APPENDIX A

FACULTY OF PHARMACY
GOMAL UNIVERSITY, DERA ISMAIL KHAN. STATUTES AND REGULATIONS RELATING TO DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHARMACY AND EXAMINATIONS

GENERAL STATUTES
1. 2. The Doctor of Pharmacy shall be a five years course. The examination shall be divided into five parts, i.e. Doctor of Pharmacy, 1st Professional at the end of first year, Doctor of Pharmacy, 2nd Professional at the end of second year, Doctor of Pharmacy, 3rd Professional at the end of the third year, Doctor of Pharmacy, 4th Professional at the end of the fourth year, and final Professional at the end of final year. 3. Instructions for the degree of PHARM-D course will be given in the Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan. The medium of instructions and examinations shall be English except in Islamic and Pakistan Studies in which it can also be Urdu. 4. The following shall be the subjects to be covered in five academic years. 1. 2. 3. 4. Pharmaceutics Pharmaceutical Chemistry Physiology Pharmaceutical Biochemistry

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 5.

Pharmaceutical Microbiology Pharmacology Pharmacognosy Pathology Marketing & Management Quality control Clinical pharmacy Islamic and Pakistan Studies Mathematics and Bio-Statistics

An outline of subjects with the number of marks of the Doctor of Pharmacy Examination (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and Final Professional) is given in Appendix B. The outline may be changed from time to time by the Academic Council on the recommendation of the Board of Studies in Pharmacy and the Faculty of Pharmacy.

5.

The Courses of study are specified in the syllabus laid down in appendix B (course details). This syllabus may be modified from time to time by the Academic Council on the recommendation of the Board of Studies in Pharmacy and the Faculty of Pharmacy.

____________________ ___ DEAN Faculty of Pharmacy

APPENDIX B

OUTLINE OF SUBJECTS
MARKS

FIRST PROFESSIONAL
Theory Paper 1. Paper 2. Paper 3. Paper 4. Paper 5. Paper 6. Pharmaceutics-I ( Physical Pharmacy) Pharmaceutical Chemistry-1 (Organic) Physiology and Histology Anatomy Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Pharmaceutical Mathematics & Biostatistics 100 100 75 75 100 Practical 100 100 50 50 100 50+50 Total 200 200 125 125 200 100

TOTAL 950

MARKS

SECOND PROFESSIONAL
Theory Paper 1. Paper 2. Paper 3. Paper 4. Paper 5. Pharmaceutics-II (Pharm. Preparations) Pharmacology & Therapeutics -I Pharmaceutical Microbiology Pharmacognosy-I Pak. Studies and Islamiat/Ethics 100 100 100 100 Practical 100 100 100 100 40+60 TOTAL Total 200 200 200 200 100 900

MARKS

THIRD PROFESSIONAL
Theory Paper 1. Paper 2. Paper 3. Paper 4. Paper 5. Pharmaceutics-III (Dispensing & Community Pharmacy) Pharmacognosy-II (Phyto Chem) Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II(Instrumentation) Pharmacology-II (Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology) Pathology 100 100 100 100 50 Practical 100 100 100 100 50 TOTAL Total 200 200 200 200 100 900

MARKS

FOURTH PROFESSIONAL
Theory Paper 1. Paper 2. Paper 3. Paper 4. Paper 5. Pharmaceutics -IV (Hospital Pharmacy) Pharmaceutics -V (Clinical Pharmacy) Pharmaceutics-VI (Industrial Pharmacy) Pharmaceutics-VII (Bio Pharmaceutics) Pharmaceutics-VIII (Quality Control) 100 100 100 100 100 Practical 100 100 100 100 TOTAL Total 100 200 200 200 200 900

MARKS

FINAL PROFESSIONAL
Theory Paper 1. Paper 2. Paper 3. Paper 4. Paper 5. Paper 6. Pharmaceutical Chemistry-III(Medicinal Chemistry) Pharmaceutics-IX(Clinical Pharmacy) Forensic Pharmacy Pharmaceutical technology Pharmaceutical Management & Marketing Computer and its application in Pharmacy 100 100 100 100 100 50 Practical 100 100 100 50 TOTAL GROSS TOTAL Total 200 200 100 200 100 100 900 4550

____________________ ___ DEAN Faculty of Pharmacy

PHARMACEUTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY (WRITTEN) SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D) 100 Marks 1ST PROFESSIONAL

1.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND BASIC BIOCHEMICAL PRINCIPLES

Role of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry in the health profession. Nature of biochemical reactions.

2.

BASIC CHEMISTRY OF BIOMOLECULES

A. PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS

Chemistry

classification

Proteins

&

Amino

acids,reactions of Amino Acids & proteins. Organizational level of Proteins. Biological and Pharmaceutical importance of Proteins and Amino Acids Macromolecular nature of Proteins.
B. CARBOHYDRATES

Chemistry of Carbohydrates, Classification, reactions of Carbohydrates, Optical activity, Biological and Pharmaceutical importance of Carbohydrates.

C. LIPIDS

Chemistry of Fatty Acids and Lipids, classification (specifiable and non-saponifible lipids, simple,complex and derived lipids) reaction of Fatty Acids and other Lipids. Essential Fatty Acids, Biological and pharmaceutical importance of Lipids

D. ENZYMES

Chemistry,classification,Modeofaction,kinetics(Micha elisMentenEquationandsome modifications)Inhibition,Activation,Specificity,Alloster ic enzymes, Factors affecting the rate of an enzymecatalyzed reaction, Biological and pharmaceutical importance, Mechanism of action of some important enzymes(Chymotrpsin,Ribonuclease)
E. NUCLIC ACIDS

Chemistry, Types (DNA, RNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA), Purine and Pyrimidine bases, Nuceloside, Nucelotide, Structure of nucleic acid, Biological and important of nucleic acids.
F. VITAMINS

Chemistry, Classification (Fat-soluble and watersoluble Vitamins), Biological and important of Vitamins.
G. HORMONES

Chemistry, protenous

Classification Hormones,

(Proteinous acids

and

non-

amino

derivatives,

steroids), Biological and important of Hormones.

3.

METABOLIC FATE OF BIOMOLECULES(ANABOLISM AND CATABOLISM)

A. CARBOHYDRATES

Introduction to metabolism, Brief introduction to the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, aerobic and anaerobicbreakdownofGlucose,Glycolysis,Pentosepho sphatepathway,Glycogenolysis,Glycogenesis,Glyconeo genesis,
B. LIPIDS

Citric

acid

cycle,Energetics

of

various

metabolic processes. Brief introduction to digestion and absorption of Lipids. Oxidation of fatty acids through B-Oxidation. Biosynthesis of fatty acids. Neutral lipids and cholesterol.
C. PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS

Brief introduction to digestion and absorption of Proteins and Amino Acids. Metabolism of essential and non-essential Amino Acids. Biosynthesis catabolism ofHaemins and porphyrin compounds. D. BIOENERGETICS Principle of Bioenergetics, Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.

4.

REGULATION OF METABOLIC PROCESSES

A. ROLE OF VITAMINS

Regulation role of fat-soluble vitamins(A,D,E and K)and water soluble

vitamins(Thimain,Riboflavin,Pantothenic acid,Niacin,Pyridoxal acid,Cyanocoblamin,members phosphate,Biotin,Folic of B-complex and

Ascorbic acid),Coenzymes and their role in the regulation of metabolic processes.

B. HORMONES

Mechanism of action of Hormones. Physiological role of various Hormones. Site of synthesis and target site of Hormones. C. SECONDRY MESSENGER Role of cAMP, Calcium ions and phosphoinositol in the regulation of metabolic processes.
D. GENE EXPRESSION

Replication,Transcription expression), Introduction engineering, to

and

Translation(Gene and genetic

Biotechnology

Basic principles of Recombinant DNA technology, Pharmaceutical application,B alance of Catabolic,Anabolic and Amphibolic process in Human metabolism, Acid-Base and Electrolyte balance in Human body.

PRACTICAL a. Qualitative analysis of

Amino acids, Peptides, Proteins and Carbohydrates. Lipids and Sterols (Cholesterol). Bile Salts and billirubin. Blood analysis sugar,Uric acid,Billirubin,Cholestrol and Createnin.

b.

Quantitative analysis of

Carbohydrates-Glucose(reducing acids Proteins Analysis of and peptide and

sugar)and

any

other

carbohydrate using Bendict and Anthrone method,Amino using abnormal Biuret components and of

ninhydrin(spectrophotometric) method. normal Urine,Sugar,Uric acid,Billiurin,Cholestrol and Creatinin.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED
1. 2. M N Chaterjea Medical Biochemistry,Jaypee Brothers Medical Publisher New Delhi 2003. Robert Murray,Daryl K,Ganner ,Peter A Mayes,Victor W Rodwell Harpers Biochemistry,Appleton and Lange ,Lange Medical Publications New York 2000. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Albert L Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, CBS Publisher, Dehli 1993. Lubert Stryer Biochemistry,W H Fareeman and company 2002. Pamela C Champe,Richard A Harvery ,Illustrate Biochemistry,J Lippincot Company 1994. Harpers Biochemistry,Print Hall,New Jersy1996. M Rafiq, Biochemistry, The Caravan Book House, Lahore 1st Ed. Montogomary Clinical Chemistry the C V Mosby company 5th Ed. Conn and Stumpf,Outlines of Biochemistry,John Willy & sons New York 5th Ed,1999. Lehninger, Biochemistry Worth publisher Co, New York. Ahmed M Essential of Medical Biochemistry,Merit

publisher Faisalabad. 12. West E S,Todd R W and Van Bruggen T J,Text Book of Biochemistry, the MacMillan Co1996.

PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-I (ORGANIC CHEMISTRY) SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D) 100 Marks 1ST PROFESSIONAL
1. BASIC CONCEPT
Conjugation, hyper conjugation, Hydrogen Bonding Resonance theory and rules of Resonance, Resonance Effect, Stearic Effect, Inductive Effect, Solvent Effect,Mesomeric effect,effect of structure onreactivity of compounds,Tautamerism of carbonyl compounds.

2. NUCLEOPHILIC AND ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTION IN ALEPHATIC AND AROMATIC SYSTEMS 3. ORIENTATION IN ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTION OF BENZENE RING
4. ORGANIC REACTIONS: Metal hydride reduction, Baeyer-villager oxidation; Friedel craft reaction; wolf-Kishner reduction, Dials Alder reaction; Grignard Reaction,Perkin reaction and Cannizzaro reaction.

5. CARBONIUM ION REARRANGEMENT:

Pinacol Pinacolone, Wagner Meerwein Rearrangement, Beckmann, Hofmann, Wolff Rearrangement.

6. CARBONIONS:
Condensation reaction(Aldole condensation,Favorskii rearrangement,Witting reaction.

7. STEREOCHEMISTRY:
Stereoisomerism, optical isomerism, Molecules with more than one chiral center, Geometerical isomerism, Resolution of racemic mixture, Conformational Analysis.

8. FREE RADICALS:
Introduction, properties. Stability and Structure, Preparation and

9.

GENERAL

METHODS

OF

PREPARATION TEST AND

,PROPERTIES,IDENTIFICATION CLASSES AND THEIR ANALOUGES:

PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS OF THE FOLLOWING

Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, Aldehydes, Ketones, Acids, Esters, Amines and Anilines.

10.

PREPARTION

AND

PROPERTIES

OF

HETROCYCLIC COMPOUNS: such as:

pyrrole, furan, thiophene, Imidazole, Oxazole, Thiazole Pyridine, Pyrnidime.

PRACTICAL
NOTE:
Practical of the sub ject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the facilities,e.g 1. 2. Organic analysis,Identification of unknown simple organic compounds. Organic preparations :Benzoic acid, Aspirin,Acetanilide, Iodoform,Nitrophenol,3-nitrophthalic,Benzhydrol 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene. and

BOOKS RECOMMENDED
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. A guide book to mechanism in organic chemistry by peter Sykes New York 1st Ed 1991. E L Eliel Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds Tata McGraw- Hill,New Dehli 1992. Rehamn and M Younis Organic Chemistry for B.Sc students,llmi Kitab Khana Lahore 1997. L Finar Organic Chemistry Vol 1,Person Education Asia 6th Ed New Dehli 2001. Raj K Bansel Oraganic Reaction Mechanism Tata McGarw-Hill New Dehli 1992. Furaiss Brain,Practical Organic Chemistry 5th Ed ELBS London Sykes A P Guide Book to mechanism in organic chemistry 5th Ed Lonsmen Co,UK 1970. Ropert J D and Caserio M C Basic Principle in Organic Chemistry 1990. Naser-ud-Din Introduction to Stereochemistry, Ghafoor stationary Mart Peshawar. Bhal B S Text Book of Organic Chemistry S Chand & Co, New Dehli 14th Ed 1995.

PHARMACEUTICS I (GENERAL PHYSICOCHEMICAL PRINCIPLES) SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D) 100 Marks 1ST PROFESSIONAL
1. PHARMACY ORIENTATION
Introduction pharmacy in pharmacy, and Retail orientation to the professional and of relation to Industrial pharmacy, Hospital pharmacy,Forensic clinical

pharmacy, pharmaceutical Education and Research.

2.

HISTORY AND LITERATURE OF PHARMACY

a) A survey of the history of pharmacy through ancient Greek and Arab periods with special reference to contribution of Muslim Scientists to Pharmacy and allied sciences. b) An introduction to various official and unofficial books.

3.

