Chemical Engineering Review Questions

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW QUESTIONS NO 1 QUESTION A valve that controls flow by means of a disk or wedge-shaped dam sliding at right
angles to the direction of flow and seating tightly in the valve body is a The friction factor for flow through a pipe with relative roughness of 0.004 at a Reynold's No. of 80,000 is approximately equal to The equation that relates friction factor and Reynold's No., f=64/Reynold's No. holds for Oil flows under laminar conditions inside a steam heated copper pipe. The overall heat transfer coefficient is approximately A gate valve B butterfly valve C globe valve D orifice
0.05
0.03
0.03
0.04
3 4
smooth pipes equal to the heat transfer coefficient of the oil
laminar and turbulent flow the average between the heat transfer coefficient of the steam and that of oil the minimum number of stages occur when the operating lines are parallel. stripping
turbulent flow only equal to the heat transfer coefficient equivalent to the resistance offered by the pipe the minimum number of stages occur when the tie line coincides with an operating line. rectification
laminar flow only equal to the heat transfer coefficient of the steam
In multi-stage liquid-liquid extraction with partially miscible solvents
7 8
The enrichment of the vapor steam as it passes through the column in contact with the reflux during distillation is called The maximum number of plates for a given distillation system is obtained at The correct unit for the specific rate constant for the reaction A--->B determined to be first order is On one side of a heat exchanger where either a condensing vapor or a boiling liquid is present, the temperature may be assumed to be constant. In determining the logarithmic mean temperature difference the direction of flow will have For a cylinder where steady-state radial heat transfer takes place A plate holding a pool of liquid from which rises a vapor whose average composition is in equilibrium with a liquid whose composition is the average of that of the liquid leaving the plate is called Crystallization occurs in a solution that is Mass transfer in a flowing fluid may be correlated by The ratio of the average diameter of the feed to the average diameter of the product is the The rate of formation of C for the reaction 2A + B --> C is found to be rate = k(A)(B)
the extraction must be done to form cocurrently in order to minimize the extraction. evaporation
the amount of solvent used must be enough to form 2 phases. fractionation
variable reflux square liter/square mol/min large effect
maximum reflux square liter/square mol/square min little effect
minimum reflux mol/liter/min
optimum reflux liter/mol/min
no effect
significant effect
10
the heat flux is constant separation plate
maximum heat transfer rate occurs at the surface theoretical plate
the heat transfer is constant transition plate
the temperature is uniform throughout the cylinder bubble plate
11
12 13
concentrated Sherwood, Nusselt and Reynold's No settling ratio the rate of formation of C is equal to the rate of disappearance of B nozzle not constant throughout the reactor net value
unsaturated Peclet, Reynold's and Schimdt No discharge ratio the order of reactio is zero
supersaturated Sherwood, Reynold's and Schimdt No reduction ratio the value of k is independent of the initial concentrations of A and B orifice a function of time
saturated Prandtl, Schimdt and Reynold's No classification ratio the reaction cannot proceed
14 15
16 17
A device for increasing the velocity of a fluid in steady flow is a In steady-state backmix flow reactor, composition is
vent constant throughout the reactor
venturi not uniform throughout the reactor and varies from time to time market value
18
The amount of money obtainable from the sale of used property over and above any changers involved in removal and sale is called
salvage value
book value
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW QUESTIONS
19
In fractionation, an increase in reflux ratio
increases the number of theoretical plates the ratio of liquid phase resistance to the overall resistance is close to unity Nusselt, Stanton and Reynold's Nos 90-degree long radius elbow switching bank
decreases the reboiler duty the gas phase resistance is approximately equal to the total resistance Nusselt, Prandtl and Reynold's Nos 90-degree standard elbow vent
increases the amount of distillate the gas phase resistance is negligible
increases the condenser duty the ratio of gas phase resistance to liquid resistance is approximately zero Schimdt, Peclet and Friction Nos square-corner elbow accumulator
20
In mass transfer where the solute in the gas phase is very soluble in the liquid phase
21
Heat transfer in turbulent flow may be described through an empirical equation correlating Which of the following fittings exhibits the highest pressure drop for the same flow conditions? A chamber into which steam from a high pressure line can be bled during periods of low steam demand from the power plant is called Which one of the following pipes has the highest relative roughness? In steady-state heat transfer through a series of materials with varying resistances, the heat transfer rate Reactions whereby reactants proceed along several paths and give different products are Which one among the following materials has the best insulating property? An operation where warm vapor mixture is cooled such as by contact with a liquid resulting in condensation and decreased humidity is The pressure exerted on a plane parallel to the direction of flow of a moving fluid is called For mass transfer to take place, there must be a Water vapor condenses at 1 atm on a tube whose surface tmeperature is at 80 deg F. in analyzing the heat transfer through the condensate film, it is best to evaluate the liquid properties at The diffusity of water in air at 100 deg F in sq.cm./sec is A fluid flowing at a rate of 25 cubic meters per hour inside a 60 mm I.D. pipe has an average velocity in meter per sec equal to An equimolar mixture of benzene and toluene is subjected to a single batch distillation. Distillation is discontinued when 60% of the benzene in the feed is distilled. At this instance the bottom product when analyzed shows benzene to be 36.4 mole%. In the distillate, the mole% of benzene is When 32 kg of methane is burned completely the theoretical oxygen required is The standard heat of reaction for the production of water gas, in kcal/gmole, as given by the equation: C(s) + H2O(g) = CO(g) + H2(g) is A rectangular duct 4 ft x 1.5 ft in cross section carries conditioned air. In determining the pressure drop through the duct the equivalent diameter in ft may be used which in this case is A gas decomposition reaction has an activation energy of 245 kJ/mol. The rate of reaction can be accelerated by using a platinum catalyst where the activation energy for the resulting catalyzed reactions is lower at 136 kJ/mol. Using Arrhenius' law and assuming the frequency factor remains the same the catalyzed reaction is faster than the
Peclet, Stanton and Prandtl Nos 45-degree standard elbow compressor
22 23
24 25
2" diameter Wrought iron pipe decreases towards the direction of heat transfer polymeric reactions window glass evaporation
4" dia Wrought iron pipe varies with the thermal conductivity of each material reversible reactions wood dehumidification
1" dia Drawn tubing through each material is inversely proportional to the thickness of the material parallel reactions air humidification
4" dia Riveted steel pipe is constant throughout the series of materials consecutive reactions concret extraction
26 27 28
29 30 31
gauge pressure phase change 212 deg F
velocity pressure reaction component 80 deg F
tangential pressure concentration gradient 113 deg F
static pressure momentum gradient 146 deg F
32 33
0.26 5.90
0.28 2.50
1.48 1.50
0.58 0.60
34
66.60
58.10
33.40
54.40
35 36
16 kg 32.20
64 kg 31.40
128 kg 26.40
32 kg 57.80
37
4.00
2.18
1.50
2.75
38
over 100,000 but less than a million
over 100 but less than 200
over 20 million
over 2 but less than 3
original reaction by a factor of 39 Water at 100 deg F is flowing through a straight 4in Sch 40 pipe at a rate of 1.0 gal/min. The length of the pipe is 10 ft. The velocity at the center of the pipe in ft per sec is A metallic rod 2 cm in diameter is used as a heating element. The thermal conductivity is 370 J/sec.sq.m.degC. The surface temperature is maintained at 200 deg C. For the center of the rod not to exceed 500 deg C, the maximum volumetric heat generation rate within the metallic rod in J/sec cu.m. must be This is a steady state temperature reached by a small amount of liquid evaporating into a large amount of unsaturated vapor-gas mixture. Air, supplied at the rate of 1200 cfm to a refrigerated coil, has a relative humidity of 20% and dry bulb temperature of 150 deg F. The mass flow of dry air entering per minute is In adiabatic humidification, it is possible to maintain the temperature of water constant since 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.03
40
4440000.00
