International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 82 (2005) 571592 www.elsevier.

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Review

Finite elements in the analysis of pressure vessels and piping, an addendum: A bibliography (20012004)
Jaroslav Mackerle*
Linkoping Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, S-581 83 Linkoping, Sweden Received 30 November 2004; revised 13 December 2004; accepted 31 December 2004

Abstract The paper gives a bibliographical review of nite element methods(FEMs) applied for the analysis of pressure vessel structures/components and piping from the theoretical as well as practical points of view. This bibliography is a new addendum to the Finite elements in the analysis of pressure vessels and pipinga bibliography [13]. The listings at the end of the paper contain 856 references to papers and conference proceedings on the subject that were published in 20012004. These are classied in the following categories: linear and nonlinear, static and dynamic, stress and deection analyses; stability problems; thermal problems; fracture mechanics problems; contact problems; uidstructure interaction problems; manufacturing of pipes and tubes; welded pipes and pressure vessel components; development of special nite elements for pressure vessels and pipes; nite element software; and other topics. q 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Finite element; Bibliography; Pressure vessels; pipes; Linear and nonlinear static and dynamic analysis; Fracture mechanics; Contact problems; Thermal problems; Fluidstructure interaction; Welding

1. Introduction Pressure vessels and piping are widely used in reactor technology, the chemical industry, marine and space engineering. They often operate under extremes of high and low temperatures and high pressures, are becoming highly sophisticated and therefore also need advanced methods for their analyses. Advances are also made with materials applied for their fabrication. Concrete and composite materials are used more frequently in pressure vessels and their components to replace, in some cases, conventional steels. During the last three decades considerable advances have been made in the applications of numerical techniques to analyze pressure vessel and piping problems. Among the numerical procedures, nite element methods are the most frequently used. Pressure vessel and piping analyses may have a variety of phases such as: elastic stress and deformation analysis
* Corresponding author. Tel.: C46 13 281 111; fax: C46 13 282 717. E-mail address: jarma@ikp.liu.se

where both mechanical and thermal loads may be applied; heat transfer analysis; dynamic analysis; plastic and creep analysis; etc. There is in existence a large number of general purpose and special purpose nite element programs available to cope with each phase of the analysis. This review on the subject is divided into the following parts and it concerns: linear and nonlinear, static and dynamic, stress and deection analyses (STR) stability problems (STA) thermal problems (THE) fracture mechanics problems (FRA) contact problems (CON) uidstructure interaction problems (FLU) manufacturing of pipes and tubes (MAN) welded pipes and pressure vessel components (WEL) development of special nite elements for pressure vessels and pipes (ELE) nite element software (SOF) other topics (OTH) The status of nite element literature published between 1976 and 2004, and divided into the categories described above, is illustrated in Fig. 1. Data presented in this gure

0308-0161/$ - see front matter q 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.ijpvp.2004.12.004

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Materials under consideration: steels; stainless steels; aluminium; composites; polymers; lament wound composites; bre-reinforced composites; polymer matrix composites; titanium; foam lled aluminum tubes; steel reinforced plastics; structural foams. 2.2. Stability problems(STA)
Fig. 1. Finite elements and various topics in pressure vessels and piping (19762004).

include published technical papers in the primary literature; this means papers appearing in the various general and specialized journals, conference proceedings as well as theses and dissertations. If we take the number of published papers as a measure of research activity in these various subjects, we can see the priority trend in research. This paper is organized into two parts. In the rst, each subject listed above is briey described by keywords where current trends in application of nite element techniques are mentioned. The second part, Appendix A, is a listing of references on papers published in the open literature for the period 20012004, retrieved from the authors database MAKEBASE [4,5]. Readers interested in the nite element literature in general are referred to [6] or to the authors Internet Finite Element Book Bibliography(http://www. solid.ikp.liu.se/fe/index.html). The presented bibliography is an addendum to the authors earlier bibliographies [13]. Also the bibliography on creep and creep fracture/damage nite element modelling [7] may be of interest.

Stability problems are the main subject of this section Other topics included are: static and dynamic buckling; thermal buckling; inelastic buckling pressure; inelastic local buckling; buckling response to seismic loading; creepinduced buckling; critical, buckling strains; buckling of cracked components; post-buckling analysis; buckle propagation; bending instabilities; stability for conecylinder intersections. Applications to: pipes; tubes; pipelines; linepipes; reeled pipe-in-pipe; pressure vessel components. Materials: steels; low-alloy steels; aluminium; composites; titanium. 2.3. Thermal problems (THE) Heat transfer problems and thermomechanical nite element analyses are the main subjects of this section. The following topics are also included: thermal loading and temperature cycling; temperature attenuation; thermal shock; pressurized thermal shock; heat transfer analysis; convective heat and mass transfer; turbulent forced convection and thermal radiation; thermal stratication; thermal striping; freezing problems; creep; local creep; high-temperature structural integrity procedures; design for elevated temperature service; thermal fatigue; re performance; thermal management studies; parametric studies. Applications to: pipes; tubes; pipelines; boiler tubes; banks of tubes; tube coolant piping systems; tube condenser; pressure vessels; reactor pressure vessels; cryogenic pressure vessels; heat exchanger components; heated sterilizers; tuben exchangers; bellows; tanks; valves; subsea owlines. Materials: steels; concrete; composites; polymers; ceramics; thermal insulations. 2.4. Fracture mechanics problems(FRA) In this section fracture mechanics and fatigue problems are handled. The listing of references in the Appendix includes: linear and nonlinear 2D and 3D static and dynamic fracture mechanics problems; mechanical and thermal loading; macromechanical and micromechanical modelling; global/local analysis; crack tip opening; crack growth and propagation; delamination growth; crack arrest behaviour; stress corrosion cracks; multiple cracks; microcracking; fracture toughness; strength; shear strength; cleavage fracture; burst pressure prediction; predicting the failure pressure; prediction of crack coalescence; progressive

2. Finite elements in the analysis of pressure vessels and piping 2.1. Linear and nonlinear, static and dynamic, stress and deection analyses (STR) The main topics included deal with the static and dynamic nite element analyses of pressure vessels, their components and piping, namely: stress and deformation analysis; 2D and 3D linear elastic static and dynamic analysis; material and geometrical nonlinear static and dynamic analysis; seismic response analysis; impact analysis; response to detonation loading; damping characteristics; analysis of residual stresses; shakedown analysis; vibroacoustical analysis; mechanical behaviour studies; local mechanical behaviour studies; determining plastic and limit loads; stress concentration factors; stiffness evaluation; wrinkling; probabilistic studies. Applications to: pipes; tubes; pipelines; tubesheets; piping elbows; pressure vessel components; containment vessels; pressure vessel heads; reactor vessel heads; nozzle models; thick-walled cylinders; reinforcing pads; tubular structures; saddle supports; anchorage.

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crushing; limit load solutions; fracture mechanics parameters; stress intensity factors; J-integral; damage; damage tolerance; progressive damage; interlaminar and intralaminar damage; fatigue problems; thermal fatigue; creep rupture; tearing failure; local failure modes; leak-beforebreak analysis; failure models for puncture; critical fracture energy; ow induced vibration failure; load capacity of corroded pipes; waveguide scattering by cracks; material fracture testing; NDT; aw detection; pipe inspection; defect assessment at elevated temperature; fracture mechanics in material processing; fracture mechanics in welding; life assessment; benchmark experiments; integrity evaluation methods; reliability analysis. Applications to: pipes; tubes; pipelines; elbows; linepipes; pipe bends; pressure vessels; reactor pressure vessels; heat exchangers; power plant components; tube-to-tubesheets; pressurized cylinders; deep-water pipelines; branch junctions; dents; perforated plates; drainage systems. Materials: steels; stainless steels; aluminium; titanium; composites; braided composites; sandwich composites; polymers; rubber; cladding materials; foam llings. 2.5. Contact problems(CON) 2D and 3D nite element studies of static and dynamic contact problems dealing with pipes and pressure vessels are included in this section. Other subjects under consideration are: behaviour of joints to static, dynamic and thermal loading; junctions under pressure and bending; creep induced contact and stress evolution; contact pressure due to thermal loading; stress concentration factor; lateral contact stiffness; exibility analysis; external ange loads; moment resistance; estimation of sealing performance; boltup and disassembly process; stick-slip and stick-slipseparation; study of gaps between components. Applications to: pipes; tubes; pressure vessels; pipe ange connections; gasketed and non-gasketed anged pipes; anged connections for high-temperature applications; piping branch junctions; tube-to-tubesheet joints; tubegusset plate connections; stubange joints; shear joining; lapped shear joints; bolted anged joints; tubesheetto-channel connections; nozzleshell junctions; nozzle sphere connections; ferrule strap connections; bonded connections; joining by curing. Materials: steels; stainless steels; aluminium; polymers; composites; concrete. 2.6. Fluidstructure interaction problems (FLU) The main topics include: coupled uidstructure response analyses; uid induced vibration problems; dynamic analysis of uid-lled pipes; analysis of pipes conveying uids; radialaxial deformations of pipes conveying uid; instability analysis in shells conveying uid; modal vibration suppression; waveseabedpipe interaction.

Applications to: pipes; tubes; pipelines; pressure vessels; tube bundles; submerged pipes. Materials: steels; composites; uids. 2.7. Manufacturing of pipes and tubes(MAN) The nite element simulation of manufacturing processes is the subject of this section. The main topics listed are: material characteristics and formability; determination of the coefcient of friction; determination of forming limit; study of forming parameters; ow stress determination; bending problems; cold bending; laser tube bending; bulge forming; hydrostatic tube bulging; electromagnetic bulging; drawing; cold drawing; bend-stretching forming; tubular hydroforming; dual hydroforming; planetary rolling; hot roll sizing milling; roller levelling; rotationally molding; extrusion; semi-solid extrusion; tube aring; tube-nosing process; outward curling; cold pilgering; casting; necking and bursting; fold formation; lubrication mechanisms; xtures design. Applications to manufacturing of: pipes; tubes; linepipes; pipelines; seamless tubes; T-shape tubes; elbows; bellows; pressure vessels. Materials: steels; stainless steels; microalloyed steels; aluminium; titanium; zircaloy; steel reinforced plastics; polymers; composites. 2.8. Welded pipes and pressure vessel components(WEL) The subjects in the simulation of welding processes included here are: 2D and 3D thermomechanical analysis; heat transfer analysis; residual stresses caused by welding; temperature distribution; determination of welding pressure; prediction of welding parameters; creep behaviour of welds; local stress effect; fracture behaviour of welds; weld fatigue; life prediction; weld testing; structural integrity assessment. Welding of: pipes; tubes; gas pipelines; pressure vessel components; pressure vessels; tubesheet assembly; long seam welds; girth welds; butt welds; friction welding; ultrasonic welding; multi-pass welding; prepregs welding; sleeve repair welding. Materials: steels; stainless steels; austenitic steels; polymers. 2.9. Development of special nite elements for pressure vessels and pipes(ELE) In this section, references dealing with development as well as applications of special nite elements used for analyses of pressure vessels and piping systems are given. The element types included are: modelling experiences with various types of elements; pipe and tube elements; contact elements; elbow elements; shell elements; toroidal shells; shell elements for collapse load analysis; elements for generalized in-plane pipe loading; 3D elements for saddle support pressure vessels; special element for the study of

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drag chains; special tube element for thermomechanical analysis; exact Timoshenko pipe element. 2.10. Finite element software (SOF) At present, thousands of nite element software packages exist and new programs are under development. The existing software can vary from large, sophisticated, general purpose, integrated systems to small, special purpose programs for PCs. Most of these programs have been mentioned and described in [1,8]. In the respective section of the Appendix some new references dealing with development/applications of FE software are listed. They are concerned with: code for prestressed concrete containment vessels; code for thermal-hydraulics pressurized thermal shock analysis; new pressure vessel code for ASME; software for lifetime assessment; software for offshore pipelines; nite element parallel processing; distributed computation. 2.11. Other topics(OTH) In this last section subjects not treated earlier are included. They deal with: static and dynamic geomechanical analyses of pressure vessels and pipes in 2D and 3D; buried structures; soilstructure interaction; side and deep excavations; laying operations; deection analysis; surface impact; pipelines subject to settlement; buried pipes under vehicle loads; cyclone effects; pipes in sediment pocket; seismic analysis; noise transmission; deployment dynamics of inatable tubes. Applications to: pipes; tubes; submarine pipelines; pipelines with elbows; pumping well pipes; perforated drainage pipes; perforated stiffening tubes; sandwich pipes; pipe-in-pipe; pipe culverts; water piping systems; tunnel face reinforced with pipes; microtunneling applications; nuclear fuel channels; check valves; servovalves; catenary risers; anchorage; relaxed hanger spans. Materials: steels; stainless steels; concrete; polymers; composites; thermoplastics; geotextile; inated fabrics.

