Samasyalu

xqssVxqsV
ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs?
ALigRi sVWLi
ry*sV @ORPQLSysLiR
VgRiV}qsR
@sVLRixmso sLSs
$LSsVNRPXxtsQ }qsy xqssV

xms c 522 101
xmsNSaRPNRPVV
xms c 522 101
xqsLRi*xNRPVW xmsNSaRPNRPVs
xmsRsV sVVR : xmsRVV
xmsRVNRPV :
xms c 522 101
e-mail : rksamithibapatla@rediffmail.com
xmsNSaRPNRPV sVss
qx ssVxqsV [sylLi[ DLiRLRiV. @ss[ G][NRP

qx ssVxqs sVs s[j qx sWs[ DLiVLij. NS qx ssVxqs @Li[
GsV? ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs? @s sxtsQR Ws
VxqsVN][s RLi sVsNRPLiRLjiNUP @RLiR sVVQ\sVs sxtsQR VLi.
qx ssVxqs FsRVL][sRLi Fs? @s sxtsQR VLi dsVR
sW qx ssV[ Ljigjis INRP RVVssqx sRqx sV=[ mx sp ry*sV
@ORPQLSysLiR sVx LS, @R QOPR VV, $LSsVNRPXxts Q sVhRiLi,
LSsVLiT yLRiV mx sxqsLigjiLiyLRiV. A mx sxqsLigSs INRP mx soxqsNPR LigS
xmsRVLjiLiys s[VsVV qx sLiNRPLismx sVRV mx sp ry*dsV
sVLjiLiR RNRPgS sxmsodNRPLjiqx sW ysNTP INRP mx soxqsNPR LRiWFys
NRPLi ByLRiV. C mx soxqsNSs mx sRVLjiLi VgRiVFyhRiNRPVNRPV
}qss[}qs sVxygSs sWNRPV BsLiRVNRPV ry*dsVNTP
sW NRPXRyxmspLRi*NRP xmssVsVVV. C mx soxqsNSsNTP
sVVLiRVsWsV @LijLis mx sp ry*sV ry*ysLiR
sVxLS gSLjiNTP sW sssVyxmspLRi*NRP xmssVsVVV.
sRLi[ FsRVLRi[V qx ssVxqs mx sLjitx sQLjiLiRVNRPVs,
FyxmsLiNRPLigSsW, AyNRPLigSsW sVLjiLiR ryLiR NRP sys
rygjiLi[LiRVNRPV C mx soxqsNPR Li FsLRiNRPW DxmsWgRimx sRgRiRs
sW RXR saS*xqsLi.
- xmsNSaRPNRPVV
gRiLiRNRPLRi ]xmsVNRPVV
sRxmso xqssVxqs @LiR Li [xqsVN][s ys gRiVLjiLi,

sRLi[ xqs\lLis sRsTNRPsV @sLRiRVN][s RLi gRiVLjiLi,
ssVLRi+ Fs FsRVL][y[ }msLiRVNRPV ALigiR Li[
y xmsoxqsNSV DyLiVV. B[ sxtsQR WdsVR LRiR
[aPR Li[ @s[NPR sVR xqsLiLiR \ sVs xmsoxqsNSV Dy, @s
sVWxqsWys Rgjis sR LigS ssLjiLi[LiRVNRPV
xqsLjixmsTss DyxLRisV Bs*so. INRPs[ DyxLRisV By @s FyRNSss; C AR VsNRPRVVgSsNTP
RgjisVgS @s DLiRNRPFsRV. NS xmsxqsVR NSsNTP
xqsLjiF[V sR LigS N]s DyxLRi][, yy][
@VsLi ysLids s[s V INRP][ NTP [s ysNTP
xmsRVLiysV.
sR s[LiR VN][s ys gRiVLjiLi qx sLixqsQXRLi[ INRP a]N[ PR Li
DLij.
@sLiR aSxqsQLi x s[jRsLi
@aRP NS[ xsaRP sxmnsWM e
RVy=LRiWRLi RRVFyzqsRsLi
xLir RVy OUPQLRisVyLiV sVaRPLi ee
C a]N[ SsNTP @LiR Li Bj: RRy=s mx soxqsNSV ys[
DyLiVV. NSds Ds xqssVRVLi RNRPVs, @R LiNRPVV
FsNRPVs. NS , Bry[ sLij LisVgS xLixqs G
sR LigS FyV ds NRPzqss sVaRPsVLi[s VLi FysV

sWRs[V ygRiVRVLi][ @[ sR LigS sVsLiNRPWy
RRVso[s ryLSs sWRs[V gRizLiy.
NS sVsNRPV @sxqsLRi\sVs ysV FsLi, NRPWLRiVN][
szqss @sxqsLRiLi DLij. |\ msgS C yds FsNRPVsgS
ALigiR xtsQ[s xmsoxqsNS[s[ DyLiVV. dss FyLidRV
xtsQ[NPT dxqsVNRPVLSszqss @sxqsLRiLi FsLi\y DLij.
VgRiV xmsdsNSsNTP sQQNPT R *sNSrysNTP qx sLiLij Lis
BVsLi ysV @LijLiys xqsLiNRPLi][
$LSsVNRPXxts Q }qsyxqssVyLRiV C xmsoxqsNSs
xqssVLjixqsVyLRiV. sVs RVVsRLSsNTP C xmsoxqsNPR Li N]R
Dy=s, D[ s Bs*gRigji[ C xmsRVLRi VVNRP
D a[ PR Li xqsxmsn dNRPXR\ sVLiRs srys V. C xmsoxqsNSs
VgRiV[NPT @sVsjLis $ @sVLRixmso sLSsNRPV y
NRPXRRV. RsV @sVWQ\ sVs xmsLjiRRVyNSsV
@LijLis mx sp ry*sV ry*ysLiR sVxLS gSLjiNTP
s[s V FsLiRgS[ VVxmsT DysV. C xmsoxqsNSs dsV
sVVLiRVNRPV [s ysNTP FR=zLis y }qszRVNRPV,
ZaP[WxtsvNRPV y R syyV.
LRiNRPLRiNS xmspsV }qsNRPLjiLi sWgS RRWLRiV[zqs
@LijLiRRLi sLRiZNP[ y FyR. A xmspV ys[s s s[s V
FsLiRsWRsVW @ssV.
ry*sV @ORPQLSysLiR
sVVLiRV sW
ss[NSsLiR ry*sV sWgSsNTP {mshjiNRP yxqsW B

@LiLRiV: INRP |msR l\ LiV RVLiNRPLRiLigS aRPLi [qx sW mx s
dsVR xmsLRiVlgiRVRW sxqsW DLiVLij. A xms dsV[ INRP
s g]LigRixmsoLRiVgRiV FyNRPVRW DLij. A l\ LiV G
ORPQ\sQy A xmsoLRiVgRiVsV ysVLRiWFyV [NPR VLiy
[R VgRiRV. NSds @ Ljilgi[ [xms[ A xmsoLRiVgRiV xmsNRPNRPV
FyNTP
RxmsVNRPVLiVLij.
@FyRVLi
sVLiT
LRiOTPQLixmsRVRVLij. ry*dsV sVssV @Tlgi[ xmsaRP
GsVLi[ C lLiLiTLi[ Gj g]xmsj @s. FsLi][ aRPNTP
Ds l\ Li? [NPR @Q\sVs A mx soLRiVgS? ysNTP ry*dsV[V
B xqssWysLi xmsoyLRiV c xmsoLRiVlgi[ aRPNTP s VLiR\ sVsj.
FsLiRV[R sLi[ xmsoLRiVgRiV \RssLiR\sVsj. @LiRVss
A[LiRgRi aRPNTP ysNTP DLij. l\ LiV aRPNTP s VLiR\ sVs[.
@LiVVy RsVV, \ Rs LRizRsVV, A[LiR[R V.
C xmsoLRiVgRiVNRPy FsLi][ @sXj F~Lijs sWssoTNTP
gRisLiRVRV Vj s ByRV. C Vj ][ sWssoRV
@LiR sLiR\ sVs sys sLiy. NSds @
sLiRgRiVgRiVRVyy @Li[ [R V. C @LiR sLiR\ sVs

sys sLiyLi[, sRLi dsVR sVsNRPV @sgSxs
NSy. kss[ sVsLi sR ORPQ Li @LisVV.
C sROSQQs ryj LiRysNTP sVsxqsV= INRP
DxmsNRPLRiLi. sVs Gs sVsVuyLi NSLRiLi
LiR sWORPQWM. BLiRVsVWs sVs sVsxqsV= y*LS
[}qs A[R sV, NSLSV, y xmsn yV sVs
xmsoL][ sXj NTP rFyyV. C sVsxqsV=sV xqsLjigS
DxmsWgjiLiRVNRPVLi[ sVs DsRryLiVVNTP dxqsVNRPV
sRVRVLij. [NPR F[ @]g[ iR NTP yLji dxqsVLij.
ry*sV @ORPQLSysLiR C sVsxqsV=NRPV sVLi
A[R sV G sR LigS @LijLiy? y ss G sR LigS
sVsztsQ Ksys F~LiRVyRV? @s[ sxtsQR WsV
sxmsoLigS, ryxLRiLigS C xmsoxqsNPR Li[ yaSLRiV.
BLiRV[s sxtsQR WV @LiRLjiNUP ssVR Fy=s
BryLiVV. Bj @LiRLjiNUP DxmsWgRixmsRVRVLij @sRLi[
@aRPWNTP FsLiRsWRLi [R V. @LiRLRiW kss Rjs
xqsWQ Lij s F~LiRVyLRis AbPxqsVysV.
ry*sV ry*ysLiR
$LSsVNRPXxts Q sVhRiLi, LSsVLiT
qx ssVxqsV - ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs?
sxtsQRV xqsWNRP
1. sVsztsQNPU sVsztsQNPU [y
9
2. AsLiRLi @Li[ GsV?
10
3. AsLiRLi INRP @yV
12
4. sWszqsNRP \ sLji c ys FysVVR
16
5. xmsLjizqs RVV
20
6. @R LiNRPV? @sNSaS?
23
7. xqssVxqsV
26
8. dsV xqssVxqsNRPV NRPXR\ DLiRLiT!
28
9. sVsLi FsLiRVN][s zqsLij GsV?
31
10. xqssVxqsxms dsVNRPV DLiRszqss RXNRPRLi 33
11. A[R yxmsR RVV
34
12. xqssVxqs Fs FsRVL][y?
36
13. Dy=xLi
43
14. xqsLi][xtsQLi xmsWyV
46
15. @gji DLiRNRPLiT! FLSRLiT!!
48
16. ssVLRi+V
56
17. NRPVLigjiFRWLS? gRiLiRVs[zqs [s LiT!
68
18. sxqsQXx
71
19. jgRiVV sWsLiT! xqsLi][xtsQLigS DLiRLiT!! 75
20. xqsxqsWQ Lij
79
21. xqsLiNRPaRPNTP
82
22. xqsLiNRPaRPNTP s @sXj [xqsVNRPVs[?
89
23. sVVgjiLixmso
100
1
sVsztsQNUP, sVsztsQNUP [y
FssLji\ sy xqslLi[, dsVNRPV AsLiRLi NSy? @s

@RgRiLiT! sVLRiVORPQs[V ysNTP NSy! @s[ xqssWysLi
RLigS sxqsVLij. NSds, dsVLRiV AsLiRLigS DyLS?
@s @Tgji[ y sVVLi ssFRVLij. NS sVsLi
Fs DyLi? Fs DLiysVNRPVLiVyLi? @s
lLiLiRV sxtsQR W sVR y [y DLiRssW. C
[y sVs sysV g]xmsgS xmssRLi [xqsVLij.
C [y FsLiR DLi][ N]sRLi y*LS INRP sVsztsQ[s
@xqsLiRXzms FsLiR DLi][ sVsLi VxqsVN][s RV. @Li[NSNRP,
A [ys[ INRP @LiNRPVaRPmx so FVgS sVsLi DxmsWgjiLiRVNRPVs
sRLi[ sVLjiLiR sVVLiRVNRPVFLiVV G][NRP
DsROSQQs ryj LiRysNTP xmsRVLiRsRV. [y
ys gRiVLjiLi[ A[xqsW, sLSaRP][ sys[ sXy
[xqsVN][sRV.
10
2
AsLiRLi @Li[ GsV?
INRPryLji INRP yFyLji xqssVVRdLRiLi[ sT

FRVyRV. @NRPR INRP Lji Rs ss xmsNRPs|ms ,
mx sRVNRPVs LiVVgS saSLi dqx sVNRPVLiVyRV; qx sLi][tx sQLigS
NRPWsLSgSV dxqsVyRV. Lji @LiR AsLiRLigS
DLiRRLi RWzqs A yFyLjiNTP AaRPLRiLi NRPgjiLij. @Rs
RgiR LjiNTP FLiVV xmsNRPLjiLiyRV. yLji xqsLixtsQ B
N]srygjiLij:
yFyLji: C L][ [xmsV xmsysNTP s[y?
Lji: [xmsV xms @s[VaSsLiT. xmssLiy xmspLji
[xqsVNRPVs s NSxqs saSLi dxqsVNRPVLiVysV.
yFyLji: @gS! @LiVV[ BLiNS [xmsV xmssRV
NRPy!
Lji: BLiNSy! FsLiRVNRPV?
yFyLji: BLiNS FsNRPVs RV xqsLiFyjLiRsRV
NRPy!
Lji: xqsLiFyjLi GsV RW?
11
yFyLji: ds r~LiysZNP[ INRP mx sRs N]sVNRPVs, sVLjis

[xmsV xmssRV NRPy?
Lji: xms GsV RW?
yFyLji: BLiNS RV xqsLiFyjLi BV N]sVN][
sRV.
Lji: @xmsVRV?
yFyLji: BLiNS FsNRPVs [xmsV xms, @sV, BLiNS
RV xqsLiFyjLi, ds, zmns, NSLRiV N]sVN][sRV!
Lji: @xmsV[sVsoRVLij
yFyLji: sVso* AsLiRLigS sLiRsRV!
Lji: @gS! @LiVV[ BxmsVRV s[sV
[xqsVs [sV? BxmsVRV s[s V xqsLi][xtsQLigS [y? @sds
[zqssxmsV[ s[sV xqsLi][xtsQLigS DLiRgRiss dsV
D[aRPsW?
A yFyLji AaRPLRiFRWRV. @RsNTP [ sW
LS[RV. N]LiLi [R VgS A[LiRLiT! @ssxqsLRiLigS
N]RN ]R sxtsQR WsV NRPVxmsoNRPVLiWFsRLis GsV
xmsWsLi? N]LiRsVLijNTP @s @sxqsLRiLi NSsRV. NSds
@LiRLjiNUP, @ds @sxqsLRiLi NSRV. sVsNTP Fss xLigRiVV,
ALSV DyRVs ysdsVR sVs xqsLi][xtsQLi
12
AyLRixmsRRV. xqsLi][xtsQs Vs[j INRP sWszqsNRP zqs . rysVR

zmssV, AsLiRsVs[j sVsxqsV[ DLi[[ NRPy!
|\ ms NRPRsV RjssxmsVRV sVsLi @sXj s sNTPLjiLi,
rsVLjiRys FR=zxqsVysVs @sVN][NPR LiT! @sXj
@sxqsLRis[V! xmsoL][giR NSszqss[! NSds @s FsLiRsLRiNRPV?
|\ ms|msRV, @s @LiRLjiNUP AsLiys xmsLiRgRiVgRiV
RVyRW? C sxtsQR W sVsLi RxmsNRP sVsxqsV=[
DLiRVN][y.
3
AsLiRLi - INRP @yV
BxmsVRV BR LRiV syLiR V DyxLRisV xmsLjibdPyLi.

BR LRiV syLiR VV xmsLkiORPQNRPV RRWLRisoRVyLRiV. INRPL][
yLji[ INRPRV xmsLiRVss[ sT, @LiR\ sVs A
sLiRV RLiRsWsVsV RWxqsW, LiVVg][ A NSLi[,
Rs A LSxmsp AsLiys @sV sxqsVyRV. lLiLiRs
syLij @R , sVRsW! GsV [xqsVyso? @s
@TgSRV. sVVRyRV, C ss[ LiVVgS
LRiVgRiVRW saSLi dxqsVNRPVLiVysV. N]LiLi}qsxmso
@RWNRP RRVsoysV @s xqssWyssVyRV.
13
NSds Bj A lLiLiRs syLij NTP @LiR Li NS[R V. @RRV

IT ][ c xmsLkiORPQ IT ][ c xqsRsVRsVsoRVyRV.
@LiRVs A xmsLiRV sss gSds, A Rs LSs
gSds FsLiRsWRLi AsLijLiR[NPR FRWRV. @RTNTP
RRsRLi Fsg][ RVRV. @Li[NSRV c Fs sLiy[
NRPWy RVRV.
RWRLiT! Bj sVsLiRLRisVW s[LiR VN][s zqss INRP
FyhRiLi. xysoTxmsRNRPVLiy DLiWs[ @s xmssVW
RVsRV. RRgS xmssLjiLiRysNTP IT][,
ALi][s][ xysoT xmsRszqss xmss[RV.
INRPryLji ds[ xqsLi][xtsQLigS DLi[ sNRPV][ xmsLjiRRV
NSLRiNRPsVLi RWzmsLiyLRiV. dsVLRiV xqsLi][xtsQLigS Fs
DLiRgRiVgRiVRVyLRiV? @s A xmsLjiRRV NSLRiNRPsVLi[
xmsbPLisxmsVRV INRP sXR VRV B yV FyRV:
DRRWs[ sR [s gSs[ yZNPRVLRiVgS FsLiRVNRPVs[LiRVNRPV
lLiLiRV sWLSV DLiLiVV. INRP xqsLi][xtsQLigS DLiRRLi,
lLiLiRsj xqsLi][xtsQLigS [NPR VLiy DLiRRLi. s[s V
xqsLi][xtsQLigS DLiRys FsLiRVNRPVLisLi[! FsxmsVRW
qx sLi][tx sQLigS DLi[ BLiN]NRP sXR VRV B yV ByRV:
s[s V xqsLi][xtsQLigS DLiRys @yV [xqsVNRPVysV.
14
Bj RWRysNTP y xqsV LigS NRPszmsLiRsRV.

dsVLRiV, xmsRLi xqsVVs[ gSds RVRs[V NRPxts QLi! @s
@ssRV. NSds @xqsLi RVRLi y*LS @sLids
ryj LiRsRV. ysNTP @sxqsLRi\ sVs[sVLi[ xqs\lLis
sWszqsNRP RXNRPys, A[R yxqsLRis @sLRiRVN][s RLi,
ryj Liys xmsVRsV NRPgjisoLiRRLi.
sWszqsNRP aSxqsQs[R V sVsLi aSLkiLRiNRPLigS [}qs mx ssVsV
sWLRiVN][s RLi y*LS sVs sWszqsNRP xmssXRVsV
sWLRiVN][s RVss VyLRiV. DyxLRiNRPV, dsVLRiV
NSys dsV sVVLi dsVjNTP LRiVsso*V RVNRPVLi[,
dsVNRPV sLigSs[ BLiNS LRiVsso*V LijLiys
@szmsxqsVLij. ksNTP slLi[NPR LigS dsVLRiV sVVs N][xmsLi][
LiRVNRPVLi[ sLigSs[ NRPsVNRPsVLigS sVVs sVLjiLiRgS
LiRVN][yszmsxqsVLij. NRPVLigjiFLiVV sTsmx s NRPLi[
sLRiVgS sTsxmsVRV dsVLRiV sVLjiLiR sLRiLigS,
RLRiLigS, sVLjiLiR KsRLi][ DLiLRiV.
yNPR Lìi [s`. uy*Lì zmss xmsR s xmsRVLi
RWRLiT. Bj y xqsV Li. NSds ks[ g]xmsaRPNTP DLij.
Fssl\ Liy sVsV, Fs DyLRiV! @s xmsNRPLjiLis
15
xmsryLki, LiRLigS DysV! @s RVs*LiT.

