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Hng dn s dng MS SQL Server

Ti liu ny hng dn cch s dng phn mm MS SQL Server 2000 Personal Edition chy trn nn WinXP. V b hn ch quyn s dng trn my ch, nn mt s chc nng khng thc hin c ti cc phng my thc tp ca Khoa, v d nh to mi CSDL (create Database), sao lu d phng (backup), khi phc CSDL (restore) Do , sinh vin s thc hnh cc chc nng ny nh.

1. Gii thiu
MS SQL Server l mt h qun tr CSDL nhiu ngi dng, c kin trc nh hnh 1 bn di, ti my ch ci t phn mm SQL Server, ti my trm ci t kt ni v cc giao din thao tc ln my ch.

My trm 1

CSDL

My trm 2

My ch Phn mm SQL Server My trm n Phn mm SQL Client

Hnh 1 Kin trc MS SQL Server. C 2 giao din thng c s dng nhiu nht (xem hnh 2) SQL Server Enterprise Manager (dng qun l chung) SQL Query Analyzer (dng vit code) Sinh vin s dng Query Analyzer thng xuyn trong lp vit v bin dch cu truy vn.

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Hnh 2 Enterprise Manager v Query Analyzer.

2. Thit lp kt ni
s dng cc CSDL trong SQL Server, trc tin chng ta cn phi to kt ni (connection) n CSDL. Nu thc hnh nh: my tnh ca chng ta chnh l Server, do ta s dng kt ni mc nh (kt ni bng quyn ca Windows) vo CSDL. Chng ta cng c th s dng quyn qun tr (sa system administrator) do SQL Server cung cp sn kt ni vo Server. Nu thc hnh trng: my tnh ti cc phng my l Client, do chng ta phi to kt ni n Server (thng l kt ni bng quyn do SQL Server cung cp).

3. To CSDL
Chc nng to mi mt CSDL yu cu ngi dng phi l ngi qun tr h thng, do khng th thc hin chc nng ny cc phng my ca Khoa CNTT. Sinh vin quan st cch to CSDL qua nhng hnh nh di y: Enterprise Manager Query Analyzer

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Nhp tri chut vo Database, chn New Database

G vo lnh to Database. c th to database vi mt s chn la khc c th xem trong Books Online (t kho create database).

t tn cho CSDL v nhn nt OK. Sau khi to xong ta c 2 tp tin .mdf (tp tin cha cu trc v d liu ca CSDL) v .ldf (tp tin cha nht k T en lnh to database v nhn F5 thc thi. ca CSDL).

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Th mc Database xut hin CSDL va to CSDL QLDA. Chng trnh xut hin thng bo to database thnh cng. Ta chn CSDL lm vic l QLDA v nhn F8 xem chi tit cc i tng trong CSDL QLDA. Quan st Enterprise Manager ta thy CSDL c cc i tng sau: Diagrams l lc CSDL hay th CSDL, dng to kha ngoi Tables cha cc bng Views cha cc khung nhn Stored Procedures cha cc th tc lu tr ni Users cha cc nh ngha ngi dng trong CSDL Roles l cc vai tr i din ca mt nhm ngi s dng no Rules cha cc qui nh ca CSDL Defaults cha cc gi tr mc nh ca CSDL User Defined Data Types l cc kiu d liu do ngi dng nh ngha User Defined Functions l cc hm do ngi dng nh ngha Tng ng nh vy bn Query Analyzer cng c 1 vi i tng nh trn.

4. To / Xa bng
Sinh vin quan st cch to bng qua hnh nh di y: Enterprise Manager Query Analyzer

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Chn CSDL mun to bng, nhp chut phi ti G vo lnh to Table. Sinh vin tham kho thm trong Tables, chn New Table. Books Online (t kho create table).

Mi dng l 1 thuc tnh. ch nh 1 thuc tnh l kha chnh ta t en dng v nhp T en lnh to table v nhn F5 thc thi. Chng trnh xut thng bo to bng thnh cng. chut vo biu tng kha trn tool bar.

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Khi lu, chng trnh yu cu ngi dng t tn cho bng.

V bng c to bc trc nn khi mun thm rng buc kha chnh cho bng ta phi dng lnh sa bng. Sinh vin tham kho thm trong Books Online (t kho alter table). Sau t en v nhn F5 bin dch. Sinh vin quan st cch xa bng qua hnh nh di y: Enterprise Manager Query Analyzer

G vo lnh xa bng v tn bng mun xa. Sinh vin tham kho thm trong Books Online (t kho Chn CSDL mun xa bng, chn tip Tables, sau drop table). nhp chut phi vo bng mun xa v chn Delete.