5130000.00
6930000.00
2040000.00
41
wet-bulb temperature 74.30
dew point
saturation temperature
dry-bulb temperature
42
75.00
75.26
78.50
43
44
45 46 47
An air-carbon tetrachloride vapor mixture at 100 deg F dry bulb and 60 deg F wet bulb is heated until the temperature reaches 180 deg F. the final percent relative humidity is about The portion of water in the wet solid that cannot be removed by the air in its contact is called This type of drier is used for drying pasty materials such as wet filter cakes and lumpy solids In the constant-rate period, the rate of drying is established by
according to the phase rule, the degrees of freedom is 3 0.10
the system can be well insulated from the surroundings 0.05
the temperature of the air can also be maintained constant 0.02
increase in the humidity of the air is insignificant 0.01
free moisture rotary drier a balance of the heat requirements for evaporation and the rate at which heat reaches the surface desorption
final moisture content flash drier the internal movement of moisture beneath the surface of the solid
equilibrium moisture content tray drier air flow perpendicular to the surface of the solid
critical moisture content freeze drier air flow parallel to the solid surface
48
49
50
51 52
53
Unbound moisture in granular and porous solid moves through the intertices of the solid by a mechanism involving Wet solid is to be dried from 40% to 10% in 5 hours under constant drying conditions. The critical moisture content is 20% and the equilibrium moisture content is 7%. All moisture contents are on dry basis. The time needed to dry from 15% to 5% free moisture under the same drying conditions is If the rate of drying under constant drying conditions with air at 140 deg F and absolute humidity of 0.03 lb water per lb dry air of unknown mass of solid is given by R=0.5-exp(-60X) [in lb water/hr-sqft], then the equilibrium moisture content (db) of the material is In drying at the falling rate period, the rate at which moisture is removed from the solid material The major problem in diffusion is to promote diffusion of the solute out of the solid and into the liquid. The most effective way of doing this is A slurry flaked soybeans weighing 100 kg contains 75 kg inert solids and 25 kg of solution 10 weight % oil and 90% wt solvent hexane. This slurry is contacted with 100 kg pure hexane in a single stage so that the value of retention for the outlet underflow is 1.5 kg of insoluble solid per kg solvent in the adhering solution. The composition of
surface tension
surface renewal
moisture diffusivity
0.542 hrs
1.846 hrs
2.129 hrs
3.42 hrs
0.12
0.03
0.01
0.00
remains constant to reduce the solid to the smallest size feasible 0.30
increases with time to use counter current operation 0.80
decreases with time to use cross flow evaporation 1.50
no drying takes place to use spray percolators 2.30
underflow leaving the extraction stage in %wt oil is 54 Tung meal containing 55% oil is to be extracted at the rate of 4000 lb per hour using n-hexane containing 5% oil as solvent. A countercurrent multiple stage extraction system is to be used. The meal retains 2 lb of solvent per pound of oil free meal while the residual charge contain 0.11 lb oil per lb oil free meal while the product is composed of 15% oil. The theoretical number of ideal stages is The movement of molecules over a substantial distance is associated with the transfer of heat by The mode of heat transfer that can take place in a vacuum is known as The overall conductance for a composite material in series is equal to the Film and drop are terms associated with A 6-in Sch 80 steel pipe is carrying glycerin at an average temperature of 100 deg F. The pipe is uninsulated, and the outside temperature is 30 deg F. The inside film conductance is 1000 Btu/h-ftdegF while the outside film conductance is 3.0 Btu/h-sq.ft.-degF. Determine the heat lost [Btu] per minute from a 75-ft length of the pipe. Glycerine is flowing at 800 gpm. An oak (k=0.096 Btu/h-ft-degF) door, 30 in wide, 78 in high, and 2 in thick, has 9 glass (k=0.45 Btu/h-ft-degF) windows, each 6 in by 8 in by 1/4 in thick. Determine the amount of heat lost [Btu] each day with a surface-to-surface temperature difference of 80 deg F. Determine the length needed for a simple concentric-tube, parallel flow heat exchanger to transfer heat from hot water to cold water at a rate of 900 W. The heat exchanger consists of two Type K copper (k=386 W/m-degC) tubes. The smaller tube has an inside diameter of 49.8 mm and an outside diameter of 54.0 mm. Assume that both film coefficients are equal to 100 W/sq.m.degC. The hot water enters at 90 degC and leaves at 50 degC, and the cold water enters at 10 degC and leaves at 40 degC. A saturated solution containing 1500 kg of potassium chloride at 360 K is cooled in an open tank to 290K. If the specific gravity of the solution is 1.2, the solubility of potassium chloride per 100 parts of water is 53.55 at 360K and 34.5 at 290K, calculate the amount of crystals obtained assuming that loss of water by evaporation is negligible. An evaporator, working at atmospheric pressure, is to concentrate a solution from 5% to 20% solids at the rate of 1.25 kg/s. The solution which has a specific heat of 4.18 kJ/kg-K is fed to the evaporator at 295K and boils at 380K. Dry saturated steam at 240 kPa is fed to the calandria and the condensate leaves at the temperature of the condensing steam. If the heat transfer coefficient is 2.3 kW/sq.m-K, what is the required area of heat transfer surface. The latent heat of vaporization maybe taken as the same as that of water. 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
55 56 57
convection convection sum of the individual conductances boiling 99.95
conduction conduction sum of the individual conductivities condensation 415.70
radiation radiation inverse of the total resistance evaporation 451.70
all of A, B and C all of A, B and C sum of the individual resistances all of A, B and C 475.10
58 59
60
97.00
242.00
5800.00
139200.00
61
185.5 m
11.02 m
5.51 m
4.14 m
62
4301 kg
1500 kg
966 kg
534 kg
63
55.8 sq.m.
58.5 sq.m.
85.8 sq.m.
88.5 sq.m.
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
2.5 kg/s of a solution at 288K containing 10% dissolved solids is fed to a forward-feed double effect evaporator operating at a pressure of 14 kPa in the last effect. If the product is to consist of a liquid containing 50% by weight of dissolved solids and dry saturated steam is fed to the steam coils, what should be the pressure of the steam? The surface in each effect is 50 sq.m. and the coefficients for heat transfer in the first and second effects are 2.8 and 1.7 kW/sq.m.-K respectively. Assume that the concentrated solution exhibits a boiling point rise of 5 degK, that the latent heat has a constant value of 2260 kJ/kg and that the specific heat of the liquid stream is constant at 3.75 kJ/kgK. An acetone-air mixture containing 0.015 mol fraction of acetone has the mol fraction reduced to 1% of this value by countercurrent absorption with water in a packed tower. The gas flow-rate G is 1 kg/sq.m-s of air and the water entering is 1.6 kg/sq.m-s. For this system, Henry's law holds and Ye=1.75x, where Ye is the mol fraction of acetone in the vapour in equilibrium with a mol fraction x in the liquid. How many overall transfer units are required? A still has a liquor composition of ortho-xylen 10%, meta-xylene 65%, para-xylene 17%, benzene 4%, and ethylbenzene 4%. How many plates at total reflux are required to give a product of 80% metaxylene and 14% para-xylene? The data are given as mole percent. A mixture of alcohol and water with 0.45 mol fraction of alcohol is to be continuously distilled in a column so as to give a top product of 0.825 mol fraction alcohol and a liquor at the bottom with 0.05 mol fraction alcohol. How many theoretical plates are required if the reflux ratio used is 3? Prepared cottonseed meats containing 35% extractable oil are fed to a continuous countercurrent extractor of the intermittent drainage type using hexane as solvent. The extractor consists of ten sections, the section efficiency being 50%. The entrainment, assumed constant, is 1 kg solution/kg solids. What will be the oil concentration in the outflowing solvent if the extractable oil content in the meats is to be reduced to 0.5% by weight? 0.4 kg/s of dry seashore sand, containing 1% by weight of salt, is to be washed with 0.4 kg/s of fresh water running countercurrent to the sand through two classifiers in series. Assume that perfect mixing of the sand and water occurs in each classifier and that the sand discharged from each classifier contains one part of water for every two of sand (by weight). If the washed sand is dried in a kiln drier, what percent of salt will it retain? Forty-five pounds per minute of water is heated from 60 to 180 deg F in a 5/8 in., 16 BWG heat exchanger tube. If the steam condensing at 260 deg F, on the outside of the tube gives an h of 1000 Btu/hr-sq.ft.-degF, calculate the inside heat transfer coefficient [Btu/hr-cu.ft-degF]. How many cu.ft. per minute of entering air is needed to evaporate 10 lb of water per hour from a rayon, if the air enters at 80 deg F and 25% humidity and leaves at 170 deg F and 55% relative humidity. The operating pressure is 14.3 psia.
