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315/ !

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Audio Interchange File Format

316/ !

MPEG

Moving Pictures Experts Group

317/ !

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Audio Video Interleave

318/ !

HTML

Hyper Text Markup Language

319/ !

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Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

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351/ !

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1982

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1995

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473/ int lkqh<Hgt<!-Vl!w{<Ljxbqz<!16gpl;!ucujlh<hqz<!-Vk<kh<hMgqe<xe/!
474/ uzlqVf<K!-mlig!dt<t!26!hqm<Mgt<!kjpg;Gfis!-Vk<kh<!hbe<hMgqe<xe/!
475/ Yi<!int!-e!lixqbqz<!-Vk<kh<hMl<!ohVl!lkqh<H!+32767!sqXl!lkqh<H!-32768/!
476/ 27uK!hqm<!cr;rkjpg;G gpl< (Most Significatn Bit)!nz<zK!Fwp gpl;!(Sign Bit) weh<hMgqxK/!
477/ 27uK!hqm<!1!weqz<!nu<ou{<!wkqi<lw{<?!0!weqz<!Ofi<l!w{<!NGl</!

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www.kalvisolai.com - 18 of 28.
478/ lixqgjt! nxquqg<Gl<! OhiOk! nkqz<! Gxqh<hqm<m! lkqh<H! -Vk<kh<hMujk! njhlf;f

kjpg;gpUj;jy;!)okimr<gq!juk<kz<*!we<gqOxil</!
479/ yV!Ogijubqz<!-ml<ohXl<!kvUgtqe<!-el<!fqvz<!ohbi<h<hqbiz<!lix<xh<hMuK!cs;Siw

,dkhw;wk; weh<hMgqxK/!
47:/ sizeof osbz<Gxq?! kvh<hMl<! Ogiju! nz<zK! kvuqek<kqe<! ntuqje! jhm<Mgtqz<!

uqjmbigk<!kVl</!
481/ yV! lixqbqz<! -Vk<kqjug<gh<hm<Mt<t! lkqh<hqe<! kvuqek<jk! lix<xqh<! hbe<hMk<Kl<!

osbzig<gl<!,dkhw;wk;!weh<hMgqxK/!
482/ wf<k!kvuqek<jkBl<!Sm<Mgqe<x!Sm<M!nghJepiyr;Rl;L!(Generic Pointer) weh<hMgqxK/!
483/ Rl;L

khwpfs<! )Pointer Variables) nju! Sm<Ml<! lixqbqe<! kvuqek<OkiM! yk<kqVh<hK!

gm<mibliGl</!

ghlk; -3. mbg;gilf; $w;Wfs;

!
484/ C++ olipqbqZt<t!nch<hjmg<!%x<Xgt<!tpy;iyfisg;!hbe<hMk<kq!dVuig<gh<hMgqe<xe/!
485/ lixqgtqz<! kvUgjt! -Vk<kq! jug<g! ,uz;L! Ljxgt<! dt<te/! )lkqh<hqVk<K! %x<X!

&zl<?!-bg<gOfvk<kqz<!dt<tQmigh<!ohXkz<!&zl<*/!
486/ uqjsh<!hzjg!upqbig!kvUgjt!dt<tQmigh<!ohx!cin we<El<!ohiVt<!hbe<hMgqxK/!
487/ cs;sPl;Lj;jhiu!

we<hK!

nch<hjm!

dt<tQm<Ms<sikelie!

uqjsh<hzjgbqzqVf<K!

ohxh<hMl<!kvUgjtg<!Gxqg<gqe<xK/!
488/ cin! we<El<! ohiVjth<hx<xqb! nxquqh<Hgt<! istream.h! we<El<! kjzh<Hg<! Ogih<hqz<!

kvh<hm<Mt<te/!
489/ nch<hjm! dt<tQm<M?! outqbQm<Ms<! osbz<hiMgt<! istream.h, ostream.h! Ngqb! kjzh<Hg<!

Ogih<Hgtqz<!ujvbXg<gh<hm<Mt<te/!
48:/ istream.h, ostream.h! Ngqb! -v{<ce<! he<Hg<%XgjtBl<! iostream.h! we<El<! kjzh<Hg<!

Ogih<H!ke<egk<Ok!ogi{<Mt<tK/!
491/ jiyg;Gf;Nfhg;G!

