2554

6 .. 2549-2550 3 5 12
61.4 80.6 56.9 (1 )

(2 )
(topical effect)
(systemic effect)
(enhancement of tooth mineralization)
(reversal of tooth demineralization) 1
(ppm) (remineralization)
100 ppm (Hydroxyapatite)
(Fluoroapatite) (Hydroxyfluoroapatite)
100 (Calcium fluoride)
-
(Critical pH) 4.5 - 5.5
(3-4)

1.
- (Self - applied fluoride)
(Fluoride toothpaste) (Fluoride
mouthrinse) (Fluoride supplement)
- (Professional applied fluoride)
(Fluoride gel application)
(Fluoride varnish application)
2. (Water fluoridation)
(Fluoridated milk)

 2554

(Dental fluorosis)
2549-2550 5.8
(Fluorosis Community Index or FCI) (1 )

25(5)
2


1 2
(6)

1

< 3

(ppm)
500

3 6

500 1000

> 6

1000 (+)

(Smear )
5 .
(Pea-size)
1-2 .

28(7)
0.05% Sodium fluoride (NaF) 0.2% Sodium fluoride
1-2

> 6 ()

 2554

5-10 1
30

6 (8)
(very mild to mild fluorosis)

()

1.
0.05-0.07
1
www.thaidental.net
www.dental.anamai.moph.go.th
0.12 0.4
0.7

2. 2
2

< 3
3 6
> 6 -16

(ppm)
<0.3
0.3-0.5
>0.5
0.25 ./
0
0
0.5 ./
0.25 ./
0
1.0 ./
0.50 ./
0
3

 2554

120
5 1

0.5
/ 0.25 1 1

1. (gel)
28(9)
1.23 % Acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) 12.3 mgF/ml 2 % Sodium fluoride (NaF) 9.04 mgF/ml
3
()

4


tray
5

-
- 30
- (porcelain) (resin) Sodium
fluoride Acidulated phosphate fluoride

2.
46 33 (10)
5%Sodium fluoride (2.26%F)
4

 2554

< 3 ()

- ulcerative gingivitis stomatitis

-
(periodontal dressing)
(adhesive) Colophony

-
-

- 2-4

(Water fluoridation)

0.5 (11)
(Fluoridated milk)
The Borrow Foundation(12)



Sodium fluoride
( 3) 0.5
200

(13-15)
1.
(DMFT)
5

 2554

( 12
: 0.0-1.1 : 1.2-2.6 : 2.7-4.4 : 4.5-6.5 : >6.6)
2.
3.

4.

.. - .. 2553

(%)

338,638

100*

35,000

77.78**

190,400

84.9**

8,000

8.54*

42,332

87.22*

77,310

61.83**

691,680

*
**

 2554

1. Ministry of Public Health in Thailand, Department of Health, Oral Health Division: The 6th National
Oral Health Survey in Thailand [Online]. Available from: http://www.moph.go.th.
2. Mani SA. Evidence-based clinical recommendations for fluoride use: a review. Archives of Orofacial
Sciences 2009; 4(1):1-6.
3. Ten Cate JM, Van Loveren C. Fluoride mechanisms. Dent Clin of North Am 1999; 43: 713-42.
4. Fertherstone JD. Prevention and reversal of dental caries: role of low level fluoride. Community Dent
Oral Epidemiol 1999; 27:31-40.
5. Twetman S, Axelsson S, Dahlgren H, et al. Caries-preventive effect of fluoride toothpaste: a
systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand 2003; 61(6):347-55.
6. Evans RW, Stamm JW. An epidemiologic estimate of the critical period during which human
maxillary central incisors are most susceptible to fluorosis. J Public Health Dent 1991; 51(4):251-9.
7. Marinho VC, Higgins JP, Logan S, Sheiham A. Fluoride mouthrinses for preventing dental caries in
children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003; 3:CD002284.
8. Ismail AI, Hasson H. Fluoride supplements, dental caries and fluorosis: A systematic review. J Am
Dent Assoc 2008; 139:1457-68.
9. Marinho VC. Evidence-based effectiveness of topical fluorides. Adv Dent Res 2008; 20(1):3-7.
10. Marinho V, Higgins L, Sheiham A, Logan S. Fluoride varnishes for preventing dental caries in
children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;3:CD002279.
11. .
17-18 2532.
2532: 66-73.
12. The Borrow Foundation. Why fluoridate milk? http://www.borrowfoundation.org/html/why.asp
13. Marinho VC. Cochran reviews of randomized trials of fluoride therapies for preventing dental caries.
Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2009; 10:183-91.
14. WHO. Milk fluoridation-background. WHO Oral Health Country/Area Profile Program. WHO
collaborating Centre, Malm University, Sweden.
[available at:http://www.whocollab.od.mah.se/wpro/china/data/milkfluoridebackgr.html]
15. Stephen KW, Banoczy J, Pakhomov GN. Ed. Milk fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries.
World Health Organization/Borrow Dental Milk Foundation; Geneva.