JTG

JTG D61-2005

Code for Design of Highway Masonry Bridges and Culverts

2005-08-16 ~ {;i

2005-11-01 ~Di

Code for Design of Highway Masonry Bridges and Culverts

JTG D61-2005

3:.~ If!.1ft: tf 5( 0- ~ ~ ~~ii it I;t tltJi-$f1: tf$A~#5fPt!l5(~-$ ~MB S M: 2005.if- 11 fJ 01 S

2005· ;fl:*

qt $ A ~~ INB~+FftE. i} 1& t5 I ef iii i.iIt·1Je ~J

JTG D61-2005

*"

'.
3 %)

"P3t%~~:lGtl1ititlm
(100011

.1:#.IlU

}'.I~~.j6m tI:lll&t±ll:.lIl&~ff :ft:$:r!f~IlBI3:1C5:En)HHg~W ~JtMIIi$~JiSria~ :ft:$:3(ifll"IJ*~~0iJ]"P.Iil~

H:<$::

880 x 1230 1116 20051p 20051p

"P~:

~~:

97

JO Jj

~ IIl& ~ 1 &"IJlil~

10 Jj 3OO00!llt

"P~:

0001-

5:Effl':19.00 Jt

~-~%:

15114 ·0887

*~~/frl<0B*:bJIfJf~~r~it~~m:~
(JTG D61-2005)E8%~
§jt 12-;-

~~:trJ{0B*:t5Itrf~i~Bt~~mJ(rrG D61-2005), § 2005 ~ 11 A 1 13 ®Mli1l\ 1m {0~~~bt1~ijE±ffrtiriiit~.N.m}(ITJ 022-85) li¥Jat~ll:o {0B*:t5ItrftJirWJtmm}(JfG D61-2005) 9=t~ 3.2.1...3.3. L.3. 3. 2,3.3.3,3.3.4, 4.0.3 A. 0 .4 ,5 .3 .4 1Jj!i$tJ f£~)( ,16\@i* p.~00 *ff *Ifilt~f~ftj!i $tJtt~)( I¥Jff *~ JEF~1Alr {Ifilti9J'-Fflj!i$tJ'I:£~)(}( 0B*Ifi~?t )2002 Jtli 9=t*r{0B*~1i lJt..tm ijE± ffr~-Wjt~.N.m}(ITJ 022-85) ~5£ *,J'I1:~)CIi¥J B1 ~ll: {0~:I:iJltrfMriiit~.N.m}(JfG D61-2005) EI3=t3t0B*m:l(;tlliit~fft~iAfU*,J,~.N.m~ 9 mf¥*JCfQ~m*Xlj3xJm~, S 1Itmf¥lJt.. ~JJ!I ~ B3 9=t3t0B*~~:l(;tl~it~fft ~ iW-*1f*.1:\TtE~~9=tt.±~fQ~Wff:-l-'J~,~f~~,lJt..M~~l_IR.~rii]~lQ~~~_w_.m~ 9=t -0~~.N.:l(;tl ~ ( :It!!:W: : :f~ J?: rP (ill1ltr 1?Y m~ Ii¥J 33 % , 1It~i!&: iAfU 100010, If* r:g iE : 3t liit iiI!:
0 0

01(}-65279988 ~ 1210 ?ttTL), L2.H!f~iTa1~~

*fJ1t0~o

!f!$A~:!t~rn!ljE~$
-=OO1i~J\.A +/\ S

*;J;!N,m:*flHJ&Ift$A~~ltl~3tJi$3t01f!2st[ 1999J739-'%X{~Tr~ 19991f1l 01f!@i!iH~fl;J;!N,1i1 ~~1ff!J1~iJI fFlt~tl a9ii~} a9~ * ,x;f{01f!~ 1i lk tlf)~I± fJi: ,};Elm , ~~it~1i1) (JTJ 022-85) JtHi1~iTrmJilt, #tIHJ& * ~m f.fii1lltJ:kfIXJ 'Eli 1!t~t)(2~ a9t.t1* , :j4f~] i1~f*BJ(:1g 1 {01f!!5 I fJi:~~lt~J{'.1i1} tE1~iTufi 1ft,;J;!N,1i11~'n 7 ~ I*J 3~ lftUIa91iJfJlJilt~ II1ftIfii1tjt~~~ ,1tT gll p'&JOC 1 .TOOII1ft~~a9~fl.1i1,~~~~~~1i1fFT~.*,~.otE.m:*x~.f.fii~~JiIt k.{Ja ,iin~#1JA)iZjtMiE>J(T:fL~.1iL*,1'Aa9~Ji!.,x;f~]m:a9±~~~JtHiTut. ~t5t,~~lY..~it~,1~BJ(*,1E~,m:JaE83tii$~IPJ1f~k$n'Eli1!t};E.o 1~iTFoa9.m:~13 7 ~ 21'-~~,1~iJ~±~I*J~§m: l.nH01f!I~~~~~1l~it~-;&~fl)(GB/T 50283-1999) ~~]};E,*fflT k.{. *JJIH~)g~1iili t&~~~~~it1Jr! ~ 2. n:{Ifi£r'i~~it~**ift*,iim ~-'%}(GBJ 132-90) ~ ~]};E,f~BJ( ~-'%*~tl ill T T~*~iPJ*ifto 3. :f:tj:boT1f ~:bO$ ±m il1J1ti ~ I*J ~ 4.tEifJ~1JOO ,JOCt~7~ifJ~,*mTif~~1tOO~f,~fl~1iifJ ,tm~±*,~~lHBUt ~#lo n:t&rn~~t11t1Jr!, 1IltJ~74l-#ifJ~a95jllW:it{O:o 5.~lltJil~TifJ~m:1~5£1l~#l~;J;!N,};E,~iliTtiA'Ii~*o 6.X;fJffi:~m:!5I1MUJL'~ffiit.fFT~~f~iE*,am:o ifl3~ lftUItErAti* ~]1i1 ufj 1ft, tl:~ ,g,£r'i ~~ , fJt~~ ~ ,~ a;f:j4fJ ~ *,@i)l. pj§ ~ ~ I'O Elft3t01f!~]~tlW:it~(~tg*lmmrliPOOqijlPJ 33 -,%, Ib~~ 1~1O), k.{#tftHXf~iTat~~
0

*'~

* ~Jl!. f.fii m:± .1iL: 1ft5t0lm~]~tl~it~ *~] m:~ ~ lft1:1L:***~,rMm1!ixii~]~tlWJ~t1it~, ib~W:it1iJfJl~o *~Jl!.m:±~~~A:~J1Jigtl,*~#it.~~-.qij:k~3j(:!Jt1!ij

1rn)ll1!i3tiiff01f!~]~tl .qij@$,1i1Z::t

1
2

*'iI'~~~
2.1 2.2

,'i!?,.9lIJ •.••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

,., •••..•........•••••••••.•.....•.••••.......•..•••••••••••

2
2 3

#iit

*%
.. . .. . .. ... .

~*4

5
5 6 7 11 18 18 20 22 23 23

4
5

;;fJ*45j1Jt~?2k 3. 2 ;;fJ*4~*~3j(. 3.3 ;;fJ*4i&titmli~ ~i4=iii.t~i.t.

3.1 5. 1 5 .2 5 .3

mm····················································
mmit ... ·... mmf1;J~······ mm:&&I IDf~~ . ... .. . .. . ,

. ... .. . . " .. . ...•....•... ..

.. ... . .. ... .

.. .

.~

6.1
6. 2 6. 3 7 ]ijIiJ

-~~JE
~,;f&Am~ 'El

.. ... .

... .. ... .

.. . .. ... .

24 27 29 31 32

mm:llt 'El

1Ift~ A ~~iiti4=~ILta9~.~It:&~iW1*~~ 1Ift~ B m~BimLta9i.t.~i9:

*mm.miiiji~pJ.l lIfti4= (~.~Im]ii!Btmm»(JTG

D61-2005h~xi~PJ.l

35 37

~f£!5IfJfrm~lt9=t:BHW~JtJr~~a9tt*g£mJf&:Jl,ifJJl!:ttl!.~~fJf~~f1JjJ~ lOJl1JiJJ*4,f~¥Utt*7'G*,g(~PJ#,mffljij!A,g£mifJJl!, 'ffl!Jj£*~j.m:o

1.0.1·

1.0.3

*~m:ftHm(0B!I;m~f1JPJ#Jjt~lt~-f~fl}(
0

GB/T

50283)~j.j£a9)](})lU ~

1ff!$lJiT
1.0.4

~j.j£o

*m*~m:*lT0B!!5IfJf~a9~f1J~ltllt,

rlUMrfififlt*~~f~fl,~j.m:a9

-1-

2.1

/ltiit :l:5I~niI masonry

0

2.1.1

*4 ,,@f.~I¥J~~~WBWiI
2.1.2

~~~~ • • ±~m~~~#~~.~~~~m.±~~w~~.~~~.~~
flH&~~
limit state

bridge and culvert

.~~~~~~I¥J-$~eM~-~~~~.~n.~~~.~I¥J~-~.~~ Bt ,.Iltt~1E~~~~wij~I¥Jt&~Il!jjt~o ;fJ*,-~li~;flFf1E{R characteristic value of material strength ~it~~~ 14E1t l¥JifJ*45j~ I¥J *1-t~Hil ~ M PI;fLH!~~~l~;fi~ ffEI¥JfJ*4 , i JOCJt5j1t~$*1JJ1¥J 0.05 *1iI{R1iffJ~o
2.1. 3

*m

2.1. 4

;fJ~-t~sUl~ltm design value of material ~ft~1t~ffEm~~~ft~1t*~~~~l¥Jmo

strength

fFffl action J1f[tm tE£a~ .l;f¥J fJ EJ(;?t IJ fJ , :~m~:$ "£a f1g f¥J§ m:~ , f4\j.J 1t~fF ffl , -tfLf4\ {i1f ~ 1 j.J ~; 111 fE~~7~ 1JO~%~t"HR~% I¥J)]"{ , flot&1t" ~~~~?:jm~ 1251 jffi't1t~1t ~,f$ ~ 1'8] tt~mo ~*~f4\~~mo
2.1. 5

2.1. 6

fFffl;fi~f1Em characteristic value of an action fFmf¥J~~~*mo~mPI~m~#~ffEAA~~*~$?t1JJf¥J~-*1iIm1iffJ~o flOEEfFffltz:1:.~~~EJ(;fl;j14f¥J~lnJh"

f'Fffl5fJcM effect of an action £a~J9f~f'Fmf¥JBiM,f4\~fFm~iMo ~fJ "mh ,,~~~~%~o

2.1.7 2.1. 8

~m'\

$:3t~~

safety class

-2-

~~mBA~~m~~~tt,m.m.M~.~~~~~*~Fme~w~*~~ it~~~r}L
2.1. 9
~o

M~m~'Ii*~ coefficient for importance of a structure ~~~~~~.~~~,~~~A~.~~~.~w*m~~m~~~~~*~*

*J.w*~ partial safety factor ~~~~~~~~~~~#A~.~~~.~,~M~.~~~~~*~~~*m ~*~o*~~m*~*~~u~*~*~~o

2.1.10 2.2 ~~

2.2.1

;fJt-+tE~~ MU-1i;fJ5j~~.; C-t~~±5j~~.;

M-R9?11gjJjt~~ ; fck ,fcd-~;fJ ,t~fJt±, 1iWf*~{.,mff5jJjtfJF{1fdll, -W:itm;

i tk ,itd-1iWf*$IL"mtL5j~f,jfff{j[, ~itm; itntlr,itmd-1iiM J~~±,@Jf*~lHImtL5j1tf,jffEm, ~itm;

fvk ,fvd-ylfJt±, 1iWf*1it4H1c~5£J}tfJF{1Em, -W:itm; E c-Yl~±~ffi5iji'lim:lt; Gc-t~~±Jg1tm. ; Em-@Jf*~ffi5"lim:lt ;

Gm-1iWf*~~m.o
2.2.2

~m~i~

Nd-it A~m*~*~JaEtg~rtJj]~itm;
M d-it

A~m*J.w*~Jaag~~-W:itm; Vd-it A~m*J.w*~~~JgjJ~itmo JL1PJ~~

2.2.3

A-1mOOOOfR ; Az-fiU$jf(ffOOfR ; Ab-fiU$jf(ffit.~OOfR w-1mOO5"Iim:m~ ;

;
-3-

s-~oooo~~;
rPJ; agMJL'~; j s-~mti>L'~-MJL,jJrPJ~OOJi1~agJi!~ i-~atIJfOOpgag~OO@1~*~; r-[MJ%~OO*~;
e-~

h-~%~OOrt6J3t ; b-~%~OO~1t;

l-f1J14 5L~rEi] *1t~1l4f~; lo-f1J14it. *J3t; In-{fJt1l4f~ ; La-1jH!H~~*1t

a

2.2.4

itJJ:*?/& Yo-~f1Jl[~'I1:*?/& ; cp-®J1*f1J{45'l:&"~j;j;u[iij*?/&,t~~±!fIBJL'~1lif1J{4~atI*?/&~1jtOtp~m!fIB ~ agtJ] ~ l31l4f1:£*jij ; ag

m-~OO~~*?/&~~m~mm!fIB*?/&~
f3-t~~±fiU$ jKffi5!iUlj'~rt6 *?/&;

f1f-}~H~*?/& a

-4-

3 .1.1
1 2

~ifJ, t~tj€±lU1t9#lHN~1il1t~~, illttrfjtlj;'£JE;j;fUtf : ~ifJ~.9l~~~: MU120,MUlOO, MU80,MU60,MU50,MU40,MU30o

t~tj€±~1il~~&'ll: C40, C35, C30, C25, C20, C15
0

3 1t9#lH1il1t~&'ll: M2Q,M15,MlO,M7 .5,M5o tt :(1) Etis£JJt~r,&31U1Bll 70mm f8 71< tfg;f!j f8 JL jJ 1*~ {tff8VtEB£ JJt ( MPa) ~ffi

Vtffis£JJt IllL:='::I#( {tf-'jZ:hl] ~

0

lilo

tl!{jt±S£JJt ~r,&f8 JE50i!. { 0~~JFjtl!{jt±bUifi1iiIjJtl!{jt± tJf~m:it~ mJ (JTG 062-2004) (3)~9Rf8S£JJt~~*m;t:!I* 70. 7mm f8f,~fiJLjJ1*~ftf 28d Vtffis£JJt (MPa)~ffi Vtffis£JJt.ll1.:=::I#(~ftf-'jZ:hl]
(2)
0

lilo

3.2.1

0i&~Imjifi!a~~PJf{iJ=IHI9M~a9~fIB;lft~~@~ti~

3.2.1

a9~j!;go

3.2.1

±5I*f~a<.J:i:ifBiJl~~
~~.flt~J.t~~
MU50~~

~t1ir#lf!ll~

m~fi!!;~mflt~M.Jlt~~ Mlo(je,$ml M7.5(/J,miWl

m~
je,

C25iIUi.::):{1Jir1i)' C30;1.±(Bi$lJ~l
MU40~~

$mll:~ &~iII, $2~m~

C25l1.±(l.ll!~l C30il.±(Bi$lJ~)
MU30~~

M7.5

IJ'miWJt:~ ,~iII

C20;I.±(1;!i!~l C25il.±(Bi$lJ~l

MS

3.2.2

Jt~t~mt±1gt~tj€±q:t~A~~T}t1*fR20%

~Jt~,

Jt~~1il1t~~~ill1~T

-5-

m~±5jJJr~#&fll*~mm

*~1EB"J1iifJ:ft1~5jJJr~#&o ~tt •• ®~~ •• ~*~~JJr~#&B"Jm~±*mo

3.2.1
jJ

Jtl1tm~±~J.m5jJJr,

3.2.3 ~ip:iji~ i1~3 . 2 . 3 B"J _f1E ~

f:l:5]1ffiU3t1t£T~~T

- 1O'C 8<1:f:&IR, m 8<1llifJm$tEmt;FM~ Nf

50
$:

25

(l)1Jt~1':Emt'F ,~m#t-l-{£**-@;fil~~rf~tt
(2)~~

- 15"Ci'f{]~fa_!o:j2O"C1M1ti'f{]~fF{Xf£o

U\lJ£tJEi'f{]#;f4J1iI:x~

.lIHY1m(~~ ,Jm~) ,::l't5!li.J3t;fmff&-'fU\lJ£tWIi'f{]0.75

ffl'

1V.1±~jEM2%itlE~#;fSI.fJffJ:f:fJE~1Jt~'l1:fjg1!f , llJ;fff1Jt~U\~o

11ifJ mJt:ff ifi# JXl1b¥1l 1~t!k tt m T ~ m B"JX 1-t¥ ~/f m 1~TO. 8 $

3 .2. 4
0 0

7J(]~1(;=(.1,* JH1il:f:& 5t fJ £a #J B"J 1ifJ lw IRB"J 1

0

$ :tk 1t~!J& ~ m;cJ ,fJ{£ **

-@;fil:jj(~

r_!o:j T~:jj(~ rU\:!R1'1,ulUTi:tt5!li.ltag t~{j[

3.2.5
D62-2004)

£aft] tm ~±J.&~i1 {0 ~mM tm~± *T~#Jtm~± ifi# 0.'118<1

~*
0

s.turJ.&fJ

tm~± #ft~rt)t-j,t~_f m} (IrG

3.3.1

1i;M~IJJtij!i.tmb!Z~*3.3.1aq~~3i~m
~ 3.3.1
MUl20 MUl00 26.49 1.82

=E"~~mJti9:i.tUi(MPa)
MU80

MU60 15.89 1.09

~
13.24, 0.9{

MU40 10.59 0.73

MU30 7.95 0.55

~
$III JI>tt ffi f cd

31.78 2.18

21.19 1.45

~1IIlm::tLI_

3.3.2

1ilfi±~IJJtiii.tmb!Z~*
~ 3.3.2
C40

3.3.2

~~*m
C30

m~±~1ti9:i.tm(MPa)

~ ~Jl.,m:ffifr:d ~1IIlm::tLf_

C35 13.69 1.14 2.28

as
9.78 0.92 1.85

C20

CIS 5.87 0.66 1.32

15.64 1.24 2.48

11.73 1.04 2.09

7.82 0.80 1.59

i:tim:OO'/.d

-6-

3.3.3

~~WJ1*mffi~jJlti!ti,tm~~~l': 1 1I.±fjHtIJ:tjc~~WJ1**tJI/I)mff~iJliii,tm

fcd(!i~. 3.3.3·1l¥J~:iE*Jf.I

3.3.3-1

jia±Hi*,J~0~ilJJ~*dI/L\mffi~IJ1ti..iltm fcd(MPa)
~~~J.l~~

.JlJ~~I1l~~
M20 C40 C35 C30 C25
C20

~*~11l
M7.5 5.24 4.90 4.54 4.14 3.70 3.21
M5

MI5 7.04 6.59 6.10 5.57 4.98 4.31

MIO 5.84 5.47 5.06 4.62 4.13 3.58

0 2.06 1.93 1.79 1.63 1.46 1.26

0

8.25 7.71 7.14 6.52 5.83 5.05

4.64 4.34 4.02 3.67 3.28 2.84

C15

:tjc:fii'J;~WJ1**tJI/I)mffi~iJltiiitm f cd(!i~. 3.3.3·2l¥J~~*Jf.I

*3.3.3-2
M20

~1i0~ilJJ~ft{J*dI/L\mffi~IJjti..iltm fcd(MPa)
~~~MI1l~~
MI5 7.19 6.56 5.87 5.08 4.64 4.15 3.59 MIO 5.96 5.44 4.87 4.22 3.85 3.44 2.98 M7.5 5.35 4.88 4.37 3.78 3.45 3.09 2.67
MS

Wl~~MI1l~~
MU120 MUl00 MU80 MU60 MUSO
MU40

0~~MI1l
0 2.10 1.92 1.72 1.49 1.36 1.21 1.05

8.42 7.68 6.87 5.95 5.43 4.86 4.21

4.73 4.32 3.86 3.35 3.05 2.73 2.37

MU30

it :l't-&~:fiiPJ1* 1fi-ll~*IfIti:fl~jJHIH;J.l'9IJ

~JIt :$*4:fiWl1*;I;J 1.5; -$$*4:fi.wJ1*;I;J 1.3; m*4:fi@1*;I;J 1.2;

0

TiPJ~:fi@1*RT*mf&*5IJl;I;J*tijtfJmffi~Jli9:ltflo

Jt:fi~~WJ1*!RII/L'mffi~iJltijti,tm fcde~. 3.3.3·3l¥J~J\!:iE*.m

~ 3.3.3-3

it1i0~ilJJ~~*dI/L\mffi~Jjti9:;.tm
~~~I1t~~

fcd(MPa) 0~~Jjf

Wl~5IJjf~~
MU120 MUl00
MU80

M20

MI5 1.68 1.54 1.37 1.19 1.09 0.97 0.84

MIO 1.39 1.27 1.14 0.99 0.90 0.81 0.70

M7.5 1.25 1.14 1.02 0.88 0.81 0.72 0.63

MS

0 0.33 0.30 0.27 0.23 0.21 0.19 0.16

1.97 1.80 1.61 1.39 1.27 1.14 0.98

1.11 1.01 0.90 0.78 0.71 0.64 0.55

MU60 MUSO MU40 MU30

it: TiPJJt:fiWlf;$:RT*m0~~Mlt;I;J *attfJ_,t'mffi~l1li~Htiio

-7-

-&~~~W1i*a9td1lt\m#L~IBfiiltm: ~I.IJt~i.tm Ivdb!Z~* 3.3.3-4 a9n\!:iE~Uflo

4

lUI-- if IUtm#L~lntiiltm:

Itmd~lltim~

3.3.3-4

~~WJ1*~/I)mtt"
i111*:f!II~

~~mtt~1itim .. ~ntmlt'ft(MPa)
~~~J.t~!&
M20 M15

~J.t~§}IJ

iIl~

~UE
-:!T.

MlO
0.073 0.068 0.086 0.102 0.059 0.073' 0.170

M7.5 0.063 0.059 0.074 0.089 0.051 0.063 0.147

MS

$III/l.,ttfiltd

m!!il~iWfRiII1*: .ti=liill1*:

0.104 0.096 0.122 0.145 0.084 0.104 0.241

0.090 0.083 0.105 0.125 0.073 0.090 0.208

0.052 0.048 0.061 0.072 0.042 0.052 0.120

~dIlttfi

-:!Ttl
iltl

m!!il~iIIfRiII1*: ft=liiW1*: 1&!IlIJillt.lHiW1*: 1&!ilIJ iWfR.1*: ft=liill1*:

1_

1Hltt~

r;
zse,

tl: : (1) -m1*~ WI'"'

(2)m!!i!~iIIfR.1*gm:fR=lim1*,m~=li.1*,*t,pjM=lim1*,t,pj~=liiW1*,iI.±Bi*,JfRiW1*0 (3) m!!i!~mfRm1*ifi!r.:njaJ5Y:Jgp1, ~jli!tmfR~~tI~~o

5 ~IM~~.~*~~a9~W1W1i*a9~.IJt,~~~~~nt~*mff~.o

.ot* 3.3.4-3 a9~j:iE*JfJ * IJ\~Tji.±WJ~:jiWJ1*~/C.~mffi~;li:

0

3.3.4

IJ\:ei".:rll.±W1tjc:ei" "J:t:tiW1f*~I.lJtiiltmb!Z7t§JU~* 3.3.4-1

3.3.4-1

,Q*

3.3.4-2

fcdl!ti.tii(MPa)

/j\=li TJi.±~iJ.t~!& =li*f~J.t~!&

C40

C35 12.69 11.59 10.36 9.98 8.19

C30 11.49 10.49 9.38 8.12 7.42 6.63

C25

C20

C15 7.59 6.93 6.19 5.36 4.90 4.38 3.79

MUl20 MU100
MU80 MU60

13.86 12.65 11.32 9.80 8.95

10.25 9.35 8.37 7.24 6.61 5.92

8.95 8.17 7.31 6.33 5.78 5.17 4.48

MUSO
MU40 MU30

-8-

:ti*f5!il1l~~
C30

IJ\:ti TffiU.±
C25

5iJ.t~~
C20 CIS

MU120 MUlOO
MU80

6.94 5.30 3.94 3.23 2.88 2.50

6.51 5.00 3.74 3.09 2.77

5.99 4.63 3.49 2.91 2.62 2.31 1.95

5.36 4.17 3.17 2.67 2.43 2.16 1.85

MU60 MU50 MU40

MU30

2.42

5iJ.t~'\Hm

iI1itl'~&

WlPfi:fIIi~
C40

IJ\:ti T7i3'i±
C35 0.267 0.398 0.313 0.461 0.217 0.267 0.398
C30

5iJ.t~~
C25 C20

CIS
0.175 0.260 0.205 0.300 0.142 0.175 0.260

$Jb,t'mtiL ftd

t&~

:tR::tiWlPfi: #:tiWlPfi: :tR::tiWlPfi:

0.285 0.425 0.335 0.493 0.232 0.285 0.425

0.247 0.368 0.290 0.427 0.201 0.247 0.368

0.226 0.336 0.265 0.387 0.183 0.226 0.336

0.202 0.301 0.237 0.349 0.164 0.202 0.301

~dtlmtiLf_

t&~

J:I":tiWlPfi: :tR::QWlPfi: :tR::ti:wJPfi: J:I":tiWlPfi:

lit! Atim~fvd
-

0.350

3.3. 5 3.3.5-1-

m:l:(fl 0.411!o
711~±5.1e1t:~~
5ij!tE~:it s,
C40 3.25xHY' C35 3.15 x lO" C30 3.00x HY' C25 2.80x C20 CI5 2.20x lif

t~~ ±])t ~~ 1iW B9~ BsJlji 'Ii mit" ~,W ME 1* 3.3.5-4 B9~JE*fflo t~~±~1iW1*B9jy1EmitGc

*~~~~*~, ~
io'
2.55xlif

fJil?} JJIJ Gm?}JjtlltRjt~EEJlji'li

**

-9-

®Ji*#~
M20
M15 1700/00 7300 22000

~#RsljLfl~~
M10 1700/00 7300 22000 2100/00 M7.5 1600/00 5650 17000

M5
1500/00
4()()()

tl%~±J:Pi1!ilJ~lilJJf* mt:j.E );JHi&JtE®Ji*

m*4E A~m~-J.E®Jf* IJ\ETtl%~±lilJJf*

1700/00 7300 22000

12000

10 9 8

;ttt-J.#~ ®J1*tfflilJJi*.!!jttl%~±mi9J **ttfflilJJi*mi9J mtff®J1*ffti9J lilJJi*tff~.!!jtY~Em-i9J lilJJf*tff*Jt±mi9J ®J1*tff;f6'I1±mzJJ

$1* jHj'iW 1£ 'f~

0.70 0.60 0.45 0.60 0.55 0.50

WJll~
0.60 0.50 0.35 0.50 0.40 0.30

3.3.6

D62-. 2004) t!7Eit. 0

tm @f± 1&~ m1ePT~ {0 ~iIXJ$

tm@f±lkJ.ffi.miJ

tm @f± m~~it~ m:~(JTG

-10-

*~~m:*m~~$;f1I!it1g£1iiliEt9m~&4*~t~jt1J~,*m*Jffi*~B9i9:it~:i3 A:nE1iit.o
4.0.1 4.0.2 :t5IfJf~~t1Jm~jf(~~~jJt&~l4*;:&~it ,Jt~JElE1lt~)iH&~l4*;:&B9~*o B:: flHg:l:5I~mii'!#iJ a9~,#' , 1tiE1it19!mflk~;jk~a9~>Jt, -W:'ff3G ~Pf B:J tgJ:\\Za9#iJ:li!mJllliJtE{lf!:iiE0

4.0.3

tsImjifi~~a9~~~~jJt&IIR~~,&nt*

4.0.3 t4A!;iEa9iiit~~~~i~HTi~

ito

i±:**JiJT9U~*,*,~m~~m«~B&m;mm:ltiMfflni!1in(JTG D60-20(4)t;!~IJEtl<.Jm~,iijfo],#t~$.n~~5t ~ifUE,X"1~ql~~~m~,~:J.~~~*~~"'ilo **~~:J.".~"ag*m;f~l!J\m, ~mitil~inll-ti~B& L,~m~B&L&~mm~~iM.tt~B&Ltl<.Jm~o

4.0.4

1}.tsImjifi~~~~~~jJt&IIR~~iiitff1
10S ~ R(fd,ad)

,&*ffl1'911*lii~:
(4.0.4)

~tfI

10-~~~~It1~J&,X;fmzT*
~U~jij 1.1,1.0,0.9;

4.0.3 ~>i!;iEIY-J-~,=~,=-~i!iit~~~~7t

s--11: jij 3'&& m%i.~Btfi , nt«1}•

~it.;
R (.

m jifi i!iit~ jij ~>i!mJ (JTG D6(t-2004)

IY-J ~>i!

)-~f*jf<~jJiiitfii?j§J&; h-*~*4~iJ.li9:itfi ; ad-JLfnJ~J&i.~itfi RJ*fflJLfnJ~J&~ltfi akJ RPi.~lt)(f*~>i!~fio 4.0.5 WJf*( §1%WJf* ~tEt~±gil.if )~&t1J{!f:,:(£*~~m:~ 4. O. 9 ~}EB9~&~JL'1fE ~mmm~B9jf(.hm~~~0~*.:
J

YONd < cpA/cd

-11-

(4.0.5)

A~

N d-$W

[ilJJiliBtm; f

x'f-=ftllif.OOrti:slftJt tt~jl, f!P A = Ao + 1JIAI + 1J2A2 + "', Ao 7g;fJjf1IU~.OOOOfR,AI' A2, ... 7gJt1iftl~·.OOOOfJC 1JI = fcldl fdJd' 1J2 = /c2dl I.dJd,... -I.dJd1gfiFfftm$W{,'mffi5£~i1ititm '/cld' /c2d'" ·1gJtfill~ Et9$W JL'mlli5£~19:itm ; fcd-1iPJ1*~tltil€±~IH:.,mffs!lJtt'>Htm,JJlZttl:*~lmm 3.3.2 3.3.3 ~lJt.. m 3.3. 4 ~Et9~lJE*ffl ;x'f!llif.OO JJlZ*mtffiflB~iL,mff51iJ.ti&Htm; cp-#J{4$W[ilJfJEt9ii8iL'i€ e ~*mttp xt~ffi#J{4*tltiJ~~n~¥rx:,**~ m:m 4.0.6~fIlm 4.0.7 ~itjlo
A-;f1JiLf:.OOOOfJC

~,m

4.0.6

1iPJ1*~JL'~ff;f1JiLf:fl(tltiJ~aiPJ*~ cp,rtrfJ00:a:it.:
cp
1_ (
,

cpx

+--1

1 1

(4.0.6-1)

CPy

ex)
X

1
2•

cpx=

1+

()

:;

1 + a{3x(Px - 3)[1 +
1

1.33 :; ]
e f ) 2]

)2

(4.0.6-2)

CPy = A~

1-(7)m (e ) 1+ f

2•

[(

1 + a{3y({3y - 3) 1 + 1.33

(4.0.6-3)

CPx,cPy-?tJJtl1g x jJrPJfIly jJrPJimiL'~ff;f1JiLf:*tltfJ~olfiJ*~; x ,y-?tJJlj1g x jJ rPJ, y jJ rPJtOO:lA.' ~ ~iL' jJ [ilJ i Et9t&mJ2I~Et9JU!~, _lR.m 4.0.6; ex, ey-~rPJfJt£ x jJ[ilJ ,y jJrPJ l¥JiHffliL'JU!, YI ex = Mydl N«. ey = Mxdl N; ,Jtm/FJJlZ J1i:tt*~Jt1lt~ 4.0. s s. 00 4.0.9 FJf I ~:tE x jJrPJ .r jJrPJEt9~JtJEm,Jt~ x ~ Myd,Mxd?tJJtl7g~ x ~ ,y ~Et9~~ 19:itm, Nd 19$WrBlfJi&itm,~oo Nd 4.0.6; 00 % ~ * ~, x'f T ~ % t& 00 JOC 2.5; X'fT T %EJ: u %.OOJOC3.5; x'f ex y~x T~ % lit 00 EJ:~ % t&00 ( '§J! w;j ~ 19:1fEIB~%EJ:IEM\%Et9~%*:5tt& b OO)I{I( 8.0; ix,iy-~atJfOOI*JEt9.00@1~-*12, i; =
I
I

m-.

---t-- ~1
I
I

..;:

I
I

;>.,

12 -

VlxIA~iy=

VI/A;Ix~Iy:5tjJU1g~m~ ,A ~Ix~ Iy

mnmf_g;x;fT~£lit~mr
+ sb2A2 + ... , Ix

~1¥J'I'JJttE9;E,A19~ J2Zrt(~lj!'Ii~1t tl:~., ep A = Ao + sblAl

x ~*,~y

sblftx + sb2I2x + "', Iy = lOy + sbIly + sb2I2y + "', Ao 19fjf-m~~mmf_g, Al ~A2 ~.. ·1gJ:tf1!!.~~mmf_g, lOx, Ioy1g~ x ~*,~y ~l¥Jti-Fi1Em'tm'Ii9;E,t.../zx,'" lly, lzy, ... 1g~ x ~fIl~ y ~ l¥JJ:tf1!!.~ 'l:D!'lim; sbl = Ell Eo, sb2= E21 Eo, "', Eo :7g:f$itm~lj!'I1:~It, E1, E2, ... 1g Jtf1!!.ml¥J~"I1:~lto X;fT9;E%~mr, iy = bll12, i, = hi 112, b ~ h Jli!.OO
lOx +

*'

4.0.6;

~{4B1, a :7g0.002; ~1tJ;Jj(~!i1i:7g 0 B1, a :7g0.013; f3x~f3y--fjgf4:tE x /JrPJ ~ y 1J rPJ I¥J*£IHtl:, ~*~_mm~ 4. O. 7 ~1¥J~_mJEit., f3x .e, /J\T 3 MIlk 30
4.0.7

a--~~~~~~~~~I¥J*~,~~~~~~~*T~~Tlli~1gmit

it.@J1*{$6IL'~fffjg{4*~JtfJl¥J~P[Pj*~
f3x = 3 • 5'Ly
~

cp

at ,fjg{4*£lHtl:

f3x~f3y

rt(TjU0ft:
(4.0.7-1) (4.0.7-2)

it.:

:a: 9=t
i«,

y J3--~

1PJ@Ji*ifJt-l-fjgf41¥J*£iH bl:fli 4.0.7-1 I¥JAA'.JE71~:Jt.J ; lo--t1gf4it. *~ ,~~ 4.0.7-2 I¥J~_mJEIlkm; mI¥J~~ ft rPJ it. *~ Jli!.* ~_m m
~ 5.1.4~;

iE*~,~~

iy--~IltJ¥-mrl*Jl¥J~W@]~*12, x;fT~~Wfjgf4, _w.*~_mm~ JE; x;fT1t~Wfjgf4, PJ*~f-t~WI¥J @]~*120

4. O. 6

~I¥JAA'.

4.0.7-1

iHlIltt1~.iE~~ 1J1
1.0 1.1 1.3

~141~JtlWtLim~*'tfl£ w;JtLim~~ - tLim JE ,- tLim :;ff$;/J ff9~ 1m 19 lWtLim±1]1g/f§;/Jff9~ -tLim~JE,-tLimB 13 El:J

it_-l5:1t to
0.5t 0.7l 1.0l 2.0t

1rfF

tlVit±1JifflJL'~ffifAJ{4,:t£*~m~ 4. O. 9 ~JI!.JE~~ffiMJL'lEErSIHimOOI*J,~~ ~ffjf(~jJ it. at ,11~UE~ff [Ra<J !rPJ .5Ii 00~ :1gm~ , ;tt J.5Ii JBO~. ± tiL ff5m 1itiit 1 J jJ jJ m , Itt at ,Jtk4lB jJ 11= Jft~~~ff [R1!rPJ.5IijJ a<Jf jJ 11= Jit~flnl! if a<J ow (00 4. 0 . 8) 1lfO 1£ rPJ J i m ~ff[R1tifH Aco ~ffjf(~jJJ.5Ii~r~tl0Ait.:
4.0.8

(4.0.8-0

i(!rPJ1JIi8JL'~ff 5tff[R~& he J.5Ii*r~U~{41lf01£[ 00 4.0.

1

Sa) ] : (4.0.8-2)

m~l\rjlij~~ffjf(~jJ A9='
N d-4lB

PJ~r~U0:~\:it.
YONd ~

: CP!edb( h

- 2e)
4.0.8 *ffl; 3.3. 2 ~~JI!.JE*ffl;

(4.0.8-3)

; cp-~ftb+jjfl*J~JL'~ffifAJ{41l'gffiU~~

rftJ jJ tiitm

fcd-?~mt±$ff!JL'tiLffi5.1i1itiitm,
A e-1~{jE±5tff
e c-'Xff

,~~ ~*~JI!.m~

[R1tifJ~; [Rt~{jE± ~ rPJ.5IijJ it jJ 11= m,~~~ 1m:m a<JEE7*I J JL' l ; ; ttat, rbjJ.5litti:$ff!JL,5tfffAJ{4~.;ttjf(

e-~rPJjJ~1JifflJL'lEE;

b-m~~1m1t!:&
h-m~~W~1io

~fAJ{4~ffB+1mj~*gm tt*r~ffB+1mI*J*gm
~jJo
lolb loli cp <4 < 14 1.00 4 14 0.98 6 21 0.96 8 28 0.91 10 35 0.86 4.0.7-2 Bt, b 12 42 0.82 14 49 0.77 16 56 0.72

18 63 0.68

20 70 0.63

22 76 0.59

24 83 0.55

26 90 0.51

28

30 104 0.44

rn
0.47

B:: (1)10 :7..rtt:lf*N,tt,;*mm:* (2)1:EH:lf lolb £!It loli

2

S9mJ:E*mo

£!It i S9.llRm:xtT1j!rtJi~jH,'~fff1J{tj:,*~Hl!:lf1fifI*J~1fif~It£!lt@]~*12;XtT~
*~1fifmJtLR >t£!lt~OOili;J\ @l~*12
0

-L,'~£k:f±J1tj: .mrtJiIiU'L'~ff:f±J1tj:, &

X~rPJ1JifflJL'~ff ~fffR~&fU1t!:& ,J.5Ii~r~tl~{Lf:1ifijJE[00 4.0.

8b)

J:
(4.0.8-4) (4.0.8-5)

m~~1ma<J{iJL'~ffjf(~jJPJtti:r~U0Ait.
YoN
d~

:
( 4 .0. 8-6) .. 4.0.8;
y
X

cpfed [ (h - 2 e y) (b - 2 ex) ]

A9=t cp-$ff!JL'~ffifAJ{4~ffB*~,JR.*~JI!.m~
eev-~fffR?~{jE±1!rPJJ.5IijJifjJ11=jfL~:t£
e ex-'Xff

fR?~{jE± r!rPJ.5IijJ it jJ 11= m,~it J

14 -

4lBjJrPJ~~1m:m:JL'1EE~; 4lBjJ rftJ ~ ~ 1m:m: 1EE7*I JL' ;

e y-~ e x-!fiE

rPJiJ y ~jJ rPJlWiwH.-jg rPJjJ x

;
0

!fiEjJ IW~ rtJ

;L' jg

a)

b)

tf:VJE± fi;)1tf{\liJ IL'~ffi a)$r'a{\liJ'L'~ffi; b) ~r'a{\liJ'L'~ffi l-~ffiI2Li>L'(;;tr'affij_;\IjJit jJftJtt~) ;2-~OOm>L'~; e-$r'a {\liJ'L.'~ffi{.IiUJL'JlE; ec-$r'a{\liJJL'~ffi;;t IoJ jJit jJftJtt~ m JlEm:JL'~lle~; ex, ey-~IoJ{.IiUJL'~ffitE ffr'a ,y ffloJ iY-J{.IiUJL'Jle; x ecx, ecy-~r'a{\liJJL'~ffi;;tloJllijJit jJfttlt~ ,;fr z , y Jrr'a iY-J{\liJJL'Jle; Ac-~.ffi.l3:ooffl;he' bc-m*lloo~ffil3:~Jf ,~Jf
I!I 4. 0.8

@J1*f01~~±IWi(irPJ fOx~rPJM;L''XffifjJ{4, >,r, Jt5¥:ff{iJL,jg e I¥J ~LHilJJlIf.fil* 4.0. 9 1¥J~Jl!.JE

4.0.9

~~il*~Jl!.m~
y

4. 0.10 ~1W~Jl!.JE

",,0.6s ",,0.7s

tt: (l)nVJE±~fi;)$IoJ{.IiUJL'iY-J~tlL -:i1l~~r'a{.IiUJL'iY-J*~tlL-:i1l,

~i9::ff;;Y;;/J\Tll00001R 0.05% ~W-r'amMiat, ~1*J~JEJEiRur

:tfI11O O.lso

(2)~*

~(m 4.0.9)0
~~

m:?hlloo~~.ll00m:JL,~_¥{\liJJL'ffr'all00:i1l~iY-JJlE m 4.0.9 ~ffifi;)1tf{.IiUJL'JlE

4.0.10

rPJiJ IW~;L'RE

e ~lLl.:t*~Jl!.m*

4. O. 9 Nd-~r'ajJ;

e-{\liJJL'JlE;s-ll00m:-L,_¥{\liJJL'Jr

1iJL'JiH~~IHilat , ;jtJ{4jf($jGiJ JJII~r~1j0A-tt~:

r'all00:i1l~iY-JJlE~
(4.0.10-0

(4.0.10-2)

Aq:t

N d-~

rPJiJi9:-ttm;

A-;jtJ{4l1tmfmff};,X;Jr~llillltmfJJlI~~!jif£~.t~~~1-J~.lItOOmffJ{; w-i(i rtJ {iJL' at , fig {4~D'OiI~ I¥J ~!jiJti1k\:t1Lm , x;Jr ~ll illlt ~. Jg~.lItmf~"l1tfUJLm;
15 -

00 m~~!ji Jtim it t~

Wx-~rPJ{ijj'L'6t ,;f1Jilfx jJrPJ~110iI~~ y ~ I¥.J.OO~!jitEfI£m~;ftl;f1Jilfy jJ rPJ ~~~~~x~~.1tiWttfl£m~,~~m~.1ti~~Wtt •• ~~.~ ~ •• 1ti~!ji'l1f1£m~; ftmd-f1gilf~~~$:~~lttJm~51illi~jt1i~[' ~*~m:* 3.3.2,* 3.3.3-4 ;ftl* 3.3.4-3 e-iji rPJ ijj'L'6t ,~ rPJJ {ijj'L' §: { j R; ex,ey-~rPJ{ijj'L'6t ,~rPJj]:tE x ::IJrPJ;ftly ::IJrPJlf9{ijjJL'R§:; cp-@J1*{ijjJL,~&f1g{lfjft~j]~n[Uj*~~t~~±~'L,~&;f1Jilf~IttJ*~,*£tl JM.*J;Jtmm 4.0.6 ~;ftl4.0.8 ~o ~s!ji'I1 •• t~~ •• 1ti1tim,5!ji'l1mm~(WG'tBt'I1~), -ar~~*J;~m:m 4.0. 6 ~1f9 J;~5Eo
Wy,

*JtJ ;

4.0.11

1~~±.OOmr$~&Et9~~jJj_i\Irtfr~~0Ait.:
YoNd:::::; 0.9j3AJ'cd j3 =~

(4.0.11-1) (4.0.11-2)

A9='

N d-fiU$jft&OOfJtt.

Et9~rPJ]~itM; j

j3-fiU$jftffis1illt{iWi Al-fiU$jftffiWfJ~ ; A b-fiU $ 7ft&it.ffl:i oom ,fLHJiSffl:i OOfJtlt'L' f::§ fiU$~& 00 fJtl>L';f§ £ir I¥.J ,@:91tl 4.0. 11iiJij5E ,~oo ; f cd-1~M±~JL'mffi5sUli9:itM, ~*J;~m:* 3.3.2

*~;

*m
a
....
1

b A ,------,

b
I

bl

_I

b
<..l

A:~ :~ :
~
I I I
I
I

;,.

L\___ ,~
:~~
I 1_

;,.

I I I

l \

--_ / fIIij"'\
;" ;"

:Ab

:4l

\_-- XAb " .....

I I

c~b

c<b

c~b

c<b

16 -

4.0.12

~#J#J14iEllW~1§Bt,Jj\Z13fF3itl0Ait.:
YOMd ~ Wftmd (4.0.12)

j.\;J:?

Md-1§~tiit1ll; w-llW~w:JiI~I19~!ji'I1£~mm, ~fTgll1tllOO mz*~!)l'I1£~t tt~. j;~.ll 00~ w:JiI~ 5!)l'!1:ilUJLm ; ftmd-;ftj{4~mJiI~I191§ ElbVtms£lltiitm, 3.3.1, 3.3.2, 3.3.
3-4

fO* 3.3.4-3 *mo

Yo

**~Jtm:* *

4.0.13

@Jf*ftJ{4~1m~±ftJ{41H~5¥:JYBt ,mz*-r3itl0Ait.:

Vd~ Afvd +

1. 4PfNk

(4.0.13)

j.\;J:?

Vd-~fJtiitm;
A-5¥:~lItWfWf~ *ffl;
Pf-.~*~,*ffl Pf=0.7;

;
3.3.2,*- 3.3.3-4

fvd-@J1*~tm~±Vt~s£lltiitm,**:J;Jtm*

fO* 3.3.4-3

Nk-1=j~~lItOO~1iI19EEfJfT>flmo

17 -

m __tJt1}[j;~ ( ;f)i) A~~ Et9Jtm Et9itff:,/FJj\Z~J,!ttjtt~1}[ ~ ±nt 111 B9lf*iff1=: t ffl;ntL~1}[j;mA~~Et9mmEt9rrff:,~~mntL~1}[~£*1IIEt9~if~mo~*ffl0 ~I #}L I*-II ~$ifilfpf~itJH~B9iE1?fmBt, .0 . § fjtIY!~*lYf 114~i400Jj\Z*~ 0.7 1JT~*~;f~ll*IJi4IHHt~~ 0.91JT~*~d~lYf 114~mll*lJ~i4oo ,Jt1JT~*~*lI~1fl3A
5. 1.1

rt~JEo
mt1fiiit J!i fft:i2i;*tAA~ ,~*tE ~ ffl gllif B9 'If l5l.'F ,tAA jJ B9 JL'llE~/J\ 0 ~jJ rIlJ {Ajij Xt*lYf1~mm: , :$tn~@~ 00 l¥J~ffJ1tjJ ffijJ ~ !::jm~~~~:11* ,~tE~ffJ1tjJ lkJtFffiJ I ®B9~~'l1:ff~;fOrlilIir~" t~~±t&~~~fflgllif rl¥J~rtJ{AjijJL'llE~*Bt ,JJ!UJj\Z~m~iJJ ~,_§_Jj\Z~m*tAA~{Ajij~~~mjJffjJ~IJI®B9froij~~9£o
5.1.2

*mJ.ilI~mm~l¥J~rPl/F:M]?=j*;fjJ ,{8~JltAmm:;fO*Lfr!$t1-J*A~~I¥J~ .Amm~mk~1}[*m_A._§_ffl •• mrtJ~./FmMm.~*B9mm,~~.ffl. :It]?:j3t~Tnt.~~o