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES
a) SOLUTIONS Introduction, types, concentration expression, Ideal and real solution, lowering Raoults of law, Henrys pressure, point, law, its its colligative properties of solutions,their mathematical derivatives, vapor of determination, elevation boiling

determination osmotic pressure and osmosis, its determination, molecular weight determination.
b) SOLUBILITY AND SOLUBILIZATION AND DISTRIBUTION PHENOMENON

Definition of solubility, solubility expression, factor affecting product, law.

c) IONIC EQUILIBRIUM

solubility, salting-in,

(solubility

curves)

solubility of

salting-out,

distribution

solutes between solvents, applications of distribution

Acid-base equilibrium, ionization of week acids, ionization of weak bases, ionization of water, Sorensens pH scale, ion product of water, ionization constant PK and POH.
d) BUFFERS AND BUFFERED ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS:

Buffer equation for a weak acid and its salt, for weak base and its salt, buffer action and types, drugs as buffer, buffer capacity, pH indicators, buffers an pharmaceutical pharmaceutical
e) HYDROLYSIS

and buffers

biological and their

system, preparation,

buffered isotonic solution, applications of osmosis. Ionic and molecular hydrolysis, protection against hydrolysis.
f) MICROMERTICS

Liquid interface, surface and interfacial tensions, their measurement, capillary rise method, DuNouys tensiometer, Applications in pharmacy.

4.

DISPERSIONS: a) COLLOIDS

Types, method of preparation properties (optical, kinetic, electrical of ) Dialysis and artificial and Kidney,stabilityn in pharmacy. colloids,protection

sensitization phenomenon and application of colloids

b) EMULSION
Types and theory of Emulsification,Emulsifying agents their classification and stability of Emulsion.

c) SUSPENSION
Types, method of preparation,properties,suspending agent their classification and stability.

5.

RHEOLOGY
Viscosity, Newtons law of flow, kinematic viscosity, Rheology-Non-Netonian pseudoplastic measurement, flow, system, dialatant in plastic flow, flow, Thixotropy formulation,

thixotropy

determination of viscosity, choice of viscometers, capillary viscometer, psychorheology, applications of rheology in pharmacy.

6.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROCESS
a) b) PRECIPITATION CRYSTALLIZATION

Process of precipitation and it is application in pharmacy. Types of Crystals, Mechanism and methods of Crystallization and its application in pharmacy.
c) DISTILLATION

Simple

distillation, Fractional Distillation, steam distillation and destructive

Distillation,Vaccum
d)

distillation and their application in pharmacy.

SUBLIMATION AND LYOPHILIZATION

Principles, freeze drying, stages of drying process, primary drying, secondary drying, packaging. Applications in pharmacy.

e) MISCELLANEOUS PROCESS
Efflorescence and exsiccation, dessiccation, decantation, deliquescence fusion, elutriation,Lyophillization,Sublimation,Calcination,Adsorpt ion,Evaporation,Vaporization,Centrifugation Tituration. and and hydroscopicity, levigation, ignition,

6. RATE AND ORDER OF REACTION 7. KINETIC

a)

PRINCIPLES

AND

STABILITY

TESTING

THEORATIC CONSIDERATION: Degradation:

PHYSICAL FACTORS

Influence

of

Ph,

Temperature,Ionic

strength,acid-base

catalysis,U.V light.
b) CHEMICAL FACTORS

Complex chemical reaction,Oxidation-reduction and Hydrolysis.

PRACTICAL NOTE
Practical of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the facilities. 1. Experiments to demonstrate some of physico-chemical processes 2. like simple distillation, steam distillation, crystallization, dialysis. Demonstration of Emulsion system.

3. 4. 5. 6.

Determination of particle size. Preparation of Buffer solutions and isotonic solution. Determination of %age composition of solutions by specific gravity method. Partition-Coefficient, surface tension, viscosity.

TEXT AND RECOMMENDED BOOK

1. 2. 3. 4. Martin Physical Pharmacy B I Waverly PVT,Deehli 4th Ed 1994. Cooper and Gunns Tutorial Pharmacy CBS Publisher&Distribution New Dehli 1986. Bentleys Pharmaceutics all India traveler book seller New Dehli 1996. Martin p Bustamante P & Chun Physical &Chemical Principles of Pharmaceutical Science AHC 4th Ed 1999 New York. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Martin AMN Banker G S&Chun AHC Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences.Academic press London. Mill C C Casson,N Rheology of dispress system pergamon press New York 1975 Rienger M&Scott-Blair.G W,Rheology Academic press London 1990. Barry B W Advance in Pharmaceutical Sciences Academic press London 1990. Sherman P Emulsion Science Academic press London 1972. Martin A Swarbrick J & Cammatra A Physical Pharmacy 3rd Ed,Lee&Febiger,Philadelphia 1983. Attwood D and & Flocence A T Surfactant System.Chapman & Hall Ltd,London 1982.

ANATOMY SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)
50 Marks

1ST PROFESSIONAL
1.

INTRODUCTION:ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY

Definition, Cell, Tissue, Organ system 2.

STRUCTURE OF CELL TISSUE OF BODY

a. Epithelial tissue:General character,classification. b. Connective tissue:structure,type(connective tissue proper cartilage.Bones structure&typesof bones &joints). c. Muscles:Structure of Skeletal muscles, smooth muscles,cardiac muscles.

Cell Membrane,Cytoplasm,Organcells,Nucleus,Cell cycle. 3.

Types of Tissues with example:

4.

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM. a. Skin: Structure(Epidermis,Dermis) b. Glands of Skin(Sweet,Sebaceous) c. Hair: Structure, Function d. Nail.

5.

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.
to the Heart.

a. Heart: structure of Heart, location of Heart andBlood supply b. Blood Vessels:Main Blood vessels araising&entering the

Heart types of Blood vessels with examples. 6.

ELEMENTARY SYSTEM.

Name and structure of different parts of elementary system and their inter relationship. 7.

URINARY SYSTEM.

Name and structure of organs of Urinary system and their inter relationship. 8.

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM.

Male & Female reproductive system, name, structure and association of the organs. 9.

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM. a. Pituitary gland: structure and relation to hypothalamus. b. Thyroid gland: structure. c. Adrenal gland: structure.

10.

NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Introduction cell of Nervous system (Neuron), Accessory cells of Nervous system & organization of Nervous system. a. Brain__Maninges(cerebrum_cerebralLobes,Ventricals.Cerebellum _Anatomyofcerebellum,Brainstem_MidBrain.Pons Oblangata,Diencepalon,Thalamus, nerves) b. Spinal cord_ Maninges(C.S.F.internal structure,sensory & motor pathway,spinal reflexes,peripheral spinal Nerves,Auttonomic Nervous system includes Sympathetic Nervous System & Parasympathetic Nervous System). Hypothalamus & Medulla central

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1.

Romanes G J Cunningham's manuual of practical Anatomy Humphary Kalfom,Oxford University press London 3 volume,1996.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1.

Gray's Anatomy Descreptive and Applies Longman's Green and Co, London 1996 J G Romanes London, Cunningham's Textbook of Anatomy Oxford University press 1996 Snell R S,Clinical Anatomy,Boston,Little,Brown and Company,1996. Keith L More and TVN Persaud, Philadephia, Clinically Oriented Human Anatomy. W B Saunders 1996. B Grant A Method of Anatomy, Bailliere Tinal and Co, Ltd, London. W J Hamilton A Textbook of Anatomy Macmillan and Co London. R J Last, Anatomy, Regional and Applied, J and A Churchill Ltd, London.

PHYSIOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D) 100 Marks 1ST PROFESSIONAL
1. BLOOD
Composition of blood, Function of blood, fate and functions of RBC, Blood groups: O-A-B. The Rh-h types, Hemostasis and blood coagulation,, anemia, polycythemia, the leukocytes: Genesis of leukocytes, life span of WBC, properties Eosinophils, homeostasis,. of WBC, Reticuloendothelial lymphocytes, of system, Basophiles, agranulocytosis, coagulation.

leukemia.. Homeostasis and blood coagulation: Events in Mechanism blood Introduction to hematology., , the red blood cells: size, volume, thickness, stages in the development of RBC life span,. Formation of hemoglobin, destruction of RBC.

2. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Properties of cardiac muwcle,origin and conduction of heart beat,ECG,Heart sounds,cardic output, stroke volume and heart rate, nerve supply of the heart,coronary,pulmonary,circulationnts pulse, capillary circulation, and Axon reflex, changes circulation .Blood triple in of

pressure, vasomotor system, Arterial pulse, Venous response,Haemorhage,circulatory exercise,copmosion lymph.Haemorhage and shock.

3. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Mechanism respiratory,Intrathoracic,Intrapulmonary pressure,pulmonary Alvolar Air,Carrige ventilation.Lungs of O2 and volume CO2 by

of and the in

capicities,Compositon of inspired AirExpired Air and Blood,Regulation of breathing(Nervous and Chemical control),Respiratory changes excerse,Pneumonias,Emphysema,Bronchial Asthma.

4. SKIN
Structure,Functions of skin,Temperature regulation by skin.

5. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Mastication, Degulation, Digestive, juices, saliva, Gasteric juice Pancreatic juice, Bile and intestinal

juices, their compositon, function and mechanism of secreation, Movements of the Stomach and Intestine.Defecation, functions of Liver and gall bladder. 6. URINARY SYSTEM
Urine formation, compositon of Urine, GFR Urea clearance, formation of concentrated and diluted Urine.

7. PHYSIOLOGY OF NERVE AND MUSLE

Chemical change in Muscle on contraction. Action potential. Of blood coagulation. Introduction to

8. NERVOUS SYSTEM
Spinal reflex regulation cortex of movement and posture.Cerebal ganglia, functions.Voluntary Nervous

movements. Descending tracts of spinal cord. Basal Cerbellum.Autonomic

system.Thalamus.CSF.Mechanism coagulation. Introduction to

of

blood

9. SPECIAL SENSE
Elementary knowledge of structure and functions of the special sense.

10ENDOCRINOLOGY Defination of Hormone,Nature of different types of Hormones and Mechanism of action of Hormones. a. PituitaryHormones:
GrowthHormone,Prolactin,ACTH,TSH,ADH,Oxytocin,Acromeg aly,Giantism,Panhypopiutrism.

b. Thyroid gland:
Thyroxin,Tri-iodothyronin,format and functions of thyroid hormones,Hypertheroidism,Myxocdene.

c. Adrenal gland: Mineralcorticoids,Glucocorticoids,Anabolic steroids,Adrenalin,Noradrenalin,Cushing syndrome,Addison disease. d. Para thyroid Hormone: e. Pancreatic Hormone: Insulin,Glucagon,Diabetes Mellitus. f. Sex Hormones:
mMale sex hormones,structure and functions,Female sex hormones,structure and function,Male devolepment of semen,Devlopment secondary sex of charactristics,spermatogenesis,compostion

of

seconday

characters

in

female,Menstrution,(ovarian cycle),Oogenesis(Dysmanorrhea).

HISTOLOGY
A.Underlying principle of histological techniques and staining specific tissue should be explained. B. Staining of parrafin and frozen sections will be given to the studens. C. Most of the teaching should be done on stained and mounted sections and every type of normal tissued will be covered. Practical Minimum Fifteen Practical as Designed by the Teacher RECOMMENDED BOOKS
PHYSIOLOGY:

1. Arthur C Guyton, M D, Textbook of Medical Physiology, W B Saunders Company,9th Ed,1996. 2. William F Ganong Review of Medical Physiology,prentice Hgall Intenational Inc,17th Ed,1995. 3. Chandi Charan Chatterjee, Human Physiology,Medical allied agency,1994. 4. Samon Wright's Applied Physiology,Revised by Cyril A Keele and Eric Neil. 5. Spence A P and Mason E B Human Anatomy and Physiology, Beajamin/Cumming publishing Inc, California, 3rd Ed. 6. Snell R S, Clinical Anatomy for medical Students,Litle Brown&Co Inc,USA,1992.
ANATOMY: 1. Bradbury S, Hewer's Textbook of Histology, ELBS, London, 1984. 2. Reference book: Tissues of the body by Legros Clerks. Publisher Oxford at the Clarendom press, London.

3. Cormack H D, Essential Histology: color atlas of Microscopic Anatomy, Lee&Febijer Co, Pennsylvanias, 1985.

PHARMACEUTICAL MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D) 100 Marks ST 1 PROFESSIONAL MATHEMATICS
1. ALGEBRA :
i.

(40Marks)

Sets and functions: Elementary concepts of sets, concept of functions, Domain and range of functions, different types of functions, Graphical representation of a function. Some applications of functions.

ii.

Solution

of

Linear

and

Quadratic

Equations:

Equations reducible to Quadratic form, solution of simultaneous Equations. iii. iv. v. Arithmetic Geometric and Harmonic progressions. Arithmetic Geometric and Harmonic means. Permutation & Combination: Simple application. Binomial Theorem: Simple application.

2. TRIGONOMETRY: Measurement of angles in radian and degrees, difinitions of circular functions, Derivation of circular function for simple cases.

3. ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY: Coordinates of points for plane.distance between tow points in plane,Locus,Equation of straight line,Equation of parabola,Circule and Ellips. 4. DIFFERENTIAL CALCUULUS: Concept of Derivation ,rule of differentiation,examples on the evaluation of Derivation,Derivatives of of exponential and Logarithmic functions,partial Derivation,Higher order derivatives,Maxima and Minima points of Inflection. 5. INTEGRAL CALCULUS: General term, some observation. Properties of binomial Coefficient simple application.

4.

DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
Concept of Integration, rules of Integration,Integration of Algebaric and Trignomatric Functions by using different techniques.

5.

INTEGRAL CALCULUS
Concept of Integration, rules of Integration,Integration of Algebaric and Trignomatric Functions by using different techniques.

BIOSTATISTICS MARKS)
1. DESCRIPTION OF STATISTICS:
Descriptive statistics,what is

(60

statistics?Importance

of

Biostatistics.what is Biostatistics? Application of statistics in Biological and pharmaceutical sciences. How samples are selected?

2.

