Lu Hong Ly Su tm

Raid Cch ci t
Tng hp: Lu Hong Ly

Lu Hong Ly Su tm

CCH CI T H THNG RAID

===* * * === 1.Gii thiu : RAID c vit tt t Redundant Array of Independent Disks v cn t nht hai cng thit lp mt mng RAID vi mc ch l :

Tng cng tc truy cp d liu h thng lu tr hoc ( RAID 0 ) Tng cng tin cy v mt d liu ( RAID 1 ) Hoc c hai mc tiu trn .

Trong RAID0 d liu c ghi xen k vi mc ch tng cng tc truy cp d liu trong cng . N lm vic bng cch chia nhng file ghi trn a thnh nhiu mu ( gi l xen k ) v ghi mi mu trn nhng cng khc nhau . V d nu bn c file vi dung lng 200KB v 02 a cng , n s ct thnh hai mu 100KB mi mt mu ghi trn cng khc nhau .

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Chng ta s gii thch tm tt nh sau : trn thc t mi mt mu c dung lng nht nh tu theo cu hnh ca RAID khi chng ta thit lp h thng . Nu h thng RAID0 thnh nhng mu 128KB th n s chia file dung lng 200 KB ca chng ta thnh 02 mu 128KB ( trong s c mt mu 28KB trng ) . Nu h thng ca chng ta dng mt mu 32KB th 200KB ca chng ta c chia thnh 8 mu 32KB v h thng s gi 04 mu cho mi a . Nh th th nh th no l hiu qu nht . Trong v d chng ta a ra thay v ghi trn mt a mt file dung lng 200KB th mi a s ghi dung lng l 100KB file lu tr nh vy xt v mt l thuyt thi gian lu tr 100KB bng mt na thi gian lu tr 200 KB . iu c bn trong RAID0 l t nhng cng lm vic song song vi nhau . Dung lng tng cng ca cng trong h thng RAID0 bng tng dung lng ca hai a . Nu chng ta dng 02 cng 80GB th h thng a ca chng ta l 160GB . Do nu bn mun tng hiu sut lm vic ca h thng th bn c th xem xt vic mua 02 cng dung lng nh v thit lp cu hnh h thng dng RAID0 thay th cho vic mua 01 cng c dung lng ln .

RAID1 , khng phi l ci tin hiu sut cng vic nhng n c mc ch nng cao tin cy ca d liu . N lm vic bng cch Copy mi th gi ti cng th nht v gi

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ti cng th hai , ngi ta hay gi n l mirroring . C th coi nh RAID1 l mt h thng lu tr Back-up phn cng . Nu a th nht hng th a th hai thay th ngay lp tc .

Do a cng th hai lu tr tng t nh a cng th nht nn dung lng lu tr trn ton h thng bng dung lng a cng th nht . Nu bn c 02 cng dung lng 80GB , thit lp cu hnh h thng RAID 1 th tng s dung lng h thng l 80GB . Nu chng ta quan tm n an ton d liu th RAID 1 l cch nn lm .

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Cn c nhng cu hnh RAID khc cng rt thun tin nhng phn cng iu khin RAID phi h tr ( hu ht tt c cc card iu khin du h tr RAID0 v RAID1 ) . Di y l tm tt mt s RAID thng dng na khc m h thng ca chng ta c th h tr . RAID 0+1 : H thng dng RAID0 v RAID1 cng mt lc . N cn 04 cng ging ht nhau . Nu mt cng hng th h thng tr thnh RAID0

RAID 10 : H thng dng RAID0 v RAID1 cng mt lc . N cn 04 cng ging ht nhau . Nu mt cng hng th h thng tr thnh RAID1 .

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RAID5 : N l h thng RAID0 lu tr nhng thng tin Parity cho tin cy cao hn . N cn t nht 03 cng . i vi h thng c 03 cng th tng s dung lng lu tr h thng kch thc ca 01 cng nhn vi 2 . V d c 03 cng 80GB thit lp h thng dng RAID5 th dung lng ton b h thng lu tr l 160KB , trong dng lng tng ng vi 1 cng dng lu thng tin Parity

JBOD : c vit tt t Just a Bunch of Disks v khng phi l h thng RAID n khng phi vi mc ch ci thin hiu sut ca cng hay tin cy . N dng ghp nhng cng c dung lng khc nhau thnh mt dung lng lu tr duy nht . V d : nu h thng dng JBOD thm cng 40GB vi 80GB thnh 120GB

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Chng ta cng c th kt hp theo hnh di y

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2.