NRPdsxqsLi, gRiVysV! @s xmsLiT.
sWsWNUP, s[s V AsLiRLigS, LiVVgS DysV
@s @sVN][LiT. dsVLRiV sLigSs[ AsLiRLigS, DsRLigS
DsV @sV W LiRVyLRiV. sVsxqsV=[ LiVVgS,
DxqsLigS DsxmsVRV dsLRixqsLigS, s}qsLigS DLiRRLi
ryR Li NSRV. FsxmsVRW DxqsLigS DLi[ sVsztsQgS
xmsjsVLij[ }msLRiV RVN][LiT. @j dsVNRPV sVLi
}qszRV xqsLiFyjLi |msRVRVLij.
gRiRg S xmsLjibdPLi RWxqsVNRPVLi[, @ss[
xqsLi][xtsQLigS DLi[LiRVNRPV @sxqsLRi\sVs NSLRiLi G][ INRP
DLiWs[ DLiVLij. dsVNRPV AsLiys NRPgjiLi[[][ @j
dsV sVsqx sV=NRPV N]R[s NRPgjiLi, @sVN][NPR VLiy G\y
dsLRiqx sLi dsV sVsqx sV=[NPT ]LRiTsoLi[ ys ]gjiqx sVLij.
C sxtsQR VLi[ ss[NSsLiR ry*sV GsV [j LiyL][
RWyLi!
...sLjiNTP sVs ][yLRiV AL][gRiLigS DLi[
RWRRs[V sVsLi AL][gRiLigS DLi[LiRVNRPV @sNRPy
xqsV#\sVs sWLRisVds, ][yLjis xqsLi][xtsQxmsLRi[LiRVNRPV
16
xmsRVLiRRs[V sVsLi xqsLi][xtsQLigS DLi[LiRVNRPV

xqsV#\sVs sWLRisVs dsVLRiV VxqsVN][NRPRxmsRV.
dsVLRiV DRRVLi sR[s gSs[, CL][ FssL][ INRPLjiNTP
(xqsNRPsV\sVs xmsR [) s[s V AsLiys NRPgjirys V @s
IV|msVN][LiT. @Li[NSRV @sxqsLRiLi[ Ds yTNTP
xqsRVxmsRRLi y*LS ys ARLRi[ |msLiT. ys
xmssLi y*LS @j RxmsNRP dsV sVsxqsV=NRPW, sQQNPT y*sNUP
sVLjiLiR Ksys NRPgjixqsVLij.
NRPsVNRP, AsLiRsVs[j INRP sWszqsNRPzqs [ NSNRP, @j
sVsVVNRP sWszqsNRP \ sLji [y xmssX dsVR NRPWy
AyLRixms[ sxtsQR VLi. ks sVsLi BxmsVRV RLjiysVV.
4
sWszqsNRP \sLji - FysVVR
sRLixms INRP sVsztsQNPT Ds \slLi[ @Rs sRLi[

@RLiR sLiR RWRNRP\ sVsj. ksNTP @LiR Li GsVLi[ c
INRP sVsztsQ Rs sRLi[s xqsLixmsn VssV FsVsLi
RXNRPRLi][ RWryR V, yNTP Fs xmsxqsLijryR V
@ss @ssy @RLiR NUPNRP\sVs sxtsQR WV. IZNP[
xqsLixmsn VssV BR LRiV sVsVxtsvV s[lLi[*LRiVgS RWRsRV.
17
B[sd V N]R sxtsQR VLi NSRV, sVsNRPV zqss[! NSds C

sLi sVLi sVsLi INRP gRiVFyhRiLi s[LiR VN][y.
@sVLjiNS, LRiuy[aS sVR Ljigjis xmsLRiVgRiV Fs
gRiVLjiLis INRP NRPR DLij. BVsLi NRPRV dsVLRiV y
ss DLiRsRV. Gj G\sVy sVsLi xmsxqsVR Li RLjixqsVs
sxtsQR VLi][ ksNTP N]LiR xqsLiLiR Li DLij.
INRP @sVLjiNS [aPR xqs VRV, LRiuy [aPR xqs VRV INRP xmsLRiVgRiV
xmsLiLi[ FyyLRiV. ssNTP xmsLiLi[ FysyLRiV
BR lLi[. @sVLjiNS [aPR xqs VRV lgiyRV. LRiuy [aPR xqs VRV
lLiLiRsyTgS syRV. sVLSRV A yLRi s V LRiuy
xmsNRP[, sVs [aPR xqs VRV lLiLiRs ryys ryj LiyRV!
@sVLjiNS [aPR qx s VRV ALjiyTNTP sVVLiRVyTgS syRV!!
@s xmsRVLjiLiyLRiV.
|\ ms yLRi xqs\lLisy, NSy @s sxtsQR Ws s[s V
RLjiLiR[s RLi [R V. sxtsQR WsV BLiN]NRP N][LisVLi
Fs RWRs][ VxqsVN][s ysNTP Bj INRP DyxLRi
sWRs[V. ssNTP IZNP[ xqsLixmsn VssV dsVNRPV Bxts QLi ss
N][Li[ RWRsRV.
BxmsVRV lLiLiRVgSsW gRiVLjiLis INRP NRPRsV RWyLi.
18
RWLRixmsRWLi][ @zqsFLiVVs INRP ryLji

][s [ NRPWLRiVssos INRP ss qx sdsVzmsLi, A NRPszmsLi[
gSsVLi[ DLi[ sLi FsLiy? @s @TgSRV.
A s, sVso* ss][ sLi FsLiy?
@s FsRVLRiV xmsbPLiyRV. sWxqsgS! sRNRPVs
RRsVV! @s A ryLji sVVLi LiyRV.
BNRPRy NRPWy dsNRPV @lgi[ DLiLRiV! @s A
s xqssWysLi FyRV.
sVL]NRP ryLji A ss @[ xmsaRP s[aSRV. A
s NRPWy ysV sVVR ryLjis s[zqss xmsZaP[ BRTNTP
NRPWy s[aSRV. A ryLji, y sVLiy.
BssWdsVR sRyLRiV! sgRiy! @s
xqssWysLi FyRV. A s, @LiVV[ BNRPR y
NRPWy @VsLiy[! @s RVyRV.
A s INRP zmsyRs dsVLRisVNRPVLiVyLS! IZNP[
gSsWs gRiVLjiLi @ s[lLi[*LRiV @FyRW FsLiRVNRPV
FyRV? FsLiRVNRPLi[ @RTNTP sVsVxtsv sVsxqsR Q *Li
VxqsV. sVVR ryLji @gS ssVLji+Li[ xqs*sLi
NRPyRs @RTNTP @LiR sVLiVVLij. A ryLji BRLRiV[
sVLis RWR[R V. G\y RW}qs @j RV sWRs[V.
19
@LiRVNRPs[ A s C gSsVLi[s sLi NRPWy @RRV

sxqsVs gSsVLi[s sLiLiy[ss xqssWysLi
FyRV. NSds lLiLiRs ryLji BRLRiVsV @LiR Li [qx sVNRPVs[
sVsxqsR Q *Li NRPyRV. ysV sTsxqsVs gSsVLi[s
sLi sVLiyds, }qsxxmspLRi*NRP\sVs yds @RTNTP
@szmsLiLij. NS lLiLiRs gSsVLi[s xmsV NRPWy
@RTNTP sVLiy[ @soyLRiV.
C xmsxmsLiRsVs[j INRP @R LiLij! sVsLi ys[NPT
RW}qs, @j Ljigji sVs\ sxmso RWxqsVLij. sVsLi NRPsQLRi
[}qs @j NRPWy NRPsQLRi [xqsVLij. sVsLi LRiVsso*V
Lij}qs @j NRPWy sso*RVLij. sVsLi ysdsVRNTP [s
xmsLixmsoysW, @[ sVsNTP Ljigji sxqsVLij. C xmsxmsLiRLi[
Gk xmspLjig S R j NSRV, xmspLjig S sVLij NSRV. INRPLjiNTP
sVLi [}qsj sVL]NRPLjiNTP sVLij NSNRPFsRV. @lgi[
INRP xqsLiRLRiLi[ sVLiRLiVVsj sVL]NRP xqsLiRLRiLi[
sVLij NSNRPFsRV. BLiRNUP xmsRVRVNRPVs[s VLi[,
mx sLjizqs RVsV , sNRPVsV sVsV sWLjiFyLiVV.
@LiVV[ INRP sQQNPT g S sVs xqsLi][uyNRPW, RVMNRPW
xmsLjizqs RVsV INRP NSLRiLigS RW}msLiRVNRPV gSds, sVs
[R gSsRysNTP xmsLjizqs RVsV INRP ryNRPVgSgSds yRVN]-
20
N[ PR WRRV. xmsLjizqs RVsV xqs\lLis RXNRPRLi[ @LiR Li

[xqsVN][y.
5
xmsLjizqsRVV
sRLi[ ysVV RsRWzqss xmsLSRWNTP

mx sLjizqs RV, RV sxtsQR W sLijLiRRLi ysVLijNTP
@yV. ysVLij syLiR VV, sW DFyyRVVRV
xqsLjigS [jLiR[R[, sW NRPaS sVLij NSR[
ryNRPVV xmsoRW DLiLRiV. ysVLij D][gRi
sxtsQR W[ NRPgjis @xmsRWNRPV NRPWy B[ LRiNRP\ sVs
ryNRPVV xmsoRW DLiLRiV. RV sxtsQR WsV
sLijLiRRLi xqsV Li. @LiVV[ xqsVsWLRiVgS B[LiR NRP\ sVs
xmsLjizqs RV[ Ds sVLjiN]LiRLRiV gSs[ LSLiRgRiVgRiVRVyLRiV NRPy! NS yLji[ G][ [y
DLiRssW!
[s V= Fss B FyRV: sVsztsQ Rs g]LisV
N][LjiNRPNRPV, }msLSaRPNRPV RgjisV RV xmsxmsLiys
sWLRi[R V NSds Rs N][Lij NRP[ xmsNRPs |msgRiRV. RV
21
sxtsQR Wxms Rs A[R yxqsLRis sWLRiVN][s RLi y*LS

@s INRP N]RLRiWFys xqsLiRLjiLiRVN]s[ RVgRiRV.
sVsztsQ Rsmx s BRLRiVV xmssLjiL i[ dLRiVsV sWLRi[R V
NSds yLjixms Rs xmssLRis xqsNRPsVLigS DLi[ ys[
sWLRigRiRV. sVsztsQ Rs RVW Ds xmsLjizqsRV xmsxLki
g][R xmsgRiVg][RV NSds s[][ yNTP
@sVsogS RssV ysV sWLRiVN][giR RV [y Rs sWszqsNRP
RXNRPys sVLjiLiR saSLigS [xqsVN][sRLi y*LS
sVLjiLiR g]xms zqsgRiRV[NTP FsRVgRiVyRV.
RV sxtsQR WV sVs A[R s @sVxqsLjiryLiVV.
dsV A[R s sWLRiVNRPVLi[ RV sxtsQR WV RsVsV
ysVV xqssLjiLiRVNRPVLiLiVV.
][yLji xmssLRisgSs[ xmsLjizqsRVV, xmsLjixqsLSV
sVVR\s RV sxtsQRWV, xqs*RgS Rs NSso,
sVLis NRPWy NSso. sVs sWszqsNRP RXNRPRLi, sWszqsNRP
xmsLjizqsRVV ys A sRLigS [ryLiVV.
xqsLji\Vs sWszqsNRP RXNRPRLi [NRPFsRs[V sVsztsQ
VVNRP @sXjs sLigS NRPVLiVxmsLji[ [V.
FsxmsV\[ sVsztsQ ysVs xmsLjizqsRVsV Rs
aRPNTPRVVNRPV ssLRiV xmsoLjiN][ @LiNRPVaRPxmsoFVgS
22
sry][, Rs[s [VFys[ Rs gRisWsNTP

sRVsLiRLigS [lLi[ rFyyVgS RWry][, @xmsVRV
@sxqsLRiLi[sVLi xqsXyRNRPR (RWRgSs[ xmsLjizqsRV
[RVFyRV @LiRy sRVgRilgi[ aRPNTP) xmsoRVRVLij;
@sL][y[ ryRyVgS sWLjiFyLiVV.
sVs Lij Li[j , sVVNTP s sTzmsLi[j RV
sxqsVsoV NSso, ys gRiVLjiLis sVs A[Rs[.
sVsLi BLiRNRPV sVVLiRV @yRVLi[ RjssV sVs
xmsLjizqs RVxms, ][ yLji][ sVs xqsLiLiR LiR y xms
sVs sRsTNRP @RLiR sVVQ\ sVsj. sRLi[
xqssVxqs FsRVL]s[ sxtsQR VLi[ NRPWy B[ sLjixqsVLij.
xqs\lLis RXNRPys NRPgjisoLi[ sQQNPT , xqssVxqs[\ sVy
DyRW? xqslLi[! sVlLi[sd V xmsn LS*[R V! s[s Vsj ys
xmsLjixtsQLjiLiRysZNP[ gRiy! @LiRV.
B \ LRiLigS xmsNRPRLi ryR s[Vss dsVLRiV @sVNRPVLiVyLS, [y? @ @sRLi sVVsWNUP ryR s[V!
@LiRLRiW @ @sgRigS. sVLji @j Fs ryR Li?
FsxmsV\[ sVsLi INRP @R LiNTPs INRP @sNSaRPLigS sVRVN][gRiVgRiVysW @xmsVRV @j ryR xmsRVRVLij.
6
@RLiNRPV? @sNSaS??
23
N]LiRsVLijNTP @ds xqssVxqsVgSs[, @R LiNRPVVgSs[

][ryLiVV. NSds sgRiyRV @R LiNTPs[ INRP @sNSaRPLigS
sVRVNRPVs ys ryRVLi][s[ |\ msNTP FsgRiNRPVyRV.
INRPryLji lLiLiRV sVR INRP xmsn Qo A
LRiVgRiV][Lij. ysVLij }msORPQNPR VV RWxqsVyLRiV. @NRPR
INRP @sWRVNRPgSsVxqs VRV sT AsV RWxqsVyRV.
A A gRiVLjiLi @RTNTP GdsV RVRV. N]LiR}qsxmso A
RWzqss RLS*R Rs xmsxmso }qszRVT][ IZNP[
LiN][xqsLi C RgRiso [sNTP! yRgiR LjiN]}qs @LiRLjiNUP
RNRP Lis Brys V NRPy! @yRV. @RRV @LiRLjiNUP
RNRP Lis B}qs BLiNRP A @s[[ DLiRRV!
INRP sVsztsQNPT A Li INRP @R LiNTPgS ][xqsVs j. @[
xqssVRVLi[ sVL]NRPLjiNTP A Li INRP @sNSaRPLigS
NRPszmsrLij.
sgRiyTNTP xms @R LiNUP INRP @sNSaRP# s[V! NSds
s-R NRPVsyTNTP xms @sNSaRPsVW INRP @R LiNTPgS
NRPsxmsRVRVLij!
24
dsVLRiV s[VRdsVjNTP [LSLi[ sVV FsNTPFy.

|\ msZNPNRPysNTP A sVV sVsNTP xqsRVxmsRyLiVV. NSds A
sVsV RWzqs, @s[ @R LiNRPVsVNRPVLi[ sVsV FssLRiW
LRiOTPQLiR[LRiV.
ks gRiVLRiVLiRVN][LiT: INRP gSxmsLi gSNTP
FsRVLRiVLjigji |\ msNTP FsgRiVLRiVRVLij NSds gSyVs FsgRiVLRiRV.
dsVLRiV G][ INRPxmsss [xmsLRisVN][LiT. sLi ys
slLi[NPT Li dsVdsVR @sLRiNSVgS ssVLRi+ sL<iR Li
NRPVLjizmsxqsVyLRisVN][LiT. qx sgRiVsVsztsQ @xqsV A mx ss LRigRis[
LRigRiRs @sVNRPVLiRV. NSds sgRiyRV, xmss[
s[LiR Lji @LiVVsyRV A dsj NRPVNRP sVVLRiVgRiVNTP
jLjiFRV. A sVVLRiVgRiVs[ kssVgS dxqsVNRPVs
sVVLiRVNTP FyRV. sVL]NRPsW[ FyLi[, A
RWxtsQV, LRiryLS[ @RsNTP AbdPLS*ysoyLiVV.
ds aRPRNRPNRPLRi @LiVVs LRiQ XxLji C sxtsQR VLi[ GsV
FyL][ RWyLi!
ALRi[ s V sxmnsV#[Vs ds\M
ALRi sxmnsV sxy sLRisVs sVyM e
s\|mnsVM xmsosM xmsosM xmsLjixssWyM
FyLRisVVRsVy s xmsLjiRs ee
25
xqssVxqsV, @RLiNRPVV FsRVLRisoyRVs[ RVLi][
@RsVVLiVVsyLRiV G xmssds FyLRiLiLiRLRiV. xmsss

sVVRV|ms xqssVxqsV FsRVLRis*gSs[ sVR[
Azmss[}qsyLRiV sVR LRiNRPLi sVsVxtsvV. DR s VVLiVVsyLRiV
sWsWNUP xqssVxqsV FsRVLRisoRVy [xmss xmsss
sRNRPVLiy xmspLji [ryLRiV.
Fs[ RVVy[ sRVLi ryjLis sFRVs,
@LiRLjiNRPy FsNRPVs xmsVR DsyTZNP[ sRVLi
xqsVLij! @s FyRV.
NSlLî @s[ g]xms s[Vys, xms g]xmsxmss
FyLRiLiLisxmsVRV @ryRsVLiVVs[. dsVLRiV [}qsxmsss
RNRPgS @LiR Li [xqsVN][LiT. [}qsxmsVRV |LRiVQqsgS
xmss RVLiT!
RWaSLS! xmsVR @s[j sRWs ryj Lis
sVsVxtsv sy[ sVsLi RxmsNRP gRisVsLi[ ORPQLi.
dsVLRiV xqsXyRNRPRsV |msLiF~LijLiRVNRPVs, Fs
xmssRW[ RNRPgS @LiR Li [xqsVNRPVLi[ dsV @sXj s
AxmsgRilgi[j Gk DLiRRV. G sVsztsQNPT @s
xqsLiRLS[s W @sNSaSV NRPszmsryW A sVsztsQNPT
@xqsV xqssVxqs[ DLiRso! xqssVxqs xqsV LigS Fs
26
xmsLjixtsQLjiLiy[ @RTNTP VxqsV. sVLji C xqssVxqs

FsRVL]s[?
7
xqssVxqsV
xqssVxqs @Li[ GsV?

G mx sLjizqs [ sVsLi sVs A[R yaRPNTP s ssWgjiLi
INRP xmsLjiuyLSs NRPsVg]sszqs sxqsVLi][ A xmsLjizqs s[
INRP xqssVxqs @s zmsVssRV.
dsVLRiV G xmss\sy s[LiR VgS [|qsRV[LiR V. FsVsLi
xqssVxqsW FsRVLRiVxmsRNRPVLiy RVgRilgi[ xmss Gk
DLiRRV. xqssVxqs @s[j INRP RVs xmsLjizqs NSsRV,
RVs xmss NSsRV, RVs sQQNPT NSsRV. INRPryLji
A xqssVxqssV Fs xmsLjixtsQLjiLiy[ VxqsVNRPVLi[ BNRP
A\|mss A xqssV}qs sVgRiRV. xqssVxqs @s[j INRP sxqsVs o
NSRV, INRP aSaRP*R\sVs sxtsQR VLi NSRV c @j yyNRPLigS
DLiT, NSLi][ NRPjF[V INRP xmsLjizqs sWRs[V.
DyxLRiNRPV sys[ dxqsVN][LiT. sVsNRPV @j y
xqsV Li. NSds INRP szmsyTNTP @j y NRPxts Qs VLiVVs
xmss. sVVR R A R NRPV szmsxqsVLij. NRPsVNRPsVLigS
27
Fs[ryLiR V RxmsVV [zqss RLS*R zmsyRV sRLi

s[LiR VNRPVLiRV. @[sR LigS \ xmsoRVRLi, |\ qsNTPV
]NRPRLi, RRsRLi sVVR\ ssds!
INRP xqssVxqs dLjis RLS*R Ljilgi[[sV? dsVLRiV
ysVLi G][ INRP s[LiR VNRPVLiLRiV. dsVNRPV N]LiR
@sV sLi sxqsVLij. [NPR F[, A xqssVxqsxms dsVNRPV N]LiR
@sgSxs NRPVgRiVRVLij. @[ xqssVxqs sVd
FsRV\lLismx sVRV ys qx sV LigS mx sLjitx sQLjiLiRgRiVgRiVyLRiV.
sVVRryLji NRPgjisLiR RVLi, ALi][ s lLiLiRsryLji
NRPgRiso. |\ msgS A xqssVxqss xmsLjixtsQLjiLiRRLi y*LS dsVNRPV
xmsWsLi NRPgji[ ys xqssVxqs @s zms[NPR y
INRP @sNSaRPLi @s zmssRLi xqsVgS DLiVLij.
@LiVVxts QLigS, yss NRPlgi[ xmsWsLi GsV[
RVNRPVLiys[ dsVLRiV INRP xqssVxqssV FsRVL]s
DLiRsRV. NSds INRPryLji @j gRiTFRWNRP A qx ssVxqssV
\ LRiLigS FsRVL]s xmsLjixtsQLjiLisLiRVs NRPgjis
xmsWys RWzqs dsVlLi[ AaRPLRiFyLRiV.
@LiVV[ sVVLiRVsVLi[ A xmsLjizqs s INRP @sNSaRPLigS
dxqsVNRPVs xmss[}qs Fs DLi[][ A[LiRLiT! dsVLRiV A
28
mx sLjizqs s Bxts QLi][, AxqsNTP ][ mx sLjitx sQLjiLiRRLi y*LS sVLjiLiR

xmsWys F~LiRgRilgi[yLRiV NRPy! @soy, NSy?
BxmsVRV @xqsV sxtsQRWsNTP syLi. INRP ryRVso
B FyLRiV: xms @sNSaRPLi[sW dsVNRPV @sL][y[
NRPszms}qs, FsxmsVRW syLRiLi][ DLi[ INRP
sxtsQQWNRPV\s sQQNTPgS dsVLRiV RRWLRisoyLRiV. xms
@sL][RLi[sW dsVL]NRP @sNSaSs RWRgRigji[
xqsXyRNRPR NRPgjis INRP sRVsLiRV\s sQQNPT g S dsVLRiV
sWLRiyLRiV.
dsVLRiV xmsLjizqsRV Fs RWryLRis sxtsQRVLi dsV[
BRLiy AyLRixmsRVRVLij. xqssVxqsNRPy ysxms dsV
RXNRPRs[V sVVLi!
8
dsV xqssVxqsNTP NRPXR\ DLiRLiT!
sRVsLiRLigS sLis N]LiRLRiV B FyLRiV:

y xqssVxqsNRPV NRPXR . INRP xqssVxqssV
xmsLjixtsQLjiLis xmsryLki s[s V sVLjiLiR sLiRVTgS
RRWLRiRWsV. xqssVxqsV @s[ sV dsVR s[s V
sVWRVxmsoso*V, ALRiVNSRVVgS |msLjigSsV. BLiN]NRPLRiV,
s[s V
xqssVxqs[
29
[NPR F[ s[s[sd V RV[NPR F[Vy .

