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HIGH VOLTAGE
TESTS
Objective
• Need for periodic testing to guarantee integrity
and reliability of HV system
• Need for diagnostic test for comparative
measurement and determination of fault serenity
• Need to simulate fault conditions for
verification of system components stability
Introduction
HV Test type
• HV Test on board ship
2) -Insulation Resistance (IR) test
3) -Polarity Index (PI) Test
4) -Infrared Imaging test
5) - Circuit breaker test
6) Partial discharge test
7) BIL (Basic Insulation level) test
8) Life test
Insulation tester
Permanent
magnet
Control coil
Deflecting
coil
Permanent
α Magnet Rotor
Motor
Procedure of IR testing
• Isolate power, test and prove the conductors are dead by a proven live-line
tester.
• The circuit is earthed
• Issue EPTW.
• It is to be ensured that the operator never touches an unearthed
conductor.
• With the megger reader is connected between conductor and earth,
the safety earth is disconnected. [The safety earth must be
reconnected before the IR tester is disconnected]
• A 5000 V dc megger tester now be applied between phases and
earth, and between phases, and the values are recorded.
• The megger test should be applied for 1 minute.
• The recommended minimum value is (KV rating of the machine +
1) MΩ.
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IR Test Procedure
• For machines with healthy insulation, an IR test result may indicate
a value up to 100 times greater than the recommended minimum.
• First the reading is checked for 1 minute and for a better test it is
checked for 10 minutes.
• The correct procedure is to connect the IR tester to the circuit under
test with the safety earth connection ON.
• The safety earth may be applied through a switch connection at the
supply circuit breaker or by a temporary earth connection local to
the test point.
• This is to ensure that the operator never touches a unearthed
conductor.
• With the IR tester now connected, the safety earth is disconnected
(using an insulated extension tool for the temporary earth).
• Now the IR test is applied and recorded.
• The safety earth is now reconnected before the IR tester is
disconnected.
• This safety routine must be applied for each separate IR test.
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IR Test Procedure
• Large currents flowing through machine windings, cables, bus-bars
and main circuit breaker contacts will cause a temperature rise due to
I2R resistive heating.
• Where overheating is suspected, e.g. at a bolted bus-bar joint in the
main switchboard, the local continuity resistance may be measured
and checked against the manufacturers recommendations or compared
with similar equipment that is known to be satisfactory.
• A normal ohmmeter is not suitable- as it will only drive a few mA
through the test circuit.
• A special low resistance tester or micro-ohmmeter must be used
which drives a calibrated current (usually I=10 A) through the circuit
while measuring the volt-drop (V) across the circuit.
• The meter calculates R from V/I and displays the test result. For a
healthy bus-bar joint a continuity of a few megerOhm) would be
expected.
CONTINUED
Simplified relationship between Electric stress and relative permittivity or dielectric constant
Fig: 2
Ref: Page 40, Cable Systems for High and Extra-High Voltage by E. Peschke, R. von
Olshausen.
C1
• The best way to explain the processes
taking place here is by using the simplified
equivalent circuit diagram comprising three
capacitances representing the void itself,
the dielectric connected in series with it C2
and the intact dielectric connected in
parallel with them both.
C2
C1
C3
C2
CONTINUED
100% Peak voltage
50%
0%
1.2μs 50μs
Time
CONTINUED
• The BIL of a device is usually several times higher than its normal ac
operating voltage.
• For example, the standards require that 69 kV distribution transformer
must have a BIL of 350 kV.
• The peak voltage at which a safety begins to conduct must always be
lower than the BIL of the apparatus it is intended to protect.
• A 3 phase, 69 kV transmission line having a BIL of 300 kV is
supported on steel towers and protected by a circuit breaker. The
ground resistance at each tower is 20Ω whereas the neutral of the
transmission line is solidly grounded at the transformer just ahead of
the circuit breaker. During an electric storm, one of the towers is hit
by a lightning stroke of 20 kA.
• Calculate the voltage across each insulator string under normal
conditions.
• Describe the sequence of events during and after the lightening stroke.
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CONTINUED
Polymer