Yu cu

c h thng RAID trong my tnh , bn cn hai iu : C phn iu khin RAID . t nht hai cng.

Ngy nay c nhiu Mainboard tch hp sn iu khin RAID nn chng ta d dng thit lp h thng RAID . u tin chng ta kim tra xem trn Mainboard c tch hp phn iu khin RAID hay khng . lm c iu ny tt hn ht chng ta nn c sch hng dn i km theo Maiboard . Hoc cng c th xem Chipset ca Mainboard - loi South Bridge ( hay c gi l ICH , I/O Controller Hub i vi Chipset ca Intel ) c ch R th c ngha l h tr RAID . V d Chip ICH7 th khng c nhng ICH7R th c tnh nng ny . Tng t nh th i vi nhng nh sn xut khc . V d VIA VT8237R th c RAID , nhng VT8237 th khng c . C mt vi nh sn xut gi RAID theo tn gi do h t ra nh Intel Matrix Storage hoc nVidia MediaShield Storage hoc i loi nh vy . Nhiu Mainboard c nhng Chip thm vo cung cp nhiu cng dng cho cng ca cc hng nh : SiliconImage, JMicron, Marvell, Promise v HighPoint . Thng thng nhng Chip thm vo ny c tch hp vi phn iu khin RAID . Do nu nhng Chipset ca Mainboard khng h tr RAID nhng nhng Chip thm vo th li c , lc th bn phi ci cng vo cng gn vi Chip ny m khng dng cng cng t Chipset South Bridge . Theo hnh di y :

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Chng ta xem chi tit Mainboard Intel D975XBX2 trong bi ny . Mainboard ny c 08 cng SATA II trong : 04 cng c iu khin bi Chipset (Intel 975XBX, dng ICH7R SouthBridge) v 04 cng c iu khin bi Chip Marvell 88SE6145 . C hai Chip ny u c tch hp iu khin RAID , nhng nu Chipset dng loi SouthBridge khc ( v d ICH7 ) th chng ta dng RAID 04 cng SATA II ph t Marvell 88SE6145 . Trong tnh hung trn chng ta c 02 Chip cho php dng RAID nn nhng cng phi c lp theo nhm cng . Intel dng mu en trn cng SATA ni vi Chipset v mu xanh nc bin trn cng SATA ni vi Chip thm vo . Do 02 cng ca chng ta phi cm trn cng cng mt mu . i vi Mainboard m Chipset c sn RAID th chng ta hay thch s dng nhng cng ny ni vi cng ( trong hnh trn l cng mu en ) . Nu Mainboard ca bn khng h tr RAID th phi dng Card iu khin RAID cm thm vo my tnh .

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2.

Lp t phn cng

Qu trnh lp ci t RAID c chia thnh 03 phn : Lp t phn cng , lc bn cm cng vo my tnh ca mnh vo nhng ch m s h tr cho h thng RAID . Cu hnh RAID , khi bn thit lp h thng dng 02 cng nh l mt mng RAID . Ci t h iu hnh , bn cn h iu hnh ti Driver ring bit nhn ra mng RAID ca bn . Mt iu cn ch , nu c d liu quan trng trn a th bn phi Backup trc v trong qu trnh ci t h thng RAID mi d liu trn cng trc kia s b xo hon ton . Vic cm cng l iu v cng n gin : ci cng vo my , ni dy ngun vo mi cng , cm cable tn hiu ca cng vo cng cng tng ng trn Mainboard ( nu Mainboard khng h tr RAID th phi mua Card iu khin RAID v ni cable tn hiu cng vo Card ) . Tt nhin tt c cng vic trn thc hin trong lc my tnh tt . Trong hng dn ny chng ti dng Mainboard Intel D975XBX2 v 02 cng Samsung HD80HJ (80 GB, SATA-300) . Mt iu quan trng dng nhng cng m c th mang li hiu qu cao nht l cng ca chng ta cng phi t c ng tnh nng k thut ca n . C hai chun cng chnh hin nay l PATA ( hay cn gi l IDE ) v SATA . Cng PATA ngy nay t c s dng v cng SATA l chun ang c thng dng . Nu lp rp h thng mi chng ta khng nn dng a chun PATA . PATA c th cn hai tc ATA100 v ATA133 . Hin nhin tt nht chng ta nu dng loi cng ny th dng ATA133 cng vi cng ATA133 . tng hiu sut cao nht khng nn hai cng dng chung mt Cable ch Master v Slave v nn mi dng Cable ring vi ch Master . Tht khng may mn nhng Mainboard mi khng c nhiu hn hai knh IDE trn Mainboard nn vic la chn dng nhng cng PATA l km . Chng ta cng khng nn qun rng cng PATA cng c th h tr RAID , nh hnh di y

