Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources Drake, Stillman, and S. E. Sciortino. "Galileo Galilei." Webexhibits.org. IDEA, 2008. Web. 05 Feb.

2012. <http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/year-text-Galileo.html>. I used this website for its translation of Galileo's note to the reader in the Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences. This is a primary document because it was Galileos own words. Galilei, Galileo, and S. W. Hawking. Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences. Philadelphia: Running, 2002. Print. This book discusses several theorems and experiments of thirty years. It explains dynamics, elasticity, sound, strength of materials, etc. It is a translation of Galileos own book. However it has been edited, with commentary, by Stephen Hawking. "Galileo and the New Star." The International Journal of Scientific History. Web. 2 Jan. 2012. <http://www.dioi.org/kn/NewStar.pdf>. This was a pdf file on the new star that Galileo had discovered in the spring of 1604. It provides a translation of a fragment of the lecture noted that Galileo gave to a group of three hundred people. I used this evidence in my website for the supernova discovery. This is a primary document because the lecture was Galileos own words. "Galileo Galilei Quotes." Famous Quotes at BrainyQuote. BookRags Media Network, 2001. Web. 08 Feb. 2012. <http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/g/galileo_galilei.html>. I used several quotes made by Galileo form this website. This is a primary source because these were Galileo's own words. "Galileo's Sidereus Nunicus: 1610 Proof." Geocentricity.com. 16 July 2010. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. <http://www.geocentricity.com/conference/Frank/epicycle_conference_bible_3_final.pdf

>. I used this website for the translation of Galileo's proof of the Copernican system in the Sidereus Nuncius. This is a primary source because it was Galileos own words. Hansen, Kelli. "Index, Imprimatur, and Banned Books Week." Scripta Manent. Special Collections and Rare Books, 28 Sept. 2011. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. <http://mulibraries.missouri.edu/blogs/specialcollections/?p=818>. I used this website for its image of the first edition of Galileo's Dialogo. This was a primary source because the image was of the first edition of Galileos book although the image itself is not primary. Helden, Al. "Galileo's Sunspot Drawings." The Galileo Project. 1995. Web. 05 Feb. 2012. <http://galileo.rice.edu/sci/observations/sunspot_drawings.html>. This website contains several images of Galileo's sunspot sketches which I used for my slideshow. This is a primary source because Galileo created these sketches of the sunspots himself. Helden, Al. "Sidereus Nunicus: The Starry Messenger." History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge. Kemal De Soysa and the Department of History and Philosophy of Science of the University of Cambridge, 1999. Web. 05 Feb. 2012. <http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk/starry/galsidnun.html>. I used this website for its translation of the title page of the Sidereus Nuncius. This is a primary source because Galileo had written the Sidereus Nunicus. Helden, Albert. "Galileo's Moon- Then and Now." The Galileo Project. University of Chicago Press, 1989. Web. 05 Feb. 2012. <http://galileo.rice.edu/lib/student_work/astronomy95/moon.html>. I used this website for Galileo's words on the moon. This is a primary source because I used the part of what Galileo had actually said in the Sidereus Nunicus.

"Kepler and the Star of Bethlehem." Share Book Recommendations With Your Friends, Join Book Clubs, Answer Trivia. Goodreads Inc, 24 Dec. 2011. Web. 05 Feb. 2012. <http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1087499.William_Eamon/blog>. I used this website of its image of Kepler's depiction of the 1604 supernova. This is a primary source because it was Johannes Keplers own depiction. "NASA Lunar Science Institute." Nasa. Web. 02 Jan. 2012. <http://lunarscience.nasa.gov/articles/international-year-of-astronomy-salutes-galileo>. I used this website for the image of Galileo's sketches of the moon. They highlighted the moon's imperfections soon noted as mountains and valleys. In addition the site talks about the church and its effects on the discoveries of Galileo. This is a primary source because it shows the actual sketches that Galileo had made of the moon. Paul, Halsall. "The Crime of Galileo: Indictment and Abjuration of 1633." Internet Modern History Sourcebook, July 1998. Web. 01 Jan. 2012. <http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1630galileo.asp>. I used this website to get documents on the crime of Galileo. The ones that I used were the Indictment and Abjuration ad Galileo's Abjuration. These are primary documents because these are the actual documents used during Galileos trial. Preuss, Paul. "Astronomy, Astrophysics, Cosmology: 400 Years of a Changing Universe." Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Web. 05 Feb. 2012. <http://www.lbl.gov/Publications/YOS/Jul/>. I used this website for the exact words that Saul Perlmutter said about Galileo when receiving his award. This is a primary source because it is Perlmutters actual words.