components and pipes/tubes. The listings presented contain papers published in scientic journals and conference proceedings retrospectively to 2001. References have been retrieved from the authors database, MAKEBASE. Also COMPENDEX has been checked. References are grouped into the same sections described in the rst part of this paper, and are sorted alphabetically according to the rst authors name. In some cases, if a specic paper is relevant to several subject categories, the same reference is listed under the respective section headings. A.1. Linear and nonlinear, static and dynamic, stress and deection analyses
1. Abdel-Haq MM. Constraint effects on energy absorption in unidirectional polymeric composite PMC tubes. PhD Thesis, Wayne State Univ, 2002. 2. Asada S, et al. Verication of alternative criteria for shakedown evaluation using at head vessel. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;439:1722. 3. Asada S, et al. Verication of alternative criteria for shakedown evaluation using 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional nozzle models. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;439:2330. 4. Ayob AB, et al. The interaction of pressure, in-plane moment and torque loadings on piping elbows. Int J Press Vess Piping 2003; 80(12):8619. 5. Beltman WM, Shepherd JE. Linear elastic response of tubes to internal detonation loading. J Sound Vib 2002;252(4):61755. 6. Bjorset A, et al. Titanium pipes subjected to bending moment and external pressure. Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Rio de Janeiro. New York: ASME 2001;3341. 7. Bjorset A, et al. Titanium pipes subjected to bending moment and external pressure. Comput Struct 2003;81(30):2691704. 8. Bjorset A, et al. Probabilistic analysis of bending moment capacity of titanium pipes. Struct Safety 2004;26(3):24169. 9. Blyukher B, et al. Computer simulation of pipeline deformations on the basis of data from an intelligent caliper inspection tool. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2003;458:30912. 10. Boot JC, et al. Predicting the creep lives of thin-walled cylindrical polymeric pipe linings subject to external pressure. Int J Solids Struct 2003;40(26):7299314. 11. Borvik T, et al. Empty foam-lled aluminium tubes subjected to axial and oblique quasistatic loading. Int J Crashworth 2003;8(5): 48194. 12. Caillaud S, et al. Aeroacoustical coupling and its structural effects on a PWR steam line Part 2-Vibroacoustical analysis of pipe shell deformations. ASME Int Mech Engng Cong Expo, AMD 2002;253: 84350. 13. Chapuliot S, et al. Mechanical behavior of a branch pipe subjected to out-of-plane bending load. J Press Vess Tech, ASME 2002;124(1): 713. 14. Chattopadhyay J. The effect of internal pressure on in-plane collapse moment of elbows. Nuclear Engng Des 2002;212(1/3):13344. 15. De Sousa JRM, et al. Local mechanical behaviour of exible pipes subjected to installation loads. Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Rio de Janeiro. New York: ASME 2001;21927. 16. Demma A, et al. Mode conversion of longitudinal and torsional guided modes due to pipe bends. AIP Conf, No. 557A 2001;1729. 17. Dixon RD, et al. Stress concentration factors of cross-bores in thick walled cylinders and square blocks. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;436:316. 18. Duffey TA, Romero C. Vibration modes of spherical shells and containment vessels. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;440: 17784.

Acknowledgements The bibliography presented in the Appendix is by no means complete but it gives a comprehensive representation of different nite element applications on the subject. The author wishes to apologize for the unintentional exclusions of missing references and would appreciate receiving comments and pointers to other relevant literature for a future update.

Appendix A. A bibliography (20012004) This bibliography provides a list of literature references on nite element analysis of pressure vessel structures/

J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 82 (2005) 571592 19. Estrada H. Axisymmetric analysis of a laminated cylindrical shell with variable thickness. Int SAMPE Tech Conf, Long Beach 2004;258998. 20. Ezekoye LI. An examination of the effect of valve design on stiffess. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;426:1537. 21. Famiyesin OOR, et al. Post-nite-element prediction strategies for engineering structures. J Struct Engng, ASCE 2001;127(11):13669. 22. Famiyesin OOR, et al. Semi-empirical equations for pipeline design by the nite element method. Comput Struct 2002;80(16):136982. 23. Florizone DJ. Design of ellipsoidal heads using elasticplastic nite element analysis. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;440: 16370. 24. Franco JRQ, et al. Adaptive FE method for the shakedown and limit analysis of pressure vessels. Eur J Mech, A/Solids 2003;22(4): 52533. 25. Fujita K, et al. Seismic response analysis of piping systems with nonlinear supports using differential algebraic equations. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;428:5765. 26. Fujiwaka T, et al. Simulation of excessive deformation of piping due to seismic and weight loads. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;439:34552. 27. Fukuda N, et al. Changes in tensile properties due to cold bending of line pipes. Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Oslo. New York: ASME 2002;18996. 28. Fukuda N, et al. Effect of changes in tensile properties due to cold bending on large deformation behavior of high-grade cold bend pipe. 4th Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Oslo. New York: ASME 2002;36370. 29. Guillot MW, Helms JE. Comparison of different methodologies for stress analysis of reinforcing pads. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2003;459:759. 30. Gupta NK, et al. A study of lateral collapse of square and rectangular metallic tubes. Thin-Wall Struct 2001;39(9):74572. 31. Haapaniemi H, et al. Numerical simulation of piping vibrations using an updated FE model. Proc SPIE 2002;4753:1939. 32. Hardy SJ, et al. Upper lower bound limit and shakedown loads for hollow tubes with axisymmetric internal projections under axial loading. J Strain Anal Engng Des 2001;36(6):595604. 33. Hardy SJ, et al. Elastic and elasticplastic nite element analysis of hollow tubes with axisymmetric internal projections under combined axial and pressure load. J Strain Anal Engng Des 2001;36(4): 37390. 34. Hart JD, et al. Development of acceptance criteria for mild ripples in pipeline eld bends. 4th Int Pipeline Conf, Calgary. New York: ASME 2002;65972. 35. Hsieh MF, et al. Limit loads for knuckle-encroaching nozzles in torispherical heads: experimental verication of nite element predictions. J Strain Anal Engng Des 2002;37(4):31326. 36. Hsu PW. Stresses in a uniformly paralelepiped solid with a pressurized cylindrical cavity. 42nd Str Str Dyn Mater Conf, Seattle. Washington, DC: AIAA 2001;294750. 37. Hub NS, et al. Effect of nozzle geometry on leak-before-break analysis of pressurised piping. Engng Fract Mech 2001;68(16): 170922. 38. Kumar IS. Application of code case N-597 for local thinning assessment for Class 1 piping. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;440:93101. 39. Joshi B, et al. Finite element modeling of a PE pipe heap leachate collection system. Finite Elem Anal Des 2001;37(12):97996. 40. Kalnins A. Guidelines for sizing of vessels by limit analysis. Weld Res Counc Bull; No. 464 2001;464:116. 41. Kalnins A. Shakedown check for pressure vessels using plastic FEA. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;419:916. 42. Kalnins A. Shakedown ratchetting directives of ASME B and PV code and their execution. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002; 439:4755.

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43. Karadeniz H. A method for including ovalization effects of tubular member on cross-section properties. Int Offshore Polar Engng Conf, Stavanger 2001;42632. 44. Kim YJ, et al. Estimation of non-linear deection for cylinder under bending and its application to CANDU pressure tube integrity assessment. Nuclear Engng Des 2003;223(3):25562. 45. Kochekseraii SB. Finite element modelling of plastic collapse of metallic single mitred pipe bends subject to in-plane bending moments. Int J Press Vess Piping 2004;81(1):7581. 46. Kochekseraii SB, Robinson M. Flexural behavior of a polyvinyl chloride-lined glass-reinforced plastic composite multi-mitred pipe bend subjected to combined loads. J Strain Anal Engng Des 2004; 39(2):13746. 47. Krieg R, et al. Load carrying capacity of a reactor vessel head under molten core slug impact. Nuclear Engng Des 2003;223(3):23753. 48. Kulikov YA, et al. Numericalexperimental investigation of the elastic deformation of a polymeric pipeline under impact. J Appl Mech Tech Phys 2001;42(2):2949. 49. Kumar R, Saleem MA. Bend angle effect on B2 and C2 stress indices for piping elbows. J Press Vess Tech, ASME 2001;123(2):22631. 50. Kumar R, Saleem MA. B2 and C2 stress indices for large angle bends. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;430:10918. 51. Kumar R, Saleem MA. B2 and C2 stress indices for large-angle bends. J Press Vess Tech, ASME 2002;124(2):17786. 52. Laszlo JL, et al. Non-linear vibrations of the tube bend region of a PWR steam generator: an experimental and numerical approach. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;420:1518. 53. Leila K, et al. Application of the simplied analysis to real structures. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;446(2):1817. 54. Leishear RA. Dynamic pipe stresses during water hammer: IIa vibration analysis. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;440: 1139. 55. Leishear RA, et al. Dynamic pipe stresses during water hammer: Ia nite element approach. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002; 440:7581. 56. Lengsfeld M, et al. Analysis of loads for nozzles in API 650 tanks. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;430:6777. 57. Lengsfeld M, et al. Stiffness coefcients for nozzles in API 650 tanks. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;440:197204. 58. STR, Lin CY. Analysis of laminated composite tubular structure. PhD Thesis, The Univ of Texas 2002, Arlington. 59. Lin CY, Chan WS. Stiffness evaluation of elliptical laminated composite tube under bending. 42nd Str Str Dyn Mater Conf, Seattle. Washington, DC: AIAA 2001;117580. 60. Lubis A, Boyle JT. The pressure reduction effect in smooth piping elbowsrevisited. Int J Press Vess Piping 2004;81(2):11925. 61. Madureira L, Melo FQ. Stress analysis of curved pipes with a hybrid formulation. Int J Press Vess Piping 2004;81(3):2439. 62. Magnucki K, et al. Flexible saddle support of a horizontal cylindrical pressure vessel. Int J Press Vess Piping 2003;80(3):20510. 63. Maher A, Hamada AA. On the modelling of tubes with composite coat. IMAC-XIX, Kissimmee, FL 2001;7829. 64. Mangalaramanan P. Accelerated limit loads using repeated elastic nite element analyses. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2003; 458:6172. 65. Mantena PR, Mann R. Impact dynamic response of high-density structural foams used as ller inside circular steel tube. Compos Struct 2003;61(4):291302. 66. Marie S, Nedelec M. Elastic stresses in elbows submitted to inplane bending moment. J Press Vess Tech, ASME 2003;125(2): 20920. 67. Matzen VC, Tan Y. The history of the B2 stress index. J Press Vess Tech, ASME 2002;124(2):16876. 68. Matzen VC, Tan Y. Using nite element analysis to determine piping elbow bending moment B2 stress indices. Weld Res Counc Bull 2002; 472:49.

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J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 82 (2005) 571592 91. Peters DT. Effect of blend radius on stress concentration factor of crossbored holes in thick walled pressure vessels. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2003;455:537. 92. Petrovic A. Stress analysis in cylindrical pressure vessels with loads applied to the free end of a nozzle. Int J Press Vess Piping 2001;78(7): 48593. 93. Porter MA, et al. Comparison of limit load, linear and nonlinear FE analysis of a typical vessel nozzle. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;430:13944. 94. Rajan, et al. Collapse analysis of thin walled pressure vessels using the nite element method. J Inst Engng(India) Aerospace Engng J 2001;82(1):238. 95. Reinhardt W. Design method for perforated plates with triangular perforation pattern. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;417: 7989. 96. Reinhardt W. A non-cyclic method for plastic shakedown analysis. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2003;458:519. 97. Reinhardt WD. Yield criteria for the elasticplastic design of tubesheet with triangular penetration pattern. J Press Vess Tech, ASME 2001;123(1):11823. 98. Rilo NF, et al. Stresses from radial loads and external moments in spherical pressure vessels. Proc, Inst Mech Engng, Part E 2001; 215(2):99109. 99. Salley L, Pan J. A study of the modal characteristics of curved pipes. Appl Acoustics 2002;63(2):189202. 100. Sang ZF, et al. Limit burst pressures for a cylindrical shell intersection with intermediate diameter ratio. Int J Press Vess Piping 2002;79(5): 3419. 101. Scott CS, Kozluk MJ. A nite element analysis of the residual stresses incurred during bending of pipes. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;441:6370. 102. Seipp TG. Comparison of methods to evaluate nite element results for an atypical vessel nozzle. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;430:215. 103. Shim DJ, et al. Assessment of local wall thinned pipeline under combined bending and pressure. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;442:12530. 104. Shu DW. A tube under transverse loadingFEM and experiment. Key Engng Mater 2002;233236:7316. 105. Shu JJ. A nite element model and electronic analogue of pipeline pressure transients with frequency-dependent friction. J Fluids Engng, ASME 2003;125(1):1949. 106. Staat M. Some achievements of the European project LISA for FEM based limit and shakedown analysis. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;441:17785. 107. Sun H, et al. Finite element analysis of the steel reinforced plastic pipe. J Mater Sci Technol 2003;19:435. 108. Tan Y. Experimental and nonlinear FEA investigation of elbows leading to a new denition of the B(2) stress index. PhD Thesis, North Carolina State Univ 2001. 109. Tan Y, Matzen V. Correlation of in-plane bending test and FEA results for thin-walled elbows. Nuclear Engng Des 2002;217(1/2): 2139. 110. Tan Y, et al. Correlation of test and FEA results for elbows subjected to out-of-plane loading. Nuclear Engng Des 2002;217(3): 21324. 111. Tan Y, et al. Correlation of test and FEA results for the nonlinear behavior of straight pipes and elbows. J Press Vess Tech, ASME 2002;124(4):46575. 112. Ten Horn CHLJ, Bakker A. Applicability of the fraction model to cyclic plastic deformation of pipeline steel. Comp Mater Sci 2002; 25(1/2):24652. 113. Wang S, Zhao J. Deformation relaxation: a nite element optimization method for tee. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 469. New York: ASME 2003;638. 114. Wang X, et al. Self-strengthening research of ber reinforced pressure vessel with metalic liners. J Reinf Plast Compos 2001;20(16):1390413.

