SCHAUM'’S OUTLINE OF THEORY AND PROBLEMS of QUANTUM MECHANICS YOAV PELEG, Ph.D. REUVEN PNINI, Ph.D. ELYAHU ZAARUR, M.Sc. SCHAUM’S OUTLINE SERIES McGRAW-HILL New York San Francisco Washington, D.C. Auckland Bogoté Caracas Lisbon London Madrid MexicoCity Milan Montreal New Dehli San Juan Singapore Sydney Tokyo TorontoYOAV PELEG, Ph.D.., received his doctorate in physics from the Technion Institute of Technology in Haifa, Israel, He has published to date dozens of articles, mostly in the area of general relativity and quantum cosmol- ogy. Currently he is working as a researcher with Motorola Israel. REUVEN PNINI, Ph.D. received his doctorate in physics from the Technion Institute of Technology in Haifa, Israel. He has published to date several articles, mostly in the area of condensed matter physics. He is currently the Chief Scientific Editor of Rakefet Publishing Ltd. ELYAHU ZAARUR, M5Sc., received his master of science in physics from the Technion Institute of Technol: ogy in Haifa. He has published more than a dozen books on physics. He is currently the Managing Director of Rakefet Publishing Ltd. ‘Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of (QUANTUM MECHANICS Copyright © 1998 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, nc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United Sues of America. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976, no part ofthis publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, of stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission ofthe publisher ‘Sponsoring Editor: Barbara Gilson Production Supervisor: Clara Stanley Editing Supervisor: Maureen B. Walker ISBN 0.07-084018-7 Peleg, Yoav. ‘Schiauas outline of quantum mechanics / Youw Peieg, Reuven Pai lyahu Zaarur. pcm, -> (Schaum's outline series.) Includes index. ISBN 0-07-054018-7 (pbk.) 1. Quantum theory. Il. Quantum theory—Problems, exercises, ete, [LPhini, Reuven. IL. Zaarur, Elyahu, Il. Title, IV. Series, QCIT4.12.P415 1998 $30.12—de2t m. McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw Hill CompaniesPreface ‘Quantum Mechanics (henceforth QM) is without a doubt the most important and the most difficult branch of physics. Our entire current understanding of the material universe is based upon it, ‘There are many useful introductory texts available today each with its own particular flavor and approach. ‘The approach taken in this volume is to present to the beginning student an extensive and rich selection of prob- lems and solutions that cover all the main areas given in an introductory course in QM. Special emphasis was placed on presenting the basic concepts and results. Part of the task of assimilating introductory QM involves mastery of the formal (mathematical) methods. Such mastery is necessary to be able to continue with the more advanced topics. Fffort was placed in presenting problems that demonstrate the application of QM to the solu- tion of applied problems. We have also found it useful to include a chapter on numerical methods. The computer is already firmly established as an important tool of the practicing physicist. We wish to thank the following individuals for their contribution and assistance to the production of this volume: Dr, Uri Onn, Zahir Millad, M.Sc., Moran Furman, M.Sc., and Arya Bart, M.Sc. It is our hope that this volume will help the novice to QM to overcome the initial hurdles to mastering this fascinating and important discipline, YOAV PELEG [REUVEN PNINI ELYAHU ZAARUR iii