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) (

( n *) x a x n x a x :
lim x = 0

lim x n = 0

x0
>

x 0

=0
=0

x = +

lim

x - x n

1
=0
x

lim

x + x n

lim

x +

lim

x +

n :

n :

lim x n = +

lim x n = +

x +

x +

lim x n = -

lim x n = +

x -

= +

= +

x -

= +

lim

x 0 xn
>

= -

lim

x 0 xn
<

lim

x 0 xn
>

lim

x 0 xn
<

+ : -
+ -

+ -

x a u ( x ) :

) lim u ( x

)u(x

x x0

l 0

lim

x x0

l
+

x 0 x 0 + -
6

u ( x ) f ( x ) V ( x )

lim u ( x ) = l
lim f ( x ) = l
x x0
x x0

lim V ( x ) = l
x x0

f ( x ) - l V ( x )

lim f ( x ) = l
lim V ( x ) = 0 x x 0

x x0

u(x) V(x)

u(x) f (x)

lim f x = -
lim V ( x ) = - x x 0 ( )

x x0

lim f x = +
lim u ( x ) = + x x 0 ( )

x x0

- + x 0 x 0

:
:
lim f ( x )

lim g ( x )

l'

lim f ( x ) + g ( x )

l + l'

x x0
x x0

x x0

:
lim f ( x )

lim g ( x )

l'

lim f ( x ) g ( x )

l l'

x x0
x x0

x x0

l<0

l>0

:
lim f ( x )

x x0

lim g ( x ) l' 0

x x0

lim

x x0

f (x)

g(x)

l
l'

l<0
0-

0+

l>0
0-

0+

-
0-

0+

+
0-

0+

+ - - + + - - +

- + x 0 x 0

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