ORGANIZING AND DISPLAYING DATA:

Variables, Quantitative and qualitative variables,Univariate data,Bivariate charts,Histogram. data,Random variables,Freguancy table,Diagrams,Pictograms,Simple Bar Charts,Multiple Bar

3.

SUNNARIZING DATA AND VARIATION:

The Mean, the Median, the Mode, the Mean deviation, the variance and standard deviation, Coefficient of Variation.

4.

CURVE FITTING:
Fitting a straight line.Fitting of parabolic or higher degree Curve.

5.

PROBABILITY:
Definitions, probability rules, probability distributions (Binomial Normal Distribution). 6. SIMPLE REGRESSION AND CORRELATION: Introduction, simple Linear Regression Model. Correlation co-efficient. 7. TEST OF HYPOTHESIS: Statistical Hypothesis, Level of significance. Test of significance. Confidence Intervals, Test involving Binomial and normal distribution.

8. STUDENT

"t","f-"
based

AND
on"t","f" and

CHI-SUARE
Chi-Square

DISTRIBUTION:
Test of significance Distribution. 9. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE: One way classification,two way classification,partitioning of some squares and degrees of freedom,multiple compression Tests such as LSD,the analysis of variance models.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED
1. C H Edwards. Jr and David E Penny,Calculus and Analytic Geometry,Prentice-Hall,Inc,A division of Sinon & Schustor Eglwwood Gliffs, New Jersey 07632,Usa.1995. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Daniel W W Biostatistics,Fundation for analysis in Health Science 3rd Ed.1983. Zar J H,Biostatical analysis,Francis HJ,NJ,USA. Nilton,J S and Tsokos, J D, Statistical Methods in Bilological and Health Science,McGrew-Hill,1983. Chudary S A Kamal S ,Introduction to Statistical Theory,partI and part-II,Iimi Kitab Khana Urdu Bazar,Lahore,1996. Samules M Statistics for the life Science,Dellen Pub Co SF,USA,1991. Walpole R E,Introduction to statistics,Macmillam Pub Co,NY,1982. Ahmed B and Khan M, Mathematics for Pharmacists, Arslan Paper Mart,Multan,1993.

MARKS

SECOND PROFESSIONAL
Theory Paper 1. Paper 2. Paper 3. Paper 4. Paper 5. Pharmaceutics-II (Pharm. Preparations) Pharmaceutical Microbiology Pharmacology & Therapeutics I Pharmacognosy-I Pak. Studies and Islamiat/Ethics 100 100 100 100 Practical 100 100 100 100 40+60 TOTAL Total 200 200 200 200 100 900

____________________ ___ DEAN Faculty of Pharmacy

PHARMACEUTICS II (PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATION)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D) 100 Marks 2ND PROFESSIONAL
1. INTRODUCTION:
Dosage form,Ingredients.

SESSION (2004-2009)

2. PHARMACEUTICAL CALCULATIONS:
Some fundamentals of Measurement and calculations,The Metric system, The common systems,Conversions,Calculation of doses, Reducing and Enlarging Formulas,Density,Specific Gravity & specific volume, Weight and volumes of liquids, percentage preparations, Isotonic solutions,HBL values Dosage forms,Ingeredients.

3. GALENICAL PREPARATIONS:
Infusions, Decoctions,Extracts,Fluid Extracts,Tinctures,Aromatic Water

4. EXTRACTION PROCESSES:
Maceration, Purpose and process, Percolation purpose and process, liquid extraction, Large Liquid extraction, Solvents used in pharmaceutical preparations.

5. ORAL SOLUTIONS, SYRUPS, ELIXIRS & SPIRITS:

Solution and their preparation, dry mixtures for solution, oral rehydrate solution, oral colonic leverage solution syrup. (Components and preparation of syrups, elixirs.

preparation elixirs).

of

elixirs,

medicated

and

non-medicated

6. ORAL SUSPENSIONS, EMULSIONS, MAGMAS & GELS:

SUSPENSION Formation of suspension Physical properties of dispersed Particles, formulation of suspension, Official suspension.

EMULSION
Emulsion types, theories of emulsification, formation of emulsion, preservation of emulsion, emulsifying Agents, Selection of Emulsifying Agents, HLB system stability of emulsion, system. Rheology of Emulsions, Special Emulsion

MAGMAS & GELS

Preparations, examples and Importance.

7. TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS:

Ointments, Creams, Pastes, Plasters, Lotions, Liniments, Topical gels, Topical tinctures collodions topical solutions, Topical powders, percutaneous absorption, Transdermal systems in use.

8. OPHTHALMIC, NASAL AND OTIC PREPARATIONS:

Ophthalmic solutions, suspensions, ointments inserts, Contact lens solutions, Nasal decongestant solutions, decongestant inhalers. Ear preparation: Anti-infective, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, preparation.

9. INTRODUCTION TO PARENTERALS:
Official types of injection solvents and vehicles for injection, added substances.

10. SUPPOSITORIES AND VAGINAL PASSERIES:

Semisolides preparation Suppository bases, preparation packing and storage,Solution/Enemas.

11. AEROSOLS INHALATIONS AND SPRAYS:

Aerosol: Principle, systems, packaging, container value assembly, filling, testing,Propellents packaging, labeling and storage.

12. POWDERS, CAPSULES, TABLETS, DOSAGE FORMS:

Preparation of powder, mixing of powders, uses and packaging of powders, granules, effervescent, granulated salts. Hard gelatin capsules, sizes, preparation of filling materials for hard gelatin capsules, sizes, soft gelatin capsules, preparation and its application. Tablets: Types, characteristics tablets components, dilvats, binders and adhesines disintegrants, lubricants, colors, flavors and sweeteners, methods of preparation.

13. A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO ORAL HYIEGEN PRODUCTS:

Definitions,Mouth Washes,Tooth Powder

14. SOLVENTS USED IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS: PRACTICAL

Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned thoeratical topics and availabilty of the facilities e.g. Preparation of simple

syrup, orange syrup, Ferrous sulphate syrup, Cod liver oil emulsion, ointment, tincture, liquid sulpher Throat paraffin emulsion, ointment, paint (Mandles Methyl Salicylate Iodine calamine paint) lotion,

Broglycerine, of Kaolin,

turpentine liniment, tannic acid glycerin, Spirit ammonia aromatic, Spirit of Ethyl nitrite, Poultice Effervescent granules, Distilled water for injection. (A minimum of twenty practical will be conducted).

TEXT BOOKS
1. 2. 3. 4. Michel E Aulton,Pharmaceutics,ELBS/Churchill Livingstone,London,1998. Bentleys Book of Pharmaceutics,CBS Publishers & Distributors,New Delhi,1986. Pharmaceutics The Science of Dosage FormDesign 2nd Ed. HowCourt publisher,2002. E A Rawlins Bredley's Text Book of Pharmaceutics,edited by 8th (or recent Ed.)1977.Macmillam publishing Co Inc,New York. 5. Sprowl's(Dittert L W;Ed.) American Pharmacy,7th Ed. J B Lippincott Co 1990.

PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS-I SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D) 100 Marks 2ND PROFESSIONAL

A.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION: History,Pharmacology and its classification,Drug and their sources. 2. ROUTE OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION:
Advantages and disadvantages of Enteral routes,advantages and disadvantages of Parenteral routes and advantages and disadvantages of Topical routes.

3. PHARMACOKINETICS: Drug solubility and passage of drug across the body

membranes,plasma concentration of drug and various factors affecting it(Absorption and factors influencing the rate of absorption(GIT and other routes)of drug,the Distribution and factors factors influencing the rate of distribution of drug,Biotransformation and and factors factors

influencing the rate of Biotransformation of drugs,Excretion,channels of excretion and The and factors f influencing the rate of Excretion of drugs, Definition of(Bioavailability & Bioequivalence,Therapeutic index,Plasma Half life(t1/2),Dose Response Curve,Area under thecurve(AUC),Volume of Distribution.

4.

PHARMACODYNAMICS:

B.

DRUGS ACING ON AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. Organization of ANS it is subdivisions and innervations. 2. Neurotransmitters in ANS,their synthesis,release and fate. 3.

Drug reseptors and theories,Mechanisms of drug action,specificity of drug action and factors modefying yhe action and dosage of drugs.

Sympathetic antagonist drugs: Adrenergics Nerve Blockers,Arenoceptor antagonists(Alpha adrenergic blockers and Beta adrenergic blockers).

4. 5. 6.
7. 8.

Sympathetic agonist drugs Catecholamines and Non-catecholamines. ParaSympathetic(Cholinergic)agonist and antichlinestrase inhibitors. ParaSympathetic antagonists.
Drugs acting in Gangilia (Gangilian stimulants and Neuromuscular blocking drugs.

Gangilion blockers).

C.

DRUGS ACTING ON GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: 1. Antacids:

i. ii. iii.

Systemic antacids:

Sodium Aluminum hydroxide, of peptic ulcer:

bicarbonate, sodium citrate. Non-systemic antacids: Drug used for magnesium trisilicate, calcium carbonate. treatment Cimetidine, ranitidine.

2.

Purgatives and Laxatives

Anthraquinone droup, castor oil, magnesium salts, sodium tartrate, bulk laxatives, emollient laxatives, liquid paraffin.

3.

Emetics and Antiemeties

Apomorphine, antihistamines: sodium chloride, metchlopramide, promazine, chlorpromazine,

promethazine, cyclizine, cinnarizine.

4.

Anti-Diarrhoeaials
Koalin and pectin, diphenoxylate, loperamide, attapulgite.

D.

DRUGS ACTIG ON CARDIO-VESCULAR SYSTEM:

1. Angina pectorus and it is drug treatment. 2. Congestive Heart Failure and it is tretment. 3. Anti-arrhythmic drugs. 4. Agents used in Hyperlipideima. 5. Coagulants and Anti-coagulants. 6. Antihypertensive. 7. Diuretics.

E.

DRUGS ACTING ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 1. 2. Drug used forCough:

Antitussive,Expectorant and Mycolytic agents

Drug treatment of Bronchial Asthma:

(Brochodlators,Cromoglcate,Nedocromil,Cortecosteroids and other

Anti-inflommatory drugs and Muscarinic reseptor antagonists.

F.

AUTACOIDS AND THEIR AGONISTS:

Histamine and Anti-histamine,Serotenin and Seroyenin Antagonists and other Autacoids.

G.

ANTI-ANREMIC DRUGS:

NOTE 1. Only an introduction will be given of the banned and obsolete drug products. 2. While dealing with Pharmacology stress should be laid to the group action of related drugs and only important differences should be discused of the individual drugs placed in same group. 3. Newly introduced drugs sholud be included in the Syllabus while drugs with no clinical and therapeutic values ought to be excluded from Syallbus at any time. 4. The prototype drugs in each group from the latest edition of the recommended books. Practical NOTE :
Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned thoeratical topics and availabilty of the facilities e.g.Preparation of standard

solution,Ringer solution, Tyrode solution,Kreb solution,Normal saline solution, To demonstrate the effects of sympatholytic drugs (Propranolol)on Frog's heart,To demonstrate the effects of Parasympatholytic(Atropin)and

Parasympathomimetic (Acetylcholine) drugs on Frog's heart,To demonstrate the effect of unknown drugs on Frog's heart,Route of drug administartion, To demonstarte the effects of vasoconistrictor drugs on Frog's blood vessels.To demonstrate the effects of stimulant drugs on Rabbit's intestine.(Acetylcholine, Barium chloride)To demonstrate the effects of depressent drugs on Rabbit's intestine(Atropine),To deffrentiate the effects of unknown drug on Rabbit's intestine and identify the(unknown)drug.To study the effects of Adrenaline on Rabbit' eyes,To study the effects of Homatropine on Rabbit' s eyes. To study the effects of Pilocarpine on Rabbit' s eyes. To study the effects of Local Anethetic drugs(Cocain) on Rabbit' s eyes.To identify the unknown drug & differentiate its effects on Rabbit' eyes. NOTE
Minimum Tewnty Practicals will be conducted.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Goodman 2. Wingurd Gillman and Pharmacological basis of Year

Therapeutics.McGraw-Hill Book company,New York,1996. Brody,Human Pharmacology,Mosby book,Boston,1991. 3. James M Ritter and Lionel De Levis,A Text book of Clinical Pharmacology,Oxford University Press,New York,1995. 4. R S Statorkar and S D Bhandarak, Pharmacology and Therapeutics popular Parkashan,Bomby,1993.

5. J D Tripathy Essential of Medical Pharmacology,Japees Brother,New Delhi,4th Ed.2000. 6. 7. 8. D R Laurance,Clinical Pharmacology,ELBS,London,6th Ed.1987. Katzung B G Basic and clinical Pharmacology,McGraw-Hill Lippincott,Pharmacology,Lippincott William & Medical publishers,NewYork,8th Ed.2001. Willkin,USA,2001. 9.Manuchair Brown&company,London,1993. 10. 11. 12. 13. Prof.Dr A Qayum,Fundamentals of Expermental Pharmacolog. Bertram G K,Basic and Clinical Pharmacology,paramount William Qayum A F Ganong, W F,Review of of Medical publishing Business&Professional Group,USA,6th Ed.,1995. Physiology,prentice Hall International Inc,New Jersey. Fundamentals Expermental Pharmacolog.Ghandhara University,Peshawar,2004. Edabi,Pharmacology,Little

PHARMACOGNOSY-I SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D) 100 Marks nd 2 PROFESSIONAL

THEORY
1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION: History and Historical development, scope and Terminology used in Pharmacognosy.Microscopic structure of plant cell and its function, Brief Account of Tissue and Tissue System and Anatomy as detailed below:i. ii. Brief description of leaf, bark, wood, fruit, seeds, roots and rhizomes. Anatomy of leaf, bark, of wood, root and rhizomes.Evaluation storage of Crude Drugs. ii. 2. Production and Commerce of Crude Drugs. General introduction of various methods of classification of crude drugs like Alphabetical, Texonomical, Morphological, Chemical and Therapeutical. 3. Plant Growth Regulators: Definition and General Description of the plant growth regulators, Details of the following Growth Hormones. AUXINS, GIBBERRELLINS AND CYTOKININS 7. The study of the:iii. Allergens and Allergenic preparation. Crude Drugs.Detailed

discussion on Cultivation, Collection, Drying and

iv. v.

