Welding Design

1. This topics will be discussed in one session of the lecture 2. However, an extensive discussion about welding will NOT be covered for mechanical program such as: Stresses in welded joint in torsion and bending The strength of welded joints Static and fatigue loading applied on welded joints Resistance welding

Permanent Joints
Permanent joint covers joint such as:      Welding Brazing Soldering Cementing Gluing The advantages of permanent joint are it will eliminate fasteners, holes, and assembly cost

Welding Symbols

Basic Weld Symbols

Fillet Welds

Butt and Fillet Welds

A Transverse Fillet Weld

This stress can be divided into two components, a shear stress and a normal stress. There are

In fig. below these are entered into a Morrs circle diagram. The largest principal stress is seen to be

Stress Distribution in Fillet Welds

Thus the equation for average stress is

and is normally used in designing joints having fillet welds.

A double-filleted lap joint doubleSince there are two welds, the throat area for both is

The average shear stress is therefore

(9-3) (9-

Torsion in Welded Joints

The reaction at the support cantilever always consists of a shear force V and a moment M. The shear force produces a primary shear in the welds of magnitude (9-4) (9Where A is the throat area of all the welds. The moment at the support produces secondary shear or torsion of the welds, and this stress is (9-5) (9r = distance from the centroid J = polar moment inertia

Figure 9-11 A moment connection 9-

Figure 9-12 shows two welds in a group. The rectangle represent the throat areas of 9the welds. Weld 1 has a throat width b1 0.70hl; and weld 2 has a throat width d2 = 0.707h2. Note that h1 and h2 are the respective weld sizes. The throat area of both welds is A = A1 + A2 = B1D1 + B2D2
(a)

Since the throat width of a fillet weld is 0.707h, the relationship between the unit polar moment of inertia and the polar moment of inertia of a fillet weld is J = 0.707hJu

Table 9-1 Torsional 9Properties of Fillet Welds

EXAMPLE 9-1 9-

A 50 kN load is transferred from a welded fitting into a 200mm steel as illustrated in figure 9-13. Compute the maximum stress in the weld. 9-

Solution a) Label the end and corners of each weld by letter. Sometimes it is desirable to label each weld of a set by number. See figure 9-14 9b) Compute the primary shear stress. As shown in figure 9-13 each plate is welded to 9the channel using three 6mm fillet welds. Figure 9-14 show that we have divided 9the load in half and are considering only a single plate. From case 4 of table 9-1 9we find the throat area as A = 0.707(6)[2(56) + 190] = 1280 mm2 Then the primary shear stress is