Anatomy and Physiology Renal and Urinary tract System

The Renal and Urinary System composed of: Macroscopic Structure 1. Kidney- one of a bean shaped, purplish brown organs in the dorsal part of the abdomen, one is located in each side of the vertebral column between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae. The right kidney is slightly lower than left. 11 cm long, 6 cm wide, and 2.5 thick Functions:  Urine formation  Excretion of waste products  Regulations of electrolytes  Regulation of acid-base balance  Control of blood pressure  Regulation of red blood cell production  Synthesis of vitamin D to active form Protected by: Renal capsule Adipose capsule Renal fasciae Perirenal fats (2) Region of kidney 1. Renal parenchyma 2. Renal pelvis (2) Division of the kidney 1. Cortex 2. Medulla Nephrons- is the functional unit of the kidney 1 million each kidney and for the initial urine production. (2) Nephrons structures 1. Glomerulus- for filtration 2. Tubules-for reabsorption (2) Types of Nephrons 1. Cortical nephron 2. juxtamedullary nephron

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2. Ureter-one pair of tubes, about 24-30 cm long that carries urine from the kidney into the bladder. Each tube is composed of a fibrous, muscular and mucous coat and divides into an abdominal part and pelvic part. (3) Narrow part of the ureter 1. ureteropelvic junction 2. ureteral segment 3. ureterovesical junction

3. Bladder-is a muscular, hollow sac located just behind the pubic bone. The capacity is 400-500 ml. (4) Layers of the bladder 1. adventitia 2. detrusor 3. submucosal lining 4. mucosal lining 4. Urethra-a small tubular structure that drains the urine form the bladder in the female it is 3 cm long and in men is 20 cm. it serves as for passage way for semen during ejaculation and for canal of urine during voiding. Blood Supply Heart Aorta Renal artery Segmental artery Lobar artery Interlobar artery Arcuate artery Interlobar artery afferent arteriole Glomerulus Efferent arteriole Peritubular capillaries and vasa recta Interlobar vein Arcuate vein Interlobar vein Renal vein Inferior vena cava Microscopic structure 1. Glomerulus 2. Bowmans capsule 3. Proximal tubules 4. Loop of Henle 5. Distal tubules 6. Collecting ducts 7. Renal papilla 8. Minor/Major calyx 9. Renal pelvis