PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT RPC USING JAVA

Program : AddClient.java import java.rmi.*; public class AddClient { public static void main(String args[]) { try { String addServerURL="rmi://" + args[0] + "/AddServer"; AddServerIntf addServerIntf=(AddServerIntf)Naming.lookup(addServerURL); System.out.println("The First number is "+args[1]); double d1= Double.valueOf(args[1]).doubleValue(); System.out.println("The Secondnumber is "+args[2]); double d2= Double.valueOf(args[2]).doubleValue(); System.out.println("The Sum is :"+ addServerIntf.add(d1,d2)); } catch(Exception e) { System.out.println(Exception "+e); }}} Program: AddServer.java import java.net.*; import java.rmi.*; public class AddServer { public static void main(String args[]) { try { AddServerImpl addServerImpl =new AddServerImpl(); Naming.rebind("AddServer", addServerImpl); } catch(Exception e) { System.out.println("Exception:",e); }}}

Program: AddServerImpl.java import java.rmi.*; import java.rmi.server.*; public class AddServerImpl extends UnicastRemoteObject implements AddServerIntf { public AddServerImpl() throws RemoteException { } public double add(double d1, double d2) throws RemoteException { return d1+d2; } } Program: AddServerintf.java import java.rmi.*; public interface AddServerIntf extends Remote { double add(double d1, double e2) throws RemoteException; }

Output: Client Side C:\jdk1.5.0_05\bin> javac AddClient.java Server Side C:\jdk1.5.0_05\bin> javac AddServer.java C:\jdk1.5.0_05\bin> javac AddServerInf.java C:\jdk1.5.0_05\bin> javac AddServerImpl.java

Server Side C:\jdk1.5.0_05\bin>start rmiregistry C:\jdk1.5.0_05\bin>rmic AddServerImpl C:\jdk1.5.0_05\bin>java AddServer Client Side C:\jdk1.5.0_05\bin>java AddClient 127.0.0.1 5 The First number is 5 The Second number is 5 The Sum is : 10 5

IMPLEMENTATION OF UNICAST ROUTING PROTOCOL PROGRAM: set ns [new Simulator] #Define different colors for data flows (for NAM) $ns color 1 Blue $ns color 2 Red #Open the Trace file set file1 [open unicast.tr w] $ns trace-all $file1 #Open the NAM trace file set file2 [open unicast.nam w] $ns namtrace-all $file2 #Define a 'finish' procedure proc finish {} { global ns file1 file2 $ns flush-trace close $file1 close $file2 exec nam unicast.nam & exit 0 } # Next line should be commented out to have the static routing $ns rtproto DV #Create six nodes set n0 [$ns node] set n1 [$ns node] set n2 [$ns node] set n3 [$ns node] set n4 [$ns node] set n5 [$ns node] #Create links between the nodes $ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 0.3Mb 10ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 0.3Mb 10ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $n2 $n3 0.3Mb 10ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $n1 $n4 0.3Mb 10ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $n3 $n5 0.5Mb 10ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $n4 $n5 0.5Mb 10ms DropTail

#Setup a TCP connection set tcp [new Agent/TCP/Newreno] $ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp set sink [new Agent/TCPSink/DelAck] $ns attach-agent $n5 $sink $ns connect $tcp $sink $tcp set fid_ 1 #Setup a FTP over TCP connection set ftp [new Application/FTP] $ftp attach-agent $tcp $ftp set type_ FTP $ns rtmodel-at 1.0 down $n1 $n4 $ns rtmodel-at 4.5 up $n1 $n4 $ns at 0.1 "$ftp start" $ns at 6.0 "finish" $ns run

OUTPUT staff@staff-desktop:$ ns ex1.tcl Screen Shot

STUDY OF UDP PERFORMANCE PROGRAM set ns [new Simulator] $ns color 0 blue $ns color 1 red $ns color 2 white set n0 [$ns node] set n1 [$ns node] set n2 [$ns node] set n3 [$ns node] set f [open out.tr w] $ns trace-all $f set nf [open out3.nam w] $ns namtrace-all $nf $ns duplex-link $n0 $n2 5Mb 2ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 5Mb 2ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $n2 $n3 1.5Mb 10ms DropTail $ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n2 orient right-up $ns duplex-link-op $n1 $n2 orient right-down $ns duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 orient right $ns duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 queuePos 0.5 set udp0 [new Agent/UDP] $ns attach-agent $n0 $udp0 set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR] $cbr0 attach-agent $udp0 set udp1 [new Agent/UDP] $ns attach-agent $n3 $udp1 $udp1 set class_ 0 set cbr1 [new Application/Traffic/CBR] $cbr1 attach-agent $udp1 set null0 [new Agent/Null] $ns attach-agent $n1 $null0 set null1 [new Agent/Null] $ns attach-agent $n1 $null1 $ns connect $udp0 $null0 $ns connect $udp1 $null1 $ns at 1.0 "$cbr0 start" $ns at 1.1 "$cbr1 start"

puts [$cbr0 set packetSize_] puts [$cbr0 set interval_] $ns at 3.0 "finish" proc finish {} { global ns f nf $ns flush-trace close $f close $nf puts "running nam..." exec nam out2.nam & exit 0 } $ns run

