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1.1 Gii thiu Dn s v kinh t ca Vit Nam ang tng trng v pht trin dn n nhu cu v s dng ti nguyn thin nhin ngy cng ln. V th, qui hoch s dng t phi hp l l yu cu trc tin Vit Nam c th pht trin bn vng trong Th k 21. Nu mun ton b tnh a dng sinh hc ca quc gia bao gm cc sinh cnh t nhin, cc qun x sinh vt v cc loi c bo v, th ngi ra quyt nh cc cp, cc nh ti tr v cc t chc phi chnh ph cn c cc thng tin chnh xc v cp nht lin quan n tm quan trng bo tn ca cc vng. iu quan trng l cc thng tin phi c c s da trn cc tiu ch r rng, c ni dung v c chp nhn ph bin. Sch hng dn cc Vng Chim Quan trng hy vng c ng gp mt phn vo cng tc quy hoch bo tn Vit Nam cho Th k 21. Ti liu ny s dng cc cc loi chim lm sinh vt ch th xc nh cc khu c tm quan trng quc t v bo tn a dng sinh hc. Cc loi chim c la chn s dng bi chng c cng nhn l mc tiu bo tn quan trng v chng th hin l nhm sinh vt ch th tt cho tnh a dng sinh hc, thm ch i vi c cc nhm phn loi khc, c bit khi s dng xc nh mng li cc khu vc u tin bo tn1,2. 1.2 Mc ch ca Sch hng dn Mc ch ca cun Sch hng dn ny nhm gii thiu thng tin v cc khu c tm quan trng quc t i vi vic bo tn cc loi chim v tnh a dng sinh hc ca Vit Nam. Cc mc tiu ca cun sch l: Trnh by s liu v cc khu vc c tm quan trng quc t i vi cng tc bo tn cc loi chim v tnh a dng sinh hc ca cc nhm khc theo mt chun mc v khun kh r rng. Tr gip Vit Nam trong vic thc hin cc cam kt theo Cng c v a dng Sinh hc v Cng c v cc Vng t ngp nc c Tm quan trng Quc t. i vi cng c th nht l xc nh cc vng c vo h thng khu bo v, v i vi cng c th hai l xc nh cc vng xut cng nhn l khu Ramsar. Thng bo ti nhng ngi ra quyt nh cc cp a phng, quc gia v quc t v cc gi tr a dng sinh hc ca cc vng xc nh cc mi e da i vi a dng sinh hc v xut cc bc thch hp c th tin hnh bo tn chng. Xc nh nhng u tin c th cho hot ng bo tn v khuyn khch cc c quan ca chnh ph, cc nh ti tr v cc t chc phi chnh ph nh hng ti chng. Cung cp ngun thng tin s dng cho cng tc gio dc, o to v nhn thc v mi trng. Cung cp thng tin cc khu quan trng i vi cc loi chim v a dng sinh hc trong khun kh c th s dng cho nhng ngi xem chim v nh vy s h tr cho pht trin du lch sinh thi Vit Nam.

1.3 Thng tin chung v Vit Nam V tr. Nc Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit Nam nm trong vng lc a ng Nam , trn b bin pha ng ca Bn o ng Dng. Vit Nam l mt t nc c hnh dng hp vi b ngang im rng nht l 525 km v im hp nht l 47 km. Vit Nam c 3.260 km b bin v tng din tch t nhin l 330.363 km2 nm trong khong ta a l: 830' n 2322' v Bc v 10210' n 10924' kinh ng. Ranh gii pha bc gip Trung Quc, pha ty gip Lo v Cam-pu-chia3. a hnh. Vit Nam c a hnh rt phc tp. Cc vng t thp ch yu l hai vng bnh nguyn mu m ng bng chu th sng Hng (ng bng Bc B) pha bc v ng bng chu th sng Cu Long pha nam, hai vng ny c ni bi gii ng bng hp ven bin. Cc vng ni chnh ca quc gia l dy ni cao Hong Lin Sn ni c nh cao nht Vit Nam l ni Fan Si Pan (3.143 m so vi mt bin), v dy ni cao Trng Sn min Trung. Vng ni pha bc Trng Sn hp chy dc bin gii vi Lo. phn trung tm, dy Trng Sn m rng ra hnh thnh Cao nguyn Kon Tum. Sau cao gim dn v pha Nam ca Cao nguyn Kon Tum, cc khi ni pha nam Trng Sn li nng ln mt ln na hnh thnh Cao nguyn Lt. Hai Cao nguyn Lt v Kon Tum cng vi cc vng thp gia c hnh thnh vng Ty Nguyn. Kh hu. Vit Nam c kh hu nhit i gi ma, nh hng gi ma ty nam t thng Nm n thng Chn v gi ma ng bc t thng Mi n thng T. Lng ma cc vng chu th sng Hng v sng Cu Long b chi phi bi gi ma ty nam, trong khi vng ven bin min trung li b chi phi bi gi ma ng bc. Nhiu khu vc vng Ty Nguyn do nh hng ca dy ni Trng Sn khng chu nh hng ca gi ma ng bc v c kh hu kh hn hn cc vng khc trn c nc. Nhn chung, min bc c nhit thay i theo ma nhiu hn min nam, mc d cn nhiu im khc nhau gia cc vng. Dn s. Dn s Vit Nam khong 78 triu ngi, vi t l tng trng hng nm l 1,8%4. Khong 80% dn c sng cc vng nng thn4. Mt dn s Vit Nam l vi 235 ngi/km2 tng i cao hn so vi cc quc gia khc Sch hng dn cc Vng Chim Quan trng Vit Nam 1

