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PENGEMBANGAN FORMULASI SEDIAAN GEL ANTIJERAWAT SERTA PENENTUAN KONSENTRASI HAMBAT MINIMUM EKSTRAK DAUN PEPAYA (Carica Papaya A Linn.) DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIACNE GEL FORMULATION AND MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION DETERMINATION FROM CARICA PAPAYA LEAVES EXTRACT (Carica Papaya A Linn.) Master Theses from JBPTITBPP / 2007-12-10 13:09:55 Oleh : Yustine Ardina (NIM:207 05 006), S2 - Pharmacy Dibuat : 2007-09-00, dengan 7 file Keyword : Gel ; anti acne; carica papaya leaves; carica papaya leaves extract; staphylococcus epidermidis; propionibacterium acnes; papaine; carpaine; HPC-LV,HPMC; Carbopol 934. Subjek : Pharmacy Kepala Subjek : School of Pharmacy Abstrak: Jerawat terjadi karena penyumbatan pada pilosebaseus dan peradangan yang umumnya dipicu oleh bakteri Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, dan Staphylococcus aureus. Untuk mengatasi masalah jerawat, dibutuhkan suatu sediaan yang mempunyai daya penetrasi yang baik, waktu kontak yang cukup lama, dan dosis yang sesuai. Daun pepaya (Carica papaya Linn.) tua secara tradisional telah digunakan sebagai obat jerawat, yaitu dengan cara pengolesan langsung dari larutan hasil tumbukan daun yang tua. Daun pepaya ini dapat dibuat menjadi ekstrak, kemudian ekstrak tersebut dapat dibuat menjadi suatu sediaan farmasi; salah satunya adalah sediaan gel, di mana sediaan gel mempunyai kadar air yang tinggi, sehingga dapat menghidrasi stratum corneum dan mengurangi resiko timbulnya peradangan lebih lanjut akibat menumpuknya minyak pada poripori. Di dalam ekstrak daun pepaya terkandung papain (keratolitik, antimikroba) dan karpain (antibakteri), yang diduga dapat berperan sebagai senyawa aktif sediaan antijerawat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah optimasi formulasi sediaan gel ekstrak daun pepaya sebagai sediaan antijerawat. Dalam penelitian ini dibuat sediaan gel yang stabil serta diuji khasiatnya terhadap Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi empat tahap, yaitu karakterisasi mutu ekstrak dan simplisia, penetapan potensi antibakteri, optimasi formulasi, evaluasi formula. Simplisia diekstraksi dengan cara maserasi dengan pelarut etanolair (1:3). Selanjutnya, dilakukan karakterisasi mutu ekstrak dan simplisia meliputi pemeriksaan kandungan kimia, penetapan kadar air, penetapan kadar sari larut air, penetapan kadar sari larut etanol, penentuan pola kromatogram, penentuan bobot jenis ekstrak, penentuan pH ekstrak serta penentuan angka kapang dan angka lempeng total ekstrak. Ekstrak yang diperoleh diencerkan menjadi beberapa konsentrasi dan dilakukan penetapan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) secara mikrobiologi. Diameter zona hambat ekstrak dan sediaan gel dibandingkan terhadap papain murni dan tetrasiklin baku. Konsentrasi ekstrak daun pepaya dan papain yang memiliki daya hambat setara dengan tetrasiklin 3% b/v

