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The Solubility Product Ksp

Thursday, December 11, 2008
8:22 AM Section 7.6 pg 482 - 493
Sparingly Soluble Salts Practice Questions 1-4 pg 486
- There are many ionic compounds (salts) that are almost insoluble in water. 5 pg
○ The crystal lattice structure is too strong and water can not enter.
○ The ionic bonds are too strong and the water molecule cannot substitute for the ionic bond.
○ The salts are referred to as SPARINGLY SOLUBLE SALTS.
○ Because [salt]!=[ions], we must use equilibrium theory.
- What is the Molar Solubility of AgCl in Pure Water?
○ Molar solubility is the concentration of a salt that can be achieved in 1 L of water.
○ Must have Ksp value, Ksp AgCl = 10-10
○ Let x = [Ag+]
 AgCl (s) ↔ Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
○ Name AgCl Ag+ Cl-

○ What is the Ksp expression?

○ What is the value of x?
 Ksp = [Ag+][Cl -]
 10-10 = [x][x]
 X = (10-10)1/2
 X = 10-5
○ X is the [Ag+] which is in a 1:1 ratio with [AgCl]
○ Therefore the [molar] of AgCl is 10-5

1:1, 2:1, 3:1 Salts

- AgCl is a 1:1 Salt
○ For a 1:1 Salt, x = (Ksp)1/2
- Ag2CrO4 is a 2:1 salt
○ For a 2:1 salt, x = (Ksp/4)1/3
- Ag 3PO4 is a 3:1 salt
○ For 3:1 salt x = (Ksp/27)1/4
- On tests etc. for full marks you should write the ICE table for these salts.

Predicting if a Precipitate will Form

- To determine if a precipitate will form, you need to calculate the reaction quotient Q.
- Compare Q to Ksp
○ If Q is greater than Ksp, a precipitate will form.
○ If Q is less than Ksp, no precipitate will form.
○ If Q is equal to Ksp, the solution is just saturated.
- Example
○ Will a precipitate form when 1.0L of 3*10-10M Co(NO3)2 is added to 1.0L of 2*10-11M K2S (Ksp CoS = 5*
10-22)
- Calculate Q and compare to Ksp.
- Before you start you should realize that a dilution has occurred.
- The final volume is 2.0L
- You can use C1V1 = C2V2 for this, in this case just divide values by 2.
- [Co+2][S2-]
- [1.5*10-10][10-11]
- [1.5*10-21]
- Q > Ksp
- A precipitate forms!!!!

Chemistry Page 1