OUTPUT: staff@staff-desktop:$ ns ex2.tcl 210 0.0037499999999999999 running nam

STUDY OF TCP PERFORMANCE

PROGRAM: set ns [new Simulator] $ns color 0 blue $ns color 1 red $ns color 2 white set n0 [$ns node] set n1 [$ns node] set n2 [$ns node] set n3 [$ns node] set f [open out.tr w] $ns trace-all $f set nf [open out.nam w] $ns namtrace-all $nf $ns duplex-link $n0 $n2 5Mb 2ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 5Mb 2ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $n2 $n3 1.5Mb 10ms DropTail $ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n2 orient right-up $ns duplex-link-op $n1 $n2 orient right-down $ns duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 orient right $ns duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 queuePos 0.5 set tcp [new Agent/TCP] $tcp set class_ 1 set sink [new Agent/TCPSink] $ns attach-agent $n1 $tcp $ns attach-agent $n3 $sink $ns connect $tcp $sink set ftp [new Application/FTP] $ftp attach-agent $tcp $ns at 1.2 "$ftp start" $ns at 1.35 "$ns detach-agent $n1 $tcp ; $ns detach-agent $n3 $sink" $ns at 3.0 "finish" proc finish {} { global ns f nf $ns flush-trace close $f close $nf

puts "running nam..." exec nam out.nam & exit 0 }

OUTPUT: staff@staff-desktop:$ ns ex3.tcl Screen Shot

IMPLEMENTATION OF RAW SOCKET PROGRAM USING UDP PROGRAM: #include <unistd.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/ip.h> #include <netinet/udp.h> #define PCKT_LEN 8192 // The IP header's structure struct ipheader { unsigned char iph_ihl:5, iph_ver:4; unsigned char iph_tos; unsigned short int iph_len; unsigned short int iph_ident; unsigned char iph_flag; unsigned short int iph_offset; unsigned char iph_ttl; unsigned char iph_protocol; unsigned short int iph_chksum; unsigned int iph_sourceip; unsigned int iph_destip; }; // UDP header's structure struct udpheader { unsigned short int udph_srcport; unsigned short int udph_destport; unsigned short int udph_len; unsigned short int udph_chksum; }; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int sd; char buffer[PCKT_LEN]; // Our own headers' structures struct ipheader *ip = (struct ipheader *) buffer;

struct udpheader *udp = (struct udpheader *) (buffer + sizeof(struct ipheader)); struct sockaddr_in sin, din; int one = 1; const int *val = &one; memset(buffer, 0, PCKT_LEN); if(argc != 5) { printf("- Invalid parameters!!!\n"); printf("- Usage %s <source hostname/IP> <source port> <target hostname/IP> <target port>\n", argv[0]); exit(-1); } // Create a raw socket with UDP protocol sd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_UDP); if(sd < 0) { perror("socket() error\n"); exit(-1); } else printf("socket() - Using SOCK_RAW socket and UDP protocol is OK.\n"); sin.sin_family = AF_INET; din.sin_family = AF_INET; sin.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2])); din.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[4])); sin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]); din.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[3]); ip->iph_ihl = 5; ip->iph_ver = 4; ip->iph_tos = 16; // Low delay ip->iph_len = sizeof(struct ipheader) + sizeof(struct udpheader); ip->iph_ident = htons(54321); ip->iph_ttl = 64; // hops ip->iph_protocol = 17; // UDP // Source IP address, can use spoofed address here!!! ip->iph_sourceip = inet_addr(argv[1]); // The destination IP address ip->iph_destip = inet_addr(argv[3]);

// Fabricate the UDP header. Source port number, redundant udp->udph_srcport = htons(atoi(argv[2])); udp->udph_destport = htons(atoi(argv[4])); udp->udph_len = htons(sizeof(struct udpheader)); // Calculate the checksum for integrity ip->iph_chksum =rand(); // Inform the kernel do not fill up the packet structure. we will build our own... /* if(setsockopt(sd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, val, sizeof(one)) < 0) { perror("setsockopt() error"); exit(-1); } else printf("setsockopt() is OK.\n"); // Send loop, send for every 2 second for 100 count printf("Trying...\n"); printf("Using raw socket and UDP protocol\n"); printf("Using Source IP: %s port: %u, Target IP: %s port: %u.\n", argv[1], atoi(argv[2]), argv[3], atoi(argv[4])); int count; if(sendto(sd, buffer, ip->iph_len, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0) { perror("sendto() error\n"); exit(-1); } else { printf("Sendto() is OK\n"); sleep(1); } close(sd); return 0; }

OUTPUT [root@testraw]# gcc rawudp.c -o rawudp [root@testraw]# ./rawudp - Invalid parameters!!! - Usage ./rawudp <source hostname/IP> <source port> <target hostname/IP> <target port> [root@testraw]# ./rawudp 192.168.10.10 21 203.106.93.91 8080 socket() - Using SOCK_RAW socket and UDP protocol is OK. setsockopt() is OK. Trying... Using raw socket and UDP protocol Using Source IP: 192.168.10.10 port: 21, Target IP: 203.106.93.91 port: 8080. Count #1 - sendto() is OK. Count #2 - sendto() is OK. Count #3 - sendto() is OK. Count #4 - sendto() is OK. Count #5 - sendto() is OK. Count #6 - sendto() is OK. Count #7 - sendto() is OK.