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trong vng ng Nam 3,4. Tuy nhin, dn s Vit Nam khng b khng u, tp trung ch yu hai vng chu th sng Hng v sng Cu Long, trong khi nhiu ni vng ni dn c tha tht3. Mt dn s vng ng bng sng Cu Long l khong 500 ngi/km2, trong khi ng bng Bc B mt dn s gn gp i, vo khong 1.000 ngi/km2, cao hn hu ht cc vng khc ng Nam , ngoi tr o Java, Indonesia5. C tng s 54 nhm dn tc Vit Nam, trong s ngi Kinh (ngi Vit) chim 87% tng s dn c6. Kinh t. Vit Nam va mi chuyn i t nn kinh t k hoch tp trung sang nn kinh t th trng. Tng trng kinh t ca Vit Nam tng vt trong vng thp k qua, tng sn phm quc ni (GDP) hng nm ca gn y tng ln khong 350 la M4. Sn phm xut khu chnh ca Vit Nam l du th, go, hi sn, c ph, cao su, than v hng may mc4. Tr hng may mc, s cn li l sn phm nng nghip hoc ti nguyn thin nhin, v do nn kinh t Vit Nam i khi cn ph thuc qu nhiu vo khai thc ti nguyn thin nhin7. Mi trng. Tri qua mt thi gian di pht trin kinh t v tng trng dn s, chin tranh ko di dn n kt qu l ti nguyn thin nhin ca Vit Nam b khai thc qu mc. Hn nm thp k qua, che ph rng t nhin gim t 43% xung cn 29% tng din tch t nhin ca quc gia8, nhiu din tch rng cn li b thoi ha. S mt rng rng khp dn n thoi ha t, xi mn t, suy gim cc lu vc nc, hn ch ngun nc ngm v mt a dng sinh hc. Hn thp k qua, tuy Chnh ph Vit Nam vi s h tr ca cc nh ti tr, cc t chc phi chnh ph thc hin hng lot cc chnh sch nhm mc ch ngn nga v kim sot nhim mi trng, nng cao cht lng mi trng v khuyn khch bo tn v pht trin bn vng a dng sinh hc v ti nguyn thin nhin. Nhng chnh sch ny c th hin r trong Chin lc quc gia v bo v mi trng giai on 2001-20109. 1.4 Bo tn a dng sinh hc Vit Nam Cc gi tr a dng sinh hc. Vit Nam l mt quc gia nh nhng c mc a dng sinh hc cao. iu ny c th do s dao ng ln v kinh v v trong phm vi quc gia, kt qu l cc sinh cnh t nhin pht trin rng trong cc ai cao. Dy ni Trng Sn l ni lu gi mt s ln cc loi ng thc vt c hu, mt s loi ch mi c pht hin trong vng 10 nm tr li y nh: Saola Pseudoryx nghetinhensis10, Mang ln Megamuntiacus vuquangensis11, Mang Trng Sn Muntiacus truongsonensis12 v Th vn Nesolagus timminsi13. Cc vng ni vi pha bc v min Trung Vit Nam cng l ni sng ca nhiu loi ng thc vt c hu, c bit l mt s linh trng nh Voc qun i trng Trachypithecus delacouri v Voc mi hch Rhinopithecus avunculus. Cc vng t thp cng c ngha i vi bo tn a dng sinh hc v chng l ni sng ca cc loi ng thc vt c hu v b e da ton cu, trong mt trong hai qun th duy nht cn st li trn ton cu ca loi T gic mt sng Rhinoceros sondaicus14. Cc mi e da. Trong cc thp k qua, cc mi e da i vi a dng sinh hc ca Vit Nam tng ln ng k. Danh sch cc loi b e da ca IUCN 2000 lit k 245 loi ng vt v thc vt b e da ton cu c Vit Nam15, trong khi Sch Vit Nam lit k 713 ng vt v thc vt b e da mc quc gia16,17. Nguyn nhn ch yu gy ra mt a dng sinh hc l khai thc qu mc v mt sinh cnh. Vit Nam cc cng ng dn c c truyn thng lu i s dng ngun ti nguyn thin nhin. Trong khi, i vi mt s trng hp c th, vic khai thc ti nguyn thin nhin cho nhu cu tiu dng ti ch c th vn bn vng, th trong nhng nm gn y, khi nn kinh t Vit Nam m ca ra th trng bn ngoi, mng li xut khu pht trin, dn n vic bun bn ng vt hoang d gia tng mt cch ph bin lm cho qun th ca nhiu loi ng thc vt gim i nhanh chng, trong c cc loi ra, t t, gu v nhiu loi g qu him ang b e da. Nhiu din tch rng Vit Nam b mt do bom n chin tranh, ri cht c lm rng l 18, nhng nguyn nhn ch yu dn n mt rng l vic m rng din tch canh tc nng nghip, pht trin c s h tng, khai thc g thng phm, khai thc qu mc g ci v cc lm sn khc v s ph thuc qu mc vo cc hnh thc canh tc du canh khai ph thin nhin ca mt s nhm dn tc thiu s19,20. i vi h sinh thi bin v ven bin cng tng t nh vy, vi s pht trin ca ngnh nui trng thy sn, nh bt c bng cc phng thc hy dit v cht ph rng ngp mn ph hy cc sinh cnh t nhin. Tt c nhng mi e da ni trn u do tng dn s, pht trin kinh t lm tng nhu cu cc sn phm rng v tng nhu cu cc sn phm xut khu nh c ph, cao su v ht iu20. Hnh ng bo tn. Chnh ph Vit Nam thc hin nhng bc chnh thc u tin hng ti bo tn a dng sinh hc vo nhng nm 1960 bng cch a ra cc quyt nh thnh lp khu bo v (rng cm) u tin v bo v hng lot cc loi qu him nh H Panthera tigris v Voi chu Elephas maximus21. Trong nhng nm 1980 n lc xy dng c s khoa hc cho quy hoch bo tn, v nm 1985 cng b Chin lc Bo tn Quc gia22. Chin lc ny cng vi K hoch Hnh ng Lm nghit Nhit i xut bn nm 199123, tr thnh c s ca K hoch Quc gia v Mi trng v Pht trin Bn vng 1991-2000, trong th hin chnh sch ca chnh ph i vi cng tc bo tn v cc lnh vc cn u tin hnh ng 24. Trong cui nhng nm 1980 v u nhng nm 1990, Vit Nam k kt nhiu cng c quc t, bao gm Cng c Di sn Th gii nm 198725, Cng c v t ngp nc c Tm quan trng Quc t (Cng c Ramsar) nm 198926, Cng c v a dng Sinh hc nm 1993, v Cng c v Bun bn Quc t cc Loi b e da (CITES) 2 Sch hng dn cc Vng Chim Quan trng Vit Nam