69. Megahed MM, et al. Shakedown loads for structures with severe geometrical discontinuities. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;430:5966. 70. Mihaylova E, et al. Dynamic ESPI measurements for mechanical characterization of pipes. Proc SPIE 2003;5226:2148. 71. Mihaylova E, et al. Mechanical characterization of unplasticised polyvinylchloride thick pipes by optical methods. Opt Lasers Engng 2004;41(6):889900. 72. Miller GA, et al. An elastic-perfectly plastic limit load analysis of a nozzle in a monobloc vessel with external loads. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;418:3946. 73. Mirza S, et al. Fiber-reinforced composite cylindrical vessel with lugs. Compos Struct 2001;53(2):14351. 74. Moffat DG, et al. An assessment of ASME III and CEN TC54 methods of determining plastic and limit loads for pressure system components. J Strain Anal Engng Des 2001;36(3):30112. 75. Mourad HM, Younan MYA. Nonlinear analysis of pipe bends subjected to out-of-plane moment loading and internal pressure. J Press Vess Tech, ASME 2001;123(2):2538. 76. Mukaimachi N, et al. An advanced computational method for nonlinear behavior of piping systems subject to earthquake load. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;445(1):11926. 77. Muscat M, Hamilton R. Elastic shakedown in pressure vessel components under non-proportional loading. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 447. New York: ASME 2002;95102. 78. Muscat M, Mackenzie D. Elastic shakedown analysis of axisymmetric nozzles. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001; 430:35360. 79. Muscat M, Mackenzie D. Elastic-shakedown analysis of axisymmetric nozzles. J Press Vess Tech, ASME 2003;125(4):36570. 80. Ng RKH, et al. Design analysis, manufacture, and test of shallow water pressure vessels using E-glass/epoxy woven composite material for an underwater vehicle. J Compos Mater 2002;36(21): 244378. 81. Nishiguchi I, et al. Analytical numerical evaluation of the cyclic yield area criteria for shakedown requirements. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;439:3946. 82. OBrien BJ, et al. Three dimensional nite displacements and rotations of exible beams including non-equal bending stiffnesses. Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Cancun. New York: ASME 2003;56774. 83. Ochoa OO, Rodriguez DE. Flexure behavior of composite spoolable tubes. Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Oslo. New York: ASME 2002;2337. 84. Okamoto A, et al. Recent advancement on the draft of alternative stress evaluation criteria in Japan based on partial inelastic analyses. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;419:1724. 85. Okamoto A, et al. Evaluation criteria for alternating loads based on partial inelastic analyses. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002; 439:5764. 86. Osadchuk VA, Banakhevych YV. Stress concentration in a pipeline with surface hollow in the form of a semiellipsoid of revolution. Mater Sci 2002;38(2):198206. 87. Otani A, et al. The damping characteristics of piping with plastic deformation. Part 2.. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;428: 219. 88. Park J, et al. Identication of reactor internals vibration modes of a Korean standard of PWR using structural modeling and neutron noise analysis. Progr Nucl Energy 2003;43(1/4):17786. 89. Pasqualino IP, et al. Comparative structural analyses between sandwich and steel pipelines for ultra-deep water. Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Oslo. New York: ASME 2002;16573. 90. Peek R. Wrinkling of tubes in bending from nite strain threedimensional continuum theory. Int J Solids Struct 2002;39(3): 70923.

J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 82 (2005) 571592 115. Webb DC, et al. Finite element simulation of energy absorption devices under axial static compressive and impact loading. Int J Crashworth 2001;6(3):399423. 116. Williams DK. Shock tube treatment of high pressure discharge of pipe blockage. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;430:2733. 117. Williams DK. Axisymmetric closed form solution of pipe strap anchors. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;430:518. 118. Williams DK. A proposed design criterion for vessel lifting lugs in lieu of ASME B30.20. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002; 440:20512. 119. Williams DK. Predictions of residual stresses in the mechanical roll of HX tubes into TEMA grooves. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2003;459:1219. 120. Williams DK, Ranson WF. Pipe-anchor discontinuity analysis utilizing power series solutions, Bessel Functions, and Fourier series. Nuclear Engng Des 2003;220(1):110. 121. Yang J, Gurdal R. Piping elbow cyclic analyses for shakedown verication. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 453 New York: ASME 2003;4959. 122. Yatabe H, et al. Effects of mechanical properties on the deformability of high grade linepipe. Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Rio de Janeiro. New York: ASME 2001;7784. 123. Yatabe H, et al. Analytical study of appropriate design for the high-grade induction bend pipes subjected to large ground deformation. Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Oslo. New York: ASME 2002;1818. 124. Yatabe H, et al. Effect of material stressstrain behavior and pipe geometry on the deformability of high-grade pipelines. J Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, ASME 2004;126(1):1139. 125. Yazdchi M, Criseld MA. Non-linear dynamic behaviour of exible marine pipes and risers. Int J Num Meth Engng 2002;54(9): 1265308. 126. Yokoyama T. Finite element computation of torsional plastic waves in a thin-walled tube. Arch Appl Mech 2001;71(6/7):35970. 127. Zhang L, et al. Evaluation of local thinned pressurized elbows. Int J Press Vess Piping 2001;78(10):697703. 128. STR, Zhao W. Finite element analysis and statistical modeling of pipeline rehabilitation liners with material imperfections. PhD Thesis, Louisiana Tech Univ 2003.

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A.2. Stability problem (STA)

1. Bastard AH, Bell M. Evaluation of buckle arrestor concepts for reeled pipe-in-pipe. Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Rio de Janeiro. New York: ASME 2001;28390. 2. Da Costa AM, et al. An engineering solution to the problem of thermal buckling of heated pipelines buried in soft clay. Pipes Pipelines Int 2003;48(1):1931. 3. Dorey AB. Critical buckling strains in energy pipelines. PhD Thesis, Univ of Alberta, Canada, 2001. 4. Dorey AB, et al. Material property effects on critical buckling strains in energy pipelines. 4th Int Pipeline Conf, Calgary. New York: ASME 2002;47584. 5. Einsfeld RA, et al. Buckling analysis of high-temperature pressurized pipelines with solidstructure interaction. J Brazil Soc Mech Sci 2003; 25(2):1649. 6. EI-Sawy KM, Elshafei AL. Neural network for the estimation of the inelastic buckling pressure of loosely tted liners used for rigid pipe rehabilitation. Thin-Wall Struct 2003;41(8):785800. 7. Guarracino F. On the analysis of cylindrical tubes under exure: theoretical formulations experimental data and nite element analyses. Thin-Wall Struct 2003;41(2/3):12747. 8. Hoo Fatt MS, Xue J. Propagating buckles in corroded pipelines. Marine Struct 2001;14(6):57192.

9. Karagiozova D, Jones N. Dynamic buckling of elasticplastic square tubes under axial impactII: structural response. Int J Impact Engng 2004;30(2):16792. 10. Karamanos SA. Bending instabilities of elastic tubes. Int J Solids Struct 2002;39(8):205985. 11. Lin P, et al. Application of plastic buckling of pipes to a structural fastening system. Trans Jpn Soc Mech Engng, Ser A 2003;69(12): 175360. 12. Lin P, et al. Application of plastic buckling of pipes with ange to a structural fastening system. Trans Jpn Soc Mech Engng, Ser A 2004; 70(5):74955. 13. Ma W, et al. Effects of lateral stability on the design of HT/HP owlines. Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Oslo. New York: ASME 2002;816. 14. Miyazaki M, Negishi H. Inuence of geometrical initial imperfection on dynamic axial compressive deformation of aluminum square tubes. J Jpn Inst Light Met 2002;52(7):3137. 15. Mohareb M, et al. Testing analysis of steel pipe segments. J Transport Engng 2001;127(5):40817. 16. Mork KJ, et al. Collapse buckling design aspects of titanium alloy pipes. Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Rio de Janeiro. New York: ASME 2001;18594. 17. Murase K, et al. Transition of plastic buckling modes for circular tubes subjected to an impact axial compressive load. J Soc Mater Sci Jpn 2001;50(7):73944. 18. Newman KR. Finite element analysis of coiled tubing forces. Coiled Tubing Conf Exhib, Houston. SPE 2004;13947. 19. Olso E, Kyriakides S. Internal ring buckle arrestor for pipe-in-pipe systems. Int J Non-Linear Mech 2003;38(2):26784. 20. Sriskandarajah T, et al. Dynamic versus static lateral buckling of subsea pipelines. Int Offshore Polar Engng Conf, Stavanger 2001;18591. 21. Suzuki N, et al. Effects of a strain hardening exponent on inelastic local buckling strength and mechanical properties of line pipes. Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Rio de Janeiro. New York: ASME 2001;99106. 22. Suzuki N, et al. Local buckling behavior of X100 linepipes. Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Cancun. New York: ASME 2003;6776. 23. Tafreshi A. Buckling post-buckling analysis of composite cylindrical shells with cutouts subjected to internal pressure and axial compression loads. Int J Press Vess Piping 2002;79(5):3519. 24. Tutuncu I. Compressive load and buckling response of steel pipelines during earthquakes. PhD Thesis, Cornell Univ 2001. 25. Vaziri A, et al. Buckling of cracked cylindrical shells with internal pressure subjected to an axial load. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;451:7380. 26. Vaziri A, et al. Buckling of the composite cracked cylindrical shells subjected to axial load. ASME Int Mech Engng Cong, PVP 2003;470: 8793. 27. Wang B, Lu G. Mushrooming of circular tubes under dynamic axial loading. Thin-Wall Struct 2002;40(2):16782. 28. Xue J, et al. Buckle propagation in pipelines with non-uniform thickness. Ocean Engng 2001;28(10):138392. 29. Yatabe H, et al. Effects of mechanical properties on the deformability of high grade linepipe. Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Rio de Janeiro. New York: ASME 2001;7784. 30. Zhao Q, et al. Numerical simulation of creep-induced buckling of thin-walled pipe liners. J Press Vess Tech, ASME 2001;123(3): 37380. 31. Zhao Y, Teng JG. Buckling experiments on conecylinder intersections under internal pressure. J Engng Mech, ASCE 2001;127(12): 12319. 32. Zhao Y, Teng JG. A stability design proposal for conecylinder intersections under internal pressure. Int J Press Vess Piping 2003; 80(5):297309.

