choi (amc4689) H01: Fundamentals mccord (50950) This print-out should have 16 questions.

ns. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page nd all choices before answering. 001 10.0 points Which compound has the wrong chemical formula? 1. Mg(OH)2 2. Ba3 (PO4 )2 3. CaOH correct 4. (NH4)2 SO4 Explanation: The calcium ion is Ca2+ ; the hydroxide ion is OH . Two OH are needed to balance the charge of each Ca2+ , so the formula is Ca(OH)2 . The magnesium ion is Mg2+ ; the hydroxide ion is OH . Two OH are needed to balance the charge of each Mg2+ , so the formula is Mg(OH)2 . The barium ion is Ba2+ ; the phosphate ion is PO3 . Two PO3 are needed to balance 4 4 the charge of every three Ba2+ . (This gives a total anion charge of 6 and a total cation charge of +6.) The formula is Ba3 (PO4 )2 . The ammonium ion is NH+ ; the sulfate ion 4 is SO2 . Two NH+ are needed to balance 4 4 the charge of each SO2 , so the formula is 4 (NH4)2 SO4 . 002 10.0 points Which one has the greatest number of atoms? 1. 3.05 moles of water 2. 3.05 moles of helium 3. All have the same number of atoms 4. 3.05 moles of CH4 correct 5. 3.05 moles of argon Explanation: For 3.05 moles of water: ? atoms = 3.05 mol H2O

3 atoms 1 molecule = 5.51 1024 atoms For 3.05 moles of CH4 :

6.02 1023 molec 1 mol

6.02 1023 molec ? atoms = 3.05 mol CH4 1 mol 5 atoms 1 molecule = 9.18 1024 atoms For 3.05 moles of helium: ? atoms = 3.05 mol He = 1.84 1024 For 3.5 moles of argon: ? atoms = 3.05 mol Ar = 1.84 1024 6.02 1023 atoms 1 mol atoms 6.02 1023 atoms 1 mol atoms

003 10.0 points If 100.0 grams of copper (Cu) completely reacts with 25.0 grams of oxygen, how much copper(II) oxide (CuO) will form from 140.0 grams of copper and excess oxygen? (Note: CuO is the only product of this reaction.) 1. 35.0 g 2. 160.0 g 3. 150.0 g 4. 175.0 g correct 5. 200.0 g Explanation: mCu, ini = 100.0 g mO2 = 25.0 g mCu, n = 140.0 g If 100 g copper and 25 g oxygen react completely with each other, there must be 125 g of product formed (law of conservation of mass). This product is CuO.

choi (amc4689) H01: Fundamentals mccord (50950) Now we have a ratio: for every 100 g of Cu reacted, 125 g of CuO will be produced (assuming there is enough oxygen). We use this ratio to nd the mass of CuO that could be formed from 140 g of Cu and excess oxygen. We set our known ratio (100 g Cu : 125 g CuO) equal to our experimental ratio (140 g Cu : x g CuO) and solve for the unknown: 100 g Cu 140 g Cu = 125 g CuO x (140 g Cu) (125 g CuO) x= 100 g Cu = 175 g CuO 004 10.0 points What is the volume of 1.56 kg of a compound whose molar mass is 81.86 g/mole and whose density is 41.2 g/mL? 1. 0.464 mL 2. 3110 mL 3. 37.9 mL correct 4. 3.11 mL 5. 7.83 mL 6. 64,300 mL Explanation: m = 1.56 kg density = 41.2 g/mL MW = 81.86 g/mol 2. 3.74 g correct 3. 21.2 g 4. 8.74 g 5. 7.5 g Explanation: miron = 8.74 g

moxide = 12.5 g

The balanced equation for the reaction tells us that 4 mol Fe reacts with 3 mol O2 to produce 2 mol Fe2 O3 . We have two possible starting points. We know 12.5 g Fe2 O3 was produced and that 8.74 g Fe was present at the start of the reaction. Choosing the 12.5 g of Fe2 O3 to start with, rst we convert to moles using the molar mass: ? mol Fe2 O3 = 12.5 g Fe2 O3 1 mol Fe2 O3 159.7 g Fe2 O3 = 0.0783 mol Fe2 O3 Now we use the mole ratio from the balanced equation to nd moles O2 needed to produce 0.0783 mol Fe2 O3 . ? mol O2 = 0.0783 mol Fe2 O3 3 mol O2 2 mol Fe2 O3 = 0.117 mol O2 We convert from moles to grams: 32 g O2 1 mol O2