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nm 199421. Tip theo vic ph chun ca Cng c a dng Sinh hc nm 1994, chnh ph Vit Nam xy dng K hoch Hnh ng a dng Sinh hc cho Vit nam a ra k hoch hnh ng c th nhm bo tn tnh a dng sinh hc ca quc gia21. Nhng nm gn y, chnh ph Vit Nam vi s h tr ca cc nh ti tr v cc t chc phi chnh ph tip tc nhng n lc ca mnh bo tn tnh a dng sinh hc ca quc gia. Nhng pht trin c ngha trong Chin lc Quc gia v Bo v Mi trng 2001-2010 v cng vi K hoch Hnh ng Mi trng Quc gia 2001-20059, vi s khi xng ca Chng trnh trng mi 5 Triu Ha Rng 1998-2010, mc ch phc hi che ph rng bng nm 1945 vo nm 2010, bo v ngun gen, bo v a dng sinh hc8. Vic thc hin Chng trnh trng mi 5 Triu Ha Rng c h tr ca cc c quan ca chnh ph, ca cc t chc ti tr song phng, a phng v cc t chc phi chnh ph quc t, thng qua khun kh ca Chng trnh H tr ngnh Lm nghip27. H thng cc khu bo v. T nhng nm 1960, chnh ph Vit Nam bt u vic pht trin mt h thng cc khu bo v25. Trong khi nhng s sp xp v th ch v lut php i vi cc khu bo v vn cha hon chnh, chnh ph ra quyt nh thnh lp mt s lng ln cc khu bo v v xut nhiu khu khc26. Phn ln cc khu bo v hin nay c quyt nh l Rng c dng l cc vng rng trn t lin, tuy nhin cng c mt s khu t ngp nc v khu bo tn bin25,26. Ngoi ra, c xut xy dng mt h thng cc khu bo v t ngp nc v khu bo tn bin, v mt s t cc khu ny c cng nhn trong cc cng c quc t26. B sung thm cho cc khu bo v, c mt s dng s dng t khc Vit Nam cng c th p ng mc tiu bo tn a dng sinh hc nh rng sn xut v rng phng h Rng sn xut. Rng Vit Nam c chia thnh ba phn hng qun l: rng sn xut, rng phng h v rng c dng28. Trc nhng nm 1990, hu ht rng sn xut u do cc lm trng qun l vi nhim v cung cp g v cc lm sn khc. Trong nhng nm gn y do sn lng g suy gim, nhiu lm trng gim hoc ngng cc hot ng khai thc, chuyn i cc mc tiu qun l sang trng rng, bo v v phc hi rng t nhin. Lin quan n mt s lm trng vn tip tc khai thc rng t nhin, chnh ph Vit Nam vi s h tr ca cc nh ti tr, cc t chc phi chnh ph (NGOs) v cc cng ty thng mi tin hnh mt s bc khi xng hng ti qun l rng bn vng Vit Nam, bao gm thnh lp mt Nhm Cng tc ca Quc gia v Qun l Rng Bn vng. Trong khi qun l rng bn vng cha c p dng bt c vng rng sn xut no Vit Nam, y l s khi xng c tim nng h tr cho cc mc tiu bo tn a dng sinh hc trong vng rng ny. Rng phng h. Rng phng h c qun l vi cc mc tiu c bn l bo v lu vc, kim sot xi mn, gim thiu thin tai v iu ha kh hu28. Trong khi c mt vai tr quan trng trong vic duy tr v phc hi sinh cnh t nhin, c bit cc vng ni, rng phng h khng c mt vai tr bo tn a dng sinh hc c th. Ngoi ra, vic thi hnh cc quy ch bo v rng cc khu phng h thng yu hn so vi cc phn hng qun l rng khc. Rng c dng. Cc khu rng c dng ch l mt trong ba loi rng Vit Nam c qun l vi mc tiu c th l bo tn a dng sinh hc28. Cc khu rng c dng phn chia thnh ba hng: vn quc gia, khu bo tn thin nhin, v khu vn ha lch s v mi trng28. K t khi khu rng c dng u tin - Vn quc gia Cc Phng thnh lp nm 1962, chnh ph Vit Nam lin tc m rng h thng rng c dng26. Nm 1997, B Nng nghip, Pht trin Nng thn khi xng vic r sot v m rng h thng rng c dng p ng mc tiu quc gia l 2 triu ha vo nm 201025. Qu trnh ny c s h tr ca Lin minh Chu u qua mt d n do T chc BirdLife Quc t v Vin iu tra Quy hoch Rng thc hin, d n tin hnh r sot h thng hin c v chun b mt danh sch cc khu rng c dng mi xut cn nhc26. Danh sch ny c trnh ln chnh ph ph chun5. n thng 9 nm 2002, c 121 khu rng c dng Vit Nam, bao gm 21 vn quc gia, 63 khu bo tn thin nhin v 37 khu vn ha v lch s, vi tng din tch l 2.382.735 ha c cng nhn. H thng rng c dng Vit Nam vn ang trong qu trnh pht trin v c phm vi v th ch. Mc d c nhng thnh cng v tnh i din v mc che ph nhng vic hon thin h thng ny vn th hin nhiu kh khn, thch thc. Mt s thch thc lin quan l vn vn, ngun vn u t hin ti cho rng c dng l khng v khng ph hp. Cn u t thng tp trung vo pht trin c s h tng v trng rng hn l cho cc hot ng bo tn nh lin h cng ng, gio dc mi trng v cng tc tun tra. .Nhng thch thc khc lin quan n quy ch qun l hin ti vn nghim cm mt s dng s dng bn vng ti nguyn thin nhin c th khuyn khch cc bn lin quan a phng h tr cho cng tc qun l khu bo v. ng mng l, nhng kh khn ny ang c quan tm tm cch gi quyt trong D n Tng cng Nng lc Qun l Khu Bo v Vit Nam do Danida ti tr, Qu Quc t v Bo tn Thin nhin (WWF) v Cc Kim lm thc hin, vi vic son tho mt chin lc qun l cc khu bo v30, v Qu Bo tn Quc gia l sng kin v mt c ch ti chnh ca quc gia ang c Cc Pht trin Lm nghip xy dng vi s h tr ti chnh ca Qu Mi trng Ton cu, nh mt hp phn ca D n Pht trin Ngnh Lm nghip trong khun kh ca Chng trnh H tr Ngnh Lm nghip. Cc khu bo v bin. Trong h thng rng c dng c c rt t cc khu trn bin, cc sinh cnh bin hin ti c rt t cc i din trong h thng cc khu bo v ca quc gia. Tuy nhin B Thy sn va mi c giao trch nhim thnh lp v qun l h thng cc khu bo v bin25 , v mc tiu ca chnh ph s thnh lp 15 khu bo v bin vo nm 201031.