115 kPa
101.3 kPa
14 kPa
zero gauge
10.92
9.12
4.72
3.03
37.00
38.00
39.00
40.00
10.00
9.00
8.00
7.00
72.20
28.70
27.80
22.70
0.49
0.43
0.29
0.25
2173.00
696.00
577.00
241.00
12.54
12.68
13.76
16.28
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
Nicotine is to be extracted from water using kerosene. If 100 lb of a 2% nicotine solution is extracted once with 200 lb of kerosene, what percent of the nicotine is extracted? {Equilibrium data: Y[lb nicotene/lb kerosene] = 0.90X [lb nicotine/lb water]} We must cool 2500 gpm of water from 120 to 80 deg F. A cooling tower, at 70 deg F and 1 atm, is to be designed to operate with entering air of 40% relative humidity. How many gpm of makeup water must be supplied if windage loss is 95% of the amount lost by evaporation. We wish to build an economical cold room 20 ft square and 10 ft high. The outside temperature is 80 deg F and te room is to be maintained at 0 deg F. The boss has suggested parallel wooden outer and inner walls separated by a 6-in air space. What will be the heat loss [Btu/hr] through each wall? A colloidal solution is to be concentrated from 15 to 65% solids. The specific heat of the feed, entering at 50 deg F is 0.93. The pressure of the saturated steam to the evaporator is 10 psia; the condenser pressure is 5-in. Hg abs. The steam chest has an overall heat transfer coefficient of 200 Btu/hr-sq.ft.degF. Water must be evaporated at the rate of 35,000 lb/hr. Neglecting boiling point elevation, what is the steam consumption [lb/hr]? What is the settling time [sec] for galena particles to settle under free settling conditions through 5 ft of water at 50 deg F. Galena is spherical in shape, with specific gravity and 0.01 inch in diameter. A 10-ft diameter tank with a quick-opening value to a sump has a 10-ft depth of liquid. How long [t in sec] does it take to drain the tank if the valve is assumed to be equivalent to a 4-in diameter orifice? The liquid density is 60 lb/cu.ft. What size sharp-edged orifice [inches] was in use if a flow of 120 gpm produced a 4-in Hg differential in a 4-in Schedule 40 pipe. The fluid, measured at 60 degF, had a viscosity of 1 cSt and a specific gravity of 1. Seven hundred gallons per minute of water are being discharged by a centrifugal pump 5 ft above the pump inlet. The inlet pressure is 4-in Hg above atmospheric and the discharge pressure is 29 psia. If the pump has an 8-inch diameter inlet and a 4inch diameter discharge, calculate the pump efficiency. Determine the net positive suction head available to a centrifugal pump when the level of water is just at the suction point. The pumped fluid is water at 140 deg F and it is pumped from an atmospheric tank at 250 gpm. The tank suction point is 7 ft above the pump. The piping is 5-in Schedule 40, 10-ft long with two short radius 90 deg elbows. [Use density=61.38 lb/cuft, Pv=2.89 psi, viscosity=0.47 cP] Water at 60 deg F flows through a 3-inch Schedule 40 pipe. A pitot tube in the pipe shows a 3-inch Hg differential. If the pitot tube is located at the center of the pipe, what is the mass flow rate of the water [lb/s]?
64.50
54.60
46.50
45.60
77.20
150.00
227.20
300.00
3537.00
8457.00
11994.00
20451.00
10500.00
35000.00
40130.00
45500.00
38.10
18.30
13.80
5.00
2951.00
1644.00
1163.00
19.40
2.21
1.35
4.67
2.00
63.00
84.00
95.00
100.00
34.20
27.70
7.00
0.52
11.61
14.24
31.70
37.10
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
The gas phase irreversible reaction A+B---->C is elementary. The entering flow rate of A is 10 mol/min and is equal molar in A and B. The entering concentration of A is 0.4 mol/L. What CSTR volume [L] is necessary to achieve 90% conversion? The irreversible zero order gas phase dimerization 2A ----->A2 is carried out in a packed bed reactor with 5 kg of catalyst. The entering pressure is 10 atm and the exit pressure is 1 atm. Pure A enters at a flow rate of 10 mol/min. The reaction is zero order in A. What is the exit conversion? The gas phase reaction 2A+B----->C is carried out in a PFR. The feed is equal molar in A and B and the entering temperature is 500K and the entering pressure is 16.4 atm. If the exit conversion is x, then the exit concentration of B is Heat is generated in a 2.5 cm square copper rod at the rate of 35.3e6 W/cu.m. The rod is exposed to a convection environment at 20 deg C where the convection heat transfer coefficient is 4 kW/sq.m.degC. Determine the surface temperature [deg C] of the rod. A 5cm diameter cylinder is maintained at a constant temperature of 200 deg C and it is "completely enclosed" by a wind tunnel test chamber, walls of which are at 10 deg C. Air at 350K is forced across the cylinder at a velocity of 50 m/s (h=180 W/m-degC). If the surface emissivity of the cylinder is 0.7, determine the total (i.e., convective and radiative) heat transfer from the cylinder [W per meter length]. A building wall consists of a 6-in of concrete (kc= 0.7 Btu/hr-ft-degF), 2 in of fiber insulating board, and 3/8 in of gypsum board (kg=0.03 Btu/hr-ftdegF). The inside and outside heat transfer coefficients are 2 and 7 Btu/hr-sqft-degF, respectively. The inside temperature is 72 degF and the outside temperature is 20 degF. Determine the overall heat transfer coefficient for this wall [Btu/hr-sqft-degF]. Current is passed through a cylindrical laboratory heater, which has a 3 cm diameter, generating heat at the rate of 20 MW/cu.m. The heater is exposed to a convection environment at 25 degC where the convection heat transfer coefficient is 0.5 kW/sq.m.-degC. Determine its surface temperature [degC]. A straight rectangular fin has a length of 3.5 cm, a thickness of 1.5 mm, and is made of a material characterized by thermal conductivity of 255 W/mdegC. The fin is exposed to a convection environment at 20 degC and h=1.5 kW/sq.m.degC. Determine the maximum possible heat transfer from this fin for the base temperature of 150 degC. A gaseous fuel is composed of 20% methane( CH4), 40% ethane (C2H6) and 40% propane (C3H8), where all percentages are by volume. The volumetric analysis of the dry products of combustion (ie. everything except the water) for this fuel gives 10.6% carbon dioxide (CO2), 3% oxygen (O2), 1% carbon monoxide (CO) and 85.4% nitrogen (N2). Determine the air fuel ratio on a mass basis for this reaction.
113.00
227.00
851.00
900.00
0.15
0.50
0.75
1.00
[B]=0.4(1-x)/(10.5x)
[B]=0.4(1-x)/(1-1.5x)
[B]=0.4(1-0.5x)/(1-x)
[B]=0.2
75.20
55.20
25.20
20.00
13.00
272.00
3478.00
3750.00
0.03
0.12
0.71
6.01
325.00
300.00
100.00
25.00
1500 W
4392 W
13943 W
19343 W
1.00
18.00
23.00
33.00
91
92
93 94
95 96
97
98
99 100
101 102
Dodecane (C12H26) gas at 25 degC is burned in a steady flow combustion chamber with 20% excess air that enters at -23.15 degC. The products leave the combustion chamber at 500K. Assuming steady operating conditions and complete combustion, determine the required mass flow rate of the dodecane to supply heat at a rate of 1.5 kW [kg/s]. Two rooms A and B of identical volume are connected by an open doorway. The thermostat in the rooms are set so that Ta<Tb. Which room contains more air molecules? If the absolute temperature of a gas is doubled, the mean speed of the gas molecules When ice cubes melt in a glass of water, the temperature of the resulting mixture of water and ice In all naturally occurring processes, the entropy of the universe An inventor seeking a patent claims that a building may be comfortably heated in winter by a device that draws heat into the building from the earth, even though the temperature of the earth is lower than the desired temperature inside the building. He further claims that the quantity of heat supplied to the building in a given time period can significantly exceed the work done by the device during the same period. If you were a patent clerk (like the young Albert Einstein), what should be your recommendation about the application? A fixture containing an ordinary incandescent light bulb is connected to a dimmer switch. The dimmer is adjusted so that the temperature of the tungsten filament inside the bulb increases from 1300K to 2600K. The total power radiated by the bulb A 30 MW geothermal electric power plant uses hot steam from the earth at 157 deg C to heat and vaporize isobutane, which turns a turbine that is connected to a generator. The isobutane is subsequently cooled to 27 rC using fans and condensed back to a liquid. The overall efficiency of the plant is 40% of the ideal (Carnot) efficiency. How many joules of heat must be released to the atmosphere per second? The material which remains unchanged in a process is The ratio of the total quantity of a reactant present in the reactor feed of a recycling operation to the quantity of the same reactant entering the operation as fresh feed is the The heating value measured when water formed from combustion is in the liquid state. In the combustion of solid fuels, the tie element between the feed and the refuse is the The coal analysis which is based upon the volatilization characteristics of the fuel is An Orsat analysis of the flue gas when pyrite is roasted is on a The empirical relation which allows one to compute for the net hydrogen in a given solid fuel is the The equivalent of 45degTw in the Baume scale is