Rieke, George H. "Galileo." Web. 2 Jan. 2012. <http://ircamera.as.arizona.edu/NatSci102/NatSci102/lectures/galileo.htm>. From this website I used Galileo's notes of the four satellites of Jupiter. This is a primary source because it is Galileos original notes. "Science & Technology: Astronomy Features: The Discovery of the Galilean Satellites." Solar System Exploration. Nasa. Web. 02 Jan. 2012. <http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/scitech/display.cfm?ST_ID=2283>. In this website the writer just focuses on the discovery of the satellites of Jupiter. It talks about when he first observed the moons and has his observations that he published in Sidereus Nuncius in March 1610. This website had several primary sources in it. It had a translation of Galileos notes on the satellites of Jupiter, it had excerpts of Galileo's writing about Jupiter from the Sidereus Nuncius, and it had Johannes Keplers suggestions to Simon Marius. Sperlari, Cristina. "The Starry Messenger Galileo Galilei Told the Children." The Little Friedrich. 1 July 2011. Web. 05 Feb. 2012. <http://ilpiccolofriedrich.blogspot.com/2011/07/il-sidereus-nuncius-di-galileogalilei.html>. I used the image of the title page of the Sidereus Nuncius from this website. This was a primary source because it was a picture of the actual title page of the actual Sidereus Nuncius. Secondary Sources Benson, Kit, and Morgan Benson. "Galileo Galilei." Find A Grave, Inc, 1 Jan. 2001. Web. 01 Jan. 2012. <http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=1899>. This website provides information on Galileo's life from the very beginning until his death. The website also has images of Galileo himself and of his tomb. I used this information

in the biography part of my website. It is considered a secondary source because it is someone elses words about his life. Coffey, Jerry. "Geocentric Theory." Universe Today Space and Astronomy News. Universe Today, 24 Aug. 2010. Web. 08 Feb. 2012. <http://www.universetoday.com/71978/geocentric-theory/>. I used this website for its image of the geocentric model of the universe for the Copernican Theory of my website. This is a secondary source because it includes information explaining the geocentric theory. Crombie, Alistair C. The History of Science from Augustine to Galileo. Mineola: Dover Publications, 1995. Print. This book was about the evaluation and development of science through history. It contains information about different scientists and their contributions to scientific history. The parts that I used for my website were the parts that specifically talked about Galileo. I used the information to gain more knowledge on my topic. This is a secondary source because it is someone elses words describing what Galileo did. Davidson, Michael W. "Janssen's Microscope." Molecular Expressions Microscopy Primer: Museum of Microscopy- The Janssen Microscope. The Florida State University, 1998. Web. 05 Feb. 2012. <http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/museum/janssen.html>. I used this website for its image of the first compound microscope. This is a secondary source because the image is just a sketch of what the microscope looked like and it and it was not from that time. Fowler, Michael. "Galileo and the Telescope." Galileo. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://galileo.phys.virginia.edu/classes/109N/lectures/galtel.htm>. This website talked about Copernicus and his theory. It also talked about the evolution of the telescope and