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J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 82 (2005) 571592 24. Hayashi M, et al. Thermal fatigue crack initiation and arrest behavior in labyrinth structure subjected to temperature uctuation in pure water. Trans Jpn Soc Mech Engng, Ser A 2002;68(6):96976. 25. Islamoglu Y. Finite element model for thermal analysis of ceramic heat exchanger tube under axial non-uniform convective heat transfer coefcient. Mater Des 2004;25(6):47982. 26. Jen TC, Jadhav R. Thermal management of a heat-pipe drilla FEM analysis. ASME Summer Heat Transf Conf, Las Vegas. New York: ASME 2003;95102. 27. Jian Su, Da Silva Neto AJ. Simultaneous estimation of inlet temperature and wall heat ux in turbulent circular pipe ow. Numer Heat Transf A 2001;40(7):75166. 28. Jo JC, et al. Numerical analysis of unsteady conjugate heat transfer and thermal stress for a PWR pressurized surge line pipe subject to thermal stratication. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;435:12131. 29. Jorge RMN, Fernandes AA. Design of a steam-heated sterilizer based on nite element method stress analysis. Int J Press Vess Piping 2001; 78(9):62735. 30. Keim E, et al. Life management of reactor pressure vessels under pressurized thermal shock loading: deterministic procedure and application to Western type of reactors. Int J Press Vess Piping 2001; 78(2/3):8598. 31. Kim JK, et al. Thermal analysis of hydration heat in concrete structures with pipe-cooling system. Comput Structures 2001;79(2):16371. 32. Kim JS, et al. Investigation on constraint effect of reactor pressure vessel under pressurized thermal shock. Nuclear Engng Des 2003; 219(3):197206. 33. Lassesen S, Woll F. Compact anged connections for high temperature applications. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;433:10514. 34. Law M, et al. Modelling creep of pressure vessels with thermal gradients using theta projection data. Int J Press Vess Piping 2002; 79(12):84751. 35. Lee TJ, et al. A parametric study on pressuretemperature limit curve using 3-D nite element analyses. Nuclear Engng Des 2002;214(1/2): 7381. 36. Lidbury DPG, et al. Key features arising from structural analysis of the NESC-1 PTS benchmark experiment. Int J Press Vess Piping 2001; 78(2/3):22536. 37. Majumdar S. Structural analysis of electrosleeved tubes under severe accident transients. Nuclear Engng Des 2001;208(2):16779. 38. Mallick K. Thermo-micromechanics of microcracking in a cryogenic pressure vessel. 44th Str Sbr Dyn Mater Conf, Norfolk. Washington, DC: ALAA; 2003 pp. 33209. 39. Marie S. Analytical expression of the thermal stresses in a vessel or pipe with cladding submitted to any thermal transient. Int J Press Vess Piping 2004;81(4):30312. 40. Martin A, et al. Assessment of the French reactor pressure vessel integrity in PTS conditions. Thermalhydraulic and thermomechanical studies. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;443:7989. 41. Masson R, et al. RPV structural integrity assessment during a PTS event: application of an extended Beremin model consistent with WPS test results. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;443:516. 42. Moinereau D, et al. Methodology for the pressurized thermal shock evaluation: recent improvements in French RPV PTS assessment. Int J Press Vess Piping 2001;78(2/3):6983. 43. Mokamati SV, Prasad RC. Transient-based technique for the evaluation of overall heat transfer coefcient in a concentric tube heat exchanger. Int J Heat Exchangers 2004;5(1):1528. 44. Mwanangonze H, et al. Coefcient of thermal expansion characterization for plain polyethylene pipe. ASCE Int Conf Pipeline Engng Constr, Baltimore. New York: ASCE 2003;130211. 45. Nicolas L, et al. Results of benchmark calculations based on OLHF-1 test. Nuclear Engng Des 2003;223(3):26377. 46. Nielsen AH, Smith GH. Thermomechanical analysis of insulated subsea owlines. Proc Inst Mech Engng, Part M 2004;218(2):7791.

A.3. Thermal problem (THE)

1. Alawadhi EM. Thermal insulation using phase change material. ASME Int Mech Engng Cong, HTD 2003;374:2739. 2. Allam MA, et al. Tube-to-tubesheet joints: maximum tensile stress and contact pressure due to thermal loading and temperature cycling. Int Joint Power Gener Conf, Scottsdale. New York: ASME 2002;5162. 3. Augutis V, Gailius D. A test method for the evaluation of the heat insulation layer of heat supply pipes. Insight: Non-Destr Test Cond Monit 2001;43(6):3903. 4. Basavaraju C, Fox RC. Temperature attenuation along pipe support stanchions. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;440:4558. 5. Bass BR, et al. Overview of the international comparative assessment study of pressurized thermal shock in reactor pressure vessels(RPV PTS ICAS). Int J Press Vess Piping 2001;78(2/3):197211. 6. Bezdikian G, et al. French RPV assessmentcontribution of expertises in mechanical analyses. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002; 443:5971. 7. Bilir S. Transient conjugated heat transfer in pipes involving twodimensional wall and axial uid conduction. Int J Heat Mass Transf 2002;45(8):17818. 8. Bonn R, et al. Temperature and residual stress elds in an austenitic circumferential pipe weld. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002; 434:5562. 9. Broyles RK. Bellows design equations supported by limit analysis. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2003;458:2734. 10. Budden PJ. Validation of the high-temperature structural integrity procedure R5 by component testing. Int J Press Vess Piping 2003; 80(7/8):51726. 11. Bugat S, et al. Assessment of the French reactor pressure vessel integrity in PTS conditions thermalhydraulic and thermomechanical studies of the small break LOCA. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;443:7989. 12. Cardella A. Analytical methodology and boundary problem for computing temperature and thermal stresses in tubes. Heat Technol 2002;20(1):617. 13. Carucci VA, et al. Recommendations for design of vessels for elevated temperature service. Weld Res Counc Bull No. 470 2002;21. 14. Chattopadhyay S. Structural evaluation of a piping system subject to thermal stratication. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;440: 5965. 15. Chen HF, Ponter ARS. Integrity assessment for a tubeplate using the linear matching method. Int J Press Vess Piping 2004;81(4):32736. 16. Comini G, Croce G. Connective heat and mass transfer in tube-n exchangers under dehumidifying conditions. Num Heat Transf A 2001; 40(6):57999. 17. Comini G, Croce G. Numerical simulation of convective heat and mass transfer in banks of tubes. Int J Num Meth Engng 2003;57(12): 175573. 18. Da Costa AM, et al. An engineering solution to the problem of thermal buckling of heated pipelines buried in soft clay. Pipes Pipelines Int 2003;48(1):1931. 19. Gabrielaitiene I, et al. Analysis of uid ow and heat transfer in district heating pipelines using the nite element method. Heat Transf VII. Southampton: WIT Press 2002;1322. 20. Hagihara S, Miyazaki N. Finite element analysis for local creep of a tube coolant piping system in light water reactor due to local heating under severe accident condition. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;440:2532. 21. Han LH. Fire performance of concrete lled steel tubular beamcolumns. J Constr Steel Res 2001;57(6):697711. 22. Hari Y. Finite element analysis and design of an annular tank. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2003;453:18794. 23. Hari Y, et al. Qualication of a jacketed vessel using nite element analysis. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2003;469:17582.

J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 82 (2005) 571592 47. Peniguel C, et al. Presentation of a numerical 3D approach to tackle thermal stripping in a PWR nuclear T-junction. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2003;469:12532. 48. Penso Mula JA. Fundamental study of failure mechanisms of pressure vessels under thermo-mechanical cycling in multiphase environments. PhD Thesis, The Ohio State Univ 2001. 49. Quandir GA, et al. Modeling of wire-on-tube heat exchangers using nite element method. Finite Elem Anal Des 2002;38(5):41734. 50. Rahimi M, et al. Thermal stresses in boiler tubes arising from highspeed cleaning jets. Int J Mech Sci 2003;45(6/7):9951009. 51. Rouillon Y. French RPV assessment-contribution of expertises in mechanical analyses. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP, New York: ASME; 2002;443:5971. 52. Sandberg C, et al. Analysis for arctic valve heat tracing requirements. Petrol Chem Indust Tech Conf, New Orleans. IEEE 2002; 2002:2038. 53. Sandberg C, et al. Analysis for arctic valve heat tracing requirements. IEEE Trans Ind Appl 2003;39(5):14626. 54. Sarma GB, et al. Modeling studies to predict stresses in composite oor tubes of black liquor recovery boilers. J Engng Mater Technol, ASME 2001;123(3):34954. 55. Sato T. Contribution of structural analysis to LNG plant design. 14th Int Conf Exhib Liquef Nat Gas. GTI 2004;100515. 56. Scliffer L, et al. Simulation of the pressure equipment behavior under thermal loading sealing application. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;433:6774. 57. Segall AE. Transient analysis of thick-walled piping under polynomial thermal loading. Nuclear Engng Des 2003;226(3):18391. 58. Seipp TG, Reichert C. Thermal mixing points: a thermomechanical stress FEA procedure. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;440: 1724. 59. Sherry AH, et al. Developments in local approach methodology with application to the analysis re-analysis of the NESC-1 PTS benchmark experiment. Int J Press Vess Piping 2001;78(2/3):23749. 60. Stone HBJ, et al. Modelling of accelerated pipe freezing. Chem Engng Res Des 2004;82(10):13539. 61. Suresh K, et al. Tubular structure deformation under the thermal loads of two uids. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;448: 1039. 62. Taagepera J, et al. Three turnaround heat treating studies. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2003;459:1016. 63. Tuma JV, Kranjc J. The temperature distribution in the superheater tube. Ingenieurwesen/Engng Res 2001;66(4):1536. 64. Webb RL, Iyengar A. Oval nned tube condenser and design pressure limits. J Enh Heat Transf 2001;8(3):14758. 65. Williams DK, Seipp TG. Considerations in the design and analysis of an ASME Section VIII. Div 2 reactor support skirt. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2003;469:16774. 66. Willschutz HG, et al. Analysis and insight about FE-calculations of the EC-forever-experiments. 10th Int Conf Nucl Engng, IE 2002;10: 595601. 67. Xin N, Li PJ. Application of pressure vessel design with non-uniform temperature distribution. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001; 430:359. 68. Yamamoto Y, et al. Verication of alternative stress evaluation criteria and code elastic limits for primary plus secondary stress. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;419:2532. 69. Yamamoto Y, et al. Evaluation of thermal stress ratchet in plastic FEA. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;439:310. 70. Yao X, et al. Transient temperature and internal stress analysis of quenched centric and eccentric cylindrical tubes. Z Metallkd 2003; 94(1):606. 71. Youm HK, et al. Fatigue effect of RCS branch line by thermal stratication. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2003;454:617. 72. Zheng B, et al. Combined turbulent forced convection and thermal radiation in a curved pipe with uniform wall temperature. Nat Heat Transf Conf, Anaheim. New York: ASME 2001;162736.

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73. Zheng B, et al. Combined turbulent forced convection and thermal radiation in a curved pipe with uniform wall temperature. Numer Heat Transf A 2003;44(2):14967. 74. Zucca S, et al. Faster on-line calculation of thermal stresses by time integration. Int J Press Vess Piping 2004;81(5):3939.

A.4. Fracture mechanics problems (FRA)

1. Abdullah Z, et al. A study of ow induced vibration failures in a large heat exchanger. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;420:16. 2. Abou-Hanna J, et al. Prediction of crack coalescence of steam generator tubes in nuclear power plants. Nuclear Engng Des 2004; 229(2/3):17587. 3. Acharyya S, et al. The effect of non-crack component on critical fracture energy of ductile material. Int J Press Vess Piping 2004; 81(4):34553. 4. Ahn SH, et al. Fracture behavior of straight pipe and elbow with local wall thinning. Nuclear Engng Des 2002;211(2/3):91103. 5. Aktaa J, et al. Limit strains for impact loads. First experimental results of a European research program. Struct Shock Impact VII. Southampton:WIT Press 2002;44756. 6. Alkoles OMS, et al. Ellipticity ratio effects in the energy absorption of axially crushed composite tubes. Appl Compos Mater 2003;10(6): 33963. 7. Allam M, Bazergui A. Axial strength of tube-to-tubesheet joints: nite element and experimental evaluations. J Press Vess Tech, ASME 2002;124(1):2231. 8. Alves JL, Roehl D. Numerical evaluation of load capacity of corroded pipes. ASCE Int Conf Pipeline Engng Constr; Baltimore. New York: ASCE 2003;122837. 9. Andersen A, et al. Protection against high-energy line breaks in WWER power plants. Nuclear Engng Des 2001;206(2/3):11928. 10. Andrade-Lima E, Bruno AC. Improving the detection of aws in steel pipes using SQUID planar gradiometers. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2001;11(1):1299302. 11. Andrews R, et al. Measurement and modelling of the crack tip opening angle in a pipeline steel. 4th Int Pipeline Conf, Calgary. New York: ASME 2002;2718. 12. Bai H, et al. Scattering of guided waves by circumferential cracks in steel pipes. J Appl Mech, ASME 2001;68(4):61931. 13. Bai H, et al. Scattering of guided waves by circumferential cracks in steel pipes. AIP Conf, No 557A 2001;18895. 14. Bardi FC, et al. On the axisymmetric progressive crushing of circular tubes under axial compression. Int J Solids Struct 2003;40(12): 313755. 15. Basavaraju C. Analysis of a pipe with a trunnion attachment for moment loadings. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;430: 12535. 16. Beard S, Chang FK. Design of braided composites for energy absorption. J Thermoplast Compos Mat 2002;15(1):312. 17. Beard SJ. Energy absorption of braided composite tubes. PhD Thesis, Stanford Univ 2001. 18. Beard SJ, Chang FK. Energy absorption of braided composite tubes. Int J Crashworth 2002;7(2):191206. 19. Beardsmore DW, et al. The assessment of reactor pressure vessel defects allowing for crack tip constraint and its effect on the calculation of the onset of upper shelf. Int J Press Vess Piping 2003; 80(11):78795. 20. Benjamin AC, De Andrade EQ. Predicting the failure pressure of pipelines containing nonuniform depth corrosion defects using the nite element method. Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Cancun. New York: ASME 2003;55764. 21. Bergan PG, et al. Overview of the FPSO- fatigue capacity jip. Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Oslo. New York: ASME 2002;4118.

