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u|eaf wmfwdk@awG@ }uHKcHpm;cJh&wmudk a&;om; xm;jcif;jzpfI jynfph rHk nf[rk cH,yl g? tm;enf;csurf sm;&Srd nfqo
kd nfuv
dk nf;
&d;k &d;k om;om; 0efcaH =umif; ajymcsiyf gw,f?
tm;rav#meh J@? qufomvky?f igwdk@tjrJtm;ay;aer,fqdo
k nfh toHrsm;onf tusO;f axmifrsm;wGif usaemf=um;cJ&h pOf
jrefrmjynf 'Dru
dk a&pDa&;twGuf tm;tifrsm; tppftrSejf zpfcaJh =umif; xyfraH jymcsiyf gao;w,f? Edik if aH &;tusO;f orm;rsm; tjrJvkd
awmifw
h onfrmS olwdk@uadk xmufct
H m;ay;onfh vlx.
k oabmxm;/ vlx.
k toHrsm;yif jzpfygw,f//
rmwdum
ta=umif;t&m
pmrsuEf mS
aus;Zl;wifvm$ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5)
q&mh&Jh Oa,smZOf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (7)
pma&;olajymcsiw
f pJh um; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (13)
tcef;(1)
(u) ausmif;om;xk nDvmcH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (15)
(c) tuo wdk@&Jh qdik ;f bkwjf zKwfyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (16)
(*)wdr;f a&Smif+yD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (17)
(C)rzrf;rcH&cif wpf&uftvdk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (19)
3

tcef;(2)
(u) oajyrSm tzrf;cH&+yD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(22)
(c) ppfa=uma&;udk jzwfoef;pOf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (24)
(*) eH&aH wGay:u auG;a=umfoaH wG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (29)
(C) tdro
f mxJu aomufa& . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (32)
(i)a,mufzudk =uufOwdu
k jf cif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(34)
(p) tr_waGJ wGeJ@ twltcsKyfodk@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (39)
tcef;(3)
(u) tcsKyfaxmifrmS vlp+Hk yD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (42)
(c) pwD;0yfrmS &H;k xkww
f aJh e@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (44)
(*) 5(n)awGudk cd;k r_y'k rf wyfawmh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (47)
(C) jcifaxmifawG/ arG@,mawG&wJah xmif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(49)
(i)b0oHo&meJ@ 5(n)awGb0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(50)
(p) &ref,+l yD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(52)
(q) ppfc&Hk ;Hk rSm wdik ;f jynfucdk spfwo
Jh al wG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(53)
tcef;(4)
(u) tyfxnftvkycf &H jcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(55)
(c) us;D uef;rsKd ;awG&Jh awmif,mavbm tefwyk GJ . . . . . . . . . . . . .(57)
(*) ppfacG;wdu
k u
f i&Jcef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (59)
(C) ppfacG;wdu
k rf mS ae@pOf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (63)
(i)ppfacG;wdu
k u
f tjyef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (66)
ta=umif;t&m
pmrsuEf mS
tcef;(5)
(u) rpm;oifw
h Jh toD;pm;rdvdk@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (68)
(c) axmifwiG ;f edp"P 0l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (69)
(*) tm;vH;k aumif;ygw,f q&m}uD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(72)
(C) td;k pm;ta=umif;/ +*dKvfta=umif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (73)
(i)+*dKvfzrf;enf; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(75)
(p) +*dKvfjzpfatmifvyk jf cif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(77)
tcef;(6)
(u) axmifwiG ;f Adv
k v
f yk GJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (80)
(c) oGm;emaevdk@ vlowfwm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (82)
(*) }udK;rdef@eJ@raoyJ aygujf ym;eJ@ ao&ol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(85)
tcef;(7)
(u) axmifaq;&Hq
k o
dk nfrmS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (90)
(c) vlowfq&m0ef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(93)
tcef;(8)
(u) tdwcf st
f idk Af aGD &m*g yd;k ysH@ESH@yHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(96)
(c) &efuek +f rdK@ &Jb
h ed ;f pcef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(98)
tcef;(9)
(u) uGypf yd q
f &m r[mbkwf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(101)
4

(c)axmiftwGi;f bk&m;wnf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(103)


(*) a&'D,0dk ,fay;rdvdk@ axmifusvmwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(105)
(C) axmifwiG ;f aiGa=u; vJv,
S pf epf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (106)
(i)axmifpm&if;awGc;dk xkwaf wmh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (108)
tcef;(10)
(u) axmifajymif;+yD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(115)
(c) o&ufaxmiftoGm; vrf;c&D;rSm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(122)
(*) [if;aumif;vdk@xrif;awmif;wm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(126)
(C) axmifw&m;pD&ifcef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(129)
tcef;(11)
(u)axmif0ifpmwdu
k yf GJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(131)
(c) axmif0ifpmyHpk w
H u
dk yf GJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(137)
ta=umif;t&m
pmrsuEf mS
tcef;(12)
(u) o&ufaxmifwiG ;f oufaoxGuq
f cdk suf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(142)
(c) tnmc&D;. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(155)
tcef;(13)
(u) axmifwiG ;f owif;pm/ twdt
k xGm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(167)
(c) udt
k u
dk u
f dk aoqH;k r_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(169)
tcef;(14)
(u) &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; acgi;f jzwfowfr_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(174)
(c) trsKd ;om;nDvmcHeJ@ wdu
k yf w
d 'f %f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(176)
tcef;(15)
wGzJ ufaxmifow
H idk =f um;u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (184)
tcef;(16)
a'geawmifrmS aewJh awmifay:om;awG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(191)
tcef;(17)
ydu
d wfuzdk suw
f Jh uGupf w
k f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(201)
tcef;(18)
usaemfocd zJh ;l wJh olawGxu
J trSww
f &rdwaf qGrsm;
(u) OD;tke;f jrifh (ocifO;D tkef;jrif/h wd;k wufa&; ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(213)
(c) OD;pdev
f (S Adv
k pf ed o
f rH %d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(215)
(*) q&mawmfO;D a&0w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (216)
(C) &Jausmpf mG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(224)
tcef;(19)
(u) o&ufaxmifu vGww
f Jhae@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(226)
(c) xGuaf wmfrl eef;ucGm+yD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(227)
rSww
f rf;"mwfyHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (230)
o&uftusO;f axmifyHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(231)
o&uftusO;f axmifwiG f a&qGaJ vbm yef;csyD Hk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(232)
5

o&uftusO;f axmif. taqmifyef;csyD Hk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(233)


wdu
k yf pHk rH sm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(234)s

tcef;(1)
(u)