Testing Methods for Irritancy allergy. Types of Allergens such as Inhalant, Ingestant, Injectant, Allergens. Contactant, Infectant and Infestant

8.

Enzymes vi. vii. Introduction Classification and General Properties of Enzymes. Enzymes obtained from plant sources. Papin and Bromelain or Bromeline. viii. Enzymes obtained from Animal Sources. Pepsin and Rennin.

9.

Poisonous Plant. General Introduction, source and toxic manifestation of poisonous plants with special reference to Pakistan. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Gastro Enteric Irritants:Podophylium, Solanum and Colchicum. Cardiovascular Disturbance producing plans: Digitalis and Aconitum. Plants producing Nicotine Like action: Nicotiana and Lobelia. Atropine Containing Plants. Atropa, Datura and Hyoscyamus. Plants Acting on CNS Cannabis. Cyanogenetic Plants: Prunus amygdolis, Manihot utilissima.

10.

Drugs of Animal Origin: General Introduction and discussion with special reference to:Honey Gelatin, Cod Liver oil, Cantharides, cochineal and

spermacetes. 11. Pesticides: Definition, types of pests requiring control, methods of control of pests and chemicals used in pest control. 12. Fibers and Surgical Dressings: Definition and general description, preparation, structure, Diagnostic characters, Tests, Constituents and uses of the following fibers. Cotton, Rayon, Wool, Absorbent cotton etc.

PRACTICALS
Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of above mentioned theoratical topics and availability of the facilities,e.g.Introduction of the entire and broken parts of the plant drug(Macro and Organoleptic characters).Microscopic examination of powders and sections of plant drugs. (Note: Aminimum of 20 practicals will be conducted). A study tour will be an inegral part of the syllabus and will be arranged at the end of the session for collection of medicinal plants from Northten Areas of the country.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. 2. 3. V E Tyler, L R Brady and G E Robbers,Pharmacognosy 9th ED. Lea and Febiger, Philadelpia 1988. G E Trease and W C Evans, Pharamcognosy,W B Sanunders Philadelphia,Toronto 2002 K Usmanghani Topics inPharmacognosy,University Series, Islamabad Grants Commission Monograph

pp74,1985

4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

T E Wellis, Text bok of Pharmacognosy CBS publishers and distributors New Delhi 1986. Varro E Tayllor Pharmacognosy Lee Febiger Philadelpia 9th Ed. Muhammad Ali Introduction to Pharmacognosy CBS publishers and distributors New Delhi 1986. K Usmanghani Chemical Pharmacognosy University Grants Commission , Islamabad ,1985 Younking H W, Text book of Pharmacognosy the Blakistone Co Toronto 6th Ed,1984.

PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)
MARKS: 100 2ND PROFESSIONAL

1. GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY: Historical introduction, Scope of Microbiology with special reference to pharmaceutical sciences, Nomenclature and classification of Micro-Organisms. 2. ORGANISM: THE BACTERIA: General and Cellular Morphology,structure and function,classification of bacteria,Growth curve,growth factors and growth characteristics,Nutrition requirements and Nutrition factors affecting growth, Culture Media,Bacterial culture and staining methods. THE VIRUSES: Introduction,Classification(and detail of at least one species from every group),Cultivation and Replication. 3. THE FUNGAL/YEAST/MOLDS 4. THE NORMAL FLORA Microbiology of Air,Water and Soil(general introduction and normal of Air,Water and Soil. 5. THE PROTOZOA 6. INDUSTERIAL MICROBIOLOGY Introduction ,pharmaceutical to sterilization/Disinfection. produced by fermentation process products fermentation

(Pencillins,Cephalosporins, Gentamycin,Erythromycin,Tetracyclines,Rifampicin,Griseofulvin).

7. IMMUNOLOGY Introduction,types of immunity,Specific and non-Specific(cellular basis Antigen-Antibody reaction of and their and clinical and HYGIENE and immune diagnostic Allergy of GOOD response.immunity,autoimmunity,tolerance,Antigen,Antibodies), applications,Hypersensitivity Allergy.Drug aims,type AND

mechanism,Vaccination.Introduction Vaccines,Current Vaccine practices. 8. FACTORY AND HOSPITAL

MANUFACTURRING PRACTICE(GMP) Introduction, control of Microbial Contamination during Manufacture,Manufacture of sterile products, A Guide to current Good Manufacturing Pharmaceutical Practices.

PRACTICALS: NOTE:
The practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the facilities. e.g: Sterilization of Glassware and pharmaceutical products by various methods,Microbiological assay of Antibiotics and Vitamins, Preparation of general and selective media and micro-organisms,Total and viable counts of micro-organisms,Morphological and selective biochemical characterization of some specimen,Staining of bacteria,gram method,acid fast,Gimasas staining,Casule staining,Flagella staining and Spore staining,Microbiological analysis of air,water and soil. NOTE: (A minimum of 20 practicals will be conducted).

BOOKS RECOMMENDED
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Jawetiz ,Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 5th Ed Churchill Livingstone, London 1998. W B Hugo and A D Russel Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Black Well Science Ltd London 6th Ed. 1998. Lippicott, Microbiology by Lippincott, William and Willkin, USA 2001. Alcamo, Introduction to Microbiology John Bartlett publishers 6th Ed 2003. Collin and Lynes Microbiological Methods Vutterwoth Heineman,Oxford 1995. M Mekallee Microbiology Essential and Application, McGraw-Hill Inc 2nd Ed. Singletone and Sainbury Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, John Willey and sons,New York 2000. Pelczar Microbiology, McGraw-Hill Inc 1996. Prescott, Harley Microbiology 2nd Ed, Klein Wm ,C Brown publishers 2001.

PAKISTAN STUDIES AND ISLAMIC STUDIES SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D) MARKS 100 ND 2 PROFESSIONAL

PAKISTAN STUDIES

MARKS 40

1.

IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN
a) i) ii) The purpose for the creation of Pakistan. Its meaning and scope. Ideology of Pakistan in the light of the sayings of Allama Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam. b) Ideology of Pakistan

2.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF PAKISTAN IDEOLOGY

c) Reformation and Educational Movements. i) ii) Islamic Reformation Movements, Sheikh Ahmad Waliullah and their successors Educational Movements (Aligarh, Deoband, Nadwa, Anjuman Himayat-e-Islam, Sind, Madrassa and the Islamia College, Peshawar. d) Educational Struggle i) ii) Constitutional Reforms and Muslims separate Electrode Khilafat Movements. Sarhindi and

3.

PAKISTAN MOVEMENTS
i) Muslim Nationalism and the Evolution of the two nations

Theory. j) The Indian independence and the Muslims. k) Allahabad address of Allama Iqbal (1930) l) General Elections of 1937 and the attitude of Congress Government towards the Muslims. m) Pakistan Resolution, 1940. n) General Elections of 1916 and the transfer of power.

4. 5.

ESTABLISHMENT OF PAKISTAN
Early problems and significant events.

EFFORTS TO INTRODUCE ISLAMIC SYSTEM IN PAKISTAN

i. The objective resolution. ii. Islamic provisions in the constitutions of 1956, 1962 and 1973. iii. Initial steps for the introduction of sariah. iv. Our Destination: Introduction of complete Islamic system.

6.

LAND OF PAKISTAN
i. ii. iii. iv. v. Geography: Locations and Geographic importance, Natural Resources. Agriculture. Industry Manpower (Education)

Rural and Urban Areas.

7.
i. ii.

PAKISTAN AND THE MUSLIM WORLD

Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC) Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) (One Separate Sheet)

ISLAMIC STUDIES Marks 60

MARKS

THIRD PROFESSIONAL
Theory Practical Total Paper 1. Paper 2. Paper 3. Paper 4. Paper 5. Pharmaceutics-III (Dispensing and Hospital Pharmacy) Pharmacognosy-II Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II (Insrumentation) Pharmacology & Therapeutics-II Pathology 100 100 100 100 50 100 100 100 100 50 TOTAL 200 200 200 200 100 900

____________________ ___ DEAN Faculty of Pharmacy

PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-II (ANALYTICAL & INSTRUMENTATION) SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D) 100 Marks RD 3 PROFESSIONAL
1. 2. FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION UV-VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY
Introduction, spectroscopy, chromophoric intensity application. Absorption type of solvent concept, Law, Theory of Electronic the and electronic Auxochroms, effects, transition, absorption

shift,

instrumentation,

3.

INFRA-RED SPECTROSCOPY
Introduction Basic principles, type of st-retching and bending vibration, vibrational frequency, Instrumentation, sampling techniques, applications, Factors which influence the vibrational frequencies.

4.

NUCLEAS MAGNETIC RESONENCE (NMR )

Introduction, Basic principles, chemical shift, spin-spin ionpling, instrumentation, applications.

5.

MASS SPECTROSCOPY
Basic principle, theory, ion instrumentation, & peaks, Isotopes abundance, Metastable Fragmentation

process, application.

6. 7. 8. 9.

FLORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY
Theory, Instrumentation, analytical applications.

HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY GAS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY ION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY

10. ELECTROPHORESIS 11. POTENTIOMETRY

Introduction, potentiometric titration with reference to acids-bases, precipitation, complexometric and oxidation reduction titration.

PRACTICAL
Practical of the subject sahll be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of Chemicals and Apparatus. E.g: Determination of the purity and composition of unknown drugs by using at least each of the above techniques. (NOTE: Minimum of 20 practicals will be conducted).

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Lough 1996. 2. 3. William Kemp,Organic spectroscopy,Ellsi Horwood,London 1990. M Aminuddin and Javed Iqbal Theory and Practice of Chromatography,University Grants Commission,Islamabad Pakistan 2000. 4. A H Beckeet and J B Stennlake Practical pharmaceutical chemistry Part I and Part II. The Aulton press London. W J, High Performance Liquid

Chromatography(HPLC) ,Blacki Academic press New York

5.

A M Knvel and F D Digani, Jenkins's Quanititative Pharmaceutical Chemistry.Mc Graw-Hall book company, New York.

6. 7. 8.

Birathwaite

and

Smith

Chromatographic

Method,Chapman and Hall, London. E Heftmann, Chromatography,Von Nostrond Reinheld Co, New York 1975. A Pryed and M J Gilbert Applications of High Liquid Performance Chromatography Chapman and Hall London 1979. 9. 10. E Stahl,Thin Layer Chromatography, Springer-Verlage, Berlin 1969. R Hamilton Introduction to HPLC, P and Hall, London 1982. A Sewell,Chapman

PATHOLOGY SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D) 50 Marks 3rd PROFESSIONAL
1. SCOPE OF PATHOLOGY AND CONCEPT OF DISEASES: 2. DEFFINTIONS AND TERMINOLOGY: Ischemia,Hypoxia,Necrosis,Infraction,Atrophy,Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia,Metaplasia,Aplasia,Anaplasia. 3. RESPONSE OF BODY TO INJURY AND INFECTIONS: Acute Inflammation, Chronic Inflammation, Immunity, Allergy, Hypersensitivity. 4. SPECIFIC: Ulcer (Peptic and Duodenal), Hypertension, Leukemia or Blood cancer (Malignant Carcinoma, Sarcoma and Lymphoma),Diagnosis and treatment of Cancer in general, fate, survival and prognosis with tumor.

PRACTICALS
Study of pathological slides of various pathological conditions:

Acute Inflammation, Chronic Inflammation, Chronic specific Inflammation, different types of Degeneration, Thrombosis,
Embolism, Infraction, Necrosis, Gangren,Hyperplasia, Metaplasia, pigmentation, Calcification, CVC, Papilloma, Adenoma, Chondroma, Fibroma, Leomyoma, Neofibroma, Sq. Adenocarcinoma, Fibrocarcinoma, Rhadomyosarcoma, Leomyosarcoma, Lymphosarcoma,Liposarcoma, Reticular cell Sarcoma, Hodgkings

disease, Breast Carcinoma, Osteogenic Sarcoma, Osteocalstoma. Examination of different body fluids in various pathological conditions: Urine complete Examination, Stool Examination, Blood complete Examination, Semen Examination, Cerebrospinal fluid Examination (CSF),Pericardial fluid Examination, Pleural fluid Examination, Ascetic fluid Examination, Blood Sugar, Blood Urea, Blood Cholesterol etc. Test for various specimens of clinical Importance: Technique of clinical Blood examination for various diseases, Gastric analysis, Test for Liver function, Renal Function test, test for Endocrine abnormalities, Biopsis and cytologic techniques.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Kumar Cotran Robins, Basic Pathology 6th Ed. W B Saunders Company, Philadelpia 1992. 2. Walters and Israel, General Pathology, Churchill Livingstone, London 1998. 3. Peter S Macfarlane, Robin Reid, Robin Collander Pathology Illustrated, Chuchill, Livingstone London 1998. 4. Robbins Pathology W B Saunders Co London 2nd Ed. 1962. 5. Walter G B General Pathology, Chuchill Living stone New York 1996.

PHARMACEUTICS III

(DISPENSING & COMMUNITY PHARMACY) SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D) MARKS 100 RD 3 PROFESSIONAL

A.