Le<ujvbXg<gh<hm<m!

osbz<%Xgtqe<!

njek<K!

nch<hjm!

nxquqh<HgjtBl<!ujvbjxgjtBl<!ogi{<Mt<tK/!
492/ Kd;nrayp! ofxqBXk<kk<jkh<! hbe<hMk<kq?! yV! kjzh<Hg<Ogih<hqje! fqvzqz<! -j{k<Kg<!

ogit<t!-bZl</!
493/ Le<osbzq!ofxqBXk<kl<!#!we<e!GxqBme<!okimr<Gl</!
494/ >>!we<El<! osbz<Gxq!juT <h;g;G!)extraction)!nz<zK!juT ngWk;! )get from)!osbx<Gxq!

NGl</!
495/ >>! osbz<Gxq?! keg<G! -mh<HxLt<t! kijvh<ohiVtqzqVf<K! kvU! lkqh<Hgjt! wMk<K?!

uzh<HxLt<t!lixqbqz<!-Vk<Kl</!
496/ cout we<hK!nch<hjm!outqbQm<Mk<!kijvg<oge!Le<ujvbXg<gh<hm<Mt<t!ohiVt<!NGl</!
497/ nch<hjm!outqbQm<Mk<kijv!jpiuf;fhl;rp!bigh<!hib<gqxK/!

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www.kalvisolai.com - 19 of 28.
498/ <<!we<El<!osbz<Gxq!juT tpLg;G!)insertion)!nz<zK!juT jUk<!(put to)!osbz<Gxq!NGl</!
499/ <<! osbz<Gxq! keg<G! uzh<HxLt<t! yV! lixqbqe<! lkqh<jh! -mh<hg<gLt<t! ohiVtqz<! -Vk<kq!
jug<Gl</!
49:/ fqvjz!-bg<Gl<!ohiPK!main()!osbz<%X!kieigOu!osbz<hMk<kh<hMl</!
4:1/ lixqgt<?!

osbz<%Xgt<?!

kvuqer<gjt!

nxquqh<hkx<G!

mwptpg;Gf;

$w;Wfs;!

hbe<hMgqe<xe/!
4:2/ yV! lixqjb! nxquqg<Gl<! ohiPOk! fqjeugl<! yKg<gh<hm<miz<! nf<k! nxquqh<H! tiuaiw!

weh<hMl</!
4:3/ nch<hjmk<!kvuqer<gtqz<!yV!lixqjb!nxquqg<Gl<!ohiPOk!epidtfk;!yKg<gh<hMgqxK/!
4:4/ Rl;L!

-elixqgt<!

nxquqg<gh<hMl<!

OhiK!

ujvbXg<gh<hMukqz<jz!

)fqjeugl<!

yKg<gh<hMukqz<jz*/!new!osbx<Gxq!&zl<!fqjeug!yKg<gQm!osb<b!LcBl</!
4:5/ =!we<hK!kjpg;gpUj;J!osbz<Gxq!NGl</!
4:6/ kjpg;gpUj;J

$w;W?! Ogijubqe<! uzh<HxLt<t! lkqh<jh! -mh<HxLt<t! yV! lixqbqz<!

-Vk<KgqxK/!
4:7/ gm<Mh<hiM! fqvzqe<! yV! hGkqbqzqVf<k! lx<oxiVhGkqg<G! kiu! dkUl<! %x<Xgt<!

fl;Lg;ghl;L $w;Wfs<!nz<zK!fl;Lg;ghl;L fl;likg;Gfs;!weh<hMgqe<xe/!

4:8/ gm<Mh<him<M! %x<Xgt<! jPh;khdpg;G $w;Wfs;! )Oki<f<okMh<H*?! klf;Ff; $w;Wfs<! we! -V!

ujgh<hMl</!
4:9/ fqhf<kje! -ml<ohXl<! -mk<jkh<! ohiVk<K! lmg<Ggjt! EioT

Nrhjpg;G

klf;F?!

ntspNawy; Nrhjpg;G klf;F!we!-Vujgbigh<!hqiqg<gzil</!

4::/ C++! olipqbqz<! %d;W! ujgbie! lmg<G! %x<Xgt<! dt<te/! nju! for(), while(), dowhile().!

511/ yV!fqvzqz<! fhf<kje!nch<hjmbqzie!kQi<lieqh<H!fqvzqe<! OuXhGkqg<G!xUKiwj;jhty;!

fjmohx!giv{ligqe<xK/!
512/ if!%x<xieK!if!lx<Xl<!if-else!we!-Vucur<gtqz<!hbe<hMk<kh<hMgqxK/!
513/ -v{<M!lix<X!upqgTt<!ye<jxk<!Oki<f<okMg<g!if-else!%x<X!dkUgqe<xK/!
514/ yV! lixqbqe<! lkqh<H! nch<hjmbqz<?! hz<OuX! gqjth<! hqiqUgtqz<! yV! gqjth<hqiquqZt<t!

gm<mjtk<!okiGqkqjb!fqjxOux<x!switch!%x<X!dkUgqe<xK/!
515/ yV! if-else! gm<mjt! njlh<hqx<Gt<! lx<oxiV! if! gm<mjt! njlf<kiz<! nK! gpd;dyhd! if
(nested if)!weh<hMl</!

