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Lecture 25
Music
Who is the Artist? A) B) C) D) E) The Band Bob Seger CCR Eagles Steve Miller Band
Why? SOMETIMES PERSISTENCE PAYS OFF. CCR CCR CCR CCR!!!! it means Creedence Clearwater Revival BTW! and they are the best band ever! anyone with style would play this in lecture
Your Comments
Finally, something tangible! Can you link polarization in this unit to the polarization from the previous unit? Also, Well go over the key steps which beam are we considering polarized in the water example, the refracted or the reflected? confused about the polarization and E fields of the waves when reflected/ refracted... I'm not sure that I quite understand how the light becomes polarized from the reflection off of a surface. the swimming pool question is interesting:) obviously, the checkpoints We will definitely discuss the pool.. a small demo, even
Note that the Reflection, Refraction and Lenses HW is now available (due Nov. 29)
Hour Exam 3: 2 weeks from tomorrow (Wed. Nov. 30) covers L19-26 inclusive (LC circuits to lenses)
Sign up for conflicts, etc. no later than Fri. Nov. 18 at 10:00 p.m.
PLEASE ANSWER THIS IN LECTURE!!!!! everyone has been asking if this class is curved at all. none of the TA's know so will you let us know if it is?! THANKS :)
05
from n1 to n2
from n1 to n2
since 0 <
vmedium = c / nmedium
A ray of light passes from air into water with an angle of incidence of 30 degrees.
Checkpoint 1a
Which of the following quantities does not change as the light enters the water? A. wavelength B. frequency C. speed of propagation Well it stated in the prelecture the speed's change, and the index is frequency dependent so, I'm choosing wavelength.
A ray of light passes from air into water with an angle of incidence of 30 degrees.
Checkpoint 1a
Which of the following quantities does not change as the light enters the water? A. wavelength B. frequency C. speed of propagation
What about the wave must be the same on either side ??? Observers in both media must agree on the frequency of vibration of the molecules
Reflection
D sin 2 D sin 1 = c / n2 c / n1
n2 sin 2 = n1 sin 1
x1 l1
D
y1
y2 x2
l2 B
Time from A to B :
To find minimum time, differentiate t wrt x1 and set = 0 How is x2 related to x1? Setting dt/dx1 = 0
l l t= 1+ 2 = v1 v2
2 2 2 2 x1 + y1 x2 + y 2 + v1 v2
x1 x 2 =0 v1l1 v2l2
n1 sin 1 = n2 sin 2
Checkpoint 2a
C. n1 < n2
Snell's law demonstrates that when the angle of incidence is smaller, the index of refraction is larger.
the index of refraction is usually greater as it passes through different mediums other than air. more refraction in n2, thus it is bigger
Physics 212 Lecture 25, Slide 12
Checkpoint 2a
C. n1 < n2
1 > c
A light ray travels in a medium with n1 and completely reflects from the surface of a medium n2.
Checkpoint 2b
C. both n1 and n2
A light ray travels in a medium with n1 and completely reflects from the surface of a medium n2.
Checkpoint 2b
C. both n1 and n2
Intensity
If two materials have the same n then its hard to tell them apart.
Physics 212 Lecture 25, Slide 17
Polarization
56.3
1 + 2 = 90
n2 tan1 = n1
Physics 212 Lecture 25, Slide 18
A ray of light passes from air into water with an angle of incidence of 30 degrees.
Checkpoint 1b
Some of the light also reflects off the surface of the water. If the incident light is initially unpolarized, the reflected light will be A. unpolarized B. somewhat horizontally polarized C. somewhat vertically polarized The light will be unpolarized until the Brewster's angle is reached where the light becomes horizontally polarized.
A ray of light passes from air into water with an angle of incidence of 30 degrees.
Checkpoint 1b
Some of the light also reflects off the surface of the water. If the incident light is initially unpolarized, the reflected light will be A. unpolarized B. somewhat horizontally polarized C. somewhat vertically polarized
o = horizontal
A ball sits in the bottom of an otherwise empty tub at the front of the room. Suppose N people sit high enough to see the ball (N = ).
A ball sits in the bottom of an otherwise empty tub at the front of the room. Suppose N people sit high enough to see the ball (N = ).
Suppose I fill the tub with water but the ball doesnt move. Will more or less people see the ball? A) More people will see the ball B) Same # will see the ball C) Less people will see the ball
??