FsLiRVNRPLi[ @s sVsqx sV=sV gRi mx sLRiVryLiVV @s FyLRiV.
FssL][ sRsVLi[ GsV? @s xmsbPLisxmsVRV
ss[NSsLiR ry*sV, @gRi]NTPs[}qs xmsLjizqs RV sVR [
sNRPzqsLi, |msLiF~LiRRs[V sRLi! @s sLRi*LiyLRiV.
BNRPR sVsLi xmsVN][R gjis sVLi NRPR INRP DLij.
INRP g]LigRixmsoLRiVgRiV NRPVNRPVsgRiWRV N]jgS xmsgji
ys[sVLi INRP {qsyN][NRPVNRP ssVjgS RVNRPV
LSsRLi sVVRV|msLij. INRP sVsztsQ y AxqsNTP][,
xmsNRPs[ NRPWLRiVs, gRiLi RLRiT ys RWRrygSRV.
A sxmsgRiVV[Li A {qsyN][NRPVNRP @NRPxtsQLi][
RVNRPVLSsysNTP xmsRVQrLij. N]LiR}qsxms RLS*R
@j RVNRPV LS[sV NRPsxmsRrygjiLij. ys aRPNTPsLiy
xmsWgjiLi RVNRPV LSsysNTP xmsRVxqsVy A gRiWRV
ysNTP xqsLiRV Bs*sV NRPsxmsRrygjiLij. BNRP DLiR[NRP
A sVsztsQ ysNTP xqsRVLi @sxqsLRisVs sLRiLiVVLiyRV.
@R]NRP s NRPLiR dqx sVNRPVs A gRiWs ssVjgS NRPLij Li
Ljis[aSRV. @xmsVRV A {qsyN][NRPVNRP xqsVLigS
RVNRPV LSgRigjiLij. NSds ys aRPLkiLRiLi xqsLjigS FsRgRiNRP,
lLiNRPV sVVRVRVNRPVFLiVV DyLiVV. A sVsztsQ A
30
{qsyN][NPR VNRP lLiNRPV FsxmsVRV mx spLjig S sRVNRPVLiRW,

@j FsxmsVRV FsgRiVLRiVRVLiy @s RWxqsWs[ DyRV.
NSds @[dsV LRigRi[RV. ssNTP A {qsyN][NRPVNRP
Rs sRNSsVLiy sVVRVRVNRPVs lLiNRP][ NSdsVR
FyNRPVRW gRiTzmsLij. @j FsxmsNUP FsgRiVLRis[[RV.
A {qsyN][NRPVNRP RNRPgS RRW\lLi FsgRiLRiysNTP
NSszqss aRPNTPr ysVLSQsV F~LiRRLi N][xqss[V gRi gS DLi[
A N][aSs xmsNRPX GLRiLRiLij. ys[sVLi
RVxms[LiRVNRPV A s |mssVgRiVysj xmsNRPX
sRVsVLi. @ |mssVgRiVRRLis ys aRPLkiLRiLi[s LRiNRPL i
yslLiNRP[NTP
xmsszLi
@s
RNRPgS
RRWLRi[VLiRVNRPV xqsRVxmsRyLiVV. NSds A sVsztsQ
xmsRVRVyss, RRV RWzmsxqsVyss @sVNRPVLiW,
sV[xmsT A sxtsQRWs VxqsVN][[NRP FRWRV.
gRiWsVLi RVxmsR sLis[ }qs*RgS FsgjilLi[ aRPNTPs
F~LiyLi[ @ |mssVgRiVRRLi @RsxqsLRisVs @RRV
gRizLiR[NRP FRWRV.
NRPuy[ N]sryLiR V sVsNRPV sRLi[ sLigS
NSszqsss. sRLi[ @sL][y [ [NPR VLiy [s oRV
sVs sVVLiRVNRPV Fs}qs @j sVs sNRPLigRiVVgS
31
RRWLRiV[xqsVLij. xqssVxqs[ [NPR F[ sVsLi FsLiR LigS

RRWLRiV NSs][, NSgRisW, @LiR LigS RRWLRiVNSsVV.
9
sVsLi FsLiRVN][szqsLij GsV?
xqssVxqsV
xmsWsNRPLRi\ sVsss, sVLiss dsVLRiV

@s[LiVV[, ydsV[ sVsLi AyLRixmsT DysW?
[NPR F[ y[ N]sLis sVsLi FsLiRVNRPVs[ dsVLiy?
@s dsVLRiV @RgRisRV. ksNTP xqssWysLi KsV, NSRV
@s xmsszqssxqsVLij.
sVsLi FsNRPR, FssLji][ RVVR Li RW[
FssVN][s RV NSds RVVy s[ (RW[, s])[
FssVNRPVs[ @sNSaRPLi sVs [R V[ [R V. FsLiRVNRPLi[ sVsNRPV
RVVR Li RVNRP RxmsRV. sVsLi xqssVxqss FssVN][[Li
NSds A xqssVxqs sVsNRPV GsV ryj Li|msgRiRs
sxtsQR Ws sVsLi FssVN][s RV.
INRP xqssVxqs sVsNRPV GsV ryj Li |msgRiRV? @s[
xmsaRPsV xmsLjibdPyLi. INRP xqssVxqssV sVsLi @s
N][sVLi @RVxmso RV[NPR FsRV. NSds sVsNRPV
32
INRP xqssVxqs FsRV\lLisxmsVRV ysNTP sVsLi Fs

xmsxqsLijrys Vsj sWRLi sVs @RVxmso[ Ds
sxtsQR Vs[V. ys dsVLRiV FssVN][s RV. sVL]NRPsW[
FyLi[, A xqssVxqsNRPV dsVLRiV G xmsRLRisV
RWzmsryLiR V? @sj dsV Bxts QLi.
dsV xmsRLRisV dsVLRiV @RVxmso[zqssxmsVRV A xqssVxqs
dsVdsVR RWzmsLi[ xmsys dsVLRiV @RVxmso RV
gRiVgRiVyLRiV. @Li[ dsV xmsRLRi[V @sLiNUP RVj
sLiR RWs BxqsVLij.
sRLi[ FsRV\lLis G\y qx ssVxqsNRPV dsVLRiV sLSaRP][NSNRP
AaSsNRPLigS, FysgS xmsxqsLij}qs A FsRVLRiV
yLRi[ @RXxts Qxmso yLRiVgS sWLRiVN][s RV.
LSsVNRPXxts Q sVhRiryLixmsyRVLi[ [Lij s INRP s[bPd
qx syQQzqs c ry*sV @RVsLiR c INRPryLji B FyLRiV:
ssNTP [sNUP G sVy [R V. INRP sxtsQR WsNTP sVsLi
B[ FysVVR ysNTP A sVssV NRPVgRi[qx sVLij. dsVLRiV
G sR LigSsW xmsxqsLijLiRNRPVLiy, sLiRsW,
ssVLRi+sW ssLigS @LigkiNRPLji}qs c @xmsVRV A
xmsxqsLiRs VVNRP LRiVsosV dsVLRiV sWRVszqss xmss
DLiRRV. A sxtsQR WsNTP G sVy sVgRiRV. @j
33
sVsV yNRP\ sy yNRP[R V. C sR LigS sLiRsW,

ssVLRi+sW, xmsNRPW xmsLjizqs RVsW \ LRiLigS,
sLRiLigS FsRVL][sRV.
10
xqssVxqs xms dsVNRPV DLiRszqss RXNRPRLi
xms xqssVxqs[s W AaSsNRP @Li[ Fys

@sNSaSVLiRVs sxtsQR Ws sVsLi RxmsNRP @LiR Li
[xqsVN][y. C WxmsxmsLiRLi[ sWssoRV N]Rg S
NRPsVg]s xms sxtsQR VsVW G][NRP xqssVxqssV
xmsLjixtsQLjiLiRRLi N][xqsLi xmsRVxqsVLiRgS Lis[.
xqssVxqs][ xms INRPLRiW NRPVLigjiFLiVV DsQ LiVV[,
BxmsNUP sWsy ysV RVV[Lij s ][s[ DLiT
F[Vj.
|mss=ssV NRPsVg]sys ksNTP sVLi DyxLRigS
xmsVN][s RV. Rs xmsWgRiLi[ |mss=ssV DR
[}qs A bPdLiR Li |msLRiVgRiVRVLiRs A aSxqsQRV sVVLiRVgS
EzLiR[R V. A bPdLiR Li s @Rs xmsWgRiLi xqsLjigS
N]srygRiRLi [R V. @LiVV[ A aSxqsQRV, @sVN][NPR VLiy
sxmsR A xqssVxqssV INRP xqssVxqsgS sLiRNRP, ys[
34
Ds sVLis sNTPRVysNTP xmsRVLiyRV. A

sR LigS @[ bPdLiR Li[s VLi ORPQjsVLij sysV
NSFy[ @RVR \ sVs sVLiRV NRPsVg]sTLij. A
aSxqsQRV ys xqsLjigS @LiR Li [xqsVN][NPR , A xqssVxqssV
INRP RzmsgS sLi DLi[ xaS sWsy A
sV\ss sVLiRVsV Fg]VNRPVs DLi[j . INRP xqssVxqs[
sVLi sVsNRPV DxmsWgRixms[ ys Fs RVNRPV
RW[ C xqsLixmsn Vs y*LS sVsLi VxqsVN][s RV.
11
A[Ry xmsRRVV :
@LiVV[ xmsR - Fs xmsR
dsVLRiV G LRiNRPLigS A[ryLiR V? @LiVV[ xmsR[

A[Li[yRV s[sV @ [zqssosQLiVV[! s[sV
B [zqssosQ LiVV[! @s A[ryR V. gRiTFLiVVs
ys gRiVLjiLi, LjigjiFLiVVs RxmsV gRiVLjiLi A[Li
xqssVRWs sXy [ryR V.
Fs xmsR [ A[Li[yRV [zqss RxmsV
ssVLRiVs[qx sVNRPVLiW sV\ss qx ssVRWs sXy RVRV.
A xqssVxqssV ryj LiRRLi Fs? ksNTP G][NRP
35
xmsLjiuyLRiLi DLiy NRPy! @s sLis[ A[LiRRLi

sVVRV|msRyRV.
dsVLRiV xmsLjizqs s sVLRiVgRiVxmsLRiRR}qs AaSsNRPLigS,
FysgS G][NRP RVLiT! ][ yLji[, mx sLjizqs RV[
sLijLiRRLi s ILjilgi[[sd V DLiRRV.
sRLi[ dsVLRiV [s[ RWzqsy yRVLi NRPsxmsRRV.
|msR LiRVsoV s LiRVso jgRisVLigRiVRVyLiVV.
sLiRVV {sV [LRiRVNRPVLiVyLRiV. xmsNRPX
@LiRLjixms yRWs RWxmsRV. BNRP xmsNRPX \sxmsLkiy
xqsLigRi }ms[s VVLij? ORPQj @sWRVNRP xmsV y
ss R xmsRRLi [y? ys gRiVLjiLi xmsNRPXs
sLijLiRRLi xqsVgS DLiVLiy? xmsNRPX[ yRVLi
[RV @s xmsLi [xqsW, xqssVxqs FsRVL][NRPVLiy
sVVRVRVNRPVs NRPWLRiVLi[, sLRiNRPV dsVNRPV dsVlLi[ yRVLi
[xqsVN][[LiR V.
sRVLi [sV= @s[ g]xms s[Vys, sWszqsNRP
xmssXRVsV sWLRiVN][s RLi y*LS RsVRsV sysV
sWLRiVN][sRVss NRPsVN][sRs[V C RVVgRiLi[
sWssoV ryjLis @RRVR\sVs ssaSxqsQ
sRVLi @s FyRV.
36
NS @LiVV[cgjiLiVV[ @s A[LiRRLi sWs

Fs @s A[LiRRLi sVVRV|msLiT!
12
xqssVxqs Fs FsRVL][y?
dsVLRiV INRP xqssVxqss Dy=xLigS FsRVL]sxmsVRV

ys sVLjiLiR aRPNTP s VLiRLigS FsRVL][gRiVgRiVyLRiV. yss
sVLi xmsn yV NRPVgRiVyLiVV. dsVLRiV xmsryLki sRVLi
ryj LiR[yLRis s[s V xmsRLi [R V. NSds Dy=xLi][
xmss[zqssxmsVRV dsVLRiV @xmsRVLi F~Lijy @j dsVNRPV
RxmsNRP xmsWsLi [NPR WLRiVxqsVLiRs sWRLi NRPRLigS
xmsgRisV. dsV RXNRPRLi Fs DLij? B[ dsVLRiV dsV
sVsxqsV=[ ORPQ LigS |msVN][s zqss sxtsQR VLi.
@sNRPy sVVLiRV xqssVxqsV sVs RRWLRiV
RVysZNP[ NSds RLjigjisRVysNTP LSss gRiVLRiVLiRVN][y.
yLRis ss=Li {ms B FyLRiV: RssV ysV
sVLjiFLiVV xqsxxqs*sLi][ sVVLiRRVgRiVs[zqs xmss
RVRs[V xqsLji\Vs xmsR. D[NRPLi][ xmss[}qs sQQNTP
C sR\sVs ss RXNRPRLi][, sssVR][ [soTNTP
37
}qss RWs NSNRP, ds\sVs IT][, sWszqsNRP

ALi][s][, Rs sQQNTPgRiR \sxmnssV FsNRPVsgS
RXztsQ[|msVNRPVs xmss[ryRV.
sVs g]xmsyLRiLiRLji[s W qx sLRi*ryyLRiLigS NRPszmsLi[
sxtsQR VLi INRPVLij. yLRiV xmss[ ds\ sV RsVsV ysVV
sVLjiFyLRiV. y FsLiRgS RsV xmss[ ssVgRiQQ\sV
FyLRiLi[ ANRPRxmsV NRPWy sVLjiFyLRiV. yLjiNTP
xqssVryRNRP\ sVs[k [s[[R V!
Rs }qszRV [ysNTP A*sLis aSxqsQs[R
NRPR INRPVLij. A aSxqsQs[R yLjiR Lji [ ysNTP NSszqss
@s GLSW [zqs Rs xmsWgS[ sVVsgjiFRWRV.
A }qszRVRV s C aSxqsQs[R Rs xmsWgRiaS[
DLiRRLi RWaSRV. @RT GNSgRiRsV FyRVRVRLi
A }qszRVTNTP BxtsQLi[NRPFLiVVLij. @RRV N]LiR}qsxmso
s[RWzqs @NRPR RsN][qx sLi DLis [ ys ss[aSRV.
ANRP dLRiNRP A aSxqsQT [ys NRPWy ss[aSRV.
A aSxqsQRV BLiNS Rs xmsWgS[ RsVVsNRP\
DyRV. A }qszRVRV saRP+LigS sFRWRV.
N]LiR}qsxms RLS*R A aSxqsQRV s [y
RgRiLRi d NRPLiysV RWzqs, Jx[! s[sV [sLi-
38
[zqs y}qsxmsLiVVLi[! @sVNRPVLiW Ljigjis Rs

xmsLjia][Rs[ sVVsgjiFRWRV.
yLRis ss=Li {ms BLiNS B FyLRiV:
zqsgRiV][ sVVRVRVNRPVF[V sVsVxtsvV ssNTP
[[mx s @xLiNSLSs NRPgjisoLiLRiV. y A[R sV
s[sVcyj @s sVsVNSLRiLi][, @xLiNSLRiLi][
yNRPLRiLigS |msss[xqsVNRPVFLiVV DLiLiVV. @VsLi
bdPV\s sQQNPT AL][gSs F~LiyLi[ RssV ysV
sVLjiFsys @xqsLi RW.
ss[NSsLiR ry*sV [j Lis NRPLRiWgRi ARLRi+Li
NRPWy kss[ ssLjixqsVLij. suysV NRPLRiWgRiLi (N][Lij NRPV
[NPR VLiy xmss[xqsW Ry*LS xmsLjixmspLiR RsV F~LiRRLi)
VVNRP D a[ PR Li @xLiNSLSs RVT|msRs[V.
ss[NSsLiR ry*sV B [jLiyLRiV: xmnsy
gRiVLjiLi LigRi|msVNRPVsy[ xmss NRPxts QLigS DLiRs sLiNRPV
|msRyRV. RV sxtsQRWNRPy sVs A[Rs[
ssNTP sVs LijLi[s, sVVNTPs[s.
@xqsV xqssVxqs[ [s zqs gSds [y @s xqssVxqsW
xmsLjixtsQLjiLiRR zqs gSds DLiRW @s dsVLRiV @RgRisRV. kss[ xqssVxqssW, xqsLiZOP[Qs VxqssW ryxmss gRiVLjiLi
39
yjLi[yLRiV NRPV NRPyLRiV. (@VsLi zqs FsxmsVRW,

FsNRPy DLiRRV.) u|mss sLì yNSLi NTPRs[V ks
gRiVLjiLi FyLRiV. FsxmsV\[ sVsVxtsvV (RsV
xqssWLi[) RRsW, xqsLiZOP[Qs Ws ryj ryL][, @xmsVRV
sVgjis xqssVxqsds dLjiFRWLiVV gRisVNRP yLjiNTPylLi[
xqssVxqsgS sWLRiyLRiV.
sVLjiLiR RNRPs DyxLRigS LSsVNRPXxts Q sVxtsQs yLRiV
[xms s xmsosLjiLS NSLRiNRPsWsV xmsVN][s RV.
N]sxmssV[ sVxtsQs ylLi[ xmss sVVys xmspLji [zqs,
yLRiVV RsV NS dsVR ysVV s[LiRVNRPV yLjiNTP
DFyj @sNSaSsV NRPWy RWzmsLiyLRiV. NSds ysNTP
xmsn RLi GsV[ Vry? AaRPLRiLi! ysVV xqsLiFyjLis
RV][ GsV RW[ RVNRP A yLRiVV R WsVFyysNUP, sVRFyysNUP @yV xmsyLRiV. A RLRiVyR
sVxtsQs yLRiV C xmsR s sWLjis[aSLRiV. yLRiV
xmsosLjiLS NSLRiNRPsW[ FyVxmsLiRVN]s[V
RVRs[VNSNRP yLjiNTP RsV NSdsVR ysVV sT
Fs xqsNRPsVLigS sLiy[ s[Lij LiRysNTP
xmsRVLiyLRiV. CryLji xmsn yV sVLjiLiR sVLRiVgS
DyLiVV.
40
Ljigji sVsLi RLjixqsVs sVVsxtsQR WsNTP syLi.

sVsLi xmsLjixtsQLjiLiRysNTP zqsR LigS[s INRP xmsLjizqs s[
xqssVxqs @s xmsVN][s RV. ys xmsLjixtsQLjiLiRysNTP
sVsLi zqsR xmsR sVLRiVORPQLi @j xqssVxqsgS sVgRiRV. xqsV
@ys R V N]RVRVLij NSds DNRPVs gRi xmsLRiVxqsVLij!
@s INRP rysVR DLij. INRP xqssVxqs dsVdsVR Fs
xmss[xqsVLiRs sxtsQR VLi dsVLRiV G xmsyLiR Li][ RRWLRiV
[R VyLRisys dsVR AyLRixmsRVRVLij. xqssVxqsV
sVs dLjij L[ iRVZNP[ gSds gRilLi[LiRVNRPV LSso!
$sVì ry*sV LRiLigRiyysLiR B FyLRiV:
xqssVxqs sT FyLjiFsRsVs[j G sRLigSsW INRP
xmsLjiuyLRiLi NSRV. FsLiRVNRPLi[ xqssVxqs[ sVs RLRiVsVV
NRPVLiW sryLiVV NRPsVNRP.
ss[NSsLiR ry*sV RsV sRLi[s[ Ljigjis
xqsLixmsn Vs][ xqssVxqs Fs FsRVL][y[ RNRPgS
ssLjiLiyLRiV:
INRPryLji s[sV yLRizqs[ DsxmsVRV INRP yLji[
sTFRVysV. A yLjiNTP INRP\sxmso |msR LRiVso,
lLiLiRs\sxmso INRP |msR g][R DyLiVV. A xms[aRPLi[ y
N][RVV DyLiVV. yLRizqs[ DLi[ N][RVV y
41
|msRs[ NSNRP sVVN][xmsLi][ DLiLiVV NRPWy. @s ssV

A ][s[ Fss*NRPWRRs A L][ saRPLiVVLiRVNRPVyLiVV. @s @Lji gki|msRVRW y NS mx sVN][s ysNTP
LSrygSLiVV. @s RgRiLRiNRPV sxqsW DLi[ s[sV xmsLRiVlgiRRLi
sVVRV|mssV. s[sV FsLiR s[gRiLigS xmsLRiVgRiV d}qs @s
NRPWy @LiR s[gRiLigS xmsLjilgiRVRW ssV NRPLRis[RWLiVV.
ys RzmsLiRVN][sRLi @ryRLigS ][Lij. @xmsV[
FssL][ INRP @xmsLjiRVRV FsRVLRiVxmsT, y][, A LiRVso
FsRVL][! @s @Lji FyRV. s[sV FyLjiFsRLi Azms
A N][RVNTP FsRVLRiV LjigSsV. ys][ @s ssNTP Rgji,
sLjiNTP @s[ FyLjiFsRLi sVVRV|msLiVV. sRLi[
sVsLi s[LRiVN][y=s FyhRiLi B[. RVLiNRPLRi\sVs ys
FsRVL][LiT! \LRiLi][ FsRVL][LiT!
sVL]NRP s[Vys B FyLRiV: xmss sVLi RzmsLiRV
N][s RLi y*LS sVs LRiVsoR R sjLiRVN][[s VV!
xmssRVRLi Fsg][ s[LRiVN][sRLi y*LSs[ ys
sLRi*QQLjiLiRgRiLi!
BLiRsLRiNRPW rygjis sZaP xt[ sQ INRP sxtsQR Ws [Li
[xqsVLij. @[sVLi[ c sRVsLiRV\s sVsztsQ
xqssVryRNRP\ sVs xmsLjizqs RVsV FsRVL]s[LiRVNRPV
42
@sqx sLRi\sVs Dy=s sLiRVgS NRPgji DLiRV. @sosV!