DISPENSING (40 MARKS) 1. BASIC PRINCIPLE OF COMPOUNDING AND DISPENSING INCLUDING:

Weight and measures, calculation for compounding and dispensing, Containers interpretation Medication. 2. EXTEMPORANEOUS DISPENSING OF: Fundamental and closure and operation for of in compounding, products, filling, dispensed dispensed prescription, labeling of

Prescription-Handling(parts pricing)

Solutions, Emulsions, Ointments, Creams, Pastes and Gels, Suppositories and pessaries, powders and granules and oral unit dosage forms. 3. PHARMACEUTICAL INCOMPATIBILITIES: Definition, insolubility hydrolysis, examples. Physical, order of chemical mixing, and change therapeutics in solvent incompatibilities in prescription such as due to system, oxidation reduction, acid-base reaction, combination reaction, Manifestations, correction and prevention with reference to typical

4.

INTRODUCTION OF CLASSICAL DOSAGE FORMS

Definitions, Classification, advantages, disadvantages and preparations, lozenges, magmas, pastille, throat paint, inhalation, glycerite.

5.
6.

RADIO

PHARMACY

TECHNIQUES

AND

APPLICATIONS I.V ADMIXTURERES

B. COMMUNITY PHARMACY (60 MARKS)

1. 2. DEFINITIONS AND BACKGROUND: PUBLIC HEALTH AND COMMUNITY PHARMACY:
Epidemeology and it is control, preventive health(EPI & CDC), Family Planning and health policy and national drug policy.

3. 4.

PATIENT ASSESSMENT: MEDICAL THERAPY:

General and socio-economic aspects.

COMPLICATION

OF

DRUG

5. 6. 7. 8.

PATIENT PHARMACIST COMMUNICATION: PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSLLING: CONTROL OF DRUG ABUSE AND MISUSE: ROLE OF PHARMACIST AS:
A Public health Educator in the community of drug monitoring and drug information.

Practical
Practical of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and

availability of the facilities. E.g. Practical introduction to prescription labeling, handling, interpretation and filling. Mixtures: Dispensing of simple mixture containing soluble substances only, mixtures containing diffusible substances in diffusible substances and mixture forming precipitate. Powders: Dispensing of simple powders, compound powders and effervescent powders for external use. Incompatibility: Practical importance of incompatibilities. Ointments and Creams: Dispensing of Iodine and Methyl Salicylate ointment, dispensing of cold and vanishing creams. Cosmetics: Lipstick, Talcum powder, after shave lotions, shaving creams. (NOTE: A minimum of 20 Practical will be conducted).

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Cooper and Guns Dispensing CBS Publishers and distributors New Delhi 1986. Hussas Dispensing. Roy Robertson, Management of Drug Users in the Community: A Practical Hand Book. Remingtons Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack publishing company USA 2001. Martindales Extra Pharmacopeia.

PHARMACOGNOSY-II SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D) Marks 100 rd 3 PROFESSIONAL

1.

Extraction Methods, separation, fractionation and isolation techniques of bioactive plant constituents such as: i. ii. iii. iv. Column adsorption chromatography Thin layer and thick layer chromatography. Paper chromatography Column partition chromatography and pharmaceutical application of the

2.

Sources, Geographical distribution, collection constituents, Adulteration 1. ALKALOIDS General description of alkaloids, classification of alkaloids detail study of the following classes of alkaloids. following classes/groups of Naturally Occurring Drugs.

i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii.

Pyridine alkaloids Tropane alkaloids Belladonna Imidazol alkaloids quinoline alkaloids Isoquinoline alkaloids Indole alkaloids steroidal alkaloids Diterpene alkaloids

Tobacco Hyoscyamus, Pilocarpus Cinchona Opium Ipecac curare Erqot Rauwolfia, Nux-vomica veratum Aconite Datura and

ix. x.

Phenethylamine group (Alkaloidal amines) Purine basis 2. GLYCOSIDES

Ephedra colchicum Coffee

General description classification of glycosides detail study of the following Glycosidal plants. i. ii. iii. iv. Cardio active (Steroidal) Anthraquinone glycosides Saponins Glycosides Cyanophore glycosides Digitalis Senna, Glycyrrhiza wild cherry aloe, strophanthus Rhubarb

3.

TANNINS
General description of the Tannins with detail study of the following drug plants. Gambir, Nutgall and hamamalis

4.

VOLATILE OILS
Introduction Significance methods of obtaining Volatile oils classification and uses of the following plant products.

a. b. c. d. e. f. g.

Hydrocarbon Volatile oil:

turpentine oil, coriander and

Alcoholic Volatile oils: Peppermint,

cardamom Aldehydic volatile oils: Cinnamon, Bitter almond oil Ketonic Volatile oil: Phenolic Volatile oil: Oxide volatile oil: Ester volatile oil: a. Glycoresins: Camphor spearmint Clove Fennel Eucalyptus Rosemary Podophyllum, colocynth, jalap,

5.

Resins and resin combinations

Ipomoea. b. Oleoresins: c. Oleogumresins: d. Balsams: bees wax. 7. Study of antitumor agents from natural sources. 8. Study of herbal drugs used in traditional practice in Pakistan unani and Aurevadic system of medicine. Turpentine, ginger Asafoetida Storax Tolubalsm, Benzoin

6. Fixed Oils ,Castor oil, shark liver oil, linseed oil, olive oil,

PRACTICAL
NOTE: Practicals shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the facilities, E.g: Extaction of the active constituents of the crude drugs and chemical tests for their identification , Isolation and separation of the active constituents of the crude drugs by paper and thin layer Chromatography. (NOTE: Aminimum of 20 practicals will be conducted).

BOOKS RECOMMENDED
1. 2. 3. Varo E Tyler, L.R. Brady and Roberts Pharmacognosy 9th Ed. Lea and Febiger. Philadelphia 1988. G E Trease and W C Evans, Pharmacognosy, W B Saunders Philadelphia, Toront 2002. K Usmanghani Topics in Pharmacognosy, University Grants Commission Monograph series, Islamabad pp 74., 1985. 4. T E Wi\ellis text book of Pharmacognosy, CBS Publishers and distributors New Delhi 1986.

5. 6. 7.

Mohammed Ali Introduction to Pharmacognosy, CBS Publishers ans Distributors New Delhi 1986. K Usmanghani Chemical Pharmacognosy University Grants Commission Islamabad 1986. Younking H W, Text Book of Pharmacognosy the Blakiston Co, Toronbto 6th 1948.

PHARMACOLOGY II (CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY) SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D) Marks 100 3rd PROFESSIONAL

1.

DRUGS ACTING ON CNS:

A. CNS Depressants: Antipyretics Sedatives and and & Hypnotics and Analgesics(narcotic analgesics analgesics opiod antagonists,

Anti-Inflammatory

Drugs(NSAIDs) including Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and Drugs treatment of Gout). b. CNS Stimulants: Spinal Cerebral stimulants, Modularly stimulants, Cord stimulants, antidepressants,

psycohtomimetics or Hallucinogenic, Psychotherapeutics agents (Anxilytics and ati-psychotics0, Drug treatment of Epilepsy and drug treatment of Parkinsoism and other movements disorders.

2.

ANAESTHETICS:
i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. Anesthesia and its clinical importance. General Anesthesia ,Mechanism of action and its application. Geeneral Aneshesia. Local Anesthesia. Spinal Anesthesia and drugs used. Techniques of Local Anesthesia. Classification of Drugs. Anti-Microbial: Fungals, Sulphonamides, Anti-Virals, Antiand of protozoals (treatment of Malaria ane Ameboiasis) Anti Antheilimintics, Antineoplastic treatment Immuinosupressent drugs,Drugs

3.

CHEMOTHERAPY:
i. ii.

Leprosy and Anti-Biotics(Pencillins, Cephalosporins, Aminoglycosides,Tetracyclines, Macrolides, antibiotics) iii. iv. Anti-hypertensive drugs. Steriods and antisteroid drugs. Quinolones and Chloramphenicol, Miscellaneouss

4.

HORMONES,ANTAGONISTS AND OTHER AGENTS AFFECTING ENDOCRINE FUNCTIOS: i. Endocrine functions and dysfunctions ii. Drugs used in the therapy of Diabetis Mellitus:Insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents. iii. Corticosteroids. iv. Thyroid Hormones and anti-thyroid drugs.

5.

TOXICOLOGY:
i. ii. Pollution and its types(Water, Air and Food). Poison and principle for treatment of poisoning.

iii.

Poisoning (sign & symptoms and treatment): Ethanol, Barbiturates, Digitalis, Salicylates, Strychnin, narcotics, Nicotine, Paracetamol, Benzodiazebines and Organophosphours compounds.

iv.

Chelating

agents

and

their

role

in

poisoning: edentate,

Dimercaprol, NOTE:

Calcium

disodium

Pencillinamine and Defroxamine 1.Only introduction will be given of the banned and obsolete drug products. 2. While dealing with pharmacology strees should be laid to the group actions related drug and only important differences should be discussed of the individual drug placed in same group. 3. Newly introduced drugs should be included in the syallbus while drugs with no clinical therapeutic values ought to be excluded from syllabus at any time. 4. The prototype drugs in each group from the latest edition of recommended books.

Practical
NOTE: Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the abobve nentioned theoretical topics and

the availability of the facilities. E.g: To study convalusant effects of strychnine and picrotoxin in fogs and determine the site of action, To identify the unknown(convalusant) drug and determine its site of action, To study the effects of Adrenalin on Human Eyes, To study the effects of Pilocarpine on Human Eyes, To study the effects of Homatotropine on Human Eyes. To identify and obseve the effects of unknown drugs on Human Eyes, To study the effects of local Anesthetics drugs on Human and the nerve Plexus of Frogs, To identify and differentiates the effects of unknown drugs on Human and the nerve Plexus of frogs, abdominas muscle of frog and competitive pharmacological antagonism by neuromuscular blocking agents e.g Gllamin. To identify the unknown drugs by performing pharmacological competitive antagonism on Rectus abdominas muscles of frogs, To study the anticoagulant drugs using Rabbits, To Demonstrate the graded Dose-Response curves. (NOTE: Aminimum of 20 practicals should be conducted).

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. 2. Goodman Wingurd and Gillman Pharmacological basis of Year

Therapeutics.McGraw-Hill Book company,New York,1996. Brody,Human Pharmacology,Mosby book,Boston,1991. 3. James M Ritter and Lionel De Levis,A Text book of Clinical Pharmacology,Oxford University Press,New York,1995. 4. R S Statorkar and S D Bhandarak, Pharmacology and Therapeutics popular Parkashan,Bomby,1993. 5. J D Tripathy Essential of Medical Pharmacology,Japees

Brother,New Delhi,4th Ed.2000. 6. 7. 8. D R Laurance,Clinical Pharmacology,ELBS,London,6th Ed.1987. Katzung B G Basic and clinical Pharmacology,McGraw-Hill Lippincott,Pharmacology,Lippincott William & Medical publishers,NewYork,8th Ed.2001. Willkin,USA,2001. 9.Manuchair Brown&company,London,1993. 10. 11. 12. 13. Prof.Dr A Qayum,Fundamentals of Expermental Pharmacolog. Bertram G K,Basic and Clinical Pharmacology,paramount William Qayum A F Ganong, W F,Review of of Medical publishing Business&Professional Group,USA,6th Ed.,1995. Physiology,prentice Hall International Inc,New Jersey. Fundamentals Expermental Pharmacolog.Ghandhara University,Peshawar,2004. Edabi,Pharmacology,Little

MARKS

FOURTH PROFESSIONAL
Theory Paper 1. Paper 2. Paper 3. Paper 4. Paper 5. Pharmaceutics-IV (HospitalPharmacy) Pharmaceutics-V (Clinical Pharmacy) Pharmaceutics-VI (Industerial Pharmacy) Pharmaceutics-VII(Biopharmaceutics) Pharmaceutics-VIII (Pharmaceutical Quality Control) 100 100 100 100 100 Practical 100 100 100 100 Total 100 200 200 200 200

TOTAL

900

____________________ ___ DEAN Faculty of Pharmacy

PHARMACEUTICS-V (CLINICAL PHARMACY) SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D) 100 MARKS 4TH PROFESSIONAL

1.

GENERAL PHARMACY
Terminology,

INTRODUCTION
definition of clinical

TO

CLINICAL
Basic

practice.

components, scope i.e drug distribution system, drug information, drug utilization and formal education and training.

2.

PATIENT DRUG PROFILE.

a. Patient disease profile. b. taking case history. c. Drug profle of Anti-TB, 25 Drugs( Adrenalin, Aminoglycosides, Atropine, Benzodiazebines, Furesmide, Antiepileptics, Dopamine,

Chepkalosporin, Chloramphenramine, Cemitidine, Digoxin, Doubtamine, Lactulose, Fluroquinolones, Macrolides, Metoclopramide,

Morphine/Pehedine, Nifedipine, NSAIDs, ORS,Pencillins

Prednisolone, Salbutamole and Vancomycin)

3.

CLINICAL TRIALS OF DRUG SUBSTANCES.

Designing of clinical trials, types of trials, choice of patients, exclusion of patients, monitoring a clinical trial.

4.

DRUG
a)

INTERACTIONS

AND

ADVERSE

DRUG

REACTIONS.
Drug interactions mechanism physiological factors affecting interaction, Types of drug interactions, Role of pharmacist in evaluating drug interactions. b) Adverse drug reactions: Classification, Excessive pharmaceutical response, Idiosyncrasy, Secondary pharmacological effects, Allergic drug reactions, General Toxicity, Toxicity following drug withdrawal.

5.

UTILIZATION OF CLINICAL DRUG LITERATURE

Introduction, Drug literature selection, Drug literature evaluation, Drug literature communication.

6. USES OF COMPUTER IN CLINICAL PHARMACY

Biopharmaceutics, bioavailability, therapeutics Generic drug equivalence, disposition, biotransformation, bioequivalence, pharmacokinetics,

therapeutic equivalents.

7. 8.