516/ switch!%x<X!gqjthqiqh<Hg<!%x<X!weh<hMgqxK/!
517/ Gxqh<hqm<m! osbz<him<Mk<! okiGkq! fqjxOux<xh<hm<mUme<! switch! %x<jx! uqm<M! outqObx!
break!gm<mjt!dkUgqe<xK/!

518/ klf;Ffs;!

yV! gm<mjtk<! okiGkqjb! Gxqh<hqm<! kmjugt<! kqVl<hk<! kqVl<h!

fqjxOux<Xgqe<xe/!
519/ yV! lmg<Gk<! okiGkq! clw;gFjp?! fl;Lg;ghl;L

$w;W! we! -V! hGkqgjtg<!

ogi{<Mt<tK/!

N.S.Hr.Sec.School, Theni

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www.kalvisolai.com - 20 of 28.
51:/ yV! lmg<gqe<! dmx<hGkqbqe<! -Xkqbqz<! fqhf<kje! kvh<hMlibqe<! gm<mjtk<! okiGkq!

XUKiwNaDk;!fqjxOux<xh<hMl</!
521/ outqObxz<!Osikqh<H!lmg<gqx<G!wMk<Kg<gim<M!do-while()!lmg<giGl</!
522/ FjpU!Osikqh<H!lmg<gqx<G!wMk<Kg<gim<M!while()!lx<Xl<!for()!NGl</!
523/ yV!osbz<him<jm!Gxqh<hqm<m!kmjugt<!fqjxOux<Xukx<G!for()!lmg<G!dkUgqe<xK/!
524/ for! lmg<gqz<! fqhf<kje! hiqOsikqg<gh<hMukx<G! Le<hig! fl;Lg;ghl;L

khwpapd;! lkqh<H!

lqGg<gh<hMl</!
525/ continue!%x<X!lmg<gqje!nMk<k!Spx<sqg<G!wMk<Ks<!osz<Zl</!
526/ Gxqh<hqm<m! slbk<kqz<! lmg<gqje! Lck<K! juh<hkx<G! )outqObx*! break! %x<X!

dkUgqe<xK/!
527/ yV! lmg<gqe<! dm<hGkqbqz<! lx<oxiV! lmg<G! njlBlieiz<! nK! gpd;dyhd klf;F!

weh<hMl</!
528/ dbi<fqjz!olipqbqz<!wMkh<hMl<!fqvz<!%yf;FwpKiw!(source program) weh<hMgqxK/!
529/ wf<kqv!olipqbqz<!ucuqz<!lix<xh<hm<m!fqvz<!,yf;FNfhg;G!weh<hMgqxK/!
52:/ &zg<GxqLjxbqzqVf<K!

wf<kqvolipqg<G! lix<xl<! osb<Bl<! olipqohbi<h<H! fqvz<gt<!

epuy;ngah;g;gpfs;!weh<hMl</!
531/ -zg<G! Ogih<Hme<! Okjubie! Fizg! Ogih<Hgt<! okimi<HXk<kh<hm<M! ,af;F

epiyf;

Nfhg;G!(executable) dVuig<gh<hMgqxK/!
532/ &zg<GxqLjx!dt<t!fqvzqe<!fQm<sqh<ohbi<!.cpp!
533/ -zg<G!Ogih<hqe<!fQm<sqh<ohbi<!.obj!
534/ -bg<Gfqjzg<!Ogih<hqe<!fQm<sqh<ohbi<!.exe!
535/ epuy;ngah;g;gp!olipqbqe<!-zg<g{k<jk!)gm<mjt!njlh<jh*!siqhii<g<gqxK/!
536/ hqjpbqz<zi!&zg<GxqLjxbqzqVf<Ok!,yf;Ff; Nfhg;G!(object file) dVuig<gh<hMgqxK/!
537/ dt<lmg<G?!outqlmg<G!-v{<Ml<!yOv!fl;Lg;ghl;L!lixqjb!juk<Kg<ogit<t!-bziK/!