ausmif;om;xknv
D mcH

tcsed u
f mvu 1990 ckEpS x
f JrmS ayg@? arvu ppftpd;k &u usi;f yay;wJyh gwpD 'Hk rD u
dk a&pDa&G;aumufyGJ &v'f tajzxGuv
f dk@
'Dru
dk a&pDtiftm;pkawG csed fcGif tav;omaecsed yf J jzpfygw,f? usaemfwdk@ jrefrmEdik fi&H J@ &moDOwkawGxu
J rd;k wGi;f umv[m
'Dru
dk a&pDtiftm;pkawG&J@ oauFwvuQ%mwpfcv
k dk@ qd&k rvdyk gy?J
rd;k wGi;f umveJ@ jrefrmEdik if H 'Dru
dk a&pDvySk &f mS ;rS[
k m qufpyfaeygw,f? e0wppftpd;k &&Jh nSi;f yrf;/ ESyd pf uf/ zrf;qD;rSak =umifh
rif;udEk idk t
f ygt0if ausmif;om;trsm;tjym; zrf;qD;cHae&ovd/k ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&; &J@ nSi;f yrf;ESyd pf ufr'Sk %fawGudk rcH&yfEidk af wmhvdk@
e,fpyfa'orsm;qDudk wdr;f a&SmifomG ;=uwJh ausmif;om; rsm;vnf;&Scd yJh gw,f?
jyeff@}uJaewJ@ausmif;om;rsm;/ tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk &efuek rf suEf mS pmrSm pkpnf;Edik zf dk@twGuf rEWav;+rdK@ av;jyifav;&yf
oHCmor*~t
D zGJ@ OuUX OD;a&0wESiAfh uo(txufArmjynf) rSausmif;om;/ vli,fu,
dk pf m; vS,rf sm;jzpf=uonfh rd;k ausmOf ;D / udpk ef;,k/
udrk if;rif;OD;/ rcifOrRmjrif/h rjrifjh rifch dkif pwJrJh EWav;uausmif;om; xkrsm;&Jh yHyh ;dk / uln/D }udK;yrf;rSjk zifh &efuek jf rdK@
&Sad usmif;om;tzGt
Jh pnf;rsm;pkpnf;um uspv
f pfcidk rf maom ArmEdik if q
H idk &f m ausmif;om;r*~rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (atmufArmjynf)
udjk yefvnfzGJ@pnf;I ArmEdik v
f ;Hk qdik &f m ausmif;om;xk nDvmcH}uD;udk 1990ckEpS /f ZGefv(28)&ufae@rS Zlvidk v
f (2)&ufae@ txd
rEWav;+rdK@ jrawmif bke;f }uD;ausmif;wku
d rf mS usi;f yjyKvkycf Jhw,f?
tJ'n
D v
D m}uD;uae+yD;ausmifom;xkrS awmif;qdck su(f 6)csu/f twnfjyKcsu(f 3)&yf/ a&S@vkyif ef;pOf (3)&ufcsrw
S Ef idk cf yJh gw,f?
tJ't
D xJuyg0ifwt
Jh csu(f 1)csuu
f awmhAuorsm;tzGJ@csKyf&J@1960ckEpS rf mS usi;f ycJw
h Jh qXrt}udraf usmif;om;xk nDvmcH}uD;uae
twnfjyKcsrw
S x
f m;cJw
h Jh rl(5)csuu
f dk qufvuf udik q
f +GJ yD; txufArmjynfausmif;om;rsm;eJ@ atmufArmjynfausmif;om;rsm;
[efcsun
f n
D yD ;l aygi;f +yD; ppftm%m&Sipf epfudk wdu
k yf 0GJ ifomG ;zdk@ ausmif;om;xku oH"Xd mefawGcsrw
S cf J@w,f?
tJ'aD e&mrSm AuotzGJ@csKyf&Jh csrw
S x
f m;wJrh (l 5)csuu
f awmh......
(1)? ausmif;om;xktcGit
fh a&;umuG,af &;
(2)? 'Dru
dk a&pDynma&;
(3)? 'Dru
dk a&pDa&;
(4)? jynfwiG ;f +idr;f csrf;a&;
(5)? trsKd ;om;a&; ...wdk@yjJ zpfw,f?
tuowdk@&Jh qdik ;f bkwjf zKwfyGJ
(c)1990ckEpS f a&GaumufyGJt+yD; tajccHynmausmif;rsm; jyefziG w
fh t
Jh cg=uawmh ppftpd;k &uae+yD; ausmif;om;awG[m
Edik if aH &;eJ@rywfouf&bl;vdk@ ajymqdjk yD;awmh olwdk@ ppftpd;k &&J@ ay:vpDjzpfwJh 'dk@wm0efta&;(3)yg; qdik ;f bkwaf wGudk &efuek jf rdK@rmS &Sw
d Jh
tajccHynmausmif;awGtESH@ vdu
k v
f w
H yfqif =uw,f?
ausmif;awGtESH@ pnf;&H;k a&;awGjyKvkycf w
Jh ,f? tJ'gawGurdk auseyf=uwJh tajccHausmif;om;/ ausmif;olawG[m &efuek /f rEWav;
pwJjh rdK@}uD;awGrmS ppftpd;k &&J'h dk@wm0efta&;(3)yg;qdik ;f bkwjf zKwfcsyaGJ wG/ppftpd;k &qef@usiaf &;yGaJ wG jyKvkycf =Jh uwmudk awG@jrifc&Jh w,f?
tJ't
D csed rf mS awmh&efuek jf rdK@rmS qd&k ifAv
dk w
f axmiftrSw(f 5)eJ@trSw(f 6)txufwef;ausmif;awGrmS ppftpd;k &&J'h dk@wm0efta&;(3)yg;qdik ;f
bkwaf wGuadk usmif;om;awGy&J dkucf sKd ;/zsuq
f ;D /jzKwfcsraSk wGt&Sderf jywfjyKvkyEf idk =f uovk/d rEWav;+rdK@rmS vnf;yJtajccHynmtxufwef;a
usmif; wpfcrk mS qd&k if ausmif;0if;twGi;f rSm &Sw
d Jh rqv tpd;k &&Jt
h vHudk tvHwidk u
f ae jzKwfcscw
Jh ,f?+yD;awmh tJ't
D vHudk
ajcaxmufrmS csn+f yD; ppftpd;k &udq
k ef@usiq
f EMjycJw
h Jh c&dik af usmif;om;rsm; or*~(tajccHynm) ausmif;olav; wpfO;D jzpfwJh
raeqkviSdk [
f m ausmif;uae xkwyf ,fccH &Jh w,f?wpfcsed fwnf;rSmyJ 'Dvdk tvm;wljzpf&yfawG[m &efuek w
f idk ;f twGi;f rSm&Sw
d Jh
+rdKe,fawG jzpfwJh ykZeG af wmif/ yef;bJwef;/ vom/ '*H/k vrf;rawmf/ =unfjrifw
h idk /f tvH/k vSidk /f a'gyt
Hk p&Sw
d Jh +rdKe,fawGrmS
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k nfh tajccHynm
6

ausmif;om;wpfO;D rS OD;aqmif+yD; 'dk@wm0efta&;oH;k yg; qdik f;bkwu


f dk ausmif;0if;twGi;f uae jzKwfcscw
Jh ,f? +yD;awmh tJ'q
D idk ;f bkwu
f dk
rD;&Sw
dk t
Jh xd jzpfymG ;cJw
h ,f? prf;acsmif;jrdK@e,frmS qd&k ifvnf; tJ'q
D dki;f bkwu
f dk jzKwfcs+yD; ausmif;tqif;rSm qENjycJ=h uw,f?
ausmif;om;awGu vlawGtm;vH;k Auy/ acG;awGtm;vH;k e0wvkd@auG;a=umfc=Jh uw,f?
'Dvakd uG;a=umfou
H dk Adv
k cf ifne$ f@ wpfa,muf =um;wJt
h cgrmS aqG@aqG@cek +f yD; q&mtwwfoifoyd `H ausmif;u
q&m/q&mrawGudk ac:,l+yD; 'gawG[mq&m/ q&mrawG rqH;k rvdk@ jzpf&wmqd+k yD; +cdr;f ajcmuf }udr;f armif;cJw
h ,f? tJ't
D csed rf mS yJ
rEWav;+rdk@u trSw(f 9)/ trSw(f 1)eJ@ tjcm;ausmif;awGu ausmif;om; awG[m ausmif;qif;csed w
f idk ;f +rdK@v,facgiu
f aps;csKd em&Dpifem;
w0du
k rf mS ppftpd;k &qef@usiw
f hJ auG;a=umforH sm;/ qENjyr_ rsm; }udK;=um;jzpfay:aecJw
h ,f?
a&G;aumufyrGJ mS tEdik &f wJh jynfol@ v$waf wmfu,
dk pf m;vS,rf sm;[mvnf; &efuek +f rdK@ vnfacgirf mS &Sw
d Jh *ENcD ef;rrSmpk+yD;
a=ujimcsuf 190udk xkwjf yefcw
Jh ,f? tJ'aD =ujimcsux
f rJ mS &ufaygi;f (30)twGi;f jynfol@vw
$ af wmfac:ay;&ef e0w tpd;k &tm;
awmif;qdx
k m;ovdk
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tusO;f om;awGuvnf;
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d J@-uk;d oH;k vH;k ae@)
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k ckjyKvkyzf dk@ wyfO;D tzGJ@rsm;uvnf; wyfveS f@xm;=uygw,f? 'Dvekd J@ (8888)ESpyf wfvnf
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f aGJ wmhr,fh tajctaeudk qdu
k af &mufvmcJw
h ,f?'ga}umifh e0wu vlzrf;yG}J uD;udk
w+ydKifeuf pwifygawmhw,f?
wdr;f a&Smif+yD
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h ajccHynmausmif;om;ausmif;olawGudk
e0w
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k w
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12