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hnh trn cng PATA khng c iu khin bng Chipset m c iu khin bi Chip thm vo h tr RAID l GigaRAID. Do PATA dn dn b loi b khi h thng nn chng ta tp trung v SATA . SATA c th c hai tc : SATA I ( 1.5Gbps) v SATA II ( 3 Gbps) . Tt nht l cng SATA II ni vi cng SATA II trn Mainboard . Vic ci t rt d dng . Ni mt Cable SATA vo mt cng v ni cable ngun SATA v cng ( nu ngun cung cp ca bn khng c dy cable ni vi ngun ca SATA th phi c Adaptor chuyn i ) , theo hnh di y :

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u khc ca Cable SATA cm ti cng SATA trn Mainboard . Cch t chc tt nht l dng nhng cng c s nh trc . V d nu cng trn Mainboard dng Chipset SouthBridge ICH6 c ghi SATA0, SATA1, SATA2 v SATA3 . Chng ta s dng cng SATA0 v SATA1 . Nn nh rng bn phi cm Cable vo cng m h tr RAID trn Mainboard ( hoc trn Card iu khin RAID cm thm ) , theo hnh di y

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4. Cu hnh RAID Nu dng nhng cng iu khin cng bng Chipset h tr RAID , bn cn u tin vo Setup ca Mainboard v cu hnh chng thnh RAID thay th IDE . i vi cu hnh khi chn IDE th chng lm vic nh cng IDE thng thng , nu chn cu hnh l RAID l cho php chng lm vic nh kiu h thng RAID. Trn thc t nu bn khng thay i cu hnh thnh RAID th h thng ca chng ta khng xut hin cu hnh RAID ny trong qu trnh POST , bi v ngn chn chng ta thit lp cu hnh lung tung trong h thng . Do vo Setup ca Mainboard ( bng cch bm phm Del sau khi bt my tnh ) thay i s la chn ny . Trong la chn ca Mainboard chn Advanced , Drive Configuration, Configure SATA As . Phn la chn ny tu thuc vo nh sn xut .

Sau khi thay i cu hnh ny , bn cn lu li s thay i v thot ra ngoi .

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Cu hnh RAID bng cch bm phm trong qu trnh POST (Power-On Self Test) . Dng t hp phm no vo phn t cu hnh cho RAID s xut hin trn mn hnh trong qu trnh POST v ph thuc tu theo nh sn xut Chip nh :

Intel l Control - I, Marvell l Control - M, SiliconImage l Control - S, JMicron l Control - J ..

Trong trng hp Mainboard dng 02 Chip h tr RAID s c hai v d nh mt RAID dng cho Chipset v mt RAID khc dng Chip Marvell 88SE6145 , th s xut hin hai hin th cho vic la chn ny . Khi ni hai cng vi phn iu khin RAID bng Chipset theo hnh di y v bm Ctrl-I vo cu hnh h thng RAID

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Trn mn hnh s xut hin khc nu khi cm cng vo Chip Marvell iu khin RAID , vo cu hnh h thng RAID bm Ctrl-M

i vi h thng RAID dng Chipset Intel sau khi bm Ctrl-I trn mn hnh s xut hin nh sau :

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Mi tin ch rt n gin v d s dng . Trong v d ca chng ta trn mn hnh xut hin nhng thng tin v nhng cng cm trong my tnh . u tin chn Create RAID Volume , thit lp h thng RAID theo hnh di y

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y chng ta s phi cu hnh nh sau :

Volume Name : h iu hnh s truy cp vo RAID thng qua tn ny . RAID Level : kiu RAID m bn mun , RAID0 , RAID1 , hoc nhng kiu RAID khc ph thuc vo Chip iu khin RAID . Disks : chn nhng a m bn mun trong mng RAID Strip size : kch thc ca mu d liu m h thng RAID s s dng . Nu bn khng tho lm th nn ch ngm nh ca n ( thng thng l 64 KB hoc 128 KB ) . Capacity : c th cu hnh dung lng thp hn nu nh chng ta to nhiu RAID Volume ( ging nh khi nim partitiontrong mng RAID , c ngha l c th to hai hoc nhiu RAID ) . V d nu mng c dung lng 160GB , chng ta cu hnh 100GB cho RAID cn 60GB cn li lm vic nh mt cng c lp tch ri .