Dy=xLi @RVR \ sVs xmssV [zqs|msRVRVLij. @j
dsVNRPV GsV ryj Li|msgRi][ BxmsVRV RWyLi!
13
Dy=xLi
Dy=xsVs[j INRP sWszqsNRP ORPQLi. ys

xqsRVLi][ sVsztsQ sxqsVgRiV LiRNRPVLiy, NRPxts Qxmsyss
@sVN][NPR VLiy G xmss\sy ryj LiRgRiVgRiVyRV.
szmsV ARVN][s RLi dsVLRiV RWaSLRiV NRPy! y
FsLiR Dy=xLigS DLiL][ gRisVsLiyLS! yLji Dqx sLi,
Dy=xLi RW}qs, RWxmsLRiVNRPV NRPWy @[ LRiNRP\ sVs aRPNTP
NRPVgRiVRVLij. Dy=xLi @s[j INRP @LiVyj Lij!
sVLi xmsssVLiRVTNTP Dy=xLi @s[j INRP RxmssxqsLji
ORPQsVs gRisk R[ }msL]sTLij. R XRVy=x
qx ssVs*RM ... ... NRPLS ryQ*NRP DR[ c sVLi mx sssVLiRVRV
sNRPRRsLi, Dy=xLi @s[ ORPQsV NRPgjisoLiRV.
FssRWzqsRWsV @s[ ALigiR xmsRLi[ c Fss c
jWqs @Li[ [xms c [s oRV @s @LiR Li. sVL]NRPsW[ FyLi[ @j sVsztsQ[ sQQNPU N PR LjiLiRysNTP
43
dsVgS Ds \sy*s qx sWxqsVLij. ss[NSsLiR ry*sV

[R sNRPV Bj y RgiR LRigS DsV NRPszmsrLij
RWaSLS! ss[NSsLiR ry*sV, sVsztsQ[ sVVLiRVgSs[
sOTPQxmsQ\ sVsos jsy*s sNTPdzqs, LRiWxmsojR Rs[V
sRgRisVLi. ys sVs sRLi[s xmsxmss[s W
xmsLiLixms RW @s [j LiyLRiV NRPy!
INRP xmsRLi WgRixqsWRLi[ DsR AyNRP
ryR ssV @xqsLi RVysNTP qx sLi][tx sQLi INRP FyRsVNRP
@sxqsLRiLi @s xmsTLij. xqsLi][xtsQLigS DLiRRLi INRP
sVLi sQQNPT R *LiVVNRP ORPQLi. @j [NPR F[ sVsztsQs
L][gij zts QyRs zmsssRV. AyNRP sysNTP
@RsxqsLRi\ sVs y[ xqsLi][uys INRPgS ss[NSsLiR
ry*sV }msL]yLRiV. ARVs B FyLRiV:
dsVLRiV AyNRP\sVs xmsgRi ryjxqsVyLRisysNTP
sVVsVVR xqsWRs dsVLRiV xqsLi][xtsQLigS DLiRRs[V. INRP
sVsztsQ GRVxmsosVVLi][ DLi[ @j @LRiyj
NSs[sW NSds sVRLi sWRLi NSRV. AsLiRLigS DsV
@sV W LiRRLi ryQ*NRP xqs*sLi. ryQ*NRPxmsoLRiVxtsvTNTP
@ds xqsLi][xtsQNPR LRiLigSs[ DLiLiVV. Bj NRPgjisxmsVRV dsVLRiV
AyNRPLigS xmsoL][gRi ryjxqsVyLRis VN][sRV.
44
@s R W RsWgRiVLi (RsVxqsV=) ss[ NRPVgRiVyLiVV

NRPsVNRP ys RxmsNRP sjLiRVN][y. LRiLRiRVRW,
sVLiTxms[ xqs*sLi RsVxqsV=s NRPVgRiVRVLij.
[}msRVV, RNRPs aRPLkiLRirxtsQsLi NRPgjisyLRiV,
AL][gRisLiRVV, \LRisLiRVV @LiVVs RVVsR c dslLi[
WgRiVV NSsysNTP @L>RiR NRPgjisyLRiV. WgjiNTP xmsk
AsLiys[[. @LiRLRiV sWsso sVVW @RTNTP
AsLiys NRPgjiLi[s[. RLSRVQ\s sVsztsQNTP @j INRP
ORPQLi. RVMsVs[j @RLRixmssLRisss[ NRPVgRiVRVLij
NSds sVL]NRPyss NSRV. dsVNRPV A sVVsVV][
(GRVxmso sVV][) DLiRszqss xmss GsV? @j
|mnsWLRiLi! sVV sVVs[V NRPsVNRP DLi[ A L][ RVNTP
FNRPVLiy dsV gRij[s[ RVxmsoV gjiLiRVNRPVs NRPWL][LiT!
C L][gSs RV xmsxmsLiysNTP @LiLi[LiRVNRPV dsVZNP[sV
xNRPVLij? dsV sVsxqsV= dsVNRPV ry*kssVLiVVsxmsVRV,
sVVRLi aRPLkiLRis[V dsV @RVxmso[NTP sxqsVLij. @xmsVRV dsVLRiV
(aRPLkiLRisVs[) C RVLiysNTP sxqsVgS DLiRLRiV. A
RVLiRs[V dsV sxqs @soRVLij. C RVLiRLi sVs
ARsV NTPLijNTP gRiysNTP RVV ysNTP INRP
@RVRsV\sVs xqsRVNSLjigS RRWLRisoRVLij.
45
sVygSLik INRP][, dsV sVVLi dsVR

LRiVsso* RLjiLiRsLiRsLRiNRPW dsV sxqsQyLRi xmspLji
@LiVVsV NSRV! @s FyLRiV.
NS sVsLi Dy=xLigS, xqsLi][xtsQLigS DLiRRLi
@sLRiRVN][y. @j sVs xqs*sLigS sWlLi[ NRPXztsQ
RW.
14
xqsLi][xtsQLi - xmsWyV
sVsLi ssLigS, xqsLi][xtsQLigS DLiRRLi s[LiR VN][y.

@j sVsNRPV xqsRVxmsRRs[V NSNRP ][ yLjiNTP NRPWy
xmsWsLi NRPgjixqsVLij. INRP sVsztsQ D[NPR Li][
DyRsVN][LiT. dsVLRiV xmsaSLiR\ sVs sVsxqsV=][ @R
qx sdsVzms}qs, A sVsztsQs NRPWy aSLiRmx sLRi[ xmsys dsVLRiV
RWxmsgRiVgRiVyLRiV. @RRV Rs sWszqsNRP xqssVfs
Ljigji F~Li[ sR LigS RVgRiVgRiVyLRiV. dsVL]NRP ryLiVVs
slLi b[ PLiRgRigS (dsVL]NRP standards maintain RW).
dsVLRiV dsV ryLiVV sVLi jgRiLjiFNRPWRRV. dsVLRiV [}qs
xmsNRP xmss xmsNRPyLjiNTP sWLiR RLRi+NRPLi NSy.
G][NRP[! xmsn LS*[R V[! @sV xmss[xqsW DLi[,
46
dsVLRiV VLRi|msNRPVLiy, Dy=xLi [NPR VLiy xmss

[xqsVyLRis @LiR Li. xmssRVRLi[ s\sVs
s[LiR LjiRysNTP (N_aRPsNTP) @LiR Li xmssVsV xmsaSLiRLigS,
NRPVRVLRiVgS, xqssVRWNRPLi][ RVRs[V! gRiR, @gRiR
sVs A[R sss[ NRPVgRiVyLiVV NRPy!
ks ryj LiRRLi Fs? sVs [R [ \ Rys,
Dy=s, Drys sLixmsRs[V! xmsoxqsNSsVLi,
}qszRVsVLi, NRPsVLi, xqsLigkiRLisVLi,
RWR[s VLi N]R xqsWQ Lij s, D[ s F~LiRysNTP
xmsRVLiRLiT! [}qs xmssV[ sVsLi FsLiR AxqsNTP
RWzmsxqsVysW ys N]RgS dxqsVNRPVs, sVs[ @LiR
FyaRPNTP ]NTPxqsRV][LiRs VxqsVN][s RV.
FsxmsV\y xqslLi[, NRPVsxqsgS, NTPLSLiVVNRPWdgS
RWLiNRPLigS xmssRVRLi sVLi sQQNPT R *xmso
|msLRiVgRiVRsV dxqsVLij. [LiR VN] [ xmsss NRPWy
AxqsNTPN PR LRi\sVs xmssgS sVVRVN][giR lgi[ sVsztsQNPT @xmsRVs[V
DLiRRV. @R @LiRLRiW N][LiR VRWs[ DLiLRiV. C LRiNRP\sVs
sVsztsQ NRPxts Q\ sVs xmsss [xqsVs xmsVRV NRPWy ysV
NRPtx s Qmx sRVRVyss, R mx sRVRVyss @sVN][R V. @LiVV[
NRPxts QLi[ DsxmsVRV R xmsRRLi xqsxs[V NRPy! sVLji
47
@ @sVN][NPR VLiy, Dy=xLigS DLiRRLi Fs

ryR sVsoRVLij? ks aRPsVxmsT xmssRVys
s[LiR VN][s RLi y*LS ryj LiRsRV.
15
@gji DLiRNRPLiT! c FLSRLiT!!
sVLiy FsxmsVRW R xmsRVRW DLiLRids,

R y G][NRP RVxmsR y*LS xqsLi][xtsQLigS
DLiRgRiVgRiVyLRis @Fx INRP DLij. @LiVV[
R y NRPWy R NRPV [s soyLRisRLi[ FsVsLi
xqsLi[sNUP yso[R V. @LiVV[ sVVRgS FssLRiV sVLi,
FssLRiV R @sj xmsaRP! RLS*R AyNRPxmsLRi\ sVs
sVsxqsR Q *Li DsyLRiV @LiRV [NPR VLiy NRPuyFys*RLi
sVsLi qx sLRi*ryyLRiLigS RW}qs sxtsQR VLi. NSds AyNRP
sxtsQR W [NTP FsyLRiV sRLi[ LiVVgS DLiW
DLiLRiV. FssLRiV FsNRPVs R mx sRVRVyLRiV, FssLRiV RNRPVs
R xmsRVRVyLRiV @s[j sVsztsQs VsztsQNPU sWLjiF[V
sQQNPT g iR R @FyRVLi.
sVVRgS sVsLi @Tgjis Gj sVLi, Gj RV?
@sQxmsaRPNRPV NRPWy xqssWysLi xmsVN][s RLi @sxqsLRiLi.
48
xmsxmsLiRLi[ Gk xmspLjig S sVLij NSRV, xmspLjig S R k

NSRV. INRPLjiNTP sVLi @LiVVsj s[L]NRPLjiNTP R j NSsRV.
sVLi AL][giR LigS Ds sQQNPT N PT HqsNUPLi Li[ gSs[
DLiRsRV NSds, VV, *LS][ R xmsRVRVs
sQQNPT N PT @j RV [xqsVLij. @[ sR LigS INRP VVRVso[
sRgjisj sVL]NRP VVRVso[ @yL][giR NRPLRi\ sVsj
NSsRV. Bj @LiRLjiNUP zqss sxtsQR Vs[V!
@[ sR LigS R mx sRRsVs[j NRPWy sVsztsQNPU , sVsztsQNPU
sWLjiFRVLij. R @Li[ GsV? sVs sVsxqsV=NRPV
sRs INRP @sV ys[ R @s xmsVN][s RV.
BuyLiVVuyV sVsztsQs VsztsQNPU sWLjiFyLiVV NRPsVNRP R V
NRPWy sVsztsQNPU sVsztsQNPU sWLjiFyLiVV. INRPLjiNTP R
NRPgjiLi[j gS ][[j sVL]NRPLjiNTP @ ][R NRPFsRV.
NUPyNSLRiVV gRiLi RLRiT yRWsVLi [ryLiR V.
@VsLi aSLkiLRiNRP aRPsV BRLRiVNRPV yNRPLRiLigS ][R sRV.
NSds A NUPyNSLRiVV xqsLi][xtsQLigS [ryLiR V. @[ sR LigS
ysryR sV sWsVWV yLjiNTP yNRPLRiLigS ][R sRV
NSds INRP ryR NRPVTNTP @ ][R so.
dsVLRiV [s\sy F~LiRRVRVNRPVLi[ ysNTP Rgjis
sVWLi Liy. xms ysNUP INRP s DLiVLij.
49
xmsryLki @j R[ NSssxqsLRiLi [R V. xmss NSsRV,

xmsRVRLi NSsRV, NRPxts QLi NSsRV. INRP xmsLkiORPQ[ DdL iR R
F~LiRysNTP INRP syLij FsLiR NRPxts QxmsRy][ VxqsV NRPy!
@[ A xmsLkiORPQ[ sgiR ysNTP LiRszqss s. NSds G
sR \sVs AxqsNUP [s sVsztsQNPT C R LRiW, sW, aRPsVW
@ssxqsLRixmso NRPuyVgS ][ryLiVV; C sVsVxtsvLiRLRiW
@ssqx sLRiLigS NRPtx s Qmx sRVRVyLRisV NRPVLiRV. sVLji A sVsztsQ
Rs sRLi[ g]xms AsLiys @sV sLi[xqsVyss
@sVNRPVLiVyRV NRPy!!!
sVsLi [xqsVs aRPsV @LiR sLiR\ sVsj NSyLi[ A
xmsss Fs RW[ N]LiR VxqsVN][s RLi @sxqsLRiLi.
INRP sVRVRV, INRP FyFyRVRV RRLRiLigRiLi ARVRVyLRisVN][LiT. FssLRiV lgiVryLiR V? FssLjiNTP gS As}qs y
lgiVryLiR V. dsVLRiV A A[ sVRV[ lgiys,
FyFyRVRV lgisNRPWRRs @Li[ NRPVRLRiRV. A
sVRVTNTP A A Fs Ay[ RVNRPF[ @RRV
JTFszqsLi[ NRPy! A[ lgisysNUP, @Rs
ryR Vy*sNUP G xqsLiLiR sVW [R V. BRLRi FyxmsLiNRP
sxtsQR WNRPV NRPWy B[ sLjixqsVLij. dsVNRPV G\y
RVNRPF[ yss NRPuyFysoyLRiV. dsVLRiV
50
sVLiyLS, R yLS @s[j s[lLi[ sxtsQR VLi. ryyLRiLigS

dsVLRiV sVLiygS xmsVN]s[yLjiNTP sRVsLiRLigS
sLiRysNTP NSszqss y sxtsQR WV RVso.
FyxmsLiNRP\ sVs xmssVV RVRLi Fsg][ y
VxqsVN][LiR V. @LiRVNRPs[ NRPuyFysoyLRiV.
Fs[ g]xmsxmssVV ryj Lis sVRV sysV
RWRLiT! y syV FsRVmx s][ sLiT DLiLiVV.
NSds ryyLRi\sVs sVsVxtsv sy[ @s
IRV]RVNRPVV DLiRso.
xqsLixms][ sVxys[Vs sVxys[Vs yxmsRM e
sLRi[ OUPQRV[ RLiRM s RV yLSgRiM NRP*` ee
g]xmsyLjis[ xqsLixmsRV sLjiryLiVV. g]xmsyLjiZNP[
AxmsRV NRPVgRiVyLiVV NRPWy. RLiRVTZNP[ |msLjigji, Rlgi[
RLiRNRPV DLiLiVV NSds sORPQ yNRPV @s[dsV DLiRso
NRPy!
g]xmsyLjiNTP NRPuyV NRPVgRiVyLiVV NSds ys y
jLjiFLRiV. yLjiNRPVs ARsaS*xqsLi, \ LRiLi yLji sRLi[ IRV]RVNRPVsV RVNRPVs[ [zqs, yLjis g]xmsyLjigS
[ryLiVV. ARsaS*xqsLi NRPgjis N]j sVLij sVsVxtsv
51
gSR[ C xmsxmsLiR RLjiR @s ss[NSsLiR ry*sV FyLRiV

NRPy!
NSds zmsLjiNTPy, RVxms[y, sRNRPVs
y @VsLi g]xmsRys ryj LiR[LiR V. sRNRPVs yLjis gRiVLjiLi INRP a]N[ PR Li DLij.
a][NRPrys xqsxry RVrys aRPys R e
js}qs js}qs sVWRLi AsaRPs s xmsRsV ee
sRNRPVsyRV xmsL][ s[ryLRiV RVMds,
sLiRryLRiV RWds FsRVL]LiRV NSds sgRi
yTNTP @ LRigRiRV.
Gj G\sVy L][Liy xmspLjig S RVMLi][[, [NPR F[
xmspLjig S xqsLi][xtsQLigS[ gRiT}ms sVsVxtsvV Fss*LRiW
DLiRLRiV. IZNP[L][[ N]s qx sLi][tx sQNPR LRi\sVs ORPQV, N]s
RVMs NRPgjiLi[ ORPQV DLiLiVV. INRP sVsztsQ
xqsLi][xtsQxmsRysNTP @Rs sRLi[s INRP xqsLi][xtsQNPR LRi\sVs
xqsLixmsn Vs gRiVLRiVNPR V sy, [s[[ ryj Lis sRVLi
gRiVLRiVNPR V sy yV. sVLji R V, ALi][ s
xqsLigRi[sV? @s NRPWy dsV sVsxqsV=[ xmso [ Ex[!
G][NRP RV LRigRi[][LiR[, LjigjiLiR[ @sVNRPVLi[
52
yV, ysVLij RVMLi[s W, ALi][ s[s W

sVVsgjiFyLRiV.
RV ExNRPV xqs\lLis sLRiVgRiVRV sVLi Ex[.
RVyRV RRs c dsVLRiV Fs A[}qs @
@soyLRiV. dsVLRiV sRWs gRiVLjiLi A[}qs
sRWs[ F~LiRVyLRiV. @xmsRWs gRiVLjiLi A[}qs
JsV FysoyLRiV. dsVLRiV xqsLi][uys gRiVLjiLi A[}qs
xqsLi][xtsQLigS DLiLRiV. L][Liy ALi][ s][
sVRsxmsRVRW DLi[ ALi][ s][ sLiTs sVsztsQgS
RRWLRisoyLRiV.
C sZaP tx[ sQsLiy RW}qs sVsLi INRP sLS LRiNRPV LSsRV.
@s R W, RVsxtsQR WW G][NRP xmsWys
][R VdxqsVNRPVs sVs RgiR LjiNTP sryLiVV. y sVLi sVsLi
Rgjis FyhSV s[LiR VNRPVs sVs sVss[V sVLRiVgRiVxmsLRiRVN][y.
NS ,[ sVsNRPV RV @sV yV FsLiRVNRPV FsRVLRiV
mx sRyLiVV? @s xmsaRPsV, @s sVs FsNRPTNTP dxqsVNRPVFgRiso? C [R V @sV sLi sVsNRPV GsV xmsWsLi
[NPR WLRiVxqsVLij? @s xmsaRPVgS sWLRiVN][y. xms
@sV sLi xmsLjixmspLiR R \ sxmsoNRPV, @Li[ gRisLiRVT \ sxmsoNRPV
53
sVsNRPV ][s RWxmsoRVLij. @[ sVs gRisVLi. sVsNRPV GsV

LRiVgRiV][LiRsj sVVLi NSRV. sVsNRPV Ljigjisys
sVsLi Fs DxmsWgjiLiRVNRPVLiVysVsj sVVLi.
sVL]NRPsW[ FyLi[ sVsNRPV Ljigjis ys][ sVsLi
Fs Li F~LiRgRisVsj sVVLi. sVRVLiRLRiW
yLjiyLji sy[ s, @xmsRW Fy\sylLi[!
NSds yLRiV RNTPTF[R V. A JsVs[
DxmsWgjiLiRVNRPVs sRLi[ sVd |\ msZNPjgji syLRiV.
ysVqs A* FsTqx ss sRVk Fys NRPsVg]yRV. ARVs
N]ss[ zmsn sVLi dgRisV xmsLkiOTPQLis RLS*Rs[ xqsLjigS
xmssRVgRigjis VsV RRWLRiV[aSRV. BxmsVRV
dsVLRiV ys sLiVV @xmsRWs @LiLS [NPR
sRVryR s N][xqsLi rygjiLis sLiVV xmsRVys
@LiLS?
G xmss @LiVVy, @j NTPNRP\ sVs\ y,
AyNRP\ sVs\ y ys[ xmsLjixmspLiR R ryj LiRysNTP
sRVsNRPVLiy sVdsVd xmsRVxqsW, R
NRPRVNRPVLiy aRPsVxmsRs[ ryR Li NSRV.
ss[NSsLiR ry*sV, INRP bdPLi LRiWF~LiRRLi[
RVMV, xqsVV xqssWs\sVs NSLRiNSs dsVLRiV
54
gRisVsLiRsRV. INRP sQQNPT y*s LRiWxmsojR RLi[ sVLiRVV xqssWsLigS FyVxmsLiRVNRPVLiLiVV. N]s
xqsLiRLS[ xqsLi][uysNRPy RVMs[V |msR gRiVLRiVsogS
xmss [xqsVLij. C xmsxmsLiRLi xqsXztsQLis g]xmsg]xms
sQQNPT y*sV xmsLjibdPxqsVs xmsVRV @Rj NRP xqsLiRLS[
}msRLjiNRPs[V rgRiLiNRPy FsNRPVs FyhSV s[LjiLiRds,
F~gRiRNRPy FsRVLRiV[ yLji[s @gjis
LRigjiLiyRVs xmsysNTP s[sV ryxzqsxqsVysV @s
xmsNSLRiV.
[s ossR NRPV [lLi[ sWLiR Li NRPuy][ sLiT DLiVLiRs
sVs VVxtsvV [j LiyLRiV. NRPuy[ @R LiNRPVs sVsLi
@sVN][NPR WRRV. @j [s ossR NRPV [lLi[ sWLiR Li NRPy! |\ msgS
Rs NRPV xmsLkiOTPQLiRysNTP [s oRV DxmsWgjiLi[ xmsR
@j.
C xmsLkiORPQs INRP NRPVT NTP [s oT dsVR sLigS NTP
DLiy, [y @sj VxqsVLij. ryR VxmsoLRiVxtsv syV
ksNTP RNRPs DyxLRiV. NRP dsVLSLiVV, yR
LSsVyxqsV sVsLiRLjiNUP zqss DyxLRi[. FsLi][
NRPzts QLis RLS*R yLjiNTP \ysV W NRPgjiLij. @xmsVRV
yLRiV FsVsLi AsLiys F~LiyL][ NRPy! sxmsLkiR\sVs
55
ANRP][ DsxmsVRV [ sLi RVRLiLi @sV sLi