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13

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14

usaemfvnf; a&raomuf&vnf;aeygap/ qD;yJomG ;awmhr,fvk@d tajzjyefay;vdu


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15

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16

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17

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18

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19

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20

(a*:)NIGHT ygvm;/ yg&if vufaxmifxm; vdk@ar;ygw,f? a*:qdw


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21

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22

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23

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24

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25

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32

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36

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yk'rf orm;awG tcsi;f csi;f axmifwiG ;f ae&mvkwJh (Adv
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37

vlowfre_ J@ axmifusvmwm ESp&f n


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k f vkyaGJ wG jyKvkyv
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axmifxrJ mS Adv
k jf zpf+yD qdkvdk@uawmh ESyd ef ,fay;r,fo
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tusO;f om;tcsi;f csif; jy\emr&Sd jy\em&Sm+yD; vlowf&wmyJ jzpfygw,f?
a,musmF ;&ifrh m}uD;awG jzpf&ufeJ@ "g;"g;csi;f / vSv
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f s+yD;
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usaemfwdk@twGuf aysmpf &maumif;ayr,fh a[;qd+k yD; patmfwJh um,uH&iS cf rsmawmh axmif0efxrf;eJ@ bm,mawGu o&Jp;D wm
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f rd ;f r&jzpfatmif aomif;use;f aewma=umifh taqmifrmS rxm;awmhyJ ppfacG;wdu
k u
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dk yf gw,f? wpfae@rmS
reufyidk ;f }uD; om;om;u ol@omG ; rcHr&yfEidk f udu
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38

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rtm;ao;vdk@ rvmEdik af =umif; jyefajymvdu
k yf gw,f?
tJ'rD mS om;om;u ol@wu
dk cf ef;wcg;udk zGiafh y;zdk@ awmif;qdyk gawmhw,f? txufu n$e=f um;xm; aoma=umifh zGirhf ay;Edik b
f ;l vdk@
0efxrf;u jyefajymvdu
k af wmh om;om;u a'goxGu+f yD; 'gq&dk ifaxmifyidk u
f dk ac:ay;vdk@ xyfajymygw,f? axmif0efxrf;vnf;
bmrSjyefrajymawmh
f adk c:ray;&if awG@=uao;wmaygh vdk@}udr;f 0g;ygw,f? tJ'aD emufyidk ;f om;om;wpfa,muf
at; . . . &w,f/ rif;wdk@ axmifyidk u
ppfacG;wdu
k t
f cef;(9)xJrmS +idrcf suo
f m; aumif;aeygawmhw,f? tJ'v
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k rf mS om;om;eJ@ 0efxrf;wpfa,muf tqifrajy
jzpfaecsed rf mS wdu
k w
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J rde;f a*s;vfu axmifr;_ }uD;jrifv
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51

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52

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Jh pd P owif;jyef@aeygw,f? taqmifrmS rwfo;D eJ@jyefawG@awm@
axmifr;_ }uD;a&SrSmajymwJh rsuEf mS rsKd ;r[kwaf wmhyJ rsuEf mS csKd vmaoG;ygw,f? usaemfuvnf; 'Dtr_upd P tjcm;taqmifuppfaewm
r+yD;jywfao;vdk@ tjypf'%fray;ao;wmvdk@ pdwx
f rJ mS xifryd gw,f? 'grrS [kwf tjcm;tpDtpOfawG&v
Sd dk@vm;/ naeaxmifyw
d rf S
ppfacG;/ 'grrS [kwf oD;oef@ wpfcck u
k ydk dk@ rvm;qd+k yD; awG;um taqmifu &JabmfawGudk E_wq
f uf+yD; usaemft
h yd ,
f mvdyu
f dk
jyifqifapmifq
h idk ;f aevdu
k yf gw,f?
axmifwcH g;ydww
f t
Jh csed x
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h v
dk mac:wmrawG@&vdk@ usaemfeJ@ usaemf&h aJ bmfawG xGuq
f cdk suu
f yJ aumif;vdk@vm;/
oufaocHpm&Guu
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d dk@vm;/ owif;ay; w&m;pGw
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lk
jypf'%fjzpftusO;f om;jzpfaevdk@vm;eJ@
vm;aygi;f rsm;pGmawG;rdygw,f? 'gr[kwv
f J usaemfwdk@udk ta&;,l&if 0efxrf;awGyg yg0ifyufoufaewmrdk@ axmufvrS ;f a&;0ifppfrmS udk
a=umufvdk@yv
J m;? bmyJjzpfjzpf usaemfwdk@a&SrSmpd;k vGiw
f dk@/ Om%f0if;wdk@udk 5(n)pm&if; axmiftjyifxw
k zf dk@ }uHpnfre_ J@ oD;oef@axmi
af jymif;a&GcHxm;&wJh om"uu ylyal EG;aEG;av;&Sad eygw,f?usaemfwdk@u olwdk@xufom+yD; oufaocHypPn;f awmif;rdaewmyg?
53

usaemfwdk@udk bma=umifh ta&;r,lwmvJqw


dk Jh tajzu aemufrS odvm&ygw,f? usaemfwdk@ tm;vH;k udk 1991 ckEpS Ef 0dk ifbmv
(24)&ufae@rmS axmifajymif;a&Gvdu
k yf gw,f? axmifajymif;tpDtpOf&v
Sd dk@ ta&;r,lcw
Jh m jzpfygw,f?
'grrS [kw&f if aemufru
_ yfrvm;/ a'guef J@ wdu
k v
f m; wpfcck yk gy?J
tcef;(10)
(u)axmif
axmifajymif;+yD
tif;pdeaf xmifxu
J dk 1991 ckEpS f bdu
k av;wdu
k yf t
GJ +yD; axmifusvmolawGa=umifh tif;pdeaf xmif twGi;f Edik if aH &;r_awG
tqrwef rsm;jym;vm+yD; taqmifwpfaqmifudk tusO;f om;(100)ausmaf vmuf &Sv
d mygw,f?
'Dv
D dk Edik if aH &;r_awG rsm;vmwma=umifh axmifajymif;a&G r,fqw
dk o
Jh wif;awG ay:xGuaf ecJh wmvnf; =umvS+yDjzpfygw,f?
b,fae@ajymif;&r,f/ b,fawmha&G&r,f/ b,faxmifudk ajymif;r,f pwm awGudk b,forl S twdtus rodEidk yf gb;l ?
'geJ@usaemfwdk@vnf; 'Dupd u
P dk rodvu
dk zf momae vdu
k yf gw,f? 'gayr,fh usaemfwdk@tm;vH;k txifrw
S w
f t
Jh csed f / tm;vH;k
owdrxm;rd=uwJh 1991ckEpS f Ed0k ifbmv (24)&ufreuftapm}uD;rSm axmifajymif;a&Gzdk@ jzpfvmygw,f?
reuftapm}uD; taqmifawGudk 0efxrf;awGa&mufvm+yD; pm&if;rSm emrnfygwo
Jh al wGudk ud,
k fh ypPn;f awG,+l yD; tjyifudk
xGucf idk ;f ygw,f? usaemfwdk@(3)aqmiftjyif (4)aqmif/ (5)aqmifeJ@wu
dk cf ef;/ oD;oef@aqmifawGu 5(n)Edik if aH &;orm;rsm;
ta,muf(20)pDeJ@ pkpak ygi;f 5(n) wpf&mausmu
f dk ac:xkwf oGm;ygw,f?
usaemfwdk@ ta,muf(100)ausmu
f dk tjyifux
dk w
k +f yD; rde;f a*s;vfvrf;r}uD; twdik ;f ac:oGm;ygw,f? rde;f a*s;vfvrf;r}uD;udk
a&mufawmh usaemfwdk@tm;vH;k &Jh qHyifawGudk av;uGu=f um; !Syyf pfygw,f? qHyif!yS w
f ,fvdk@ ajym&ayr,fh wu,fwrf;=uawmh
qHyifudk yHyk suq
f if;ysujf zpfatmif pufuyfaus; xd;k cs wmyJjzpfygw,f? qHyif!yS +f yD;wmeJ@ csucf si;f ajcusi;f &du
k yf gw,f? +yD;awmh
axmifA;l 0rSm wef;pDcidk ;f ygw,f? wef;pDaecsed rf mS bJO(2)vH;k / iydenf;enf;ygwJh xrif;xkyaf wG wpfa,mufwpfxyk f a0ay;ygw,f?
aemuf tup uaewqifh &Jvufudk tyfvu
dk yf gw,f? &J0efxrf;awGu usaemfwdk@5(n)awG ta,muf(100)ausmu
f dk
tif;pdeAf ;l 0udak c:oGm;+yD; axmifA;l 0rSm tqifoif&h aSd ewJh wDt;D (11)um;ESppf ;D qDudk ac:oGm;ygw,f? tJ'u
D m;ay:udk usaemfwdk@
tm;vH;k udk wifaqmif+yD; um;u tif;pdeb
f w
l mudk OD;wnfarmif;ESio
f mG ;ygw,f? usaemfwdk@awGaxmifjyifudk a&mufwmeJ@ rjrif&wm
=um+yDjzpfwJh jyify urBm&Jh edp"P 0l v_y&f mS ;r_awGudk wtHw
h =o}uD; ai;pdu
k =f unfah erdw,f?
'gayr,fh usaemfah jcaxmufu oHajcusi;f udk jyefiHk@=unfv
h u
dk af wmh &ifxrJ mS qwfueJ emusio
f mG ;ygw,f? jyifyu yH&k yd af wGudk
tirf;r& ai;=unfah erdygw,f? axmifxrJ mS ae@pOf _u
_d af e&wJh aveJh axmif&jJh yifyuavu twlwjl zpf&ufom;eJ@
tjyifuavuyd+k yD; vwfqwfoef@&iS ;f w,fvdk@ xifryd gw,f?
aocsmwmuawmh 'g[m axmifuvGwaf o;wm r[kwyf gb;l ?
usaemfwdk@awG tif;pdeaf xmifu ajymif;a&GcJ&h wJh Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;awG&Jh pm&if;udk azmfjy vdyk gw,f?
1991 ckEpS f Ed0k ifbmv (23)&ufae@wiG f &efuek t
f if;pdef A[dk pHjy tusO;f axmifrmS o&uftusO;f axmifodk@ ajymif;a&G cH&onfh
pm&if;
trnf
axmifusEpS f
(1)r*~iq
f &mawmf(OD;a&$omat;)
( & )ESpf r*~iaf usmif;wdu
k /f ouFe;f useG ;f +rdK@e,f
(2)OD;y0Ho (OD;jynfausm)f