170.00
100.00
38.00
0.04
both contain the same no of air molecules
is doubled. increases.
increases 4 times decreases.
increases by about 40% stays constant.
decreases.
increases. The application should be rejected because it violates the first law of Thermodynamics.
decreases. The application should be rejected because it violates the second law of Thermodynamics.
stays the same. The application should be rejected because it violates both 1st and 2nd laws of Thermo.
may increase or decrease. The application should be given full consideration because it does not violate any laws of Thermodynamics.
doubles.
quadruples.
increases 8x.
increases 16x.
2.5 e8
2.2 e8
3 e7
5.2 e8
limiting reactant recycle ratio
tie substance combined feed ratio
excess reactant reactant ratio
product yield fresh-feed conversion
Gross Calorific Value cooked coal
Heat of combustion ash
Latent Heat of Condensation moisture
Net Calorific Value volatile combustible matters Elemental analysis N2-free basis Oxygen unaccounted for equation 42.56
103 104 105
Proximate analysis SO2-free basis Calderwood equation 26.63
Modified analysis SO3-free basis Theoretical Oxygen Equation 28.32
Ultimate analysis O2-free basis Dulong's formula
106
32.48
107
108 109
A furnace completely burns coal containing 70%C. Analysis of the flue gas shows 15% CO2, 4% O2, 81% N2, and no CO. What is the % of the net hydrogen in the coal? Which has the lowest water content? A contract was made between a buyer and a paper manufacturer for paper containing 5% moisture at PhP450/tonne FOB on specifications that price adjustment will be made if the quality is different. How much should the buyer pay for 1 tonne of paper with 8% moisture content? Freight cost is PhP45/tonne. One drier will dry a material from 45% moisture (wb) to 20% moisture (db). From here the material enters another drier where the water content is further reduced to give a final product weighing 1000 kg. If the total evporation from both driers is 800 kg, the moisture of the final product is An experimental oil is used to distill 6000 kg.hr of Athabasta tar sand which analyzes 30% 'heavy oil', 'light oil', and non-volatile matter. If the distillate contains 12 % heavy oil and this constitutes 25% recovery of the component, the weight in kg of the distillate obtained is Coal fired in a furnace has a heating value of 13800 Btu/lb and contains 78.05%C and 1.2%S. The proximate analysis shows 4%M, 24%FC, 8%A and the analysis of the refuse shows 8%VCM, 25%FC and 32% ash. Calculate the % of C lost in the refuse. Ninety grams of ethane and 384 grams of oxygen are fed continuously to a laboratory furnace. The total combustion products collected was 16.2 gmole with no carbon dioxide. However, not all of the ethane was burned due to faulty combustion. The fraction of ethane that was burned is equal to The furnace at the Bataan refinery is using a fuel gas which contains methane, ethane and 20% nitrogen. The orsat analysis of the combustion products showed 7.8% CO2, 7.4% O2, and 84.8% N2. The gas is burned with excess air. The % methane in the fuel gas is Pyrite containing 78% FeS2 and 22% gangue is burned with excess air to produce a stack gas with the following analysis: 7.29% SO2, 8.92%O2, 82.44%N2 and 1.35%SO3. If the cinder was found to have a partial analysis of 62.10% Fe2O3, the % of FeS2 lost in the pyrite is The unit of k for a 1st order elementary reaction is If the temperature of a chemical reaction is raised by 10 degC, the rate of reaction is increased by a factor of The E of a reaction may be lowered by
1.20
1.53
2.38
6.13
dew point at 20degC PhP 405
70% RH PhP 424.26
absolute humidity of 0.05 PhP 434.16
60% saturation PhP 450
110
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.05
111
2250.00
3750.00
4350.00
6000.00
112
4.22
8.00
9.50
17.00
113
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.92
114
63.25
57.24
51.20
22.76
115
3.52
6.53
7.86
23.10
116 117
1/time 4.00
conc/time 3.00
1/conc 2.00
1/conc-time 1.50
118
increasing temperature the activation energy depends on the initial conc of the reactants 2.00
decreasing temperature the temperature dependency of the rate depends on the conc of one of the products at equilibrium 4.00
adding a catalyst
119
The mechanism of a reaction can sometimes be deduced from The equilibrium constant in a reversible chemical reaction at a given temperature
the net equation
removing the products of the reaction the rate law.
120
does not depend on the initial concentrations
is not a characteristic of the reaction
121
If the volume of a reaction vessel is suddenly reduced to one half its original volume the rate will
8.00
16.00
increase by a factor of 122 123 124 125 126 The rate of reaction is not influenced by The net rate of reaction of an intermediate is A reaction is known to be first order in A. A straight line will be obtained by plotting If the reaction 2A ---> B+C is second order, which of the following plots will give a straight line? For the reaction A+B ---> 2C, when Ca is doubled the rate doubles, when Cb is doubled the rate increases fourfold. The rate law is It states that the rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the activity of the reactants. The half life of a material undergoing second order decay is A fluid flows through 2 CSTR in series. Each reactor has a capacity of 400,000 L and the fluid enters at 100 L per hr. The fluid undergoes a first order decay with a half life of 24 hours. Find the conversion of the fluid. A first order reaction has a specific rate constant of 3e-3 per sec. The half life is A certain reaction is 1st order in A. In 30 min, the concentration of A decreases from 0.55 to 0.15 mol/L. The time it will take for A to decrease from 0.35 to 0.15 mol/L is A gas decomposes at 900 degC according to 2A-->2R+S with a rate constant of 1000 cc/gmol-s using pure A. The time it will take to react 80% of A in a batch reactor at 900 degC and 1 atm in min is Calculate the length of a chlorinating pipe line with diameter of 0.6 m required to kill 95% of the bacteria in waste water flowing at 0.05 cu.m/s. Test shows that 95.33% kill is obtained in 5 minutes when treated with 5 mg/L of chlorine. Chlorine disinfection kinetics is given by the equation: dC/dt = k Ct^1.5 where C = number of bacteria. Assume that the same concentration of chlorine is used in actual treatment operation. The set of data given below is for the parallel reaction: a---k1-->2R, a---k2-->S. At t=0, Ca=15 moles/cuft, Cr = 1 mole/cuft, Cs=1 mole/cuft; At t=1 hr, Cro = 9 moles/cuft, Cs = 3 moles/cuft. The value of K2 per hour is A batch reaction 2D+E----->F has a conversion factor expressed by the equation r =0.24 t^0.5 where r = conversion factor based on the reactant E; t = time in hours which ranges from 0.5 to 16 hours per batch depending upon the process variables. The average molecular weight of the feed is 60 and a density of 1.4 g/cc. The feed consists of 2 kgmole of D and 1 kgmole of E. The charging, cleaning and discharging time per batch is 2.5 hrs and the volume of the reactor is twice the volume of the feed. Assume 300 days per year and 12 hours operation/day. The volume of the reactor in liters is conc of the reactants 0.00 log Ca vs time Ca^2 vs time -ra = k Ca^2 Cb^4 molecularity of the reaction 2.00 Ca vs time 1/Ca vs time -ra = k Ca Cb^2 nature of reactants >0 log Ca vs reciprocal time lof Ca vs time -ra = k Ca temperature <0 1/Ca vs time Ca vs time -ra = k Cb^2
127 128
129
Le Chatelier's principle proportional to the square of the initial conc 66.80
Hess' Law independent of initial conc 74.70
Law of Mass Action proportional to initial conc 85.30
Second Law of Thermo inversely proportional to initial conc 99.10
130 131
0.0021 s 45.1 min
100 s 19.6 min
231 s 19.1 min
768 s 10.4 min
132
3.83
7.43
8.33
9.33
133
25.36 m
32.5 m
52.63 m
56.23 m
134
0.17
0.18
0.34
0.62
135
257.00
275.00
300.00
527.00
10
136
137
138
139
140
141
142 143
144
145