Sau khi bm Create Volume , trn mn hnh xut hin hi vic khng nh cho cng vic ny v thng bo d liu trn cng s b xo . Bm Y v RAID c thit lp .

Sau trn mn hnh xut hin v vic to xong h thng RAID

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5. Ci h iu hnh By gi bn cn ci h iu hnh sau khi khai bo xong cu hnh RAID ca phn cng . Chng ta s ci h iu hnh Windows XP trong phn hng dn ny . Cho a CD ci t Windows XP vo CDROM , khi ng my tnh cho php CD khi ng trc. C mt vn l Windows XP khng t ng nhn ra h thng RAID , do n ngh rng my tnh khng c cng ci t nh thng bo theo hnh di y :

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Lc ny bn cn phi c a mm m cha phn Driver ca RAID . Phn Driver ca RAID c cha trong a CD-ROM i km theo Mainboard khi mua , hoc theo Card cm thm iu khin RAID . ng dng ny c nm theo th mc gi l RAID hoc tng t nh vy . Trong v d trn n l file c tn f6flpy32_STOR_5.5.0.1035_PV.zip , chng ta gii nn v chy File c phn m rng l .exe , n s yu cu chn a mm trng vo mm v to thnh a cn thit s dng . Nu bn khng c a CD ny th cn ti trn trang Web ca nh sn xut Mainboard hoc Chipset . Khi Windows XP CD-ROM bt u qu trnh ti , chng ta s theo di khi c dng thng bo Press F6 if you need to install a third party SCSI or RAID driver th bm ngay phm F6 v chn a mm va to vo mm .

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T bn thn Windows khng xc nh c v tr ca Driver RAID nh hnh di y

Khi mn hnh xut hin nh trn bn bm phm S chn t mm Driver m Windows s ti . Nh hnh di

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Trong trng hp v d trn , hy chn Intel (R) 82801GR/GH SATA RAID Controller (Desktop ICH7R/DH) do chng ta dng Chip ICH7R. Sau khi chn Driver trn mn hnh s hin th Driver s c ci t nh hnh di

T by gi Windows s nhn ra mng RAID chnh xc ca n . Trong v d trn , chng ta dng h thng RAID0 vi 02 cng 80 GB v Windows s nhn dng 160 GB nh hnh di y :

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Bn nn lu s hin th trn mn hnh nhiu khi s thp hn mt cht . V d cng dung lng 80GB thng thng nhn 74.53GB , l nguyn nhn ti sao bn nhn thy 150GB m khng phi l 160GB . By gi cho php qu trnh ci t Windows nh bnh thng , ci t cc Driver phn cng i km theo v ci nhng chng trnh phn mm ng dng cn thit s dng . Thng thng phn iu khin RAID cng km theo phn mm qun l m bn c th ci chng trnh theo di h thng RAID . Theo v d m a ra th phn mm qun l c tn l Intel Matrix Storage Manager , n cho php bn xem tng qut h thng RAID v kim tra trng thi RAID nu chng ta dng nhiu cng trong h thng .

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Lu Hong Ly Su tm

CCH CI T RAID KHC

Trong trang Web ny ca chng ti hng dn ci t RAID 1 , ln ny chng ti gii thiu thm cch thc na ci t RAID1 , RAID 1 dng t nht 02 cng v cng ghi d liu trn 02 cng vi cng mt ni dung vi mc ch tng cng kh nng bo qun d liu , cc bc tin hnh nh sau :

To a mm bao gm Driver ca RAID Controller. Thit lp cu hnh cho RAID . Ci t Driver ca RAID Controller . Phn vng cng cho RAID . Format cc phn vng Ci t Windows .