( & )ESpf owdyXmefausmif;wdu


k /f wmarG+rdK@e,f

(3)OD;tmpm& (axmifwiG ;f YysHveG af wmfr)l

( & )ESpf o&ufawmem&Dpifausmif;wdu


k /f vrf;rawmf+rdK@e,f

(4)OD;tdEu
dN

( 5 )ESpf qm;vif;ausmif;wdu
k /f ykZeG af wmif+rdK@e,f

(5)OD;ynm'Dy

( 5 )ESpf odraf wmf}uD;ausmif;wdu


k /f yef;yJwef;+rdK@e,f

(6)OD;eaENmbmo (OD;Edik x
f eG ;f a&$)

( 5 )ESpf rGeaf usmif;wdu


k /f A[ef;+rdK@e,f

(7)ud&k if ausmw
f ifh

( & )ESpf ara';eDausmif;wdu


k /f ausmufuek ;f / &efuif;+rdK@e,f

(8)ud&k if xl;at;

( 4 )ESpf ok0omrausmif;wdu
k /f prf;acsmif;+rdK@e,f
54

(9)OD;rJarmif
(10)OD;cifarmif}uD;

( 7 )ESpf
( 7 ) ESpf

pvif;+rdK@/ rauG;wdik ;f

(11)ud+k idr;f csr;f (pma&;q&m nDyak v;)

( 10 )ESpf

vlxw
k u
dk /f rEWav;+rdK@

(12)ud&k (J c)udo
k ed ;f atmif

( 10 ) ESp,
f if;rmaw;oHoiG ;f / ausmufww
H m;+rdK@e,f

(13)udak Zmfrif;(c)AHw
k dk

(5)

(14)ud+k zdK;a00if;

ESpt
f xufwef;ausmif;om;/ tkwzf /dk yJc;l wdik ;f

(5)ESpw
f wd,ESp(f &lyaA')&efuek w
f uUov
dk ef wWvif;+rdK@/ yJc;l wdik ;f

(15)udEk idk v
f iG cf sdK
(16)udak pmvGif

(10) ESpf acsmif;acgi;f &Gm/ ayguaf cgi;f +rdK@/ yJc;l wdik ;f


( 5 )ESpf a&Sae/ zqyv (A[d/k rlvtzGJ@csKyf)&efuek f

(17)udak usmrf if;Edki(f c)udek D

( 7 )ESpaf emufq;Hk ESp/f pufrw


_ uUov
dk (f +rdK@jy)/ a&eHacsmif;+rdK@/

(18)a'guw
f m cifxeG ;f

( 3 )ESpx
f eG ;f aq;cef;/ "rRm&Hak usmif;vrf;/ 6rdik cf /GJ vSidk +f rdK@e,f

(19)udjk rifOh ;D
( 5 )ESpf aygi+f rdK@/ rGejf ynfe,f
(20)udt
k u
dk u
f dk (axmifwiG ;f aoqH;k )
( 8 )ESpv
f yk o
f m;aumvdy/f wwd,ESp(f jrefrmpm)/ &efuek +f rdK@
(21)udak usmrf if;Edkif
( 4 )ESpf tajccHynmausmif;om;or*~(&efuek w
f idk ;f )/ Adv
k w
f axmif+rdK@e,f?
(22)udck spu
f u
dk dk (c) udak tmif'if ( 4 )ESpaf emufq;Hk ESp/f pufrw
_ uUov
dk f (pufr)_ / awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,f?
(23)OD;aZmfrsKd ;0if;
( 7 )ESpf A[dw
k &m;&H;k a&Sae/ &efuek +f rdK@
(24)OD;atmifjrif0h if;

( 7 )ESpf Xmer_;/ trSw(f 1)pufr0_ ef}uD;Xme/ vrf;eDav;/ &efuek +f rdK@

(25)udak X;atmif
( 3 )ESpf wwd,ESpf (jrefrmpm)/ &efuek fwuUov
dk /f vSn;f wef;/ urm&Gw+f rdK@e,f
(26)udak X;atmif
( 6 )ESpf yxrESp(f '\eduaA')/ ta0;oifwuUov
dk /f urm&Gw+f rdK@e,f
(27)udv
k aS X;
( 4 )ESpaf emufq;Hk ESpf ("gwak A')/ &efuek w
f uUov
dk /f r*Fvmawmif!eG f@+rdK@e,f
(28)udck spn
f n
D (D c) udak &$bek ;f vl ( 5 )ESpf 'kw,
d ESp(f t*Fvyd pf m)/ &efuek w
f uUov
dk f
(29) udpk ed v
f i_d f (c)udjk ynfh

( 3 )ESpf urm&Gw+f rdK@e,f?

(30)udak usmpf ;dk (ykm;)

( 3 )ESpf wwd,ESpf (a&eH)/ pufrw


_ uUov
dk f

(31)udpk nfox
l w
G f

( 3 )ESpf 'kw,
d ESp/f pufrw
_ uUov
dk /f r*Fvmawmif!eG f@+rdK@e,f

(32) udx
k eG ;f xGe;f

( 3 )ESpf aemufq;Hk ESpf (ocsmF )/ &efuek w


f uUov
dk ?f a'gy+Hk rdK@e,f

(33)udak xG;armf

( 3 )ESpf aemufq;Hk ESp(f jrefrmpm)/ &efuek w


f uUov
dk f

(34)udn
k aD xG;cdik (f c) ud&k uQ;D

( 4 )ESpf aemufq;Hk ESpf ("gwak A')/ &efuek w


f uUov
dk /f prf;acsmif;+rdK@e,f

(35)udw
k w
d Ef idk f

( 3 )ESpf xm;0,f+rdK@/ weoFm&Dwikd ;f

(36) udw
k ;dk wd;k xGe;f

( 5 )ESpf wwd,ESp(f _yaA')/ ykord 'f *D &Daumvdy/f ajrmif;jr+rdK@/


55

(37)ud&k v
J iG pf ;dk (c)ud&k J

( 5 )ESpf tvkyo
f rm;or*~/ v_id o
f m,m+rdK@e,f/ &efuek f

(38)udv
k aS 0

( 3 )ESpf usL&Siq
f &m/ urm&Gw+f rdK@e,f

(39)udak rmifarmifjrifh

( 5 )ESpf 'kw,
d ESpf (ocsmF )/ &efuek w
f uUov
dk /f awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,f

(40)ud0k if;Edik Of D;

( 3 )ESpf aemufq;Hk ESp/f &efuek pf ufrw


_ uUov
dk f

(41)udak rmifarmifoef;

