( Reaffirmed 1999 )

IS :118551986

Indian Standard
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR RUBBER SEALS FOR HYDRAULIC GATES
Hydraulic Gates and Valves Sectional Committee,
Chairman

BDC 56

SHRI ~.AD~NARAYANA SASTRI

8A/104 W.E.A., Karol New Delhi Bagh

Members
SHRI D. S. AHUJA

Representing
Nangal Workshops, Irrigation Department, Government of Punjab, Nangal Township Tungbhadra Steel Products Ltd, P. 0. Tungbhadra Dam Irrigat~c;~o;partment ( Government of U. P. ), Irrigation Works Chandigarh ( Government of Punjab ),

SHRI G. S. ANNIGERI

SHRI BALWANT SINGH ( Alternate

SHRI DHARMINDER CHARAN CHIEF ENGINEER

DIRECTOR ( M & E ) ( AIternate ) TEXMACO Ltd, CaIcutta SHRI R. C. CHOPRA SHRI R. BHATTACHARYA ( Alternate ) Haryana State Minor Irrigation SHRI H. C. DHINGRA Corporation Ltd, Chandigarh

( Tubewells

SHRI R. S. CHAUHAN ( AIternate ) Central Water & Power Research Station, Pune DIRECTOR SHRI A. V. GOPALAKRISHNA( Alternate ) Central Water Commission, New Delhi DIRECTOR ( GATES & DESIGNS I ) SHRI C. L. VERMA ( Alternate ) Beas Project, Talwara BBMB, Chandigarh SHRI K. K. JULKA SHRI V. P. KAUSHAL ( Alternate ) Triveni Structurals Ltd, Naini SHRI K. V. S. MURTHY SHRI M. K. V. SARMA ( Alternate ) Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. Hyderabad SHRI RAI KUMAR SHRI N. Y. NARSIMHAN ( Alternate ) Public Works Department ( Government of SHRI P. RAMAKRISHNAN Tamilnadu ), Madras SHRI P. ARUNACHALAM ( Alternate ) Jessop & Co Ltd. Calcutta SHRI S. K. SADHU SHRI S. NAG ( Alternate )

( Continued ,@I Copyright

BUREAU OF INDIAN

on page 2 )

1987
STANDARDS

This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.

Ei

: llft55

- 1986

( Continued from page 1 )

Members
SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER CDO, NASIK SHRI R. SWARUP

Representing
Irrigation and Power Department ( Government of Maharashtra ), Nasik Central India Mechinery Manufacturing CO Ltd, Bharatpur ( Rajasthan ) Himachal Pradesh gizrrnment State . Electricity Board of Himachal Pradesh ), Power Corporation, Member )

SHRI M. C. TEWARI

SHRI K. C. BEHETY ( Alternate )

SHRI N. VISWANATHAN

SHRI G. S. SHARMA ( Alternate ) Director SHRI G. RAMAN, Director ( Civ Engg )

National Hydro-Electric New Delhi General,

BIS ( Ex-officio

Secrefary
SHRI HEMANT KUMAR Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), BIS

IS : 11855,- 1986

Indian Standard
GENERAL, REQUIREMENTS FOR RUBBER SEALS FOR HYDRAULIC GATES
0. FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institutioa on 30 October 1986, after the draft finalized by the Hydraulic Gates and Valves Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil EngirXeriag;L?ivision Council.

0.2 Dams/barrages are built for storage/diversion of water for irrigation In concrete dams, tunnels/spillways, or generation of electric power. head reguIator of hydel channels, forebay intake structure, by-pass channels and draft tube of power house, the flow of water is controlled with the help of hydraulic gates.

0.3 prevent flow of water past a closed gate, seals are provided either .To
on the gate or on the metal frame in the gate slot. Rubber is the most commonly used material for seals, as it is elastic, deforms readily and regains its original shape on removal of load. Reclaimed rubber shall not be used for seals.

