Chuyn phng trnh, bt phng trnh m v logarit

D n g c b n :
I . K i n t h c c n n h :
1 . D n g ( ) 0 , 1
) ( ) (
> = = b a b a
x g x f
a . N u a = b t h f ( x ) = g ( x ) .
b . N u a b t h l o g a r i t h o c s a h o c b 2 v .
2 . D n g ( ) 0 , 1 ) ( l o g ) ( l o g > = = b a x g x f
b a
.
a . N u a = b t h f ( x ) = g ( x ) > 0 .
b . N u a b v ( a - 1 ) ( b - 1 ) < 1 t h t m n g h i m d u y n h t v c h n g m i n h .
c . N u a b v ( a - 1 ) ( b - 1 ) > 1 t h m h o 2 v .
I I . C c b i t p p d n g :
9 9 . 1 2 5 . 3 . 2
2 1
=
x x x
1 0 0 . x x
3 3 2 2
l o g l o g l o g l o g =
1 0 1 . x x
2 3 4 4 3 2
l o g l o g l o g l o g l o g l o g =
1 0 2 . x x x
3 3 2 3 3 2
l o g l o g l o g l o g l o g l o g = +
1 0 3 . 2 l o g l o g 3 l o g l o g
3 2 x x
>
1 0 4 .
2 ) 4 ( l o g
8
2
x x
x
>
1 0 5 .
x x x
x
l g 2 5 , 4 l g 3 l g
1 0
2 2

=
1 0 6 . 2 ) 1 (
1 1
l o g ) 1 ( l o g
s +
+ +
x x
x x
x x
1 0 7 .
5 l g l g
5 0 5 x
x
=
1 0 8 . 1 2 6
6
2
6
l o g l o g
s +
x x
x
1 0 9 . x
x
=
+ ) 3 ( l o g
5
2
1 1 0 . 1 6 2 3
3
2
3
l o g l o g
= +
x x
x
1 1 1 .
x
x
x

+
=
2
2
3 . 3 6 8
1 1 2 .
2
6 5
3
1
3
1
2 +
+
>
x
x x
1 1 3 .
x x
3 1
1
1 3
1
1

>

+
1 1 4 .
1 3
1
1 2
1
2 2
+

>
x
x
1 1 5 . 2 5 5 1
2
< <
x x
1 1 6 . ( )
( ) 1 2 l o g
l o g
5 , 0
5 , 0
2
2 5
0 8 , 0

|
|
.
|

\
|
>
x
x
x
x
1 1 7 . 4 8 l o g l o g
2 2
s +
x
x
1 1 8 . 1 l o g
5
l o g
2
5 5
= + x
x
x
1 1 9 . ( ) 1 5 l o g . 5 l o g
2 2
5
=
x
x
1 2 0 . 5 l o g 5 l o g
x x
x =
1 2 1 . 4 2 l o g . 4 l o g
2
s i n
s i n
=
x
x
1 2 2 . 1 2 l o g . 4 l o g
2
c o s
c o s
=
x
x
1 2 3 . 5 ) 1 ( l o g 2 ) 1 ( 4 l o g
2
1 ) 1 ( 2
= + + +
+ +
x x
x x
1 2 4 . 0 3 l o g l o g
3 3
< x x
1 2 5 . ( ) | | 0 5 l o g l o g
2
4 3 / 1
> x
1 2 6 . 3 l o g 2 / 5 l o g
3 / 1 x
x > +
1 2 7 . 1 4 l o g . 2 l o g . 2 l o g
2 2
> x
x x
1 2 8 . 0
5
3 4
l o g
2
2
3
>
+
+
x x
x x
1 2 9 . 0
2
1
l o g l o g
2
3
6
>
|
.
|

\
|
+

+
x
x
x
1 3 0 .
6 l o g
1
2 l o g . 2 l o g
2
1 6 /

>
x
x x
1 3 1 . 1 2 l o g
2
> x
x
1 3 2 . ( ) 1 9 3 l o g l o g
9
s
x
x
1 3 3 . 1
2
2 3
l o g >
+
+
x
x
x
1 3 4 . ( ) 1 3 l o g
2
3
>

x
x x
1 3 5 . ( ) 2 3 8 5 l o g
2
> + x x
x
1 3 6 . ( ) | | 1 6 9 l o g l o g
3
=
x
x
1 3 7 . x x
x 2 1 6
l o g 2 l o g 4 1 6 l o g 3 =
1 3 8 . 3 6 4 l o g 1 6 l o g
2
2
= +
x
x
1 3 9 .
( ) 1 l o g
1
1 3 2 l o g
1
3 / 1
2
3 / 1
+
>
+
x
x x
1 4 0 . ( ) 1 0 1
l o g 1
l o g 1
2
= < >
+
+
a
x
x
a
a
1 4 1 .
( )
( )
1 0 3
5 l o g
3 5 l o g
3
= < >

a v i
x
x
a
a
1 4 2 . 0 5
1 0
1
2
1 c o s 2 s i n 2
7 l g s i n c o s
1 c o s 2 s i n 2
= +
|
.
|