A container holds 100 gal of salt solution containing 50 lb of dissolved salt. The bottom of the container is covered with a layer of rock salt. The bottom of the container is covered with a layer of rock salt whose surface is practically constant. The salt dissolved into the solution according to r = k(C-3) where C is the concentration of the brine expressed in lb/gal. If the water in the tank were fresh, the rate of solution would be 1.0 lb/min. Fresh water enters at 3 gpm and brine overflows at the same rate. Assume constant volume at any brine concentration, the concentration of brine in container after 1 hour in lb/gal of salt is An aqueous solution of ethyl acetate is to be saponified with NaOH. The initial concentration of the ethyl acetate is 5 g/L and that of the caustic soda is 0.10M. Values of the second order rate constant in L/gmole-min are k = 23.5 at 0 degC; k = 92.4 at 20 degC. The reaction is essentially irreversible. The time required to saponify 95% of the water at 40 deg C is At 500K the rate of bimolecular reaction is 10 times the rate at 400K. Find E in cal, the activation energy for this reaction from Arrhenius Law. The reaction A+2B--->R is 1st order with respect to each reactant. If equimolar amounts of A and B are introduced into a constant-volume reactor and (1/m) th of A remains after t1, how much will remain after t2=2t1? When the 1st order homogeneous reaction (gasphase) A--->2.5R is carried out in an isothermal batch reactor at 2 atm with 20% inerts present, the volume increases by 60% in 20 min. When the reaction is carried out in a constant volume reactor, the time required for the pressure to reach 8 atm if the initial pressure is 5 atm, 2 atm of which consist of inerts in min is When the ID of the pipe through which a fluid flows is doubled, the pressure loss due to friction per unit length of pipe and for the same volumetric flow rate is changed by approximately a factor of When two centrifugal pumps are connected in series, the discharge changes by a factor of When two reciprocating pumps are connected in parallel, the volumetric capacity of the system changes by a factor of The pressure drop in a pipeline changes by a factor of _____ when the velocity of the flowing fluid is doubled. Cavitation occurs in a centrifugal pump when
0.73
0.43
0.33
0.24
10.30
11.40
12.70
20.70
8150.00
9150.00
9550.00
10150.00
Cao/2m
Cao/(2m-1)
Cao/(1-2m)
Cao/2
43.10
41.30
37.10
31.80
1/8
1/16
1/32
1/64
1/2 1/2
1.00 1.00
2.00 2.00
4.00 4.00
1/2
1.00
2.00
4.00
146
147
148
Oil with a viscosity of 30 cP and a density of 60 lb/cu.ft. flows through a 1/2-inch inside diameter pipe. Determine the velocity in fps below which flow will be laminar. Water at 60 deg F flows through a 3-inch inside diameter smooth horizontal pipe. If the Reynold's number is 353000, calculate the ratio of maximum velocity to average velocity. The pressure after the pump in a 6-inch inside diameter smooth pipe conducting water is 20 psia. The water is discharged at an open tank 100 ft from the pump. Calculate the rate of discharge of water in cu.ft/s.
the discharge pressure becomes too high 0.63
the discharge valve is closed 13.10
the suction pressure is too high 16.90
suction is lost
87.20
1.05
1.22
1.72
1.89
0.60
3.58
21.00
58.30
11
149
150
151 152 153
154
155
156
157
158
159
A water storage tank assumes the supply of water into a factory. Water is supplied to the tank through a booster pump installed in the water line. The theoretical pump horsepower required is 3.25 hp. What is the monthly operating cost of the pump if electric power cost on the average is PhP 3.73/kWh. The pump is 65% efficient and operates for 12 hr a day. When the impeller speed of an ideal centrifugal pump is doubled, the vol. flow rate of discharge is increased by a factor of The differential height between two points which a fluid has to be transferred is the The resistance of a layer of fluid to flow over the next layer is measured by An axial flow pump operating at a speed of 880 rpm can supply water at a rate of 3000 gpm. The maximum head that this pump can deliver in ft. of water is Specify the type of open impeller pump to use if the capacity is 400 gpm at a head of 200 ft of water. What will be the rated capacity [gpm] of a 4-1/2 inch impeller centrifugal pump operating at a speed of 3450 rpm capable of generating a head of 40 ft of water. If the speed of a centrifugal pump is doubled, the energy requirement becomes approximately ___ times the original energy requirement. A cylindrical tank 1 ft in diameter discharges through a nozzle connected to the base. Find the time needed for the water level in the tank to drop from 4 ft to 2 ft above the nozzle. The diameter of the nozzle is 1 inch and its discharge coefficient maybe taken as unity. The NPSH of a single suction centrifugal hot water pump at a speed of 3550 rpm operating at a pressure of 600 psi and a capacity of 450 gpm is ___ ft. The rate of evaporation at a given operating temperature in a n evaporator is more when An optimim number of the effects for a given application is a function of the A popular type of heat exchanger for cooling large quantities of fluid is the An evaporator is used to concentrate 10,000 lb/hr of a 20% solution of NaOH in water at 140oF using saturated steam at 25 psia at a rate of 7,000 lb/hr. The OHTC is 275 BTU/hr-ft2-oF when the pressure in the vapor is 1.7 psia. The steam economy, SE, is A cross flow heat exchanger uses mixed air at 4 kg/s that enters at 15oC and leaves at 45oC. The air cools unmixed water, which enters at 95oC and 0.70 kg/s. The OHTC equals 150 W/m2-oC. After several months of operation, a scale resistance of 0.002 m2-oC/W developed. 16. The heat transfer area required to accomplish the change is
PhP 3300
PhP 5000
PhP 7000
PhP 12000
1/2
1.00
2.00
2exp2
potential head viscosity 20.00
pressure head friction factor 36.00
velocity head surface tension 63.00
dynamic head drag coefficient 85.00
3x2x8.5E
4x3x8.5E
4x3x6
3x2x13
95.00
134.00
248.00
320.00
2.00
4.00
8.00
10.00
32.00
55.00
77.00
94.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
when the operating pressure is high capacity double-pipe 0.82
the operating pressure is low economy plate 0.86
there is a vacuum
when the liquid level is high none of the given choices extended surfaces 0.92
160 161 162
efficiency shell and tube 0.89
163
22.2 m2
25 m2
17 m2
20 m2
12
164
165 166
As solution of 28% wt Na2SO4 is to be crystallized to yield Glauber salt in a four section (one section is 10 ft in length) Swenson Walker Crystallizer. It is fed to the unit at 120oF and cooled to 60oF using cooling water which enters at 50oF and leaves at 70oF. The crystallizer has a cooling surface of 3 ft2 per foot of length. The feed rate is 500 lb/hr and the crystallizer is seeded with 50 lb/hr of 65 mesh crystals. 19. The amount of the crystalline crop (C) produced in lb per hour is An insulator should have Fouling factor
285.30
249.30
255.65
214.65
low thermal conductivity is a dimensionless quantity
high thermal conductivity does not provide a safety factor for design
less resistance to heat flow accounts for additional resistance to heat flow
a porous structure none of these
167 168
Natural convection is characterized by The Graetz number is concerned with
169 170
Dropwise condensation occurs on Dietus-Boelter equation for determination of heat transfer co-efficient is valid A type of pneumatic conveyor system characterized by a material moving in an air stream or pressure less than ambient. If the total percentage of particles larger than the screen opening in the feed, oversize, undersize are 36%, 89% and 3%, respectively, the effectiveness of the screen if the undersize is the product is The estimated width of an apron conveyor having a capacity of 75 tons/hr at a speed of 50 ft/min is It is defined as the ratio of the average diameter of the feed to the average diameter of the product. The sphericity of cubical particles is The separation of a dilute slurry or suspension by gravity settling into a clear fluid and a slurry or suspension by gravity settling into a clear fluid and a slurry of higher solids content is called An ultracentrifuge is used to separate highmolecular weight fractions in polymeric or biological systems. What is the gradient for mass transfer in the separation using this mass transfer device? Ordinary diffusion takes place because of ___ driving force. What are the two limiting cases of steady-state diffusion? Which of the following is not true in (binary) equimolar counter-diffusion? A fluid is flowing on a surface, which contains a component that leaches out to the fluid. Assuming that all the 3 regions of mass transfer are present, in which of these regions is diffusion controlling? In unsteady-state mass transfer, the quantity (DABt/rm^2) is referred to as What is the equivalent of Prandtl number in convective mass transfer? If kx > ky, then the controlling phase is In two-phase mass transfer, equilibrium may exist
Reynolds number mass transfer between a gas and a liquid clean and dirt free surfaces for liquid metals
Grashhoff number absorption with chemical reaction smooth clean surfaces for fluid in laminar flow
Peclet number heat transfer in turbulent flow contaminated cooling surfaces for fluids in turbulent flow pressure-vacuum
Prandlt number heat transfer in laminar flow polished surfaces when Grashhoff number is very important vacuum
171
fluidizing
pressure
172
0.98
0.89
0.76
0.65
173 174 175 176
305 mm settling ratio 1.00 thickening
610 mm screen-mesh no 0.87 classification
1220 mm reduction ratio 0.70 sorting
2400 mm average particle diameter 0.60 centrifugation
177
temperature
pressure
concentration
electric field
178 179 180 181
temperature UMD and EMD DAB = DBA Knudsen region
pressure ordinary and Knudsen c = cA + cB turbulent region
concentration thermal and ordinary JA = JB buffer region
electric field thermal and Knudsen NA = -cDAB dxA/dz viscous sub-layer
182 183 184 185
unaccomplished change Sc the liquid phase at the interface