IMPLEMENTATION OF RAW SOCKET PROGRAM USING TCP PROGRAM: #include <unistd.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/ip.h> #include <netinet/tcp.h> #define PCKT_LEN 8192 struct ipheader { unsigned char iph_ihl:5, /* Little-endian */ iph_ver:4; unsigned char iph_tos; unsigned short int iph_len; unsigned short int iph_ident; unsigned char iph_flags; unsigned short int iph_offset; unsigned char iph_ttl; unsigned char iph_protocol; unsigned short int iph_chksum; unsigned int iph_sourceip; unsigned int iph_destip; }; struct tcpheader { unsigned short int tcph_srcport; unsigned short int tcph_destport; unsigned int tcph_seqnum; unsigned int tcph_acknum; unsigned char tcph_reserved:4, tcph_offset:4; unsigned int tcp_res1:4, tcph_hlen:4, tcph_fin:1, tcph_syn:1, tcph_rst:1,

tcph_psh:1, tcph_ack:1, tcph_urg:1, tcph_res2:2; unsigned short int tcph_win; unsigned short int tcph_chksum; unsigned short int tcph_urgptr; }; unsigned short csum(unsigned short *buf, int len) { unsigned long sum; for(sum=0; len>0; len--) sum += *buf++; sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum &0xffff); sum += (sum >> 16); return (unsigned short)(~sum); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int sd; char buffer[PCKT_LEN]; struct ipheader *ip = (struct ipheader *) buffer; struct tcpheader *tcp = (struct tcpheader *) (buffer + sizeof(struct ipheader)); struct sockaddr_in sin, din; int one = 1; const int *val = &one; memset(buffer, 0, PCKT_LEN); if(argc != 5) { printf("- Invalid parameters!!!\n"); printf("- Usage: %s <source hostname/IP> <source port> <target hostname/IP> <target port>\n", argv[0]); exit(-1); } sd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_TCP);

if(sd < 0) { perror("socket() error"); exit(-1); } else printf("socket()-SOCK_RAW and tcp protocol is OK.\n"); sin.sin_family = AF_INET; din.sin_family = AF_INET; sin.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2])); din.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[4])); sin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]); din.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[3]); ip->iph_ihl = 5; ip->iph_ver = 4; ip->iph_tos = 16; ip->iph_len = sizeof(struct ipheader) + sizeof(struct tcpheader); ip->iph_ident = htons(54321); ip->iph_offset = 0; ip->iph_ttl = 64; ip->iph_protocol = 6; // TCP ip->iph_chksum = 0; // Done by kernel ip->iph_sourceip = inet_addr(argv[1]); ip->iph_destip = inet_addr(argv[3]); tcp->tcph_srcport = htons(atoi(argv[2])); tcp->tcph_destport = htons(atoi(argv[4])); tcp->tcph_seqnum = htonl(1); tcp->tcph_acknum = 0; tcp->tcph_offset = 5; tcp->tcph_syn = 1; tcp->tcph_ack = 0; tcp->tcph_win = htons(32767); tcp->tcph_chksum = 0; // Done by kernel tcp->tcph_urgptr = 0; ip->iph_chksum = csum((unsigned short *) buffer, (sizeof(struct ipheader) + sizeof(struct tcpheader))); if(setsockopt(sd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, val, sizeof(one)) < 0) { perror("setsockopt() error");

exit(-1); } else printf("setsockopt() is OK\n"); printf("Using:::::Source IP: %s port: %u, Target IP: %s port: %u.\n", argv[1], atoi(argv[2]), argv[3], atoi(argv[4])); // sendto() loop, send every 2 second for 50 counts unsigned int count; for(count = 0; count < 20; count++) { if(sendto(sd, buffer, ip->iph_len, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0) { perror("sendto() error"); exit(-1); } else printf("Count #%u - sendto() is OK\n", count); sleep(2); } close(sd); return 0; }

OUTPUT [root@testraw]# gcc rawtcp.c -o rawtcp [root@testraw]# ./rawtcp - Invalid parameters!!! - Usage: ./rawtcp <source hostname/IP> <source port> <target hostname/IP> <target port> [root@testraw]# ./rawtcp 10.10.10.100 23 203.106.93.88 8008 socket()-SOCK_RAW and tcp protocol is OK. setsockopt() is OK Using:::::Source IP: 10.10.10.100 port: 23, Target IP: 203.106.93.88 port: 8008. Count #0 - sendto() is OK Count #1 - sendto() is OK Count #2 - sendto() is OK Count #3 - sendto() is OK Count #4 - sendto() is OK