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J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 82 (2005) 571592 moment(internal uid is liquid). ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2003;457:8595. Schindler S, Zeman JL. Stress concentration factors of nozzle-sphere connections. Int J Press Vess Piping 2003;80(2):8795. Schwarz MM. Flexibility analysis of the vessel-piping interface. Int J Press Vess Piping 2004;81(2):1819. Senike WH. A dynamic investigation of piping systems with a bolted ange. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;440:1218. Singh RK. Numerical simulation of residual stresses in pressure tube rolled joints of Indian pressurised heavy water reactor. 10th Int Conf Nucl Engng, ICONE 10; Arlington. New York: ASME; 2002 pp. 649656. Skopinsky VN, Smetankin AB. Parametric study of reinforcement of pressure vessel head with offset nozzle. Int J Press Vess Piping 2003; 80(5):33343. Srinivasan G, Lehnhoff TF. Bolt head llet stress concentration factors in cylindrical pressure vessels. J Press Vess Tech, ASME 2001;123(3): 3816. Takaki T, Fukuoka T. Finite element analyses of bolt-up operations for pipe ange connections. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001; 416:1417. Takaki T, Fukuoka T, Systematical FE. analysis of bolt assembly process of pipe ange connections. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;433:14752. Takaki T, Fukuoka T. Three-dimensional nite element analysis of pipe ange connections-the case of using compressed asbestos sheet gasket. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;433:1717. Takaki T, Fukuoka T. Finite element simulation of the dissassembly process of pipe ange connections. Trans Jpn Soc Mech Engng, Ser A 2002;68(11):16227. Takaki T, Fukuoka T. Effective bolt-up procedure of pipe ange connections(nite element analyses and elastic interaction coefcient methods). Trans Jpn Soc Mech Engng, Ser A 2002;68(4):5507. Takaki T, Fukuoka T. Three-dimensional nite element analysis of pipe ange connections(in case of using compressed asbestos sheet gasket). Trans Jpn Soc Mech Engng, Ser A 2002;68(1):814. Takaki T, Fukuoka T. Methodical guideline for bolt-up operation of pipe ange connections(a case using sheet gasket and spiral wound gasket). ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2003;457:2330. Wang X, Zheng J. Safety assessment of the junction between a thick pressure vessel shell and a thinner hemispherical head. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2003;459:819. Xuan FZ, et al. Evaluation of plastic limit load of piping branch junctions subjected to out-of-plane moment loadings. J Strain Anal Engng Des 2003;38(5):395404. Yang C, Guan Z. Stress analysis of composite pipe joints under combined torsional and tensile loading. Int SAMPE Tech Conf 2001; 33:48293. Yang C, et al. Stress model of composite pipe joints under bending. J Compos Mater 2002;36(11):133148. Yu S, et al. Sealing behavior of the HTR-10 pressure vessel anges. Nuclear Engng Des 2002;216(1/3):24753. Zhao JQ, et al. Effect of eccentricity and bonding on behaviour of sliplined pipe. Tunnell Underground Space Tech 2004;19(1):97110. Zhu M, Hall DE. Creep induced contact and stress evolution in thinwalled pipe liners. Thin-Wall Struct 2001;39(11):93959. Zou Z, et al. Modelling interlaminar and intralaminar damage in lament-wound pipes under quasi-static indentation. J Compos Mater 2002;36(4):47799.

36. Moirot F, et al. An example of stick-slip and stick-slip-separation waves. Europ J Mech, A/Solids 2003;22(1):10718. 37. Nagata S, et al. The effects of ange geometry changes on the stress distribution in bolted anged joints. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;416:12334. 38. Nagata S, et al. A simplied modeling of gasket stress-strain curve for FEM analysis in bolted ange joint design. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;433:538. 39. Nechache A, Bouzid AH. The redistribution of load in bolted gasketed joints subjected to steady state thermal loading. 10th Int Conf Nucl Engng, IE 2002;10:74351. 40. Noda NA, et al. The effect of material difference and ange nominal size on the sealing performance of new gasketless anges. Int J Press Vess Piping 2002;79(12):80718. 41. Pang SS, et al. Fast joining of composite pipes using UV curing FRP composites. Polymer Compos 2004;25(3):298306. 42. Peck JA, et al. Light intensity effect on UV cured FRP coupled composite pipe joints. Compos Struct 2004;64(3/4):53946. 43. Peck JA, et al. UV-cured FRP joint thickness effect on coupled composite pipes. Int SAMPE Tech Conf, Long Beach 2004;312335. 44. Peng SW. Seismic resistant connections for concrete lled tube column-to-wide ange beam moment resisting frames. PhD Thesis, Lehigh Univ 2001. 45. Peniguel C, et al. Presentation of a numerical 3D approach to tackle thermal stripping in a PWR nuclear T-junction. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2003;469:12532. 46. Porter MA, et al. Investigation and repair of a heat exchanger tubesheet-to-channel ange. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;430:4750. 47. Pozzessere F, et al. Modelling of ferrule strap connections to uPVC pipes. 9th Int Conf Civil Str Eng Comput. Edinburgh: Civil-Comp 2003;712. 48. Rodabaugh EC, Wais EA. Standardized method for developing exibility factors for piping components. Weld Res Counc Bull; No. 463 2001;126. 49. Sahney MK. A new approach to reducing the stress concentration factors for cross-bores in blocks under high pressure. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2003;455:99103. 50. Sawa T, Higuchi R. FEM stress analysis and sealing performance in bolted ange connections with cover of pressure vessel subjected to internal pressure. ASME Int Mech Engng Cong; DE 2003;116:5119. 51. Sawa T, Matsumoto A. FEM stress analysis and sealing performance in pipe ange connections with gaskets subjected to internal pressure and external bending moment. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002; 433:819. 52. Sawa T, Ogata N. An estimation of the tightness parameter in the pipe ange connection with gasket under internal pressure. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;416:16977. 53. Sawa T, Ogata N. Stress analysis and evaluation of the sealing performance in pipe ange connections with spiral wound gaskets under internal pressure. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;416: 2734. 54. Sawa T, Ogata N. Stress analysis and the sealing performance evaluation of pipe ange connection with spiral wound gaskets under internal pressure. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;433:11527. 55. Sawa T, et al. Stress analysis and determination of bolt preload in pipe ange connections with gaskets under internal pressure. J Press Vess Tech, ASME 2002;124(4):38596. 56. Sawa T, et al. Stress analysis and an estimation of the sealing performance in pipe ange connections with spiral wound gasket subjected to internal pressure. Trans Jpn Soc Mech Engng, Ser A 2002; 68(7):11208. 57. Sawa T. Effects of scatter in bolt preload of pipe ange connections with gaskets on sealing performance. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP, New York: ASME; 2003;457:6575. 58. Sawa T, et al. FEM stress analysis and sealing performance in pipe ange connections with gaskets subjected to external bending

59. 60. 61. 62.

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72.

73.

74.

75. 76. 77. 78. 79.

A.6. Fluidstructure interaction problems (FLU)

1. Botha DE, et al. The role of computational technologies in solving a uid induced piping vibration problems. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;424:7986.

J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 82 (2005) 571592 2. Cheval K, et al. Fluid structure interaction in tube bundles using homogenization techniques. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;421:95102. 3. De Medeiros JL, et al. A dynamic modeling of pipeline networks for dense compressible uids tuned with time series of plant data. 4th Int Pipeline Conf, Calgary. New York: ASME 2002;101528. 4. Hansson PA, Sandberg G. Dynamic nite element analysis of uidlled pipes. Comp Meth Appl Mech Engng 2001;190(24):311120. 5. Jeng DS. Numerical modeling for wave-seabed-pipe interaction in a non-homogeneous porous seabed. Soil Dyn Earthquake Engng 2001; 21(8):699712. 6. Jeng DS, Postma PF. Finite element analysis of an offshore pipeline buried in a porous seabed: effects of cover layer. 8th Int Conf Civil Struct Engng Comput, Vienna 2001;2712. 7. Kochupillai J, et al. Model reduction for parametric instability analysis in shells conveying uid. J Sound Vib 2003;262(3):63349. 8. Lafon P, et al. Aeroacoustical coupling in a ducted shallow cavity and uid/structure effects on a steam line. J Fluids Struct 2003;18(6):695713. 9. Lee U, Oh H. The spectral element model for pipelines conveying internal steady ow. Engng Struct 2003;25(8):104555. 10. Lin YH, Chu CL. Active modal control of Timoshenko pipes conveying uid. J Chinese Inst Engng 2001;24(1):6574. 11. Lin YH, et al. Optimal modal vibration suppression of a uid-conveying pipe with a divergent mode. J Sound Vib 2004;271(3/5):57797. 12. Miliou A. Fluid dynamic loading on curved riser pipes. J Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, ASME 2003;125(3):17682. 13. Misra AS. Acoustic, uidstructure and decoupled seismic analysis of piping systems. PhD Thesis, Univ of Toronto, Canada 2003. 14. Monprapusson T. The coupled radialaxial deformations analysis of exible pipes conveying uid. Int J Num Meth Engng 2004;59(11): 1399452. 15. Schramm K. Integrity of a curved divider plate in steam generator of pressurized water reactors due to dynamic pressure loading considering uidstructure interaction. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002; 446:13342. 16. Shu D, et al. Investigation of pressure in pipe subjected to axialsymmetric pulse loading. Int J Impact Engng 2001;25(6):52336. 17. Sinha JK, et al. Finite element simulation of dynamic behavior of openended cantilever pipe conveying uid. J Sound Vib 2001;240(1): 18994. 18. Somashekhar SH, et al. FE approach: electro-mechanical-uid interaction of jet pipe electrohydraulic ow control servovalve. ASME Int Mech, Engng Cong, FPST 2003;10:18994. 19. Sreejith B, et al. Finite element analysis of uidstructure interaction in pipeline systems. Nuclear Engng Des 2004;227(3):31322. 20. Suresh K, et al. Tubular structure deformation under the thermal loads of two uids. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;448:1039. 21. Ryu SU, et al. Eigenvalue branches and modes for utter of cantilevered pipes conveying uid. Computers and Structures 2002;80(14):123141. 22. Thiriet M, et al. Entry length and wall shear stress in uniformly collapsed-pipe ow. Comput Model Engng Sci 2003;4(3/4):47388. 23. Zhang YL, et al. A nite element method for modeling the vibration of initially tensioned thin-walled orthotropic cylindrical tubes conveying uid. J Sound Vib 2001;245(1):93112. 24. Zhang YL, et al. A modal and damping analysis of viscoelastic Timoshenko tubes conveying uid. Int J Num Meth Engng 2001;50(2): 41933.

587

A.7. Manufacturing of pipes and tubes (MAN)

1. Aguirre F, et al. Bending of steel tubes with luders bands. Int J Plasticity 2004;20(7):1199225. 2. Ahmed M, Hashmi MSJ. Three-dimensional nite element simulation of bulge forming. J Mater Process Technol 2001;119(1/3):38792.

