Phng php tng hp v m phng h Bin tn iu khin vect ta theo t thng rto - Nhn dng hng s thi gian

rto ca ng c khng ng b trong qu trnh qu Syntheses and simulations Method for field oriented vector controlled induction motor - Rotor time constant identification in the transient

ThS. V Xun Hng Bm. Trang b in - in t, HGTVT

TS. Trn Vn Thnh Khoa in, H Bch Khoa HN

Tm tt: Hin nay phng php iu khin vect ta theo t thng rto c s dng ngy cng nhiu trong h truyn ng in cht lng cao. Bi bo trnh by kt qu nghin cu phng php tng hp v m phng h bin tn iu khin vect ta theo t thng rto. Trong qu trnh lm vic tham s ca ng c khng ng b b bin i do nh hng ca hiu ng mt ngoi v bo ha mch t lm gim cht lng c tnh ng. khc phc iu ny, tc gi xut mt phng php nhn dng on-line hng s thi gian rto. Kt qu tnh ton v m phng c thc hin trn ng c khng ng b 14kW c cp bi bin tn IGBT PWM. Abstract: Today, the field oriented vector control method is used increasing in highperformance electric drives. This paper presents the results of research into the syntheses and simulations method for field oriented vector control. The variations of induction motor parameters by skin face effects and magnetic saturation make reduce dynamic performance. Therefore, authors propose a method for rotor time constant identification on-line. The simulation and evaluation are performed using actual parameters of an 14 kW induction motor fed by an IGBT PWM inverter.

1. t vn Tng hp v m phng l bc quan trng khi thit k mt h iu chnh t ng truyn ng in, n cho php kim tra n nh v nh gi cht lng ca h truyn ng trc khi i vo thit k mt h thng thc, rt ngn thi gian thit k, gim thiu c ri ro v chi ph khi thit k v sn xut. Gip cho vic chnh nh v la chn thng s ca b iu chnh trong qu trnh vn hnh. Trong bi bo ny, chng ti trnh by kt qu nghin cu phng php tng hp v m phng h bin tn iu khin vect ta theo t thng rto v xut mt phng php nhn dng on-line hng s thi gian rto ca ng c khng ng b trong qu trnh ng do nh hng ca hiu ng mt ngoi v bo ha mch t.

2. Nguyn l iu khin vect Vc t dng in stato c tch ra lm hai thnh phn - hnh 1: Thnh phn th nht l isd c chiu trng vi vect t thng rto, thnh phn ny t l vi t thng rto (r~ isd), nh c b iu chnh dng m thnh phn isd c gi khng i isd = const do

Hnh 1: th vc t

Hnh 2: S m phng h iu khin vect c khu nhn dng Tr t thng rto c gi khng i, isd c gi l dng to t thng (dng kch t). Thnh phn th hai l isq c chiu vung gc vi vect t thng rto. Do mmen quay t l vi tch ca t thng v thnh phn dng isq ( M ~ r.isq ), mt khc t thng c gi khng i nn thnh phn dng isq t l vi mmen, bng cch iu chnh dng isq ta s iu chnh c mmen quay, dng isq c gi l dng to mmen quay. Nh vy nu thnh cng trong vic gi isd = const v p t nhanh dng isq iu khin mmen th thut ton iu khin vect (iu khin trng nh hng) cho ng c khng ng b s tng t nh iu khin ng c mt chiu kch t c lp. Hnh 2 l s cu trc h iu khin vect ta theo t thng rto. 3. B iu chnh dng in kiu d bo IPC (Intelligent Predictive Controller) B iu chnh dng in c nhim v p t nhanh chnh xc m men quay trn c s iu chnh dng in stato. Hin nay c rt nhiu phng php iu chnh dng stato, trong cc phng php c phng php iu chnh dng thng minh kiu d bo IPC hai im [2] c tc ng nhanh, c th iu khin nhanh mmen quay bm st gi tr mmen t nh kh

Hnh 3: Khu iu chnh vect dng stato theo kiu IPC nng d bo trc mu xung iu khin ti u iu khin van bn dn trong chu k k tip khi vect dng stato ri khi phm vi sai s t trc. Hnh 3 l s nguyn l b iu chnh dng thc hin theo nguyn tc IPC.