!
ghlk; - 4 nray;$Wfs;(Functions)
!
538/ C++!olipqbqe<!gm<mjlh<Hg<!%Xgt<!nray;$Wfs;!NGl</!
539/ yV!fqvjzs<!osbz<hMk<Kukx<gie!okimg<gh<Ht<tq!main()!osbz<%X!NGl</!
53:/ osbz<%X!epuypd<!fQtk<jk!Gjxg<gqe<xe/!
541/ nray;$W!GxqLjx!lXhbeig<gk<kqx<G!dkUgqe<xe/!
542/ return %x<X!osbz<%xqe<!Lcjus<!Sm<MgqxK/!
543/ fqvzqz<! hbe<hMk<kh<hMukx<G!Le<hig!osbz<%X!nxquqg<gh<hMuK!nray;$W Kd;tbT!

weh<hMgqxK/!
544/ yV!osbz<%xqje!nxquqg<Gl<!OhiKl<?!ujvbXg<Gl<!OhiKl<!Le<ucUme<!%cb!thh;g;GU!

hbe<hMk<kh<hMgqxK/!
545/ osbz<%X!nxquqh<hqz<!Gxqh<hqmh<hMl<!osbZVHgt<!khjphp khwpfs;!weh<hMgqxe<xe/!

N.S.Hr.Sec.School, Theni

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www.kalvisolai.com - 21 of 28.
546/ Le<ucuqz<!Gxqh<hqmh<hMl<!lixqgt<!ouXl<!,lk; czh;j;jpfshfNt!Gxqh<hqmh<hMgqe<xe/!
547/ osbz<%X! ujvbjxbqz<! Gxqh<hqmh<hMl<! ntHVg<gt<! Kiwahd

msGUf;fs;! )formal

parameters*!weh<hMgqe<xe/!

548/ osbz<%X! njph<Hg<! %x<xqz<! Gxqh<hqmh<hMl<! ntHVg<gt<! nka;ahd msGUf;fs;! )actual

parameters)!weh<hMgqe<xe/!

549/ kjpg;G %yk;! njpk<kz<! Ljxbqz<?! Ljxbie! ntHVg<gtqz<! osb<bh<hMl<! lix<xr<gt<!

olb<bie!ntHVg<gtqz<!hqvkqhzqh<hkqz<jz/!
54:/ Gxqh<H!

&zl<!

njpk<kzqz<!

Ljxbie!

ntHVg<gt<!

olb<bie!

ntHVg<gtqe<!

ntHVg<gt<!

olb<bie!

ntHVg<gtqe<!

khw;Wg;ngah;fshf!osbz<hMgqe<xe/!
551/ Gxqh<H!

&zl<!

njpk<kzqz<!

Ljxbie!

epidtfq;fis!Sm<Mgqe<xe/!
552/ Fwpg;G %yk;!njpk<kz<!Ljxbqz<?!Ljxbie!ntHVg<gtqz<!osb<bh<hMl<!wf<k!lix<xLl<!

olb<bie!ntHVg<gtqz<!hqvkqhzqg<Gl</!
553/ yV!osbz<%xqe<!njph<Hg<!%x<xqz<!sqz!ntHVg<gjt!uqm<MuqmOui!nz<zK!ntHVg<gt<!

-z<zilz<!njpg<gOui!Kd;dpay;G!osbz<%Xgt<!dkUgqe<xe/!
554/ nka;ahd! ntHVg<gt<! -z<jzobeqz<?! Ljxbie! ntHVg<gt<! Le<eqbz<H! lkqh<Hgjt!

wMk<Kg<ogit<Tl</!
555/ C++!olipqbqz<!Le<eqbz<hig!yV!osbz<%X!kqVh<hqbEh<Hl<!kvuqel<!int!NGl</!
556/ yV!

Gxqh<H!

-es<osbz<%xqe<!

Ljxbie!

ntHVg<gt<!

wh<OhiKl<!

Fwpg;G,d!

ntHVg<gtigOu!-Vg<g!Ou{<Ml</!
557/ inline!

osbz<%Xgt<!

Ougligs<!

osbz<hMl<?!

Neiz<!

nkqg!

fqjeugk<jk!

wMk<Kg<ogit<Tl</!
558/ inline!osbz<%Xgt<!osbz<%xqje!hkqzqmz<!Ljxbqz<!osbz<hMgqe<xe/!
559/ tiunay;iy!we<hK!yV!lixqbqe<!n[gqbz<jhg<!Gxqg<gqe<xK/!
55:/ C++!olipqbqz<!ehd;F!ujgbie!ujvobz<jzgt<!dt<te/!
561/ cs;sik!lixqgt<!yV!okiGkqg<Gt<!ujvbXg<gh<hMgqe<xe/!
562/ yV!osbz<%xqe<!Ljxbie!ntHVg<gtqe<!ujvobz<jz!nray;$W!ujvobz<jz!ogi{<mju/!
563/ main()!osbz<%Xg<G!OlOz!nxquqg<gh<hMl<!lixq!Ogih<H!ujvobz<jz!ogi{<mju/!
564/ Nfhg;G!ujvobz<jz!ogi{<m!lixqbqe<!ujvobz<jz!nf<k!fqvzqe<!LPjlBl<!uqiqgqxK/!
565/ tiunay;iy!