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Cc khu bo v t ngp nc. Cng nh cc khu bo v bin, trong h thng rng c dng cng c mt s khu t ngp nc, nh vy cc sinh cnh t ngp nc hin ti cng c t i din trong h thng cc khu bo v ca quc gia. Cho n nay, t ngp nc cha c nhn nhn nh mt phn hng qun l ring bit. Tuy nhin, trong s 68 khu t ngp nc c tm quan trng quc gia c Cc Mi trng xut, c 18 khu thuc h thng rng c dng c Chnh ph cng nhn. C th l danh lc xut cc khu c bn ca h thng cc khu bo v t ngp nc sau ny. Trch nhim qun l nh nc v h thng t ngp nc vn cha xc nh r rng25. Cc khu bo v khc. Mt vi khu bo v ca Vit Nam c thit lp di cc cng c quc t. Nm 1988, khu Xun Thy ng bng Bc B c cng nhn l khu Ramsar u tin ca Vit Nam26. Cho n nay, mc d xut thm mt s khu nh Trm Chim, Thi Thy, Tam Giang - Cu Hai v t ngp nc Ct Tin, Xun Thy vn l khu Ramsar duy nht ca Vit Nam26. Vit Nam k Cng c Di sn Th gii nm 1987, v hin nay c 4 khu c cng nhn l khu di sn th gii l: Vnh H Long, qun th di tch c Hu, ph c Hi An v thnh a M Sn26. Nm 2000, Cn Gi c cng nhn l khu D tr Sinh quyn u tin ca Vit Nam. Sau Ct Tin cng c cng nhn l khu D tr Sinh quyn v mt s khu khc cng ang chun b c xut25. Bo tn trn c s cng ng. B sung cho cc khu bo v chnh thc, c rt nhiu khu Vit Nam ang c cc t chc v c nhn cc a phng qun l vi mc tiu bo tn a dng sinh hc. Trong s ny c: khu t ngp nc ven bin o H Nam, ti y thnh lp c mt nhm h tr vi s gip ca t chc BirdLife Quc t; khu di ngm Tro, khu d tr bin do a phng qun l vi s h tr ca t chc Lin minh Sinh vt Bin Quc t; v khu rng Ch To, nhm bo v rng cng ng c thnh lp vi s h tr ca T chc Bo tn ng v thc vt Quc t (FFI). 1.5 Khu h chim ca Vit Nam Kht qut. Vit Nam l mt trong cc nc c khu h chim giu c nht lc a ng Nam . Tng s cc loi chim ghi nhn Vit Nam dao ng t 82832 n 88834 loi. Tuy nhin, vic a ra mt con s chnh xc l khng th do mt s loi tng c ghi nhn trc y nay tuyt chng, v d Dic Xumatra Ardea sumatrana hay C qum ln Thaumantibis gigantea, trong khi , mt s loi mi li mi c pht hin b sung thm cho danh sch cc loi chim Vit Nam. S phong ph v cc loi chim c th do bin rng v kinh v v ca Vit Nam dn n hnh thnh nhiu dng sinh cnh tri rng trn t nc. Lch s nghin cu chim. Lch s nghin cu chim Vit Nam c th chia thnh bn giai on. Giai on th nht c th tnh bt u t nhng nm 1870 n 1920. Trong giai on quan trng ny, c b su tp quan trng u tin v cc loi chim ca Vit Nam ca G. Tirant35, ngi thu thp hn 1.000 tiu bn vng Nam B vo cc nm t 1875 n 187836. Cc b su tp quan trng khc do R. Germain thu vng Nam B37, N. Kuroda38 thu vng Bc B v C.B. Kloss39 thu Cao nguyn Lt. Trong s c cc loi chim do Kloss pht hin c Khu u en m xm Garralax yersini v Khu u en Garrulax milleti39. Ngoi ra, vn c mt s su tp nh hn ca L. Boutan40 v Dr. J.Vassal, trong c pht hin v loi Khu u xm Garrulax vassali41. Nghin cu hc thut quan trng nht v khu h chim Vit Nam c thc hin trong giai on ny l Les Oiseaux du Cambodge, du Laos, de lAnnam et du Tonkin ca E. Oustalet. Giai on th hai, bt u vo cui nm 1920 n khi Th chin th II bng n, nhng ng gp ch yu cho vic nghin cu iu hc Vit Nam do cc tc gi sau y thc hin: J.Delacour v cc cng s ca ng l P. Jabouille, P. Engelbach, A. David Beaulieu, J.C.Greenway v W. P. Lowe. Gia cc nm 1923 v 1939, Delacour v cng s ca ng tin hnh su t thm him iu hc ng Dng44, trong thi gian ny h thu thp 50.000 tiu bn chim v cc s liu v sinh thi v phn b35. Nhng b su tp ny cho n ngy nay l b su tp ln nht v cc loi chim ng Dng, v l c s ca cng trnh mang tn Les Oiseaux de lIndochine Franaise45. Cc b su tp quan trng trong giai on khc ny l ca H. Stevens thu Bc B46, Kelley-Roosevelt cng thu Bc B, v B. Bjorkegren l ngi pht hin ra loi Mi ni B Crocias langbianis48. Giai on th ba l t sau Th chin th II n nm 1988. Phn u ca giai on ny l thi gian chin tranh lin min nn nghin cu iu hc b hn ch, ch c mt s thng tin phn ln l ca nhng tay xem nghip d ngi nc ngoi nh c Vit Nam nh: J. Brunel49, P. Wildash50 v W. Fisher51. Tuy nhin sau khi kt thc chin tranh chng M v thng nht t nc vo nm 1975, cng tc nghin cu chim c tip tc tr li do cc nh khoa hc trong v ngoi nc. Cng trnh nghin cu ng ch trong giai on ny ca L.S. Stepanyan v cc ng nghip Vit Nam thc hin trong chng trnh nghin cu Vit - X Ty Nguyn, kt qu cng b trong xut bn Cc loi chim Vit Nam, trn c s t iu tra 1978-199052. Mt cng trnh khc cng c xut bn trong giai on ny l Chim Vit Nam ca V Qu, y l cun sch hng dn v cc loi chim Vit Nam u tin xut bn bng ting Vit. Giai on th t v nghin cu chim Vit Nam bt u t Thng t nm 1988, khi u vi ba t kho st thc a ca T chc Bo tn Chim Quc t - ICBP (nay l BirdLife International)55. Ti nhiu vng trn t nc, cc t kho st thc a ny l ln kho st chim u tin k t trc Th chin th II, cc chuyn kho st ny rt thnh cng trong vic tai pht hin nhiu loi chim c hu khng c ghi nhn no sau hn na th k. Tip theo ,