DRUGS INDUSING DISEASES: EMERGANCY TREATMENT

PRACTICALS
Clerkship in the clinical setting project related to the clinical

Pharmacy practices will be completed by the students and will be evaluated by the External Examiner.

RECOMMANDED BOOKS

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Roger

Walker

Clinical

Pharmacy

and

therapeutics,

Churchikk Levinstone London 3rd Ed.2003. Guard Paul A Behavirol Approach to Pharmacy practice, Black Well USA 2000. Herfindal Gourley Clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, William and Willkings London 1992. A J Winfield pharmaceutical practice Churchill Levistone London 2nd Ed. 1998. Kaving Taylor Pharmacy practice, Taylor and Francis, New York 1998. Deborah Rosenbaun Clinical Research Coordinator Hand Book 2nd Ed. Sarrison, Inc, North Carolina USA. Simon Cook, Clinical Studies Manegnment, Apractical Quide to Success, Sue Horwood Publishing limited West Sussex UK. 8. 9. 10. Joseph T Dipiro, Encyclopedia of Clinical Pharmacy Marcel Dekker publishing 2003. Mellainie J Rantucci, Pharmacist talking with bpatients 1997. Smith GDG and Aronson J K Oxford Text Book of clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy Oxford University Press, UK 1990.

11.

Hansten P and Horn J Drug interactions, Lee and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA, 1998.

PHARMACEUTICS-IV (HOSPITAL PHARMACY) SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D) 100 MARKS 4TH PROFESSIONAL

2.

INTRODUCTION TO HOSPITAL PHARMACY

Definition of hospital pharmacy, minimum standard for Pharmacies in hospitals, administration facilities, drugs distribution, drug information, and abilities required for hospital pharmacist, management of pharmacy department in an institution, participation in research, participation in educational activities, responsibilities and duties of hospital pharmacist.

3.

HOSPITAL AND ITS ORGANIZATION

Definition, classification, organization, administration, medical staff, clinical department, nursing services, dietetic service,Radiology and other

supportive services medical record department, blood bank, pathology service.

4.

PHARMACY,ITS PERSONNEL

ORGANIZATION

&

Supportive personnel, performance requirement for pharmacist, departmental activity chart, charting of pharmacy organization, organization of a large hospital pharmacy operation, control of personnel.

5.

PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTICS COMMITTEE

Definition, purpose, function and scope of committee, policies of committee, membership, committees agenda, committees role in adverse drug action, drug reaction, drug utilization review, emergency drug lists.

6.

PURCHASING AND INVENTORY CONTROL

Purchasing, agent vs. pharmacist, role of pharmacist in drug procurement, purchasing procedure, store room arrangement.

7.

IN PATIENT DISPENSING
Guide lines for hospital drug distribution system, charge and non charge floor stock drugs, drug basket method, mobile dispensing unit, unit dose dispensing, self medication programs.

9.

DISPENSING TO AMBULATORY PATIENT

Pharmaceutical services to ambulant patient, location of out patient dispensing area, types of prescription received, dispensing routine.

9.

HOSPITAL FORMULARY
A. General principles and Guidelines to develop formulary.

B. Format. C. Preparation of the Formulary and Role of the Pharmacist. D. Benefits and Problems. E. Keeping up-to-date Formulary. F. Contraceptives.

10.DISTRIBUTION OF CONTROL SUBSTANCES 11.DISPENSING DURING OFF HOURS 12.SAFE USE OF MEDICATIONS IN HOSPITAL
(a) (b) (c) Medication errors. Evaluation and precaution of Medication errors. Role of Pharmacist in control of medication errors.

13.MANUFACTURING BULK AND STERILE 14.THE ROOM 15.ASEPTIC DISPENSING 16.ROLE OF PHARMACIST IN SMALL HOSPITALS 17.NUCLEAR PHARMACY 18.THE PHYSICAL PLANT AND ITS EQUIPEMENT 19.INVESTIGATIONAL USE OF DRUGS 20.HEALTH ACCESSORIES 21.SURGICAL SUPPLIES 22.INSPECTION OF WARDS WITH REFRENCE TO DRUG STORAGE AND ADMINSTRATION 23.MANEGEMENT OF ACCIDENT AND EMERGENCY PHARMACY(A&E) 24.COMMON KNOWLEDGE OF ABOUT 100 DRUGS PHARMACY-CENTRAL STERILE SUPPLY

REGISTERED PAKISTAN

BY

M.O.H

GOVERNMENT

OF

RECOMMANDED BOOKS
6. 7. 8. William Hassan Hospital Pharmacy, Lee and Febiger, Washington, 5th Ed. 1986. N I Bukhari, Hospital Pharmacy, Aziz Book Depot, Lahore, Pakistan 2000. Martin Stephen, Hospiotal Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical press London, 2003.

PHARMACEUTICS-VIII (PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY CONTROL) SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D) Marks 100 th 4 PROFESSIONAL
1. SCOPE
An understanding of the testing, quality control program and methods adopted in the pharmaceutical industry, dosage form control, process control, testing program and methods, physical, chemical and biological tests and specification.

2.

QUALITY CONTROL TESTS FOR TABLETS

Physical tests-hardness, thickness and diameter, friability, disintegration, weight variation, chemical tests content uniformity, assay of active ingredient, dissolution.

3.

QUALITY CONTROL TESTS FOR CAPSULES:

Disintegration test, uniformity of weight, assay of active ingredient.

4.

EVALUATION OF SUSTAINED ACTION PRODUCTS (TABLETS)

Stability of availability rate during storage, in vivo evaluation, in vitro evaluation of sustaining action.

5.

QUALITY CONTROL TESTS FOR SUPPOSITORIES:

Disintegration test, uniformity of weight, assay of

active ingredient, melting rang test, liquefaction time test and breaking test.

6.

QUALITY CONTROL TESTS FOR STERILE PRODUCTS (PARENTERALS)

Leakers test, clarity test, pyrogen test, sterility test for parenterals and other sterile preparations, and assay for active ingredient lab test.

7.

BIOLOGICAL ASSAYS
Biological methods, standard preparations and units of activity, bioassay of antibiotics, insulin injection, prepared digitalis, and vitamin D.

8.

ALCOHOL DETERMINATION
Alcohol metric method, problems during distillation of alcohol, method for liquids containing less than 30% or more than 30% alcohol, and special treatment before distillation.

9.

ALKALOIDAL DRUG ASSAY

Weighing for assay, extraction of drug maceration, percolation, continuous extraction, purification, of alkaloids, and determination of alkaloids.

10. MISCELLANEOUS DETERMINATIONS AND TESTS

Determination of weight per milliliter, water, moisture content, loss on drying, toxicity test, and identification test.

12.GENERAL

KNOWLEDGE

OF

APPENDCES

ATTACHED TO B.P, CONTROL, CHARTS

BPC AND USP DURING MANUFACTURING

13.STATISTICAL INTERPRETATION OF QUALITY

PROCESS

PRACTICAL
Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned thoeratical topics and availabilty of the facilities. E.g. Asssay of various spirits, Tinctures, Extracts, Syrups and Elixirs, Assay of Onitments and Suppositories, Assay of tablets and Capsules, Test of Alkalinity of glass, Detrmination of alcohol contents in the pharmaceutical preparations and Pyrogen test, Sterility test,, Determination of Ash contents, Determination of Moisure contents, Determination of total solides, Determination of Viscosity of Syrup, gels, etc, Determination of Emulsion types.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. 2. A H Bekett and J B Stennlake, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, part-II and II, The Alton press, London. A M Knevel and F E Digani, Jenkin's Quantitative Pharmaceutical Chemistry, McGraw-Hill book company, New York. 3. 4. 5. 6. K A Connors a text book of pharmaceutical analysis, JohnWiley and Sons, New York. A Braithwaite and F J S mith Chromatographic Methods, Chapman and Hall, London. G D Chiristian Analytical Chemistry, John Wiley and sons New York. Karamt A Javeed Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance in class, 7. Industry and Market, Aziz publishers LahorePakistan 1993. Gil Bismuth and Sosh Neumann, Cleaning, Validation, a

practical approach, CRC press, LLC USA 2003. 8. J T Cartersen and C T Rhodes, Drug Stability, principles and practices 3rd Ed.(revised and expanded) Mercel Dekker, New York 2000. 9. 10. 11. Sydney H Willig, Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceuticals, Marcel D ekker publishing. Brynat R the Pharmaceutical Quality Control Hand book, Aster publishing corporation, Eugene 1989. Braun R E, Introduction to Industerial Analysis, McGrawHill book Co New York 1987.

PHARMACEUTICS-VI INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D) Marks 100 4th Professional

1.

DRYING
Definition, purpose of drying, psychrometry, non-thermal methods of drying, theory of drying, drying of solids loss on drying, moisture content, Equilibrium Moisture Contents (EMC), behavior of solid during drying, classification of solids based on drying behavior, static bed system, moving bed system, mobilized bed system, spray during system, pneumatic system.

2.

EVAPORATION
General principle of evaporation, evaporators, evaporation under reduced pressure.

3.

LYOPHILIZATION
Definition, pharmaceutical applications, pressure temperature phase diagram, essential components of freeze drying system, modification in the process and equipment.

4.

MIXING
Definition, purpose of mixing, types of mixing-liquids mixing-flow equipment characteristics, for batch and mechanism continuous of mixing, mixing, mixer

selection, solid mixing: mechanism of mixing, equipment for

batch and continuous mixing, mixing of solid with liquids, mixer selection.

5.

MILLING AND MICROMERITICS

Definition, pharmaceutical particle of particle size particle applications, and size, and size theory of comminuting, determination measurement, distribution, volume area,

particle surface

shape

determination of surface area type of mills; hummer mill, ball mill, fluid energy mill, cutting mill, roller mill, colloid mill, selection of mill, techniques of milling.

6.

HEAT TRANSFER
Methods of heat transfer, heating of fluid jackets and coils, heat exchangers, design of heating equipment, heat transfer with change of phase, steam as a heating medium, properties of steam, practical aspects of use of steam.

7.

MASS TRANSFER
Brief account of solid/fluid mass transfer and fluid/fluid mass transfer.

8.

FILTRATION AND CLARIFICATION

Definition, theory of filtration, filter media and filter aids, filter selection, non-sterile and sterile operation, testing of filter, filtration equipments-plate and frame press, cartridge filters, edge filter, continuous rotary vacuum filter, disk filter, leaf filter, membrane filtration.

9.

REFRIGERATION
Introduction and basic principle of refrigeration.

10. COMPRESSION AND COMPACTION

a. b. Solid on interface, angle of response, flow rates, mass volume relationship, Hackle plot, Consolidation. Compression (Dry method, Wet method, slugging)

physics of tableting, tablet mechanics and other equipment required, problem involved in tableting, tablet granulation, basic characteristics, granulation properties.

11. TABLET COATING

Equipments used for coating, coating processes, sugar coating, film coating, enteric coating, air suspension coating, coating defects.

12. CAPSULES
Equipment used for the filling of hard gelatin capsule, Lilly & Park Davis, Names of different capsule filling machines, punch method, extemporaneous filling, formulation, finishing, imprinting.

13. SUSTAINED ACTION DOSAGE FORMS

The sustained release concept, practical formulation drug complexes, encapsulated slow release granules, tabletted slow release granules, matrix tablets, controlled release technology.

14. MANUFACTURE OF SUPPOSITORIES

Suppositories for systemic effect, suppository for local effect, specify problems in formulating suppositories.

15. PARENTERALS
Production facilities, arrangement area, clean-up area, preparation area, air cleaning-laminar, flow environment, U.V. radiations, production procedures, cleaning containers and equipments, product preparation preservation, filtration, filling liquids, solids, sealing vials and bottles, ampoules.

16. PACKAGING MATERIALS

Glass containers, plastic containers and their types, drug

plastic

consideration

permeation,

leaching,

sorption,

chemical reactivity modification, collapsible tubes and lamination, closures, film wrapper, blister package, strips package, shrink banding foil, paper or plastic pouches, bottle sealing.

17. LARGE

SCALE

MANUFACTURE

OF

EMULSION

SUSPENSION AND SEMSOLIDS 18. PILOT PLANT SCAL-UP TECHNIQUE

Principles of pharmaceutical Formulation and product Development.

19. KINETIC PRINCIPLES AND STABILITY TESTING THEORETIC CONSIDERATION

Degradation: a) b) c) Physical Factors: Influence of pH, temperature, ionic strength, acid base classis, UV Light. Chemical Factors: Complex chemical reaction oxidation reduction, hydrolysis. Influence of packaging components: Glass, plastic and other materials.

20. STUDY TOUR

To visit the pharmaceutical industries will be an integral part of syllabus.
NOTE:

The candidates are required to work for 300 hours in Factory, Hospital, shop or dispensary, during summer vacation. They must maintain a diary of work signed daily by the manager.

PRACTICAL
1. Study of different parts of single punch machine.

2. Preparation of tablets by direct compression. 3. Preparation of aspirin tablets by dry granulation methods. 4. Preparation of chewable pediatric aspirin tablets. 5. Preparation homogenizer. 6. Evaluation of suspending agent against control. 7. Determination of angle of repose. 8. Filling of hard gelatin capsule with hand operated capsule filling machine. 9. Preparation of glycerin suppositories. 10.Preparation of glycerinated gelatin suppositories. 11.Determination of particle size, determination of granule powder. 12.Evaluation of suspending and flocculating agents individually against control. 13.Preparation of 40% cod liver oil emulsion. 14.Provided sample of powder. 15.Determination of displacement value in suppositories. 16. Determination of moisture cont (MC) and loss on drying of various samples of drugs. of mineral oil emulsion with the help of

RECOMMANDED BOOKS
1. 2. 3. 4. Lackman, Theory and practice of industrial

pharmacy,Verghese publishing House, Bombay 1987. Cooper and Gunn's Tutorial pharmacy CBS Publishers and distributors New Delhi 1986. Bentley's Pharmaceutical Text Book, CBS Publishers and distributors New Delhi 1986. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack publishing company, USA 2001 .