osbz<Gxq!

yV!

lixqbqe<!

ljxf<K!

gqmg<Gl<!

ujvobz<jzjb!

outqg<ogi{Vl</!
566/ ::!we<hK!tiunay;iy!kQi<lieqh<Hs<!osbz<Gxq!NGl</!
567/ olb<bie! ntHVg<gt<?! Ljxbie! ntHVg<gTme<! xd;Wf;F xd;W! we<x! nch<hjmbqz<!

ohiVk<kh<hMl</!
!
ghlk; - 5 fl;likg;Gj;jutpdk; mzpfs; (Arrays)
568/ n{q!)Array*!we<hK!jUtpf;fg;gl;l!kvuqel<!NGl</!

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www.kalvisolai.com - 22 of 28.
569/ mzp! we<hK! yOv! kvuqek<jks<! Osi<f<k! lixqgtqe<! kqvm<M! NGl</n{qbqe<! dXh<Hgjt!

yV!nghJg;ngauhy;!Gxqh<hqm!-bZl</!
56:/ n{qbqz<!xU ghpkhd!)Single Dimensional*?!gyghpkhd mzp!we!-Vujggt<!d{<M/!
571/ Gxqh<hqm<m!w{<{qg<jgbqz<!yOv!-e!dXh<Hgjtg<!ogi{<mK!xUghpkhd!n{q!NGl</!
572/ Gxqh<hqm<m! w{<{qg<jgbqz<?! yVhiqlie! n{qgjt! dXh<Hgtigg<! ogi{<mK! gyghpkhd!

n{q!NGl</!
573/ n{qbqe<!dXh<oh{<{qg<jg!wh<OhiKl<!Neh;k!)Positive*!w{<{ig!-Vg<Gl</!
574/ n{qbqe<! yu<ouiV! dXh<jhBl<! n{qbqe<! ohbi<?! n{qbqz<! dXh<hqe<! ,l

,Ug;G!

)position*!(fPnohl;L!.!subscript*!&zl<!n[gzil</!
575/ n{qbqe<!fPnohl;L!wh<OhiKl<!1!z<!okimr<Gl</!
576/ Yi<! n{qbqZt<t! kvUgjt! WXLglig! nz<zK! -xr<GLglig! uiqjsh<hMk<Kuk!

thpirahf;fk;!)sorting*!weh<hMgqxK/!
577/ svr<gt<! kjpg;GUf;fs;! )literals*! weUl<! njpg<gh<hMgqe<xe/! -ju! yVhiqlie! char!

n{qbig!gVkh<hMgqe<xe/!
578/ yV!char!n{qjb!svlig!jgbit?!nke<!-Xkq!dXh<hig!\0 (null)!GxqBVjug<!Gxqh<hqm!

Ou{<Ml</!
579/ cin! %x<X?! oux<X! -jmoutq! nz<zK! fgi<k<kq! kqVl<hjz! svk<kqe<! =x<xig!

wMk<Kg<ogit<Tl</!
57:/ svlkqh<hqe<!

nr<glig!

-jmoutqgjtBl<!

wMk<Kg<ogit<t!

stdio.h!

Ogih<hqz<!

ujvbXg<gh<hm<Mt<t! gets()! nz<zK! istream! e<! dXh<H! osbz<%xie! getline()! Jh<!

hbe<hMk<k!Ou{<Ml</!
581/ svk<kqe<!dt<tmg<gk<jk!kqjvbqz<!gim<m!,uz;L!upqLjxgt<!dt<te/!
582/ write()!we<hK!nch<hjm!outqbQm<Mk<kijvbie!ostream!e<!dXh<hiGl</!
583/ svk<kqZt<t!wPk<Kg<gtqe<!w{<{qg<jgjbg<!gi{!strlen()!osbz<%X!dkUgqxK/!
584/ &zs<svk<jk!-zg<Gs<svk<kqz<!hcobMg<g!strcpy()!dkUgqxK/!
585/ -v{<Msvr<gjt! yh<hqm! strcpy()! dkUgqxK/! -v{<M! svr<gTl<! sll<! weqz<! 1! we<x!

uqjmjbk<!kVl</!
586/ ,Ughpkhd!n{q!we<hK!yVhiqlie!n{qgjt!dXh<Hgtitg<!ogi{<m!n{qbiGl</!
587/ -Vhiqlie!

n{qbqe<!

dXh<oh{<{qg<jg!