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BirdLife International thnh lp chng trnh quc gia cng vi i tc Vit Nam tin hnh hng lot cc t kho st trn khp lnh th. Kt qu ng k nht ca cc t kho st ny l pht hin ca J. C. Eames v cc ng nghip v ba loi chim mi cho khoa hc l Khu vn u en Actinodura sodangorum56, Khu Ngc Linh Garrulax ngoclinhensis57 v Khu Kon Ka Kinh Garrulax konkakinhensis58, iu cho thy mc d cng tc nghin cu chim tin hnh mt th k, nhng vn cn cc pht hin mi v khu chim cn khm ph cc vng rng Vit Nam. Trong giai on ny ra i cun Chim Vit Nam, y l cun sch hng dn c hnh v minh ha v cc loi chim Vit Nam do Nguyn C v L Trng Tri vit v BirdLife International xut bn59. Sinh cnh v cc qun x chim. Phn ln cc loi chim ca Vit Nam v c bit l tt c cc loi chim c hu cho n nay c tm thy u l cc loi chim rng. Cho nn, nu xt trn gc lin quan n thnh phn ca cc qun x chim th rng Vit Nam c th chia thnh nm phn hng chnh: rng thng xanh, rng na rng l, rng rng l, rng trn ni vi v rng l kim (rng thng). Trong rng thng xanh chin t l ln nht, khong 64% tng din tch rng Vit Nam29. Rng thng xanh phn b cc vng c ma quanh nm xen ln vi nhng thi k kh hn ngn, rng u th bi cc loi cy l rng c l quanh nm. Rng thng xanh l kiu thm thc vt t nhin c nhiu vng t thp pha bc v min trung Vit Nam v hu ht cc vng ni. Cc ai cao thp c kiu rng thng xanh t thp, thnh phn cc loi cy a dng v khng c h no u th. Cc loi chim c trng cho qun x chim kiu rng thng xanh t thp l: Nic nu Anorrhinus tickelli, Phn t Carprococcyx renauldi, Khch ui c Temnurus temnurus v cc loi chim c hu trong b g. ai cao khong 1000 m so vi mt bin, rng thng xanh t thp tr thnh dng chuyn tip sang rng thng xanh trn ni. Rng thng xanh trn ni c th chia thnh rng thng xanh ni thp phn b ai cao thp hn 1.700 m so vi mt bin, kiu rng ny u th bi cc loi trong h D Fagaceae v h Long no Lauraceae, v rng thng xanh ni cao, phn b ai cao trn 1.700 m so vi mt bin, c trng bi s c mt ca cc loi quyn Rhododendron spp. Qun x ca cc loi chim kiu thm rng ni thp v ni cao kh ging nhau vi s a dng ca cc loi thuc nhm so, tro cy, cc loi khu, v cc loi chim chch, mc d rng thng xanh ni cao thnh phn loi chim khng phong ph bng, nhng c mt s loi c trng nh Khu ln ui hung Minla strigula, Lch tc ngc vng Alcippe chryotis v Khu mo hng m Yuhina gularis. Rng thng xanh trn ni ng thi cng l ni sng ca cc loi khu c hu. Rng bn thng xanh, i khi c coi l rng hn giao vi cc loi cy rng l, c t l cc loi cy rng l cao hn cc loi cy thng xanh v c nhng vng c tnh thay i theo ma ln hn. Rng bn thng xanh phn b hp Vit Nam, tp trung nhiu vng Ty Nguyn v vng t thp nam Vit Nam. Thnh phn loi chim ca rng bn thng xanh tng t vi rng thng xanh trn t thp. Rng rng l, i khi c gi l rng khp, sinh trng chm, rng tha, thm thc b u th l c, v tng tn u th bi cc loi cy rng l trong h Du. Rng rng l phn b tp trung trn din tch ln, ma kh th hin r rt. Vit Nam rng kh cy h Du tp trung ch yu Ty Nguyn v phn b thnh vt nh vng ven bin nam Trung B. Thnh phn loi chim khng phong ph bng rng thng xanh v rng bn thng xanh do mang nng tnh cht theo ma v lp thm thc b km pht trin. Qun x chim a dng bi cc loi g kin v vt, v vi s c mt ca cc loi Diu xm Butartus liventer, Ct nh hng trng Polihierax insignis, R qut my trng Rhipidura aureola, Phng cho nh Pericrocotus cinnamomeus v Phng cho nu my trng Tephrodornis pondicerianus. Rng trn ni vi v c bn l rng thng xanh pht trin trn nn th nhng vi. Trong khi thnh phn ca qun x thc vt rng trn ni vi khng ging vi rng thng xanh th thnh phn cc loi chim y li tng t nh rng thng xanh. Tuy nhin, c mt s loi chim ch phn b trong kiu rng trn ni vi l Khu hoa Napothera crispifrons, Khu ui ngn N. brevicaudata, Khu mun Stachyris herbeti v mt loi Chch cha m t Phylloscopus sp60. Vng phn b ton cu ca hai loi Khu mun v loi Chch mi vng ni vi thuc min Trung Vit Nam v Lo60, 61. Rng l kim c u th l cc loi cy ht trn. C rt nhiu dng rng hn gia gia cy l kim v cy l rng Vit Nam, nhng qun x chim ca cc kiu rng ny tng t nh nhau v cng khng c g khc bit ln so vi qun x chim ca kiu rng thng xanh. Vit Nam rng l kim t nhin hu nh ch cn phn b Cao nguyn Lt. Kiu rng ny u th bi loi thng ba l Pinus kesiya. Ngoi ra, cn c nhng din tch rng thng trng ng k khp c nc, tuy vy, kiu rng ny khng c tm quan trng i vi cng tc bo tn chim. Qun x chim rng l kim khng a dng so vi cc kiu rng t nhin khc do cu trc rng n gim. Tuy nhin, sinh cnh rng thng c mt s loi khng c cc kiu rng khc nh Vng Anh m nh Oriolus tenuirostris, M cho Loxia curvirostra, v loi c hu ca Vit Nam S thng hng vng Carduelis monguilloti. Ngoi ra Vit Nam cn c nhng sinh cnh khc nh trng c t nhin, trng c v cy bi th sinh, t nng nghip v t th c. Trong cc sinh cnh ny, trng c t nhin c ngha quan trng nht i vi cc loi chim. Sinh cnh trng c t nhin tng mt thi phn b rng Vit Nam, dc cc con sng, xung quanh ranh gii ca cc vng t ngp nc theo ma v nhng khong trng trong rng. Tuy vy phn ln din tch ca kiu sinh cnh ny chuyn i thnh t nng nghip v ch cn li nhng din tch nh phn b ri rc. Mt s loi chim chuyn sng vng ng c phi thch nghi dn vi sinh cnh th sinh, nhng nhiu loi khc b thu hp phn b dn

