VOCATIONAL TRAINING AT N.P.C.I.L., RAWATBHATA (RAJ.

PRESENTATION ON PRESENTATION VOCATIONAL TRAINING ON AT N.P.C.I.L., RAWATBHATA (RAJ.)

BY:ABHINAV GODARA 2008UEE102 BATCH- E-1 B.Tech. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

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OBJECTIVE OF TRAINING
To know about1. NUCLEAR ENERGY 2. FUNCTIONING OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

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WHY NUCLEAR POWER ???

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NUCLEAR POWER IN INDIA

3310 MW (2.1% of total installed base)

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INDIAN NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAMME

UNIT DATE OF FIRST SYNCHRONIZATION DATE OF COMMERCIAL OPERATION

TAPS-1 TAPS-2 RAPS-1 RAPS-2 MAPS-1 MAPS-2 NAPS-1 NAPS-2 KAPS-1 KAPS-2 KAIGA-2 RAPS-3 KAIGA-1
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01.04.1969 05.05.1969 30.11.1972 01.11.1980 23.07.1983 14.09.1985 29.07.1989 05.01.1992 24.11.1992 04.03.1995 02.12.1999 10.03.2000 12.10.2000 17.11.2000 04.06.2005

28.10.1969 28.10.1969 16.12.1973 01.04.1981 27.01.1984 21.03.1986 01.01.1991 01.07.1992 06.05.1993 01.09.1995 16.03.2000 01.06.2000 16.11.2000 23.12.2000 12.09.2005
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RAPS-4 TAPS-4

NUCLEAR POWER

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Typical fission reaction:

92U 235

+ 0n1 38Sr90 + 54Xe144 +2 0n1+ r + 200 MeV

Reactor poisoning reaction:

52Te 135

53I135 54Xe144 55Cs135 56Ba135

This energy is divided in the following way: 1. K.E. of the fission fragments: 2. K.E. of neutrons: 3. Energy of gamma rays released at fission: 4. Energy of gamma rays released on n-capture: 5. Gamma decay energy: 6. Beta decay energy

167 MeV 5 MeV 5 MeV 10 MeV 7 MeV 5 MeV ________ 199 MeV

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MAIN PARTS OF N.P.P.

1.Nuclear Reactor 2.Turbine 3.Steam generator 4.Coolant assembly 5.End shield 6.Cooling Tower 7.Moderator pump & auxiliaries 8.PHT pumps 9.Fuel 10.Fuel design 11.Fuel handling 12.Moderator system 13.PHT system 14.Reactivity control mechanism 15.Calandria
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POWER GENERATION SYSTEM

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1.

NUCLEAR REACTOR

A device in which the energy released by the fission of nuclei of uranium or another element is used to produce steam to run an electrical generator or other device.

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FUEL
NATURAL URENIUM IS USED AS FUEL
U238:U235=198:1

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FUEL DESIGNING

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Physics aspect of Nuclear fuel management

The overall PHYSICS aspect of nuclear fuel management is to devise the initial fuel pattern , its movement and refueling strategies, such that the optimal flux shape in the reactor can be obtained in the initial core and maintained , throughout the operating life of reactor.

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Why of Flux Flattening?

Total Power Output is Proportional to Average Flux Increasing the Average flux without increasing the
maximum flux has enormous economical benefits.

Extract more power output without exceeding Channel and Bundle power limits.

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3-D DISTRIBUTION OF UNFLATTENED FLUX ON THE TRANSVERSE PLANE OF THE CYLINDRICAL REACTOR

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3-D DISTRIBUTION OF FLATTENED FLUX ON THE TRANSVERSE PLANE OF THE CYLINDRICAL REACTOR

600 Y axis 400 200 0 2 1.5 Flux 1 0.5 0 0

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200

400 X axis

600
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CALANDRIA
It is the heart of reactor and contains fuel and moderator

Contains 306 horizontal calandria tubes made of Zircalloy

Horizontal cylindrical vessel

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MODERATOR SYSTEM
Heavy water is used as moderator.

For neutron absorption

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PHT SYSTEM

PHT ---Primary Heat Transport system

Major components of PHT System1. Reactor Fuel Channels 2. Two Inlet Headers 3. Two Reactor outlet Headers The coolant circulation is mentioned at all times during reactor operation, shutdown & maintenance. I-131 is fuel performance indicator.

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Why Iodine-131 concentration in PHT is mentioned as an indicator of fuel performance?

Fission produce no of gaseous fission products namely isotopes of noble gases(Cs, Kr , Xe etc) and Iodine etc. If fuel fails, these fission product come out in coolant surrounding the fuel. The noble gases are volatile products and hence does not remain in coolant. and isotopes of Iodine are non volatile hence they remain dissolved .

Out of all Iodine isotopes I-131 is having enough half-life and fission yield. So that it can survive its passage from fuel-clad gap to coolant to detection system and reach the detection system in enough amount to be detected.

Hence if I-131 concentration in PHT is found more than a certain value (Usually 2 micro curie) and found to have a increasing trend in subsequent reading ,it is the indication of the presence of failed fuel in core.

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REACTIVITY CONTROL MECHANISM

Regulating rods Shim rods Adjuster rods for xenon override Natural boron addition in the moderator to compensate for the excess reactivity in a fresh core & for absence of xenon after a long shutdown

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IMPORTANT PARTS OF RAPP

Environment Survey Lab (ESL) Industrial Safety Section Waste Management Facility Water Treatment Plant Estate Management (EM)

Fire Station

RAPP Cobalt Operating Facility (RAPPCOF)

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WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITY

Solid waste management:

1.Earth trench(<2R)
2.RCC trench(<200R, >2R) 3.Tie hole(>200R) Liquid waste management Gaseous waste management

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FIRE STATION
What is Fire?
Fuel

Heat Types Of FireI. Class A II. Class B III. Class C IV. Class D

Oxygen

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Cobalt Facility
Co-59(used in adjuster rods) is converted into Co-60.

Cobalt - 60 is used in many fields. These are:-

1) Food irradiation 2) Treatment of cancer through radiation

3) Sterilization of medical products

4) Vulcanization of rubber latex
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What I learnt

Instead of technical knowledge what I learnt was how hard a job is.. 1. Get ready at 10 am 2. Catch your bus 2. Get your lunch at canteen 3. Get your bus on time 4. After full day of work 10am -5am, this seems my day was something worth for.

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ANY Queries!!!

OR

Doubts?????

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