( 5 )ESpf jrefrmhp;D yGm;a&;b%f (ykZeG af wmifb%fc)GJ

(42)udv
k rS sKd ;aemif(c) rSe}f uD;
(43)udak tmifyidk f

( 5 )ESpf yxrESp(f Oya')/ &efuek w


f uUov
dk /f ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@/
( 4 )ESpf =u,fprd ;f vli,ftzGJ@/ ykZeG af wmif+rdK@e,f/ &efuek w
f idk ;f

(44) udak usm0f

( 3 )ESpf yxrESp/f pufrw


_ uUov
dk /f 'gy+Hk rdK@e,f/ &efuek w
f idk ;f

(45)udak usm0f

( 3 )ESpf txufwef;ausmif;om;/ yJc;l +rdK@/ yJc;l wdik ;f

(46)udak usmaf usmo


f ed ;f
(47)udv
k 0S if;

( 4 )ESpf 'kw,
d ESp/f *k%x
f ;l wef;(ocsmF )/&efuek w
f uUov
dk /f Adv
k w
f axmif+rdK@e,f
( 20 )ESpf
bdu
k av;+rdK@/ {&m0wDwidk ;f

(48) udo
k m;!Gef@O;D
( 5 )ESpf yxrESp/f aq;wuUov
dk (f 1)/ &efuek /f ausmufww
H m;+rdK@e,f
(49)udak evif;(pma&;ol) ( 5 )ESpf tajccHynmausmif;om;rsm; or*~ (&efuek w
f idk ;f )/ ykZeG af wmif+rdK@e,f/
(50) ud&k aJ rmfx;l
( 4 )ESpt
f ajccJynm ausmif;om;rsm;or*~( &efuek w
f idk ;f )/ vrf;opf&yd o
f m/ vrf;rawmf+rdK@e,f
(51) ud&k aJ usmpf mG
( 3 )ESpf
tajccHynm ausmif;om;rsm;or*~ (&efuek w
f idk ;f )/ Adv
k w
f axmif+rdK@e,f
(52) udjk rifph ;dk (c)udak *smef D
( 17 )ESpf
trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pD tzGJ@csKyf(A[d)k / vli,f/ vrf;opf&yd o
f m/ vrf;rawmf+rdK@e,f
(53)udjk rifq
h ef;
( 5 )ESpf
ajrmufOuUvmy+rdK@e,f/ &efuek w
f idk ;f
(54)ud0k if;a&$
( 3 )ESpf
enf;jy(t*Fvyd pf m)/ vkyo
f m;aumvdy/f wmarG+rdK@e,f
(55) udo
k mjrwfausmf
( 4 )ESpf
aemufq;Hk ESp/f tydik ;f (u)/ aq;wuUov
dk (f 1)
(56) udak t;vGif
( 15 )ESpf
wwd,ESp(f ocsmF )/ ta0;oifwuUov
dk /f arSmb
f +D rdK@e,f
(57) udak Zmf0if;xGf
( 20 )ESpf
txufwef;ausmif;om;/ omauw+rdK@
(58)udak Zmf0if;xGe;f
( 3 )ESpf
txufwef;ausmif;om;/ 'v+rdK@e,f
(59) udo
k ed ;f xGe;f OD;
( 5 )ESpf
tajccHynmausmif;om;rsm; or*~/ awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,f
(60) OD;aomif;xGe;f
( 7 )ESpf
yJc;l +rdK@
(61)udrk sKd ;jrifh
( 5 )ESpf
aemufq;Hk ESpf (ocsmF )/ &efuek w
f uUov
dk /f omauw+rdK@e,f
56

(62) udak tmifausmrf ;dk (c)udb


k adk wmuf
vl@abmifopf 'Dru
dk &ufwpfygw/D anmifav;yif+rdK@e,f/ yJc;l wdik ;f
(63) udpk ;dk Edik f
wwd,ESpf (ordik ;f )/ ykord 'f *D &Daumvdyf
(64)udpk ;dk Edik f
yef;yJwef;+rdK@e,f/ &efuek +f rdK@
(65)udEk idk 0f if;
tajccHynmausmif;om;rsm;or*~/ awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,f
(66) udak ZmfaZmfvi_d f
vl@abmifopf 'Dru
dk &ufwpfygw/D omauw+rdK@e,f
(67) udrk sKd ;wifah tmif
aemufq;Hk ESp/f pD;yGm;a&;wuUov
dk f
(68) udak usmaf xG;
ta0;ajy;Xme/ qufo,
G af &;/ pmwdu
k Ef iS afh =u;eef;0ef}uD;Xme/ r*Fvmawmif!eG f@+rdK@e,f
(69) udpk nfo0l if;
omauw+rdK@e,f
(70) udpk ;dk jrif(h c) aygirf ek f@
'v+rdK@e,f/ &efuek +f rdK@
(71) udv
k iG Of ;D
c&rf;+rdK@e,f/ &efuek +f rdK@
(72) ud=k unf0if;
c&rf;+rdK@e,f/ &efuek +f rdK@
( 73 ) udck ifaZmf
a0bm*D/ ajrmufOuUvmy +rdK@e,f/ &efuek +f rdK@
( 74 ) udek w
D w
G af usmf
txufwef;ausmif;om;/ awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,f
( 75 ) udo
k *d a tmif
txufwef;ausmif;om;
( 76 ) udu
k jH rifh
tvH+k rdK@e,f/
( 77 ) udrk sKd ;atmif=unf ( c ) rsKd ;rsKd ;
( 78 ) udx
k eG ;f jrifah tmif
'kw,
d ESp/f *k%x
f ;l wef; ( yx0D )/ &efuek w
f uUov
dk /f ewfpifvrf;/ =unfjh rifwidk +f rdK@e,f
( 79 ) udek u
D Odk ;D
txufwef;ausmif;om;/ wmarG+rdK@e,f
( 80 ) udck ifarmifxeG ;f ( c ) udu
k |/d 5 ( C )
'kw,
d ESp/f &efuek w
f uUov
dk /f }udK@uek ;f / tif;pde+f rdK@e,f/ &efuek +f rdK@e,f/
( 81) udrk sKd ;atmif
'kw,
d ESp/f ta0;oifwuUov
dk f
( 82 ) udak rmifarmifat;
tvkyo
f rm;or*~
( 83 ) udrk ;dk atmif
usL&Siq
f &m/ prf;acsmif;+rdK@e,f/ &efuek +f rdK@
( 84 ) udak pmausm+f idr;f
tvH+k rdK@e,f/ &efuek +f rdK@
( 85 ) udak omif;aiG
57

( 3 )ESpf
( 3 )ESpf
( 5 )ESpf
( 3 )ESpf
( 3 )ESpf
( 3 )ESpf
( 3 )ESpf
( 5 )ESpf
( 11 )ESpf
( 7 )ESpf
( 7 )ESpf
( 6 )ESpf
( 9 )ESpf
( 11 )ESpf
( 6 )ESpf
( 7 )ESpf
( 4 )ESpf
( 4 )ESpf
( 5 )ESpf
( 3 )ESpf
( 6 )ESpf
( 6 )ESpf
( 5 )ESpf
( 3 )ESpf

txufwef;ausmif;om;/ r*Fvm'H+k rdK@e,f


( 86 ) udEk idk rf eG f
enf;jy/ '\eduaA'/ &efuek w
f uUov
dk /f rGejf ynfe,f
( 87 ) udb
k b
dk x
dk eG ;f ( bdb
k x
dk eG ;f - &kyjf y )
awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,f
( 88 ) ud&k rJ eG f
txufwef;ausmif;om;/ urm&Gw+f rdK@e,f
( 89 ) udx
k ed 0f if;atmif
ae0if;ESi;f qD pmtkyq
f idk /f tif;pde+f rdK@e,f
( 90 ) udpk ;dk jrwf
tvH+k rdK@e,f/ &efuek w
f idk ;f
( 91 ) OD;avmt,f ( Edik if aH wmfyek u
f efr_ )
u&iftrsKd ;om; tpnf;t&H;k ( autef,l )
( 92 ) OD;bifqif ( Edik if aH wmfyek u
f efr_ )
u&iftrsKd ;om;tpnf;t&H;k ( autef,l )
( 93) udx
k ;l *G,f ( Edik if aH wmfyek u
f efr_ )
u&iftrsKd ;om;tpnf;t&H;k / (autef,l )
( 94 ) udak us;awm ( Edik if aH wmfyek u
f efr_ )
u&iftrsKd ;om;tpnf;t&H;k ( autef,l )
( 95 ) udck sKd av; ( Edik if aH wmfyek u
f efr)_
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58