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vo cc sinh cnh trng c t nhin cn st li, v d loi Tc Houbaropsis bengalensis, Chch ui di Graminicola bengalensis v S bi lng xanh Saxicola jerdoni, tt c cc loi trn u ang bn b tuyt chng Vit Nam. Ngoi cc kiu sinh cnh trn cn, Vit Nam cn hng lot cc kiu sinh cnh t ngp nc. Trong t lin, cc dng t ngp nc ngt bao gm sng, h v trng c ngp nc theo ma. Cc sng, sui trong rng c dng chy chm l ni c qun x chim rt c sc vi cc loi Te ca Vanellus duvaucelii, Chn bi Heliopais personata v Ngan cnh trng Cairina scutulata. Tuy vy, khp cc vng Vit Nam, cc con sng ln thng l ni tp trung dn c sinh sng, dn n lm mt ni sng ca cc loi chim v mt loi c l b tuyt chng cp quc gia l Nhn m en Sterna acuticauda. m h l ni c tim nng sinh cnh quan trng i vi cc loi chim nc di c, nht l cc loi vt. V mt mt sinh cnh, m h l mt trong cc kiu sinh cnh t b e da Vit Nam do mc d c mt s m h t nhin, trong mt vi thp k gn y, nhiu h nhn to c hnh thnh sau cc cng trnh xy p khp t nc. Mc d c nhng din tch ln cc sinh cnh ph hp i vi cc loi chim nc di c, hin thi, cc m h cha th hin vai tr quan trng i vi nhm chim ny do hin tng sn bn cha c kim sot hu khp cc im. Sinh cnh trng c ngp nc theo ma rt quan trng i vi nhiu loi chim nc ln nh Su u Grus antigone v Giang sen Mycteria leucocephala. Trng c ngp nc theo ma tng mt thi phn b rng khp ng bng sng Cu Long nhng n nay din tch b thu hp thnh cc vng nh khng lin tc, v thm ch cc din tch t i cn li ny cng ang b e da chuyn i thnh t nng nghip hoc nui trng thy sn62. t ngp nc ven bin v trn bin bao gm rng ngp mn, cc bi ngp triu v cc o xa b. Rng ngp mn l kiu thm thc vt t nhin ca phn ln di ven bin Vit Nam, nht l ng bng Bc B v ng bng sng Cu Long. Do hu qu ca vic ri cht c lm rng l trong chin tranh min Nam, khai thc g ci khng bn vng v m rng din tch nui trng thy sn dn n hu ht din tch rng ngp mn b ph hy. Mc d ch c rt t cc loi chim gii hn phn b rng ngp mn, y li l sinh cnh quan trng i vi nhiu loi chim nc di c v ng bng sng Cu Long, kiu sinh cnh ny l ni c nhiu sn chim quan trng63. Cc bi ly gian triu phn b ri rc dc b bin ca Vit Nam, tp trung cc ca sng ln. y l kiu sinh cnh quan trng i vi cc loi chim nc di c do l ni kim n quan trng ca cc loi chim ven bin, cc loi mng bin v nhn, trong c mt s loi b e da ton cu nh R m tha Eurynorhynchus pygmeus, Chot ln m vng Tringa guttifer, Mng bin m ngn Larus saundersi v C m tha Platalea minor. ng tic l kiu sinh cnh ny ang b tc ng mc cao do cc hot ng khai thc nghu s v nhiu hot ng khc ca con ngi, trong c vic trng rng ngp mn nhiu ni64. Cc o ln ngoi khi c rng che ph nh Cn Sn l ni thch hp ca hai loi chim rng c trng cho cc o xa b l Gm gh trng Ducula bicolor v B cu Nicoba Caloenas nicobarica. Cc o nh hn cng l ni sinh sn quan trng ca nhiu loi chim bin nh cc loi nhn, cc loi chim in, tuy vy cc nghin cu iu hc sinh cnh ny cn rt t trong nhng nm gn y. Cc Vng Chim c hu. Cc Vng Chim c hu (VCH) l ni c t nht hai loi chim c vng phn b hp (cc loi c vng phn b sinh sn ton cu nh hn 50.000 km2) c vng phn b hon ton ch gii hn trong ranh gii ca vng 61. Vit Nam theo phn tch ca BirdLife Quc t nm 1998 xc nh c ba VCH: Vng t thp Trung B, Cao nguyn Lt v Vng t thp Nam Vit Nam61. Tuy nhin, cc nghin cu gn y pht hin thm hai VCH khc l: Cao nguyn Kon Tum65 v Vng ni ng-nam Trung Quc66. Ngoi ra Vit Nam cn c mt phn ca Phn Vng Chim c hu Ni Fan Si Pan v Nam Lo 61 (PVCH l ni c mt hoc nhiu loi c vng phn b hp nhng c t hn hai loi c vng phn b ton cu hon ton nm trong ranh gii vng). VCH t thp Trung B nm trong vng t thp pha bc min Trung Vit Nam v bao gm mt phn nh trung Lo. Thm thc vt t nhin ca vng ny l rng thng xanh t thp, vi mt phn nh din tch rng trn ni vi. Hu ht rng vng ny mt, cc din tch rng t nhin cn li cng b chia ct mnh. VCH t thp Trung B c chn loi chim c vng phn b hp, trong nm loi ghi nhn khng nh cho vng: g so Trung B Arborophila merlini, G li lam mo en Lophura imperialis, G li lam ui trng L. hatinhensis, G li lam mo trng L. edwardsi v Khu mun Stachyris herbeti61. Tuy nhin, hin vn ang c nhng tranh lun lin quan n tnh trng phn loi ba loi G so Trung B67, G li lam mo en68 v G li lam ui trng68, c th c ba u khng tiu chun cng nhn l mt loi. VCH Cao nguyn Kon Tum pha bc Ty Nguyn v mt phn nh thuc trung Lo. Thm thc vt t nhin ca VCH ch yu l rng thng xanh trn ni. y l ni sng ca chn loi chim c vng phn b hp, trong s ba loi hon ton khng nh l: Khu vn u en, Khu Ngc Linh v Khu Kon Ka Kinh. C ba loi ny l nhng loi mi pht hin cho khoa hc trong cc nm 199056,57,58, y l VCH mi c xc nh Chu . VCH Cao nguyn Lt pha nam ca Ty Nguyn. Thm thc vt t nhin ca VCH l rng thng xanh trn ni v rng thng. C tm loi chim c vng phn b hp VCH ny, hu nh tt c cc loi tm thy rng thng xanh trn ni61. Ba loi phn b hp hon ton khng nh cho khu vc l: Khu u en m xm, Mi ni B v S thng hng vng. Ngoi ra vng chim c hu ny c nhiu phn loi c hu v d Khu ngc m Garrulax merulinus annamensis, phn loi ny cn c mt s tc gi xem nh mt loi thc s63.