5.

John

Sharp

Good

Pharmaceutical

Manufacturing

Practice, Rational and Compliance.

PHARMACEUTICS -VII (BIOPHARMACEUTICS) SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D) 100 MARKS 4th PROFESSIONAL

1.

DEFINITIONS AND TECHNOLOGY

Biopharmaceutics, bioavailability, therapeutics Generic drug equivalence, disposition, biotransformation, bioequivalence, pharmacokinetics,

therapeutic equivalents.

2.

GASTRO-INTESTINAL

ABSORPTION

AND

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CONSIDERATION
Forces which help intransmembrane movements. pH. Partition theory, lipid solubility, Factors affecting bioavailability.

3.

INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOKINETICS
Determination through Plasma drug level studies. Application pharmacokinetics in clinical situations.

4.

CONCEPT OF COMPARTMENT (S) MODELS

One compartment open mode. Two compartment open model. Three compartment open model. Noncompartmental method of analysis.

5.

BIOLOGICAL HALF-LIFE AND VOLUME OF DISTRIBUTION

Concept, Methods of Determination.

6.

BIOAVAILABILITY STUDIES
Purpose, relative and absolute bioavailability. Determination of bioavailability.

7.

DRUG CLEARANCE
Mechanism, determination and relationship of clearance with half-life.

8.

ELIMINATION OF DRUGS
a) Hepatic Elimination Percent of drug metabolized, drug biotransformation reactions (Phase I reaction and phase II reactions). First pass effect. Hepatic clearance of protein bound drugs. Billiary excretion of drugs. b) Renal Excretion of Drugs. Renal clearance. Tubular secretion. Tubular reabsorption. c) Elimination of Drugs through other organs. Pulmonary excretion. excretion. Salivary excretion. Mammary excretion. Skin excretion. Genital

9.

PROTEIN BINDING
Determination of plasma protein binding. Clinical significance of drug protein binding.

10. FACTORS

AFFECTING

DISSOLUTION

IN

RESPECT OF BIOAVAILABILITY
Methods of in-vitro and in-vivo determination of rate

of dissolution. 11. 12. MULTIPLE DOSAGE REGIMEN INTRAVENOUS INFUSION

13. BIOPHARMACEUTCAL AND PK ASPECTS IN DEVELOPING DOSAGE FORM 14. APPLICATION OF PK AND B.A IN CLINICAL SITUATIONS 15. APPLICATION OF PK IN DISEASE STATES.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Leon 2. Malcoln 3. Milo Shargel Rouland, applied Thomous Pharmacokinetics N and Tozer and Clinical Biopharmaceutics, Appletone and Lange New York 4th Ed. 1999. pharmacokinetics, William and Willkins London 1995. Gibaldi, Biopharmaceutics pharmacokinetics Marchel and Dakker Inc New York 1982. 4. Gibbson and Skett Introduction to Drug Metabolism, Champ and Hall London 1986. 5. Robert E Notari Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Marchel and Dakker Inc New York 1988. 6. Stephan H Curry Drug Dispostion and Pharmacokinetics Black Well Scientific publishing Oxford 1977. 7. Avraham Yacobi Toxicokinetics and New Drug Development, Paramount press, New York 1989. 8. Sarfraz Niazi Text book of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Appleton-Century-Crofts, new York 1985. 9. P Macheras, C Reppas and J B Dressman, Biopharmaceutics of Orally administred Drugs, Ellis Horwood Limited London 1995. 10.Albert P Li, Invitro Approaches for Evaluation of Drug Efficacy

and Toxicity, CRC press, LLC USA, 2004. 11.Ronald D Schoenwald, Pharmacokinetics in Drug Discovery and Development, CRC, Press, LLC, USA,2002.

PRACTICALS
Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned thoeratical topics and availabilty of the facilities. 12.Blood Sampling Techniques: In laboratory animals like dog, rabbits, mice etc. in human beings. 13.Plasma level time curve: Determination of pharmacokinetics parameters. 14.Optional dose determination. 15.Measurement of rate of bioavailability. 16.Determination of plasma protein binding. 17.Determination of relative and absolute bioavailability. 18.Urinary sampling Techniques: In laboratory animals, In humans, Renal excretion of drugs or drug disposition.

MARKS

FINAL PROFESSIONAL
Theory Paper 1. Paper 2. Paper 3. Paper 4. Pharmaceutical Chemistry-III (Medicinal Chemistry) Pharmaceutics-IX(Clinical Pharmacy) Forensic Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Technology 100 100 100 100 100 Practical 100 100 Total 200 200 100 200

Paper 5. Paper 6.

Pharmaceutical Management & Marketing Computer and its application in Pharmacy 50

100 50 TOTAL

100 100 900 4550

GROSS TOTAL

____________________ ___ DEAN Faculty of Pharmacy

PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRYIII (MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY)

SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)

Marks 100 5th PROFESSIONAL

1.

CHEMICAL CONSTITUTION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

Introduction, the effect of certain structural features, Alkyl groups, Amines, Alcohols and Phenols, Aldehydes and Ketones, Acids, Halogens

2.

ALKALOIDS
General character, classification, methods of extraction. Special study of Atropine, morphine and related compounds: Papaverine, cocaine, ephedrine and reserpine, Ergotamine.

3.
4.

CYCLIC COMPOUNDS
Menthol, Camphor, Santonin, Carotene, Cyclopropane

PROTEINOUS AND STEROIDAL HORMONES:

Portentous Hormones: Brief Description, Basic Chemistry. Mechanism of Action: Insulin Luteinizing Growth Hormone, thyroid Follicular-stimulating hormone, hormone, stimulating hormone.
Steroidal Hormones:

Brief action,

Description, structure

Basic of activity

Chemistry,

mechanism

relationship, and uses.

Natural Sex Hormones: Androgens.

Estrogen, Progesterone,

5.

ANTIBIOTICS
Introduction, classification, chemical structure, and mechanism of action, structure activity relationship and uses of: Penicillin, Ampicillin, Streptomycin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, Oxytetracyclin , and Kanamycin.

6.

VITAMINS
General character, synthesis and uses of Vitamin A, B Complex, C, D & Folic Acid.

7.

SYNTHETIC DRUGS
Brief description, basic chemistry, mechanism of action, SAR Synthesis and uses of:

SEDATIVE AND HYPNOTICS:

Barbiturates (Phenobarbitone) Phenothiazines (Chlorpromazine).

GENERAL AND LOCAL ANAESTHETICS: ANTIPYRETIC AND ANALGESICS:

Cyclopropane, Halothane, Procaine, Novacaine. Salicylates (Aspirin), Aminophenol derivatives (Acetanilide), Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) and Phenacetin. Miscellaneous , Indomethacin , Mefenamic acid , Ibuprofen.

ANTISEPTICS:

Alcohol (Ethanol), Nitrofurazone, Gentian Violet , Chloroxylenol, Iodoform.

SULPHA DRUGS:

Sulphonamides (Sulphanilamide, sulphadizaine , Sulphacetamide).

ANTIMALARIALS:

4-Aminoquinolines (Chloroquine, Amodiaquine). 8- Aminoquinoline (primaquine).

ANTHELMINATICS: DIURETICS:

Piperazine, Thiabendazole. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor (Acetazolamide). High Ceiling Diuretic. (Furosemide) , osmotic Diuretic.

ANTITUBERCULARS: ANTIHYPERTENSIVE: ANTINEOPLASTIC DRUGS:

Isoniazid, Ethambutol. Methyldopa, Hydralazine. Aromatic Nitrogen Mustards, (Chlorambucil , Cyclophosphamide). Fluropyrimidines (5-Fluorouracil), Antimetabolites, Methotrexate.

Practical of the subject shall be designed on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and the availability of the facilities. E.g. Estimation of function groups; Carboxylic, Hydroxy, Amino and Nitro groups; Determination of Molecular weight of Organic compounds. Synthesis of Paracetamol, salicylic Acid,

PRACTICAL

Methy1 salicylate, Azobenzene, P-nitrosophenol,

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. A. Burgers Medicinal Chemistry. Wilsons Textbook of Organic Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Salerni Natural & Synthetic Organic Medicinal Compounds. Remingtons Pharmaceutical Sciences. Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia. Quick Index of Medical Products (QIMP).

PHARMACRUTICSY-IX (CLINICAL PHARMACY) SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D) 100 Marks 5th PROFESSIONAL
1. RATIONAL USE OF DRUGS: Rational prescribing, rational dispensing, problems of irrational drug use, learning about drug use problem, sampling to study drug use, Indicators of drug use. 2. INTRODUCTION TO ESSENTIAL DRUGS: Criteria for selection, usage and advantages. 3. DRUG UTILIZATION REVIEW AND EVALUATION: Development of protocol of use of few very low therapeutic index

drug group like, Steroids, Vancomycin and Cimetidine. New technologies in drug delivery system. 4. DRUG ABUSE AND MISE: 5. PRACTICAL PHARMACOKINETICS: Therapeutic drug monitoring of Digoxin, Gentamycin, Lithium, Vancomycin, Phenobarbitone, Valporic Acid etc. 6. PHARMACOECONOMIC STUDIES: 7. PHARMACEUTICAL CARE: 8. ROLE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY IN COMMUNITY

PHARMACY: 9. CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS: a. General strategy: Terminology of Disease, Management and treatment, drug selection. b. Basic introduction of some clinical situations, their clinical features, etiology, pathphysiology and treatment of causes: Common Cold, Phayngitis, Tonsillitis, Pneumonia, TB, Diarrhea, Malaria, Meningitis, Tetanus, Typhoid, Measles, Rabies, AIDS, CCF, Conjunctivitis, Anemia, Gout, Asthma, Ulcer, DM, Hypertension, Hepatitis, Dermatology(Scabies, Fungal diseases) 10. CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY: a. General information, Role of Pharmacist in treatment of poisoning and general management of poisoning and over dosage, Role and status of poison control center. b. Antidotes and their mechanism of action. 11. SAVE I/V THERAPY & HAZARDS OF I/V

THERAPY: 12. NON-COMPLIANCE: Definition, Introduction and importance, Extent of non0compliance, Method of assessment, Reason for non-compliance, Strategies for improving and designing of compliance trails.

Practical Clerkship in the Clinical Setting / A project related to Clinical Pharmacy Practices will be completed by the students and will evaluate by the external examiner.

Recommended Books
Pharmaceutical Care Practice by Robert J. Cipolle (Author) Peter C Morley (Author), Linda M. Strand (Author) (2006). International Pharmaceutical Services: The Drug Industry and Pharmacy practice in Twenty-Three Major Countries of the world.

PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY (WRITTEN) SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D) 100 Marks 5th PROFESSIONAL
1. PRINCIPLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION

AND DOSAGE FORM DESIGN:

a. Product Formulation c. Preformulation studies 2. FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT: a. Pharmaceutical Aerosols b. Ophthalmic Preparations c. Parenteral Preparations. 3. ADVANCED FORMULATION TECHNIQUES: Development of a formulation methodology and flow plan for the new product. New technologies in drug delivery system. 4. NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: a. Introduction to Drug Carrier i.Liposomes as a Drug Carrier ii. iii. Niosomes as a Drug Carrier Biodegradable pholymers as a Drug b. Need for Dosage form

Carrier b. Active and Passive Drug Delivery System. c. Other Novel GIT Systems. 5. MODEFIED DRUG RELEASE DOSAGE FORM: a. The concept of sustained Release b. First Order Release approximation c. Multiple Dosing d. Implementation of Designing e. Approaches based upon dosage form modification f. Product evaluation and testing g. Matrices tablets. h. Control Release Technology i.Micro encapsulation ii. Method of particle coating

iii.

Instrumentation

in

granule

manufacturing 6. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY: a. Biotechnical aspect in the product development b. Fundamentals of Genetic Engineering and its application in Medicine c. Principle synthesis and Application of Monoclonal Antibodies d. Introduction to Gene Therapy e. Immobilized Medicine f. General Principle and Methods of Microbial Assay Enzymes and their application in

PRACTICAL
The practical of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and the avaiulability of the facilities. E.g: 1. Various techniques to develop the formulation. 2. Granulation technology. 3. Study of drug delivery system. 4. Biotechnological aspect of product development 5. In-vitro quality control of various dosage forms. 6. Microbial Assay 7. Particle size analysis using various methods. 8. Stability studies of pharmaceuticals. 9. Coating of particles. 10. To prepare, examine and control specifications of

packaging materials

Note: A minimum of 20 practical will be conducted.

Recommended Books:
1. Drug delivery and targeting by Anya M. Hellery 2. Controlled drug delivery by Joseph R. Robinson 3. Pharmaceutical Ramabhadran 4. Pharmaceutics: Science of Dosage Forms Design by M.E.Aulton 5. Modern pharmaceutics by Banker 6. Development of biopharmaceutical parenteral dosage forms by John A. Bontempo 7. Controlled and Novel drug delivery by N.K. jain. 8. Pharmaceutical Dosage Form in Drug Delivery System by Ansel. design and development by T.V.

FORENSIC PHARMACY SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D) Marks 100 5th Professional

2.

STUDY OF DRUG LAWS:

A. The drugs act 1976 and Rules framed there under. B. Provincial drug Rules(Respective Drug Rules will be

taught in the relevant Province) C. Advertisement rules. D. Other related rules and Legal aspects.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

THE PHARMACY ACT 1967: THE DANGERUS DRUGS 1930: THE FACTORY LAW 1934: SHOPS AND STABLISHMENT ORDINANCE: THE POISON ACT 1919: CONTROL OF NARCOTICS SUBSTANCES ACT 1997:

RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. R Z Hussain, The Mannual of Drug Laws in Pakistan, Irfan Book house Lahore Pakistan. 2. The Pharmacy Act 1967. 3. The Poison Act 1919. 4. The Dangerous Act 1930. 5. The Factory Law 1934. 6. Shop and Establishment Ordinance 1969. 7. Control of Narcotics Substances 1977.