5.1.3

*m:J!i~:'1}~~I¥J~OO5!i1Ii;fO*I¥J~1*"5!i1JJt-~JE"~:'0 1 ntB9.TIiBjIiHFi. m.Jj\Zft;:;*~1.m:~ 4.0.5 ~3I~4.0.1O~~ •• 1if5jIio 1)1im1*~OOI¥J5!i1JJt~:.m~*~Je.m~ 4.0.5 ~~~ 4.0. 7 ~;fO~ 4.0.9 ~~~ 4.0. 1~1¥J~1.JEitff: ,itff: Bt~/f- itiE:~ tl: fix, fiy xt~ffiffJ14 ~.jJ I¥J~ P!p] , lIP m ~ * ~1. m:0A(4.0.6-2)fQ(4.0.6-3)1*J f3x,f3y /J\T 3 JlKj; 30 2)tm~±.OOEt95jJ.t~ff:~**~1.m:~ 4. O.8 ~~~ 4. 0.10 ~Et9m.JEitff:, itff: BtmJflt1m~±~JL'~ffiffJ141?faa*~ cp 'jg 1.00 2 *1¥J~1*"51i1t-~JE"~ff: 4.0.5 ~3I~ 4.0. 9 ~itHTntB9~1*"51i1Ii-~JE"HFiff:o **~1. m:0:tt(4.0. 7-l)fQ(4.0. 7-2Htff:@1*~14iE:~ tt f3x,f3y ;fO**m.m:~ 4.0.8 ~JlKtm~± ~-L.'~ffif1J141?faa*~ cp {fiBt,mlll~rPl(~aa1JZOOI*J)itff:iE:J.t lo,':::::$Xmj; O.58La,X)[ fj:mjg O.54La,JG~*1-J O. 36La, La 1-Jm~~iE:Ii ;mlllf1itrtJ (1?faa-f-oojl-)it:'iE:Ii 10 - 18 5 .1.4

m.Jj\Z**~1.m~

9-;:~ltfll

1/3 La 1.167 r

114 0.962 r

1/5
0.797 r

116 0.577 r

117
0.495 r

118 0.452 r

1/9 0.425 r

1/10 0.406 r

itJJ:-Ki3t

li: r JJIMI (I!j~~1£, ~JJJt{iMa~at, PJm:iPJ.!t!flfl

r:::: ; (

1~~) ,Jt9=' +

~ JJ9-;:~lto

~ag~jtJj]iiit1irPJfJ{FJtl-0Ait.

:
N -~
d-

coslf'm

(5.1.4)

~~ Nd-#HI9~ jtJiJiiitlli; H d-maglj( ~tlj]iiitlli; If'm-#tJJi ~#tHiPI¥JJi~~~121¥J*ftj 4WjtJj]{,IfflJL.'IEEJjrlOC~lj(~tlfJit.atlPJ-ldf~:;(ffJtag*~

0

1/4 6lt~~iiitm

Md ~

Ndo

l)@J1*t!rPJ~*~JI!.m~ 4. O. 5 ~~~ 4. O. 7 ~tJl!.5Eit:'o :~m~.g.*~m~ 5.1.1 ~ t1.JE,~mm __ tJt~ ~mm1ag*.g.fFmat, w-jtJifgru tfj {3y Xff2g{Lt*~jJl¥J~~(ri]*~ If'yIlf ~~ttt,ep4i- f3y IJ\-T 3 3 2)~lt~±~nrf£(*~j.1I1~ 4.0.8 ~~j.j:£it.o :tm~it*~j.1I1~ 5.1.11fd5mj:£,~m ~_t~1j[ ~*fllag*itf'Fmat, W-jtJ~JEI:tJ~T~m, ~Pl:tJlOCw-jtJ!fmJL.'~ffif2g1Lt~atI *~

*~

cp=1.0o

3)~t&~*lf~tOO:N~-T!!X:*-T 1120it.~12at, 1itJJ1*~nr~~ mfl jtJ tfj f3x xf ~14i:.t&j]ag~n~, ep~ f3x IJ\-T 3 lOC1g;~~.±mllf~~mfljtJ~j:£, 3 epmlOCfljtJ~JL.' ~ffif2g{Lt~atI*?J&If'= 1.0
0

*~

tilf!IIm-~!JFl.at ,#J14 gnt~{m:5tJ_m*~lOC~ 1.2,tilf!II5#1Jnldf~5&m:51-J_m*~ !OCJ.J 1.4 t1i: :ijK j] t& ~~ t'\ 1rfi ii it at , f'Fffl :51- ~ t1i: { -0 1M};fJf 1m ii it:ii ffl ~j.111~ t&~~ J§t* (JTG D60-2004) agtJl!.5ElOCffl
5.1.5
0 ~ 0

it.JXlj]!!x:~ JL.' iJ I®agmJW~1MagfF ffl 5&mat ,m* ~ r 1F1j:£it. : fJ 1 mfll~fFp;J;jYWI!lI5Eaglj(H~, Jtlf£f1£~r*l¥Jit.~12, ~ ~~~:I!g*~JXljJ!!X: 'UJ,jJ ,it~~Yim~~ Mio 2 *fII~fFrY:ffijl!llj:£ag!!£jtJ~W~ ,Jtlf£f12~-rmB"Jit.~~, ~W~~:I!g:ijK~1I2 mll4frmJXlfJ ,1±~ag § EEYW*~ 112m~ag~JL.,j], it.~5Eyw~m M20 3 jj!J"Jit.~m M 19l:J£p;J;jJ_m~mtE¥HrfiE~~1Mpg#tJjtp~1M__tI¥Jf9:~L
5.1.6 ~: M = Micoslf' + M2sincp 19 -

(5.1.6)

~~x~mmmzfJot#Ht~o at ,PJ~~Jfmmit~o
5.1. 7 5.1. 8

~mj£UJLttlXJtlJ3t!:oj £mm:ttJXJtlJ3tZI::Ij*r 37

it~mllllWflffi.J3t1t1tlnt~{jt±1&~~prl1Jat,'Fm~mzm*~ r~tl *~: f flffi.N fFm~ill :0.7 ; tm~±®jmfFm~ill :0.450 ~%jtoomIWNjtill~m: 1 ~it7j(VI(~r;!f;*yt&m~)at ,~1¥-4mx1mIllJiIJllt&lWiimjJ 2 ~][pgjt~m&fFm~illo ~xPJ#~t-tat ,*ii][pgjtH!!&PJ~~1l£r 5CCit~0
0

5.1.9

it~mDJEmmB3if§~~~IJI®IW~:MJ?:jm~~m~7j(f11lt$IJI®lWfFm~ illat ,jtit~fFm~illPJ*~ 0.5 IWtJT~*~o

5.1.10

mmill~<0~mtJiJ~itiimtJUi~J(JTG D60 - 2004)t~JEIWf'FmmAA~ill~iI. 1t ,:fr-1'-m~~~pglWiEfftt~Nl¥Jgfgx1mZfQlW~*m~ill*rit~Jf121W 1110000

5 .1.11

mml¥J9CJfl::ljlr*m1l4-1I8;~%flimlW9C~l::ljlr*m ~MiiI~1f!WJJm~MiiII¥J~f!~ml¥Jm!ftB*~ m ~lr::kT" 3.50

5.2.1 5.2.2

115-1/80

*mxx

~mtAmmlWmtm,~J.Ii~itl¥J-=ILmzf~nX;.:::.~m;*~12mmfLHJ&~1£*J3t ®~~fiN1t~.R,lr~#fim~l¥J.m.~~~md=~mo:frJllm~kOOI¥J.C, A qiift j~ff~:lt9 illi'i.1$~~~1t%gi 0 ~r.AlnfliAm~.m,PJ*m~.mWo~Jll~IW.dfli~x~rm~~~c Uf$Bt ,ill~jtmi9Jx~drrti9Jx~o ~*m~.Am~M~at,~~~tt~m.I¥J~NfQ~J3to $=ILmmillfLH1i51tm~>Jt&nID:I~flf~Ii(!rtuttjJ~d*mtJtfil!.m:i(!rtumjJ m.oi(!~ttjJ~lr~g.:::.R~E~~jt-1'-o
5.2.3

:fr*X±~~k~lrf~@tjtA;M~, ~1Z\~*mmAM~at ,li*m=fJCmo it at illtl:~r~tl$JJi : 1 1rzmffiM~it1t1iLln~~IW~r$~~ ,~12lr/J\,9C~l::ljlr*o - 20 5.2.4

i'i

3 5.2.5

:bn5jfj!;HtPf&Wll"Jfiij$~ffifiltn 0 lr*m:7G5(~:@G1f.MJm~fjf[I 0

F~:lt!!JR1~Jtfj!;;f1fma:~rjtl.J_9!: 1 *1IInm:ImF~f£ifJlJit:tem~o 2 ±1JtllJagmHtPJJ!m'&1jUY!~rnfm~~min~ ,1JtJJ!l1JJ!mminmI1$A1JtJ*0 3 :bo5£1JtJJ!l1~magfili$*ffig~f1 ;X;f*~1£mm,lr*m~~mmllJo

~

fj!;;f1f fU!fJIJ i4 WG ~ ~~ f1g m i f1g fU!ifJlJ 14~1lJV(; i~tHiEJt:~llit~ m I¥.Jtit rPJ ~ ~ rPJ a;f,m f ~i*'1i ,#llitl::mrYU$J_9!: 1 tEf1g~_tlli*JOCmfjf[, 151!fU!ilJlJ 3:mifJlJ ~~~ ~fU!*,Jf1g14zrEi]~if ~M 2 mJllJ ~m;fJi&\@f~1f~it , IlJftmJllJJ]!$NItIUti" m~~-&tt!f 3 x;ffU!*,J~llif V(;~1¥.J~1l1tf1g14litfU!1IJ!Jf1J14 J ~JJIl~f1J{4fEijagJ!t~, &'@f¥ffU!1IJ!Jf1g{41¥.J mtn1$t±Hi~±>'~, Q,(1J!!llifat ~x;fJ.&minJ!t~;mift~~~Hi~±m*JOCmfjf[Q,(:b05£!Jl if~ 1Lt(fJ~i*f:Eo 4 ?t~ffi~f1J{4I¥.Jt~~, mzf1g:irffaJ4i, it$U'fl ,~gc~M, flli~~mlll §:mfFfflr ~ I¥J}~j=$ ffif1 5 £Jlif~W*$?tfj{Jti~±5!~~~lr ti~*mi9~±l1}tat, i9~5£1t~~ /Flr~T MlO; t~~~O*m/J':fi -Tti~±±l1}tat ,IJ':fi -Tti~±5£~~~~mz 1~TfJ1J!t~ ~f4a<J5£~~~o
5.2. 6
0

-~a

-70%0

mm E8~~\lll~litJJ!~mJVt ,Jt: 9=' 1ll;fJi~JJ!11iIlJ E8fU!$1J 14~~~m~±FzgJl1tf1g f1g ~o ~:f&JJ1t \fU!1IJ!Jlll:f&JJ~'&fU!1IJ!JUil&JJll:it8~M/J\T 100mm llll&fj{JJm~ti~±JJ Jl(ffI~~l&~I8]*JfE)'&JJ!l&fj{JJJIl~ti~±JJ~~M/J\T 100mmo fU!1IJ!JJt1~7~~lr~~:bo
a

)fa

~f:[Jf3m(fJm~J*Jlr&1Wi 2.5 - 5.0m ~~-lli.IlMl&,.IWil&JJ1tPJ~ 100 - 150mm, iEmHLilffrnf Q,(,&?t~ r9H~ti~ j)ffi'!:it8 ~~ftit 1Wil& 3/8 M ,:t£ ~m Ui~ ag ftit fSRj ;f}iJj)zlOC~*JJ1t,#~~:boWa ~lnf3l&mB<Jm_t}lm*fflttA;ilM ,JLttrm]jizN~rtJJm *a<Jm~,Jt~~~1VJ\TJLttfEi]{$JfEI¥.J 1150 ~f:[Jf3m*mJ:Ui1M~JVtmat, 1*£t(~~ti~±~*5LtJ]!~ifrnf~r, ~ rAJlli~~&'~f8ji tlifUua .~mMtE~l&_t~~~~,*.~m;f1fMtE.;fJim$~Jm~~o~~%mllJ~.

m~*~

mJJc1tiiM ,tEi&Ht7}({.ilL1{r ,m~pgmzN:llLt-If7j(=fLa

5.2.8

WJ~mmPJ*m~NJJ:\;:@G~JltJJ:\:~~
21 -

,mN1PJ*m~IL'~%:@G~%~rnf

ii~~

1m~mJlbfEijIWRE~ ,/Flr/J\r~f~1W 11150 m~~~~£.IW.*.,.*.~*mm%~I%.W,~ •• ~.fiW~/F~~ r l00mm, ~~/F1vJ\r 800mm ~.!=3m~ IPJ~ 0 .*.~;(£Jl!lm:lLttr 1'5(1t7r,;(£mJIiP mJII~m1Y!~(3l18 - lI2, l ~mlW~f~)~T:bnWo ~mJlb~*fUB.wat ,~I*J.lWifi~ Sj.*~xt~1'5(l!:o .*~lZYmmf5(lI1£~/J\r 16mm 1W~:i~HIXJ1fjjo

mtJf~1'5(ItnID:IfJ!m~o fJ!m~mf&~nID:I~14 ,*3=:mmlIW5!Jl'11: Sj~~5!Jl'l1:r ~JL,m~1W5!Jl'11: Sj~~5!Jl'l1:rm)lt~1iI~,m~1t1t~1lt~±t&~lU1*1t~f§~rc~lWtJe ~~~&~1'5(lto~m~IW~.lU1'5(It,~#Bm~BIW~~.~o

5 .3.1

1(~~1rWm±mml ~m_t~m:at ,16\®f;(£~. ~ ~r~xt~:hlJ~nID:I, ~fLmm m~mJ!m~ufillo l£~I:i:iWq:t~atB:Xlxw.~~ ,~1ItIJmJlb~mllJlW1tmo 1 ~*mJGj[~M!!I~lf!.AAJm~nID:Iat ,~mW1(~1rWm:Wrf ,:e:/F*,J~jJ'~l5l~ mJIiPl¥Jj[*5R-14,xt**m~t!~J1!fi.W5!~lUml¥Jmf*"5!~-~~"1J£L.;±mlll~m _t~f2Jf2J14;(£7t~~tW,M~,itjtnW9=t~J1!1-r16\~1W5!ItlU~~MiL.,MiL •• W~f& ~~~'IfR.~;mJlbr~:!k1iIlt~il.,~1~:!k5li~/Fm1~r1J!J!1~f2J{41W5.!llIto 7t~M ~at ~1'5(It~JXt* 2 ~*mm~m~nID:IBt ,~mmm~l¥J~~%~~j[*~14J1!fi5£~lU~~'I1:MiL
5.3. 2
a

.0

~*mm'¥:m~nID:IBt ,m~_tm1'5(l!:~,.1f~*~1fo xt~mJ~lWm~~;(£* JXtjf!?IR, ~1J05!m~l¥J~~mM!!0 4 ~*m7tYf(m )1rWm:Bt ,m~jJ(~lWfpj~PJ*7tYff{(mf{)~lPJmJ~o

3

*m~*®Mf2J14at ,m~iiEm~,~ij!*lUWiWElWmf*'l1:lU~~'l1:o I frI , ~J1!1-rJli~iJt M,iJtMIt!t/F~/J\ -T-:e:*Mlt l¥J1.21if

5.3.3
a

l£lE~nID:

tIXJ$$Uf1=, F~.flJfl»1JnItIXJ$ 0 4ij1'- ~$n=pij JJt~iiii.t.,1:E*~f*~!I!#FXUj[f1=Jfll', ~$~:tJ~~*T 50MPao ~ -1'-~f*ii~1l9

5.3.4

Bl$U~f*1¥J~$~~Hf.I

R235

1'-ffl$",.*&~~=1'-ffl$~"a.~ffloffl$~A.~±~~.~~~T~fflffl
$tIXJ~]H£,iNij$~.PX 1800~t1;J ,.I3.~~f*l*JtIXJ$~fi~mtLo f~tIXJ$]H£, .I3.~~/J\T 6Ommo ~$I*J][f£~~/J\T
3

22 -

6~

fE:fl5j~!Hnt{JjcJ~-Et1EW(;IH"E!~1¥J1ilJtiE q:t1¥J!tt€i, Jt~OOlrzJfBjJjt~~/G/J\ -T MU60I¥J-E*JW(; titjf±fJHIJIJ:tk:flOO .OO@f*I¥J1t99RSjJjt~~/Gm1f£~ M20 C40 ~~!l~ Ji -V-±5]MJ3t1f£~~~~ - 1O"C ~ffi!IR, tt€i*00J§Lm}tB£J3t~~/F1f£~ MU50~-Et-l-~ C30titjf±o A:fl~~.~ffl.q:tl¥Jm!tt,mfEXD~OO~~.~.o.~.m.ili ••• 11L l.Om,#m1f£~.1f£tnt~7j(11Lat~~m:;oor 0.5mo .~~a<J1~~~Jjtlrj; 3: 1 - 10: 1 ('!£ : tit) ~,*~jfJ! 00J§L 1Mcmt~~~~ IE~~ tit tjf ± ~ fEjfJ! 00J.}iI:f:I ifi iim ~1Hmo .~~ ~;fJfJttJ.}iI;ft)mt-1*,§£m:;~fl(€i ~~.~t1E{;j(7j(11L~_t l.Om ~, titjf ±~€i Min~i_i7j(-V-nTh:I.~Ji, /Gm in~at ,Jt11<*oomm~mW(;m1In:1Jns~lo ~
6.1.1
0 0
0

'*

'*~ '**

~*

tE~~:!ff;O~~jfg£_t1~Jl1if J\.~~a:lf~HI"J;fJfit, €i:!1t~J!±mzrB]1r~~?t7f tE~~~-E~a<JJt!!£_t,mE1lr4ij:1Wj 10-15m i3t~-J1!m~~i:o tJ\1~titjf±m€i€i~ 1k.~ iilli, mfLUm ~Jt!!~ 1'*~d41k.nTh:I.~14, 4ij:1Wj- 10m~~-J1! 1$~~i:o 5 m €ii11i3t1t€i 1J'f-I~7j( i&:nTh:
6.1.2
0

6.1.3

ffi~ilt€i r8]:t5j?Jm~ft(/G§fflnTh:I9=t a<Jm~ )/GM~mOO~mt*~

2%oa<JrJA

Jao
@DJ£~;ft);fJf~ilt€ir8]a<J:t5j?JtfL~ft~Mm~*~J\n'[~6.1. 7i ,@.~ftJ a<J s:l:JJ~ *
6.1.4
0

3~~*>'r,

flUm

~1*!tt€i£litlJl¥JftmJr;J (fXJtl'!1:Jr;J),x1~ Jt -E ~:tk:-EfIlt-l--E@f*,~m5jJjt~~j; M5l¥Jlt9~@J~at ,/FM*~ 30 ~m M5lV,_ta<J1t9~@J~at ,/FJ.}iI*~ 35°;xf~tlttjf±,

6.1.6
0 ;

/F J.iiZ::k T 40
6.1. 7

0 0

~JL'!tt€i Mi&:~~11 ,:fr!ttE1~ jffJ m1~~1!1~ ,JtR -tW(;lH?:1rj; 0.2 - O.3mo - 23 -

-&'lk0~~-=&'lk0~_tfJf~f8f)f~lrt~jl~iH1io 250mm, It/f-lr/J\T 6rno *

6.1. 9
6.1.10

~J!0~"

1*f1iJ¥It:;flr/jvT

1m~±~~5t1r19:Ji~)~H1XJmi ~ ,Jt~mOO~{E7j(~:11rPJ ~~1i:11rP:J%jJtl:;f

Ij\T

250mm2/rno

m~f8~~I¥I~~~I¥IJ¥It, t~*,,*Jf1£m~:;fmlj\T O.5rn;~ ,/j\Jf~fJf~/Gm Ij\T O.4rno{E~, it~pgm19:IfZJ~mmio 19:Ji~~~~~~~~_tm19:I~~m~,{EJtpgm19:I*~m&~o ~~~~fli JtI~ffix1~3Z~m~JtI~mrtJj~nIili 0.1 - O. 2rno 3Z~m~rmmm~ ili~, it~I¥IJJImll~ *.f8_t.o.,~rnw~~~Z~mBm~.3Z~~f8~~o ~{"~ ~I¥I ;tt~Itlrj; 0.05 - O.lfhn, til
6.2.1

3Z~JtI~3I~, it5tJJI$JtI~f8Re~(OO 6.2.2)mt£." fiJ~f8Mf!IjJ1!WJE ,X:iji/j\ru!~-ar** 6.2.2 f8~~JE*m

6.2.2
0

~fiJ~%Al1~~_t$

,/
/ /

,-

--2
I

: ----t-/

--------+--

\",

__~

11001
1.0.20-0.50

00 6.2.2

3t~:ltI~.3~)1t, a:ltI~!VNJ'i.1§Pft~00(R >tift11z.:

1-3t~'l'lHl ; 2- 3t~

m)

24 -

I@itfflflJ
~
) l ;;;.150 5O:E;l 2O:E;l 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15

WitfflflJ
ImmJf}~=*( §3t~J:1lffdlbm)
0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15

~Jf}9W=*
0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20

< 150 < 50

5:E;l<2O

~-f*m~fJ!Ij:l1t1lJ*m20: 1- 30: 1(~:1Ji) ,/j\Jf12m~l¥Jm~tf!.1lJ*m1l:l1to ~-f*m~~:!tl¥JI!Jtmr ,/j\Jf12mtRl:/G1Vj\T o. 8m(*m~~mit l¥JmtRl:l¥Jm~/G1r /j\T O.6m); 1ftJf1£m~/G1r/j\T 1.Om;t~* ~*Jfl£m~Mt~Lt $~ii!~~ffifk:
6.2.3
0

6.2.4)lWitAf]JHm~~/G1r/j\T 0.50m,}tff-*Jf~ml¥J~~,/G IVj\T~f&iti~itAfJJf~~a<J 0.4 mo u ~mitlW:IfAf,1lJ~Jm*~Jtm~ 6.1.2 :~JJtk:, ~il m~~!?ltf$!ffi~o u ~mitl¥J~~itAfJJ!m~fit/G1r/j\T 0.50m,}tff-7j( Jff&ma<J~fit, MT J:t-li®J-f*/G ~/J\T~~W~itAfJJ!JWjfita<J0.41ff ;:tk:-li~mt-+-li®J1*!?lttftfjf±/G1r/j\T 0.35 iff; :tmmit 1*Jj;l*4~1ft )m1tP~R91iJf-at ,JJ!U_t~1WJj!1lJ ?t£Uif§M~~ 0.351O 0.30 mo ~ u ~mit1W~UitAf~1tZlO/G/J\TIPJ-7j(f-f&mlWitAf~*l¥J 0.4 mat, 1lJrti u ~~ mDfito~u~mit~itAfR~m_.!?lt~ •• at,?t~a<J~.~ ••• ~ 9l;~mIlm?t£UtJi:~!ltj'[.~.f&m~i~o ~~j;l±!=j u ~mit1J!U1ll¥Jmtt*~/G1r/J\T O.75mo
6.2.4

U ~mit(OO

~.oo•• •

m 6.2.4

u~#f-&Ri"1F~m(R.i"1jtlli.:m)

bj ;;;.0.50; b2;;;. (0.3 - 0.4) h; b3 ;;;.0.4h

25 -

6 .2. 5 :f;f~s:t;f;ft !!l(;j$Jlt~ !]i•• mB.; It fO~JE at , 1lJ i , ~ § ;f;f t !!l(; JltE:Jj{± i j$ A;f;fit~j$.~ •• ~M~~~~~~±ffiho~ •• 1lJ ~.~,ff~!]i •••• •• ~Ailtlat~~* §tJi:~EJ(J¥.)§"OOJf!.rPl±Z9J±ffih~~jJ'tFjR,J1tat,PJ~&~±~I*J.~ 1F.Jit.±~±ffih 0 ~~/F*T13m'\tJi:*/F*T 20m~~(t&)A_t$£a#J ,Jtr$#J~1lJ*ffl~ ~tJi:~ ,113tJi:fL/F1r~T-=:fL ,tJi:€1~€1ftlJ¥JJt/FlvJ\T O.6mo ~~;f;fit_t~~~(t&)~t~,r~tEi1J~~;f;f 1 4 it(Jlt)ZIB]~1'>t3t.~(~ 6.2.6)0 ~(l&)~fJt L...----=:::!..L ;/ ~Mm~~/F~~TW~o~.~~RT •• ~~~Ailtl~~r, 9=tjij!1r~2 - 3m,*fflMint& ti#Jf4, Jt.W R -t/F1r/J\T O. 2m(t~n X O.3m('!£), Imj§~i&!:~~{2/F/J\T 12~ ~m in; ~1l*fflt&~±~~:fi.5Jl:, Jt.OO R -t~1r v2 IJ\T O.4mx O.4mo ~ ~~;f;fit~~xj§(~~~;f;f~~~~¥~ ~~xj§), /F~*T 15° 0 !f£~;f;fit rY#ij,M ~r r-, /4 .mR.VfiTtJi:~~~~ •• ,9=t~mR¥~ ./ TtJi:~~~.~o 5
6.2.6
/

m*

!f£~;f;f~ 1lJ ~~ '\ -~:ItAf!!l(;Jtrtt l-l:$~ttg ;2-~m!:m~ i&tJ\. *J+~(Ji!.*~Jtm:OO6.2.6) 0 *J+~~~~tJi:€J ~~tt.~~~J+~.h~~~'!£~m.fO~m*,~~*.J+~_t*V±ffih~tt~ ~~~~.hfOmmoJ+:ItAf~~tt~*~~~.o
6.2. 7

006.2.6

*-gl1:m~H93t1f~J1::!t&f ;3-3t1f~;4-J1:!i ;5-Jt1tt

1 IJ/I

3 t

/
lI--

/ L_ I~
8/ 7/

~j lI-

-:
.,/

4
/

6 a)
a)

5 ~~.

6-+'
P-JiI':gliit~; h)j'~Jiffiit~

5
h)

1-J:$f*J*i ;2-m~!1X:.i'ii~;3-m~m11i ;4-tn'IW ;5-£u:Il ;6-i5'tt£u:Il ;7-i5'tt ;8-lifti

26 -

:1Jn$±fJf~l¥J~~, ~ffm~~TJtl~*: 1 w.~, ~ttMft(0ImfJfrir:ff*~Jtl.1r1HH-r~it 2 l*J~g1i~Att~~tt SjWlJi~Jij!~lVJ\T O.4m,Jt-mM~ ~ttR. lkff~jJ1*~~f4~~~ mtJcJE 3 ~~~g1i~AfJf~ , ~tt SjmflJi{~1lli~m/J\T O.3mo
6.2.9
0
0

+,$~#~~

:1Jn$±fJf~ M~~tt~~lJio :t.1'B]mm:ff .05m l¥JrEiJJij!,Jfm:l;l£o 0

6.2.10 6.2.11