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VCH t thp Nam Vit Nam thuc vng t thp pha nam Trung B v bao gm mt phn nh pha ng nam Cam-pu-chia. Thm thc vt t nhin ca VCH ny l rng thng xanh v na rng l trn t thp. Ch tm thy ba loi chim c vng phn b hp VCH ny, trong hai loi hon ton khng nh bao gm G so c hung Arborophila davidi v G tin mt Polyplectron germaini61. Trc y c hai l nhng loi c hu ca Vit nam nhng gn y chng cng tm thy pha ng nam ca Cam-pu-chia69,70. VCH Vng ni ng-Nam Trung Quc61 vi nm loi chim c vng phn b hp, trong ch mt loi c Vit Nam l Vc hoa Gorsachius magnificus66. Trong phm vi Vit Nam va mi ghi nhn loi Vc hoa mt im duy nht pha bc Vit Nam66. PVCH Ni Fan Si Pan v Nam Lo vi bn loi chim c vng phn b hp, tt c nhng loi ny cng ghi nhn cc VCH khc, l Nuc ui hng Harpactes wardi, Khu cnh Garrulax formosus, Chch p rui m rng Tickellia hodgsoni v Tro cy m vng Sitta solangiae61. Loi Nuc ui hng lu khng c ghi nhn Vit Nam k t khi chng c pht hin, tuy nhin, loi ny c th vn cn phn b mt ni no trong dy Hong Lin Sn. Cc loi b e da. Vit Nam c din tch tng i nh nhng li c s lng cc loi chim b e da ln. Theo Cc loi Chim b e da ca Chu (BirdLife International), Vit Nam c 70 loi chim cn c quan tm bo tn mc ton cu, trong c 3 loi b e da mc ti nguy cp, 12 loi nguy cp, 25 loi sp nguy cp, 29 loi gn b e da v 1 loi cha dn liu71. C 83 loi v phn loi cn c quan tm bo tn mc quc gia c ghi trong Sch Vit Nam, bao gm 14 loi nguy cp, 6 loi sp nguy cp, 32 loi b e da v 31 him16. Sch Vit Nam a vo mt s loi phn b rng hoc ph bin cc nc khc trn th gii nhng ang b e da Vit Nam nh Cc Phalacrocorax carbo, c l Pica pica v Qu khoang Corvus torquatus16. Cc mi e da chnh ti tnh a dng ca cc loi chim Vit Nam l mt sinh cnh, s dng thuc tr su ba bi v khai thc qu mc thng qua sn bn v by cc loi bun bn lm cnh. 1.6 Chng trnh cc Vng Chim Quan trng ton cu Chng trnh cc Vng Chim Quan trng (VCQT) ton cu do BirdLife International iu phi, nhm mc ch xc nh v bo v mt mng li cc khu vc quan trng i vi vic bo tn cc loi chim trn th gii. Chng trinh VCQT bt u Chu u nm 198572, v c xc nh l mt chng trnh ton cu ca BirdLife International trong Hi ngh Th gii nm 1994. Chng trnh VCQT chng t rt c hiu qu v linh ng trong vic xc nh, thc y, v t chc hnh ng cc im u tin i vi cc loi chim v a dng sinh hc cp vng, quc gia v a phng. Cho n nay cc VCQT c xc nh tt c cc nc Chu u73, Chu Phi74 v Trung ng75 v ang thc hin Chu , Chu M v ang ln k hoch cho vng Thi Bnh Dng. Da trn cc cng vic n nay hon tt, hy vong rng chng trnh ny s xc nh khong 14.000 VCQT trn ton th gii. Vit Nam, chng trnh VCQT ang c iu phi bi Chng trnh BirdLife Quc t ti ng Dng hp tc vi Vin Sinh thi v Ti nguyn Sinh vt thuc Trung tm Khoa hc T nhin v Cng ngh Quc Gia, vi s h tr ti chnh ca Danida. Ti liu tham kho 1. Howard, P. C., Viskanic, P., Davenport, T. R. B., Kigenyi, F. W., Baltzer, M., Dickinson, C. J., Lwanga, J. S., Matthews, R. A. and Balmford, A. (1998) Complimentarity and the use of indicator groups for reserve selection in Uganda. Nature 396: 472-475. 2. Burgess, N. D., Rahbek, C., Larsen, F. W., Williams, P. and Balmford, A. (2002) How much of the vertebrate diversity of sub-Saharan Africa is catered for by recent conservation proposals?. Biological Conservation 107: 327-339. 3. Nguyen Trong Dieu (1995) The geography of Vietnam. Hanoi: The Gioi Publishers. 4. UNDP (1999) Vietnam: development cooperation report 1998. Hanoi: United Nations Development Programme. 5. Vu Tu Lap and Taillard, C. (1993) An atlas of Vietnam. Paris: Reclus. 6. Dang Nghiem Van, Chu Thai Son and Luu Hung (1993) Ethnic minorities in Vietnam. Hanoi: The Gioi Publishers. 7. The World Bank (1995) Vietnam: environmental programme and policy priorities for a socialist economy in transition. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank Agriculture and Environment Operations Division. 8. DFD (2001) National five million hectare reforestation programme. Hanoi: Department for Forestry Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. 9. MOSTE (2000) National strategy for environmental protection. Hanoi: Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment. 10. Vu Van Dung, Pham Mong Giao, Nguyen Ngoc Chinh, Do Tuoc, Arctander, P. and MacKinnon, J. (1993) A new species of living bovid from Vietnam. Nature 363: 443-445. 11. Do Tuoc, Vu Van Dung, Dawson, S., Arctander, P. and MacKinnon, J. (1994) Introduction of a new large mammal species in Vietnam. Technical Report. Hanoi, Vietnam: Ministry of Forestry. (In Vietnamese.)