@j!
NS INRP sxtsQR Ws dsVLRiV G N][LisVLi
RWryLiR sysdsV[ BRLiy AyLRimx sRVRVLij. dsV xmssLRis[
@sNRPy sVVLi. @sNRPy sVVLiRV A
NRPxtsQxmsRRLi @s[ sWsV aRPsVLiRRLigS sWLjisRVLiT. s[s V NRPxts QxmsRVRVysV @sNRPVLiy s[s V
aRPsVxqsVysV
@sLiT!
@xmsVRV
@j
@LiR sLiRsVsoRVLij. A aRPsVLiRRs[V dsV xmsoL][giR NTP
yLjidxqsVLij.
FsxmsV\[ INRP sVsztsQ @ aRPsVxqsW DLi][
@xmsVRV @RRV y ysW, ssVLRi+sW
FsRVL][szqs sqx sVLij. @ ssVLji+LiRRLi sVsVxtsvNRPV
ry*sNRPLi. NSds ss[y @LiRVNRPV zqsR LigS DLiRLRiV
NRPy! sVLji C ssVLRi+sV FsRVL]s[?
56
16
ssVLRi+V
ssVLRi+ @Li[ GsV? INRP sQQNPT sgSds, INRP xmsssgSds

RRV][ RWRNRPVLiy RxmsVxms[ ys ssVLRi+ @s
}msL]ssRV. ssVLRi+[ y LRiNSVyLiVV. G][NRP
xmss[zqssxmsVRV, [s[ ryj LisxmsVRV sVs FsLi][
N]LiR @sLijLiys @sVNRPVLisVV. NSds @sryLiR W
@sLiRs[ LSso. yryLiR V sNTPLjiLiR[ FsRVLRisoyLiVV.
ORPQdsVR sVs sVsxqsV @RVxmso RzmsryLiVV.
NSds Bj xmsryLki @lgi[ DLiRssxqsLRiLi [R V. sVsLi
A y[zqss sVsztsQ D a[ PR Li GsV[ VxqsVN][s ysNTP
xmsRVLiy. sVs GsVyLRis A[Li[ NRPy
ys sVLjiLiR [R VgS sZaP z[ tsQLiRRLi @sxqsLRiLi! @j A
y[s j Li[ sVVVsV ]gjixqsVLij.
INRP s[Vys zmssys ssLiT: ][ yLRiV RsdsVR
szqsLjis BVNRP][ gRi xmsoyjs sLjiLiRVNRPVs[y[
xqsXyRNRP\sVs sVsztsQ.
[sV= Fss B FyLRiV: xmsNRPyLjis dsNRPV
Rgjis gSRVLi sVso* [zqss xmssNTP xmsxmsn LigS ss[.
57
@j ds sVsxqsRQ*xmso xmsLiLi. y xmsssVVV

sWRs[V c dss[ @xqsV NSLRiss! xmsLiT xmsNS*sNTP
ss xmssV[ sVs FyLRi Li. sVsztsQ ys xmsn ysV
sWLRi[R V NSds ysNTP gRi NSLRisV sWLRigRiRV.
s[L]NRPRV [zqss xmsss sVsNRPV s NRPVgRiVRVsRs
@sVNRPVsxmsVRV, A s ssNTP @sRyRV [zqss
xmss[ [RV NSds ysxms sVs sWszqsNRP RXNRPRLi[
DLij. A s, A gSRVLi, A RVMLi sVsLi r~LiRgS
RRWLRiV [xqsVNRPVss[! ssNTP A sNRPLRi\sVs xmss, ys
[zqssyTZNP[ s [xqsVLij. NSds RsNRPV s LjigjiLiRs,
ysV gSRVxmsyss A[LiRVNRPVLiW sVsztsQ D[NRPLi
Lij, RVMs F~LiRVyRV.
AyNRPsWLRiLi[ Ds sVsztsQ @VsLi
sNRPLRi\sVs xmsss Rs sVsxqsV=[ FsVsLi @Tds
[sss*NRPVLiy @RVxmso [zqs, Ry*LS sVsZNP[][ s
LjigjiLiRs[ sLi sVs sVsxqsV=[s[ xmsoRVRVLiRs
xqsys sLRiWzmsryR V. @VsLi xmssNTP xmsxqsLijLiRRLi
Rs ryLiVVNTP RgRiRds, @j y RNRPVs ryLiVVNTP
xqsLiLijLisRds, A ryLiVVs ysV Fss][
yFRWsds @RTNTP VxqsV.
58
RsNRPV s NRPVgRiVRVLiRs[ sLi @Rs[ GsWRLi

[NRPFsRLis
RsZNPsL][
sRVysNTP
xmsRVLiyLRis NRPWy @RRV @sVN][RV.
sVsLi yLjiNTP @sNSaRPLi BsxmsV[ ][ yLRiV sVs
sWszqsNRP sRNRPV NSLRisVs*gRiLRiV. sVsdsVR yTNTP
DxmsWgjiLisVgS sVsLi sVxms[ sWV, [R V
ssNTP sVs\ sxmso gRiVLji|msTss[ NSso. INRPs[ @s
sVsdsVR yTNTP DxmsWgjiLiss[ @LiVVy @s ssNTP
ARW sVsVxtsv qx s*ys[ RV |msRVRVyRVs
sxtsQR Ws sVsLi sVLjiFNRPWRRV.
LSsVNRPXxts Q sVhSsNTP Lijs }mslLisNRPgRis xqsyQQzqs,
xmssysLiR ry*sV B[ A[RssV B [jLiyLRiV:
A sVsu, C sVsu sVsV R|msRs dsVLRiV
sLiRsRV. FsLiRVNRPV? FsLiRVNRPLi[ dsVLRiV xqsVsRLigS
DyLRiV NRPsVNRP! dsVLRiV ALiRLjiNRPLigS sLiRVVgS DLi[
A sxtsQR WssLids xms LiRVN][NPR VLiy DLiRgRilgi[yLRiV.
INRPryLji EzLi RWRLiT! dsV xqsLi][uys, sWszqsNRP
xmsaSLiRRsV s[L]NRPLji sWdsVR, [RdsVR
AyLRixmsRsxqsVylLi[! @s s sW[, {sR[,
59
@ss[V! @VsLi @sV dsVR sVsLi

xmsygSds N][xmsLi RVN][NRPWRRV NRPy!
sVs dsVR yT RVRLi y*LS Rs xqssVxqssV
INRP sVsztsQ RV |msRVRVsQ LiVV[, @Rs xqssVxqssV
sVsLi @LiR Li[qx sVNRPVs, @R LjiLiRRLi s[LiR VNRPVsxmsVRV
sVsNRPV ssVVNTP xqsVLij. A yRV @RT xqssVxqsVgS
gRiVLjiL iRRLis @xqsV xmsLjizqs s xqsLjigS @LiR Li [xqsVNRPVs
@RTNTP xqsRVxmsRysNTP dssoRVLij.
ssVLRi+sV FsRVL]s[ aRPNTP s |msLiF~LijLiRVN][s ysNTP
y xmsR RVVyLiVV. ssNTP A ssVLRi+s[ sVsNRPV
qx sRVxms[ sWLRiVN][s RV. dsV sWszqsNRP xmsaSLiRRsV
N][[NRPVLiy, sVsV, BRLRiV R [
xmsRsRVNRPVLiy ssVLRi+NRPV Fs xmsxqsLijLiy[
BxmsVRV RWyLi!
1. sVsV Fssl\ Liy ssVLji+}qs INRP ORPQLi AgRiLiT.
sLiRVgS gS {msLiT. dsVLRiV sWszqsNRP IT NTP
gRiV\lLisxmsVRV aS*xqssV @xqss xqsLigS, s[giR LigS dryLiR V.
sLiRVgS gS{ms sRRLi y*LS dsVNRPV AL][giR LigS
DsV ][R Rs[V NSNRP dsV ssVLRi+NRPVNRPV xqssWysLi
}mssVVLiRV N]LiR xqssVRVLi NRPVRVLij.
60
2. A ssVLRi+ sLigS dsV gRiVLjiLi [zqss[y? y

xqsLiRLS[ @VsLi yV sVs D b[ PLiss
NSso. NSds @s sVs dsVRZNP[ @s sVsLi EzLiRVNRPVs
sVs sRNRPVsRys RV|msVNRPVLiLi.
FyhRiaS[ sVsLi ks RLRiRW RWxqsW DLiLi.
DFyyRVVRV }msLRiVxmsNRPVLiy xmsL][OPR QLigS Vj zms[,
@xqsV RxmsV [zqssyRV DLiR[NPR RssVysV
xqssVLij LiRVN][s RLi sVVRV|ms , RVxmsTFyRV.
ssVLRi+sV RZNPRVNPR Vs ALi][ s LiRRLi szms
ORPQLi. C sWLRiV @ssxqsLRiLigS ssVLji+LiRTsxmsVRV
A sVsztsQ N][FysNTP sLigS dsVlLi[ NSLRisW @s
A[LiRVN][LiT! ssNTP A ssVLRi+NRPVRV Rs NRPVVLi
RgSys[, |msLjigjis LRiV s[ zmsNTP
@LRiVxqsVy[sW!
3. dsV ssVLRi+NRPVT yxRVsV, @L>iR RsV @LiRy
sRVysNTP xmsRVLiRLiT! NRPVLkiNTP, rFnyNTP [y
RVs xmsNTPLiyRV dsV BLis @sVLRiVNRPVs dLRiVsV
ssVLji+}qs dsVLRiV N][xmsLi][ Lij FsNRPLRi[R V c VV
FsgRiVLRis[}qs yV. dsVLRiV ryj Lis @sVNS ss[j NRPsV
dsV |\ ms @j NSLji ssVLji+}qs ssLiT. NSds dsV zms Fs
61
|msLiy[ dsVNRPV xqs B}qs ys xms LiRVN][s sxqsLRiLi

[R V. A xqsNRPV sVs[R V. dsVLRiV srys s sWLiVV
sNRPF[ @LiRVNRPV @RRV ssVLji+}qs @LiR Li DLiVLij
NSds dsVLRiV g][R NTP s[LiVVLiRVNRPVs LRiLigRiVsV @RRV
ssVLji+}qs ysNTP @LiR Li[R V. FsLiRVNRPLi[ @j dsV @LRiVNTP
xqsLiLij Lis sxtsQR VLi NRPy!
4. FsRVLRiVyTNTP jgRisR V! yss xmsgRi |msLRiVgRiVRVLij.
FsRVLRiVyTNTP jgRiNRPVLiy DLiRRLi sVs[ N]LiRLjiNTP NRPxts QLi
NSsRV. NSds A xmsRVRLis RxmsNRP xmsn RLi DLiVLij.
C sxtsQR Ws ssLjiLiRysNTP NRPR INRP DLij.
INRP gSsVLi[ RVVsRLixmsRVV sszqsxqsVyLRiV. L][
[y xqssVRVLi[ yLjisVR NUPRVV rygRiVRW
DLi[s. sVVLiRV LRi [ sLi [zqss RLS*R LRi [ sLi
RVRLi yLji AyLRiLi. y F xmsLjiuyLSsNTP
sWLRis[V [RV. sLjiNTP A LRi Rs xmsNTPLi
sXRVLSNTP Rs Rs sVVLRi|msVNRPVLij. A sXRVLSV
A xqssVxqssV @LRiLi [xqsVNRPVs AsVNRPV INRP xmsLjiuyLSs
xqsWLiLij. INRP s {qsry[ INRP sVLiRVFzqs AsVNRPV
B N]y yRsVs zmsLij. ys FsxmsVRV,
Fs dxqsVN][ys @TgjisxmsVRV A sXRVLSV, Bj
62
y xms[NRP\sVs sVLiRV. Bj NRPRVxmso[NTP FNRPWRRV.

ys [[ BLRi\s ssVVuyV DLiRVNRPVs RLS*R
DsVsRW. [ ysNTP sVVLiRV ks yy. NS
dsV LRiNRPV sTLiR[[VsVVLiRV [[ FxqsVNRPVLi[
sVLij! @s zmsLij.
C NRPR GsV xms[][Li][ dsVNRPV BxmsZNP[ @LiR sVLiVV[
dsVNRPV y @sLiRsV! [NPR F[ RRsRLi N]srygjiLiRLiT!
A {qsQ A sXR VLS xqsWRssV FyLiLij. CryLji
AsV LRi G][ NUPRV sVVRV|mssxmsVRV A LRi
FsRVLRiV xqssWysLi FysVNRPVLij. NSds
xms[NRPFLiVVLij. FsLiRVNRPLi[ AsV [[ A sVLiRV
DLij NRPy! @LiRVs AsV LRiNRPWy Rs yys
N]srygjiLiR[NRPFRWRV. N]jL][[s[ xmsLjizqsRVV
RNRPyLiVV. BR LRiW ARxmsLjibdPs [xqsVNRPVs INRPLjiNRPLRiV
@LRiLi [xqsVNRPVyLRiV. A\|mss A sXRVLSV A RVVss
zms A sVLiRV BNRP yRssxqsLRiLi [Rs zmsLij.
BLiRNUP A sVLiRV GsV[ zqsLiy? s
sVLids! A RVVs N]j }qsxmso sWRNRPVLiy
ELRiVNRPVLi[ AsV LRi Rs xmsR s sWLRiVNRPVLiRs A
sXR VLSV gRizLiLij. A RVVsNTP sWRNRPVLiy
63
DLiRsVs zms xmsWsLi [R V. NRPsVNRPs[ A sXR VLSV

A sV xmsWgjiLiLij c @j xmss[zqsLij!
5. dsV ssVLRi+NRPV D a[ SsV sZaP z[ tsQLiRLiT!
BRLRiVsV @gRi]NRPRLi y*LS ysVV |\ msZNPNRPgRisVs
N]LiRLji D a[ PR Li. N]LiRLRiV RsVsVysVV F~gRiVRVNRPVLi[,
sVLjiN]LiRLRiV BRLRiVsV AZOP[QzmsxqsW DLiLRiV. N]LiRLRiV c
ARxqsV, xmsLRisLiR c lLiLids [ryLiR V. RssV ysV
F~gRiVRVN][s RLi, xmsNRPyLjis AZOP[QzmsLiRRLi @s[s IZNP[
ysNTP sWLRiVxqsVV. yLji ssVLRi+V yLjiyLji
r~LiR RWs[ xmsLiryR Vs dsVLRiV gRizLismx sVRV
xmsaSLiRLigS DLiRRLi xqsV sVsoRVLij. yLjis RWzqs
xmsy. yLji [FysV RV|msRLis G sR \sVs
xmsWssVW [R V!
jsss $ aSLRiy[s, BRLRiV RxmsV
sxmsRLi s yLjiZNP[\ sVy IsgRiWLRiVRVLiy? @j dsVZNP[
s [xqsVLij. ORPQsVLiRRs[V RxmsxqsV=! @s [j LiyLRiV.
dsVLRiV ORPQsVLiR[NPR F[ NRPdsxqsLi sVLjiFLiT! sVsNRPV
ORPQsVLi[LiR ryR VR*Li DLiRNRPFsRV NSds NRPdsxqsLi
ys sVLjiFsRV NRPy!
64
C [R s dsVNRPV @LiRsLiR FsRV[ DLiRsVNRPVLi[

dsVN]NRP DyxLRi Brys V. dsV xmsNTPLiyLjiNTP y sVLi
xmsp][ DLij. dsV xmsp][ @LiR gS [R V. dsVL]NRP
NRPd qx sVNRPVs xmsNTPLi mx sp][sV gRisLjiNTP[ dsV mx sp][
@LiRLi BsVsVTLiRRV NRPy! @[ sR LigS ygRiVy s
dsVNRPV ILjilgi[[sd V DLiRRV.
6. ssVLRi+NRPVRV ss[ xmsoRVy[sW! sVs
ssVLji+Li[yLRiV
@LiRLRiW,
xmsryLki
RxmsVRVNRPFsRV. |\ msgS dsVLRiV IZNP[ ssVLRi+sV
sWsWNUP sLiVsQ LiVV[ ys[ N]LiR sLi
DLiRsRV NRPWy! syx xqsLiLiy gRiVLjiLis
sWszqsNRP\ sRVRV yNPR Lìi@s FnsV B FyLRiV:
sVsLiR sVsLigS ORPQLiFyV ss FsRVL][- [NPR F[
|msR ysV @soysVV?
NS , BVsLi xmsLjizqs RV[ ss @LigkiNRPLjiLi,
ssVLRi+NRPVNRPV sVsxqsV=[s[ NRPXRRV VxmsoN][LiT.
sVsV dsVLRiV sVLRiVgRiVxmsLRiRVN][s ysNTP xmsRVLiRLiT!
FssL][ zmssV, @gij xmsoNRPV RNSRV DLiVLij NSds
sVRRVLiRRV. @LiRVs N]j Fy LSzmsTZNP[ @j giR Vs
65
sVLiRVRVLij. NSds sVsNRPV sVRNRPWy DyLiVV NRPy!

@LiRVs sVsLi sVLiTxmsRNRPWRRV.
ssVLRi+sV G sR LigS [Lik sRW[ @Li
LiNRPs sRLi[s C xqsLixmsn Vsy*LS VxqsVN][s RV.
INRPryLji LiNRPs N]s |\ qssNRPRsV RLRixqsW DRL iR V*V
Lki [aSRV. [aSR QOPR VT DRL iR V*V RxmsV @s zqss
RVVR NSLRiRLji+ ryLis ys @sVVxmsLRiRysNTP
sLSNRPLjiLiRRs[V NSNRP, LiNRPs INRP sVLiRsV! @s
ssVLji+LiyRV. Bj ss LiNRPs sVLiTmx sR[R V. ryLis
ssV sVLiRsV @s DLi[ @j ss[Vs[sW! FsLiRVNRPLi[,
ryLis F~LRiFyV RVgS s[sxmsVRW RWR[R V.
s[s[FLiVV sxtsQR VLi GsV[ VxqsVNRPVLisV @s
ryLis NSLSRWsNTP s @RT][ xqsLiztsQLiyRV.
RxmsV VxqsVNRPVs, Rs A[aSs ssNRPV dxqsVNRPVyRV.
ssVLRi+sV xLiygS dxqsVN][s Rs[V LiNRPs VVNRP
g]xms ORPQ[ INRP.
LSsVNRPXxts Q sVxtsQs NRPV Lijs ryR Vso RVdaRP*LSsLiR
ry*sV INRP NRPR FyLRiV: INRPRV sVL]NRPT dsVR xmsLRiVsosxts QLi
yy s[aSRV.
66
A sVsztsQ GsV [aSRV? @s N][LiR V[ yRWj NSLji
BR xmsbPLiyRV.
A sVsztsQ ssV RsVXgRisVs RV @s
FyRV.
FsxmsVRV? @s yRWjNSLji @TgSRV.
lLiLi[ NTPRLi @s RVyRV.
sVLji BxmsyNS GLi[xqsVyso? @s yRWjNSLji @TgSRV.
Cs[ DRRVs[V s[y LiRVsosV RWaSsV! @s
RVyRV.
RWaSLS! sxmsVRV @RTNTP RV[R V NSds ys
xmssLi yL][ RLS*R RVxmsTLij. s[s V
xmsRLi[sVLi[, sVsLi Fs gRizrys Vs ysdsV[ @Liy AyLRixmsRVRVLij. @RRV lLiLiRV
xqsLisR=LSV ELRiVN][giR gji[, ys @LiR Li zqss RLS*R
NRPWy ELRiVN][s RV. dsVLRiV ys dsVdsVR
s[qx sVNRPVLiVyLS, [y @sj sVVLi. VR gRiysVRV
[j LisV Fssl\ Liy dsVNRPV B[ys dsVLRiV dqx sVN][NPR F[
@j B[yT RgiR lLi[ DLiTFRVLij.
67
@LiVV[ dsVLRiV, xmsRLi qx sV #s[V, RVRs[V NRPtx s QLi

@ssRV. @sosV. RsVsV gRiVLjiLis ssVLRi+sV
ssxmsVRV sVsVxtsvV sxqsQXx][ NRPVLigjiFsRLi
ryyLRiLi. NSds xmsxts Q\ sVs sQQNPT R *Li Ds sVsztsQ
BRLRiVgS NRPVLigjiFRV. @RTNTP ssVLRi+ N]sVVxms
Fs AFy[ VxqsV. @RRV NRPVLigjiFLiVVy @j
yyNRPs[V. @RRV sVd |\ msNTP [ryR V. @ ryR Li?
17
NRPVLigjiFRWLS? gRiLiRVs[zqs [sLiT!
INRP Li gRiLiRVVs[R VRLi dsVLRiV RWaSLS! RWaSLi!