the discovery of mountains on the moon by Galileo. I used this information in the discoveries part of my website. This is a secondary source because it is someone elses words about the topic. "Galileo Galilei." Crystalinks. Web. 01 Jan. 2012. <http://www.crystalinks.com/galileo.html>. This website gives information on Galileo's early life and career and the discoveries made by the telescope. There is also a lot of information of Galileo and the Copernican theory. I used this website for its image of Galileo that it had as well as the information. This is a secondary source because the image of Galileo is just a drawing; not an actual painting from that time. "Galileo: The Telescope & the Laws of Dynamics." Web. 5 Feb. 2012. <http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/history/galileo.html>. I used this website for information on Galileo's discovery of sunspots and the moons of Jupiter. I also used it for Galileo's relationship with the church and the invention of the telescope. This is a secondary document because it is not an original document. "Galileo's Telescope At 400: From Spyglasses to Hubble." Daily Nature and Science News and Headlines | National Geographic News. National Geographic Society, 1996. Web. 01 Jan. 2012. <http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/08/photogalleries/galileostelescope-pictures-anniversary/index.html>. This National Geographic article is a short article on Galileo. I mainly used this website for the image of Galileo looking through his telescope into space. This is a secondary document because again it is not an original document. It is someone elses words describing Galileos life. "Galileo's Telescope Debuted 400 Years Ago Today." Mashable Social Media. Mashable, Inc., 2005-2011. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://mashable.com/2009/08/24/galileos-telescope/>. I

used this website just for the picture of Galileo showing his telescope to the nobility to include in my website. This is a secondary source because it is not an original drawing or picture. "Galileo's Telescope Reaches 400th Anniversary | Technology | Guardian.co.uk." Latest News, Sport and Comment from the Guardian | The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited, 2011. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/blog/2009/aug/25/galileos-telescope-400-yearsanniversary>. This article is about the celebration of the four hundred years since the famous philosopher Galileo. It describes the first models of the telescope devised in the Netherlands. In addition, it talks about the discovery of the physical attributes of the moon and planetary system of the sun being in the center of the solar system. This is a secondary document because the article is a publication. It is not an original document. Hatch, Robert A. "Major Figures of the Scientific Revolution." University of Florida, Feb. 1999. Web. 2012. <http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/ufhatch/HIS-SCI-STUDYGUIDE/0064_majorFiguresSciRev.html>. I used this website to get more information on famous figures of the Scientific Revolution. This was helpful for my historical context. This is also a secondary source because again it is a publication and not any type of original document. Helden, Al Van. "Science | Telescope." The Galileo Project. 1995. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://galileo.rice.edu/sci/instruments/telescope.html>. This website contains details on the telescope itself and how it was an important part of the Scientific Revolution. It gives specific descriptions of the telescope and what was used to make it. In addition it talks about how it was unveiled in the Netherlands and how it spread across Europe. In

addition it talks about the uses of the telescope and new forms of it. This is a secondary source because it is someone elses research about the invention. Helden, Albert Van. "Chronology | Galileo Timeline." The Galileo Project. Web. 01 Jan. 2012. <http://galileo.rice.edu/chron/galileo.html>. This provided a very descriptive timeline, which is a secondary source, of Galileo's history starting from his death. There is plenty of information in this timeline which even goes into specific months of a certain year. It was very helpful and I used it to obtain more information of Galileo's life and activities. "How Galileo Proved That Spots Were on the Sun." Stanford Solar Center. Stanford SOLAR Center, 2008. Web. 05 Feb. 2012. <http://solarcenter.stanford.edu/sunspots/galileo1.html>. I used this website for its information on Galileo's discovery of sunspots. This is a secondary source because again it is someones research about the topic. Kauf, Darius. "How Powerful Were the Medieval Inquisitors?" Dariusz Marcin Sedzicki, 2006. Web. 2 Jan. 2012. <http://dariuskauf.webs.com/essaysandarticles.htm>. This site gives information on how powerful the medieval visitors were. There is a picture of the Malleus Maleficarum which was written as a manual for inquisitors. The topic is on how the church affected Galileo and includes a painting of when he was facing the inquisition. I used this information to help me with my writing on why Galileo went to jail and used the picture of him facing the inquisition. This was a secondary source because there was research done to explain about Galileo and the church. Morris, Jim, and Rhoda Morris. "Rhoda & Jim with the Magic Wands for Teaching and Touching Science." HISTORICAL INSTRUMENTS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY FOR SALE & FOR Media PROPS. 25 Sept. 2009. Web. 09 Feb. 2012.