3. Alexandrova N. Fracture analysis of tube drawing with a mandrel. J Mater Process Technol 2003;142(3):75561. 4. Asahi H, et al. Pipe production technology and properties of X120 linepipe. Int Offshore Polar Engng Conf, Honolulu. ISOPE 2003; 22939. 5. Asahi H, et al. Pipe production technology and properties of X120 linepipe. Int J Offshore Polar Engng 2004;14(1):3641. 6. Asna N, et al. Tubular hydroforming of automotive side members with extruded aluminium proles. J Mater Process Technol 2003; 142(1):93101. 7. Aue-U-Lan Y, et al. Optimizing tube hydroforming using process simulation and experimental verication. J Mater Process Technol 2004;146(1):13743. 8. Bellet M, et al. Application of the arbitrary Eulerian Lagrangian nite element formulation to the thermomechanical simulation of casting processes. 10th Int Conf Model Casting Weld; Destin. MMMS 2003;3618. 9. Bezdikian G, et al. PWR nuclear power plant reactor vessel and coolant system cast duplex stainless steel elbows new results in integrity analysis. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2003;469: 91103. 10. Boudeau N, et al. Inuence of material and process parameters on the development of necking and bursting in ange and tube hydroforming. J Mater Process Technol 2002;125-126:84955. 11. Carroll N, McElhaney M. Optimization of a rotationally molded pressure vessel. Ann Tech Conf ANTEC, Nashville. SPE 2003; 12469. 12. Cherouat A, et al. Numerical improvement of thin tubes hydroforming with respect to ductile damage. Int J Mech Sci 2002;44(12):242746. 13. Chiba N, et al. Residual stress of thin-wall pipe subjected to axisymmetric plastic expansion. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;440:21320. 14. Cho JH, et al. Deformation texture of cold drawn A16063 tube. Mater Sci Forum 2002;408-412:56570. 15. Davies RW, et al. Anisotropic yield locus evolution during cold pilgering of titanium alloy tubing. J Engng Mater Technol, ASME 2002;124(2):12534. 16. Dvorkin EN, Toscano RG. Finite element models in the steel industry. Part II: Analyses of tubular products performance. Computers and Structures 2003;81(8/11):57594. 17. Fann KJ, Hsiao PY. Optimization of loading conditions for tube hydroforming. J Mater Process Technol 2003;140(1/3):5204. 18. Fukuda N, et al. Experimental and analytical study of cold-bending process for pipelines. Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic. Engng, Rio de Janeiro. New York: ASME 2001;716. 19. Fukuda N, et al. Experimental and analytical study of cold bending process for pipelines. J Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, ASME 2003; 125(2):1537. 20. Gao L, et al. Classication and analysis of tube hydroforming processes with respect to adaptive FEM simulations. J Mater Process Technol 2002;129(1/3):2617. 21. Gelin JC, Labergere C. Application of optimal design and control strategies to the forming of thin walled metallic components. J Mater Process Technol 2002;125-126:56572. 22. Guan Y. Constitutive modeling for polycrystalline aluminum alloy extrusions and application to hydroforming of thin-walled tubes. PhD Thesis, Michigan State Univ 2003. 23. Gupta NK, et al. A study of fold formation in axisymmetric axial collapse of round tubes. Int J Impact Engng 2001;27(1):87117. 24. Hama T, et al. Analysis of hydrostatic tube bulging with cylindrical die using static explicit FEM. Mater Trans 2003;44(5):9405. 25. Hao N, Li L. Finite element analysis of laser tube bending process. Appl Surface Sci 2003;208-209:43741. 26. Hsu QC. Theoretical and experimental study on the hydroforming of bifurcation tube. J Mater Process Technol 2003;142(2):36773. 27. Huang YM. Finite element analysis of tube aring process with a conical tool. Int J Adv Manuf Tech 2004;24(1/2):917.

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J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 82 (2005) 571592 52. Kwan CT, et al. An analysis of the nosing process of metal tubes. Int J Adv Manuf Tech 2004;23(3/4):1906. 53. Lang L, et al. A study on numerical simulation of hydroforming of aluminum alloy tube. J Mater Process Technol 2004;146(3):37788. 54. Lee H. Bending analysis of oval tubes and optimization of boost system in rotary draw bender for hydroforming applications. PhD Thesis, Colorado School of Mines 2004. 55. Lee HT, et al. Fixtures design for controlling distortion of pressure vessel during fabrication. ASME Int Mech Engng Cong; PVP 2003; 470:539. 56. Lee JW, et al. Determination of forming limit of a structural aluminum tube in rubber pad bending. J Mater Process Technol 2003; 140(1/3):48793. 57. Lee SH, et al. Cylindrical tube optimization using response surface method based on stochastic process. J Mater Process Technol 2002; 130-131:4906. 58. Lee SH, et al. Comparative crash simulations incorporating the results of sheet forming analyses. Engng Comput 2001;18(5/6):74458. 59. Lee SW. Study on the forming parameters of the metal bellows. J Mater Process Technol 2002;130-131:4753. 60. Li B, et al. Reliability analysis of the tube hydroforming process based on forming limit diagram. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2003;458:3018. 61. Li C, et al. Numerical simulation of the magnetic pressure in tube electromagnetic bulging. J Mater Process Technol 2002;123(2): 2258. 62. Lin FC, Kwan CT. Investigation of T-shape tube hydroforming with nite element method. Int J Adv Manuf Tech 2003;21(6):4205. 63. Lin FC, Kwan CT. Application of abductive network and FEM to predict an acceptable product on T-shape tube hydroforming process. Computers and Structures 2004;82(15):1189200. 64. Lu YH. Study of tube aring ratio and strain rate in the tube aring process. Finite Elem Anal Des 2004;40(3):30518. 65. Ma WQ, et al. Extrusion die CAE of the steel reinforced plastic pipe. Acta Metall Sinica 2004;17(3):3036. 66. Mac Donald BJ, Hashmi MSJ. Analysis of die behaviour during bulge forming operations using the nite element method. Finite Elem Anal Des 2002;39(2):13751. 67. Manabe KI, Amino M. Effects of process parameters and material properties on deformation process in tube hydroforming. J Mater Process Technol 2002;123(2):28591. 68. Martin J. Methods, models and assumptions used in nite element simulation of a pilger metal forming process. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2003;458:10919. 69. Miller JE, Kyriakides S. Three-dimensional effects of the bend-stretch forming of aluminum tubes. Int J Mech Sci 2003;45(1):11540. 70. Mimaki M, et al. Optimal control analysis of induction heating for preheating temperature distribution of pipe with upset. Trans Jpn Soc Mech Engng, Ser C 2003;69(11):30416. 71. Montmitonnet P, et al. 3D elasticplastic nite element simulation of cold pilgering of zircaloy tubes. J Mater Process Technol 2002;125126:81420. 72. Nagarnachi T, et al. Effect of pass schedule on cross-sectional shapes of circular seamless pipes reshaped into square shapes by hot roll sizing mill. Mater Trans JIM 2004;45(4):13227. 73. Nefussi G, Combescure A. Coupled buckling and plastic instability for tube hydroforming. Int J Mech Sci 2002;44(5):899914. 74. Ngaile G, et al. Lubrication in tube hydroforming(THF) Part I: Lubrication mechanisms and development of model tests to evaluate lubricants and die coatings. J Mater Process Technol 2004;146(1): 10815. 75. Ngaile G, et al. Lubrication in tube hydroforming(THF) Part II: Performance evaluation of lubricants using LDH test and pear-shaped tube expansion test. J Mater Process Technol 2004;146(1):11623. 76. Nguyen B, et al. Analysis of tube free hydroforming using an inverse approach with FLD-based adjustment of process parameters. J Engng Mater Technol, ASME 2003;125(2):13340.

28. Huang YM, Huang YM. Inuence of punch radius and angle on the outward curling process of tubes. Int J Adv Manuf Tech 2002;19(8): 58796. 29. Huang YM, Huang YM. An elasto-plastic nite element analysis of the axisymmetric tube-nosing process with a conical tool. Key Engng Mater 2002;233-236:3716. 30. Huh H, et al. Optimization of a roller levelling process for A17001T9 pipes with nite element analysis and Taguchi method. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 2003;43(4):34550. 31. Hwang YM, Altan T. Finite element analysis of tube hydroforming processes in a rectangular die. Finite Elem Anal Des 2003;39(11): 107182. 32. Hwang YM, Altan T. Process fusion: tube hydroforming and crushing in a square die. Proc Inst Mech Engng, Part B 2004;218(2):16974. 33. Hwang YM, Chen WC. Analysis and nite element simulation of tube expansion in a rectangular cross-sectional die. Proc Inst Mech Engng, Part B 2003;217(1):12735. 34. Hwang YM, Lin YK. Analysis and nite element simulation of the tube bulge hydroforming process. J Mater Process Technol 2002;125126:8215. 35. Hwang YM, Lin YK. FE-simulations of T-shape tube hydroforming. Key Engng Mater 2002;233-236:31722. 36. Imaninejad M, et al. Experimental and numerical investigation of free-bulge formation during hydroforming of aluminum extrusions. J Mater Process Technol 2004;147(2):24754. 37. Jain N, et al. Finite element analysis of dual hydroforming processes. J Mater Process Technol 2004;145(1):5965. 38. Jirathearanat S. Advanced methods for nite element simulation for part and process design in tube hydroforming. PhD Thesis, The Ohio State Univ 2004. 39. Jirathearanat S, et al. Hydroforming of Y-shapes-product and process design using FEA simulation and experiments. J Mater Process Technol 2004;146(1):1249. 40. Jo HH, et al. Prediction of welding pressure in the non-steady state porthole die extrusion of A17003 tubes. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 2002;42(6):7539. 41. Jo HH, et al. Determination of welding pressure in the non-steadystate porthole die extrusion of improved A17003 hollow section tubes. J Mater Process Technol 2003;139(1/3):42833. 42. Johnson KI, et al. A numerical process control method for circulartube hydroforming prediction. Int J Plasticity 2004;20(6):111137. 43. Kim KJ, et al. Investigation into the improvement of welding strength in three-dimensional extrusion of tubes using porthole dies. J Mater Process Technol 2002;130-131:42631. 44. Kim N, et al. Prediction and design of edge shape of initial strip for thick tube roll forming using nite element method. J Mater Process Technol 2003;142(2):47986. 45. Koc M. Investigation of the effect of loading path and variation in material properties on robustness of the tube hydroforming process. J Mater Process Technol 2003;133(3):27681. 46. Koc M. Tribological issues in the tube hydroforming processselection of a lubricant for robust conditions for an automotive structural frame part. J Manuf Sci Engng, ASME 2003;125(3): 48492. 47. Koc M, Altan T. Application of two dimensional (2D) FEA for the tube hydroforming process. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 2002;42(11): 128595. 48. Koc M, et al. On the characteristics of tubular materials for hydroforming-experimentation and analysis. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 2001;41(5):76172. 49. Kridli GT, et al. Investigation of thickness variation and comer lling in tube hydroforming. J Mater Process Technol 2003;133(3):28796. 50. Kwan CT. An analysis of the eccentric nosing process of metal tubes. J Mater Process Technol 2003;140(1/3):5304. 51. Kwan CT, et al. Die shape design for T-shape tube hydroforming. Int J Adv Manuf Tech 2004;23(3/4):16975.

J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 82 (2005) 571592 77. Nguyen BN, et al. Analysis of tube hydroforming by means of an inverse approach. J Manuf Sci Engng, ASME 2003;125(2):36977. 78. Pipan J, Kosel F. Numerical simulation of rotational symmetric tube bulging with inside pressure and axial compression. Int J Mech Sci 2002;44(3):64564. 79. Qi LH, et al. Simulation of liquid inltration and semi-solid extrusion for composite tubes by quasi-coupling thermal-mechanical nite element method. J Mater Sci 2003;38(17):366975. 80. Rama SC, et al. A two-dimensional approach for simulation of hydroforming expansion of tubular cross-sections without axial feed. J Mater Process Technol 2003;141(3):42030. 81. Rosa PA, et al. Internal inversion of thin-walled tubes using a die: experimental and theoretical investigation. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 2004;44(71):77584. 82. Rosa PAR, et al. External inversion of thin-walled tubes using a die: experimental and theoretical investigation. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 2003;43(8):78796. 83. Shih CK, et al. A study on seamless tube in the planetary rolling process. J Mater Process Technol 2002;121(2/3):27384. 84. Shirayori A, et al. Deformation behavior of tubes with thickness deviation in circumferential direction during hydraulic free bulging. J Mater Process Technol 2003;139(1/3):5863. 85. Smith LM, et al. Double-sided high-pressure tubular hydroforming. J Mater Process Technol 2003;142(3):599608. 86. Smith LM, et al. Finite element modeling of the tubular hydroforming process Part 1: Strain rate-independent material model assumption. J Mater Process Technol 2004;147(1):12130. 87. Strano M, Altan T. An inverse energy approach to determine the ow stress of tubular materials for hydroforming applications. J Mater Process Technol 2004;146(1):926. 88. Strano M, et al. Virtual process development in tube hydroforming. J Mater Process Technol 2004;146(1):1306. 89. Sun Z, Yang H. Development of a nite element simulation system for the tube axial compressive precision forming process. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 2002;42(1):1520. 90. Trana K. Finite element simulation of the tube hydroforming processbending, preforming and hydroforming. J Mater Process Technol 2002;127(3):4018. 91. Utsumi N, Sakaki S. Countermeasures against undesirable phenomena in the draw-bending process for extruded square tubes. J Mater Process Technol 2002;123(2):2649. 92. Van Putten K, et al. Towards modelling elasticplastic deformation of a tube-shaped work-piece under axisymmetric load. Steel Res 2003; 74(3):16875. 93. Vargas G, Miravete A. Inuence of the lament winding process variables on the mechanical behavior of a composite pressure vessel. High Perform Struct Mater II. Southampton: WIT Press 2004;10918. 94. Vollertsen F, Plancak M. On possibilities for the determination of the coefcient of friction in hydroforming of tubes. J Mater Process Technol 2002;125-126:41220. 95. Wang Y, et al. Plastic bulge and energy absorption of stepped circular thin pipe. Trans Jpn Soc Mech Engng, Ser A 2002;68(8): 115562. 96. Wang Z, et al. Numerical and experimental research of the cold upsetting-extruding of tube anges. J Mater Process Technol 2001; 110(1):2835. 97. Wiskel JB, et al. Kinematic behaviour of microalloyed steels under complex forming conditions. Canad Metall Q 2004;43(1): 12536. 98. Xu Y, et al. 3D rigid-plastic FEM numerical simulation on tube spinning. J Mater Process Technol 2001;113(1/3):7103. 99. Yang H, et al. FEM analysis of mechanism of free deformation under dieless constraint in axial compressive forming process of tube. J Mater Process Technol 2001;115(3):36772. 100. Zhan M, et al. A study on a 3D FE simulation method of the NC bending process of thin-walled tube. J Mater Process Technol 2002; 129(1/3):2736.