ys[ g]xms sxtsQR VLi GsVVLij? @s dsVLRiV @ssRV.
NSds DLij. @j sVsN]NRP FyhSs s[Lij xqsVLij. C
xqsLixqsQXR a]N[ Ss RWRLiT!
Fy][2zms NRPLSxmnsW\M DRR[s NRPLiRVNRPM e
Fy[V z xqsVsXdyLi @ryLiVV[ sxmsRRVM ee
s[ZNP[zqs N] sxmsVRV Li Ljigji |\ msNTP[xqsVLij. @[
sR LigS sVLiyLjiNTP @FyRWV, ]VFyV aSaRP*RLigS
NRPVgRiso.
68
ss[NSsLiR ry*sV, s\sVs g]xmsRsLi \|msNTP

[sRLi[ [RV NSds NTPLiRxmsTs xmsryLki \|msNTP [sRLi[
DLij! @s FyLRiV.
ksNTP sLRiVR LigS INRP sV Lis RWRLiT! INRPryLji
s[ZNP[zqs N]T[ yV. @j sVLji |\ msNTP [s RV. NSds LRiLRiV
Li @ NSRV. NSLRiryR NRPVV LRiLRiVLiRVLi
yLRiV. y NTPLiRxmsR xmsryLki INRP gRiLiRV][ |\ msNTP
[ryLiR V.
dsVNRPV GsV LjigjiLiRsj sVVLi NSRV. Ljigjisys
dsVlLi xmsWsNRPLRiLigS sVRVNRPVLiLRisj sVVLi.
dsVLRiV N]LiRsVLijs RWzqssxmsVRV yLRiV @ss[
@LiR aRPNTP s VLiRLigS, RVLRiVNRPVgS Fs DLiRgRiVgRiVRVyLRis
AaRPLRiLi NRPVgRiVRVLij. @VsLi sVsVxtsvV
xmssRVys RWzqs dLRiszqsLi[. yLRiV RsV xmsss
Fs @sVLRiVNRPVyL][ RW}qs @j y xqsV LigS
NRPszmsxqsVLij. dsV xmsss Fs GLSV [xqsVNRPVLiLRis
ysdsV[ @RLiy AyLRixmsRVRVLij. DyxLRiNRPV dsV
dsVR N]s xmsoxqsNSVyRVsVN][LiT. @sds NRPVxmsgS
xmsT DLi[ dsVNRPV NSszqss xmsoxqsNSs @sxqsLRi\sVsxmsVRV
dRVgRiVgRiVyLS? @Liy gRiLiRLRig][ LigS DLiVLij. NSds
69
ys dsVLRiV G][NRP mx sR [ @sVLjisoLi[ dsVLRiV ys

qx sV LigS dqx sVN][g- iR VgRiVyLRiV. @Li[NSNRP dsVR BLiN]s
sxqsVs oNRPV NRPWy ][V sVgji[j . N]s xmsoxqsNS
sxtsQR VLi[s[ xmsLjizqs B DLi[ BLiNRP sVsLi L][
y[ @LiRV[s sxqsVs o sxtsQR VLi[ BLiZNPLiR
gRiLiRLRig][ Li DLi][ xmsszqss xmss[s VVLij?
xqssVRWs xqsNRPsVLigS yRVNRPVs[ sxtsQR VLi[ NRPWy
B[ xqsWys sLjiL ixmsRVsRV. @LiRLjiNUP L][[
24 gRiLi[ DLiLiVV. NSds N]LiRLjiNTP y xmssVV
RVysNTP xqsLjixms[ xqssVRVLi ]LjiNTP[ N]LiRLjiNTP RsV
xmssVV ysVV [xqsVNRPVs[LiRVZNP[ dLjiNRP NRPRV. sVLji RxmsV
FsNRPR DLij? L][[ xqssVRWs dsVlLi F~LijNRPgS
GLSV [xqsVNRPVLiLRis ysdsV[ @Liy AyLRimx sRVRVLij. sVL]NRPsW[ FyLi[ sVVLiRV sVsV
dsVLRiV F~LijNRPgRiyLjigS sVRVN][LiT.
@sVLjiNS[ s[yLiR xmsyLRiLiN][xqsLi ss[NSsLiR
ry*sV [R sWgjiLiRTs xmsLRisWsLiR ry*sV B
[j LiyLRiV: dsV][ dsVLRiV qx sLij [qx sVN][LiT! sVs][ sVss[V
RVVRLi [xqsVNRPVLiVsLiRNSLi xmsoL][gRi ryjLiR[sVV.
sVs[ LigRikxqsVNRPVs, jgRiLRis sRLigS sVs
70
ysW, A[R ssW NRPsVk NRPLjiLiRVNRPVs, F~LijNRPgS

@sVLRiVN][y. @[ sVs ARLRi+Lixms sVs NTPds,
sNRPRRyds sLRiWzmsLiRVN][sysNTPgRi G\ZNPNRPsWLRiLi!
@Li LiNRPs, RssV xqsXzts QLis A sV[s oTNTP
ysV R ss ssV, RsNRPVysV sWRs[V sVsNRPgRis
ss[V sVsztsQs j LiRRLi y NRPxts QLi @yRV.
NSds sVsLi sVs[syLRisVs sLisxmsVRV
sxqsQXx[, R [ xmsRRLi RVLi!
18
sxqsQXx
sRsLi[ sVsRVW DsyLjiNRPs sVsLi

syLji-gSsW, {sVVgSsW, RNRPVs \ sxmsoLigRiyLjigSsW Ds NSLisVLi C sxqsQXx][ NRPWTs
RXNRPRLi mx soVNRPVsqx sVLij. RLRiVyR sVsLi sZaP z[tsQLi RW}qs
sVs RRLiRVV sVsLi GsV NSgRisVs AbPLiyL][ yLji
AaRPs[VLRiNRPV xmss RV[NPR FRWsVs VxqsVN][s RV.
[NPR F[ xaS sVss[V sVs AaRPRWsV
(@LiRVN][[s LiR DsRLigS FsLiRVN]s DLiRsRV.) sVLki
DsRLigS dxqsVN]s DLiRsRV. C lLiLiRV
71
mx sLjizqs RV[s W sLSaRP, sxqsQXx ][ NRPWTs R sVsNRPV

NRPVgRiVRVLij. @VsLi R NRPV ssRVsVV, xqssVV
sVLi sLRiVgRiVRV sVLiRVVgS mx ss[ryLiVV. ssNTP sVsNRPV
@VsLi sVs[R s yV zqsssxmsVRV
N]j Fy \ LRiLi][s LiVVy sVssV RWzqs sVss[V ss*RLi
s[LiR VN][s RLi y*LS INRP sso*gS A R sV sVsLi
dzqsFylLiRVsRV.
sxqsQXx @s[j Fs NRPVgRiVRVLi][, Fs mx ss[qx sVLi][
BxmsNTP dsVLRiV N]LiR @LiR Li [xqsVNRPVyLRiV. NRPsVNRP dsVLRiV
y|msRVRVs D[NSs gRiVLjiLi, sVsV
LigRikxqsVNRPVLiVs D[*gSs gRiVLjiLi sVLjiN]LiR
ys Bs*sVs FyLij LiRsRV. sVsLi ORPQsVLiRysVs xqsLigRis }qs RVsVs FyLiR s
RVsRV. dsV [[xms ysV xmsVN][giR lgi[ INRP
}qszRVT N][xqssW, INRP sVRXLiRLi N][xqssW
FyLij LiRLiT. sLjigS sVs gRiVLjiLi sVsLi
DsRLigS sLiRVN][ys sVLjiFNRPLiT. xqsLji\ Vs
ARg_LRisLi sWrysNUP, ry*LSsNUP ORPQ \ sVRWLRiLi[
DLiVLij xqsVsW! [s oT xqsXzts Qxms sVsLi NRPgjisoLi[
g_LRiys[ sVsNTP sVsLi BRVN][y. ysNTP NSLRiLi
72
NRPWy @[: (FsLiRVNRPLi[) ARVs sVs xqsXLiyRV

gRisVNRP, sVs g_LRisryR V gRisVNRP!
y xqsLiRLS[ JsV sxqsQXxsV NRPgjixqsVLij.
NSds g]xmsg]xmsyLjiNTP NRPWy JsVs LRiVRWRNRP
Rxms[R s sVsLi @LiR Li [xqsVN][y.
@xmsRWsV gRiVLjiLi dsVLRiV sxqsxts QLigS A[LiRgRigS. sQQNPT g S dsVNRPV NSszqssj FsLiRVN]s[ @sNSaSV
dsVNRPV Fss[ DyRVs dsVLRiV VxqsVN][giR gS. B
RVgRigji[, dsVL]NRP @sVWQ\ sVs FyhSs
s[LiR VNRPVsQ .[ sgRiyLRiV NRPWy FsLiRVNRPs JsV
FyyLRiV? ysNTP y NSLRiVLiRsRV. NSds JsV
@s[j @xqsV sxtsQR VLi NSRV c FsLiRVNRPLi[ @RVR s VV\s
yLjiNTP NRPWy JsV RxmsNRPFsRV. A JsV sVLi
sVsLi GsV s[LiR VNRPVysVs[ sbPxts Q\ sVs sxtsQR VLi.
sgRiyLji sbPxts QORPQLi GsVLiLS? s[LiR VN][s RLi.
Lì LSQLìi uy B FyLRiV: G xmsds
RVNRPVLiy gRiTzmss sysNRPy F~LRiFyV RVRLi[ gRiTzmss sRs[V FsLi][ g_LRisLiRRgjisk, xmsWsNRPLRi\sVsk!
73
sRVLi INRPsVV RWLRiLi[ [LjiF[ ys

@xmsRVLigS sLiR LiVVLiRsy? sLiR LiVVLiRNRPWRRV. A
@xmsRVLis sVsztsQ RLiRNRPVLiy Dyy, [y?
NRPuy sVVLigji FssNUP LigjiFs \ LRisVW, @sVNRPVsj
ryj Li[ aRPNUP (xqsLiNRP aRPNTP) A sVsztsQNPT DyRW, [y?
Bs[ @xqs\s sxtsQR WV.
ks [j Li[LiRVNRPV INRP a]N[ PR Li DLij. (ssNTP
sRLi[ xmsNRP xqsLiRLSsd ssLjiLi[LiRVNRPV
xqsLixqsQXR a]N[ SVyLiVV.)
NRPRLjiR ryzms R \LRisX[M
V[Lji*ya][ s z aRPLiNRPdsRVM e
@RM NRPXR ryzms RsWsFyRM
yRM bPRW NRPy[s ee
dsVL]NRP kFys RNTPLiRVVgS xmsVNRPVy ys
* FsxmsVRW RNTPLiRVV NSRV. @[sR LigS \sVs
sQQNTPR*sVW, @sVNRPVsj ryjLi[ aRPNTP (xqsLiNRP aRPNTP,
ByaRPNTP) Dsy Fss*LRiW jLjiLi sLRiVy=xxmsLRiR[LRiV xqsLjiNRPy NRPdsxqsLi @RgjiLiR[LRiV.
ss, NSLRiV, NRPLixmspLì sVVR\s @RVR sWsssRWsV RWzqssmx sVRV, yRVNRPVLiVsxmsVRV sVsLi
74
\ sVsVLRiFyLi. NSds C @RVyV FsLiR NRPxts QxmsT[

RRWLRiRWW sVsNRPV RVRV. yxqsysNTP
sVVsVVR xmsRVRLi[s[ GxmssNRPWy sRVsLiRLigS
xmspLjiN SRs sVsLi VxqsVN][y.
19
jgRiVV sWsLiT! xqsLi][xtsQLigS DLiRLiT!!
sxqsQXxNRPV Ds sVL]NRP @LiaRPLi LixqsW

NRPWL][sRLi! Ds xmsLjizqs s sVLRiVgRiVxmsLji[LiRVNRPV
Dy=xLigS xmsRVLiRysNTP RVV LjigjiFLiVVs
ys gRiVLjiLi sgRiRRLi. NSds sVsLi N]LiR sZaP z[ tsQLi
RW}qs sVs jgRiV[ ysLRiNRPW sVsLi xqsXzts QLiRVNRPVss[. sVL]NRPsW[ @s sVs Ex[ xmso ss[.
INRP ALigiR NRPsR[ ys y RNRPgS sLij LiyLRiV.
Ex[s[ sVs AsLiyds DyLiVV
@sVsWy[s[ sVs Rds DyLiVV.
Rs EgSy][ Rs ssRLi xqsLjiFNRPVy
sVsztsQ Rs sxtsQRV gRiVLjiLi
jgRiVVxmsRVRWs[ DLiRV!
75
qx sNRPsVLigS A[LiRRLi Fsg][ s[LiR VN][s RLi y*LS

ALi][ sxms[ @yVsV xqsLjijR sRV. C @yVsV
sjLiRVN][s ysNTP y xmsR RVVyLiVV. DyxLRiNTP
N]j L][ NTPRLi dsVLRiV [s gRiVLjiLi ALi][ sxmsyL][
gRiVLRiVNPR V RVN][LiT! yryLiR V dsVLRiV [s gRiVLjiLi
NRPLigSLRiVxmsyL][ ys xmsLjizqs BxmsV DLij @s
xmsbPLiRVNRPVs, A[LiRLiT. A qx ssVxqs mx spLjig S dLjiFLiVV
DLiVLiRs s[s V ssVNRPLigS xmsgRisV. BxmsVRV dsVLRiV
BRLRi qx ssVxqs gRiVLjiLi A[xqsW, A qx ssVxqssV yyxmso
sVLjiFLiVV DLiLRiV. sVLji NRPdsqx sLi gRiVLRiV|msVN][y=sLiR
sVs NRPWy [s xmsLjizqs s gRiVLjiLi @LiRgS ALi][ s
LiyLRiV NRPy! yss dsVNRPV NRPgjis xmsWsLi GsV?
ksNTP xqsLiLij Li LiRs ][ F[ a]N[ PR Li
INRPVLij.
yRWaRP LiyRWaRP LiRVsWR sZaP[xtsQRM e
y Rx sLkisLi Liy Rx sRM ee
xqsLixqsQXRLi[ LiRNUP, RNUP (aRPsRxysNTP }msLjis
NRPLSbP; ) [y sVR Ds xqsVy[V. NSds R
FyLi[s sVsztsQs NS}qs, LiR FysVVs sVsztsQs[
RzLi s[xqsVLij.
76
Bj FsLiR ssW RWaSLS! FsNRPVsNSLi ALi][ s][

sLiRRLis NRPRVxmso[ sV (@=LìV),
sWszqsNRPsT , LRiNRPF V sVVR\ s VV NRPWy
sryLiVV. C LRiNRP\sVs L][gSV kLiR L][gSs sVsNRPV VxqsV.
|\ ms a]N[ SsNTP @LiR Li @[!
INRP][ B yzqs DLij: ss dsVLRiV jgRiVVxmsTs
lLi[xmso C L][[!
N]sLRiNS ALi][ sNRPV Bj sLi NSNRPFsRV.
@s xqssVzqsFsysNTP N]LiR FsNRPVsNSLi xmssRV.
ys INRP NRPsVxmsR [ sZaP z[ tsQLi xmsLjixtsQLjiLiRszqs
DLiVLij. NSds sVsLi ALi][ ss zms[y[ FsNRPVs
gRiLi sVs sWszqsNRPxmssX dsVR, A[R sdsVR
AyLRixmsTss[! dsV A[R yxmsR s sWLji RWRLiT!
ALi][ s[ sWRV\sVFyLiVV. y xqsLiRLS[
BRLRiVV sVs gRiVLjiLi GsVsVNRPVLiL][s s sVsLi
ALi][ s LiRVysVV. NSds ss[VsVLi[ ysVLij
sVsLi @sVNRPVsV sVs @LiR RgiR LRigS, xqsWORPQ LigS
xmsLjibdPLiRLRiV.
sxqsQXx][ ALi][ s Li[ C @yVsV
sRLiRV-NPR Vs yLRiLiRLji[s W RxmsNRPVLiy NRPszmsLi[
77
INRP ORPQLi sLi\s xqsxqsWQ Lij . C @R LiNRPVsV

yysNTP yLjiNRPj xqsRVLi [xqsVLij. RsV F~LRiFyNRPV,
sRWNRPV R RsV xmspLjig S RsVdsV[ s[xqsVNRPVs[ A
N]j sVLij @RXxts Qs LiRVs[ sRLi[ @RVR s V
sRWV sLjiryLiVV.
s. T. LSNì|mnsLì sRVLìiRs RLiTs gRiVLjiLi
B xmsNRPLi [xqsVNRPVyRV: xmsaSyxmsLi][ ARVs INRPsW xmsVNRPgS s[sV ss[RV. ARVs RXztsQ[ LjigjiFLiVVs- ys gRiVLjiLi sgRi xmsWsLi [RV. sRsVLiy ARVs RìORPQ NRPLRisLigS sLis[sVLi[
c sys gRiV[}qs, xmsosLjiLjiLi[,
JsVgS NRPszmsLi[-ys lgiVxmsogS sWlLi[?
sRVryR s xmsRVyV, F~LRiFyV @s[
qx sxsWLSs @sVxqsLjiqx sVLiRs sxtsQR Ws gRizLiRRLi
sVsLi [R Vszqss sVVsVVR mx ssV[ INRP. F~LRiFyV
[aSsVs @LigkiNRPLjiLiRysNTP N]LiR xqsxqsWQ Lij @sxqsLRiLi.
@LiVV[ FsNRPVssVLij sy[ y AxqsLigS
[R RVLi NRPVgRiVRVLij. FsLiR R*LRigS F~LRiFysV
@LigkiNRPLjiLi, ys sVLjiFgRigji[ @LiR sVLij.
78
LS y[ FssVLRi=s sW[: gRiTFLiVVs

xmsL][sW xmspLjigS sVLjiFLiT. dsVLRiV RVgRigjiLij
dsVLRiV [aSLRiV. N]s RxmsVV, @LRiLi[s xmsRVyV
sxqs=Li[xLi-gS ][V[xqsVNRPVs DLiRsRV. ys FsLiR
R*LRigS sVLjiF-giR gji[ @LiR R*LRigS sVLjiFLiT. lLi[F~NRP
xqsLjiN]RjsLi. ys RNRPgS ALRiLiLiRLiT!
gRiLiFLiVVs sxtsQRWV R][ xqssWsLi. y][
NRPVLigjiFsLiR aRPNTP ][ dsVLRiV A N]RL ][sV FyLRiLiLiRLiT!
IT ][, gRiLiRLRig][ Li][ sLiTFRVs C xmsxmsLiRLi[ C xqsxqsWQ Lij y @sqx sLRiLi. C gRiVs RLRiVyR
gRiLi[ RLjiysVV.
20
xqsxqsWQ Lji
sso*[ AL][gSsNTP yLjiRVgRiss ss[V

@s[NPR sVLij yNPR LiR V, sWszqsNRP\sRVV, C LSNTP lLiLiRV
[NPR VV (R [NPR VV) s[xqsVNRPVs lLi[xmso DRRVs[V yNRPV Fns
RVLiT! @s xqs BxqsVLiLRiV. N]LiRLRiV \ sRVV,
sys @LiRgS xms LiRVN][NPR LiT! @j yyNRPLi!
@s INRPsW[ xqs BxqsVyLRiV.
79
N]s xqsLiRLS[, sVLjiN]s xmsLjizqs RV[ GsV

Fy[,
Fs
xmsxqsLijLiy[
dsVLRiV
sLiR LiVVLiRVN][[LiR V. @VsLi xqsLiRLS[ xmsLjizqs RV
sso*gS dxqsVN][s Rs[V sVs BLRiNSLi[s VLi
RV xmsRs[xqsVLij.
sVL]NRP |RLjiNRP! gRiR! xqsLi dsV @yL][gSsNTP
sNRPLRiLi! C @yL][giR Li sWszqsNRP\sVs[ NSsRV. NSds
NRPsVLigS dsV aSLkiLRiNRPLRiVgRiR NRPWy ysLRiNRPV @j
sRVLi RVgRiRV. sWszqsNRP, aSLkiLRiNRP AL][gSV
INRPys][ INRP sVVTxmsT DyRVs sLi BxmsVRV
xqsLRi*y @LigkiNRPLjiLiR-RV][Lij. @Li[NSNRP sVs}qs=
aRPLkiLSs sRVLixqsVLij NRPy! xms xqsLixmsn Vs[s W
[NRPgS dxqsVN][R gjisj INRP DLiWs[ DLiVLij. NSds
sVsLi ys RWR[NPR FysVV. sVsLi ys RWRgRigji[
ysLRiNRPW xqssVxqs[ DLiRso. sVsxqsVV [NRP
xmsRyLiVV. y xqsLiRLS[ RsVyLRiLigS B[
xqssWysLi, N] sV ssLjiLi[ xqssWysLi NRPy FsLi][
sVs.
@Li LiNRPs F~RVgSyRV @s dsVNRPLiRLRiNRPW
VxqsV. ARVs xqsgRiV @sVLjiNS [aPR xqs VTNRPy y
80
F~RsogS DLi[yRV. INRPryLji FssL][ ARVssV

lgi[RWsVNRPVs, INRP sVsztsQ NSV DLiRszqss qx s\lLis
F~Rso FsLiR? @s xmsbPLiyLRiV. sRVsVV sVLi
s[yNS! @s ARVs xqssWysLi FyLRiV. Bj A
@TgjisyT [LiR V sVWLiVVLiLij. xqsxqsWQ Lij N PT B]NRP
RNRPs yLSLi.
ss[NSsLiR ry*sV NRPWy @sVLjiNS[ BVsLi
xqsLiRLSsV FsRVL]sszqs sLij. NTPzts QR Vs
sVxtsQs Lki RVxtsQQyLSs @NRPR xmsNTP sVs[aPR Li
dsVR y @FxV DLi[s. FssL][ ARVssV, dsV
[aPR Li[ RVV RsV xmszqsR sVVxqsNRPV ALRiLigS
FsLiRVNRPV s[ryLiR V? @s xmsbPLiyLRiV. yNTP ssVysNTP
xqsV LigS DLiy NRPy! @s ARVs yyLRiV.
RWRLiT! @VsLi xqsLiRLS[ yjLi xmsWsLi
[R V. @VsLi sxtsQR WsV sso* xmso Li[ RXzts Q][
RWRRs[V xmsWsNRPLRiLigS DLiVLij.
@Ljiry, RssV RWzqs ysV sso*N][[s G
xqssWsVW xqs\lLis AL][giR Li][ DsV NSRV! @s
ysLiyLRiV. xmspLì LjiRLì Q= xmsLiyLigRiLi[ (Poor
Richards Almanac) LisVs FnyLiNPT s sso* xmso Li[
81
ys sVsNRPV @LijLiyLRiV. INRP DyxLRi: s[VLkiNTP