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Mn hnh xc nhn vic xa bng xut hin. Nhn chut vo nt Drop All. T en lnh xa bng v nhn F5 thc thi. Chng trnh xut thng bo xa bng thnh cng.

5. To rng buc kha ngoi

Sinh vin quan st cch to kha ngoi qua hnh nh di y: Enterprise Manager Query Analyzer

V bng c to bc trc nn khi mun Chn Diagram, nhp chut phi v chn New thm rng buc kha ngoi cho bng ta phi dng lnh sa bng. Sinh vin tham kho thm trong Database Diagram. Books Online (t kho alter table).

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Mn hnh cho mng, ta nhn nt Next tip tc. T en v nhn F5 thc thi. Chng trnh xut thng bo lnh thc hin thnh cng.

Chn cc bng c tham chiu n nhau to kha ngoi bng cch nhn nt Add. Sau nhn Next v Finish.

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Ta dng chut chn thuc tnh l kha ngoi, gi nguyn chut v ko th vo kha chnh. Nguyn tc to rng buc kha ngoi l i t kha ngoi sang kha chnh.

t tn cho rng buc kha ngoi. Kim tra li tn cc thuc tnh kha chnh v kha ngoi. Nhn OK.

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Lc CSDL hon tt. Sau lu li Diagram.

6. Thao tc ln d liu
Thao tc ln d liu gm 3 loi: thm, xa v sa. Sinh vin quan st cch thm d liu vo bng qua hnh nh di y: Enterprise Manager Query Analyzer

S dng lnh insert thm 1 dng d liu vo Nhp chut tri vo bng cn thm d liu, chn bng. Sinh vin tham kho thm trong Books Open Table, chn tip Return all rows. Online (t kho insert into).

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Nhp cc gi tr vo cc ct tng ng.

T en lnh thm d liu v nhn F5 thc thi. Chng trnh xut thng bo 1 dng c thm vo. Sinh vin quan st cch xa d liu vo bng qua hnh nh di y: Enterprise Manager Query Analyzer

S dng lnh delete xa 1 hoc nhiu dng d Nhp chut tri vo bng cn xa d liu, chn Open liu ra khi bng. Sinh vin tham kho thm trong Table, chn tip Return all rows. Books Online (t kho delete).

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T en lnh thm d liu v nhn F5 thc thi. Chng trnh xut thng bo 1 hoc nhiu dng c xa khi bng. Chn tri chut dng mun xa v nhn Delete. Khi mun xa nhiu dng ta dng t hp phm Shift + mi tn xung chn nhiu dng lin tip nhau. Sinh vin quan st cch xa d liu vo bng qua hnh nh di y: Enterprise Manager Ring phn cp nht d liu trong Enterprise Manager th chng ta open bng dng return all rows v sa trc tip trn bng. Query Analyzer

S dng lnh update sa 1 hoc nhiu dng d liu trong bng. Sinh vin tham kho thm trong Books Online (t kho update). T en lnh thm d liu v nhn F5 thc thi. Chng trnh xut thng bo 1 hoc nhiu dng c sa ca bng.

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7. Cc chc nng khc

7.1 Xut / Nhp CSDL
Nu s dng Enterprise Manager to CSDL v nhp liu ti my Client, chng ta thng khng chp c tp tin .mdf v .ldf v li my Client (v khng c quyn truy xut ln Server). Do ta phi xut cu trc v d liu ca CSDL vo mt ni khc, c th l xut ra tp tin vn bn, hoc tp tin .mdb ca Access. Nu s dng Query Analyzer th chng ta lu tr c va cu trc, va d liu trong tp tin .sql. Sau y l cc bc xut d liu ca CSDL ra tp tin .mdb trong Enterprise Manager: Ch : cn to mt tp tin mdb rng trc . Nhp tri chut vo CSDL mun xut thng tin, chn All Tasks, chn tip Export Data.

Mn hnh gii thiu chc nng xut/nhp d liu. Nhn nt Next.

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C s d liu Chn d liu ngun:

Hng dn thc hnh tun 1 Ta chn ngun l cu ni OLEDB dnh cho SQL Server, trong cn ch nh Server xut d liu, ngi dng c quyn truy xut v CSDL mun xut. Sau khi chn xong cc thng s ta nhn nt Next.

Chn d liu ch: Ta chuyn d liu t SQL Server sang dng .mdb nn ch n s l Microsoft Access. Chn CSDL rng cn a d liu vo. Nhn nt Next.

C 2 cch chuyn d liu Chuyn nguyn si cc bng Chuyn d liu bng cc cu truy vn

y n gin ta chn chp nguyn bng. Chn xong, ta nhn Next.