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terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Propionibacterium acnes selanjutnya dikembangkan menjadi suatu formula gel. Orientasi komposisi basis gel dibuat dengan menggunakan tiga basis, yaitu Karbopol 934, hidroksipropil metil selulosa (HPMC), dan hydroxypropyl cellulose low viscosity (HPCLV) dengan berbagai konsentrasi. Berdasarkan hasil orientasi komposisi basis gel, penentuan organoleptik, pH, dan viskositas dipilih basis gel yang terbaik, yaitu basis HPMC dan HPCLV. Sediaan gel antijerawat dari ekstrak daun pepaya dan papain kemudian dievaluasi aktivitasnya melalui uji KHM. Hasil yang diperoleh dibandingkan terhadap hasil uji KHM dari ekstrak daun pepaya dan dilakukan evaluasi sediaan meliputi penentuan organoleptis, homogenitas, pertumbuhan mikroba, sineresis, pH dan viskositas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, gel ekstrak daun pepaya efektif terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis sebanyak 8,65.10 (pangkat 9) cfu/mL, tetapi tidak efektif terhadap Propionibacterium acnes sebanyak 2,7.109pangkat 7) cfu/mL. Hal ini berarti bahwa gel ekstrak daun pepaya bermanfaat untuk mencegah bertambah parahnya jerawat, yaitu mencegah terjadinya infeksi sekunder oleh Staphylococcus epidermidis. Diameter zona hambat untuk gel ekstrak daun pepaya dengan basis HPCLV adalah 19,80 kurang lebih 0,30 mm, sedangkan dengan basis HPMC adalah 15,27 kurang lebih 0,25 mm. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi pH dan viskositas, gel ekstrak daun pepaya dengan basis HPCLV 30 % b/v lebih stabil secara fisik daripada gel ekstrak daun pepaya dengan basis HPMC 5 % b/v. Gel ekstrak daun pepaya dengan basis HPCLV lebih efektif dan lebih stabil dibandingkan dengan basis HPMC. Deskripsi Alternatif : Abstract: Acne occurs when there is blockage at pilosebaceous and inflammation that is caused by Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. To cure acne, a dosageform which has good penetration, its maximum contact time, and suitable dosage is needed. Traditionally, Carica papaya leaves had been used as anti acne agent by applying solution of crushed Carica papaya leaves directly to skin. One of suitable dosageform was gel, which has high water content so it can hydrate the stratum corneum and minimize further inflammation as a result of oil accumulation on skin pores. Carica papaya extract contains papain (keratolytic, antimicrobial agent) and carpaine (antibacterial agent) which could act as an active compound of antiacne agent. This research aimed to optimize the Carica papaya extract gel formula as antiacne agent. In this research a stable and effective gel formulation to Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes had been made. Research methodology divided into four steps, which including extract and simplicia characterization, antibacterial activity determination, optimization and evaluation of all the formulas. Simplicia is extracted by maceration using ethanolwater (1:3). Then, the extract and simplicia characterization was carried out by phytochemical screening, determination of water, determination of extractable matter, thin layer chromatography, extracts specificgravity determination, pH value determination, and determination of microorganism (total viable aerobic count). The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of the extract determined after it diluted into several concentration, then compared to pure papain and standard tetracycline. The extract and papain that have inhibitory zone diameter equivalent to tetracycline 3% w/v against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes were then developed to become a gel formula. The orientation of gelbase composition was made with three gelbase, such as Carbopol 934, hydroxypropyl methyl celuloce (HPMC), dan hydroxypropyl cellulose low viscosity (HPCLV) with several concentration. Based on the result of gelbase composition orientation, organoleptic evaluation, pH evaluation, and viscosity evaluation, the best gelbase HPMC and HPCLV had been chosen. Antiacne gel formula from Carica papaya extract and papain were then evaluated for their activity using the MIC test. The result was compared to the result that comes from MIC test for Carica papaya extract and formula evaluation included organoleptic evaluation, homogenity, microorganism growth, sineresis, pH, and viscosity had done.

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Based on the result, Carica papaya extract gel was effective against 8,65.10 (9)cfu/mL of Staphylococcus epidermidis, but was ineffective against 2,7.10 (7) cfu/mL of Propionibacterium acnes. This means that Carica papaya extract gel could be used to avoid further acne inflammation, such as secondary inflammation by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Inhibition zone diameter for Carica papaya extract gel with HPCLV base was 19,80 0,30 mm, while the Inhibition zone diameter for HPMC base was 15,27 0,25 mm. Based on the result of pH and viscosity evaluation, Carica papaya extract gel with 30 % w/v HPC-LV base was physically more stable than those with 5 % w/v HPMC base. Carica papaya extract gel with HPC-LV base was more effective and more stable than the gel with HPMC base. Copyrights : Copyright (c) 2007 by School of Pharmacy .Information Dissemination Right @2007 ITB Central Library, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung,40132, Indonesia. Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted by author to ITB Central Library in any medium, provided this notice is preserved. Properti ID Publisher Organisasi Nama Kontak Alamat Kota Daerah Negara Telepon Fax E-mail Administrator E-mail CKO Nilai Properti JBPTITBPP S2 - Pharmacy Drs. Mahmudin, SIP. Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung Jawa Barat Indonesia 62-22-2509118, 2500089 62-22-2500089 digilib@lib.itb.ac.id mahmudin@unix.lib.itb.ac.id

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