Hnh 4: a) Vect sai s ca dng in; b) Phm vi sai s ca dng pha a; c) Phm vi sai s chung ca c ba pha .

Khi mt dng ri khi phm vi sai s cho php H (hnh 4b, c), ty theo du ca sai s m pha s c ni vi cc "+" hoc cc "-" ca ngun in p mt chiu cp cho bin tn. y l mt phng n c u th ln do c c im n gin v c c tnh ng hc cao nn c dng ph bin trong h iu khin vect i hi cao v c tnh ng. 4. Tng hp b iu chnh t thng (Flux Controller) B iu chnh t thng lm nhim v p t nhanh, chnh xc dng in t isd, loi b c quan h tr bc nht gia t thng rto vi dng in isd. tng hp b iu chnh t thng da vo mch vng hnh 5, trong i tng ca mch vng t thng c m t bi phng trnh sau [1]: T T ' ' rd (k + 1) = isd (k ) + (1 ) rd (k ) (1) Tr Tr 5. Tng hp b iu chnh tc (Speed Controller) B iu chnh tc lm nhim v duy tr, n nh tc gi tr t thng qua vic

to dng mmen thch hp i*sq. u ra ca b iu chnh tc l dng t mmen i*sq. T phng trnh tnh mmen v phng trnh ng hc ca C KB [1]: 3 L2 m pC 'rd isq Mdt = (2) 2 Lr J d Mdt MC = (3) pc dt Ta c mch vng tng hp b iu chnh tc nh hnh 6. xc nh thng s ca b iu chnh tc chng ti s dng cng c Nonlinear Control Design (NCD) trong Simulink - Matlab. Gi s b iu chnh tc l khu PI [2], da vo cng c NCD thu c thng s ca b iu chnh tc ca h Bin tn - C KB 14kW nh sau: Kp=25, Ki=15. 6. M hnh quan st vect t thng rto (Flux Estimator, Flux Observer) a. M hnh tnh gc vec t t thng c th xy dng c h iu khin vect ta theo t thng rto ta cn phi bit chnh xc hng ca vect t thng rto, do ta cn phi tnh chnh xc gc lch s

Hnh 5: Mch vng iu chnh t thng

Hnh 6: Mch vng tng hp b iu chnh tc

Hnh 7: Cu trc ca b iu chnh tc .

ca t thng rto vi trc ca h ta c nh stato, gc s c tnh nh sau: (4) s = s ( 0 ) + ( + r )dt vi s(0) l v tr u ca vect t thng rto. Tc trt ca rto c tnh nh sau [1]: i sq (k ) r (k ) = (5) , Tr rd (k ) T cc cng thc trn ta xy dng c m hnh tnh gc s nh hnh 8.

thng rto ta cn phi c m hnh c nhn dng hng s thi gian rto Tr. 7. M hnh nhn dng hng s thi gian rto Tr do nh hng ca s bo ha mch t v hiu ng mt ngoi. Da vo nguyn tc xc nh tham s ca ng c do nh hng ca hiu ng mt ngoi v s bo ha mch t, xem [1], chng ti xut mt phng php nhn dng hng s thi gian rto Tr trong qu trnh ng nhm ci thin c tnh ng ca h thng, ni dung ca phng php nh sau: + Tham s khi u cho khu nhn dng hng s thi gian rto Tr: l cc gi tr in khng, in tr rto cho trc trong ti liu thit k my in hoc trn nhn ca my in. + Tn hiu u vo c th xt c nh hng ca hiu ng mt ngoi v s bo ha mch t l: h s trt s (hoc tc ), tn s gc stato s, bin dng in stato, trong qu trnh khi ng cc gi tr u l tham s bin i. + Hng s thi gian rto c tnh theo cng thc sau: L x (t) + x 2 (t) Tr = r = 0 (6) Rr s R r Trong x0, x2, Rr ln lt l in khng mch t ha, in khng rto quy i v stato, in tr rto - y l cc tham s bin i do nh hng ca hiu ng mt ngoi v bo ha mch t, c xc nh theo [1]. u im ca phng php l c kh nng nhn dng trc tuyn (on line) khi h thng ang lm vic, phng php ch s dng tn hiu thng thng c th o c v tn ti trong mi h truyn ng nh dng in, tc , khng s dng cc tn hiu kch thch ph gy bt li cho h thng. M hnh nhn dng hng s thi gian rto v giao din nhp thng s nh trn hnh 10.