589

A.8. Welded pipes and pressure vessel components (WEL)

1. Armand S, Jones S. Prediction and testing(ASTM E-837-89) of residual stresses in structures(operated in sohic environment) caused by welding. Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Oslo. New York: ASME 2002;5974. 2. Bang IW, et al. Numerical simulation of sleeve repair welding of inservice gas pipelines. Weld J 2002;81(12):27382. 3. Basavaraju C. Analysis of a pipe with a trunnion attachment for moment loadings. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;430: 12535. 4. Bonn R, et al. Temperature and residual stress elds in an austenitic circumferential pipe weld. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002; 434:5562. 5. Bouchard PJ, Bradford RAW. Validated axial residual stress proles for fracture assessments of austenitic stainless steel pipe girth welds. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;423:939. 6. Chas G, Faidy C. Structural integrity of bi-metallic welds in piping fracture testing and analysis. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;430:17388. 7. Chauhan V, Feng Z. Pipeline girth weld residual stresses and the effects of hydrotesting. 4th Int Pipeline Conf, Calgary. New York: ASME 2002;3818. 8. Dong P, Hong JK. Analysis of IIW X/XV RSDP Phase I round-robin residual stress results. Weld Res Abroad 2003;49(6/7):18. 9. Dong P, et al. Fatigue of piping and vessel welds: ASMEs FSRF rules revisited. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;439:17190. 10. Dong P, et al. Effects of repair weld length on residual stress distribution. J Press Vess Tech, ASME 2002;124(1):7480. 11. Dong P, et al. Assessment of ASMEs FSRF rules for vessel and piping welds using a new structural stress method. Weld World 2003;47(1/2): 3143. 12. Eadie R, et al. Long seam welds in gas and liquids pipelines and nearneutral pH stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue. 4th Int Pipeline Conf, Calgary. New York: ASME 2002;162934. 13. Finlay JP, et al. Effective stress factors for reinforced butt-welded branch outlets subjected to internal pressure or external moment loads. Int J Press Vess Piping 2003;80(5):31131. 14. Ghanimi Y, et al. Modeling of friction welding of long components. Trends Welding Int Conf, Phoenix. ASM 2002;32933. 15. Halsen KO, Wastberg S. The applicability of elastic plastic fracture mechanics parameters for defects in girth welds subjected to cyclic loading. Int Offshore Polar Engng Conf. ISOPE 2003;56370. 16. Hornbach DJ, Prevey PS. The effect of prior cold work on tensile residual stress development in nuclear weldments. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;429:2534. 17. Hyde TH, Sun W. Effect of bending load on the creep failure behaviour of a pressurised thick walled CrMoV pipe weldment. Int J Press Vess Piping 2002;79(5):3319. 18. Hyde TH, et al. Effect of weld angle and axial load on the creep failure behaviour of an internally pressurised thick walled CrMoV pipe weld. Int J Press Vess Piping 2001;78(5):36572. 19. Hyde TH, et al. Creep analysis of pressurized circumferential pipe weldmentsa review. J Strain Anal Engng Des 2003;38(1):130. 20. Hyde TH, et al. Life prediction of repaired welds in a pressurised CrMoV pipe with incorporation of initial damage. Int J Press Vess Piping 2004;81(1):112. 21. Hyde TH, et al. Effect of geometry change on the creep failure life of a thick-walled CrMoV pipe with a circumferential weldment. Int J Press Vess Piping 2004;81(4):36371. 22. Hyde TH, et al. Creep properties and failure assessment of new and fully repaired P91 pipe welds at 923 K. Proc Inst Mech Engng, Part L 2004;218(3):21122. 23. Ibekwe S, et al. Shear strength characteristics of an ultrasonic welded lap shear joint. ETCE, Houston; PD 2. New York: ASME 2002;2002: 5615.

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J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 82 (2005) 571592 49. Wilkins JK. Verication of a nite element analysis procedure for modelling the nonlinear monotonic in-plane behavior of 4 inch schedule 10 steel elbows. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2003; 464:15966. 50. Xuan FZ, et al. Plastic limit load of welded piping branch junctions under internal pressure. Nuclear Engng Des 2003;224(1):19.

24. Iyer S, et al. On the response of the tubesheet assembly in CANDU steam generators during welding and PWHT processes. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;417:91100. 25. Jin X, et al. Study on H2S stress corrosion test of welded joint for X65 pipeline steel and numerical analysis. China Weld 2004;13(1):216. 26. Jo HH, et al. Prediction of welding pressure in the non-steady state porthole die extrusion of A17003 tubes. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 2002; 42(6):7539. 27. Jo HH, et al. Determination of welding pressure in the non-steady-state porthole die extrusion of improved A17003 hollow section tubes. J Mater Process Technol 2003;139(1/3):42833. 28. Kim IS, et al. Prediction of welding parameters for pipeline using an intelligent system. Int J Adv Manuf Tech 2003;22(9/10):7139. 29. Kim KJ, et al. Investigation into the improvement of welding strength in three-dimensional extrusion of tubes using porthole dies. J Mater Process Technol 2002;130-131:42631. 30. Kim SY, et al. A proper groove design for distortion control of the multi-pass weldment at pressure vessel. ASME Int Mech Engng Cong; PVP 2003;470:717. 31. Kim WS, et al. The effects of heat input and gas ow rate on weld integrity for sleeve repair welding of in-service gas pipelines. 4th Int Pipeline Conf, Calgary. New York: ASME 2002;148392. 32. Kockelmann H, et al. Temperature and residual stress elds in an austenitic circumferential pipe weld. ASME Press Vess Piping; PVP 2002;434:5562. 33. Kostylev VI, et al. Investigation of residual stresses caused by welding, cladding and tempering of reactor pressure vessels. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2003;464:310. 34. Lazor R, et al. Modeling of pipeline repair sleeves. 4th Int Pipeline Conf, Calgary. New York: ASME 2002;19915. 35. Li G, et al. Joining composite pipes using hybrid prepreg welding and adhesive bonding. Polymer Compos 2003;24(6):697705. 36. Lin FY. Ultrasonic testing on two dimensional saddle-like weld via FEA method. Int SAMPE Tech Conf, Long Beach 2004;19952005. 37. Lu H, et al. Criteria for heated band width based on through-thickness temperature distribution-numerical study on local PWHT of butt welded pipe(Rep 1). Q J Jpn Weld Soc 2001;19(3):41623. 38. Madi Y, et al. Fracture behavior of mis-matched dissimilar welds: numerical simulation using local approach. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;434:1116. 39. Otegui JL, et al. Inuence of multiple sleeve repairs on the structural integrity of gas pipelines. Int J Press Vess Piping 2002;79(11):75965. 40. Patel RD. Creep life assessment of welded trunnion and branch components using the R5 procedure. Int J Press Vess Piping 2003; 80(10):695704. 41. Sabapathy PN, et al. Numerical models of in-service welding of gas pipelines. J Mater Process Technol 2001;118(1/3):1421. 42. Sabapathy PN, et al. Numerical methods to predict failure during the in-service welding of gas pipelines. J Strain Anal Engng Des 2001; 36(6):61120. 43. Sablik MJ, et al. Finite element modeling of magnetoacoustic emission and of stress-induced magnetic effects at seam welds in steel pipes. J Appl Phys 2001;89(11):67313. 44. Thorwald GV, Anderson TL. Finite element case study of local stress effects in long seam welded piping. Weld Res Counc; Bull; No. 475 2002;1135. 45. Thorwald GV, et al. Effect of materials and geometrical variables on creep behaviour of welds. Weld World 2003;47(5/6):1531. 46. Wang YY, et al. Development of a FAD-based girth weld ECA procedure Part I Theoretical framework. 4th Int Pipeline Conf, Calgary. New York: ASME 2002;171726. 47. Wang YY. A preliminary strain-based design criterion for pipeline girth welds. 4th Int Pipeline Conf, Calgary. New York: ASME 2002;41527. 48. Wen SW, Farrugia DCJ. Finite element modelling of residual stress in pipe welds. Strain 2001;37(1):1518.

A.9. Development of special nite elements for pressure vessels and pipes (ELE)
1. Anderson TL, Brown GW. Special nite elements for piping elbows and bends at high temperatures with creep. Weld Res Counc Bull; No. 482 2003;123. 2. Asada S, et al. Application of shell elements to collapse load analysis. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2003;453:618. 3. Christoforidis GC, et al. Induced voltages and currents on gas pipelines with imprefect coatings due to faults in a nearby transmission line. IEEE Porto Power Tech Proc 2001;4:16. 4. Damousis IG, et al. A fuzzy logic system for calculation of the interference of overhead transmission lines on buried pipelines. Electr Power Syst Res 2001;57(2):10513. 5. El-Abbasi N, et al. Three-dimensional nite element analysis of saddle supported pressure vessels. Int J Mech Sci 2001;43(5):122942. 6. Fonseca E, et al. A new nite element for generalized in-plane pipe loading. experimental and numerical comparison. Comput Engng IV. Southampton: WIT Press 2003;65160. 7. Greer JM, Palazotto AN. Nonlinear through-thickness behavior of a toroidal shell using 2-D nite elements. ASME Int Mech Engng Cong Expo; AMD 2001;249:30517. 8. Horr AM, Sa M. Full dynamic analysis of offshore platform using exact Timoshenko pipe element. J Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, ASME 2003;125(3):16875. 9. Maincon P, et al. An efcient nite element for the study of drag chains for a oating pipeline. Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Oslo. New York: ASME 2002;1116. 10. Martinez C, Goncalves R. Laying modeling of submarine pipelines using contact elements into a corotational formulation. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;432:8994. 11. Martinez CE, Goncalves R. Laying modeling of submarine pipelines using contact elements into a corotational formulation. J Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, ASME 2003;125(2):14552. 12. Thomas JC, Wielgosz C. Deections of highly inated fabric tubes. Thin-Wall Struct 2004;42(7):104966. 13. Xue M, Ding Y. Two kinds of tube elements for transient thermalstructural analysis of large space structures. Int J Num Meth Engng 2004;59(10):133553. 14. Zhao Q, et al. Numerical simulation of creep-induced buckling of thinwalled pipe liners. J Press Vess Tech, ASME 2001;123(3):37380.

A.10. Finite element software (SOF)

1. Baloch A, et al. Simulation of pressure- and tube-tooling wire-coating ows through distributed computation. Int J Num Meth Heat Fluid Flow 2002;12(4):45893. 2. Basha SM, et al. Assessment of ultimate load capacity for pre-stressed concrete containment vessel model of PWR design with BARC code ULCA. 10th Int Conf Nucl Engng, ICONE 2002;10:55161. 3. Basha SM, et al. Predictions of ultimate load capacity for pre-stressed concrete containment vessel model with BARC nite element code ULCA. Ann Nucl Energy 2003;30(4):43771. 4. Martin A, Bellet S. CFD-tool for thermal-hydraulics pressurised thermal shock analysis. Qualication of the nite element code N3S. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;431:14753.

J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 82 (2005) 571592 5. Osage DA. The development of a new pressure vessel code for ASME. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;419:2156. 6. Shioya R, et al. Large scale nite element analysis with a balancing domain decomposition method. Key Engng Mater 2003;243-244:216. 7. Weber J. PC Software for the lifetime assessment of pipe bends in the creep range. VGB Power Tech 2004;84(7):605. 8. Zeng X, et al. Mechanics of offshore pipelines in several operating states and analyzing software. Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Oslo. New York: ASME 2002;7380.