1000 g 1 mL V = 1.56 kg 1 kg 41.2 g = 37.9 mL 005 10.0 points Consider the reaction 4 Fe(s) + 3 O2 (g) 2 Fe2 O3 (s). If 12.5 g of iron(III) oxide (rust) are produced from 8.74 g of iron, how much oxygen gas is needed for this reaction? 1. 12.5 g

? g O2 = 0.117 mol O2 = 3.744 g O2

Starting with 8.74 g Fe and following the same steps results in the same numerical answer. 006 10.0 points Upon heating, potassium chlorate produces potassium chloride and oxygen: 2 KClO3 2 KCl + 3 O2 .

choi (amc4689) H01: Fundamentals mccord (50950) What mass of oxygen (O2 ) would be produced upon thermal decomposition of 25 g of potassium chlorate (KClO3 with MW 122.5 g/mol)? 1. 6.5 g 2. 9.8 g correct 3. 3.3 g 4. 4.4 g 5. 4.9 g Explanation: mKClO3 = 25.0 g MWKClO3 = 122.5 g/mol The balanced equation for the reaction indicates that 3 mol O2 are produced for every 2 mol KClO3 reacted. First we calculate the moles KClO3 present: ? mol KClO3 = 25 g KClO3 1 mol KClO3 122.55 g KClO3 = 0.204 mol KClO3 Now we use the mole-to-mole ratio from the balanced equation to nd the moles O2 that could be produced from this amount of KClO3 : ? mol O2 = 0.204 mol KClO3 3 mol O2 2 mol KClO3 = 0.306 mol O2 We convert from moles to grams O2 : ? g O2 = 0.306 mol O2 = 9.8 g O2 007 In the reaction 10.0 points 32 g O2 1 mol O2 1. 56 g 2. 32 g 3. 64 g 4. 28 g 5. 16 g correct 6. 8 g Explanation: mCO = 28 g The balanced equation for the reaction is 2 CO + O2 2 CO2

The coecients in this equation indicate that 2 mol CO are needed for each mol O2 reacted. First we calculate the moles of CO present: ? mol CO = 28 g CO = 1 mol CO Using the mole ratio from the balanced equation, we nd the moles O2 needed to completely react with 1 mol CO: ? mol O2 = 1 mol CO = 0.5 mol O2 We convert from moles to grams O2 : ? g O2 = 0.5 mol O2 = 16 g O2 008 10.0 points Consider the reaction N2 + 3 H2 2 NH3 . How much NH3 can be produced from the reaction of 74.2 g of N2 and 14.0 moles of H2 ? 1. 5.62 1024 molecules 2. 1.26 1025 molecules 32 g O2 1 mol O2 1 mol O2 2 mol CO 1 mol CO 28 g CO

? CO+? O2 ? CO2 , how much oxygen is required to convert 28 g of CO into CO2 ?

choi (amc4689) H01: Fundamentals mccord (50950) 3. 1.59 10

24

molecules

4. 3.19 1024 molecules correct 5. 1.69 1025 molecules Explanation: nH2 = 14.0 mol mN2 = 74.2 g First you must determine the limiting reactant: ? mol N2 = 74.2 g N2 = 2.65 mol N2 According to balanced equation, we need 3 mol H2 . 1 mol N2 We have 14.0 mol H2 5.28 mol H2 = 2.65 mol N2 1 mol N2 Therefore, H2 is an excess and N2 is limiting. 2 mol NH3 ? molec NH3 = 2.65 mol N2 1 mol N2 23 NH molec 6.022 10 3 1 mol NH3 molec = 3.19 1024 molec NH3 009 For the reaction 10.0 points 1 mol N2 28 g N2