Hnh 8: M hnh tnh gc s T cc cng thc trn ta thy rng gi tr gc tnh c s ph thuc rt ln vo chnh xc ca hng s thi gian rto Tr, m Tr l tham s bin i mnh do nh hng ca hiu ng mt ngoi, s bo ha ca mch t v nhit . c th iu khin nh hng trng rto mt cch chnh xc ta cn phi c phng php nhn dng chnh xc hng s thi gian rto. b. M hnh tnh modul vect t thng T phng trnh (1) ta xy dng c m hnh tnh modul vect t thng rto (hnh 9). Chng ta thy rng t thng rto *rd

ph thuc vo hng s thi gian rto, y l tham s bin i trong qu trnh lm vic. V vy, c th tnh chnh xc t

Hnh 10: a) M hnh nhn dng Tr 8. Kt qu m phng v nhn xt Nh b iu chnh tc , b iu chnh t thng c khu hn ch, khu quan st vect t thng rto c nhn dng hng s thi gian rto v kh nng p t nhanh, chnh xc ca b iu chnh dng in m dng in khi ng c hn ch trong phm vi t trc (hnh 11a), dng in isd, isq lun bm theo gi tr dng in t i*sd, i*sq (hnh 11c, d). c tnh mmen t dao ng, tc tng u trong qu trnh khi ng, sai lch tc trong ch xc lp rt nh (hnh 11e), c tnh mmen vt tri so vi c tnh mmen trong h bin tn iu khin theo lut U/f m tc gi kho st trong [5].

b) Giao din nhp thng s cho khi nhn dng

Hnh 11 b) Hng s thi gian rto Tr v t thng rto

Hnh 11 c) Dng in t

Hnh 11 a) H s trt, bin dng in

Hnh 11 d) Dng in isd v isq

9. Kt lun Bi bo trnh by kt qu nghin cu phng php tng hp v m phng h iu khin vect ta theo t thng rto. Chng trnh m phng c dng h tr cho qu trnh thit k, la chn tham s thch hp ci t trc khi vn hnh, dng phn tch v nh gi cht lng ca h truyn ng in. Nh m hnh nhn dng hng s thi gian, cho php quan st chnh xc vect t thng rto, em li c tnh ng c cht lng cao: c tnh m men v tc t dao ng, gn nh khng c qu iu chnh. Dng in c hn ch trong phm vi cho php do gim c tn tht nng lng dy qun trong qu trnh ng. Ti liu tham kho [1]. V Xun Hng; Lun vn Thc s khoa hc k thut, Kho st qu trnh qu ca h Bin tn - ng c khng ng b, 2003. [2]. Ng. Phng Quang, A. Dittrich; Truyn ng in thng minh; NXB KHKT, 2002. [3]. M.Jemli, M.Boussak, M.Gossa; Roto time constant identification in vector controlled induction motor with model reference adaptive system; OPTIM 1996. [4]. P. Srinivas, and Other; Gereralized system design & Analysis of PWM based Power Electronic converter; IEEE Transaction on IA, 2000. [5]. V Xun Hng; Tnh ton tn tht nng lng trong qu trnh ng ca ng c khng ng b khi c cp in t bin tn PWM, Hi tho Khoa hc v cng ngh trng H GTVT, Tp ch Khoa hc v cng ngh GTVT, 11/2003. [6]. Trn Vn Thnh, V Xun Hng; ng dng bin tn iu khin ng c in xoay chiu - Gii php nng cao hiu sut s dng nng lng ca h Bin tn; Hi tho Khoa hc v ti u ha nng lng Vin khoa hc v cng ngh Nhit - Lnh, Trng i hc Bch khoa H ni, 11/2003.

Hnh 11 e) c tnh mmen v tc

Hnh 11 f) in p v dng in

Tc (rad/s)

Tr (sec)

Hnh 12: c tnh trong h iu khin vect c hai cp tc