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Zygotetoorganism.

h4p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0xvJNNuR6M h4p://www.wormclassroom.org/les/worm/EmbryoHatch.swf

Groups:
Group1Hildebran,Caban,Lasnicki,Thomas,&Hampson Group2Reschley,Williams,Jackson,Cambell,&Brown Group3Bryant,Wi4,Moseley,Hoverman,&Brosseau Group4Manning,McIntosh,Kaye,Washington,&Casbolt Group5Tyson,Franks,Clark,Walker,&Vang Group6Sanderlin,Greene,White,Novitzky,&Young Group7Shirley,Hertzler,Joyce,JohnsonYoung,&Gould Group8Koziel,Duluc,Biscardi,Stevens,&Bounajim

Zygotetoorganism.
Whatdocellsofanorganismneedtobeable todotodevelopfromonecelltoYOU?
Cellprocesses? Structures?

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Outlineoftodayslecture:
Cellularprocesses Proliferahon Death Movementanddirectedexpansion Dierenhahon Signaling Developmentaltopics Axes Asymmetries/Gradients/Morphogenslevelsma4er Conservahonofmolecularplayers Levelsoforganizahonandcellularinterachons Germlayers Organogenesis Changesindevelopmentleadtoevoluhonandadaptahontoenvironment.

Cellulardevelopmentalprocesses
MoleculesandProcesses?

Cellproliferahonisgenehcally controlled.
Growth Reproduchon Repair Cancer
h4p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m73i1Zk8EA0

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Celldeathisgenehcallycontrolled
ProgrammedCellDeath/Apoptosis
Genehcallycontrolled Cellssendorganellestolysosome,cutuptheir DNA,roundup,andareengulfedbyothercells.

Cellmovementanddirectedgrowthis gene3callycontrolled
Gastrula3onmakinggermlayers Migra3onofgermcells,inyou. Migra3onofneuralcrestcells,inyou. Migra3onofneurongrowthcones,inyou. Movementofmacrophages,inyou.

Growthoflimbs,inyou. Growthofplantstowardslight.
h4p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j87y7EAj8qE h4p://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=1MnwHRURKns&NR=1

Cell dierenhahon isgenehcally controlled

Potency(StemCells andMeristem) Dierentroles meansdierenhal expressionofgenes.

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AllcellshavethesameDNA:Plant cloning

Allcellshavethe sameDNA: Animalcloning

Cellinterachons(Signaling)is genehcallycontrolled.
Signalingatadistance(solublesignals) Signalingbetweenadjacentcells(transmembraneligands)
Proteinligands Hydrophilicsignals(epinephrine)

Enzymesignaling

Secondmessengersignaling
Enzymesignaling

ReceptorTyrosineKinasesfromBIOL1100 Epinephrine&cAMPfromBIOL1100

Lipidsolublesignals(estrogen,testosterone)

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DirectEnzymesignaling ReceptorTyrosineKinases

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Secondmessengersignaling

Fig. 8.16

Fig. 8.16

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Fig. 47.17

Lipidsoluble signalsand receptors

SOMEMajortopicsindevelopment.
DierenhalGeneExpression AxesFormahon GermLayers Organogenesis

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DierenhalGeneExpression
Chromahnremodeling Chromahnmodicahon Transcriphonregulahon AlternahvesplicingofmRNAs DegradahonofmRNAs TranslahonalregulahonofRNAs AchvahonanddeachvahonofProteins

Thinkaboutlevelsoforganizahon:
Body Germlayers Organs Tissues Cells Molecules Genes

Axisformahon: Howacellknows whereitis.

Howmany? Whichissetup rst? Doesitma4er? Howisitdone? Thehidden axis????????

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Axisformahon: Howacellknows WHENANDWHERE itis.

Howmany? Whichissetup rst? Doesitma4er? Howisitdone? Thehiddenaxis: TIME

Axisformahon: HowacellknowsWHENANDWHERE itis.

Axesopenstartwithamolecularasymmetry ofamasterregulator: Examples:AnimalsExamples:Plants (Drosophilabicoid) (PlantsAuxin)

Axisformahon.

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Germlayers

Organogenesis
Internalorgans Limbs Integumentary organs
Hair Teeth Nails Scales Feathers

EvoDevo

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Changesindevelopmentresultin evoluhonoforganisms.

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