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Hng dn thc hnh tun 1 La chn cc bng mun xut d liu ra ngoi. Chn xong ta nhn next.

C th chn thc thi vic xut d liu ngay tc th hay thc hin theo mt lch no . Ta chn thc hin ngay v nhn nt Next.

Tip tc nhn Finish.

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Hng dn thc hnh tun 1 Chng trnh bt u xut d liu v thng bo thnh cng. Chng ta c th m tp tin .mdb quan st kt qu. Tuy nhin, cc bng trong tp tin .mdb s khng c cc rng buc kha. Nh vy vic xut thng tin ra ngoi khng km theo vic xut cc rng buc ton vn.

Qu trnh nhp thng tin t bn ngoi vo trong SQL Server l ngc li vi qu trnh xut. Sinh vin t tm hiu v thc hnh phn nhp thng tin ny. Tip sau y l cc bc xut cu trc ca CSDL ra tp tin .sql trong Enterprise Manager: Xut cu trc CSDL ra bn ngoi c gi l to tp tin kch bn (script) Nhp tri chut vo CSDL cn xut cu trc, chn All tasks v Generate SQL Script.

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Hng dn thc hnh tun 1 Nhn nt Show All chn cc i tng cn to script. Chn cc bng mun to script.

tab Options, ta chn thm chc nng to script nhng rng buc kha chnh v kha ngoi. Chn xong ta nhn nt OK.

Chn ng dn lu tp tin .sql i chng trnh to script v thng bo kt thc. Sinh vin m tp tin script ra xem.

7.2 Sao lu (Backup)

Thao tc Backup Database gip ta lu li ton b cu trc v d liu hin ca CSDL. Di y l cc bc to tp tin sao lu d phng:

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Hng dn thc hnh tun 1 Nhp tri chut vo CSDL cn sao lu, chn All tasks, chn tip Backup Database.

Ta chn sao lu ton b database. Phn Destination ta nhn nt Add thm ng dn n tp tin sao lu.

Chn ng dn to tp tin backup, ta nhn vo nt 3 chm ()

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Hng dn thc hnh tun 1 t tn tp tin v nhn nt OK

Tip tc nhn nt OK

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Hng dn thc hnh tun 1 Nhn tip tc nt OK v thng bo thnh cng xut hin. thm d liu vo ta chn Append to media ti khung Overwrite, ngc li chn Overwrite Existing media ghi ln d liu c sn. Checkbox Schedule nh thi gian thc hin thao tc sao lu t ng v thit lp ngy sao lu ta nhn vo nt 3 chm () Ch : tp tin sao lu va to khng c ui m rng.

7.3 Phc hi (Restore)

Vi tp tin sao lu c to phn trn, khi chng ta mun phc hi li ton b cu trc v d liu th s dng chc nng Restore Database. Di y l cc bc phc hi d liu t tp tin sao lu: Nhp tri chut vo CSDL cn phc hi, chn All tasks, chn tip Restore Database. Nu cha c CSDL ta c th vo Tools v chn Restore Database.

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Hng dn thc hnh tun 1 Ta t tn cho CSDL cn phc hi. V bc sao lu ta to tp tin nn phc hi ta chn radio button From device. Tip theo chn nt Select Devices dn ti th mc lu tr tp tin sao lu.

Thm Device bng cch nhn vo nt Add.

Chn ng dn ca tp tin Device.

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Hng dn thc hnh tun 1 Chn tp tin sao lu cn khi phc v nhn nt OK. Tip tc nhn 2 nt OK lin tip.

Ta chn tab Options chn Force restore over existing database yu cu chp ln CSDL nu n c sn.

i qu trnh khi phc d liu din ra. Sau khi khi phc xong, h thng thng bo thnh cng.

7.4 Gn CSDL
Trong trng hp c sn tp tin .mdf v .ldf , chng ta c th gn kt vo trong SQL Server v to thnh mt CSDL hon chnh. y cng l mt trong nhng cch to CSDL t tp tin cu trc v d liu. 22

C s d liu Di y l cc bc gn CSDL vo SQL Server:

Hng dn thc hnh tun 1 Nhp tri chut vo th mc database, chn All tasks, chn tip Attach Database. Ch l trong th mc Database khng c c CSDL cn gn tn ti trc.

Nhn nt 3 chm chn ng dn cha tp tin .mdf

Chn tp tin .mdf v nhn nt OK

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Hng dn thc hnh tun 1 Sau khi load c tp tin .mdf ta t tn database cn gn. Nu mc nh th trong tp tin mdf lu tn g ta s gn tn CSDL nh vy. Sau nhn nt OK.

Thng bo CSDL c gn xong.

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