~~~~1i~Att~l¥JtJf~mlJi

Sj:1J[]$i*WlJilV!~

:1J[]$±ttit:1J[]$i*l¥J$~M~J'HJL~1t,jffi;t)~P.kifJ~-+l¥J$W ,:1J[]$i*$Wl¥J~ OOOO~, ~1k:1J[]$i*l¥J~JEtt, mJi:i1:1J[]$i*i*J$ ,~~$l¥J~JE'~?tfJTlifUJE ¥:N :1J[]$i*I*J~~JEtE, PJft(fiU~3JZjJ1*it.o :1Jn$,,*~~$~lE'~?t:fJT, m§gfff!~*~JJ ,~~mf$lIlfljHI~JE, 16\~Bt:ijt:1J[]~,,* m-z)}]Hi~o $~~mfit~M~,Ltt$~{ifj'~iJl®l¥J1kJJ 0 $~Wi~¥:Jjtit.PJ~it$~{ifj' ~iJl®l¥Jm:f!JJ
0

~~mtJfl¥J~i*tJf~l¥JlV!~(.rPJflJJ~~~~) ,t!t{j€±tJf~PJn:m~~ 11151/25,EWJm~PJ*mIYfl¥J 1I1O-1I20j:c'UE,{l=I/Flr/J\T 0.8mo f$i5!W>JfP!Hft:!1tPJ1-J 20: 1 -30:1(~:tl)o

6.3.1

mtJftJf~PJ*ffl u lli!tJfa ,2>L'tt~ (1*J:IJ{~i9~ifJ*4) ~1k~ft!?J~Al¥Jtt~ u ~t1f~~fm~iiR. -t»'it.~*PJ~_!M.*1Jtl.1r1~ 6.2.4 ~~:ff*~lEo ~ '€~±fm~ffiJJlr*}itt~±ffijJ 0
6.3.2

g1i~Att~mfflT~ifJ±~~mjfft1g~mfll¥Jt:p ,/J\~q£mtJfo g1i~AtJf~ IBM a!3'€l~lr~~?t£1imt(OO 6.3.3)0 M~ifJ±~~mjf:~illifflft*~m~~1rjJ; ~ m~±. ~±ffJJ1km~~~.mJJ3JZ.ml¥J*3JZmJJo~#.±.ffJJ~,Jtftm?t~~.* jg 1.odt.fftmJJM ,Jtftffl?t:r§i*!J&~1g o. 90 m~*jJlIl~rPJjJ?t:t§i~!J&*~0ImfJf ii~itJiY'H)!m} (ITG D60-2004) l¥J~JE*ffl 0 m*At1f~~M~lIlm~W>J$?tZ~~~WmM~,Jt~m~.M.~WMXPJffi JI. § EBm~ag~~~, ~mMW>J::fa1J~f5]?Jm~o E~a1J~~;f~~ ,~~mm~E M1~T mJl!PilWn mi~tjJWj :It!!~±l9t~~Bt ,E~Am~M~l.CE~a1J~f5J?]m~iJl®M~rPJEf~*,~, mf~l&M a:iiU~li*~o
6.3.3
0

27 -

00 6.3.3 mil"j_\:;t1f~
l-E~;2-mr~ ;3-;ft~

*1t1-J3 - 4mitiWi~it1r:l}t±M{E~lIIir:ftftJ:;cJto it B:I}t±16'ffl?tmJf~, JtW~1t~1i\UJ\-T 96% ,*tJJ~f4t~it §;IJi;±~t?IW, ~Jl:~Jj(i1tt~i!R;fIlflttX6tl

6.3.4
0

mft.§~~~§ft.§~~±~ffih~m~*~.~.1t;fll~~.~o

28 -

?'i?1PJiJHtill~ir:!llrr~*: 1 ~?1PJi3Htat ,illnuj(jJ;I1:)gj::i2!f~Jt:it.OOA;o ~~~?1PJill*m3CffjJA;~?1PJ; ~ ffi§frjft.iq:~*at, m>lU§ffijJA~*ffijJ;~\'JmffPJ 0 2 XffijJAlEfftmmz*1Umilf!.~±jj{J~~W~, W:1li9mm~tk±mfzLWJE¥lilfl~t~ li±~~lIJ; ~Ti91i%:ttf!.~_t jj{JE'f~m§, m~ t1t~lilfl , ia illx;f~~~f!lut:ttl7j( I n~ jj{JIf!.~T i I~MlU', ~:iM~ 'fl1rBJ ~1: ~:f:1J?:]ml*f!l~~ii7j( 0 ffijJAlfl*ffijJA~ffPJmzW:ll~lilfl, t1MimzFWo 3 mgffPJpg1:2~l$iWi~1r/j\T o. 75m;~ffPJ*~:kT 15m 1_EVj\T30m at ,Jt:pg1:2~1$ iWiJGIr/j\T l.Om; ffi§?1PJ*JJt:kT 30m iVJ\T 60m at ,Jt:pgl£~i$-iWi~Ir/J\T 1. 25m; ~?1PJ *Jt*T 60m at ,Jt:pg1:2~1$iWi~Ir/J\T 1.5mo 4 tm7IPJ:ltL ttlffPJI=t 1}jlPj7HtLtf~7j(IWjj{J:mA!==§ R -t ,mz-Bl!*mtff~JIW!f1jJm:i:t, jf~,IE M1Y!~mJlI~~jj{J~)E~*, _§_~mzx;ffflJlIYF~~fflt~f1J~nr"J 0 5 ~1fi{EBj.j~il~~ ,HB!~~jJ$X{f£at, PJt1t~f!tJ!l!I~'f 0
7 .0.1

~W:Il:t£!ffE iIf!.~_tjj{J~?1PJ7r, l&~mg7IPJj{Jmg~#A~lkilf!.~±;Ifl5L, mz4i~ j - 6mW::!t-:i1!m~~; iWi~~~~Jt1~W-rjj{J?1PJ~ lk~lilflmz4i~m~ru!~W:WjJL~~o m,*~ill*m~"I1:jj{J~~7j(*J*4jj{£0

7.0.3

7 .0.2

trir?1PJjj{JffPJ~lflJ1!ill,mz1m~f*'If£n:3mr~*fFill~JJI!: 0 1 ~?1PJut:ttlD~ ,illt1t}iffifijl }iffifijl 0 SjffPJ~illW:~MHf ,~pgJl~~~7j(*J;f-l-o 2 1i~T~~*E :ttf!.~_t jj{JMJffPJ pg7r illJtt:1TtitWJ,WlJ7Hm@J*JJtill~fnJi!1~:I1t ~iIf!. ,?1PJ ~±"\ fltt,mtl~~f4W)E, ffi§?1PJ_tih'f~ymz:tE}iffif:il(~m~)m:mrpgtit@J, rih'fmztit ttl}iffif:ilW5'r 3 - 5m(ffijJA~ffPJmzJ! *.®) 0 X;fTX~~i1J;ffJjj{Jii[i1J, ill 0 imlifJJM1tfit-V-W1r*m _~JI~~ ,JtMWft~~ PJ1OC~2000 ffi§?1PJm:l1t"\~7j(mt1itijj{JB!~:l1toolli.illMWo 3 tE~:l1t~ -JJrtJi:kjj{Jii[i!1 ,~\~atff~1i~;g,mt*, "\~7j(Ecmilljj{J~i''HtmJj{[, itill tEYjjijil15'r9ifij~$W:ft~7j(:il 0 :tEj!1WfflJWjj{J}iffif$, lli.illW:Il~7j(1i 0 4 tEbj\.i%iIf!.lR ,ttifflijl!==§ ttifflffl1mz* m llf* jj{J tltt~lilfl 0 ~ ~iIPJ?1PJ~~:l1t~Ir:kT5%, 1E1fffi§jj{J~:l1t~Ir:kT ~ ,ffi§~Ir~1Wi 3 - 5m W:lli~ff~.IWi:il~#f~lilflf~ffltmr~%o
7.0.4
29 -

3%0 ffPJ~~:I1t:kT 5% ffPJ~~:l1t:kT 10% at,?1PJ

~~~~~*m.~~~%,~~M~.~.fidm~~.~.~~~~~~~~~ 1140
7.0.5

~~~~~~%%o.~m.±m.~mm.~*m~~~~d~mm~M~ftm. ~~mo
.~~:f'iJPJttCFYtl1F1JE:itHritJr: 1 it •• fiA;.~~.~I*LfJM, ~~tt(_t~ ~.fi~PJf$;fJ~~1~'\ ""f~~~~ ~~rrJro.fitt(M~~x~~rr.,PJ~~m.~~*~*~no 2 m.~m~~3C~mitJr,Jt*Jft~~lVJ\T 1140m.PJ~~mtffii~f'Fffl~~ ;fQt~.±t&mt~~o mtiJ~*~Jtm:~ 5.1.4 *itJrat, PJ{)l.f'Fm~.OO5j~~.0 3 ~~A;.~~~~OO~~~±~*ffi~n,PJ~.*~m~~~jJ;;±.~*mrr
7 .0.6

.~~~Mf!i!UjJ;;±~*Fz!~~,JttJf!i!tl*~~~/J\~~~jJ;;±~~~-ffi,ffi

.0

30 -

1iBR -tat ,mz*~~

s: 1J 1*tit 14':liI +':( nun)
~~Jn~1t A.O.2

A.O.l

1i~jI¥J5jtt~~,mzfflJt1*~ 70mm1¥J.ll.1Jf#ii\~l¥Jmffi5jtt~7J\, A.0.1 ~1EI¥J~;l}~1t:i1HT~9K~~o

