TRANSFORMING VERBS AND ADJECTIVES INTO NOUNS

VERBS are ACTIONS ADJECTIVES DESCRIBE NOUNS SUFFIX is an ADDITION that makes a VERB or ADJECTIVE change from its actual function to another one.

Sufx added to a verb (V), noun (N) or adjective (A) ! VERBS Suf x -tion -sion -er Meaning action/instance of V-ing Examples noun

alteration, demonstration expansion, inclusion, admission

person who V-s advertiser, driver something used computer, silencer for V-ing

-ment action/instance of V-ing -ant -ent -age -al

development, punishment, unemployment student

person who V-s assistant, consultant action/result of V action/result of V

breakage, wastage, package denial, proposal, refusal, dismissal

-ence action/result of -ance V -ery/ry action/instance of V-ing place of V-ing

preference, dependence, interference attendance, acceptance, endurance bribery, robbery, misery renery, bakery

- Anahuac admits students for a fee. The admission fee is 100 dls a month - Coca Cola advertises their products in commercials Coca Colas advertiser strategy is to promote their products in commercials - People used to punish robbers by hanging them. The punishment for robbing was the hanging - We all study to be better people Students work to be better people - We packed lots of clothing for our trip The package has lots of items for our trip - The young man was dismissed for his indiscretion Indiscretion requires dismissal. - I like when people prefer us because of our products Peoples preference is very satisfying. - My mom baked 3 cakes

My moms bakery made 3 cakes

ADJECTIVES Suf x -ity Meaning state or quality of being A Examples

ability, similarity, responsibility, curiosity darkness, preparedness, consciousness urgency, efciency, frequency importance, independence, obedience

-ness state or quality of being A -cy state or quality of being A

-ence state or quality -ance of being A

- Octavios students are very responsible! It is the students responsibility to deliver homework on time - The dark room scared me a lot I hate darkness because it scares me too much - People is very efcient when they speak another language Speaking another language shows efciency - Mexico is an independent country Mexicos independence happened in the 1800s


Word formation
Formal written English uses nouns more than verbs. For example, judgement rather than judge, development rather than develop, admiration rather than admire. - There appeared to be evidence of differential treatment of children. - This is reected in our admiration for people who have made something of their lives, sometimes against great odds, and in our somewhat disappointed judgment of those who merely drift through life. - All airelds in the country would be nationalised, and the government would continue with the development of new aircraft as recommended by the Brabazon Committee. Associated with nominalisation is the occurrence of prepositional phrases, introduced by of: judgment of those treatment of children development of new aircraft -tion is the most common sufx used in this way. For example: alteration, resignation. However others are: -ity ability, similarity, complexity; -ness blindness, darkness, preparedness; -ment development, encouragement; -ship friendship; -age mileage; -ery robbery, bribery; -al arrival; -ance assistance, resemblance

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