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59

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60

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67

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f sirfh y_ jJ zpfjzpf 'dk@eJ@rqdik b
f ;l ? aevdk@&w,f? r[kww
f mawG vmrajymeJ@
tckvadk jymwm/ jzpfcw
Jh mawG[m vdrw
f mr[kwyf gb;l / trSeaf wGyg? tjcm;tcef;u tusO;f om; awGvnf; odygw,f
awmfyg/ rif;wdk@tcsi;f csi;f 'Dvadk jymr,fq+dk yD; !Sx
d m;=urSmayg/h 'dk@vmwm odaerSmyJ r[kwv
f m;
tJ'rD mS usaemfu
h dk ppfaq;aewke;f tcef;xJudk o&ufaxmifyidk f OD;aomif;!Gef@ t&yf0wft&yfpm;eJ@ 0ifvmygw,f? +yD;awmh
ol@&;Hk cef;xJu rD;cHaowWmudk zGi+fh yD; [d[
k m&Sm/ 'D[m&Smvkyaf eygw,f? wpfcsuf wpfcsuf usaemfu
h v
dk nf; rsuaf pmif;xd;k +yD;
tuJcwfvu
dk yf gao;w,f? tJ't
D csed rf mS OD;jrifo
h ed ;f u
[if;aumif;vdk@ xrif;awmif;wm/ 'D[if;udk zsu+f yD;csuv
f dk@ b,fou
l ajymwmvJ
axmifyidk u
f ajymwmyg
axmifyidk q
f w
dk m axmifyidk }f uD;vm;/ axmifyidk af v;vm;? ud,
k f@axmifu axmifyidk ef mrnfuadk wmif rodb;l vm;
axmifyidk f Adv
k }f uD;aomif;!Gef@yg
tJ't
D csed rf mS axmifyidk pf m;yGJrmS &Sad ewJh o&ufaxmifyidk af omif;!Gef@u usaemfu
h dk =unf+h yD; wpfcsuf +yHK;vdu
k yf gw,f?
ol@t+yHK;uat;puf+yD; aumufusp,
f w
k rf mr_awG tjynfyh gygw,f?
usaemfh ausmxJ pdru
fh eJat;oGm;ygw,f?
rif;wdk@axmifxrJ mS xrif;awGtydak wmif;/ +yD;&iftjcm;tusO;fom;awGudk aq;vdyef J@ vJv,
S f w,fqdk
71

r[kwyf gb;l / b,forl S xrif;tydrk &ygb;l ? xrif;pm;&wmr0vdk@ axmif0ifpmuaewqifh tdraf wG udrk ek f@qef;rSm+yD;
pm;&wmawG&ySd gw,f? axmifxrJ mS 0efxrf;awGom xrif;udk tdraf wGu,
dk o
l mG ;wm &Syd gw,f
a[haumif/ rif;jrifvdk@vm;/ rjrifyeJ J@ xifa=u;awGeJ@ 0efxrf;awGudk vmrajymeJ@/ ud,
k fh ta=umif;udak jym/ rif;udkar;wJh
ta=umif;yJajz/ ud,
k ef J@rqdik fwu
Jh pd u
P dk rajymeJ@/ =um;vm;
[kwu
f Jh
rif;wdk@ xrif;awGtydak wmif;+yD; rukev
f dk@ yef;uefaq;bkwrf mS xrif;useaf wGoeG yf pfxm;wJh td;k awG jynfah ewmyJq/dk
'grsKd ;vkyzf dk@ raumif;bl;? axmifxrJ mS tJ'v
D dk v$ijfh ypfawmh tvum;oufoufrJh Edik if aH wmfyu
dk q
f u
H dk jzKef;wD;&m usw,f? +yD;awmh
tJ'v
D dk pnf;urf;r&Sd xrif;useaf wG v$iyfh pfawmh uGwf vmr,f/ jcif/ ,if/vmr,f? +yD;&ifaxmifxrJ mS ul;pufa&m*gjzpfr,f?
rif;wdk@twGuf wpfu,
dk af & oef@&iS ;f a&; vn;f xdcu
dk w
f ,f
usaemfwdk@awG xrif;useaf wG v$iyfh pfwm/ pGef@ypfxm;wJh yke;f awGrmS jynfv
h #+H yD; trsm;}uD;jzpf aew,fqw
dk m r[kwyf gb;l ?
wcgwav axmifuau|;wJh xrif;awGxrJ mS oJawG/ cJawG trsm;}uD;ygvdk@ bmrSrpm;Edik v
f dk@ xrif;udk v$iyfh pf&wmyg?
usaemfwdk@awG[m xrif;udk t"dutpm;tpmtjzpf pm;&+yD; tvkyv
f yk &f wmyg? aemuf v$iyfh pfxm;wJh xrif;useaf wGuv
kd nf;
axmifrmS arG;xm;wJh 0ufawGtwGuf ae@widk ;f 0ufbw
k u
f vm,laevdk@ wdik ;f jynfaiGudk jzKef;ypfw,fvdk@ rqdEk idk yf gb;l
uJ...aumif;+yD? 'gq&dk if rif;wdk@udk tck xrif;00au|;+yD r[kwv
f m;
[kwu
f Jh au|;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh a&&Snaf u|;r,f/ rau|;bl;qdw
k m rajymwwfygb;l
au|;rSmyg? tckrif;wdk@udk 00au|;w,f r[kwv
f m;? igwdk@&aSd ewJh ypPKy`eu
f ydk J ajymyg? igwdk@awG rif;wdk@ axmifyidk ef J@
axmifrLS ;awGuadk &m tckvx
dk rif;00au|;zdk@ rSmcJrh ,f? [kwv
f m;? tckawmh rif;u axmifxrJ mS xrif;00vifvif pm;&ygw,f?
'Dtwdik ;f yJ xGuq
f adk ygh
usaemf't
D csuu
f dk jiif;ygw,f? rajzqdEk idk yf gb;l ? axmifxrJ mS xrif;00vifvif pm;&wmrS (1)&uf/ (2)&ufyJ &Syd gao;w,f?
xrif;00vifvif pm;&ygw,fvdk@ vdrv
f nf+yD; rxGuq
f Edk ikd yf gbl;? usaemf wifjywJh tcsuaf wGu trSecf sn;f yJ jzpfygw,f? tcktwdik ;f yJ
xGuq
f Edk ikd yf gw,f? ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@u rSmcJh ygw,fqw
dk Jh pum;vH;k eJ@ jyefomG ;rSmyg? axmifxrJ mS usecf rJh mS u usaemfwdk@
tusO;f om;awGeJ@ axmifyidk af wGyJ usecf rJh mS yg? a&&Snrf mS au|;w,f/ rau|;bl;qdw
k m rodao;ygb;l ? 'gah =umifh ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@u
xGuq
f cdk idk ;f wJt
h wdik ;f usaemfrxGuq
f Edk ikd yf gb;l
tJ't
D cgusrS ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@awG acgi;f csif;qdik v
f u
dk =f uygw,f? +yD;rS usaemfajymwJt
h wkid ;f vufEySd pf uf &dkuzf dk@
jynfaxmifrLS ;udk OD;jrifo
h ed ;f u trdef@ay;vdu
k yf gw,f?
rif;axmifrmS xrif;00vifvif pm;&ovm;
rpm;&ygb;l
axmifyidk u
f adk &m wifjyta=umif;=um;zl;vm;
[kwu
f Jh wifjyzl;ygw,f? 'gayrJh axmiftm%mydik u
f vdu
k af vsmr_r&Scd yJh g
( 'Dae&mrSm OD;jrifo
h ed ;f u axmifyidk u
f [if;aumif;vdk@ xrif;awmif;wm/ [if;udzk suyf pf qdw
k Jh pum;vH;k udk jzKwfay;zdk@
arwWm&yfcw
H ma=umifh rxnfo
h iG ;f Edkicf yJh g? )
rif;'Davmufqdk auseyfw,f r[kwv
f m;
'Davmufqdk vufcyH gw,f
axmifxrJ mS rif;a&qGzJ ;l ovm;
'Dta=umif;udk olwdk@rar;cifrwnf;u usaemfajzcsiw
f m ,m;aeygw,f?
qGcJ zJh ;l ygw,f
wpf&ufudk b,favmufq&GJ ovJ
wpf&ufudk a&yH;k ( 900 ) avmufq&GJ ygw,f
b,ft&G,t
f pm; avmufyHk;rsKd ;vJ/ w*gvyH ;kH t&G,v
f m;
r[kwyf gb;l ? a&yH;k u tawmf}uD;ygw,f? ayyguwW&mcGeH Jh vkyx
f m;wJh oHxnfjzpfygw,f? yH;k &Jh tom;wif tav;csed w
f if
awmfawmfav;ygw,f? a&*gvH ( 20 )cef@ qef@ygw,f? vl ( 5 )a,muf/ ( 6 ) a,mufavmufrS qGw
J ifEidk rf mS yg?
a&yH;k ud=k unfrh ,fq&dk if usaemfwdk@ taqmifrmS &Syd gw,f? vdu
k =f unfh vdk@&ygw,f
OD;jrifo
h ed ;f eJ@ axmifrLS ;awGu olwdk@tcsi;f csif; wpfa,mufuw
dk pfa,muf =unfv
h u
dk =f uygw,f? tH=h ow}uD; jzpfaewJh
rsuEf mS eJ@ =unf+h yD;rS OD;jrifo
h ed ;f u pum;jyefpygw,f?
72