fplf;if(row),

neLf;iffspd<(column)

ohVg<Gk<okijgbiGl</!
588/ n{qbqe<!dXh<Hgt<!fqjeugk<kqz<!njhlh;r;rpahd!-Vh<hqmr<gtqz<!-Vk<kh<hMgqe<xe/!
589/ -Vhiqlie! n{qbqe<! fqjeugg<! ogit<ttU! dXh<Hgtqe<! w{<{qg<jg!
g X! yV!

dXh<Hg<Gk<!Okjubie!fqjeug!ntU!we<
x!uib<him<miz<!g{<g<gqmh<hMgqxK/!
Okjubie!fqjeug!ntU
58:/ okimg<g!lkqh<HgOtiM!n{qjb!nxquqg<Gl<! OhiK!Kjy;! hiqliek<jk!Gxqh<hqm!Ou{<cb!

nusqblqz<jz/!
591/ mzpf;Nfhit! we<hK! mXn! w{<gjt! m! gqmg<gjgtqZl<?! n! ofMg<jgtqZl<! ogi{<m!

yv!osu<ug!n{qbiGl</!

N.S.Hr.Sec.School, Theni

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+2 Computer Science

www.kalvisolai.com - 23 of 28.
592/ ruq;fspd;! n{q! we<hK! yV! -Vhiqlie! char! n{qbiGl</! -ke<! Kjy;

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)gqmg<jg*! svr<gtqe<! w{<{qg<jgjbBl<?! ,uz;lhtJ Rl;nlz;! )ofMg<jg*! svr<gtqe<!

nkqghm<m!fQtk<jkBl<!Gxqg<Gl</!
ghlk; - 6 ,df;Fof;fSk; nghUs;fSk; (Classes & Objects)
593/ sq++!olipqbqe<!lqg!Lg<gqblie!h{<Hg<%X!,df;FO!we<hkiGl</!
594/ sq++ olipqjb! dVuig<gqb! O\e<! ^<m<ovt^<m<vh<! kl<! olipqg<G! Lkzqz<! $m<cb! ohbi<!

,df;FOTld; $ba rp!(C with classes) we<hkiGl</!

595/ kvUgjtBl<! nux<OxiM! okimi<Hjmb! osbz<%XgjtBl<! ye<xigs<! Osi<<k<Kjug<g!

,df;FO!(Class)!ujgosb<gqxK/!
596/ -eg<GP!juT cWg;Gfs;! (Data Members) ?!cWg;Gr;nray;$Wfs; (Member Functions)!

we!-Vujg!dXh<Hgjtg<!ogi{<mK/!
597/ kvU!

dXh<Hgjt!

gz;Gf;$Wfs<!

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we<Xl<!

dXh<Hs<osbz<%Xgjt!

topKiwfs<!(Methods) we<Xl<?!njph<hK{<M/!
598/ -eg<GP!Ng<
Ng<gqgt<?!npqh<hqgt<
qgt!wEl<!keqs<sqxh<hie!osbz<%XgjtBl<!ogi{<Mt<tK/!
599/ Yi<! -eg<GPuqe<! ujvbXh<H! ,df;FO

mwptpg;G?! nray;$W tiuaiw! we! -V!

hGkqgjtg<!ogi{<Mt<tK/!
59:/ -eg<GPuqe<! dmx<hGkq!%d;W!n[gqbz<H!ujvbXh<hqgjtg<! (private, public, protected)

ogi{<Mt<tK/!
5:1/ -eg<GPuqe<!dXh<Hgt<!ohiKuig!Private we<Ox!gVkqg<ogit<Tl</!
5:2/ Private we!nxquqg<gh<hm<m!dXh<Hgjt!nf<k!-eg<GPg<Gt<Otkie<!n[gLcBl</!
5:3/ Protected we!nxquqg<gh<hm<m!dXh<Hgjt!nf<k!-eg<GPg<Gt<Tl<?!nke<!kVuqg<gh<hm<m!

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5:7/ -eg<GPuqe<!dXh<Hgjt!Gs;spr;nray;Fwp!(dot operator) &zl<!n[gzil</!
5:8/ Yi<! -eg<GPuqe<! private

kvUgjt! nOk! -eg<GPuqe<! osbz<%XgTl<?! fm<Hs<!

osbz<%Xgt<!(friend functions) weh<hMl<!sqxh<Hs<osbz<%XgTOl!n[gLcBl</!

5:9/ -eg<GPuqe<!

dXh<Hs<osbz<%Xgjt!

,df;FOTf;F

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5::/ -eg<GPUg<Gt<!ujvbXg<gh<hMl<!osbz<%Xgt<!inline osbz<%Xgjth<Ohiz<!-br<Gl</!
611/ dXh<Hs<osbz<%X!kqVh<hqbEl<Hl<!lkqh<H?!-eg<GPuqe<!nghUshfTk;!-Vg<gzil</!