\
|

+

+ x x
x x
x x
1 4 3 .
( ) ( )
0
3 5 2
1 1 4 l o g 1 1 4 l o g
2
3
2
1 1
2
2
5
>


x x
x x x x
1 4 4 . ( ) ( ) 3 1 l o g 1 l o g 2
2
3 2
2
3 2
= + + + +
+
x x x x
1 4 5 . x x x x x x
5 3 2 5 3 2
l o g l o g l o g l o g l o g l o g = + +
1 4 6 . 0 2 ) 5 ( l o g 6 ) 5 ( l o g 3 ) 5 ( l o g
2 5 / 1
5 5
2
5 / 1
s + + + x x x
1 4 7 . V i g i t r n o c a m t h b t p h n g t r n h ( ) 3 2 l o g
2
2 / 1
> + m x x c n g h i m v m i
n g h i m c a n u k h n g t h u c m i n x c n h c a h m s ( ) 2 l o g 1 l o g
1
3
+ =
+
x x y
x x
1 4 8 . G i i v b i n l u n t h e o m : 0 1 0 0 l o g
2
1
1 0 0 l o g >
m x
1 4 9 .
( )
( )

> +
+ < + +
+
2 2 l o g
) 1 2 2 . 7 l g ( ) 1 2 l g ( 2 l g 1
1
x
x
x
x x
1 5 0 . T m t p x c n h c a h m s ( ) 1 0
2
5
2
l o g
2
1
2
= <
|
.
|

\
|
+

+
= a
x
x
y
a
I I I . C c b i t p t l m :
1 5 1 . 3 l o g 2 9 l o g 4 l o g
3 3
2
3
> + x x x
1 5 2 . ( )
4
1 6 2
2
2 / 1
l o g 4 2 l o g 4 l o g x x x < +
1 5 3 . ( ) 0 l o g 2 1 3 l o g
2
2 2
2
s + + x x x
1 5 4 . x x
x x
c o s l o g s i n l o g
2 s i n c o s
>
D n g b c h a i :
I . K i n t h c c n n h :
1 . D n g ( ) 0 1 , 0 0 . .
1 3
) (
2
) ( 2
1
> = = = + + a a a a a a a
x f x f
a v p h n g t r n h b c h a i n h
p h p t n p h
) ( x f
a t = > 0 .
2 . D n g ( ) 0 1 , 0 0 ) ( l o g ) ) ( . ( l o g
1 3 2
2
1
> = = = + + a a a x f a x f a
a a
a v p h n g t r n h
b c h a i n h p h p t n p h ) ( l o g x f t
a
= .
3 . V i b t p h n g t r n h m v l o g a r i t c n g c p h p t t n g n g , l u k h i g p p h n g t r n h
h a y b t p h n g t r n h l o g a r i t m c h a p h i d n g c b n t h c n t i u k i n .
I I . C c b i t p p d n g :
1 5 5 . 0 4 5 5
1
= +
x x
1 5 6 . 0 1 0 3 . 9 3 < +
x x
1 5 7 . 8 l o g 2
1 6
1
4
1
4
1
>
|
.
|

\
|

|
.
|

\
|
x x
1 5 8 . 1 2
3
1
. 9
3
1
/ 1 2 / 2
>
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|
+ x x
1 5 9 . 0 1 2 2 8
3 3 2
= +
+
x
x
x
1 6 0 .
x x x
5 5 5 5
1 2
+ < +
+
1 6 1 .
1 6
5
2 0 2 2 2 2
2 2
= + + +
x x x x
1 6 2 . ( ) ( ) 1 0 2 4 5 2 4 5 = + +
x x
1 6 3 . ( ) ( )
3
2 5 3 1 6 5 3
+
= + +
x
x x
1 6 4 . ( ) ( ) 0 2 3 2 3 3 4 7 = + +
x x
1 6 5 . ( ) ( ) 1 4 3 4 7 3 4 7 > + +
x x
1 6 6 . ( ) ( ) 4 3 2 3 2 = + +
x x
1 6 7 . ( ) ( ) 1 0 6 2 5 6 2 5
t a n t a n
= + +
x x
1 6 8 .
x x x / 1 / 1 / 1
9 6 4 = +
1 6 9 . 1 0 4 . 6 6 . 1 3 9 . 6 = +
x x x
1 7 0 . 0 1 0 . 7 2 5 . 2 4 . 5 s +
x x x
1 7 1 .
3
3 3
8 1 5 4 1 5 4
x
x x
> + +
1 7 2 . 0 2 5 1 5 . 3 4 9
1 2 2 1 2
2 2 2
> +
+ + x x x x x x
1 7 3 . 2 l o g
c o s 2 s i n
s i n 2 2 s i n 3
l o g
2 2
7 7 x x
x x
x x