Rs[ s NRPgjis sxts Qs[VdsV [R V, FsLiRVNRPLi[ xmsNRPyLjiNTP
LRiVLSRVysNTP Rxms Rs [ s AsV FsxmsVRW
LRisRV.
RVVgRiRVVgSVgS mx sLiTRVV INRP LRiVsso*s sVsNRPV
lLi[dsV DLiRRVNSds y VLiRVs Vxmso
RVyLRiV.
BxmsyNS sVsLi RLjiLis xqsVgRiVNRPV NRPRs
xmsoyjLSLiVVgS INRP sbPxts Q\sVs aRPNTP @sxqsLRiLi. @[ xqsLiNRP
aRPNTP [y ByaPR NTP [y @sVNRPVsj ryj Li[ aRPNTP. @j
[NPR VLiy sVgjis xqsVgRiVsV |msLiF~LijLiRVN][[s VV.
@j sssVVNRPLij. C xqsLiNRPaRPNTP @Li[ GsV[,
ys |msLiF~LijLiRVN][s RLi Fsg][ sVsLi RLRiVyLiVV
gRiLi[ RWyLi.
21
xqsLiNRPaRPNTP
sVsVxtsv sy[s lgiVxmso, JsVV NRPRNRPV

LRiNRPLRiNS NSLRiV DLiLiVV. NSs xms INRPLji
sxtsQR VLi[s V INRP NSLRiLi Rxmss xqsLjigS DLiVLij c
82
C NSLRis[V qx sLiNRPaRPNTP. INRP sQQNPT Rs sRLi[ Gs[VLRiNRPV

sRWs ryj ryR sj @RRV Gs[VLRiNRPV xqsLiNRPaRPNTP s
ryj LiyRs ys][ VxqsVN][s RV.
A sR LigS xqsLiNRP aRPNTP s ryj LiRRLi Fs @s
xmsaRP xms INRPLji sRLi[s V @ sVVQ\ sVsjgS
ryOSQR LjixqsVLij. xqsLiNRPaRPNTP s |msLiF~LijLi[LiRVNRPV
@sqx sLRi\sVs bPORPQ sRsLi sVLi[ sVs sy sysLi[
INRP gRiLigS DLiy. @j [NPR F[ sVs sR ysLRiNRPV
sLRiLiR NRPLigS sVgjiFRVLij. RVLRiRXxts Qs aSRW, sVsLi
sRsLi[ xqsLiNRPaRPNTP s Fs |msLiF~LijLiRVN][y[
sVsLi s[LiR VNRPVs DLiRNRPF[, sRLi VVNRP G
zqs [\ sy, G sRVxqsV=[\ sy yss s[LiR VN][y.
FsLiRVNRPLi[ xqsLiNRPaRPNTP s DxmsWgjiLiRNRPVLiy sQQNPT R *
sNSrys ryj LiRRLi yyxmso @ryR Li. sVL]NRP\sxmso,
xqsLiNRPaRPNTP DLi[, xmspLjig S AaRPds sRVVNRPVs
xmsLjizqs [s VLi NRPWy sVs sQQNPT g iR R, rysWNRP
sy[ xmsVN][R giR sWLRiVsV ryj Li @sXj
LiRsRV. xqsLiNRPaRPNTP DLi[, GdsV[s xmsLjizqs RV[
sVLi NRPWy sVsztsQ @ss RRWLRiV[R VgRiVgRiVyRV.
83
qx sLiNRPaRPNTP [NPR F[ @Rs \sxmsoLi, gRiVgRiV FsLiRVNRPV

N]LRigSso.
NS sVs sy[ FsRVLRi[V L][yLki
suyyNRPV NSLRiLi sVs qx sLiNRPaRPNTP sxmsn Li LiRRs[Vss
sxqs=Li[xLigS sLSLjiLiRVN][s RV. sVs[ FsVsLi
sVLiRsLi, Li, g]xmsRsLi, RsVsV ysVV
sQQNPU N PR LjiLiRVN][s ysNTP ALSxmsRV-R VyW sVs[
ysVLijNTP RVRV. sVs[s {s\ sVs @LiaRPLi
sWRs[V sVsNRPV FsNRPVsgS VxqsV. NS xms sVsztsQNPT
Rs xqsLiNRPaRPNTP Fs \sxmsn Li LiRNRPVLiy DLiRVN][y[
VxqsVN][s RLi sVVLi. @ [R VysNTP sos G\ZNPNRP
sWLiR Li xqsLiNRPaRPNTP s |msLiF~LijLiRVN][s Rs[V.
C qx sLiNRPaRPNTP @Li[ GsV? ss[NSsLiR ry*sV B
[j LiyLRiV. xqsLiNRPaRPNTP @s[j AR, sVsxqsV=
NRPLiVVNRP][ GLRiTs qx ss[VsLi... C qx sLiNRPaRPNTPN PT NSLRiLi
bdPLi; bdPsVs[j sVsLi [xqsVs xmssVs, xmssVsV
(NRPLRis) RRWLRisoRVLij; NRPLRisV xqsLiNRPaRPNTP
sQQNPU N PR LjiLiRRVRVLij.
84
xms sVsztsQNPU FsLi][N]LiR xqsLiNRPaRPNTP (sVVLiRVgSs[)

DLiVLij. ys[ xqsLi[xLi [R V. NSds @j sVsztsQNPU ,
sVsztsQNPU sWLjiFRW DLiVLij.
sVsLi [}qs mx ssVs qx sLiNRPaRPNTP |msLRiVgRiVRVLij NS
xmssRVRLi Fsg][ sVVLiRV VxqsVN][y.
mx ssRVysNTP NRPsVbPORPQ NSy. NRPsVbPORPQ qx sLiNRPaRPNTP s
|msLiRVRVLij. NRPsVbPORPQ[s sVsztsQ Gxmss\sy
ryj LiRgRiy? NRPsVbPORPQ gRiVLjiLi sWT[ @[][
xmssNTPLSs sxtsQR VLigS sLi N][xmsgjiLiRVNRPVLiLRiV.
FsLiRVNRPLi[ ryyLRiLigS INRPLjidsVR sVL]NRPLRiV sj Li[[
NRPsVbPORPQ! INRP sQQNPT sVLki syTgS DsxmsVRV C
xmsxmsLiys qx sNRPsVLigS @LiR Li [qx sVN][s ysNTP @j @sqx sLRiLi.
NSds sVsztsQ Fsjlgi[N]k RsLiRysVgS NRPsVbPORPQ][
sRRVN][giR gS. yss[ xqs*RVLicNRPsVbPORPQ selfdescipline @LiLRiV.
INRP |msR sjs RWRLiT. @j F~Ligji
xmsLRis]NRPVRW BLRiVxmsNRP ysNTP, AzqsFyxqsVNRPW
sxts QLi NRPgjixqsVLij. A sjVVNRP aRPNTP s xmsWsNRPLRiLigS
DxmsWgjiLiRVN][R }qs ysN]NRP AsNRP NRP , A xmsys
@RVxmso[zqs, ys aRPNTP s sRVRQ NPT g S sWLRiysNTP
85
dssoRVLij. INRP sR LigS A sjVVNRP }qs*Rs V

xLjiLisV ][R sRV. NSds A sjVVNRP aRPNTP s
@RVxmsoRVRLi y*LS FsLiR g]xms xmsWsLi DLi][
RWRLiT!
@[sR LigS RVVsaRPNTP s Rgjis xmsR RV[ yLji[|ms
DxmsWgjiLiRVN][y. NRPsVbPORPQ[s RVVsaRPNTP (sQQNPT g iR RLigSsW, rysWNRPLigSsW) yaRPysNTP yLjidxqsVLij.
sVL]NRP\ sxmso NRPsVbPORPQ][ NRPWTs RVVsaRPNTP Fs[LRiNSVgS
DxmsWgRi-xmsRVRVLij.
RVVssyLiR V sysV NRPsVbPORPQ[ |ms [?
@sj ss[NSsLiR ry*sV FsLiRgS[ RLjiLis sxtsQR VLi.
LRiR[aPR xmso RVVsRsV D b[ PLi ARVs @s[NPR
DxmsyryyLRiV. ARVs B [j LiyLRiV: R R
sVVys dsV VdsV[ s[xqsVN][LiT! dsV RLSRNRPV
xqsXzts QNPR LRi V dsVlLi[s s VxqsVN][LiT! dsVNRPV NSszqss aRPNTP,
@sxqsLRi\ sVs xqsRVLi @ds dsV[s[ DyLiVV.
R R sVVRL i dsVdsV[ DLiRs INRPryLji VxqsVNRPVs
RLS*R dsVLRiV R R [NPR VLiy xmssLjiL iR[LiR V. INRP xqsV=sV
ys RVsWs RgRi[R V, NSds syLiR VV A xmss
RVgRiLRiV. FsLiRVNRPLi[ syLiR VNRPV A xqsV= VVNRP
86
R R RsVRs @szmsLiRRV. xqssVV [}qsxmsVRV

xmsV xms VR* AxqsVsV R *LixqsLi [R VRLi sVsLi
RWxqsWs[ DLisVV. @s ysVV Lis xmssV][
RRW\lLis AxqsV[s ds, ys LRiOTPQLiRVN][s RLi RsV R R
@ds @sgSxs [NPR FsRLi sss[ xmsV @ NRPsVbPORPQ
[NPR VLiy xmssLjir yLiR V.
sVLji C NRPsVbPORPQ FsNRPR sVVRsoRVLij? BLi[
sVVRsoRVLij. RRLiRVV RsV zmsNRPV sVVRgS
NRPsVbPORPQsV @sLRiy. @[ NRPsVLigS FyhRiaS[s W,
NRPaS[s W N]srygRiVRVLij. INRP sVsztsQ sRsV
xmspLji [xqsVNRPVs RLS*R @RsNTP NRPsVbPORPQ s[lLi[sLRiV?
@R @R[ NRPsVbPORPQ[ |msVN][y. LSsWRVLi[
{qsR @a][NPR ssLi[ Lij LiRTLij. @NRPR AsVsV
LRiOTPQLissLRiV? LRiOTPQyLi }qs*s bdP[s - AsV Rs bdPLi
[R s[ NSFyRTLij. @[ sR LigS xms sQQNPT sd @RT
bdPs[V LRiOTPQxqsVLij.
ss[NSsLiR ry*sV sVLi bdPLi VVNRP FysVVRsV
sLiR Q*LiRLigS yLRiV: R sLis, }msLRiVxmsxts Qs,
sRs FsVsLi xmsWsLi [R V. sVLibdPLi sWRs[V
87
RVry=R Q\ sVs NRPuy @R Vg][R xmsgRiVg]VNRPVs

sVVLiRVNRPV ]RVNRPVFRVLij.
sVgjis @s xqsVgRiV sWjLjigSs[ xqsLiNRPaRPNTP s
NRPWy Rgjis xmsR RVy*LS, @xqsLi y*LS
|msLiF~LijLiRV-N][s RV. xqsV #\ sVs @rysV
[xmsRLi y*LS sVs xqsLiNRPaRPNTP s NRPsVNRPsVLigS |msLiRVN][s RLi ryR xmsRVRVLij. sVss[Vj RWsVNRPVLiVysW, [s ryj Liys @sVNRPVLiVysW ys
}mssVLiRRLi y*LS xqsLiNRPaRPNTP s |msLiF~LijLiRVN][s RV.
sVs[aPR Li[ {qsQV xmsoLRiVxtsvNRPy FsNRPVs xqsxsaRPNTP
NRPgjisoLiRRLi sVsLi RWRsRV. sRLi[
IRV]RVNRPVsV, FsRVLRiVsV RVNRPVs[aPR NTP yLjiZNP[
FsNRPVsgS DLiVLij. @VsLi y DyxLRi
s[s V RWaSsV. NRPVVLiLi[ Fssl\ Liy sVLRiLisxmsVRV
RLiT N]s sFyV sWszqsNRPzqs sVys N][[[ R
sWRLi N]j L][[s[ sWsVWV sVsztsQ @soRVLij.
B LRigRiysNTP NSLRis[VsV?
ryyLRiLigS sVs[aPR Li[ {qsQ[ FsNRPVsgS [s VVV,
syV, DxmsyryV [mx sRVRW DLiLRiV. NSds mx soLRiVxtsvV
y @LRiVRVgS BVsLis [ryLiR V. BVsLi sy[
88
{qsQ @j NRPsWszqsNRPaRPNTPN PT ssVNRPsVs NSLRiV. sVsqx sV=[

NRPlgi[ \sVs N][Lij NRP, D[NSs sRVLiLiRysNTP
N]LiR Li @sxqsLRiLi. sy y*LS {qsQV @VsLi
s |msLiF~LijLiRVN][giR VgRiVRVyLRiV. @LiVV[ dss
@LiRLRiW ({qsQ, xmsoLRiVxtsvLiRLRiW) ryR s RVsRV.
22
xqsLiNRPaRPNTPs @sXj [xqsVNRPVs[?
sVVLiRV xqsV #\ sVs @ry][ FyLRiLiLiRLiT.

1. yLSsN]NRPryLji INRPmx sp [ sLi sWsLiT. sVVR
lLiLiRsmx sp [ ysNTP RVV s[lLi[ GRLiVVy ALRiLigS
dxqsVN][LiT. NRPsVLigS ys NRPWy sWssRVLiT.
2. yLSsN]NRPryLji INRPxmsp (xqsgRiLiL][) ssLigS
gRiRxmsLiT. RRsRLi[s W, ysLi RVRLi[s W A
xmsp gRiRxmsLiT. @ssxqsLRixmso A[R sV, @Li[ dsV][
dsVlLi[ sVsxqsV=[ sWRVN][s RLi sWsLiT. sR][ F~R V
xmsoRsR V. @j ssLi NSRV xqsVsW! yNRPV INRP xqsLixmsn Vs
gRiVLRiVNPR V srLij. INRPryLji INRP Buyg][zts Q[ ysVLij
NRPVxqsVNRPVyLRiV. yLji[ xmsyVgRiV xtsQV zqss INRP
sQQNPT sys FyxqsW FsVsLi ygSds,
89
sWRRLigSds RVNRPVLiy gRiTFyRV. sVgjis

yLRiLiRLRiW LiVVgS (yLjiyLji xtsQ[) NRPVLiR V
xmsVNRPVLiW gRiTFyLRiV. qx ssWs[aPR Li sVVgjiLixmso[ INRP sQQNPT ,
sVs }qszRVRV xmsyVgRiV xtsQ[ sys
FyLiyRV @s @R sVRVNRPVyRV. INRP xtsQ
}qss[ ssLi FyLiRRLi @LiR NRPxts QLi @LiVVsxmsVRV
y tx sQV zqssosxmsNUP ssLi FyLiRRLi FsLiR
NRPxts QsW gRisVsLiyLS!
3. , NS{msn @yV DLi[ yLSsN]NRPL][ ys
xmspLjig S sWssRVLiT. BVsLi @ry N][xqsLi s[lLi[
RV @yV [xqsVN][NPR LiT! DyxLRiNTP sssRLi
N][xqssW, DxmsyxqsLi N][xqssW zqsssW, s RWRRLi
FsLiRsWRLi sVLixmss NSRV.
C sxtsQR W[ dsV ZaP[Wxtsv\s }qszRV
xqsRVLi dxqsVN][s RV. yLji xqsRVLi FsLiRgS[
xqsRVxmsRgRiRV. NSds @LiRLRiW }qszRVV NSLRiV
xqsVsW! N]LiRLRiV ssNTP dsV sVLi D a[ SsV FyRV
[ryLiR V NRPWy! NS gRiR!
@sNUP sVLi, dsVLRiV [R V[[V @ry gRiVLjiLi
ARVLRiR][ FsRVLRiV RWRLiT! sVVLiRVL][ sVLi[ dsV
90
sVsxqsV=sV zqsR Li RVLiT. @xmsVRV dsV sVsxqsV=sV

@RVxmsoRVRLi xqsV sVsoRVLij. sys
sRVsLiRLigS xmspLji [}qs dsVNRPVdsVlLi[ G][NRP sVLi
sVhSLiVVs xsVgS BRVN][LiT! s[s V
xmsLSNSRRLi [R V! @j RxmsNRP xmss [xqsVLij. sVs
sVsxqsV= INRP szmsyT Lij. ys Li sVs
sW ss[ [xqsVN][y.
sVsqx sV= INRP s gRiVR Lij. G LRiLigRiV[ sVVLi[
@j A LRiLigRiVsV xmsoVsVVNRPVLiVLij. @[sR LigS
sVsxqsV=NRPWy xqsNRPV, A[R sNRPV LigjiFRVLij.
sVLi A[R s, \sVs A[R s @LijLiRRLi
y*LS sVs sVsxqsV=NRPV xmsLjixmsozts Q NRPgjiLi sVLjiLiR
sLiR\ sVs ysgS ys dLjijR sRV.
C sxtsQR Wds FsLi][N]LiR NRPsVbPORPQsV
@sLRiRVN][ys qx sWxqsVyLiVV. C qx s*RVLi NRPsVbPORPQ[
ARsaS*rys |msLiRVRVLij. C ARsaS*xqss[V
sRWs ryj Li|ms [ j .
ss[NSsLiR ry*sV INRP xqsLixqsQXRa]N[ PR Li y*LS A
ARsaS*rys sVsNRPV @LijLiyLRiV. kss RxmsNRP Rjs
NRPLihRixqs Li RVLiT.
91
NTPLi ysV L][jztsQ xqs[ R*LiVV xqsLRi* aRPNTPM

AsVLiRRVxqs* gRiss gRiRLi xqs*LRiWxmsLi e
\Q[NRPs[VRRLi RsFyRsVW[
A\Qs z xmss s RM NRPy` ee
J }qszRVy! FsLiRVNRPV GRVxqsVyso? aRPNTP @Liy
ds[s[ DLij. ds xqsxxqs*s\sVs jsy*s FsVlgi
zmsVso! sVVN[ SW ds Fyy sVVLiRV rygjixmsRyLiVV.
(FsLiRVNRPLi[) AR @s[ aSaRP*RLigS sRVRVLijgSds
RxmsyLRiQ\sVs C aRPLkiLRiLi NSRV xqsVsW!
sVs @xmsRWds NRPryLiVV[ DLi[s[!
@LiRVs @sds yyNRP\sVss. ssNTP ARVVNRP
ryLiVV[ jsR*Li Fss[ NSLisVLiRLigS xmsNSbPxqsW
DLiVLij. xqsWLRiVTNTP sVVV @R Li ssxmsVRV
N]j }qsxmso NRPsVsVLRiVgRisoyRV NRPy. Bj NRPWy @Li[.
N]LiR}qsxms RLS*R sVVV NRPjFyLiVV. xqsWLRiVRV
D*xmsNSaRPLi][ sVgRiVV sLRisVVyRV. sVs
sxtsQR VLi[ NRPWy @R LiNRPVs[s N]j NSLi sVs mx soL][giR s
AxmsgRis[sW NSds FsNSLi @ RV[s o. ks
92
sVsxqsV=[ DLiRVNRPVs sRLi[ |\ msNTPLSsysNTP sVsLi

NRPzts QLi xmssRW.
BxmsVRV sVLjiN]s @rysV RWRLiT! Bs
N]LiLi DsRryLiVVNTP Lijss. NSds @s RxmsNRP dsV
xqsLiNRPaRPNTP s |msLiF~LijLiRgRiso.
1. @ryys ryjLiRysNTP xmsRVLiRLiT!
@ryR sVs[[ [R s[j sVVsVVR sxtsQR VLi. @LiVV[

ys ryj LiRysNTP yNSLi xmssRV,
LiR\ sVs xmsRVRLi RVszqs LSsRV. INRP
sR \ sVs A[R s][ xmsRVLisxmsVRV @ryR LigS
NRPszmsLi[j sVL]NRP A[R s][ xmsRVLisxmsVRV
ryR sVsoRVLij. ksN][qx sLi s[lLi[*LRiV mx sR RV[ A[Li
LRiNRPLRiNS sWLSsV @s[*ztsQLiy. [NPR F[
sVL]NRPxmsR [ A[Li[yLji xqsRWs dxqsVN][s RV.
xqsLRi*ryyLRiLigS sLi [R V, NSRV @s sVVLiTgS
A[ryLiR V. NSds Fssl\ Li[ sWRsR*Li][ N]RN ]R
N][[ A[LiRgRiL][ ylLi[ sRLi[
sgiR VNRPVLSgRiVgRiVyLRiV. sxLì sx sRLi[
@VsLi xqsLixmsn Vs INRP DLij.
93
sx Rs sRsLi[ INRPryLji Rs }qszRV][
NRPzqs Li][ ARVNRPVLiVyRV. A Li INRP [RVgS,

xqssgS Ds gRiVLi[ xmsTFLiVVLij. @LiRLRiW A Lis
NRPLRi][s W, y][s W RWs xmsRVLiyLRiV NSds
xmsn RLi [NPR FLiVVLij. sxNRPV @NRPryRVgS INRP A[R s
sLij. ARVs INRP ZNPV sLiy dss A
gRiVLi[ FaSRV. A Li [ |\ msNTP sLij. }qszRV
AsLiysNTP s[VLRi[RV.
2. RxmssxqsLji @LiVVsys[ RzmsLiRLiT!
C xmsxmsLiRLi[ RxmssxqsLji @s[k [R V. sVsNRPV