<http://scitechantiques.com/Galileo_telescope/>. I used this website for its image of Galileo's telescope currently displayed at the Griffith Observatory. This is a secondary source because it is not Galileo's original telescope although it is a real object now residing at an observatory. Owen, James. "GALILEO'S TELESCOPE AT 400: Facts, Myths, More." Daily Nature and Science News and Headlines | National Geographic News. National Geographic Society, 1996. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/08/090825galileos-telescope-400-anniversary-facts.html>. This National Geographic article talked about Galileo's enemies and how he was not the first stargazer. It talks about the observations made through the telescope. This provided me with more information on his discoveries. This is a secondary source because it is an article written by someone about Galileo. "Photo: GALILEO'S TELESCOPE AT 400: Facts, Myths, More." Daily Nature and Science News and Headlines | National Geographic News. National Geographic, 1996. Web. 16 Jan. 2012. <http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/bigphotos/33056056.html>. I used this website for its photo of when Galileo explains the phases of the moon to clergy members in Italy. This is a secondary source because it is not a painting from the time period. Plotner, Tammy. "Galileos Telescope." Universe Today Space and Astronomy News. Universe Today, 1999-2011. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://www.universetoday.com/15763/galileos-telescope/>. This article was specifically about the history of Galileo's telescope, what Galileo saw with his telescope, what his telescope was and its function as well as where his telescope is today. I used the

information to gain more knowledge and research for my website and used the images as well. This is a secondary document because the writer explains how the telescope worked and the history behind it. Reeves, Eileen Adair. Galileo's Glassworks: The Telescope and the Mirror. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 2008. Print. This book was about the invention of the telescope and how it changed the course of Galileo's life and early modern astronomy. It also talks about when it was first invented in The Hague in 1608 as well as how Galileo found out about it late. Along with a chronology of Galileo's life there is also information about how at first he did not understand the basic design of the telescope. This is a secondary source because it is someone elses writing about the topic. Sanders, Robert. "Saul Perlmutter Awarded 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics." UC Berkely News Center. UC Regents, 2012. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. <http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2011/10/04/saul-perlmutter-awarded-2011-nobel-prizein-physics/>. I used this website to gain more knowledge on Saul Perlmutter and how he received a noble prize. This is a secondary source because it is someone elses writing about Perlmutter. "The Scientific Revolution The Significant Moments In Our History." The Significant Moments In Our History, 7 Aug. 2009. Web. 01 Jan. 2012. <http://www.osldb.org/thescientific-revolution.shtml>. From this website I obtained a picture of the instrument from the Scientific Revolution. The article discusses the period of the Scientific Revolution and the people that were involved with it as well as certain theorems and discoveries. This is a secondary source because it is a summary of what happened during the scientific revolution.

Sobel, Dava. Galileo's Daughter. Walker, 1999. Print. This book was about how Galileo's daughter Virginia was his greatest support when he was put to trial. He had discovered that the earth revolves around the sun and was accused of heresy. This book mainly deals about the relationship with his daughter and the Church being against him. This is a secondary source because it is someone elses words about the relationship between Galileo and his daughter. Visit-Venice-Italy.com. Web. 05 Feb. 2012. <http://www.visit-venice-italy.com/bell-towervenice-italy/campanile-saint-mark-loggia-galileo-venice.htm>. I used this website for its image of Galileo showing the telescope to merchants of Venice. This is a secondary source because it also has other information on Galileo and his telescope.