=

1 7 4 . ( ) 2 / 1 2 1 3 l o g
2
3
= +
+
x x
x
1 7 5 . ( ) 2 l o g 2 l o g
2
2
= + +
+
x x
x x
1 7 6 . ( )
( )
( ) 1 l o g 2
2 l o g
1
1 3 l o g
2
3
2
+ + = +
+
x x
x
1 7 7 . ( ) ( ) 3 2 l o g 4 4 l o g
1
2
1 2
= +
+ x x
x
1 7 8 . ( ) 1 3 2 3 . 4 9 l o g
1
3
+ =
+
x
x x
1 7 9 . ( ) 4 l o g 1 l o g 1
1 2
= +
x
x
1 8 0 . ( ) ( )
8
1
l o g 1 4 l o g . 4 4 l o g
2 / 1
2
1
2
= + +
+ x x
1 8 1 . ( ) ( ) 2 2 2 l o g 1 2 l o g
1
2 / 1 2
>
+ x x
1 8 2 . ( ) ( )
1
1
1
2 5 2 5
+

> +
x
x
x
1 8 3 . 0
1 2
1 2 2
1
s

x
x x
1 8 4 . 0 2 c o s
2
s i n l o g s i n
2
s i n l o g
3
1 3
=
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
|
.
|

\
|
x
x
x
x
1 8 5 . ( ) ( )
2
9
3
3
2
2 7
3 l o g
2
1
l o g
2
1
6 5 l o g +
|
.
|

\
|
= + x
x
x x
1 8 6 . T m m t n g b n h p h n g c c n g h i m c a p h n g t r n h
( ) ( ) 0 2 l o g 4 2 2 l o g 2
2 2
2
1
2 2
4
= + + + m m x x m m x x l n h n 1 .
1 8 7 . T m c c g i t r c a m p h n g t r n h s a u c n g h i m d u y n h t :
( ) 0 l o g 1 l o g
2 5
2
2 5
= + + + +
+
x m m x x .
1 8 8 . T m m p h n g t r n h ( ) ( ) 0 2 l o g 4 2 2 l o g 2
2 2
2 / 1
2 2
4
= + + + m m x x m m x x c 2
n g h i m u v v t h o m n u
2
+ v
2
> 1
I I I . C c b i t p t l m :
9 1 . T m m m i n g h i m c a b t p h n g t r n h 1 2
3
1
3
3
1
1
1 2
>
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|
+
x x
c n g l n g h i m c a
b t p h n g t r n h ( m - 2 )
2
x
2
- 3 ( m - 6 ) x - ( m + 1 ) < 0 . ( * )
9 2 . ( ) ( ) 0 2 5 3 5 3
2
2 2
2 1
2 2
s + +
+

x x
x x x x
9 3 . ( ) ( ) 3 1 2 2 2 3 + = +
x x
9 4 . 1
2 3
2 3 . 2
2
s

+
x x
x x
9 5 . 0 4 . 6 6 . 1 3 9 . 6
2 2 2
2 2 2
s +
x x x x x x
9 6 . ( )
( )
0 2 2 l o g . 2 l o g
2
2
2
> +
x
x
9 7 .
2
2 2 2
4 l o g 6 l o g 2 l o g
3 . 2 4
x x
x =
9 8 . ( ) ( ) 4 2 1 2 3 6 l o g 4 1 2 9 l o g
2
3 2
2
7 3
= + + + + +
+ +
x x x x
x x
S d n g t n h n i u :
I . K i n t h c c n n h :
1 . H m s
x
a y = n g b i n k h i a > 1 v n g h c h b i n k h i 0 < a < 1 .
2 . H m s x y
a
l o g = n g b i n k h i a > 1 v n g h c h b i n k h i 0 < a < 1 .
3 . H m s f ( x ) n i u t r n D v u , v t h u c D t h f ( u ) = f ( v ) t n g n g u = v .
4 . N u h m s f ( x ) l i n t c v n i u t r n ( a , b ) t h p h n g t r n h f ( x ) = 0 c t i a 1
n g h i m t r n .
I I . C c b i t p p d n g :
1 8 9 .
x
x
4 1 1 5 = +
1 9 0 . 1 3 2
2
+ =
x
x
1 9 1 .
x
x x x
2 0 2 4 5 9 + + =
1 9 2 .
2 1 1 2 2 1 2
5 3 2 5 3 2
+ + +
+ + = + +
x x x x x x
1 9 3 . 9 , 2
5
2
2
5
/ 1
=
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|
x x
( * )
1 9 4 .
x x x
6 3 2 1
1 1
< + +
+ +
1 9 5 . ( ) x x x
2
3
3
l o g 2 1 l o g 3 = + +
1 9 6 .
2
2
2
) 1 (
1 2
l o g 2 6 2