G][NRP sxqsVs odsVR, sQQNPT sd VR AyLRixmsRRLi
@yLiVVFLiVVLij. ysNTP ][R V @j [NPR VLiy xmss
LRigRiRs @sVN][s RLi @yLiVVLij.
ss[NSsLiR ry*sV, C xmsxmsLiRLi ds N][xqssW, y
N][xqssW s[ RWRRLi [RV! @s FyLRiV.
xmssqx sVs oNRPW, xmssQQNPT N PU RVVgS sVL]NRP sqx sVs osV
[y sQQNPT s xmsNRPX xqssVNRPWLRiVN][giR RV. NSds sVs
sRNRPVsRsLi][ sVsLi [NPR F[ C xmsxmsLiRLi [R sVNRPVLiW DLisVV. Rs yso gRiRQRVsVs FssL][
NRPs @yRV NRPy! @RLiy sVs EgSss[V! sVVLiRV
94
C Ex \Vg][R xmsgRiVg]VNRPVs RVNRPV LRiLiT.

yxqsys RWRLiT. @Li[NSRV. @VsLi RxmsVRV
A[R s[Li, gRiLiRLRig][ Li[s VLi RVxmsRRLi
ss N]RxmsoLiR @s[*ztsQLi[LiRVNRPV @sNSaSV
LSsRV. Ry*LS sVs sysV sVLjiLiR
rgRisLiRLi [xqsVN][s RV.
3. RVLRiLRi\sVs ys[ LjiLiRLiT!
R R @s[j sVs VxqsLiy dsVR |ms s |msR

LRiVsoLij. ys sVsLi LjiLi dLS.
aSNRPVLiRLi[ sVNRPs NSyxqsV, LSLi qx s*xxqs
R XRRLiRsVs ARxmsRLi c LSsVs[j sVs[][
xmsVNRPVs g]RVgRiVLij @s sLij LiyRV. g]RVgRiV
sVs FsLiyys sVLi NSFyRVRVLij. @[ yss
sVsNRPV NRPlgi[ xmsWsLi. NSds A xmsWys
F~LiRysNTP ys sVsLi sWRVszqs DLiVLij. sVs
R R sxtsQR VLi[ NRPWy @Li[. R RVVNRP
LSs dsVLRiV sVVRW. @xmsV[ dsVNRPV xmsxmsn Li
RNRPVRVLij. A LSs sVVRVysNTP Bxts Qmx sRs yLRiV
R R][ xmssLjiL iR[LiR V. @VsLiyLjis xmsxmsLiRLi[
Fss*LRiW NSysVN][LiR V.
95
sVgRiVLRiV NRPzqs mx ss[qx sVs xmsVRV xmsNRPyLji xmssLRi s sV

xqszLiRszqs DLiVLij. INRP VNRPV yRVNRPVTgS
DLiRRsVs[j sso* NSRV. @j INRPLji yRVNRPy*sZNP[
xmsLkiORPQ. ss[NSsLiR ry*sV B [j LiyLRiV: rRLS!
yRVNRPVRs[y RRWLRiVRVRLi ryR sW? mx soVNRP][
yRVNRPVRV RRWLRisoyRV. dsVNRPV @LiR sVLiVVLiy! INRP
yRVNRPVT FyRsV FztsQLiRRLi y NRPxts QLi. yxqsVNRPV
yxqsV\ soLiT, sLiVV sVsxqsV=sV Rs[
BsVVRVN][giR gS. [aPR sWR\ sVy @xqsWRVgSds,
ry*LiR LigSds DLiRNRPWRRV. @xmsV[ sVso* yRVNRPVTs
NSgRiso.
NSds dsVLRiV G\y g]xmsys ryj LiRR}qs INRP
xqsLixqs gS, INRP VgS xmssRVRLi @sxqsLRiLi. ysNTP
yRVNRPVV NSy. sVLji @sVxqsLjiLi[yLji xqsLigRi[sV?
@sVxqsLjiLi[ylLi[ [NPR F[ FssLjiNTP yRVNRPR*Li szLiy.
INRP xmsss ryj LiyLi[ yxqsVTgS DsyRV s\sVs
yxqsVTgS DLiRRLi @sxqsLRiLi. RsNRPV ss ][s [
FysVNRPVs[yRV yxqsVTgS xmssNTPLSRV. BVsLi
XLiyV |msR |msR xqsLixqs [ NSsNRPLRi[R V. @j INRP
96
NRPVVLiLi NSsRV, INRP A{msn xqsV NSsRV, INRP xmsn Qo

V NSsRV.
4. NRPxtsQxqssVRW[ aRPsVLiRRLi sWsNRPLiT!
ysVLij N]j NSLi xmsRVLi sxqsQXx][ xmss

RVRLi sWss[ryLiR V. RsV [R gSsRysNTP G[
NRPVLiryNRPVV RWxmsoyLRiV [y ][ yLjis RxmsVxms ,
ysVV xqsLjigSs[ DysVs xqssVLij LiRVNRPVLiLRiV. NSds @j
xqsLjiNSRV. dsV xqsLRi*aRPNRPVW IT xmss[aSLS? C xmsaRPNRPV
ARsLiRs[s xqssWysLi NSy. LSsVNRPXxts Q sVhRi
sVxtsQs V xmsRs @R QOPR V\s dslLi[aPR *LSsLiR ry*sV C
NRPRsV }msyLRiV.
INRP JR xqssVVRLi[ xmsRWxqsVs j. INRP NRPVLRiyRV
xmssWRsaSRW ds[ xmsTFRWRV. @RTNTP CRN]RLi
VxqsV. @RRV CRVRW ds\|mss [VRVyRV. NSds
@R Fss*LRiW RWR[R V. y @zqsFRWRV. @LiVVy
AxmsNRPVLiy CRVRW sVVsgji FNRPVLiy [VRVyRV.
BLiNRP sVVsgjiFyssVNRPVs[xqsLjiNTP JR[syLRiV RWzqs @R
LRiOTPQLiyLRiV. @RRV FLSRNRPFLiVV DLi[, sLSaRP][ sVR [
CRRLi sWssoLi[ xqssVVRLi[ sVVsgjiF[Vy[.
97
NS , RWaSLS! sRVLi NRPsVRWxmsos[VLRi[

[NPR FLiVVy NRPWy aRPsVLiRRLi sWsNRPWRRV.
xqsLiNRPaRPNTP s |msLiF~LijLiRVNRPVs[LiRVNRPV @sxqsLRi\ sVs
sVL]NRP xqsVgRiVLi AaSsNRP RXNRPRLi (Fys
RWW`). ss[NSsLiR ry*sV RLRiRW [j Li[
ARsaS*xqsLi][ Bj [LiVV[LiVV NRPzms sVVLiRVNRPV
rygRiVRVLij.
FssLjiZ\ NP[ g]xms ARsaS*xqsLi DLiVLi][ yLjiNTP g]xms
xqsLiNRPaRPNTP NRPWy DsQ [ NRP. slLi[NPR ysLids
GyNSyRV sT|ms sVsxqsV=NRPV sVLjiLiR
AaSsNRP\sVs, Dy=xNRPLRi\sVs A[R ssV @LijLiy.
xmsNRP sLSaRP dsV[ N]Ra PR NTP s sLi}ms Es NSy.
5. AyNRPxmsLRiLigS A[Li[yLjiN]NRP xqsWRs
.zms. yry*s B FyLRiV: dsVLRiV

RVgRigjisLiR[ @RVRsVLigS xmss[zqs A\|mss dsV
xqssVxqssV [soTNTP xqssVLjiLiRLiT. ARVs[ dsV VVNRP
|msRgRiry*sV!
[soT xqsRWs N][LRiRLi gRiVLjiLis INRP NRPR DLij.
INRP NRPVLRiyRV INRP LRiV\ss LSLiVVs FsR[NRP @sxqs
xmsRVRVyRV. @Rs RLiT s @R RWxqsW, ds
98
aRPNTPsLiy DxmsWgjixqsVyy? @s xmsbPLiyRV.

@sosV! DxmsWgjixqsVysV! @s A NRPVLRiyRV
@xqsxsLigS RVyRV. @xmsVRV A RLiT, [RV
yRVy! sVso* ds xmspLji aRPNTPs DxmsWgjiLiRRLi [RV!
s[sNRP[ sT Dy sVso* y xqsRVLi N][LRis[[RV
NRPy! @yRV.
N]sryLiR V
xmsLjixtsQLjiLiR[s
xmsLjizqs RVV
FsRV\lLisxmsVRV, sWRV[s LRiVso FsRVN][s zqs
ssxmsVRV, sVs aRPNTP s Liy DxmsWgjixqsVysW?
@s sVs sVss[V xmsbPLiRVN][s RV. [s oRV NRPWy
sVsNTP xqsRVLi RVysZNP[ s[soyRV xqsVsW!
$ LSsVNRPXxts v bPxtsvV FsVsLi aRPNTP s @sV W
LiyL][ sLij xqsW ss[NSsLiR ry*sV INRP a]N[ Ss
LRiLiyLRiV:
NRPVLRiryLRiNRP RLRi*Li VssLi
DyRWsW ` e
NTPLi [ s syzqs @rys
LSsVNRPXxtsQ yrysRVsV ee
sORPQ ysV zmsLiT N]RyLi! sVV[NSsW
|msNRPryLi! s[VsVsLRisW RVy? LSsVNRPXxts Q yxqsVLi!
99
\ gRiLiRLi[ NRPWy B[ sR\sVs

[R sVyLiVV. [s o[ yNRPV @LiRgS DsxmsVRV yNRPV
FsRVLRiV s[sLRiV? ssV aRPNTP s VLiRV [}qs A [s os
y*LS s[ssLids ryjrysV! sVVR\ss.
23
sVVgjiLixmso
ss[NSsLiR ry*sV B [j LiyLRiV: sVLiRysNTP

yLji xmsxmsLiRLi[ @sNRPy FsNRPVs sVxms][s W,
sVNTP GyVgSsW DLiVLij. A yLji[ @LiRsVLij
lgiVF~LiRRLi INRP @RVR\sV[, @LiRsVLij
JTFsRLi[ FsVsLi sRWLRisVW [RV. sLiVV
]VFyy*LSs[ bdPs xqsVzqsLRixmsLRiRVN][y!
RssVysV ry*k sLi [xqsVN][s ysNTP sLRiLiRLRiLi
aRPsVLiRRLi y*LS sVsztsQ Rs sVsxqsV=[s xqsWORPQ Q \sVs
NRPVsVVRV @LiR Li [qx sVN][giR VgRiVyRV. @xmsV[ RssV
ysV ry*k sLi [qx sVN][giR VgRiVyRV. \sNRP\sVs C ss[V
xmsaSLiRR[ zqs LRiLigS s]NRPVNRPVs[LiRVNRPV sVsNRPV
xqsRVxmsRVRVLij. C sLi [NPR VLiy sVsxqsV=[
saRP\sVs xmsaSLiRR NRPgRiRLi ryR Li NSRV. N][Lij NRP
100
RVFnysV[ N]VNRPVF[VyLRiV xmsaSLiRR LSs[V[

gRisLiRVs rysWQ\ sVs A xmssRryys
qx sdsVzmsLiR[LiR V. INRP {sVRV [y @xqssVLiR VRV \sVs
xmsLixmsogRiVLSs FsNTPsxmsVRV, @j Bxts QLi ssV
xmsLjilgiRVR VLij. @[ sLiRVRV, xqssVLiR VRV @LiVV[ A
gRiVLSs g]xmss[LiR V][ @RVxmso RVRs[V NSNRP RsNRPV
ss jNRPVgS, RsNRPV ss s[giR Li][ sRVxmsgRiVgRiVyRV.
jsy*s F~Lijs, [y F~LiRVRVs sVsztsQ
bdPsNTP xmsaSLiRR RWysV Lij. @VsLi
sVsztsQ xqssj NTP ss yLRiLiRLjiNUP @j xmsaSLiRRs
}qsR dLRiVxqsVLij. BLiNS {sR[s W,
@sVsWsLi[s W NRPRxmsRVRW RxmsRVgRiVV
s[xqsVs yLjiNTP @j [R VWRsxqsVLij. RVMLi[ sVVsgjis
xmsn VTRV[ yLjiNTP LiVVs, ELRisV [NPR WLRiVxqsVLij.
NS sVsV dsVLRiV saRPLi [xqsVN][LiT! sVsV
sVVLiRVNRPV sRVxmsgRilgi[yLRiV dsVlLi[!
sW dM
101
RVs[V @s @sLSNRPW NSLRisVs, sLRiR VR*s[V

DxmssxtsQR V xqsLi[aPR sVs ss[NSsLiR ry*sV [j LiyLRiV.
sVs RWs sjLiRVNRPVs, \ LSs @sLRiRVNRPVs[LiRVNRPV ss[NSsLiR ry*sV xqsLixqsQXRLi[ LRiLis
NRPsy*s @LiR xqszRLigS FyhRiNRPV DxmsWgSLiR Li BNRPR
F~LiRVxmsLRiVxqsVysVV.
NTPysV L][jztsQ xqs[ R*LiVV xqsLRi*aRPNTPM
AsVLiRRVxqs* gRiss gRiRLi xqs*LRiWxmssV e
\Q[NRPs[VRRLi Rs FyRsVW[
A\Qs z xmss[ s RM NRPy` ee
(J sVRsW! FsLiRVNRPV GRVxqsVyso? aRPNTP @Liy
ds[s[ DLij. J ARxqs*LRiWxmsoy! ds jsxqs*LRiWFys
gRiVLRiV[xqsVN][! C sVWRV[NSW ds Fyy sVVLigji
rygjixmsRyLiVV. FsxmsVRW s xmsNSbPLi[j AR
INRP[ NSds RxmsyLRiLi FsxmsNUP GdsV [RV[RV.)
NRPVLRiryLRiNRP RLRi*Li VssLi
DyRWsW ` e
NTPLi [ s syzqs @rys
LSsVNRPXxtsQ yrysRVsVee
102
(sORPQ ysV zmsLiTN]gRiLi!

sVV[NSsW
NRPWNRPs[][ {msNTPs[RVgRiLi! s[VsVsLRisW dsNRPV
RVy! s[VsVV $LSsVNRPXxtsv yxqsVLi!)
OUPQM xqs kyM xqsNRPLRiV Li sVWy yM
yzqsNRPsQ*RsV @xx [R yyRVLSM e
FyFyM xqs dsLS gRiRRW @RVLi xmsuyLi RVy
AyzqsNRPsQ*RsV sVsVM LSsVNRPXxtsQyry sRVsV ee
(RsV [xs[V ysVsVNRPVLiW, ysVV ARxqs*LRiWxmsosVs VxqsVN][[s sVWLiR VV, s[VsVV ksVLi!
s[VsVV {sVLi! @s FsxmsVRW GRVxqsW DLiLRiV.
yzqsNRPR @Li[ B[! BxmsVRV sVsLi A RWsNTP
@dR\sVs zqs s [LiR VNRPVyLi NRPsVNRP BNRP|\ ms FsLiRsWRsVW
RVxmsRNRP kLRiVsVsoysVV. B[ s\sVs AzqsNRPR.
$LSsVNRPXxts v yxqsV\sVs sVssVV kss[ @sVxqsLjiysVV.)
{msy* {msy* xmsLRisVsVsVXRLi dsRxqsLiryLRiLSgSM
zy* zy* xqsNRP NRPx FyzmsLi ry*LRi zqsjsVe
yy* yy* gRiVLRiVsLRixmsRLi xqsLRi*NRP LRiWxmssV
sy* sy* xqsNRPVssLi FyRVsWsVLiRRWsVM ee
(C xmsxmsLiRLi dsVR AxqsNTPs xmspLjigS sT|ms, A
xmsLRisWsVXys ygRiVysVV. @s @sLSNRPW
103
sVW\sVs ry*LRixmsLRiy*s xmspLjigS sT|msRysVV.

@s aRPVNRPW xqs*LRiWxms\sVs $LSsVNRPXxts v RLRisV
FsxmsVRW ysysVV. xmsxmsLiysNTP sVd sVd
ssVxqsLjixqsW, B[ sWLSs dsVLRiV NRPWy @sVxqsLjiLi
sVVNTP F~LiRLiT @s A*sLiRVysVV.)
FyxmsLi RV\Q* R*yj sRsLi s[][RjLi sVjy*
RRLi RVxqs xmsNRPLRi[ xLjixLRi j [\sLRisV e
xmspLRiLi RVRV Fyry\lLiM sV yLSRVysV
LSsVNRPXxtsQxqssVLi R[ RRWLRiFyR sVRLi [M ee
(Aj, @LiRsVV [s s[RrygRiLSs sVjLiRgS
sVjLiRgS G @sVXRLi LiLi][, ys[ x,
sxtsvsV}aRP*LRiVV RsV xqssVxqsaRPNRPVsW yLRiFaSLRiV;
ys[s[ W[NPR -yLSRVV\s $LSsVVRV, $NRPXxts vRV
sVVR\s @syLRi-xmsoLRiVxtsvV RsV saRPNTPs yLRiFzqs
xmsLjixmspLRiLi [aSLRiV. @ RRW\lLis @sVXRLi BxmsVRV
$LSsVNRPXxtsQ LRiWxmsLi[ aRPLkiLSs RLjiLi @sRLjiLiLij.)
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Samasyalu

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xqssVxqsV

$LSsVNRPXxtsQ }qsy xqssV

xmsRsV sVVR : xmsRVV

qx ssVxqsV [sylLi[ DLiRLRiV. @ss[ G][NRP

sRxmso xqssVxqs @LiR Li [xqsVN][s ys gRiVLjiLi,

sR LigS FyV ds NRPzqss sVaRPsVLi[s VLi FysV

ss[NSsLiR ry*sV sWgSsNTP {mshjiNRP yxqsW B

sLiRgRiVgRiVRVyy @Li[ [R V. C @LiR sLiR\ sVs

qx ssVxqsV - ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs?

qx ssVxqsV - ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs?

FssLji\ sy xqslLi[, dsVNRPV AsLiRLi NSy? @s

qx ssVxqsV - ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs?

INRPryLji INRP yFyLji xqssVVRdLRiLi[ sT

qx ssVxqsV - ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs?

yFyLji: ds r~LiysZNP[ INRP mx sRs N]sVNRPVs, sVLjis

qx ssVxqsV - ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs?

AyLRixmsRRV. xqsLi][xtsQs Vs[j INRP sWszqsNRP zqs . rysVR

BxmsVRV BR LRiV syLiR V DyxLRisV xmsLjibdPyLi.

qx ssVxqsV - ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs?

NSds Bj A lLiLiRs syLij NTP @LiR Li NS[R V. @RRV

qx ssVxqsV - ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs?

Bj RWRysNTP y xqsV LigS NRPszmsLiRsRV.

qx ssVxqsV - ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs?

xmsryLki, LiRLigS DysV! @s RVs*LiT.

qx ssVxqsV - ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs?

xmsRVLiRRs[V sVsLi xqsLi][xtsQLigS DLi[LiRVNRPV

sRLixms INRP sVsztsQNPT Ds \slLi[ @Rs sRLi[

qx ssVxqsV - ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs?

B[sd V N]R sxtsQR VLi NSRV, sVsNRPV zqss[! NSds C

qx ssVxqsV - ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs?

RWLRixmsRWLi][ @zqsFLiVVs INRP ryLji

qx ssVxqsV - ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs?

@LiRVNRPs[ A s C gSsVLi[s sLi NRPWy @RRV

qx ssVxqsV - ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs?

N[ PR WRRV. xmsLjizqs RVsV xqs\lLis RXNRPRLi[ @LiR Li

sRLi[ ysVV RsRWzqss xmsLSRWNTP

qx ssVxqsV - ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs?

sxtsQR Wxms Rs A[R yxqsLRis sWLRiVN][s RLi y*LS

qx ssVxqsV - ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs?

sry][, Rs[s [VFys[ Rs gRisWsNTP

qx ssVxqsV - ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs?

N]LiRsVLijNTP @ds xqssVxqsVgSs[, @R LiNRPVVgSs[

qx ssVxqsV - ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs?

dsVLRiV s[VRdsVjNTP [LSLi[ sVV FsNTPFy.

qx ssVxqsV - ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs?

xqssVxqsV, @RLiNRPVV FsRVLRisoyRVs[ RVLi][

@RsVVLiVVsyLRiV G xmssds FyLRiLiLiRLRiV. xmsss

qx ssVxqsV - ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs?

xmsLjixtsQLjiLiy[ @RTNTP VxqsV. sVLji C xqssVxqs

xqssVxqs @Li[ GsV?

qx ssVxqsV - ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs?

Fs[ryLiR V RxmsVV [zqss RLS*R zmsyRV sRLi

qx ssVxqsV - ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs?

mx sLjizqs s Bxts QLi][, AxqsNTP ][ mx sLjitx sQLjiLiRRLi y*LS sVLjiLiR

sRVsLiRLigS sLis N]LiRLRiV B FyLRiV:

qx ssVxqsV - ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs?

[NPR F[ s[s[sd V RV[NPR F[Vy .

qx ssVxqsV - ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs?

{qsyN][NPR VNRP lLiNRPV FsxmsVRV mx spLjig S sRVNRPVLiRW,

qx ssVxqsV - ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs?

RRWLRiV[xqsVLij. xqssVxqs[ [NPR F[ sVsLi FsLiR LigS

xmsWsNRPLRi\ sVsss, sVLiss dsVLRiV

qx ssVxqsV - ys FsRVL][sRLi Fs?

INRP xqssVxqs FsRV\lLisxmsVRV ysNTP sVsLi Fs

dsVgS Ds \sys qx sWxqsVLij. ss[NSsLiR rysV