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Case Discussion:
Airborne Express
Prof. Jan W. Rivkin
Synopsis
Despite being one-ninth the size of its largest rival in an industry with significant economies of scale, Airborne survived for years and, at times, prospered.
It did so by targeting a subset if customers with particular needs and tailoring its every activity to meet those needs uniquely well. The differences in activities between Airborne and its rivals created a 20% cost advantage for Airborne.
The express mail industry in the United States is dominated by FedEx and UPS, who hold 70% market share. Small players have struggled. Emery/Purolator and BAX were pushed to the periphery of the market, and Roadway Global Air exited the business after losing hundreds of millions of dollars. Why is this such a tough market for small players?
Why are there benefits of being big in this business?
It looks very costly to ship a handful of units. Yet FedEx entered this business at a very small scale (186 packages the first night) and even started to make money at a small scale. How do we make sense of that?
How would you characterize the competition between FedEX and UPS? Why is the rivalry between these two companies so fierce?