FW of O2 is 31.9988 g/mol, giving 4.447 mol O2 . FW of CO2 is 44.0095 g/mol 15 mol O2 0.5249 mol C6 H6 2 mol C6 H6 = 3.937 mol O2 which is less than what is actually present. Therefore the limiting reactant must be C6 H6 . 12 mol CO2 0.5249 mol C6 H6 2 mol C6 H6 44.0095 g CO2 = 138.6 g CO2 1 mol CO2 010 10.0 points Which of the following describes a chemical change? 1. water is heated from 0 C to 50 C 2. alcohol evaporates 3. gasoline burns in an engine correct 4. wood is carved Explanation: A chemical change occurs when one or more substances are consumed (at least partially), and one or more new substances are formed. 011 10.0 points Which of the following describes a physical change? 1. Wood burns 2. Plants decompose in a compost pile. 3. Food is digested in the stomach. 4. Ice melts correct 5. Iron rusts Explanation: A physical change occurs with no change in chemical composition. Melting involves no change in composition, only a phase change. 012 10.0 points Water is an example of

? C6 H6 + ? O2 ? CO2 + ? H2 O 41 grams of C6 H6 are allowed to react with 142.3 grams of O2 . How much CO2 will be produced by this reaction? Correct answer: 138.6 grams. Explanation: mO2 = 142.3 g mC6 H6 = 41 g The balanced equation for the reaction is 2 C6 H6 + 15 O2 12 CO2 + 6 H2 O FW of C6 H6 is 78.1118 g/mol, giving 0.5249 mol C6 H6 .

choi (amc4689) H01: Fundamentals mccord (50950) 1. None of these 2. a heterogeneous mixture. 3. a homogeneous mixture. 4. a compound. correct 5. an element. Explanation: The two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom making water exemplies two or more atoms bonded together to make a molecule. 013 10.0 points The measurement 3.2 103 g could also be written as 1. 3.2 mg. correct 2. 3.2 g. 3. 3.2 kg. 4. 3.2 pg. 5. None of these Explanation: mg refers to 103 . 014 10.0 points The mole concept is important in chemistry because 1. it establishes a standard for reaction stoichiometry. 2. atoms and molecules are very small and the mole concept allows us to count atoms and molecules by weighing macroscopic amounts of material. correct 3. it explains the properties of gases. 4. it provides a universally accepted standard for mass.

5. it allows us to distinguish between elements and compounds. Explanation: The mole concept is important in chemistry because we know that if we weight 63.55 g of pure copper, then we have about a mole of copper atoms. 015 10.0 points How many atoms of hydrogen are contained in 1 mole of methane (CH4 )? 1. 2.41 1024 atoms correct 2. The correct answer is not given. 3. 6.02 1023 atoms 4. 4 atoms 5. 3.01 1024 atoms Explanation: n = 1 mol Each methane molecule contains 4 hydrogen atoms. There are Avogadros number of methane molecules in one mole of methane molecules: nH = 1 mol CH4 6.02 1023 molec CH4 1 mol CH4 4 H atoms 1 molec CH4 = 2.41 1024 H atoms 016 10.0 points Which has the greatest number of hydrogen atoms? 1. 100g of a substance that is 2% H by mass 2. 20 g of hydrogen gas correct 3. 1020 hydrogen atoms 4. 100 g of water 5. 5 g of an unknown compound

choi (amc4689) H01: Fundamentals mccord (50950) Explanation: 1020 H atoms is much less than 1 mole of H atoms. 100g of water is 5.56 moles of water which would have 11.12 moles of H atoms. 5 g of an unknown substance even if it was pure hydrogen could only be 5 moles of H atoms. 20 g of hydrogen gas is 10 moles of H2 which is 20 moles of H atoms. 100g of a substance that is 2% by mass hydrogen has 2 g of Hydrogen which is 2 moles. 20 moles of H atoms is the greatest number of atoms.