Information Systems and Statistical

Analysis
• This is by itself one form of management
• Can be applied to assist in organisational
change and introducing innovation
• At the University:
– You are being watched/monitored
– Educational institutions need information and
feedback to see whether their services meet
the requirement of various parties. To remain
competitive.
• Managers need MIS for effective
operation.
• MIS is indispensable for planning, decision
making and control.
• How quickly and accurately managers
receive information about what is going
right and what is going wrong largely
determines how effective the control
system will be.
 Information and Control
• Nature of Information
– Quality
– Timeliness
– Quantity
– Relevance
Management Information Systems
• Computer-based information system for
more effective planning, decision making
and control.

Data
• Raw, unanalysed numbers and facts

Information
• Data that have been organised or
analysed in some meaningful way
 MIS
• Definition: a formal method of making available
to management the accurate and timely
information necessary to facilitate the decision
making process and enable the organisation’s
planning, control, and operational functions to be
carried out effectively.
• Info about past, present and projected future and
about relevant events inside and outside the
organisation.
 Statistical Information
• Central tendency statistics:
– Mean
– Median Type of data:
– Mode – Nominal
– Ordinal
• Dispersion
– Interval
– Std deviation
– Ratio
– Variance
– Range
– Minimum & Maximum
• Distribution
– Skewness
– Kurtosis
It is useless to just present raw data the
same way it is obtained by the
researcher

The need for data reduction

Regrouping into meaningful data/categories

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Measures of Association
Can be examined through cross tabulations.
The corresponding measure for the type of
data is as follows:
Both nominal, use lambda, 0 ≤ λ ≤ 1
Both ordinal, use gamma, -1 ≤ γ ≤ 1
Both interval/ratio, use pearson’s product-
moment correlation, -1 ≤ r ≤ 1

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Measures of Association and Levels of Measurement
Dependent variable