+
= +
x
x
x x
1 9 7 .
x
x
x
x
x
x
2
2
2 2
2 2
2
2 1 1

=

1 9 8 . ( ) ( ) 0 2 1 2 2 3
2
= +
x x
x x
1 9 9 . 2 5 5 1 0 2 . 2 5 > +
x x x
2 0 0 . 2 0 5 1 5 . 3 3 . 1 2
1
= +
+ x x x
2 0 1 . l o g
2
x + 2 l o g
7
x = 2 + l o g
2
x . l o g
7
x
2 0 2 . x x c o s l o g c o t l o g 2
2 3
=
2 0 3 . ( ) 5 , 1 l g 1 l o g = + x
x
2 0 4 .

= +
= +
) s i n 3 ( l o g c o s 3 1 l o g
) c o s 3 ( l o g s i n 3 1 l o g
3 2
3 2
x y
y x
2 0 5 .
( ) ( )
( ) ( )

+ = +
+ = +
2 1 l o g 1 3 1 l o g
2 1 l o g 1 3 1 l o g
2
3
2
2
2
3
2
2
x y
y x
2 0 6 . ( ) ( ) x x x x x x 3 3 l g 3 6 l g
2 2
+ + = + + +
2 0 7 . C h n g m i n h r n g n g h i m c a p h n g t r n h ( ) x x x
4
4
6
l o g l o g 2 = + t h o m n b t
n g t h c
x
x 1 6
s i n
1 6
c o s < .
2 0 8 . T m x s a o c h o b t p h n g t r n h s a u y c n g h i m n g v i m i a :
( ) 0 1 4 l o g
2
> + + x a a
x
I I I . C c b i t p t l m :
1 0 7 . ( ) ) 2 l g ( 4 6 l g
2
+ + = + x x x x
1 0 8 . ) 3 ( l o g ) 2 ( l o g ) 1 ( l o g l o g
5 4 3 2
+ + + = + + x x x x
1 0 9 . T m n g h i m d n g c a b t p h n g t r n h
1 2
1 0 3 6
1

>

+
x x
x
( * )
1 1 0 .
( )
( )

= +
= +
2 4 6 l o g
2 4 6 l o g
x y
y x
y
x
1 1 1 . ( ) 0 l o g 2 1 3 l o g
2
2 2
2
s + + x x x
D n g t n g h p :
I . M t v i l u :
I I . C c b i t p p d n g :
2 0 9 . ( ) 0 1 6 ) 1 ( l o g ) 1 ( 4 ) 1 ( l o g 2
3
2
3
= + + + + + x x x x
2 1 0 . 0 3 5 ) 1 0 3 ( 2 5 . 3
2 2
= + +

x x
x x
2 1 1 . T m a p h n g t r n h s a u c 4 n g h i m p h n b i t 0 l o g l o g 2
3
2
3
= + a x x
2 1 2 . ( ) ( ) 0 6 l o g 5 2 l o g 1
2 / 1
2
2 / 1
> + + + + x x x x
2 1 3 . ( ) 8 8
1 2 1 4
>
x x
e x x e x
2 1 4 . 6 2 . 3 . 2 3 . 3 4
2 1 2
+ + < + +
+
x x x x
x x x
2 1 5 . ( ) ( ) ( ) ) 4 l n ( 3 2 l n 4 l n 3 2 l n
2 2
x x x x + = +
2 1 6 . ( ) ( )
x
x x
x
x x
x
2
l o g 2 2 4 2 1 4 1
2
1 2 7 2
2 2
+ s
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
I I I . C c b i t p t l m :
T r o n g c c n g h i m ( x , y ) c a b t p h n g t r n h ( ) 1 l o g
2 2
> +
+
y x
y x
h y t m n g h i m c t n g x + 2 y
l n n h t
x x
x x x x x x x 3 . 4 3 5 2 3 . 2 2 3 5 2
2 2 2
+ > +
T m t b t p h n g t r n h s a u n g h i m n g v i m i x : ( ) 1 3
2
1
l o g
2
2
>
(

+
+
+
x
t
t
T m a b t p h n g t r n h s a u t h o m n v i m i x : ( ) 0 2 l o g
2
1
1
> +
+
a x
a
.
T m a b t p h n g t r n h s a u n g h i m n g v i m i x : 1
3 2
2 l o g 2 l o g .
2
2
2
2
<

+ +
x x
x a x
a