PHARMACEUTICAL MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D) 100 Marks 5th PROFESSIONAL
1. MANAGEMENT: a. Nature and principle of management. b. Types and functions of Manager. c. Planning, Purpose and types of planning, steps in planning. d. Organization. e. Management control system, purpose, steps in control process, forms of operation control, requirements for adequate control, critical control points and standards. f. Motivation. g. Innovation and creativity. h. Communication. 2. PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT:

Material Management 3. MARKETING MANAGEMENT: Marketing Channls, Promotion and Advertisement and sales man ship 4. SALES MANAGEMENT: Personal, Buying, Receiving, Pricing, Sales promotion and customer services. 5. PHARMACY LAYOUT DESIGNED: Objectives of layout design , types of community Pharmacies(Pharmaceutical center, Prescription-oriented

pharmacies, Traditional pharmacies and the super drug Store), Consumer goods and purchases, classes of layout designs, principles and characteristics of layout design and traffic flow analysis. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. M A and N I Bukhari, Pharmaceutical Management and Marketing, Tariq Academy, Faisalabad, Pakistan 2002. 2. C Patrick Tharp and Pedro J Lecca, Pharmacy Management for students and practitioners, the C V Mosby company, st. Louis, Toronto London 1979. 3. Harry A Smith Principle and Methods of Pharmacy Management, Lea and Febiger Philadelphia 1986.

COMPUTER AND ITS APPLICATION PHARMACY (WRITTEN) SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D) 100 Marks 5th PROFESSIONAL

1. FUNDAMENTALS BASIC CONCEPT OF COMPUTERS History of Data Processing Types of Computers Computer System and Business Computer System Backing Storage Devices Unit of Memory Viruses and Anti-viruses Issues 2. SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN What is a System Steps in system life cycle Data Gathering and Data Analysis Designing a New System Development and Implementation of New System Documentation 3. DATA PROCESSING Data Processing The Data Processing Cycle The Collection and Computing of Data Manual collection of data

 The main methods of data input Devices used to collect data Data verification Data validation Output and Recording of data Types of data processing systems Types of Computer Operation Batch Processing and Real-Time Processing 4. DATA COMMUNICATION: Application of Data Communication Components of Data Communication System Rate of data Transmission Computer Networks Network Topology Gateway E-mail/Internet Concepts

Practical
1. Introduction to Microsoft Windows and its different packages like word, Excel, Power Point etc. 2. Internet and E-mail Internet and Microsoft Internet Explorer 5 Addresses, Kinds and Downloading Searching the Internet E-mail and Newsgroups Favorites, security and Customizing Explorer 3. Web Page Development Introduction to Front-page

 Creating a First Web site Basic Formatting Techniques Manipulating Tables within Front-page Front-page, Picture and Multimedia Hyper linking, bookmarks and Image Maps Introducing Front-page components. Front-page and Frames Managing your web Good site design, Publishing and publicizing 4. Complete Statistical Package like SPSS. 5. Languages: At least two prevailing languages will be taught.

Books Recommended
1. Introduction to computers 2. Comprehensive computer studies 3. Windows-XP 2002

Note: The candidates are required to work for a minimum of 300

hours in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing unit, Retail/ Community Pharmacy/Hospital setting after the final year examination. They must maintain a diary of work signed daily by the manager.

GENERAL REGULATIONS
The following general regulations will be applicable for students of PHARM-D. 1. The PHARM-D First, Second, Third, Fourth and Final Professional Examination shall be held twice a year on such dates as many are fixed by the University authority every year. 2. A student who completes the required percentage of attendance as per University rules in theory and practical shall be allowed to join the next higher class provisionally. However if such a candidate fails to qualify at least two subject excluding Islamic & Pak. Studies in the 1st Professional PHARM-D Supplementary examination or any two subjects in 2nd/3rd/4th/5th to Professional PHARM-D Supplementary examination his/her provisional promotion (the present) higher class shall automatically stand cancelled. 3. A student who is promoted to next higher class

provisionally on the basis of attendance will be considered as regularly promoted if he passes at least two subjects in the annual/supplementary examination. However this category of student shall not be allowed any further promotion to next higher class unless he/she passes the lower examination. A candidate shall not be permitted to appear in the higher examination unless he passes the lower examination. 4. The minimum number of marks required to pass the examination shall be 50% in theory and 50% in practical

examination concurrently in each subject. Any candidate failing practical exam shall be deemed to have failed in theory exam as well and vice versa. 5. A candidate who passes in one or more subjects, but fails in the examination may be given exemption from appearing in that subject. However, he may appear in any subsequent examination on payment of the prescribed fee as per University rules. If he/she obtains pass marks in the failing subject/subjects according to regulation 4 above, he/she shall be deemed to have passed the examination provided that candidate who comes under exemption must complete the whole yearly examination within four consecutive attempts including the first annual examination fixed for that class. A candidate who fails to appear in the annual examination, or fails to pass any subject or subjects of the examination, before being permitted to reappear at a subsequent examination shall produce evidence of having pursued such a course of studies in that subject or subjects as the Board of Studies may determine. 6. Candidates who have obtained 80% of the marks in any subject shall be deemed to have obtained distinction in that subject, provided that no candidate who does not pass in all subjects of the examination at one time shall be declared to have passed with distinction in any subject. 7. The practical shall be conducted by a Board of Examiners, one external and a maximum of three and a minimum of two internal examiners of concerned subject.

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY EXAMINATION 1ST PROFESSIONAL

REGULATIONS
1. Doctor of Pharmacy 1st Professional Examination shall be open to any student who:-

(i)

Has been enrolled during the academic year preceding the examination in the Faculty of Pharmacy.

(ii)

Has passed not less than one year previously after the Intermediate Examination with premedical group of subjects of any of the Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education in Pakistan. Or any other examination recognized by the Gomal University as equivalent to this examination.

(iii)

Has

his

name

submitted

to

the

controller

of

examinations by the Chairman/Dean, Faculty of Pharmacy. 2. Those students, who fail to qualify PHARM-D 1st

Professional Examination in four consecutive attempts from the date of 1st annual examination fixed for that class, shall not be allowed to remain on the rolls of the Faculty of Pharmacy and they shall not appear in any Pharmacy Examination. However, in the case of hardship the Vice Chancellor may give such students one special chance (5th) on the recommendations of the Board of Faculty in Pharmacy. This special chance is meant only for 1st Professional students. Student struck-off from the

Pharmacy roll because of failure in allotted number of chances will not be considered for readmission on any merit or against any reserved seat.

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY EXAMINATION 2ND PROFESSIONAL

REGULATIONS
Doctor of Pharmacy 2nd Professional Examination shall be open to any student who:(i) Has been enrolled during the academic year preceding the examination in the Faculty of Pharmacy. (ii) Has previously passed the 1st Professional

Examination for the Doctor of Pharmacy of Gomal University or any examination considered equivalent for the purpose by the Academic Council on the recommendations Pharmacy. (iii) Has his/her name submitted to the controller of examinations by the Chairman/Dean, Faculty of Pharmacy. of the Board of Studies in

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY EXAMINATION 3RD PROFESSIONAL

REGULATIONS
Doctor of Pharmacy 3rd Professional Examination shall be open to any student who:(i) (ii) Has been enrolled during the academic year preceding the examination in the Faculty of Pharmacy. Has previously passed the 2nd Professional Examination for the Doctor of Pharmacy of Gomal University or any examination considered equivalent for the purpose by the Academic Council on the recommendations Pharmacy. (iii) Has his/her name submitted to the Controller of Examination by the Chairman/Dean, Faculty of Pharmacy. of the Board of Studies in

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY EXAMINATION 4th PROFESSIONAL

REGULATIONS
Doctor of Pharmacy Fourth Professional Examination shall be open to any student who:-

(i)

Has been enrolled during the academic year preceding the examination in the Faculty of Pharmacy.

(ii)

Has

previously

passed

the

3rd

Professional

Examination for the Doctor of Pharmacy of Gomal University or any examination considered equivalent for the purpose by the Academic Council on the recommendations Pharmacy. (iii) Has his/her name submitted to the Controller of Examinations by the Chairman/Dean, Faculty of Pharmacy. of the Board of Studies in

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY EXAMINATION 5th PROFESSIONAL

REGULATIONS
Doctor of Pharmacy Final Professional Examination shall be open to any student who:-

(i)

Has been enrolled during the academic year preceding the examination in the Faculty of Pharmacy.

(ii)

Has

previously

passed

the

4th

Professional

Examination for the Doctor of Pharmacy of Gomal University or any examination considered equivalent for the purpose by the Academic Council on the recommendations Pharmacy. (iii) Has his/her name submitted to the Controller of Examinations by the Chairman/Dean, Faculty of Pharmacy. of the Board of Studies in

INTERPRETATION OF RULES OF ANNUAL SYSTEM NUMBERED AS PER ORIGINAL REGULATIONS AND STATUTES
1. GENERAL STATUTES NO .1
Maximum duration for completion of PHARM-D degree will be ten calendar years starting from the date of admission

2.

GENERAL STATUTES No. 2

Foreign and non-Muslim students who choose to substitute Islamic studies with Ethics can do so.

3.

GENERAL REGULATIONS NO.1

Students of 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th professional promoted

provisionally on the basis of attendance will be reverted back to previous professional, if they are unable to pass at least two subjects in the first two chances of annual and supplementary examination. However, attendance will not be required again in the lower professional.

4.

GENERAL REGULATIONS NO.2

Seventy Five present (75%) attendance is necessary for the

promotion to next class. Students while talking supplementary examinations will not be considered present. The production of medical certificate will not be counted towards presence but only to defer cancellation of admission. Continuous absence in all the classes for ten days will result in the cancellation of admission. Readmission on the payment of the required fee in each professional is perishable under the university rules.

5.

GENERAL REGULATION NO.3

If the student appears in the annual examination and fails

all subjects, or does not appear at all. But he / she passes all the subjects of that professional in the supplementary examination, the students is eligible to appear in the examination of the next professional if he/she fulfills the attendance requirements.

6.

GENERAL REGULATIONS NO.4

The students will not be allowed to appear in theory or practical alone. In case a student is allowed to miss practical as a special case on the basis of unavoidable circumstances (Prior permission necessary), his first chance, whichever may be, will be considered his only chance to pass the practical in order to avail the results of curlier theory exam, otherwise his theory results will stand cancelled. Out of nine (9) questions set in theory examination, the students will be required to attempt five (5) questions, thus availing a choice of eighty percent.

7.

GENERAL REGULATIONS NO.5

Students appearing first time in supplementary

examination after clearing the previous examination will be considered as availing the first chance on the payment of annual free, even though this is the supplementary examination. The future chance will be considered as they appear.

8.

GENERAL REGULATION NO.6

The number of chances allowed to a student in any

professional will be counted consecutive (continuous) Even if the students avails any chance or not.

9.

GENERAL REGULATIONS NO.7

The students of 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5thprofessional must subject of the respective professional in 6

clear all the

consecutive chances including the original, subject to the total period of graduation, i.e. ten calendar years. The case of such students not passing the aforementioned examination in 6

chances will be considered in the board of students meeting for final decision.

10. INCREASE IN EXAMINATION TIME

The board of study meeting held on December 2, 1995 decided to increase the theory examination time to 3 hours.

ITEMS FOR CONSIDERATION OF THE BOARD OF STUDIES DOCTOR OF PHARMACY EXAMINATION 1ST PROFESSIONAL REGULATION
RULE-2
Those students who fail to qualify PHARM-D 1st professional examination in four consecutive attempts from the date of 1st annual examination fixed for that class shall not be allowed to remain on the rolls of faculty of Pharmacy and they shall not appear in any pharmacy examination. However, in case of hardship, the Vice Chancellor may give on special chance on the recommendations of the Board of Studies in Pharmacy. This special chance is meant only for first professional.

NOTE FURTHER EXPLANATION OF GENERAL REGULATIONS

1. A student who completes there required %age of attendance as per university rules, in theory and practical, shall be allowed to join the next higher class provisionally. However, if such a candidate fails to pass at least two subject, excluding Islamic and Pak. Studies, in the First Prof. PHARM-D, supplementary examination, his/her provisional promotion to the 2nd Professional shall automatically stand cancelled. A candidate whose provisional promotion to 2nd class has been canceled, his/her attendance in 2nd professional shall be canceled automatically. He/She will appear in the next

coming PHARM-D 1st Professional examination with new 1st professional. Again he will be promoted provisionally to 2nd professional with new 1st professional class. Again he/she will be treated under the above mentioned rules. 2. A student who is promoted to 2nd professional provisionally on the basis of attendance, will be considered as regularly promoted, if he/she passes at least two subjects in the annual/supply exam:. However, this category of students shall not be allowed any further promotion to the 2nd professional professional. 3. A candidate who has passed at least two subjects in 1st professional annual/supplementary examination and clears all remaining subjects in the annual exam. He is eligible to appear in 2nd professional supply exam. After appearing in 2nd professional supply examination, he/she will be promoted provisionally to 3rd year class. Now if such a candidate pass all subjects 2nd professional in the supply exam, he/she will provided his attendance in 3rd professional class are up to the required %age. If he/she clear at least two in 2nd professional supply/annual will considered a regularly promoted to 3rd professional. If a candidate fails to pass at least promotion will cancelled automatically. 4. The same mentioned rule will be applied for next higher classes. examination unless he/she passes first