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612/ yu<ouiV! ohiVt<! dVuig<gh<hMl<OhiKl<! dXh<Hs<osbz<%XgTg<Gk<! keqk<keq! fqjeu!

-ml<! yKg<gh<hMukqz<jz/! dXh<HlixqgTg<Gk<! Okjubie! fqjeug-ml<! lm<Ml<!

yu<ouiV!ohiVTg<
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613/ static kvUdXh<H!nf<k!-eg<GPuqz<! Lkz<! ohiVt<! dVuig<gh<hMl<OhiK!lm<Ml<! 1!we<x!

okimg<g!lkqh<jhohXl</!nke<hqxK!okimg<g!lkqh<hqVk<kh<hMukqz<jz/!
614/ static dXh<Hlixqbqe<!okimg<g!lkqh<H!-eg<GPUg<G!outqOb!-Vk<kh<hMgqxK/!

ghlk; - 7 gy;YUthf;fk; (Polymorphism)

!
615/ Polymorphism we<x! osiz<! hzucur<gt<! wEl<! ohiVjtk<kVgqe<xK/! (Poly-many,
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616/ sq++!

olipqbqz<! hz<ZVuig<gl<! nray;$W

gzpkpFg;G?! nraw;Fwp

gzpkpFg;G!

Ngqbux<xqe<!&zl<!fqjxOux<xh<hMgqxK/!
617/ gzpkpFg;G! (Overloading) we<hK! yOv! ohbi<! ye<Xg<GOlx<hm<m! ouu<OuX! ohiVjt!

d{i<k<Kujkg<!Gxqg<gqxK/!
618/ osb<kq! nz<zK! kvuqje! ye<Xg<G! Olx<hm<m! ucur<gtqz<! osbzig<guz<z! osbz<%xqe<!

kqxjeOb!nray;$W gzpkpFg;G!(Function Overloading) we<gqOxil</!

619/ osbz<%X! h{qlqGh<hqz<! ntHVg<gt<
gt<! w{<{qg<jg! nz<zK! kvuqer<gt<! nch<hjmbqz<
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gzpkpFg;gpy;! fqvz<ohbi<h<hq?! kpfr;rpwe;j

nghUj;jk;! (Best match) wEl<!

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621/ nraw;Fwp gzpkpFg;G! (Operator Overloading) we<hK! sq++! osbx<GxqgTg<Gg<! %Mkzie!

osbz<him<cje!ujvbXh<hkiGl</!
622/ yV! osbx<Gxqg<G! Hkqb! ohiVjt! upr<Gl<! osbz<Fm<hOl! nraw;Fwp

gzpkpFg;G!

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ghlk; - 8 Mf;fpfSk;> mopg;gpfSk; (Constructors & Destructors)

624/ Yi<! -eg<GPuqe<! sie<XV!)ohiVt<*!hbe<him<Mg<G!uVl<OhiK!Mf;fp! )Constructor*!wEl<!

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625/ -eg<GPh<ohiVtqe<! dXh<Hgtqz<! okimg<g! lkqh<hqVk<kUl<?! ohiVTg<G! fqjeugk<kqz<!

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626/ ntHVg<gt<!-z<zik!Ng<gq!jhdikT!Ng<gq!weh<hMgqxK/!
627/ upg<glig!

kiejlU!

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629/ WOkEl<! Yi<! dXh<Hs<osbz<%Xg<G! yV! ohiVjt! ntHVuig! nEh<hqjug<Gl<! OhiK!

efy; Mf;fp!(Copy Constructor) -bg<gh<hMgqxK/!

62:/ mopg;gp! (Destructor)!we<hK?!yV!ohiVjt!dVuig<Gl<! OhiK!Ng<gqbiz<! ohiVTg<oge!

yKg<gh<hMl<!fqjeugh<!hGkqjb!uqMuqg<Gl<!yV!osbz<%xiGl</!
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633/ Yi<!-eg<GPh<!ohiVtqe<!hbe<hiM!LcUg<G!uVl<OhiK?!mopg;gp!kieigOu!-bg<gh<hMl</!

ghlk; - 9 kuGhpkk; (Inheritance)

634/ yV!ohiVt<Ofig<G!olipqbqe<!sg<kquib<f<k!h{<Hg<%X!kuGhpkk;!NGl</!
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641/ nch<hjm!-eg<GPuqe<!dXh<hqje!n[g!::!osbz<Gxqjbh<!hbe<hMk<kzil</!
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643/ n[gqbz<H!ujvbXh<hqjb!fhz;Gepiyg;ghq;F!we<Xl<!%XgqOxil</!
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646/ nch<hjm!-eGPuqe<!Mf;fpfs;!kVuqg<gh<hm<m!-eg<GPuqz<!lvHupq!ohxh<hMukqz<jz/!
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651/ Mf;fpfs;! lvHiqll<! ohx<x! -eg<GPg<gtqe<! uiqjsbqz<! -bg<gh<hMgqe<xe/)nkiuK!