Trong phn ny chng ti gii thiu tch hp phn iu khin RAID ca GigaRAID (IT8212) . 1. To a mm cha Driver RAID Controller ph hp . Ly a CD c nhn l ITE_RAID Driver v tm v tr ca Driver ph hp .

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Bn copy nhng file trong th mc tng ng vi h iu hnh , V d Win2K_XP , vo a mm trng . a mm ny s c s dng trong qu trnh ci t Windows . t cu hnh ca BIOS my tnh cho php a CD khi ng trc Bt my tnh ln , ch khong 03 giy , bm phm DEL vo chng trnh Setup BIOS . Vo phn Advanced BIOS Features thit lp cho php CD khi ng trc. Save li qu trinh thay i bng cch bm F10 ( tu nhng BIOS khc nhau ).

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2. Cm 02 cng cho ch RAID

Tt ngun my tnh . Chng ta s ni 02 cng vo phn iu khin RAID trn Mainboard ch khng phi ni vo knh chun EIDE . s dng RAID 1 , ni 02 cng thnh Primary Master v Secondary Master trn mi u ni 40 chn , nh hnh trn . 3. Thit lp cu hnh cho RAID Chn a CDROM ci t Windows XP vo CD . Sau khi lp t 02 cng vo PC , chng ta lm bc tip theo l t cu hnh cho RAID . Bt my tnh ln trn mn hnh chng ta s thy xut hin nh sau :

Bm CTRL-G vo thit lp cu hnh cho RAID

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Bm 1 thc hin qu trnh thit lp cu hnh t ng

Thit lp phn Array Type l RAID1 Bm CTRL-Y lu li thng s thit lp , bm ESC quay tr v menu chnh --> bm ESC mt ln na tip tc qu trnh khi ng . H thng tip tc thc hin qu trnh khi ng t a ci t Windows XP v vo chng trnh Windows Setup . 4. Ci t Driver ca RAID Controller By gi chnh l lc s dng a mm c chun b lc trc m c Driver ca RAID Controller . qu trnh nh sau :

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Bm phm F6 khi thy c dng "...... install third party SCSI or RAID driver" bn di mn hnh . Bm S khi c dng "specify additional SCSI adapters, CD-ROM drives, or special disk controllers for use with Windows ............." xut hin . Chn a mm m chng ta chun b khi c yu cu "Manufacturersupplied hardware support disk" --> bm Enter . Nu trn mn hnh xut hin "The file txtsetup.oem could not be found" , th bn c bm phm bt k tip tc . Khi thy xut hin "ITE IT8212 ATA RAID Controller (Windows 2000/XP)" , bn bm phm Enter tip tc . mn hnh tip theo hi c thm thit b no khc khng , bm Enter tip tc .

Bn s thy xut hin mn hnh " Welcome to Setup " 5. Setup Windows Trn mn hnh Welcome to Setup s c nhng la chn nh sau :

To set up Windows XP now, press ENTER. To repair a Windows XP installation using Recovery Console, press R. To quit Setup without installing Windows XP, press F3.

Bm phm Enter , trn mn hnh s xut hin END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT --> bm F8 tip tc . Qu trinh Windows Setup tip din vi nhng bc nh sau :

To phn vng trn cng : trn mn hnh s xut hin khong trng Unpartitioned , bm C to Partition . Bn c th c cng lm mt phn vng th bm Enter , nu bn mun chia thnh nhiu phn vng th bn nh s dung lng cho phn vng th nht v bm Enter. Nhng phn vng tip theo th sau khi ci t Windows xongth chng ta c th lm trc tip trong mi trng Windows. Format C ( phn vng th nht ) : bn c th chn kiu nh dng cng l FAT hoc NTFS v ch Format l Quick hoc khng . Tip tc ci t Windows : bn s c yu cu chn Driver ITE IT8212 ATA RAID Driver Diskette ca vo A , v bm Enter .

6. t cu hnh khi ng RAID Sau khi ci t xong Windows XP , chng ta phi vo BIOS chn th t Boot cho IT8212 RAID Controller , trong phn Advanced BIOS Features bn chn SCSI/SATA/RAID Boot Order .

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kim tra RAID Controller , bn bm chut phi MyComputer --> chn Properties --> Chn Hardware --> chn Device Manager , bn s thy SCSI and RAID controllers

Bn cng c th dng chng trnh RAID Manager cng vi a i km h tr trong Windows

HT

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