1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard lays down the types and requirements used for all common types of hydraulic gates.

for rubber seals

2. MATERIALS

2.1The rubber for seal shall be fabricated from a high-grade, trade-type compound. The basic polymer shall be natural rubber, or a co-polymer of butadene and styrene, or a blend of both. The compound shall contain not less than 70 percent, by volume, of the basic polymer, and the remainder shall consist of reinforcing carbon black, zinc oxide, accelerators, antioxidents, vulcanizing agents, and plasticizers. The compound shall have the following physical properties: a) Shore A durometer hardness 65 & 5 b) Minimum elongation 450 percent 145 N/mm2 c) Ultimate tensile strength
3

IS:11855-1986
d) The rubber compound shall not absorb more than mass, of water, in seven days test. 10 percent by

e) The tensile strength of the test specimen, after being subjected to an accelerated ageing test of 48 hours in oxygen at 70C and 21 N/mm2 pressure, shall be not less than 80 percent of the strength of the test specimen before agemg. 3. CONSTRUCTION 3.1 Rubber seals may either be moulded or extruded ensuring a homogeneous cross-section. 3.2 On the hollow bulb the bulb at the splice. seals, a core of rubber stock may be used in

3.3 Corner seals shall be moulded whenever layout permits. 3.4 The metal clad seals shall be held firmly to the rubber through anchors during moulding. The fluorocarbon is introduced into the mould along with the raw-unvulcanized rubber compound and gets moulded and vulcanised simultaneously with the rubber so that the film is inserted or recessed into the rubber. 4. TYPES OF RUBBER SEALS common types of rubber seals used on

4.1 The following are the most gates: a) Angle shaped seals b) Flat/wedge c) Music note seal: i) solid bulb ii) hollow bulb

d) Double stem or caisson seal e) Double bulb seal 5. USES 5.1 Angle Sbaped Seals - These seals are moulded or extruded to the shape required and the sealing effect is obtained partly due to initial interference with the embeded sealing plate and partly due to the deflection under load. To ensure even tightening of seals and thus to avoid waviness of the seal, brass spacer tubes may be used. This type of seal Ss used on gates on the crests of dams and weirs ( see Fig. 1 ). 4
\

IS : 11855- 1986

I_
30

-4-t

eg
lt--

R1

100

l,okOI/

--IA
1
LlO

ANGLE

SEAL

TYPE

-I

ANGLE

SEAL

TYPE-II

All dimensions

in millimetres.

NOTE- The dimensions of the seals shown in the figure may be taken as indicative and nearest size seals as per moulds available with the manufacturers may also be used.

FIG. 1

COMMON SIZES OF ANGLE SHAPEDSEALS

5.2 Flat/Wedge Seals - These seals are used generally as bottom seals for all types of gates and they seal against bottom sealing plate. They require high initial compression loading for proper seating ( see Fig. 2 ). 5.2.1 The projection of bottom wedge seal shall vary from 2 to 5 mm depending upon the requirement and type of installation at the discretion of the designer. 5.3 Music Note Seal - Common sizes and the arrangement note seal over the seal base plate are shown in Fig. 3 and 4. of music

53.1 The initial interference of music note type seal shall vary from 2 to 5 mm depending upon the requirement and typeof its installation at the discretion of the designer.

100

-4li
I_ 10
R3
,1 B
L $6

r r
+

.-q12TOlL~

t_r

6 r_

I---I2o -

65

75

i.1 ._R6 TO fj7

I-

All dimensions

in millimetres.

NoTE-T~~ dimensions of the seals shown in the figure may be taken as indicative and nearest size seals as per moulds available with the manufacturers may also be used. [FIG.

COMMON SIZESOF FLAT SEALS

$iO,LlO

BULB

SEAL

qi!!&-:
HOLLOW BULB SEAL
J _--57 100 125 D 22 44 44 d 10 25 25 t 8 14 14

Sl No

Description Solid and Hollow do do

1.
2. 3.
FOG.