A w
Snells Law: ray bent away from normal going from water to air
Physics 212 Lecture 25, Slide 22
A light is shining at the bottom of a swimming pool (shown in yellow in the figure). A person is standing at the edge of the pool.
Checkpoint 3
Can the person standing on the edge of the pool be prevented from seeing the light by total internal reflection at the water-air surface? A. yes B. no There is a critical angle where the light is perfectly reflected back at the surface of water From experience I think no, but from prelecture, I think yes. The light will span the entire area over the pool, so even if the line that connects the man to the light will be below the critical angle, there will be another beam that is able to reach the man. not all off the light from the light will be at the correct angle for total internal reflection Physics 212 Lecture 25, Slide 23
A light is shining at the bottom of a swimming pool (shown in yellow in the figure). A person is standing at the edge of the pool.
Checkpoint 3
Can the person standing on the edge of the pool be prevented from seeing the light by total internal reflection at the water-air surface? A. yes B. no
The light would go out in all directions, so only some of it would be internally reflected. The person would see the light that escaped after being refracted.
97
air = 90
sinwater =
na n 1 sin90 = a = nw nw 1.33
water = 48.5
Physics 212 Lecture 25, Slide 25
Exercise
A meter stick lies at the bottom of a rectangular water tank of height 50cm. You look into the tank at an angle of 45o relative to vertical along a line that skims the top edge of the tank. What is the smallest number on the ruler that you can see?
45o
nwater = 1.33 50 cm
20
40
60
80
100
Conceptual Analysis: - Light is refracted at the surface of the water Strategy: - Determine the angle of refraction in the water and extrapolate this to the bottom of the tank.
Exercise
A meter stick lies at the bottom of a rectangular water tank of height 50cm. You look into the tank at an angle of 45o relative to vertical along a line that skims the top edge of the tank. What is the smallest number on the ruler that you can see?
45o
nwater = 1.33 50 cm
20
40
60
80
100
If you shine a laser into the tank at an angle of 45o, what is the refracted angle R in the water ? A) R = 28.3o B) R = 32.1o C) R = 38.7o
Exercise
A meter stick lies at the bottom of a rectangular water tank of height 50cm. You look into the tank at an angle of 45o relative to vertical along a line that skims the top edge of the tank. What is the smallest number on the ruler that you can see?
45o
nwater = 1.33
R
50 cm
20
40
60
80
100
R = 32.1o
A) 31.4 cm
C) 44.1 cm
Follow-Up
A meter stick lies at the bottom of a rectangular water tank of height 50cm. You look into the tank at an angle of 45o relative to vertical along a line that skims the top edge of the tank.
45o
50 cm
nwater = 1.33
20
40
60
80
100
If the tank were half full of water, what number would the laser hit? (When full, it hit at 31.4 cm) A) 25 cm B) 31.4 cm C) 32.0 cm D) 40.7 cm E) 44.2 cm
45o
45o
nwater = 1.33
R
50 cm
d = 31.4 cm
0 20 40 60 80 100
50 cm
d = 50 cm
0 20 40 60 80 100
R = 32.1o
45o
50 cm
R 0 20 40
nwater = 1.33
d = 40.7 cm
60 80 100
Physics 212 Lecture 25, Slide 30
25 cm + (31.4/2) cm
More Practice
A monochromatic ray enters a slab with n1 = 1.5 at an angle b as shown
b
TOP n=1 n1 = 1.5 BOTTOM n=1
(A) Total internal reflection at the top occurs for all angles b, such that sinb < 2/3
(B)
Total internal reflection at the top occurs for all angles b, such that sinb > 2/3
(C) There is no angle b (0 < b < 90o) such that total internal reflection occurs at top.
Snells law:
n1 sin 1 = n2 sin 2
nsin is conserved
Follow-Up
A ray of light moves through a medium with index of refraction n1 and is incident upon a second material (n2) at angle 1 as shown. This ray is then totally reflected at the interface with a third material (n3). Which statement must be true? 1 n1 n2 n3 1
(A)
n3 < n1
(B) n1 < n3 n2
(C)
n3 n2
If n1 = n3
n1 n2 n3 1
n3 < n1
Physics 212 Lecture 25, Slide 32
Does gravity affect reflection/refraction? Would the reflection of the ray depend on say where you are in space? ex: standing on jupiter etc?
Gravity affects the path taken by light, but small effect: Einstein ring