~ A.O.l
200 1.43

~*fflJt

1i~iltf4=~lata9~.~J&
150 1.28 100 1.14 70 1.00 50 0.86

1:I:@Ji**~ftnr: 1 ~~_.j.E$Jf#o $J#C~tt 200- 300mmI¥JE~j ,1:tt~ ~tt I¥J1.0 - 1. 51tf, *tt~ JJJf~ 2.5 - 4.0 fff ,~ml!!l~~tt/F*T lOmm,~H~1JiEl¥Jt\mf#, m!il$Jilto $Jilt!il
~/Fllil*T
2 lfhnm,

$!lUfl1:l$Ji*o :@J#c~ml!!l~~J3t/F*T 15mm,!il~/F*T 15mm,~{t!!~*~ gm*l-1i@]f#o 3 tIV¥-4E$Ji*o$J~~ml!!l~~ll/F*T 20mm,~~/F*T 20mm,Jt{t!!~*~gw f-Hiliru1#o 4 ~E®J1#o ®J~J!J1l2oo - 300mm1¥J1:I~j ,%~*itlJiE,~J3tg"J~~lll¥J 1.01.5 ffi, *Jfg~~J!Jlll¥J 1.5 - 3.0 tff ,!gJ~1:I~j~1l*l&-1*,*m~$Jilto 5 J1E®Ji*o $J#C~ll/F/J\T 150mm I¥JEifj ,1iWiltatllt"*Jt~fJl8 tfHfl) * ,+~:at ., 1lT /J\E ~j;l!{~2: ~ m
0

31 -

B.O.l

n&Itvim1llWit.

tvimlllW*/J\m*7Gx~fU:ffx~~#'Iff5G,*:5tjjtl~mr3itlj2g~t;t!:1-Tfi!I.o 1 xx~»iIlWm1)f 1) ±#tlll».m_tm~ § ~tz:~lWmIVH"l1:rm ~ul

~ul

(1rf +1 .
Hg
Acos<}?m -

(1

(B.O.I-I) (B.O.1-2)

a-

~'ft

l-±mllit~~~; f-±mllit~9Cr£.'j; E-±mll:fJt-l-~ffi~'tU~. ; Hg-±mlllbtml:~~ § m:tz:~1W7j(v-mjJ; (1-±mllbtml:m~§m:tz:~IWV-~ffmjJ; <}?m-#tJJ! !:3mJJ!p:ii~ !:3~~IW~~; A-±#tIll.liiliifg(1t.lii#tPIlfl.V-~.liiliifR) 2) ±mlll~ll1t1ttz:~lWmJ]!~"I11t% ~u2
~u2

(1rf +1 .

a (tl - t2)

(B.O.I-3)

A'ft

a-±mlll~~~~~*~;
tl-!rfV-~~ll;

t2-i-tmatlW~1lo ~(tl - t2) > 0 at ,mTInl:ffE,&z,mTInrmo

3Hl!~±±mll EB 7l!~±11~jmfU~1ttz:~lWmTInrm ~u3 !§f#n&IIW±#tIll, PI*~!l~f~ I5OCWftz:~lWrmmit~,:5t3tMt!IIW±mlll, PI *~oc~1f£ 5 -15OCWftz:~lWrmmit~, ~PtE*~~(B.O.1-3)0AI*J .1lf#n&IIW±#t 1IIlfl.(l - t2) = - 150C t ,:5t3tn&IIW±mllllfl.( tl - t2) = - 5 - - I50C 4)~, ii'7j(V-fil~tz:~lWmTInr1JL~u4
0

32 -

0u4 = 4f·

,11

(B.0.1-4)

:A;9=t

,11-±m~mJjip;f§x;J:5t~7j(

~{}[3mo

5):Ol[Iuli*~m1t~(:!m~ifJ~ffi~~)

,mlJtrmPJ*

lIl000 ~f'

fit.

6)MT7C5i:~:Ol[I~mm:,*~1*J 1) - 4)JJ!PJ1ii.1-J ~f~B;J*~jdil, ~7C7j(-V-til~Bt*~'J\mo 2 m1ll~m~:Ol[I~mm m1liA;m~S¥:~J8, £mlmmlJtr:~ffl~~II1:Ii~n~ll1:rm,*~~ re~mmo.1Il~m.*~~rmm~r~~§ft.: 1) ~~ttr1JL Osl
Osl

~~~PJ~~:fftil

1 ~~

1) -

4)J_9!

If

ah

(B.0.1-5)

:A;9=t

a--m~~ttS¥:~m~ffim~; h-1L ttiWiJ3t ; E--:ll. tt*it-l- ffl5~tt~. 2Hn~II11t~ 0s2 ~~5~'I1:~~~¥Jf~ffi*:a PJ~r1tl1iiit: )1ID!*ttffi~,~~~!:i1t%* 2nm; Wt*ttffi ~B1lOCmm;)IID!*tt 3 ~«t*tt*i*,";f§~* 2.5nnn;**'" ~~~~**'" ~f5Iffi~* 2nmo X;JT :flJflj:Am'W~, 11l1lj:m:ll.ttmZSfJ~;f§xt~ZSfJPJiJ I®~~F~~'I1:1tff3, *~~~1~o
0

~B;JJtt lfhnm, 4)5t~~ilfj:tES¥:~J8B"J~F~~ll1:rm o&t X.~lilfj~F~"lirmPJ*r7tlm ft.:tt~tE1t9~±_tIW. 5 - lOmm,t~tEf5 ±l:lOC t 10- 2Onnn,1TA1t9±~tJ±* 5mm,1TA*t!i±~tJ±IW.Ommo l mDUitfflfWmJJt1IHJ&l:J£~f'Prm., *PJf&r:~B"J~~~m;f§:b1lJ81~~U, :Ol[IHt , M~tHjiH~J.l:it.m*£!if~f&~~~;liHri)!J~o -JNj~&r:ff5t~:Ol[IfB*m, ~7CPJ~ , Wf~-I-B1 ,IYi*JJtm~600
B.O.2
, . 1

- 8001ii.o

~m)jtB"J-t)!:~ IYim)jtill*ml:J£~~~~r:~~~JJt~~&~-t)!:~;PJ~m~tt~~f&~~*r l£1J~L -i3tIt: 1 *W!.~~-t)!:il

Ox =

o( 1 - 4f
33 -

2 )

(B.0.2)

Jt~

ox-~*]]!1lE~1-J

*~IYi1JoiWiJJt;
-

2 3

8-:1:W;ilW;]JH:vHjt~ ; 1-:1:W;1I it1f:1f.!f12 *fitiJ~njtiJ~1¥J t~fYlJiiIo xtT/Fxt~W;ti'f~~W;ti'f,**I¥J~.'lit1E~&JPJ

0

t~fYlJi&tIo

34 -

19{J! 1£1A1i* m~~)cat fRJjUx;f~ T ,X;fT~*F~fjJt~

1

IPJ ~ffliPJiJt~ :!lor":

~~~~F~ ,~~~f-*1~~1ij~ffliPJ:

~~F~

,1±iE1it'If£rf5]mz~f-*1~~ffliPJ:
0

iEiifiPJ*ffl"M" , li.OOiPJ*ffl"~M"~"~1~"
3

~~ftif~1fm~,1±~{lj:ifPJattt)'GM~tf~~ffliPJ:

35 -

OTG D61-2005) .. 3t

i$t

R~

1 ,~,!i!IJ
2 ;ljti!'Il~~ 3 4

41 42 43 53 63 67 70
71

;fYt*4

~14=iii.t •........................"............................................................ ~i.t 50

5
6 7

mm···················································· .8····················································
jjj§jlliJ A
B

IJM~ IJM~

39 -

1
0Im±5It1f?I~Lg,l¥Jii:lt1*JJlU~:tt*7'6ut __ t~f1fifJ! __ 1(1t~ffl;fO~1*~.o *~JMi1mfflT-jiR0Im±5It1f~I¥Jii:lt,x>fTt~~ti*-4(fto~~tIt~±) __~~~~ t (~o.%~f!J)fott~~{4(~Om.ii:lt)I¥J:l:5It1ftiJii:it~~if:tf:kfij$;fO~Jr.m:I¥J~Jr.j£o ±5It1ftiJ~f!JI¥Jii:it, ~mnw'@*~Jr.ml¥J~>1<)r~, lkJt11Bfij$ __ fL1& ffl'.m~ p1ij~~if jtfttrff:k I¥J Jr.)£ >1< ~ fO~
0

41 -

*i!fO~%~P.1HI~~fiJfstit~*fOJiJtJ~%}(GBJ 132-90),<0~f5i:tirfstitJi JtJtJU~J (IrG D60-2004) fO<liID1*~fiJfstittJi!.mJ (GB50003-2(01) *,Jk

0

42

~B"J5.91JJt1f£" jljjt~tE~ ,1£0~~rm~f1gq:r$3tY*ffl, t~jJUif~~0~_tB"JtfftiJ ~~!IW/Fm*ffl~®J1*,mtV.*iX{~iTat~~®J1*JIl;tm ,3f~1*~JUBB"J~f/I\{0~1i~15lk 1l.±tff~N:it~jU~JBj(~{0B!!5ItJf~1~Ht~jU~Jo ;.fJ*4B"J~%;f05.91JJt~~!:~H®J1*~f1g1iit~Jt'.mJ(GB5(ffi3-2001)(J)Jrfijf/l\{GB5(ffi32001 ~Jt'.mJ)*mag~*if§lmo ;ttHJi50~15 tJ B"J ffl 'tif m., 15;.fJ5£JJt~~ mill it(tJf B"J ~ tj {1E11k~ MU30- MU120, m ~ Sj{0~~Elium.±tJf~N:it~m}(JTJ 022-85)(tV.rfijf/l\1*~_w.m)BIT*5£J3ttj %m:III~JJio 1&~±Jgr1Jn C40,C35 pijl*5£JJt~~o 1tJ;~5£1t~~f1=TiftHm,~1JoT M20"MI51¥15£JJt~~,*rf!jT MI2.5"M2.51¥15£JJt~
3.1.1

~*l:
~o

3. 2. 1
~~ 0

7Omm, it:ijl1f£ £JJt~~ 5

IE T E ifJ w: i4 R >t IE 1*~_w. 200mm x 200mm x 200mmBj(~ 70mm x 70mm x m

0 0

tf1f1= ;.f§ iftH~ 1& ± :fi:1f£ .91 ~, t~~ ~l m 5.91 f~%:ff BIT Tm ~ 5 JJt~ JJt ®J1}L1tJ;~¥1:fi:1f£5.91J3t 1 ~~~~ mnID:I" f1g B9~~;fO §mr B97](tJM:JtmI'If . ~JE B9 ~ m ili!tp*{~jtEi9mtJfmIl1m~±5£1t~§2t*~*ffl C25- c3o,Jt:fi:1~5£JJt~~~1*~ ~a9:&i{~tj%:ff BlTtf!~
0

3.2.3

-E;.fJ}ktl~±;.fJ*45t7](~M§

~1EmTMt-l- prf$~ =fL !Jltl [23 $~~ , PI~Mt=fL~ ~~ Iffi ~3~tfJ t-l-~1M W:ff :k~t-lfr~g,iA~1mJt(~~ SjM1t)-?X~"J;.f§ ~T*~ q:t-!tpEi9f1=ffl $~iJ\~f1ffi.JJt/FmI~T
0 0

"**'

,~*~~

,**M1t,iJl®;.fJ~-tJxIAt1i1!ko

~07](

-15<C,~~lZl~7](1£ttVJ\~£HI1fq:r ,JJ.if1f£r -15<catT~~~~o ~!tp:ijl~ JJ ~±1]f1ffi.JJt 1I£T~~T - lO'CEi9Ji!!IR, mifJ~-tB"Jm~-r£, tf1~~r _tJ£1*[Zg /F~
0

43 -

~;Js!{n'i1m!.JE:5 ifJ~mff~ 1~[gjM 1>1tttt1*~~ ~lBjJjt~ JtMJR1>1200mm.1L jJ1* ~jM~ 0.7 tlfo *~lm*m~iJt{4R -t1>1 70mm .1LjJ1*,M*~ 7 ~:5ifJ~jM~#lk~. O. *~o JPJ at1§- mm-mmUl1rUI~ifJ~-+~~*~ 1.85,9ltl*iX1~iT~EifJmff~£M~itm 1>1 ::5ifJ~jM~#lk x 0.7 x 0.7 x 111.85= 0.265 x :5ifJ~.!iJjt~f1ko ~~lm::5ifJ~dtJmtflt&~LgjM1>1t~%~ 0.06 tlf, ~:5ifJ~#lk~ ~EifJt~%~ 0.7 ftf ,-¥}1§-mmm~~lm~ifJ*4~~*~ 2.31, 9ltl*iX1~iT~EifJ~dtJmm~itffi1g: EifJ ~£Jjt~&;& x 0.06 x 0.7 x 112.31= 0.0182x EifJ~.!iM~&;&o
3.3.1

t~~±$iBJL\mff~jMliit{j[,*JI~H~~mtnt~~±lk.~MjJt~~±fJftmliit ~JUGJITGD62-2004)( ~ r!Wi${ITG D62~.N.m:» ~~.N.~ {EiJl~ 85 ( ) !:f ~O. t~~±~!ltJmm~£M~itm, * JiH ITGD62~lm}t~mt±$iBIL\m:pr5.!iM~itm*~ *~ 0.5~.ffJ.*~~:prIR~~w£~n(nJ*f1 Y {j[~jGw~~rm1t~~*1ItmjGW1JL;l:5J{j[1.50 Yo FJTl~U~~±~dtJmtflliitm~<JTG D62~_mm}ttt~±$iBJL\m:pr~jMliitm*~ 0.5 x 1.5 = 0.75 x {ITG D62:JsW.mJt~mt±!ftBJL\m:pr5jl3t~itmo t~.±lI1J(m~~jMiJt~~~-+q~y, *11& 1975!if: 1995!if:l!l1999!if:~fJ(~~.N.m, , ttH
3.3.2
0

.~WMjJ~*~W~dtJmtflMjJ~2ffl,*m!.m**m~~~mo
1tP91HiJJJ1*mff~jJjt~itm, **,~f{<GB50003-2001~mJ~Iltm~9ltl ,*mf~ ~m~~~*4*~*f1~~ilio.f*~mff~Jjt~m~~.~*,§~~*m •• mm ~~r~~*~iJt.aM~W~~.~~*fi*.oa~~*.~~1f:*~*~.f** 1TT*it~.1*mffi3jMiJt!Ji, jk*1~ -=. =f~~iJt.~W, 1>1#W.1*mff5jM~~ ±~ ~~~.~.1*~~~**,m~T~~a~~~fflR~~~.1*mff~l3t*.0~o .W~iJt~mif§~~,~:ff*~~it/J\,~JJ!.~a)Hifij,#l£*~%rt:jJOO~itrPJOO~t~ ft3m~~)J!U ,ii:Uli£~.ffl1VfJE,~ili :tlOr%~ ttt3tmJj~rm~-~*~.1*~mffi3j J3t1JL~m I; \mff~jMt~i1Em A ,mff~jM~itm f« ~it.~~: (3-1) 1m = kdlC 1 + 0.07/2) k2 (3-2) A = (1 - 1. 6450'f)/m
3.3.3

/d

= Ik/Yr

(3-3)

rt:!:f II-~f*~5jJ3t(MPa); fz-1t99iHr~ (MPa); 5.!iJjt kl-~.1*rp~1*~£Ul!l.m1f~rm~1t~~~~Jii!.* k2-{~5jJ3t~&;&1t9~.m~.1*5.!iJjtflilE*~,

44 -

3-1; Jii!.*3-1;

a-£j~1*~M~*~~~,Jii!.*

3-1;

or-@f*1e#*~; Y r-@f*;fJ*47t:r.w *~o *&!Ii!i{GB 50003-2001 ~m:)~ 3.2.3~,7j(~1i9~@m:atJJ\Z*w. 0.90 *rnU]m:~ 2.0.5~~)ciJi~ ,7j(rJe1i9?J1VfO~;I1:~~, ~1lt*w. o. 9 tJT~*~o 0~mM!1i9~Jlg£11t~ ~m:ff£1g M5,~m7j(rJe1i9~,ii_t*W. 0.9 tJT~*~o

3-1

iW1*mffi~ffi.Lt¥j5j1i0~~tI9~~~
kl a k2

Ff%
1 2

@J1*:f!lt~
:l;tHi ( =§;fSF6)

0.79 0.22

0.5 0.5

§ 12 < 1111 2 =0.6+0.4/z; ,k § /z < 2.5111,

JtEC::§E)
kz

kz = 0.4+ 0.24/z

r±:**

t£*~tl~ftj:Z;.~:t5]~T 10

1 *- 3.3.3-10 tmfjt±I~HtJlJ:!1HiWf*,fLH)!~~~m:*11(gm#E~,L!t, l1P W.*E@f*1JLJ~ 5!i11tltitiR* 1.50 t!l~±5jll~~,*mOTG 062 ~]m)~JE,Elfw.~m~*~~)CiJt 131Hm0s:tat, ~.1g:fi;fJ5jll~~, 3 19tHm, = MU1.28 X 25 = MU32ElfW. 11 = 32MPa C25 , W. f~A0Ao 2 *- 3.3.3-20 ~E(~f--l-E)@Jf*1Jtff~£11ti9:1tm~p.1H@f*~~)(~ ~JS.~N±~) * 2.61O{CB 50003-2001 ~m}~ 4.1.5 ~7tjJtl!bt1t#*~ Or= 0.17 ,;fJ~--I-7t:r.w*~Yr = 1.60 ~~7j(~1i9~1JT~*~ O.9,:Ijc:fi(:t~--I-~)@Jf*mff5jllltitiR!bt1g: 0.9fk ( 3-4 ) /d = ~ = 1m( 1 - 1.6450r ) X 0.9 = 0.4052fm 1.6 3 * 3.3.3-30 )=f:fi(:t:fi)@Jf*Vtff5£llltit{j[~J!~{@Jf*~ft))* 2.61O{CB 50003-2001 ~]m:}~ 4.1.5 ~:7tjJlj!bt1t#*~ Or= O.24,,;fJ*4:7t:r.w*~Yr= 1.60 ~~7j( lIB1i9~iJT~*~ 0.9,)=f:fi (~E )@Jf*1Jtffs£11ti5Btm:!bt1g : ) 1.6 ( 3-5 ) f« = 0.9A = 1m( 1 - 1. 645Or X 0.9 = O·3404/m

-u

4 * 3.3.3-2 a:1O* 3.3.3-3 a:pg~rT@Jttc:filOT@J)=f:fimffsjllltitm,f!gIit ~~W~1g.~~1JtffiWll~#mo ~~~m~JE~T.*:filOTmj=fE~&~Vtffi~ 11t1g 2.5 %7tJ;~flk~~mffis£11t~ 0.5 {ffffitG, 1M~£*-3&,Fo~.mli7g M2.5 7tJ;~~ 0.7 ftL 5 * 3.3. 3-40 mf*~m1liJI1~~Qi;rGm11l" 1'g lOm~;l1g~7g:tlf, Elfw.Ji 1itmf*~ft) m tl5mr~ffift)1lJ:, 1.81£0~ I;fi J:ftf1;ff1~tt~±:lfAflO~ru!m~~~11L ,,~1'g ,,~~~Jtgl£, JYf ~:2Iqj(f~iT1J3Jtltf:Lt~~J.w1~f~0 frHg{@Jf*~ft)}*- 2.6,xtr~~mlittc;fJ®Jf*( 'ElJJ!it!llit ±fWttl~"ttcE@Jf*)~11l" 1'g ,~~1t#*~!bt7g Or= 0.2, )=fil( -=Bil)®Jf*~1t#*~Iit 19 Or= O. 260 JX¥-f-ar~Jli:tt:Smr®Jf*Et9-¥~5£llit.0Al~ili~?Rmf*11l, 1'g ,,~1¥J5'¥'~ f~11Em~i9:1tmo ~~®Jf*~ JL.,m11ls.¥.1l1Jl.:t5Jm 11m (3-6)

*~7itJJ1* ~

B:a tftJiljli1t Jf:l:5] til

tmm

ftmm = fvrn = j\;~

k3,k4,ks-it.*~,_IR.*

k4J7z ks J7z

(3-7)

(3-8)

3-20

3-2

WJ1**til,t'mtu:,~Pllmtu:,~:lim~~!lt:!¥:L1.J-m:(MPa)'&i.t.~f&
fttn= k31h flmm

= k41h
k4

fvrn

= kslh
ks
0.069 0.188

1iWf*f'It~

k3
0.069 0.075

m-iN~
0.081 0.113

m-Jm~
0.056
-

~jI!~~H1JfJJf*

ltE1iWf*

~_w..mu :!iR:;fJ@J1*
Jk = (1 - 1. 6450'f)Jm = (1 - 1.645 x 0.2)kJh
= 0.671kJ.j;