COMMON SIZESOF MUSIC NOTE SEALS 6

IS : ll@S

- 1986

PRESSURE PRESSURE COMPRESSION SEALtRECOMMENDED) COMPRESSION SEAL (NOT RECOMMENDED)

LEAKAGE PATH ALONG (RECOMMENDED)

FLOW

LEAKAGE PATH PERPENDICULAR TO STEM (NOT RECOMMENDED)

FIG. 4

ARRANGEMENTOF SEALS OVER SEAL BASE PLATE

5.3.2 The music note seal is generally recommended to be used on gates operated for head up to 30 metres. 5.3.3 The hollow bulb music note seal is recommended for gates operated at low head up to 15 metres. 5.3.4 A solid bulb music note seal is recommended for gates operated at medium head, that is at a head of wa:er exceeding 15 m but less than 30 m.

5.4 Double Stem or Caisson Seal - This type of seal is used for heads exceeding 30 m. The sizes are shown in Fig. 5. The sealing will be obtained due to interference of water pressure between the seal seat and seal and also behind the seal in space between the seal base plates. 7

IS :11855 -1986

SOLID

DOUBLE

STEM

SEAL

R29t

5o1
IL it
c

HOLLOW

DOUBLE

STEM

SEAL

SOLID

DOUBLE TYPE

STEM

SEAL

III
;R22

-70

SOLID DOUBLE STEM WITH BULBS AND ENDS TYPE-I

SOLID DOUBLE STEM WITH BULBS AT.ENDS TYPE-II

in millimetres.

All dimensions

of seals shown in the figure may be taken as NOTE - The dimensions indicative and nearest size seals as per moulds available with the manufactureIs may also be used.

FIG.5

COMMON SIZES OFDOUBLESTEM SEALS

8

IS:11855-

1986

5.4.1 The sealing bulb should rproject 6 mm beyond the face of the clamps. The initial interference of 2 to 5 mm between the plane of the sealing bulb and sealing face of the seal seat is usually provided.

5.4.2 These seals may be used as top, bottom and side seals either by using them with water pressure acting behind them which is withdrawn before the gate is moved to reduce/eliminate friction load or they may be used cladded with metal or fluorocarbon film to achieve the same On heavy gates such seals may be well used as bottom seals purpose. where enough mechanical compression becomes availab!e to make a good seal. 5.5 Double Bulb Seal - These type of seals are used where the gate is required to seal from either upstream or downstream side. These are normally used for installation such as lock gates ( see Fig. 6 >. 6. FORCE ON SEALS DUE TO INTERFERENCE DEFLECTION AND

6.1 An idea of the forces likely to develop in the seal due to compression on account of interference and due to deflection is indicated in the ,curves shown in Fig. 7 and 8 for the guidance of designer.

DOUBLE

BULB

SEAL

All dimensions in millimetres. The dimensions of seals shown in the figure may be taken as NOTE indicative and nearest size seals as per moulds available with the manufacturers may also be used. FIG. 6 COMMON SIZE OF DOUBLE BULB SEAL
9

IS : 11855 1986 -

70mm a z
W--I r$
-I

SOLID SOLID SOLID

BULB BULB BULB

2.5 i-

57mm L5mm

2.c ,-

r, 00 ;: _.JW--. izip n W E if? tn

1.5

1-o

i7mm HOLLOW (Cp 25mm) BULB

0.5 ;5mm HOLLOW +25mm) BULB 0 u

PIJ &U

6.0

8.0

10.0

COMPRESSION DUE TO INITIAL INTERFERENCE NOTE 1 - The chart required to compress These values shall be ageing and repeated results. NOTE 2 -

will serve as a guide for calculation

of approximate

loads

the bulb portion of seals in contemplated installations. used as an approximation only because of time effect OF compression cycles of the rubber will influence the given in the chart is based upon tests.