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A.11. Other topics (OTH)

1. Attia G, Bayoumi S. Effect of side excavation on the structural behavior of existing pipelines. J Engng Appl Sci 2002;49(3):47592. 2. Bai KJ, et al. Wave diffraction forces acting on a pipe in a sediment pocket. Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Rio de Janeiro. New York: ASME 2001;103542. 3. Basavaraju C, Fox RC. Relaxed hanger spans for non-critical piping. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2003;469:1533. 4. Bjornoy OH, Marley MJ. Assessment of corroded pipelines: past, present and future. 11th Int Offshore Polar Engng Conf, Stavanger 2001;93101. 5. Brachman RWI, Krushelnitzky RP. Stress concentrations around circular holes in perforated drainage pipes. Geosynth Int 2002;9(2): 189213. 6. Bransby MF, et al. Numerical and centrifuge modelling of the upheaval resistance of buried pipelines. Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Rio de Janeiro. New York: ASME 2001;26573. 7. Brocca M, Bazant ZP. Microplane nite element analysis of tubesquash test of concrete with shear angles up to 70 degree. Int J Num Meth Engng 2001;52(10):116588. 8. Bybee K, et al. Reeled pipe-in-pipe steel catenary riser. JPT, J Petrol Tech 2002;54(4):589. 9. Cantre S. Geotextile tubes-analytical design aspects. Geotext Geomembr 2002;20(5):30519. 10. Chapuis RP, Chenaf D. Effects of monitoring and pumping well pipe capacities during pumping tests in conned aquifers. Canad Geotech J 2003;40(6):1093103. 11. Ciaccia M, et al. Nonlinear 3D nite element formulation for the analysis of submarine pipelines during laying operations. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;451:5564. 12. Da Costa AM, et al. Soilstructure interaction of heated pipeline buried in soft clay. 4th Int Pipeline Conf, Calgary. New York: ASME 2002;45766. 13. Daly R, Bell M. Reeled pipe in pipe steel catenary riser. Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Rio de Janeiro. New York: ASME 2001;13947. 14. De Alcantara NP, et al. Investigations into the use of the nite element method and articial neural networks in the non-destructive analysis of metallic tubes. Int Joint Conf Neural Networks, Honolulu. IEEE 2002;14504. 15. Dhar AS. Limit states of proled thermoplastic pipes under deep burial. PhD Thesis, The Univ of Western Ontario, Canada 2002. 16. Dhar AS. The development of a simplied equation for deection of buried pipe. ASCE Int Conf Pipeline Engng Constr; Baltimore. New York: ASCE 2003;1096105. 17. Dhar AS, et al. Two-dimensional analyses of thermoplastic culvert deformations and strains. J Geotech Geoenvir Engng 2004;130(2): 199208. 18. Fukutomi H, et al. Remote eld eddy current technique applied to nonmagnetic steam generator tubes. NDT and E Int 2001;34(1):1723. 19. Gao FP, et al. Numerical study on the interaction between non-linear wave, buried pipeline and non-homogeneous porous seabed. Comp Geotechnics 2003;30(6):53547.

20. Giacomelli Y, Bell M. Reelability of steel bulkheads for pipe-in-pipe. Ann Offshore Conf, Houston. OTC 2002;283948. 21. Gokhale S, Argent M. Innovation in pipe material for microtunneling applications. Construct Mater Issues New York: ASCE 2001;2001: 12132. 22. Gupta A. Kumar Saigal R. Simple formulations to evaluate surface impacts on buried steel pipelines. Weld Res Counc Bull; No. 479 2003;131. 23. Hambric SA. Noise sources and transmission in piping systems. ASME Int Mech Engng Cong Expo, NCA. New York: ASME; 2002;29:7990. 24. Harte AM, et al. Evaluation of optimisation techniques in the design of composite pipelines. J Mater Process Technol 2001;118(1/3):47884. 25. Harte AM, et al. Application of optimisation methods to the design of high performance composite pipelines. J Mater Process Technol 2003; 142(1):5864. 26. Hiremath S, et al. Stiffness analysis of feed back spring and exure tube of jet pipe electrohydraulic servovalve using nite element method. ASME Joint US-Europ Fluid Engng Conf, FED 2002;257:13338. 27. Hu HT, et al. Nonlinear analysis of axially loaded concrete-lled tube columns with connement effect. J Struct Engng, ASCE 2003;129(10): 13229. 28. Hussain CI, Jacobs M. Using check valves as a subsea isolation system(SSIs) on subsea pipelines and risers. Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Rio de Janeiro. New York: ASME 2001;5764. 29. Ibrahim A, et al. Simulation of GRP pipes materials and installations parameters experimentally and using FEA. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;440:15360. 30. Ibrahim AA, Zaafarani N. Simulation of GRP underground pipes installation case study. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001;417: 2734. 31. Iimura S. Simplied mechanical model for evaluating stress in pipeline subject to settlement. Con Sbr Build Mater 2004;18(6): 46979. 32. Johansson M, Akesson M. Finite element study on concrete-lled steel tubes using a new connement sensitive concrete compression model. Nordic Concrete Res 2002;27:4362. 33. Kamaraj M, Hari Y. Finite element analysis of corrugated HDPE underground pipe culverts. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2001; 419:15563. 34. Khajehpour S, et al. Inclusion of local shell behavior of tubes into a two-dimensional beam approximation of deformation in nuclear fuel channels. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;441:4553. 35. Kim MK, et al. Pipe-soil interaction during transverse permanent ground deformation. 6th US Conf Woksh Lifeline Earthq Engng; Long Beach. New York 2003;96776. 36. Kuroiwa T, et al. Interaction between riser and tubing in CVAR system. Int Offshore Polar Engng Conf. ISOPE 2002;1406. 37. Li D, et al. Impact of deep excavations on adjacent buried pipelines. ASCE Int Conf Pipeline Engng Constr; Baltimore. New York: ASCE 2003;111625. 38. Liu JX. Design guide developed for buried pipelines crossing active faults. Oil Gas J 2004;102(26):5865. 39. Miyazaki Y, Uchiki M. Deployment dynamics of inatable tube. 43rd Str Str Dyn Mater Conf. Washington, DC: AIAA 2002;42433. 40. Moussou P, et al. Vortex-shedding of a multi-hole orice synchronized to an acoustic cavity in a PWR water piping system. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2003;465:1618. 41. Netto TA, et al. Sandwich pipes for ultra-deep waters. 4th Int Pipeline Conf, Calgary. New York: ASME 2002;2093101. 42. Noor MA, Dhar AS. Three-dimensional response of buried pipe under vehicle loads. ASCE Int Conf Pipeline Engng Constr; Baltimore. New York: ASCE 2003;65865. 43. ORourke M, et al. Centrifuge modeling of buried pipelines. Tech Counc Lifeline Earthq Engng Monogr; No. 25 2003;75768. 44. Rubio N, et al. Design of buried pipes considering the reciprocal soil structure interaction. ASCE Int Conf Pipeline Engng Constr; Baltimore. New York: ASCE 2003;127987.

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J. Mackerle / International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 82 (2005) 571592 68. Yazdchi M, Criseld MA. Buoyancy forces and the 2D nite element analysis of exible offshore pipes and risers. Int J Num Meth Engng 2002;54(1):6188. 69. Yin Y, Horoshenkov K. A combined solution to the sound propagation in the arbitrary-cross section pipe. 10th Int Cong Sound Vib. Stockholm 2003;350714. 70. Yoo C. Finite element analysis of tunnel face reinforced by longitudinal pipes. Comput Geotech 2002;29(1):7394. 71. Yoo C, Shin HK. Deformation behaviour of tunnel face reinforced with longitudinal pipes-laboratory and numerical investigation. Tunnell Underground Space Tech 2003;18(4):30319. 72. Yoon CH, et al. Behavior of deep sea mining pipe and its effect on internal ow. ISOPE Ocean Mining Symp. ISOPE 2003;7682. 73. Yoshizaki K. Large deformation behavior of buried pipelines with lowangle elbows subjected to permanent ground deformation. Struct Eng/Earthquake Engng 2001;18(1):4152. 74. Yoshizaki K, et al. Large scale experiments of buried steel pipelines with elbows subjected to permanent ground deformation. Struct Eng/Earthquake Engng 2003;20(1):111. 75. Yun HD, et al. Loading history effects for deepwater S-lay pipelines. Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Cancun. New York: ASME 2003;83341. 76. Yun HD, et al. Loading history effects for deep-water S-lay of pipelines. J Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, ASME 2004;126(2):15663. 77. Zarghamee MS. Hydrostatic pressure testing of prestressed concrete cylinder pipe with broken wires. ASCE Int Conf Pipeline Engng Constr, Baltimore. New York: ASCE 2003;294303. 78. Zarghamee MS, et al. Risk analysis of prestressed concrete cylinder pipe with broken wires. ASCE Int Conf Pipeline Engng Constr; Baltimore. New York: ASCE 2003;599609. 79. Zarghamee MS, et al. Thrust restraint design of concrete pressure pipe. J Struct Engng, ASCE 2004;130(1):95107. 80. Zhou J et al. Seismic response and vibration control for free spanning submarine pipelines. Int Offshore Polar Engng Conf, Stavanger, 2001:1804.

45. Rytter J, et al. A novel compression armour concept for unbonded exible pipes. Ann Offshore Tech Conf, Houston. OTC 2002;5737. 46. Sakamoto H, et al. Deection of multi-cellular inatable tubes for redundant space structures. 42nd Str Str Dyn Mater Conf, Seattle. Washington, DC: AIAA 2001;320411. 47. Schafer BW, McGrath TJ. Buried corrugated thermoplastic pipe: simulation and design. Transp Res Rec; No. 1849 2003;13543. 48. Sebastijanovic S, et al. A study of integrity changes in structures during exploitation. Int Joint Power Gener Conf. New York: ASME 2002; 2002:2838. 49. Shou KJ, Chang FW. Analysis of pipe-soil interaction for pipejacking. 9th Int Conf Civil Str Engng Comput. Edinburgh: Civil-Comp 2003;2978. 50. Slatter GL. Suggested bedding factors of controlled low-strength material for concrete pipe. ASCE Int Conf Pipeline Engng Constr; Baltimore. New York: ASCE 2003;108695. 51. Sorensen S. Analytic model for the evaluation of inclined piling in permafrost. Cold Reg Impacts Transport Infrastr; Anchorage. New York: ASCE; 2002:5061. 52. Sousa M et al. Use of composite materials to renovate a steel water pipe. Mater Sci Forum 2004; 45556: 8536. 53. Sriskandarajah T, Wilkins R. Assessment of anchor dragging on gas pipelines. Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Eng. ISOPE 2002;2431. 54. Sriskandarajah T et al. Design for cyclone effects on exposed subsea pipelines. Int Offshore Polar Engng Conf. ISOPE, 2002:1723. 55. Strutz JS, Ruth J. Perforated tubes in stiffening systems of multi-storey buildings. Beton-und Stahlbetonbau 2003;98(10):5717. 56. Suleiman MT. The structural performance of exible pipes. PhD Thesis, Iowa State Univ 2002. 57. Suleiman MT, et al. Analysis of deeply buried exible pipes. Transp Res Rec; No. 1849 2003;12434. 58. Sun L. Centrifuge modeling and nite element analysis of pipeline buried in liqueable soil. PhD Thesis, Columbia Univ 2001. 59. Takada S, et al. A new proposal for simplied design of buried steel pipes crossing active faults. Earthquake Engng Struct Dyn 2001;30(8): 124357. 60. Takada S et al. Seismic design of buried pipelines for liquefactioninduced large ground displacement. Adv Earthquake Eng. Southampton: Comput Mech Publ, 2001. p. 619-28. 61. Thomas JC, Wielgosz C. Deections of highly inated fabric tubes. Thin-Wall Struct 2004;42(7):104966. 62. Varma AH. Seismic behavior, analysis, and design of high strength square concrete lled steel tube(CFT) columns. PhD Thesis, Lehigh Univ 2001. 63. Varma AH, et al. Seismic behavior and modeling of high-strength composite concrete-lled steel tube(CFT) beam-columns. J Con Sbr Steel Res 2002;58(5/8):72558. 64. Vasic D et al. Measurement of ferromagnetic tube wall thickness using pulsed remote eld technique. 12th IMEK0 TC4 Int Symp. Zagreb, 2002, p. 46872. 65. Villarraga JA, et al. Buried pipe modeling with initial imperfections: J Press Vess Tech, ASME 2004;126(2):2507. 66. Walsh MP. Pro-active tness for service of 19 meter diameter NGL surge sphere. ASME Press Vess Piping Conf, PVP 2002;442: 1522. 67. Wang JT, Johnson AR. Deployment simulation of ultra-lightweight inatable structures. 43rd Str Str Dyn Mater Conf. Washington, DC: AIAA 2002;484501.

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