(3-9)

j=f;q7itJJ1* Jk ,7.K~1&*@Ji}Ult1itr*W;0.80 *)](~_w.ti1~ 2. 0.5 JkJk)(iJtajj ,7.KVC1&*;fQffi)·Ii~~,~!It*W; O. 8 :tJT~*~0 0B!tJfm91&*jli1t~r& il1~j;J M5,:I:5]m7.K~1&*,ii}{*W; 0.8 :tJT~*~0 *ml¥J;fJ*45tr_m*~j; 1.6, ~m7.K~ltb*tJT~*~ o. 8,~_w..mU:!iR:;fJ1iW1*fOJt~1iW1* !fib J[.,Vttil ... liB Vttil ... Ui:VtJHjJ3ti~Httilj; : ~ 1 ~.w.JJltl W1* ~;fJ
3.2.3 (3-11)

A = (1 - 1. 6450'f)Jm iftHj~HGB50003-2001 Js!Ua:}~

= (1 - 1. 645 x 0.26) k Jh

o. 572k Jlz

(3-10)

h= A;~ Jm-i«t:t!f-t*W1*Vttil A-m;:mf-t*W1*Vttil h-m;:m1~*W1*Vttil

~:~k=

0.2862k/.h

(3-12)

til~ Vt~5Eil1tf:M]m; til~ Vt~5jJ3tf,j{tm; til~jJLJgjj1ti9:ittil ; k-m;:m1-t* k3... 4... ~;f§*fiIj'~~j{1itr*m 0 k ks, 6 1iW1*ttr ... ,~~tr-£*~A;j;: ~ l)W1*~tilat1f .=.#~tr-~j\;: ni-{g~; ni:!iR:1*;fQ~InJ1k~;ni7.KfJ]it:io Jt~lWw;j # ~ jJ'~ t£~ IPJ , {Y£ liJt~% j\;/G - ,7itJJ 1*Vt1iljli1ti9:ittilIfr~ ~ ~/ J\:~', :g:~.w. pgJJltl "-{g m f* 7.KJfJ]it:i£1f -1EI¥J*~~jJ ,1S1~/G~1E, rtJ3 ,ffiW;~.w.mpg/G~UAJtVttil5Eil1ti9:it
~"o

46 -

2)@Jf*~~w:a1 ,:(£~w:1R~~0 @Jf*~W:1f=fiP~~%A:@Jf*:tE1£rtu~~1l1 ,7]( 3jZJifii~ 00 ~flH~~ ,~n$£~'H1'f it~~1r ±ffiJ :fn.L$~f1;J ~ JL' ffiJ 19!$£ ! tJf it lWoo 7]( m 3jZJ1!ifii~w:[ 3-1a)] ;@Jf*:(£7](fjJrtu~~at, 1fm-t&fiiwt~lOm-:Ij(f*bt1£rtu!kfii~~ 00 w-IfiP ,~~iJ'~R~[I=IJ ,18it~%A:;f,@Jf*mJfL~!~liit{j[1&w-I1'f~/j\1'f,:(£~JU~~!J!U l$"t&~" ,~n)ffJlhA~±:ltLHf~~±oo1!i,t!P~7](¥jJrtu~~-{9lJ[ 00 3-1b)]0 3Himf*~~at ,1f~~~:fIf-%P::J1!i~t;t~ ;-&~t;t~:fn~~%t;t~ 0 ~~iA~,_t~ -~~:fIf-%AEf{Jm~5!~¥*-if-f. ,EJft:l*~Jt1L1"1i~m~":;ffl}*~~:I%t~1lEo

a)

b)

3.3. 4 Ij\~ -=ftm~± @J#!:~1iPJf*VtfflO1r~Vt~H!~liitm*Jij *1(*~0 Im$ ~ Ef{Jit~f£~ ,Jt~*JR.~ 3.3 .4-1:fn~ 3.3.4-30 IJ\;o-=ftmil€±1iPJh;o1iWf*t;tfffR~lU!il~ 1JJmJij)]{~m0A ,~liitmJR.* 3. 3.4-2;/J\~ -=ftm{jt±1iPJh~tJL~ ~ttaJ;l"Vtw:~ ~HHVt W:liitm*ffl*~*$0~$~Jti5UfJ0A,~liitm_9t!.* 3.3.4-20 1f*0A;fO~WiJt lY'I~nr: 1 Ij\;o -=ft~{jt±1iW#!:;o1iWf*Ef{Jt;tff5jJjtt~flm, ftffyu0P:it.: t: = [O.45k1k2.i?·5(1 +O.26A·8)](I-1.6458) (3-13) A9=J fck-1iPJf*mff5!Jjt~flm(MPa); kl-@J#!:~Jt~*f£,:tR:~~ 1.0,m*4n~ 1.2,£HIt.-tn ,*£mt.-t~~ 1.4; k2-1iPJf*:E'ti* f£ , Jl(B'ti:E n ~ 1. 0, m,ti:E ~ 1. 5, * ~Jt it( Jl(B'ti:E n Jij T * m 3.3.4-1; 8-1£jf. 1&O.15; fl-E';.fJ5!illt~~(MPa) ; f2-/j\;o -=ftm~±5jlt~~ (MPa)0 liitm19t~tlm~t:l;fJt-t*J§i*~ 1. 6, RP#!:~1iPJf*Vtff5!Jjtliitm19:

I!I 3-1 a)j~HJiitjHf~ EIil~f1l:;b)-&~itjHf~EIil ~ttr

*~,

fed

[O.45k]k2.i?·5(1

+ O.26A·8)]

(1- 1.6458) 47 -

/6

O.21185fi·5(1

+ O.26A·8)

(3-14)
-

2 /J\;q -Ttll~±1iID:Ijc;q1iID-f*jj{J1U~m~51i1tfjflUl, ~rjtl0Ait.: Jvk = k Jh (1 - 1. 6450') A9=t Jvk-1i!V-f*1H:ItJLJg5!lllfj(fE{I[(MPa); k- Sj1iID:Ijc~~;ff ~jj{J*fi,Jfj( .098; 0 O'-~ff*}t,Jfj( 0.16; h-/j\;q -Tt~~±5!llt~~ (MPa)0 ~~-Tm~±1i!V:Ijc~1i!V~~.tJL.~ll~*m~~~(fEm.~~M~~*.~= 1.6, ep:ljc~1i!V-f*1tf~m.51ill~itUl~: /vd =
0.098J7z(1 -

(3-15)

1.645 x 0.16)

1~6 = 0.045129J7z

(3-16)

*~ 3-2,1tNR1i!V:Ijc~1i!V~= ks, epi.P91aW:ljc~1i!V~~IL'tJLfJ[ k3 Sj~.tJLJgIliJUl;~ mUif-&~)/~~m~ = k4/ks = 0.08110.069= 1.174, ~m(mJm~)/~~m~ = k4/ks = 0.056/0.069 = O.8116,m!~JtFf/j\~ -Tt~~±@J:Ijc~@J~,JJ!tl~~m(m-&~)~itUl~~ m(rffJii~)~it{l[~jJtl~:Ijc~1i!V~1r.tJLJg~it{l[a<J 1.174 fiffrJ0.8116 fifo 3 Ij\~-Tt~~±1i!VJt~1i!V~a<J~IL,tJL1li5!l1l ,*?j(~JMB~iT*fF1Jt:!J£L,mrff ffl~~ m*Jftjj{J 1964~ 11 Jj 1l9)11~3tJmJT0B*WJ~~it~{/j\~ Ttm~±@J-f*iJ\Hi1!1fJ'E~ffE# a<J!fIUIL,m1lif&~IB1i1t0A,~~itUl~*WIL,m1lif1k~IB1iIl.~)Jft~1t11i!V~gz:~*. r; (ffi~T;f:JM~JJi*. Yj)2.31o Ij\~ -Tt~.± @J t ~@J~~IL'tJL1lif&~tH1i1l0tC~ : J
R.

MR{ 1-O.l~·~~)
A _ 10 + Rl - 10 + nRI

(3-17) (3-18)

A9=t Ra-!fIUIL''\m&f1k~tB1ilt(MPa); [3-Jt~1JT~*.,I& 0.8; Rl-~;f:Jfj%; R2-/j\~ Tt~~±51illfffi%; n-*fi ,~~ ;f:Jfj% rm JE ,JJi!.~ 3-30

3-3
60

19:
80 100

~50 3.9

3.7

2.7

2.7

~ _t 0 tC fQ ~ 11] m T 200nnn_}[:1J ~;f:J 1Jt: ~ ~ {If,fj % ~ 1Jt: {If5!llt ~1J\ 0 3m * ffl 70nnn_}[:1J1*1Jt:{4, ~~~ 1Jt:{If5jJj[~1J\JJ!U~~Ell*~ O. 7 ~. ~fffi% 0 3m 120~~;f:J , , Ell~fffi% 84*_t~0tCit.Jt~IL' '\m&f& ~LHjJj[Ulom!tEt~.±*m ~~, Ell~Jt~ .~fj%~_t~0tCit. ,Jtffi1i~*~ C30= # 32, C25= # 27, C20= # 22, C15== # 170 Ij\~-Tt~.±1iWJt~1iWf*a<J1r.mJg ,\~IL'mtL, ~anmfJ[5jJj[~itm(11]~-&~), - 48 -

tHf~*1(*?¢0~?¢~m#t1¥.J0A;iiJftJE
/vd;/trnd

:/vd

1~6 x 0.188

Hz (1 -

1.645 x 0.26) ;/td

= 1. 16/vdo

*~~tJ&~ mHJTG ISO/TC179/SCI 1W~:k~tJ&o

3.3. 5

D62

~_w.mJ" {GB

50003-2001 ~mJ~

:k~tliHf@JE,

X;j" R~T

49 -

~tH~H01mI~~~PJ~tli~it~-fjft)GB/T 50283 ~rWif*{GB/T ( 50283fjft» ag~.N.JE ,~~~it*JiHI$fR~&~~-tiit,*JJlU ~5t:rm*~~J3agjJr!o :1:5 Im.~~~7~~.nhfR~~~*fi-ti~*,*~ •• m.ag~~~~,**ffi~ag ~;Ilm~*1~HiEJtLE 1it{9!JiH1H&~~ * IPJ at, 1'1T ~ Jt{if!.~~ ~ ~ 1jfrJ~~*ffi IPJ ag~ agPJ37j(-V-,:f:5Im.~{tf:ag~.fmhflU&~~,.fJiHGB/T 50283f~ft)ag~JE,tm~~ li!t~PJtmr:1:ag,5:~UIl;:m:~ll ,~~~ 4.0. 3 ~tl5tag= 1'1(~~~*1i-tiit
4.0.1- 4.0.4
0

**it.0A;~~Jl~{GB 50003-2001 ~m:)~,*~.N.m:1IJ!JJEB"J ,~JiFr1W1*!flijJL'. s¥:ff~1ffiOJL's¥:ff ,Jt~Jtffi~r ,*~.N.m0A(3. O. 2-2) ,**1*1 cp {l[ffi~r ,*~.N.m:0A9=t B"Jra **1*1 cp m]~~m1ffiOJL,~n~,tfL~m~{tf:B"J*gru e t~~n!PJ
4.0.5
0 0

~,*~m:0A(3 .0.2-2)ffi t~,*5R1*10A(4.0.6-2)E)t(4.0.6-3) 1*1 ,~%:t;:itI~ -J]j!f!P,*~.N.m:0A(3.0.2-2) 1*1 "J , ~%:t;:itI~=J]j!f!P,*~.N.rrL0A(3. O. 2-2) 1*1 "J Ba B cpo ~m:0A(3.0. 3)1*1 *~~Wi1t,}J\H~£1'1 a,B(,B - 3) ,!h!.,*~lti1*)(i)VljL 1It5t~,,*~m: atp ~ 3. O. 3 *~JEJf~*1(trPJ1ffiOJL's¥:ff~1lf:~ m~~~!HIf TIff B"J~JE,.tItJ]j!~lJEJJlUi£** 1*1 0A(4.0.6-0 1*11*~,mLEl$JtJW-5t'it5c~.]!1gifJlIL *5R0A (4.0.6-1) * ~*1(*$:ml)(, M:R:1b(N . V. Nikitin) ~ ttl B"Jt~~± ~ {4 ~~~,~m~0A~~~E~~B"JoM:R:1b0APJ~rA~~:
4.0.6

'*

*ffl

Nd:::::;

1 1 -+-.--Nuxd Nuyd

«:

(4-0

A r:p N d-~{4!ffb rPJ h-tiit{l[ ; Nuxd,Nuyd-?j-JjJj1'1!flijrPJfJftfflr x !flij,y!flij, ~mffi~~.jJ~n~*~ cp( 1AiUJL,~n!PJ* ~~*~t~~IIIPJ*~)Foa9{;JL.,5tff~.JJi&it{l[; Nuxd CPxAfcd' Nuyd = = cpyAfcd ,Jt9=t A 1'1~1lf:~TIffTIff;fQ B"JfJtffj!ll-tiitu[; ,fcd Nuod-!flijJL'~ff~14 ,Jt1ffiOJL,~n~*~1g 1,/F~m*gru t~~n~, rj%, ~.fJ~n!PJ

re N

uxd v

N uyd~ N uod1-tA 0A

*~ cp

= 1; Nuod = Afcdo

(4-1) ,~" :::::; B"J ._ "tiA 5tr 5t-£J:5t£IJ*~

Nd:::::; - +--1 cpx CPy

Afcd'

~1~ : (4-2)

50 -

tE051:(4-2)

*,;:d

~,-TJ!PI1-itfr*~051:(4.0.6-l)o

:k-Tm1lJJ051:lWiti£,

1lJ~~ff-~~±fJiUntV~±~~~5.9 -=pJ?( 20011f: 3 Ji {~:fttr7j(~~m~:X1J*ftl~"~ %tltW:zy_tnJ~;L'stffi.@1*~~it.1J~I¥J1jlf~"-)(o *~051:(4.0.6-2)~(4.0.6-3) P3,~%ti:ii1~-r.w!!p)Jj{~JUl1051:(3.0.2-2) P3lWa, B~WJ 1*~;L,stffi.~nliiJ*f£o ~~$r\lxf-T~%tltOOf1J{4,jt~0Ajg
a

= 1 + (~/i)2O

jg7~m-T
0

01m:m~jJWI¥J~14t1tOO ,~1fJ~:frTJ_m~Jc~ 1- (e/ y)m, IlPjg~~_N.m0A(3.0.2-2) ,m',ffirrfr m ,:ff:k~~-t PI~f#J~~]m;~)ciJMij~:fm~ q:r{fJf~f1Jit)cJ'OCA~56itl:lJtOC*±) 50003-2001 ~mJ~ 5 .1.2 ~1fjIJ~o *~P3t1tOO@]~*~ ii ~f1J14jg~tltWa>t, ~m 4.0.6 gj;r:t31¥J iy 5(-~; ~t1J14"1etltOOat, 1lJ*~1-t~OO i«. EI"J@}~¥1~;!1n~tltOOm~~~ 5.1.4 ~~)ciJMJJm 4 ~,x;ftltOO~1t/F*lW:t5IfJf*, PI*f-:t5JtltOOlW@}~¥1~o .
4.0. 7

*~~P.~{GB

x"

y'

tfl{jE±~14fO$J1*f1J141¥J~;f..'5tffi.*~jJit~, !111rtH!j'!'I1:~~, ~IlJ*m ~ fiU -it.-Jr**o !1n*:ittA~JH1:~~, 1W~*~-3~to ®J1*~Etl1tiJR1iJRmli'Y**1m~~W Jtt ;tm~±)J!tlif§x;f7IH'#!Bt~~19J:,jt~1*'I1!BtMo §T~tEm'I1:~~, ®J1*EI"J*~jJit.0 A~Mm -Ttm{jE±~~ tfl~±~14~,L'5tffi.~1lJ:Jt!:ArJH1:~~, ~MiJ\~?ttJT , IlJkA iA ~st1liIREl"Jr!tnJJj\ZjJ00% jg~% ,~1liMjJ El"JiljJ ~!flbtnJjJfFmJ~Iil ,:(£1iJDk:~JL'~ 1lif1J{lJ:EI"J~fuJRWf,RM, IlJ7tmm!flblnJjJ1M!JL'~ e ,r&]g1-ittl~1liIRW~lti>L,~tltWIJL' !flblW~~ e , = e,ffHi~1liIRWf,RIJL'!!P-j'jT1-itl:l~1liJROOf,Ro 19751f:{0B*:mMrtiit~ m~~~ 3-2(~) ,,1W~Ifj({~B*,,01m,~r1J1ll1mm¥m13tit~_N.m~CH200-62( ArOOf*fiW$ k Ifj(CH200-62~m) ~ 566 ~,{tl!~±~f1Jtiit~]m~GB 50010-2002 ( kArMf4\{GB 50010-2002 ~]m;) )ffl~ A q:rA.2.1 ~ ,tI5*m~#1Jr!o ~OO{0B*m~13tit~]m;fiIf~ ~1JLjJ *ZJ&13titr! ~10.6.3. 1.5 9W~ rtt~ m TJtl!~*~jJ El"Jit. PI _Yi!., ~ 1'-jJ~:(£ IEr:t3r~JmmT1M!JL'~1li~1lJ:m:Am'I1:~~ El"J5sUjtit~ ?
4.0.8
0
J~

~;L'NEI¥J1fjIJJEM~L!t*~fj~jJt&~~~~o ~~JL'~$JVJ\Ht, E8T!5II¥J~¥rJH1: '11:~ ,tltOOmjJ~rtlJ~%1ff ,{E~tltWst1lio ~~JL.'~~*Ht, tltOO_t~!flbJitJjJ!gt:@-{Mtl :ii1~l¥JfumjJ~/J\ ,*EE~fu~?VJ1~¥U~11L; :(£:ilI!flBJitJjJf9!UJi1~ ,)J!UffMjJ:ff §T~~; ~ ~m:itI~I¥JMjJ*-T:t5IlW~lItJmm5j)jtB1 ,~tz:~~~o ~tr~~lW*~,~1liOOf,R~ 74n~/J\, fiIf~xt~~~fuOOfJ~I¥J~JL.'~it~74n~/J\, f9!~~1li$?tJt.:ff fiU$~1li'I1:19J:,rtt Bt*~jJ:ffEff~~o {GB50003-2001 ~_N.m~m gj;~~JE!fIIJJitJjJ~JL'llE~mmii 0.6y 5.1.5 (y jg.~JL.'BttltOO!ti>L.'~-&6Jr.'-JrInJ.OO:ii1~~~, ~rfPJ) :t5I~f1J~iq:tl:IlJ\1~~,{E~~~)jtmT1£1fjIJo lE1Itf9!mt&~~~~*mfilf~f,T-ft-m, ;tt{j[~~t&~~fiIf~1¥J 0.5 - 0.61if ,§T~ ~~Tt&~~~1¥J 0.5 - o. 61ifBtttlFl~~I¥J~ - 51 4.0.9
0

JL,HEit7g1~jiH,' ~LH![ rOO ~L iiUc -.@15\~ga , HEEB ° Wm 1t1}[1M~FJfL iitfc 70 1f:1-t ~Wf*15\~, ~ e~O. 7y at ,1Jo~3I O. 71!flU&fpj~iliJm~~;~-=.rk~~itl;t¥mijt±m %l\G1ii15\~, ~ e = O. 6y at ,:bn~3I 0.565 ffit&~ffl~iliJm~~o ~~OOjtHJl!.m:~;f1ffi8JL'HE ~LHa ~Jl!.JEJJf.JJl!. ilVJ EB , m JE71m8 HE~LH![ * ~Jt'.m m ffl ~~Jt'.mJJt'.JE° JL' , 1JJ JAl\GOOEBtJL1IDFTiw'JE1(3t*ZJ&= yle(_m~0~1Jf~£j£~i}jHt~Je,m:}JfJ k 024-85 ~ 3.4. 11R-) e = O. 6y fO e = O. 7 y at ,:tm~ itl\GWtJL1ir, 1tMllw'JE1(~*~ k = yI O. 6y = 1. 67 fO k = ylO. 7y = 1.43 L1iiJAmffi51illt,,~ti: ,~OO~JE-=.1'-jJootffiif~ J;&:, 4.0. 9 EBMJL'HE!5I.liR~~m * EB° ~.@~~mYii JiU~U!m:* 3. O. 2-1 ?J&1il,s ";ltfmga:MJ"BJc:§j" =t,/J\~t~mWl" -1&0 i ! 9, JJjU!lm:~ 3.0.2-1lk.tmrW:lf* CH200-62~Jl!.m:}~5781R-~T¥m{j!±:MJf4~1irfR~~/J\ T 0.05%mmJat ,-MJL'HEPJ:It:bnO.ly EB~!JE,*~Jl!.m:{)}TmJtlo

*:

*~,~

~f'igf4l\G1iiEB~rPJiJ t~!Bt/J\ffiJMJL'HEe t~!Bt:k, ,~IH1:7~ 4. o. 9 ~Jl!.JEEBl5&m at ,{[l\G1ii~tLJiIlf:ffPJ~~/J\TtJL~ttr51illt~itmo ([~~'t.t£r, PJ**1R-nttrit.o **1R-~JEi&bt,gaf'ig~~ili~~~,~Jtttf!~1W~Ji:i:i~&ifttl1m8JL'HEEB1J\~*t£ilVJga f'igEB~~o
4.0.10

*1R-~mfflT¥Fe{j!±l\G1iiftU$~ffio *1R-0j\;(4.0.11-l) !:§j~JfG062 ~Jt'.m:} 0j\;(5. 3.1)-1&, Jt9=t*ZJ& o. 9 ~m~~~tFe~±~~ltdtFe~± i&tit~Jt'.m} (GB 5001o--2(02)~~ A,A. 5 .11R-t!1:ff~{PJ~ J;&:o1Jf¥iJgaf'igEBWf*~1iiJlo*~ftU$~ff, 1itr {[;It L ~1}[ - ~tFeijt± ,:t£tFe.±L 1iiEB ffiJ r:J 45°:Jjmciff raJ "F ?t~ ,?t~ Ja EB 51illt ffiJ ~ JJtr:kT 1iJJJ1* EB 51illti&titm °
4.0.11

:fiflifO¥m{j!±~~atl¥J*~~~iJ ,**1R-EJf~0j\;(4.0.12)it., Jffi~Jl!. if§ M EBit. 0j\;~~ ffiJ epJffi~Jl!. m:9=t m:0A (3 . 0 .6) 7g:
4.0.12

*,

1!<0j\;JikIiJ (4-3)

LA9=t ffl*Jf-l-5£lt~itmftmdit~

RtzlY

m,#it Atri=~gaf'ig:l:~ff*~

Yo,1~: (4-4)

YOMd ~ Wftmd

$IDr~~jJEBg1iir~f4, EET/FIPJ~jJIDr~~f4EB~UIltf!:t£/FltJT1t1t, ~.tItJJtr7tJJtl ~.~IPJIDr~EB~~~jJ ° X;fT'.l6{9!*fflJJtrjJ~11OEB:tmir,~JJlIlM!!I~JBtri=~JEB1EBJJtrjJ1mtl 15\,tIL IlJfflit.1itriJ 1¥J1J1!,1Itat ftliJ ~mPJ1ltru15\atfJf-l-5£lt~it1il1¥J O.751! ° fJfl5jlt~ ltmPJ llHi1mtl15\B11¥J~~J1t~LjJ51illt~lFe.±:fl.jJ51illtx1P.~*~m:ffi!kfJf-li&!:itm*1~ ° - 52 4.0.14

:JG~m;fQXJ(~m. §frJ$*j:mll1*m3tiJit. Jj!;t1fliit::f-MESBJf1I::tf~, 00 ~:Mjk.H*m3tiJ~mo *~xif5G®tm;fQXJ(®tmES1f~~J!!}E.:MjJ.2,{1Jm~j]~fl,/f-~m'E ~mk~~ES~~~fflomk~~~m~~~~mm,mJ.2,{~mmk~~~mll~~~ ~ffl,lItatm~±mli.!=jm1:~~~~~1*~~it.;-tlLmft(1*mit •. /F~m~(ri](~EIB f WI*J )*gm ttxif~14*~iJ~nlP], :tUl*~.N.m~ .1.4 ~~ 2 ~~ 1) ,2)IJiBJfJ£o 5 ljjjJ.N. 4. 2. 1~. xif/f-IPJ Jlf,f1£~ m ~J3l ffixif~* at m /F ~ m 5!J! lliJm~ ~.N.JJ:: m:~ ~ , tl: , ~~~.N.JJ::* § rru~~01m, ~1mf3f~liit~.N.m.1: 1'-tttg2.50 1f:*-1l~~ 00 01m, ~1mm mBJf*fflo 0~mt1fliit§ k1!U2. 60 iF1-tkJ:§JjJt*fflmmliit::f-MESit.ffl*.~.®it .ffl~:Mjit A5!J!tEffi~ §TkJ:*~.N.m/F~)jjU.N.m~ 4.2.1 ~1*J1;JtlAo ffijH.m¥m~J¥ , J3l*, §!t **, ~P~Jlf,f1£/J\, 5''lYilli~{J}/f-PJ ~m, ffijJljU.N.m~4.2. 1 ~~~.N.JJ::~ EE -=f.l; ttU2. 40 1f:1-t3tit.tt*~MJ~ffij~~-.®raHt, 'i5t1f&\~~7XJtlAo
5.1.1
0

~,/J\Jlf,f1£~f~~m~f, PJ*ffl~m~.ilimJlf,f 114,~/F~m5!J!'tEffi~at~ § !tffiiJ~~jH~.??t1§"~~m!fJB~~ m ; xt-=f~!l~~m~m, -tlLPJ fflmB*PJfi1JL*J3l~§ .WJ3l~mm.~*J3l~§!t~~~~mmm.~~mo~.JJ::m!fJB*~rru,~*~~ m~~~,mm;fQmJjip~~~~JLfilJ~~,~FnIi~W:.lifij~m!fJB*~o ~mtmtEmm, mB*P~ 114 m~5lt,m!fIB~~/F~m5"tElli~~ § .ff.iJ~!t~ ,Jt1~~J~JJ!U1fBJfifiU~o {E 114 mJlf,f!tmJJ!P;fd:, IE-=fJtlmtz~:I:~*. § :m:ffijJ~$ifiU~tEm!flij~~ r, w 1/4 m ~!tm]J!;fd:, § !tlliiJ~$ifiU~~m!fJB&:ikJ:ko :tzo*~mk~ifiU~~nlP] ,*tHm~.®it.* ajJ .mJJ*lJ$~~iE~9;E ,mTV!$~~fiJ. ~m, ~Nit:fuf~~fflr~mHtP\mTV!ES~m1JrtJffi Ii BJf J:,:tzIl*ifiU~/f- , 1±kJ£'t~t£ 'F /f-~ m m~ ~ PIP] , Xif-=fmTV!, k * mJJ*lJt!5/f- /F tlJ ~1f ~nli!lo
5.1.2
0

g~/f-~J.!t5!t!'tElli~~ § :mff.iJ~~fj, ~§~1¥ifl3 ~ ~m~~, J!~~1¥~1jHllJ~. m]J!,mB!P~lliiJ~~~7~,Jt1~~J~*~~±&j?=j:t&*3&~~o ~#~~~-tlL~liit§T *1'130 *~1£~m~mf3fmz1t~m!fIB&:i.~tE~1'-Mrf)[(·EJJ!MEIMrf)[)3tj]~~Jli~.~~

53 -

~~m!fIB~~~-::tf~~:tE*fi~JJ::~~1f~m~~~~§,ffl~~~.ili~m*

*::tfW~iJ~*ott~m~~.M*1'-mt£~m,W: •.~mm •• W;fQmk.~~I~

imJm,1ffJJ-1'":iif!agtJUru~1J~ 'ti3_ffn~::frtJ~~ ~1jUru~jC~m~ *R.!fl£m1Jf1r~mtg_ffn~~~tjHliJ~51 ®fpf_~Mo 9=t JJ\R.!f12tjHff,~llfrJElfJ£,ft~lL~m~, rtJ~::f~m't.i3_ffn~~~m$

0 0

~1J1~agffl~~Mo

:(£'t.i3_fF}lrfag~,"'[j:ff~ ,51jffi~'"'[j:=t Jt:_'1J 9 -1'"tLn ~,"'[j:ff~#f~3&m$~ rtrf ifiU~,JA mJ51jffiT l~ftbo5&1&, 1996 4=~ 6 MfH0B!}5k;tElf_X1JJtf11{xf5CfXm~,"'[j:ff~ Elf51®agm$ifiU~~n~ag~i>j)-:>C%fJT, EET5,"'[j:&~51®m4ltl~~~rm~3&agm$~ ~~~~f~jg5ijitt&~tz:~ ag~~ag 0.2%, Elf~,-~IlJ~~ m_tJfm~~ I¥J~~~

m4ltl~~~rm51®[)#1Jn~M,
5.1.3

m.1t*~,Jm~±1&~fU~1t~12SI

~ ,-ttL rtJ51~m!fIB~ifiU~ Jtm~/J\, -~PI::f~mlltrm~~~njlij

EE _tJ£12SI T ~-ttL~3&1¥J
0

~mtrtm;fJfEX:m_tjl1JLjgm~~~ag~Jll~m;fJf, EE TJt#A*il1nJm-f*'[j:t3t~, JJD~f5]~mm~PIf5]?:j%1flT~~o XfTm__t~~jJWx{Ji(~)-f**I¥J~Jll~m;fJf, ~ *mitAf~* .Hm~1iiI::fmlim:oo:m:~~~~, M~ mm~ag~InJ::f:t!g?:j%1ii ,~t:JjU~. lnJ:m-m_tjl1JLl¥Jift_t~~#~ili ,m~ag~:t!g~%1iijtjg~~
0

m!ll~~~1tiEX:~~OOBiIffo m!llHJ1'"~1tiag~~ M ,$lnJn N, {ffiUJt:_'Re e (e = M/N)m~~~o jgTfj!lIff{;JL'S¥:&0~#mTm,~p,fU5Ulm:m 3.0.2 *~11E,1J3 %~tJjgmag~OO5£J3t~jffUmagm-f*"5£J3t-~lE"~.D ~w;jrm~. ~ L~Jlmm 4.2.7 ~xf M, #fF T m~1~iE , ~mm~ag1J **_jJitjf ag~llE ~1JS* ~lm0j:\; (4.0.5) , (4.0.8-1)~J~ (17tl~ll~m~1nJ ag~Jt:_'IEEfU*£IB t~~Pjlij), ~MJ_w~jfag~ J~%JjUiJlI!ij~ll
5.1.4
0

~:

1 mag~OO5jJ3t~;M:M;(£*S¥:iJ::fflj~OO:itt1To mUlmm 4.2. 5 ~~U1J M~jfag ~OOo EET!5Imm~*~~oom,JtS¥:iJ::ffiJ~OOjgmjJtp,mJJ!,m~ 114~ 3/8,~B jg-~EIf~i,R ,EIf~~:>CI*J~WfljlEM~.~OO, 1iitatPI~~1iit;.fUit.~{Lf:, t:l1TfifrI 1Em~~.il!tOO 5jJ3t~.at&~m*il!tOOag~lnJiJ;.fUfAfflJt:_'IEExf*~jJ ag~PjIij,*£IB t~ xf*_iJ~njIij::fT~m ,XfT1iWf*~~,:ft0~(4.0.6-2), (4.0.6-3) I*J,/3x,/3y PI~1E/J\T 3lfZ1'13;xfTtm~±~~ ,;(£0:ct:(4.0. 8-3) ,(4.0.8-6) I*J.cp lfZjg 1.0 ml¥J~1ti5jJ3t~ jf~~ mml¥J*il!too I*J]~~, lfZJtS¥:iJt3tjg ~flJ~7tJjIJT IV;~., ElfIV; ~~ mS¥:iJ ~flJ j f ~OO4ltlInJiJ;.fUMJt:_'IEExf*_iJ~p~,rm::f~m*gm t~xf*_jJ ag~PjIij,i!f9!U:m-liJ3t11titS¥: ag::fflj lEI -ttLPI ~ iJl. 1::!§magm-f*"5jJ3t-~lE"~jfif§1Lf~ ~ JE, ~ ::ffiJ I¥J~
0
0

mS¥:n

1'"1JOO

2 magm-f*"5£J3t-~JE"~.~#fm~.jglIff,fti:lIff*~iJit.0:ct:~.ml¥J ~Jf::-1'"ili{p_{agm1fJlIff1J7* ,EIf~1::~mT ~Jt:_'IEE;.fU*£IB tt~m~n~o EET mmjJ1iff,~mJ1.~~*mlPJ-1'"I¥J!fIBlnJn ,ifiUJt:_'IEEfU~OOo xfT$rPJn*m~*~0A (5.1.4) ,Jtmlli:{p_{Tit.fpf~~ ~il!toov-:t!g!ftlllnJjJ 0~(5 .1. 4) I*Jmag7j(v-miJ1iit - 54 -

*_iJ

m@: tlHJ&fttn ~ plfiJ~ 1ff ~ , >1tlR:ft::k7j( ~fttfJ ts 1/4 ~5lta9~~~~0A(5.1.4)it.FJf~~$rtJJJ

ts~±!g1iJL'REo

~>tr{.fiO JL'He, JJlU ~ :ft::k7j( 1JZ-ftEJJ l§@: *113 ,}t«rj=jJ~iA~J&4Hl~m~;ltg!fil1rtJJJ

mlll:tm~~*~J.m:~ 5.1.1 ~*rm_tJl$t !::i1f*~1fffla9~{tt,mmltE~rtJ (~!lIt~ mpg) ~~m_tJ!$t~"J*8}tIlJ~it~rtJ*!BI t~X>t*~JJ a9~PIfiJ litat ,®]f*mllJ 4;-~rtJ* gm [Jy /J\r 3lR~ 3,{BtEmlll.rtJ (~!lIt5JLOO>'r t~ )*&:ff~"J*, IBIlit1J3M~mtlrtJ*!BI t~ ,ex xf*~jJ ~~PIfiJ;tl'P.~±m~rtalR ([J = 1,firtJtEit.~!lIt*Jj{ ([J atlRm*lI.rPJ~* gm~o~~m_tm$t~mlll.~1fffl~#~,~~tEm_tm$t~~m~OO~ •• ~1ffflo ~IIDr~,tEm_tm$t~~frJ~FJf:ffm_tJ!$t~ §m:lk:btIfiij'~1fffl~, 7ttg~.**m~ jJffij~tg~ •• ~1fffl~jJ 3 ~m~. ~1ttf ,m~~rtJ (~1iB 5JLiipg) Sj. rtJ(~!lIt 5JLii5rr) ~~. I I Jj{~ ~ , Jt~.~1ttf~it.*J3t7tjJljft~~Q~ : l)m~~rPJit.*J3t ttH~~m~iEtit~*~J.m:}TB l0002.1-99(VJ.~mJ~<TB 10002.1-99 ~J.m})~ 5. 2.13 ~ ,mag~rtJ (1ti3~1JZ-1ii1*J )~JEit.*~ t, ~0A:(5-1)it.:
0
0

(5-1) ~ r:p
l-fjHl~~~~;

f-mag*~; k-~~ 5-1lRffl

m~~~

f/1=0.1
k I.

f/1=0.2 la 0.36La 0.53 L. 0.59 La

k 101.0

[/L =0.3
i, k 115.0

la 0.391 0.59 I 0.62 I

i. 0.45 1 0.71 I 0.71 I

la 0.37 L. 0.58 L. 0.58 La

X~*
~~* ~~*

ro.7
28.5

0.361 0.531 0.591

0.36 La 0.54 L. 0.57 La

45.5 39.6

46.5 46.5

22.5

r±: L. jg*fIlI~*lto

0A(5-1)~r<frJ$1f* CH200-6215W.m}~ ~lk~ 411~~ 19651f:*OO*±#Jiu<m 206 ~~~Sj ~~}~ 87 :vr ,Rdli:!JI!l!WJ ~ m~;ltg 1ff fiij' a9lfaj JiL 7j( 1f tiJJ 0 Aft ~ tfu~a9 Ef3 ~ T0Jmmm~~"litOO$~,fiij'~-tfL~F:i:5]1ff1i1f~,FJT~M*~:tm~ _t;l£0A:fflrf:i:5]$rPJ jJftffl~a9w..rPJ~JE~~o f&W~ 5-1,mlllw..rPJ~JEit~*J3t, -~*,~~ml!17GfXm 7tjJljlRffl0.58La,0.54La ~ 0. 36Lao J!.@~JEm, § _titHe 50 1f:1-t~*, -1t~~ ,11, tltti±mFJT*ffl, 1975~<0"m$r~it~J.mJ~flfl113rmjJHmti±m;fQflXJmo ~T~liE ~.@~J.JEUl,19751f:<0"m~~it~J.m:}~ 5.18 ~~)c~lY'Jffl[QiJ5Ill*~1£rPJ:i:5]1t1fpf~~ ts'I$jj!.{.ij'~fF7 t~tgt, J'tit~m~ll~ 5-20 - 55 0

fit

1/10 0.356L. 0.508L. 0.595L.

0

1/5 0.362L. 0.516L. 0.585L.

1/3 0.378L" 0.54OL. 0.580L.

:x~m

~~m ~~m
tl:: L.1gm~~*ll

*- 5-2~*fJHI~rlai~V-:M]~rPJjJfft~tJul~1W ~*~_mm~_mJ:ElWlt.*Jjt~Jlio ,J'J;{R

(0~~it¥Hlt:1jH)f(_.tflfr) (1978) }0j\(9-12),

2HJHs«t rPJlt~ *1t mnW7GfJt~;(£:1tg;fjJ12rtJfirr~f'FJtrF (5-2) lW.rPJ~JErlai:W- 1'1: jJ Ncr =

kE

b__

E-fJUJ;.{E:-t5iti'I1:~~UI: ; k-~fl, jt;{R ~ IEsJlUJtIWJr.'jij a (~M1tlt):ff ~,Yt1* 5-30 IE

*5-3 ~ 1& k
ahr:

0.25 60.1

0.50
12.6

1.00 1.85

<f0A;(5-2) Ncr~T 1:rfJtt3::~1rffllfu:W-J Ncr= j

7[2

E ~,Iit.rJtIlJ.ili

lo =

rt:

1f7k,

4l-#~~t~~7C~l&mlW.rPJ~J:Elt.*Jjt 10 :tm*~* 5.1.4BJT$0 19751f:O!k~Ifitt#~m}~=.~ 2-317~ ,xrTmlWtirPJ (V-lif~~)IW~J:E ,j~j)(. ~~~~m~1'1*1t~Tm~*1t~1rff*h*~0~~~~~~;(£0~m~~*~~ mo ~~t'i1*5.1.4 ~it~*1t lo,t3::~Tm~~*1t~~~tifij~t3::~fl 0.50 XrTm~ m,IlJ~~~~~m~1'1*1t.rm~*1t~1rff*h*~,m~m1'1m~~*1t~~ 1.00 4 ~T1t~lifmlil;(£mlW.f*"~j1t-~JE"~~~~~OOJl)t1«fil]m, llJ*mm~~ ~~{-t~oo'm'l1:m~~,m#:tmr :~-*"~mIilSJll*Jl)t1r1'1-faJ~~,fJ}JOC-~1~;f§IPJB9 •• liffaJ~~,;(£~1f]i!!f~~~:bo~-.lli:.~ jJ, ~t~,~~Jjt1lt.rJt;f§.Bt ,J;§"1fIWt8!tt m~~1'1.m~~~~ft~oomttmo1t~OOmlil-.JOC~X1t.,~IlJJl)t1t.~.o litT.1twc:.1t&':ff-~;(£~m1'1J:E1«,Jj-~m/Fxt§*1i~'l:3!ttm1i*14ilio 5 2 ~~ 3)JY!,~mlil_1t~TWC:*T 1120lt~~12Bt, 1lJ/F~,Ltt.rPJ*~ t~~P!PJWC:.rPJ~)E, ~~mm)]U~t'i1~ 4.2.2 ~~~JEo ~JY!~~)E-1r1'10~'\ l!kIm~mJ9f *mo §MB~m~~, Mr¥irwrtv:xR:1FR:~X~t~1'1 1130,Mr¥irwrtv:XJj-~*~wr ~ 1%~1'1 1I32.5,~OOl!kImftfnJ~1'1 1126.67,BJT~JA~~~jijJjt*~ ,mIilXJjt.rYl - 56 -

*~~

5.1. 6

,~,lU w

**ill- m)Jj!JJ~H'l1m4. 2*~!~JS£ tt~tJf _ttl (P] Xtj]at , 1m Jt~~tJf 2. J

0

ttl ,:(£11!.H~IW }lD'tffii7j( ~ 1I~_t

Mlw

v-

nw 1Iii1J1Iiiij'.1g f

q 1w=

JiJT~ JXlJJ 1~) ,:Jt

(l

19tt~~

Ii!lJ£!liffl~~1g

= qlwf; ;:(£1J~HJ).H9!!£(P]~W~_t~1Iii1J1Ii{iij.JgQ2w = ~(f Jgtt.~

M2w = q2W~0

(Wi) ,:Jt~J£~~~Jg

tt.~JL..'JJat

,$~~mJtl$f*H:.,j]

1i!l!liffl7j(flI~_t1Wi1J1Iifiij'.JgQlc=

f ,Jt~J£!liffl~~Jg
fO

ttl ,fFmT
§

Mlc = Qlc:;;fFJ1Ff!!£(P]~W
M2

EB~H9~9=tfiij'.Jg P/2,jf;~J£~~~Jg M2c = P Ml == Mlw + M1c' A**0:a:(5 .1. 7) ~PI:tJ1~JU~lITHB~fOOH9mHiP~OO~m M