The information

FIG. 7

FORCES DEVELOPED DUE TO COMPRESSION

10

IS :11855- 1986

, L

LOAD REQUIRED dN A SEAL PRODUCE A GIVEN AMOUNT DEFLECTION(X)

STEM OF

TO

B-SOLID LINE;lLmm B-BROKEN LINE -19mm B-DOTTED LINE-25mm

DEFLECTION, FIG; 8

x IN mm

FORCES DEVELOPED DUE TO DEFLECTION SEALS

7. FRICTION 7.1 The friction IS : 5620-1985*.

OF

of seals

shall be in accordance to determine

with

Appendix F of

7.2 The area of loading shall be as under:

the frictional load on the seals upon by water

a) Caisson Seal - The area ( B X length ) acted pressure behind the seal ( see Fig. 7 ).

b) Music Note Seal - The projected area ( A X length ) of the seal up to the centre of the bulb ( see Fig. 8 ).
*Recommendations for structural gates ( second revision ). design criteria for design of low head slide

11

IS-: 11855- 1986

3. CLADDED
8.1 Rubber

SEALS

seals are metal cladded to reduce frictional forces. 8.2 These seals are less flexible than rubber seals. These seals are less ,effective to cover the deficiencies caused by misalignment in the embedded To overcome the metal of the gate or variations in the gate fabrication. drawback of reduced flexibility of fully cladded seals and to cover some degree of misalignment of either the gate or embedded parts, cladding *may be provided on portion of the seal as shown in Fig. 9.

3mm

WIDE METAL

x 15mm HIGH CLADDING

All dimensions

in millimetres.

FIG. 9 '8.3Cladding

TYPICAL EDGE SLOTTING

of seals may be done with brass, bronze, stain!ess steel or The fluorocarbon cladded seals have more flexibility and fluorocarbon. a very low value of friction. 8.4 The normal thickness of cladding in case of cladded seals is 0 to 15 mm. For metal cladded seals ( bronze or steel ) and fluorocarbon vary from 075 mm to 15 mm. 8.5 For metal cladded seals suitable tests shall be carried out such that the seal shall not fail in adhesion between the rubber and the cladding. The test shall ensure adhesion bond of 176 N/cm nidth of the seal for a separation rate of 25 cm/minute. 8.6 The test shall ensure adhesion bond between the fluorocarbon and rubber as 54 N/cm width of the seal for a separation rate of 5 cm/ minute.

8.7 The ends of seals to be joined at site shall be cut to square at placeswhere they butt against the adjacent length. Rubber cementing compound shall be applied at the meeting faces of the seals. 12

ZS : 11855- 19%

9. TRANSPORTATION,

HANDLING

AND STORAGE

OF SEALS

9.1 Adequate care shall be taken damage in transport and storage.

for proper packing of seals to avoid

9.2 The seals should not be allowed to come in contact with any sharp edged or pointed objects or any abrasive surface that might cut or tear the rubber. 9.3 Direct sunlight, oxygen and ozone effects the physical properties of rubber and causes to ag: more quickly. Seals, therefore, should be stored in a dark cool room.

_ 9.4 It is suggested to leave the seals in the original packing lining on a flat surface, however, the seal shall be unrolled and kept, in a straight position on a flat surface at least 48 hours before insialliog it.

13

BNTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS ( SI UNITS ) Base Units Quantity Length Mass Time Electric current Thermodynamic temperature Luminous intensity Amount of substance Supplementary Units Quantity Plane angle Solid angle Derived Units Quantity Force Energy Power Flux Flux density Frequency Electric conductance Electromotive force Unit newton joule watt weber tesla hertz siemens volt Pascal Symbol N J W
Wb

Unit metre kilogram second ampere kelvin candela mole

Symbol m kg
S

A K cd mol

Unit radian steradian

Symbol rad sr

Definition 1N 1J 1w 1T 1 Hz 1s 1v 1 Pa = 1 kg.m/s* = 1 N.m = 1 J/s = 1 Wb/m = 1 c/s(s-1) = 1 A/V = 1 W/A = 1 N/m*

1 Wb = 1 V.S

T HZ S V Pa

Pressure, stress