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652/ lvHiqlk<kqz<?!mopg;gpfs;!Le<hqe<!uiqjsbqz<!-bg<gh<hMl</!
653/ hqx!

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kVuqh<hkx<gig!

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654/ fUj;jpay;!-eg<GPg<gjth<!hbe<hMk<kq!ohiVt<gjt!dVuig<g!LcbiK/!
655/ Yi<! nch<hjm! -eg<GP! private we<El<! n[gqbz<Hme<! kVuqg<gh<hMl<! OhiK?! nch<hjm!

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nch<hjm! -eg<GPuqe<! public lx<Xl<! protected dXh<Hgt<?! kVuqg<gh<hMl<! -eg<GPuqz<!

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657/ Yi<! nch<hjm! -eg<GP! public we<El<! n[gqbz<Hme<! kVuqg<gh<hMl<! OhiK?! nch<hjm!

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ghlk; - 10 rKjhaj;jpd; kPJ fzpg;nghwpapd; jhf;fk;
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658/ kguz<! okipqz<Fm<hk<kqe<! hze<! sikiv{! leqki<gjtBl<! ose<xjmbOu{<Moleqz<!

-j{h<hig<gl<?! uqjz! lzquie! g{q<h<ohixq?! ole<ohiVt<! Ngqb! %d;W! okipqz<Fm<hs<!

%Xgt<!Okju/!
659/ -e<jxb!g{qh<ohixqh<!hbe<hiMgtqz<!96%!nrhy;nrayhf;fk;!(word processing) NGl</!
65:/ kvUgjt!Oslqk<K!jug<gUl<?!Olzie<jl!osb<bUl<!dkUuK!juTf;fhg;gfk;!NGl</!
661/ g{qh<ohixq! lblig<gh<hm<m! Gpf<jkgtqe<! njxbqz<! hqe<eeq! -jsObiM! himg<%cb!

fNuhf;fp!uskqBt<t!siker<gt<!-ml<ohxg<%Ml</!
662/ ur<gqbqe<! g{g<gqzqVf<K! wf<k! Ofvk<kqZl<! wf<k! -mk<kqZl<! h{l<! wMk<Kg<ogit<t! ATM
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663/ lg<gt<! uQm<czqVf<khcOb!-j{bk<kqe<! &zl<! ur<gqs<Osjugjt!Fgv!kpd;-tq;fpr;Nrit!

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664/ kpd;-filr;nryT! )e-Shopping*! Ljxbqz<! wf<kh<ohiVjtBl<?! wf<k! fqXuek<kqe<!

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665/ g{qh<ohixq!upqbie!himh<hbqx<sqgt<!CBT (Computer Based Tutorial) weh<hMgqe<xe/!
666/ kpd;-fw;wy;! )e-learning*! Ljxbqz<! -j{bk<kqe<! upqOb! gz<uq! gx<Xh<! himr<gTl<?!

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ghlk; - 11 jfty; njhopy;El;gk; rhh;e;j Nritfs;;

(Information Technology Enabled Services ITES)
668/ hz<OuX! Kjxgtqz<! Osjugtqe<! kvk<jk! Oll<hMk<kqg<ogit<th<! hbeiti<gTg<G! kguz<!

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66:/ u{qgs<! osbzig<g! Hxk<kqxeQm<ml<?! Kclk<! kguz<! dVuig<gl<?! njsU,m<ml<?! leqkut!

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673/ uicg<jgbiti<gTg<G! kguZl<?! dkuqs<OsjugjtBl<! miog;Gjtp ikaq;fs;! upr<gq!

uVgqe<xe</!
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Oslqh<hK?! hqe<! osbzig<GuK! Ngqb! h{qgjt! dt<tmg<gqbK! juT Nkyhd;ik! )Data

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!
682/ -v{<mil<! dzgh<Ohiiqe<! OhiK!ehh;ngh;l; nta;dh;! we<hui<! wPkqb!Fizqz<! Lke<Lkzig!

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----- & ----Prepared By,
S.Ganesh Kumar, B.Sc.,B.Ed.,M.S.I.T.
Please send your feedback to : rsgk05@gmail.com

N.S.Hr.Sec.School, Theni

Page : 28

+2 Computer Science