a[h...[kw&f J@vm;uGm/ =unfv


h v
J yk yf gO;D / 'dk@uv
dk mvdrrf aeeJ@/ rif;av#muf+yD; yg;pyfxJ awG@u&m awG rajymeJ@? rif;udk
tJ'aD vmufrcdik f;ygb;l
OD;jrifo
h ed ;f u ol@a&S@pm;yGJ cHak y:u pm&Guw
f pf&u
G u
f dk ,lvu
dk yf gw,f? +yD;awmh usaemfu
h dk axmifjy ygw,f?
a[haumif/ rif;oli,fcsi;f awG 0if;Ekid fO;D wdk@/ aZmf0if;xf/ vS0if;wdk@ rif;odw,fr[kwv
f m;
odygw,f
at;/ olwdk@ajymawmh rif;vdrk [kwb
f ;l / rif;ajymwJh a&yH;k ta&twGuef J@ wjcm;pDy?J rif;igwdk@udk vmvdrrf aeeJ@? a&yH;k
( 900 )qdw
k m b,fvedk nf;eJ@rS rjzpfEidk b
f ;l ? [dak umifawGajymawmh ( 400 ) vm;/ ( 500 )vm;/ 'Davmufy?J rif;usryS q
dk ;dk aew,f?
aeprf;ygO;D / rif;a&aum qG&J vdk@vm;? yH;k ( 900 )qG&J w,fvdk@ rif;b,fvadk jymEkid v
f /J rif;ud,
k w
f idk f a&wGux
f m;wmvm;
wdu
k x
f aJ &mufaewJh
usaemfo
h il ,fcsi;f awGu
&efuek u
f o&ufaxmifajymif;+yD;
wvtwGi;f rSmyJ
wdu
k x
f J
a&mufomG ;wma=umifh taqmifua&qG&J wJh taetxm;eJ@ a&yH;k b,favmuf qG&J w,fqw
dk m olwdk@aoaocsmcsm
odrmS r[kwyf gb;l ? aZmf0if;xGf wpfa,mufyJ a&qGaJ vbm tawG@t}uHK&Syd gw,f? wpf&ufudk a&yH;k (900)ausmq
f &GJ wmuvnf;
usaemfu,
dk w
f idk af &qG+J yD; ud,
k w
f idk f wmvDrw
S x
f m;vdk@yg? ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@u r,H=k unfvdk@&&Sd if usaemf&h Jh axmifeyH gw}f uD;xJu
tusO;f om;avbmrSm tvky(f 1)aqmif a&qGJ avbmvdk@ axmifyidk u
f ,
dk w
f idk f vufrw
S x
f ;dk xm;wm &Syd gw,f
tJ't
D cgrmS awmh ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@u usaemheyH gw}f uD;xJu tvkyw
f m0efae&mudk oJ}uD;rJ}uD; zwf&y_ gw,f?
zwf=unf+h yD;wJt
h cgrmS olwdk@tm;vH;k 'Dupdk u
P dk pdw0f ifpm;vmwJh vuQ%m jyvmygw,f? OD;jrifo
h ed ;f [m ol@&u
Jh ,
dk yf dki'f idk ,
f m&Duzdk iG +fh yD;
rSwyf gawmhw,f?
a&wpfy;Hk qG&J if vlb,favmufrS Edik rf mS vJ
a&qGw
J pfqidk ;f rSm a&vSnw
fh o
Jh yl g tygq&dk if (6)a,muf/ (7)a,mufavmufygyJ
a&wpfqidk ;f udk a&yH;k b,favmuf qG&J vJ
yH;k (50)yg
a&yH;k (900)qdw
k m wpfae@v;Hk pkpak ygi;f vm;
[kwyf gw,f/ taqmifta&Sjcrf;/ taemufjcrf; pkpak ygi;f yg
usaemfah b;rSm&Sad ewJh OD;at;v_id zf ufuv
dk n
S +fh yD;. . .
cifAsm;wdk@axmifxrJ mS b,fawGa&ay;&vJ/ bmawG'aD vmufo;Hk wmvJ
ar;vdu
k af wmh taqmifawmif,m/ tjyifawmif,m/ rde;f raqmif/ wdu
k af wGaomufa&/ taqmif a&csKd ;/ 'DavmufygyJ
vdk@jyefajzygw,f?
atmf...[kw+f yD
a&qG&J wm yifyef;ovm;
[m... yifyef;wmuawmh rajymygeJ@Asm/ usaemfq&dk if a&qGaJ e&if;eJ@yJ yifyef;vGe;f vdk@ axmifxrJ mS ypfvu
J sz;l ygw,f?
axmifaq;&Hak wmif wufc&Jh ygw,f? axmifq&m0ef a'guw
f m aqGaqG0if;udk ar;=unfh &if odEidk yf gw,f
usaemft
h ajztqH;k rSm olwdk@bmrS qufrar;awmhyJ wpfcck u
k dk pOf;pm;ae=uygw,f? +yD;awmh (3)OD;om; wD;wd;k ajym=u
jyefygw,f? o&ufaxmifu tm%mydik af wGuawmh usaemfu
h /dk pm;rwwf rsuv
f ;Hk awGeJ@ wpfrsKd ;/ pdwyf suv
f ufysut
f =unfah wGeJ@
wpfzHk =unfah eygw,f? awmfawmfav; =umwJt
h cgusrS OD;jrifo
h ed ;f uyJ...
tif;/ rif;ajymwJt
h xJrmS wpf&ufuadk &yH;k (900)qG&J w,fqw
dk m b,fvrdk rS jzpfEidk b
f ;l ? rif;aoao csmcsm jyefpOf;pm;yg?
trSwrf mS ;wmaum rjzpfEidk b
f l;vm;? yH;k (900)avmufq&GJ &ifumG / aoukerf mS ayg?h yH;k (400)avmufq&dk if jzpfEikd af o;w,f
usaemft
h aeeJ@ 'Da&mufuwnf;u a&udk yifyifyef;yef; qGv
J m&wm tckxyd gy?J ud,
k w
f idk v
f nf; aoaocsmcsm
rSwx
f m;wmyg
a&qGw
J ,fqw
dk muvnf; rif;wdk@tusO;f om;awGo;Hk zdk@yrJ [kwv
f m;/ aemuf+yD;rif;wdk@ 5(n)awG csn;f yJ qGcJ idk ;f wmvm;/
tjcm;&mZ0wfra_ wGaum ygao;vm;
a&qGaJ vbmudk usaemfwdk@5(n)awGcsn;f yJ taqmifwidk f;rSm qG&J wmyg? &mZ0wfr_ tusO;f om; awGu jypf'%fusro
S m
a&qG'J %f(1)ywf/ (2)ywfq+dk yD; cswmyg? wpfcgwpfav jypf'%ftusO;f om;u wpfa,muf/ ESpaf ,mufy&J ySd gw,f? 'gah =umifh
usaemfwdk@udk jypf'%ftjzpf a&qGcJ idk ;f wmvdk@ xifryd gw,f
aumif;+yD/ rif;tck wifjywJt
h csuaf wGudk igwdk@txufudk wifjyay;r,f/ rif;wdk@tckcsed u
f p+yD; a&rqG&J atmif
igwdk@ajymay;cJrh ,f? rif;yxru xrif;r0wke;f u rif;ajymwJt
h wdik ;f 'dk@uvdu
k af vsm+yD; rSww
f rf;wifcw
Jh ,f? 'Dwpfcg
igwdk@ut
dk jyeftvSef vdu
k af vsmwJt
h aeeJ@ rif;ajymwJh a&qG&J wJyh ;Hk ta& twGuu
f wtm;rsm;aew,f? &kyv
f nf;ysuw
f ,f?
73