relative resistance Sh the gas phase in the gas phase
relative time Bi the interface in the liquid phase
relative position Pe either of the bulk phases in either film 13
186 187
Which of the following processes may always be regarded as a constant- humidity process? Air conditioning in tropical countries involves
cooling of air humidification by a process similar to that in a cooling tower dry-bulb temperature
air conditioning humidification by a process similar to airwater vapor saturator wet-bulb temperature
water-cooling in a cooling tower dehumidification and removal of sensible heat adiabatic saturation temperature
heating of air dehumidification by condensing water vapor in a refrigerator dew point temperature
188
189
190 191 192
What do you call the steady-state non-equilibrium temperature reached when a small amount of water is contacted under adiabatic conditions by a continuous stream of gas? The moisture content of a solid is given as 50% wet basis. What is the moisture content, dry basis? The moisture that can be removed by drying is called Falling-period in drying terminates at the Which is not true at the interphase of a gas scrubbing operation?
0.50
1.00
2.00
50.00
equilibrium moisture end of constant-rate period the solute concentration of the gas is less than that of the bulk 2.35 exp -5
bound moisture origin of R vs X plot the solute concentration of the liquid is less than that of the bulk 2.44exp -5
free moisture critical free moisture content the solute concentration of the liquid and gas phase are equal
unbound moisture equilibrium moisture content the solute concentration of the gas is greater than the liquid 1.22 exp -6
193
194
195
196 197
198 199
200 201
202
He and N2 gas are contained in a conduit 5 mm in diameter and a 0.1 m long at 298 K and a uniform pressure of He at one end of the tube is 0.6 atm and 0.02 atm at the other end. Assuming equimolar countercurrent diffusion, the flux in kmol/s-m2 is 100 m3/hr of air at 60C and 20% RH is needed for a chemical reactor. This will be obtained from process air at 60C and 10% RH by humidifying adiabatically the process air followed by heating to its original temperature. The wattage of the heater at 80% efficiency is Wet solid is to be dried from 36% to 8% moisture in 5 hr under constant drying condition. Critical and equilibrium moisture contents are 14 and 4% respectively. Calculate how much longer will it take to dry the same material from 8% to 5.5% moisture under constant drying condition. All moisture contents are on a dry basis. The unit of volumetric diffusivity is If reflux to a distillation column is 100 moles/hr, when the overhead product rate is 50 moles/hr. the reflux ratio is Which of the following provides maximum contact surface for a liquid-vapour system? In extraction, as the temperature increases, the area of heterogeneity (area covered by bimodal curve) The suitable evaporator for concentration of foaming liquids is Macroscopic transfer of mass between moving fluid and surface which is of different concentration is called For a packed column the main purpose of packing is to In a gas absorption operation, when the operating line crosses the equilibrium curve
1.77exp -6
5280.00
8490.00
10050.00
11570.00
1 hr
1.6 hr
2.3 hr
2.9 hr
cm^2/sec 0.50
cm/sec 2.00
cm^3/sec 50.00
cm^2/sec^2 150.00
packed lower decreases
bubble-cup plate column increases
sieve-plate column remains unchanged
wetted wall column
long tube evaporator molecular diffusion
short tube evaporator unsteady-state diffusion increase the surface area the liquid flow rate is maximum
vacuum evaporator convective mass transfer increase the pressure drop in the tower the gas flow rate is maximum
falling film evaporator all of these
strengthen the column the NTU is zero
reduce the flow rate across the column the number of stages is infinite
203
14
204
205
206
207
208
Methanol diffuses in 0.15 cm stagnant film of 1:1 mole mixture of hydrogen and CO2 at 100oC and 2 atm. The partial pressures of methanol on both sides are 0.6 and 0.2 atm. The average diffusivity of methanol in the hydrogen and CO2 at 0 oC and 1 atm in cm2/s is Gaseous reactant A decomposes according to the reaction A --> 3R (-rA = 0.5 CA mole/L-min). The feed, which consists of 70% A and 30% inert, enters a 1.5-m3 CSTR at a flow rate of 150 L/min. 4. If CA0 = 0.30 mole/L, what is the conversion, XA? Between 0 degC and 50 degC, the average activation energy of a certain reaction is 80 kJ/mol. How many times faster will the reaction occur at 300 K than at 275 K? Consider a gas-phase reaction 2A ---> R + 2S with unknown kinetics. A space velocity of 0.8/min is needed for 95% conversion of A in a PFR. Find the mean residence time or holding time of the fluid in the PFR. For Newtonian fluids, the shear stress is
0.15
0.31
0.51
0.68
0.92
0.86
0.71
0.65
14.70
18.50
20.90
22.40
0.54 min
0.85 min
0.87 min
1.18 min
constant.
inversely proportional to rate of deformation. incompressible & viscous 5.29
equal to shear rate of deformation. incompressible 1.84
209 210
An ideal fluid is one that is Water flows through an 8-in (ID=7.981 in) steel pipe at an average velocity of 6 ft/s. Downstream the pipe splits into an 8-in main and a 2 in (ID=2.067 in) bypass pipes. If the velocity in the bypass is twice the velocity of the main pipe, the volumetric flow rate [ft3/s] in the main pipe is An imaginary line within a fluid flow such that a tangent at any point indicates the direction of flow at that point. Air at 250C [viscosity=0.018 cP] enters a section of 2-in schedule 40 commercial steel pipe at a gauge pressure of 310 kPa and a flow rate of 1200 kg/h. Assuming isothermal flow, what is the pressure drop [kPa] in 60 m of pipe? A simple pitot tube measures Which of the following meters will have the highest permanent pressure loss? In the flow meter equation, Y, indicates the The loss due to sudden contraction is proportional to Stokes law is valid when the particle Reynolds number is Priming needed in a Maximum theoretical suction lift for water at 60F by a centrifugal pump is 34 ft. The same for water at 200F will be The most economical valve for use with large diameter pipes. Multistage compressors are used in industry because, they For ideally incompressible fluid, the mach number will be of the following produces maximum pressure difference for transportation of gases?
compressible 10.58
a linear function of the shear rate of deformation. incompressible & inviscid 0.25
211
stream tube
velocity profile
streamline
none of these
212
350.00
155.00
101.30
61.00
213 214 215 216 217 218 219
acoustical velocity pitot tube mass flow rate velocity <1 Reciprocating pump 40 ft
superficial velocity orifice compressibility factor turbulence >1 Gear pump 37 ft
mean linear velocity venturi coefficient of discharge velocity head <5 Centrifugal pump 34 ft
local velocity rotameter cross-sectional area static head 0.00 Diaphragm pump 8 ft
220 221
butterfly reduce the cost of compressor 0.00 vacuum pumps
globe reduce the size requirement 1.00 blowers
needle resemble closely to isothermal compression 1.50 fans
gate are easy to control
222 223
5.00 compressors
15
224 225
226
The fluid property which matters for falling rain drops to acquire spherical shape is its A wastewater solution having a volume of 1000 L contains 0.21 kg phenol/m3 of solution. A total of 1.40 kg fresh granular activated carbon is added to the solution, which is then mixed thoroughly to reach equilibrium. What is the amount of phenol absorbed per kg carbon at equilibrium? The overhead product composition decreases with time in For a binary mixture with low relativity, continuous rectification to get pure products will require Chemisorption is The stage efficiency in leaching depends on the
pressure 0.007 kg
height of descend 0.106 kg
viscosity 0.189 kg
surface tension 0.198 kg
batch distillation with reflux low reflux ratio the same as van der Waals time of contact between the solid and the solution increases tray efficiency extract phase and raffinate phase Distillation
continuous distillation with reflux small cross-section characterized by adsorption of heat rate of diffusion of the solute through the solid and into the liquid provides larger surface for mass transfer solvent phase and solute phase Leaching
continuous distillation without reflux less number of trays an irreversible phenomenon both A and B
distillation operating at total reflux high reflux ratio always in equilibrium either A or B because these two mean the same thing is due to bubble cups
227 228 229
230
Weeping in distillation or absorption column
results due to low gas velocity feed phase and solvent phase Absorption
231
What are the two contacting phase in leaching?
overflow and underflow Stripping
232
233
234 235
236
237