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12. Pham Mong Giao, Do Tuoc, Vu Van Dung, Wikramanayake, E. D., Amato, G., Arctander, P. and MacKinnon, J. (1998) Description of Muntiacus truongsonensis, a new species of muntjac (Artiodactyla: Muntiacidae) from central Vietnam, and its conservation significance. Animal Conservation 1: 61-68. 13. Averianov, A. O., Abramov, A. V., and Tikhonov, A. N. (2000) A new species of Nesolagus (Lagomorpha, Leporidae) from Vietnam with osteological description. Contributions from the Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Academy of Sciences 3 (2000): 1-22. 14. Polet, G., Tran Van Mui, Nguyen Xuan Dang, Bui Huu Manh and Baltzer, M. (1999) The Javan Rhinos, Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus, of Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam: current status and management implications. Pachyderm 27: 34-48. 15. IUCN (2000) 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Gland and Cambridge: IUCN. 16. Anon. (1992) Red data book of Vietnam, volume 1: animals. Hanoi: Science and Technics Publishing House. (In Vietnamese.) 17. Anon. (1996) Red data book of Vietnam, volume 2: plants. Hanoi: Science and Technics Publishing House. (In Vietnamese.) 18. Collins, M. ed. (1990) The last rain forests: a world conservation atlas. New York: Oxford University Press. 19. Baltzer, M. C., Nguyen Thi Dao and Shore, R. G. eds. (2001) Towards a vision for biodiversity conservation in the Forests of the Lower Mekong Ecoregion Complex. Hanoi: WWF Indochina Programme. 20. De Koninck, R. (1999) Deforestation in Vietnam. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre. 21. Government of SRV and GEF (1994) Biodiversity action plan for Vietnam. Hanoi: Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and Global Environment Facility Project VIE/91/G31. 22. IUCN and WWF (1985) Vietnam National Conservation Strategy. Delhi: IUCN and WWF. 23. MOF (1991) Vietnam forestry sector review tropical forestry action programme: main report. Hanoi: Ministry of Forestry. 24. State Committee for Sciences (1991) Vietnam National Plan for Environment and Sustainable Development. Hanoi: State Committee for Sciences UNDP, SIDA, UNEP and IUCN. 25. Rambaldi, G., Bugna, S. and Geiger, M. (2001) Review of the Protected Area System of Vietnam. ASEAN Biodiversity October-December 2001: 43-51. 26. BirdLife International and the Forest Inventory and Planning Institute (2001) Sourcebook of existing and proposed protected areas in Vietnam. Hanoi, Vietnam: BirdLife International Vietnam Programme and the Forest Inventory and Planning Institute. 27. The Joint Formulation Team (2001) The joint formulation of a donor-government partnership for a forest sector support programme (FSSP): a report for potential partner appraisal. Hanoi: International Cooperation Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. 28. Regulations on management of special-use forest, protection forest and production forest, attached to Decision No. 08/2001/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister, dated 11 January 2001. 29. Wege, D. C. Long, A. J., Mai Ky Vinh, Vu Van Dung and Eames, J. C. (1999). Expanding the protected areas network in Vietnam for the 21st century: An analysis of the current system with recommendations for equitable expansion. Hanoi: BirdLife International Vietnam Programme and the Forest Inventory and Planning Institute. 30. SPAM (2002) Management strategy for a protected area system in Vietnam 2002-2010: Draft for discussion at the national workshop, Ha Long City, 26-27 June 2002. Hanoi: Strengthening Protected Area Management in Vietnam Project. 31. NEA/MOSTE (2001) Scientific rationale for marine protected area system planning. Hanoi: National Environment Agency, Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment. 32. Vo Quy and Nguyen Cu (1995) Checklist of the birds of Vietnam. Hanoi: Agricultural Publishing House. 33. Inskipp, T. P. and Mlikovsky, J. (unpublished) Annotated checklist and bibliography of the birds of Indochina. 34. Tordoff, A. W. and Eames, J. C. (2001) New additions to the list of birds of Vietnam. Oriental Bird Club Bulletin 33: 37-38. 35. Tirant, G. (1879) Les oiseaux de la Basse Cochin-Chine. Bulletin du Comite Agricole et Industriel de la CochinChine 3(1): 73-174. (In French). 36. Delacour, J. (1970) The contribution of Gilbert Tirant to Indochinese ornithology. Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 23(3): 325-329. 37. Germain, R. and Oustalet, E. (1905) Catelogue des oiseaux de la Basse-Cochinchine. Bull. Mensuel Soc. Nat. Acclimat. France 52: 169-184. (In French.) 38. Kuroda, N. (1917) A collection of birds from Tonkin. Annotates Zoologicae Japonenses 9: 217-254. 39. Robinson, H. C. and Kloss, C. B. (1919) On birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Ibis 11(1):392-453, 565-625. 40. Mngaux, A. (1907) Catelogue des oiseaux envoys en 1906, du Tonkin et de l'Annam, pa M. Boutan. Bull Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 1907: 6-16. (In French.) 41. Ogilvie-Grant, W. R. (1906) [Description of three new species of birds from Annam.] Bull. Brit. Orn. Club 19:12-14. 42. Oustalet, E. (1899) Les oiseaux du Cambodge, du Laos, de l'Annam et du Tonkin. Nouv. Arch. Hist. Nat. Paris 4(1): 221-296. (In French.) 43. Oustalet, E. (1903) Les oiseaux du Cambodge, du Laos, de l'Annam et du Tonkin (2e partie). Nouv. Arch. Hist. Nat. Paris 4(5): 1-94. (In French.) 8 Sch hng dn cc Vng Chim Quan trng Vit Nam

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