txufudk rif;ajymwJh twdik ;f wifjy&if ,H=k unfrmS r[kwb


f ;l ? tJ'aD wmh a&yH;k (400) wpfae@q&GJ ygw,fvdk@ rif;uxGuq
f adk y;/
[kwv
f m;
usaemfu,
dk w
f idk f wpfae@udk a&yH;k (900)udk aeylyu
l su
J srJ mS
qG&J wm jzpfwma=umifh a&yH;k (400)vdk@
vdrv
f nfrxGuq
f Edk idk yf gb;l
'Dvv
dk yk u
f mG / rif;udv
k rd fvnfxu
G q
f zdk dk@ igwdk@wu
dk w
f eG ;f aewm r[kwyf gb;l ? rif;wdk@vnf; repfem&atmif/ igwdk@vnf;
txufudk wifjywJt
h cgrmS jzpfEidk af cs&aSd tmif &kyyf sufqif;ysuf rjzpfatmif wpfa,mufeJ@wpfa,muf =unfzh dk@ajymwmyg?
rif;tckxu
G q
f w
dk Jh xGuq
f cdk surf mS a&yH;k (500)yJq&GJ w,fvdk@ 'dk@uv
dk ufrw
S x
f ;dk ay;zdk@/ 'dk@tzGJ@taeeJ@ oD;oef@ rSwpf x
k u
G q
f cdk suq
f +dk yD;
rif;ajymwJh yH;k (900)udt
k aotcsm rSw+f yD; vl}uD;awGeJ@ awG@wt
Jh cgrmS wifjyay;r,f/ b,fvv
dk J
usaemftaeeJ@ wpfcrk S rvdkuaf vsmEdik yf gb;l ? usaemfwu,fq&GJ wJh a&yH;k (900)udk pm&Guaf y:rSm &du
k Ef ySd rf S usaemhv
f ufrw
S f
xd;k ay;Edik rf mS yg? axmifyidk }f uD;wdk@ taeeJ@ usaemf&h x
Jh u
G q
f cdk suaf wGudk oHo, &Sw
d ,f qd&k if/ jzpfEidk facsr&Sb
d ;l qd&k if
usaemfx
h u
G q
f cdk suaf wGudk &yfp+J yD; a&qGaJ vbmuswJh tusO;f om; aemufwpfa,mufudk ac:,lar;jref;Edik fygw,f? olwdk@uadk r;vnf;
usaemfajymwJh ta&twGuf wdik ;f yJajym rSmyg/ 'gawG[m }udKwifprD x
H m;vdk@ &wmr[kwyf gb;l
'DtcgrmS awmh ppfaq;a&;tzGJhu bmrSjyefrar;awmhyJ jynfaxmifrLS ;u vufEySd pf uf p&dkuv
f u
dk yf g awmhw,f? OD;jrifhoed ;f u
ar;cGe;f udk jyefpar;ygw,f?
o&ufaxmifrmS a&qGzJ ;l ygovm;
usaemftif;pdeaf xmifu ajymif;vmuwnf;u (1)aqmifa&qGt
J vkyu
f swJh oljzpfygw,f
wpfae@udk a&b,favmufq&GJ vJ
a&*gv(H 20)0if yH;k eJ@ wpfae@udk a&yH;k (900)qG&J ygw,f
a&qGw
J t
Jh cgrmS tjcm;tusO;f om;awG ygovm;/ 5(n)tr_awGcsn;f yJ cdik ;f wmvm;
5(n)tr_awGcsn;f yJ cdik ;f wmyg? tjcm;tusO;f om;awGudk jypf'%fjzpfrS cdik ;f wmyg
a&qG&J wJt
h cgrmS yifyef;ovm;
usaemfa&qG&J mrSm yifyef;vGe;f vdk@ aq;&Ho
k dk@ wufa&mufuo
k cH&zl;ygw,f
eJeyJ g;yg;awmh yifyef;rSmaygu
h mG / rif;wdk@tvkyrf vkyyf J b,fou
l xrif; tvum;au|;rSmvJ? rif;wdk@udk
ppfc&Hk ;Hk utrdef@csuwnf;u tvky=f urf;eJ@axmif'%f owfrw
S x
f m;wm r[kwv
f m;
[kwyf gw,f/ usaemfwdk@ucdk dki;f wJh tvkyu
f awmfawmfyifyef;ygw,f? xrif;vnf; 0atmifr au|;awmh tm[m&csKd wJ+h yD;
tvkyyf ifyef;wJ'h %fudk rcHEidk yf gbl;
axmifxrJ mS jypf'%fjzpf&if t&du
k cf &H r,f/ jypf'%frjzpf&if t&du
k rf cH&bl;qdw
k m [kwo
f vm;
'Dar;cGe;f [m
usaemfu
h dk
yxruwnf;u
ar;wJah r;cGe;f jzpfygw,f?
'Dar;cGe;f udk
ajzzdk@
usaemfrodw/Jh
usaemfr&Si;f wJt
h csut
f csKd udk ar;jref;cGijfh yKzdk@ awmif;qdv
k u
dk yf gw,f? tJ'guawmh axmifxrJ mS &Sw
d pJh nf; urf;awGeJ@ ywfouf+yD;
jypf'%fay;yHu
k dk r&Si;f vif;vdk@ ar;jref;wmawGyjJ zpfygw,f?
( pum;csy?f
? axmifxu
J adk &mufvmwJh tusO;f om;awGxrJ mS &oif&h xdu
k w
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fh a&;awG qH;k &_;H &wmeJ@ywfouf+yD;
axmifOya'eJ@tnD
Edik fiaH &;r_rsm;[m
wpfpu
dk rf wfrwfawmif;qdw
k ifjy=uygw,f?
wpfcgu
tif;pdeaf xmifrmS
Edik if aH &;tusO;f orm;wpfa,muf[m axmiftm%mydik af wG&Jh bufvu
dk rf a_ wGudk rauseyfvdk@ tusO;f axmifvufpGJ Oya'(Burma
jail
munual) eJ@rudu
k n
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74

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77

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78

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79

rvdik o
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---80

rEWav;uae a&$bt
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81

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85

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104

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105

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106

trsm;jynfow
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bk&m;wynfah wmfwm;wmudk t&Sib
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riJ!
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omoemtwGuf &J0jH ywfom;pGm ppftm%mydik af wGeJ@ ajymqdq
k ufq+H yD; oHCmacgi;f aqmifyo
D pGm ajz&Si;f Edik fcw
Jh mudk awG@jrif&ygw,f?
1990 jynfEh pS af wGrmS rEWav;+rdK@rmS ae@pOf/ tywfpOf 'Dru
dk a&pD ae@x;l ae@jrwfawGrmS ppftpd;k &qef@usiaf &;udk
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f rd ;f ,lwmawG/
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aemufyidk ;f Edik fiw
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k af wGrmS aexdik cf Jyh gw,f? bke;f }uD;ausmif;wku
d af wGudk oH&;kH vdk@ac:&jcif;u ppfwyfeJ@
ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;wdk@&J@
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bke;f }uD;ausmif;wdu
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h dk@ jzpfygw,f?
1990 jynfah &G;aumufyrGJ wdik fcifrmS tar&duefo&H ;kH u yxrEdik if aH &;twGi;f 0ef rEWav;udk a&mufvm+yD; rEWav;+rdK@u
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H iG ;f bmoma&;tajctae qd;k &Gm;aer_awGudk tao;pdwf
avhvmygw,f? 1990 jynfh =o*kwv
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csucf si;f jyefwufomG ;+yD; q&mawmfO;D a&0weJ@ awG@qu
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aoG;ajrusre_ J@yufouf+yD; q&mawmfu oufaocHtaxmuftxm;awG usaemfu
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107

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108

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110

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