Hydrogen sulfide is removed from water by contacting the solution with warm air. The operation is Disregarding the cost, which is the best solvent for the extraction of acetic acid from an aqueous solution at 25deg C? Professional Regulations Commission was created under A chemical engineer who designed and built a new type pf reactor and for three years, sold many units to the public can still patent his reactor. A person who has passed the Chemical Licensure Examination can take his/her oath as a chemical engineer if his/her age is not less than _______ years. Which of the following is not a requirement for utility model registration? A section of the patent application containing detailed descriptions of the benefits obtained from using the invention is called the A document issued by the DENR secretary indicating that the proposed project will cause significant negative environmental impact. In the Philippines, sulfur for sulfuric acid manufacturing is sourced from _______ industry. Sulfur is undesirable in petroleum because Materials added to detergent formulation to enhance cleaning performance by exhibiting synergistic cleaning effect with surfactant. Polyethylene is an example of _____________ polymerization Principal chemical conversion in the production of resin from monomer. Carbon black is added to rubber compounding as The binder for all the powder materials of paint
caproic acid
chloroform
3-heptanol
toluene
P.D. No. 223 TRUE
P.D. No. 233 FALSE
P.D. No. 232 it depends
P.D. No. 826 not governed by law
18.00
19.00
21.00
23.00
inventive step
novelty
industrial applicability
a technical solution to problem claims
238
disclosure
abstract
request
239
Environmental Impact Statement paper it causes engine knocking fillers
Environmental Compliance Certificate cement it increases the boiling pt of fuel brighteners
Environmental Impact Assessment petroleum it poisons the catalyst in the refining process builders
Environmental Critical Project detergents all that are mentioned perfume
240 241 242
243 244 245 246
condensation condensation activator pigment
addition hydration curing agent vehicle
copolymerization polymerization retarders opacifier
natural alkylation fillers filler
16
247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254
A fibrous material left after cane sugar has been milled is commonly called as Molasses is a by product of raw sugar from the ______ process Kraft process is a common name for Water insoluble cell binders of wood DDT means Rancidity of oil can be reduced by Varnish does not contain Plasticizers are added to paints to
bagasse milling sulfate pulping pulp Diphenyldichlorotrip henylethane decoloration pigment make it corrosion resistant
pulp extraction sulfite pulping cellulose dichlorodiphenyldichlo roethane hydrogenation dryer make glossy surface
cellulose evaporation bleaching xylem Dichlorodiphenyldichlor obutane oxidation thinner increase atmospheric oxidation
waste crystallization calendering lignin diphenyldichlorotriph enylbutane purification anti-skinning agent give elasticity and prevent cracking of the film thermosetting plastic calendering polyester pigment 0.77
255 256 257 258 259
Silicone is The process involved in converting rubber into a thin sheet or coating it on fabric is called Alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS) is a Neoprene is a Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 10 MPa and 500 degC at a rate of 3 kg/s and leaves at 0.1 MPa. If the power output of the turbine is 2 MW, determine the turbine efficiency. Work is a Throttling process is
thermoplastic extrusion detergent monomer 0.23
a monomer mastication rubber synthetic rubber 0.32
an inorganic polymer vulcanization pesticide polyester 0.68
260 261
property of the system a reversible and isothermal process 0.00
path function an irreversible and constant entropy +1.13 kJ
state function a reversible and constant entropy process +1.57 kJ
state description of a system constant enthalpy process +2.27 kJ
262
263 264 265
A sample consisting of 1.00 mole of Argon gas is expanded isothermally and reversibly at 0C from 22.4L to 44.8L. The heat absorbed by the system is Maximum work can be obtained from a system when the change taking place in it is The ratio of work performed by a system and the heat it absorbed from a reservoir is referred to According to the first law of thermodynamics
isothermal Entropy Energy is neither lost nor gained in any energy transformation.
adiabatic Gibbs free energy Perpetual motion is possible.
reversible carnot efficiency Energy is conserved in quality but not in quantity.
irreversible Helmholtz free energy Energy is being created as time passes. We have more energy in the universe now than when time began. in between 0.84 and 0.90
266
267
In a 3-stage compressor system whose isentropic efficiencies are reported to be 0.75, 0.85 and 0.84, respectively, steam initially at 10 kPa is compressed to a final pressure of 500 kPa. The overall efficiency of the system is In choosing the refrigerant, the fluid must have the following characteristics, except
greater than 0.85
in between 0.75 and 0.85
less than 0.75
environmentally benign
has a vapor pressure less than atmospheric
must be economically viable
exist at a high pressure at the condensation temperature isentropic start of the process one isothermal, one isochoric and two adiabatic process specific volume
268 269 270
Coolers and boilers are ordinarily operated at ________ condition. For an isolated system, maximum entropy will occur at A carnot cycle consists of
isobaric half-life two isothermal and two adiabatic process sphericity
isenthalpic critical condition two isochoric and two adiabatic process porosity
isothermal equilibrium one isochoric, one isobaric, and two adiabatic process superficial velocity
271
This is also known as the volume fraction of the voids in packed beds.
17
272 273
274
A measure of the ratio of the drag force acting on a unit area of the impeller & the inertial stress. Sulfuric acid is pumped at 3 kg/s through a 60-m length of smooth 25 mm pipe. If the pressure drop falls by one-half, what will be the new flow rate [kg/s]? Assume the following properties of sulfuric acid: SG = 1.84, viscosity = 25 cP. The equation del(P) = -(rho)(g) del(z) is known as the hydrostatic vertical law for which all the following assumptions are applied, except Which of the following can be adjusted by human operator in a closed feedback control loop? The thermocouple is based on the Seebeck effect which states that a/an _____ is generated when opposite junction of certain dissimilar pairs of wires are exposed to different temperatures. Dead time is a function of distance and A pneumatic controller is used to control temperature within the range 280K to 310K. The controller is adjusted so that the output pressure goes from 20kPa (valve fully open) to 105 Kpa (valve fully closed) as the measured temperature goes from 295K to 300K with the sent point held constant. What is the proportional gain? The parameter which completely describes the behavior of the response to a disturbance of a second order system is the Water is flowing through a 3-inch schedule 40 pipe at 60 deg F. A pitot tube is inserted at the centerline of the pipe and registers a 3-inch Hg differential. What is the mass flow rate of the water? An oil well is 1200 ft below ground level. Oil at 500 psig at the bottom flows to ground level through a 12-inch schedule 80 commercial steel pipe. The oil has a SG of 0.86 and viscosity of 8 cP. The vol flow rate of oil in barrels per hour is The equivalent diameter of a concentric annular space where 1-inch OD pipe is located inside a 2inch ID pipe is Based on Bond's crushing law, the power required to crush a certain material will change by _____% if the diameter of the product is made smaller by 50%. The BPR of a 50% NaOH solution at an evaporator pressure of 4.7 psia is
Froude number 3.00
Reynolds number 2.00
Mach number 0.20
Power number 0.12
shear forces are not involved
fluid is incompressible
z axis is defined vertical & downward in direction
normal surface forces & gravity are the only forces involved load variable resistance
275 276
set point current
controller output temperature
process variable emf
277 278
momentum 2.83kPa/K
acceleration 0.35kPa/K
time 17kPa/K
velocity 0.06kPa/K
279
Time constant
damping coefficient
Rise time
overshoot
280
11.61 ft/s
37.1 kg/s
37.1 lb/s
317 lb/s
281
9365.00
9461.00
52581.00
393308.00
282
pi/4 inch
1 inch
1.5 inch
2 inches
283
20.20
41.40
50.50
58.60
284
73 degF
173 degF
233 degF
297 degF
18
ANSWERS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 A C D D B C C C D C D C C C C A B B D B C D B D D C B B B C C B B A C B B C B A A A B B C C A D B C 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 C A B B A C C B C D C D B A A C A C D A B A B D C B C A B A D C C D A D B A C B D A C C A D D B B B 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 A B A B C a C A C A B C A B B A C C D C D C A A B B C D D C B C C A A C A B B D C C B D C C B B B C 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 A A B A C C C B B B C B D B A C B D C C D B C C A A B B A C D C A B A D C B B C D A A D B C B A A A 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 C B D C C B B D D C C D D B B C A C B A C B D D B A D C C C D D C A A C A D B A A C B D A A C C B D 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 C B A D C D A B C B D C C C A B D A C A B D B C A C D C B C A B B A
19

Chemical Engineering Review Questions

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Chemical Engineering Review Questions

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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW QUESTIONS NO 1 QUESTION A valve that controls flow by means of a disk or wedge-shaped dam sliding at right

smooth pipes equal to the heat transfer coefficient of the oil

In multi-stage liquid-liquid extraction with partially miscible solvents

the amount of solvent used must be enough to form 2 phases. fractionation

variable reflux square liter/square mol/min large effect

maximum reflux square liter/square mol/square min little effect

minimum reflux mol/liter/min

optimum reflux liter/mol/min

the heat flux is constant separation plate

maximum heat transfer rate occurs at the surface theoretical plate

the heat transfer is constant transition plate

the temperature is uniform throughout the cylinder bubble plate

vent constant throughout the reactor

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW QUESTIONS

In fractionation, an increase in reflux ratio

increases the amount of distillate the gas phase resistance is negligible

Peclet, Stanton and Prandtl Nos 45-degree standard elbow compressor

gauge pressure phase change 212 deg F

velocity pressure reaction component 80 deg F

tangential pressure concentration gradient 113 deg F

static pressure momentum gradient 146 deg F

over 100,000 but less than a million

over 100 but less than 200

over 2 but less than 3

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW QUESTIONS

wet-bulb temperature 74.30

according to the phase rule, the degrees of freedom is 3 0.10

the system can be well insulated from the surroundings 0.05

the temperature of the air can also be maintained constant 0.02

increase in the humidity of the air is insignificant 0.01

increases with time to use counter current operation 0.80

decreases with time to use cross flow evaporation 1.50

no drying takes place to use spray percolators 2.30

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW QUESTIONS

convection convection sum of the individual conductances boiling 99.95

conduction conduction sum of the individual conductivities condensation 415.70

radiation radiation inverse of the total resistance evaporation 451.70

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW QUESTIONS

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW QUESTIONS

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW QUESTIONS

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW QUESTIONS

both contain the same no of air molecules

increases 4 times decreases.

increases by about 40% stays constant.

limiting reactant recycle ratio

tie substance combined feed ratio

excess reactant reactant ratio

product yield fresh-feed conversion

Gross Calorific Value cooked coal

Heat of combustion ash

Latent Heat of Condensation moisture

103 104 105

Proximate analysis SO2-free basis Calderwood equation 26.63

Modified analysis SO3-free basis Theoretical Oxygen Equation 28.32

Ultimate analysis O2-free basis Dulong's formula

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW QUESTIONS

dew point at 20degC PhP 405

70% RH PhP 424.26

absolute humidity of 0.05 PhP 434.16

60% saturation PhP 450

the net equation

removing the products of the reaction the rate law.

does not depend on the initial concentrations