0

= M2w + M2c,1~

$~JGtJ(mm~lJf~m:f1iHXJtloc ~±ttHJcft~lj .ocz tfj:kT 37 at, PJM 1t1g.~JGtJ(fJHt. t1iH0~Nlt~M (_t:Jjfr } ( 1978if) ) 7-5lU_:rOO~<mmJimtt.}* 5-7, ~mff(l)!mit.~tlJjIj*14~~:tm* 5-4 JiJT~ ff(
5.1. 7 **ill-m)JKJsW.mm4.2.9*~_N.J£o

*~~J£,

,mm

mJ1-tJ§;ffltJg it~floc

95%

*
0

5-4

~#tncljatJHt#a9i.t.*RJj£
0.95 >37.0 ;:.38.0 0.90 > 17.1 ;:.18.0 0.85 > 10.3 ;:.11.3 0.80 >7.1 ;:.8.0

0.98
-

t$: ,mlXltlfft

~t

m~¥:JlIt :l!fJHt~

;:.98.0

**ill-mW:~_N.mm4.2.8*~J£o :i!lJf~J£ § 19751f:<0lil*mMJNit~_N.m}~ ~ ,-1Iill- m tl%~±mm;f!J1:tmmH9tl%~±!&~lUilffi.oc1t:1-t~~JlIIlt., ~ mtl%iJt±5fO@J f*1W1*~~ntnJ.J;ili:gc.IW~_N.mli~fFm1f~~~J£lUi~~, M~ft~B:!,m~: $~JtitIk[I]~i5C EBTMltJiJTi5I®IW~mlU$ibrPlJJ,~ 0.5 $~Jt~[2JiA1g ,t!eiJt±m:(£~~:Ql*H9mJJtlUmHiP.OO, :(£~-@ltl*.oc~Tmlll. OOf.fj H9mIE~ ,~H1:~%i5ii* J3t m, !It Bt~-'m '11:,~,~% It~T ~-"11:~% It 891mfif J! l$,fi!tttx1tAJiH9mJJ~Tff(~¥'l1:it.JiJT1~ 3 - 5 fffo 1Z5J1It,jli5a!e~±H9tAJiMj];f!Jt!e .±!&~MJJlt.atEt9~¥·limit*m~ffi~¥'lim:i:Et9 0.6251iL $~XIWt[3JiAJg:EmmW(;tlt~±m, ~~p~ffifKMttt$iq:lll:;[~)t¥ljmBit&~~, ~ JJtU~~7f~o 1Z5J!It,Jli){'~1~/J'T 25m 89mm~ittAOCJllIjJ ,**-tvJli){'1I:fltJ~1289 :ommlUt!eiJt±mm ,&!Ji~BiMJJ ,/F itmMJJ $~X~[ 4J~_N.J£, ~1~~TW(;/J'T 25m 13.~~ t~~TW(;:kT 1/6 lW:Emm, tAJiM j]llJtJT~-*o 1 1*~fFffl~tmiJt±!&mr~MtJT~*~ - 57
5.1.8
0

t~~±E81*1t ~lj~jm**~tJJ 0 t~tjt±E8lj~jm5IjIQ 7t~~±F~~jJ, t~~±~~ jJWF~.tt~%~1*1to~WW~~~ffili~ffl~~.0 ~~~101&~~~iEmj~~btl*J~:M3ffi~, EBlit1*1t1Oljt~iE5!)itE9=tJL.'~F~7j(~ tijJ 0 1&.: £n-t~~±~gf&.1&~~1tUl ; £(t)-;frstfBJ t stff<J1&~~~Ul; ({In-1~Wt±1*~gf&.l1:at~1*1t*~ ; ({J(t)-tEatrBJ t atE8t~~±1*1t*~o ~~)(~[5J~ 117 IJr~$"1*~*~-strBJ" ~"1&~~1t-atra]"!HJ~~~ffi{pJo ~lit iEatrBJ t at1feWt±~ljt~~1t~:
(5-3)

1&. Hn-/f-~m1*1t~pjlij~t~Wt±1&~tE5ij!tt9=tJL.'~F~~7j(~ftjJ; H(t)-~m1*~~pjlijJa ,iEstfBJ t StEBT1ftWt±ljt~iE5$fE9=tJL.'~F~~7j(~tijJ; o22-tE 5$'1j:9=t EB lfi{luj( ~ jJ 51jIQ~ 7j(~lli: ~ 0 JL.,5lt T iii T t~Wt±iiE E8lj~jfiV~1tUl£n,tE 5' 'Ij: 9=t 51® E87j(1fL1iI~ .1£ 1.;: IL.'?JT
(5-4)

A9=t l-m~it.~120 EBTtfetjt±ljt~ ,tE5ij!'lj:9=t,L.'9.tJj(1fLtijJ n(1!l5-1)~: H (5-5) kJl:MmJJtlJffix;f7tJfst.1£ 7giE%,~;<:~~%o 1&~19!~12~%t,1.I3E13TMmJJtlJ~ 1!1I1~YW,/f-1fti9;~Lffix;f7IHjf~mJJtlJ7t* T ,iiJc .1£ ~iE %, u, 7g~ %, ~7FfFffljJjJrPJ _!:ij m (5-1)7FjJrPJifl~J&0 ~iE*7t~iE~-at~l*Jm.±~1*~101&ti ffili fF ffl ~ '11H5l 0 ~iEat fBJt ¥U t + .1t I*J,5$'1j:9=tJL.' ~ iii T 1*1t 1O1&ti ffi 1f.~ ffl ?JT 51jIQ~ 7](1fL jJ H it L (t)bt H(t) +dH(t)(m 5-1)0 tEi1uJ,atrBJ d(t)l*J, EBT1&tijJ~:It. dH( t) ,iE5!)i'lj:9=tJL.'?JT51®~7j( rn~l flli:~7g dH( t ): 0220 tE at raJ t I*J, iii T 5' 'Ij: 9=tL.' F ~ ~ 7](1fL jJ IB m H( t) ~~ffl, 19!mtE dt atfBJ:ijf{.:i:1:l¥9=tF~~1*~7g H( t ) • 022' d({J t ) 0 Jt9=t d({J( 7g ( t) dt atfBJ~1*~*~o tE dt stfBJI*J,EBT1fe.±1&ti19!m F~~~{lL eCdt)7g:
£(dt)

~~.~m~m.±~.~_tt
(5-6)

=.1£
-

dp(t)

({In

£n1d({J(t)
pn

EBTtE1&~101*1t:i:1:l¥9=t~~~~7g-~.~,~litl:~~~*~lli:.~ft~107g
58 -

~,EI3lttq~iU~%jJW:rX;:
dH(t) • 022 + H(t) • 022' dcp(t) l + €n dcp(t) cpn
=

(5-7)

~atrEijjg~at,

Ll5!jm§TiJl/-EMfJ~rPJjJmjg~o ~1fJJ~if~1tfjg:

El3ltt1~iU1Jl*jJW:A;

I¥J. jg :
-

t=

H( t ) = 0

H( t) = - ~

cpn022

[1 - e -<pet)

(5-8)

EST

Hn=

- ~~

,Me

022=

~~1-tA_tj:\;(5-8H~,
H(t)
= H; [
-=-1 _-

». : (_t ) ] .
cpn

(5-9)

(5-10)

tm~±:M:~~1t*fx, 1:37j(ve5b#*'t~%,7j(1ktl::,7j(ve~~jLtltmLR + ,~4>f§x-t tl.l!C 1Jn~~M~~:* ~~m:fJHI~m)]U~m:~ ~HM$lf*CH200-62 ~m:~ ~ ~ 5fIl{~ /\ JIiI ~ ~jf, tmmjJt~H~if±~i5l.a<J}!i)O~J£a<Jcpn = 2.0, ttl:0:rX;(5-1O)1~ 11 = 0.450 J3:fF, , JEl¥Jit.tmfjt±t&3fii~tMattJT~*~Jg 0.451J1~~0 :i!1'-~m~mT~IE::k~*1f-¥

,*

~~~m~~

:t5];ffix-ti~Jjt

55% - 80%:lmrR ;X>jT~~:lmrR

,JJ!IJ1mUT~~o

2 ~~~mrm~~~~mtJT~*~ mlt~1t~ft.t~mt±1&3fiijj~¥-F1~~ltt1-T, 'E~&t:~-if!i~lttfr 0 ftHm~1-tJ-'it, ~ lftm~±~~ fJ9~*, it.iHJjt~1tatl¥J~~~ptnJ~~IJ~~ 0 it.~~x-tYHJjt~ntnJBt, ~~ Jt~[6Jmi)(~1t*~ CPt *m~;flH~1t*~ cpn fJ90.251if, E!P CPt = 0.25 x 2 = 0.5,JltBttt( %:A;(5-1O),1I = O. 7870 ltt~~, 1975if{0~m~t1ut~1m:~~1WIJat, ~rli~ll!~~N~~¥ ~~( B~1 HLUi~~)(~[7J:*T~~x;fr!!lt~1tl¥Ji3nrnJ l¥Jit~ltt1T*41jJfJi5flliJt., }!i5l. iff~*~~ 0.62 - 0.650 ~1tt:l_t:Ift5L,*~17l11J1mm@JlmJ~JE,~1tx-tt!!Jjt5t1t~M O. 7 tFf~*fxo t:l_t~~~~m.±mfJ9m.±1&.~m,m~~~~~a<J~~o~T~Em~~ tltfjt±fPl1WlJ:§1(m1*mm, JttR~fJ9mtt1t% I:3tlt.± ~~'~ml:~f~, §T I)J ,_t~1JT~*~ &~mTEm~~m.±fPl~*m~mmo *~~~X~: [1] {~aBmm~(19711f); [2J K.C :fL;1(1I!m1c{*£ml:1m.±m~~; [3] r. IT. JJU31tl1J!31tl{tjf~f!{W}; [4J ~OO 19551f~~m{DIN1075>; 59 -

*t:l

[5J 5iEtxPf{fJim1Jtll~±~~}(1959~); [6J H.E. E l- W.'i!{fJiM1Jmintll~±tJf~U_!li-t: [7J H. X. jmJ.!A.Y11H~<.1£Jlit9=t~-=frii]~}0 ~l*JjHg~,rm~~Jt!!.~1,*~{4WJE,J]H.fm~ In:i1B g~ PIfil¥J ,ia ~x1rrIffi.~~1t~~~~Jt!!.g,
5.1.9 5.1.10

~it~};

4.2.10 ~JE~.soc 1tffIill -=f~1Jo0

,x1r~1,*t'il

*~mJtH~J.fm~4.2.12~1¥J~~JEo

)]u~mttft-~tI~,mt.~Jl1*J]!EBiJi

I!FJ~Or0 w*~m~ 5.1.8 ~~)(iJiI!FJI*J~~)(~[5J~~, ~~-)tffij~IEJE~~,-)tffijjg~ ~~~, ~~~)tffij1t1:.m~a'f ,~ ,mtm~± 1*~ ~~~ m1*~I¥J~~)tffijffl:bOR1J I¥Jitm~ e-CPn;~-~~ml¥JmH!P2t1:.7j(1JZ1il~,~mtll~±~~l=3::f~m~~l¥Jffl1Jo7j(1JZ1t1J1n ml*J~9;El¥J tl:ffI1fL~ e -CPno -CPnJi!.~ e 5-5,;tt9=t cpn~~1e~f1i*~o

5-5

e -'P. {l
3.0
0.050

1.5
0.223

2.0

4.0 0.018

5.0
0.007

0.135

,JA~ 9=t I ~ w tf:l, ~ ,m~1eH1t~ l1:§ , ~ ~~m~E)tmH!P7j( 1JZ P m~W.F~1¥J ffl:boft m~11VJ\ 0 113~, 1*~~~ l1:'fIiJL +~I¥J MIS],jt9=t 7c$7ttEl1 ~ I*J t 7 nX:o~if.L!fm~Jtl!£*~W.F1:.I¥J~J~m~E)t7j(1JZUL~~2t1:.tE~i}[!fm7'GI~El¥J-1'-m EI1W1I*J ill*fflm~E)t7j( 1JZ1il~:3fM1¥'7'GnX:-¥Jtatraj l¥J~~* ~ CPtO at raj I¥J~ , litBt _ Ililf *,1*1eM:~JZHT ,!i§¥U1*1e~l1:at7f1lJ:It¥U cpnO~it*fflffImjg cpnlltffI*X CPng/J\o j k~m~~~-~ JEM~# •• ~tf:l*I¥JM*o~r~~&.JEM~,~.~ •• 1J~m~1E~EI¥J1JT~, PJ1~II'IJiWl¥J~* ,J9T~BPJ~flht*#Jm.JE~ifiJ ~~J9T~,~m~1e.~M~m~~1e:3fM1_¥.m~E)t*1JZUL~7'GnX:I¥J-¥Jtat~l¥J~ 1e*~ CPtO ~ CPt 0.7, e -CP, e -0.7 = 0.5,)]1UEfiffi~JI:€iiJl~I¥J~:t5]?Jm~E)ttJf€i7j( = 1JZ{ill$iJlJ:@l¥Jftffl5&m,1lJ*~1JT~*~ 0.50 .
e - CPn~O~-5 J9TlT5
0

*~

*~mm*~.fm~4.2.13~~.fJEo litJJ!~.fJE ~ 1975~(~~B!tJft£Ei~it~.fm}1rm ffl 0 mmEfi rfuj~iJl~l¥JiE:mfJa~I¥J!i7c~x;jffIZln-jiR.F~tEmJfI¥J 1140

5.1.11

ml¥J~Jfl:l:~~iHJ&:I:&~,Jt!!.£~14~f.¥j~, ~M~mM[II¥J~1t%W~0 ~~tt Jfl!7c)J!Um~*~ m ffIJfI!7c,mH!PNnf[It3tIIlXio *Jl4ftl:7cr 1I4I¥Jm~ff7j(1JZ1t1Jffix1t3t/J\ ,iam~~t3t* ,x1~JET-5f1j 0 ~Jl4ftl:/J\ r 1I8I¥Jm7j(1JZ1t1Jt3t7c, 5~tEffjmln~5c~ ,1Iffi.1l1e1t5&M1fL~:bO, ;jmlllln1$t€i~1Jif1 x - 60 5.2.1

/F~Jo J9f~ ,~f4fttlitE 114 -118 zfl3J~~o M.~jJsj1tlU~JE~it~m, ~/J\f4f12m ~~r,~f4fU~ 115 ~ 116 ~JgitJ!L ~m~$}lFf* ,::kf4ff£I¥.J~mHjtm, lNiJtrj!1}[ B ~$£m!1t,1JttJ!1A:§:m*:i1IT~::fff:fifj'tt§f~ m {i/FliJ:i::ko :Xi~~JJmIatm!ll §:m ttJliT~::fff{ilf~, mtB *f£/J\:ff~J TmllnID:I~jJ a ~J1lAmmtmm__tJt$LJ1lml¥.Jm~_tWI¥.J-@!~:Iflj,A.qill!~fft~M~If$£i~~ ~%.o~.mm~.kW~~.~,tE.mm~.kOO~~%~o~ ••• 1tw30mm,g)iIi'J~~:JtJE4m ,~nl!**,Wiw~ 1: l(£:l:tt)WC*JI¥.Jfj!*j:fJi,_t~f$)jjt~~Jj(1¥.J ~~mo~%.~m~~,~~~~ffl~~~~~~ffl~~1t~~~~®~,~mM±m 1I1¥.J~%o ~.~~~%.:ff~T±mllm~.1t~~,m.±~~.~.,~:ff~Tmkm1A: ~~±mlll¥.J~ft1'~ Sj~~sft1'~~%,:iM1tm_tm1}[tz:1:.~~o ~T~~~:fJiAm_t.1}[,mtE±mm~~~-~tt*~.ft~.~.o~m*ffl Jt11f?J!JJm, f9tl:tlUJfi(¥J1l ±mm~;{tt1Ltt, ffij~~~:fJi1I*fOOT.3 !tftAftm~iif,lltat ,~~m *mmi;b~~, ~m~±*~% ,jl1t12Sl±*~%rm~~X*!J1~tr5tftAf~OO3f~o
5.2.2

$fLmm:i!mfFfflHlf,-fLmm~$f~~~fL~t6!,=K~~tJft6!~,Nf~,Mff! m£EtlI¥.J1(~'libtJJmI~*'IfR,~k~it~m't.a~1f1rPJmjJ~~~I1Ii'Ji;bi$jJib16\~l¥.Jo ~M ~ 13:1¥.J~~~1r~:::::fL.3flifL~~Ji -1'-"~-fLfjUJf §IlW 1f1 rtJmjJ ~

5.2.3
a

fr$X±Jtf!~~mmtJf, -~*ffl5Gx~~1f!AAJm~nID:I, {9!mll~lf~~®~lW* HtV~m:it!!£~%o *fflXx~~lJiWlJm~JJmI, mil §I*:i1I~::fff:fifj'~,I2SIllt, ~f!~ mmtB*f£li/j\, tt~*llITiN!.~~ ( m ::: 1) ~*X±:it!!£mmtJf, EE T:it!!£5t%, x>tm1liP~Jg ~~J ~~m~nmtRH~ m tt::k ,;tt~%frmJe!f 1/4 ~1i~, sip.tt q:r 'L;' ~mJJ!lJffix>ttt~,f!1!m Jj!pEETitf!£~%IJI®fFffl~!ft::k,J9f~m$*f£1r/J\o $X±!It!.H~ffl:ilI~W~OCliT!ft to,~to~-.@flXJmJ*,U ,PJ~~*,Jl:U.3fJl ,:ijtsj~~ffi~~jJ
5.2. 4
a
0
0

F*!It!.1K I¥.JmtJf, E E TmL~~1t®J?'!~,*fJjIJ1f£~$M7j(3jL fJtt::k, J9T ~~lif~~ !JCJe!f t~~/J\lWm, ~m~mm$~*~tfEJx>t*~li::k, Jt'IfR Sj$X±!It!.¥~m~fJ},{o ~~ r~:(£s!li'lirp'L.\2t1:.Jj(1jZ-mjJ,1t:1Jom~iE~~;fOmJl!llfft~~(g~x>t{i) ,J9f~mlm~:(£ff£ Wtit::ft,~:9~~atJ1::kfFffl~@:o ff£$x1m_tm1}[~fJ~~J ,J1lm1r*ffl~~m~ ~ m, ~ (ti) AmLm1}[1r*fflMxga~ (~Jt~tJf W) x1rmJl!P ~mT9t f){J:1JossHttnID: fiij t:X ±.¥m~o**.3.~*~§m1liP~W*lli.jJ,;tt~~1f£~.~x~~am1liP. W,Jtrp~$~Km~*.OOW~rm~~.~::k~mo~*m~:(£mJl!ll.oo~m.o
5.2.5
0

B~*fUB~WmtJf~2tl£~rEijI¥.JJ11.~fH~~ili~WAInJ1f~,;ttJlRIN~m_tj'[ttfiIJf /F~)tr,iilW.rtJJt~tt~.~~*:J!~~Z ~,tJcmfaJ I¥.JJtt~mT-:1J05£, -E1.mml:m1X*fflj'[

5.2. 7 61 -

AAst1Jn~!l1m~~!itltfO~~JJt lIt5'~, m_tJ'LttMJM~1i:ftfj!JiBt1~, f9!m*ifS¥:t3t::kifI3;l!o Ef3r*f1f±*IIIJtJf$Jt11t7j(~, WWW;ft~$~*, ~~/J\1¥ j] ,J:ilIn:~il7j(lli.kA "F Ef<J ;f}ilkmi Jt1i I*J ft:it! , $IF fL J!;WttL JrJiJXl ,~ IJ\*ifI*J ~fffi1~ Bl ~ 7j( 7
0
0

*'

Jfu J:\:W;tff f3 filf~ 1AfU ff fF m t~~1& ~ , tUi JJM;ff jJj ~ , tl¥ ~ rBJ fEe fU R>t Er f1f~ fffi1JnWf01Jn~!l1, ttol~~~*1Jn~!l1~*~Ef<J~Ji, kAr)(~W;Ef<Js¥:j]
5 .2.8
0

5.2. 9 JJM~tl¥.mt±m II EX: BlifltJ III~ it, ~ ~ ifltJ ¥:JL IR ~¥l3f 1& , ~ ~~ {GB 50010m Sf 2002~JEmJffl~ A.2.1 ~,n:5t1ftIK~JiwGm;$/F/J\rfAJit~]if]iffREf<J O. 05% Ef<J~~m m; ,3m [;!;I5tj]~~rmi9:itEf<JmmJttL§1!:ft I*J
0

B ~J:ilIm*~~tB T -.@Jt.f*Ef<J1I!t.BlmJJtJfr!, PJ{LH!~II7F'tw {£ , :ft tfUE BlmJJt st~~f9!m JJM}j4f;ffIPJ RJI fF :it!-ti7iJi ~ * *rm:fljAm~Ef<JBlmJJt1l!t., _tttHc/'\ +:if1-t, W3f¥ji1fl1imtff,~,#iJ!i)CJg( 1125011800) I, I ~it~1Yf1~o [;!;IifJt-l-,M!!I7j(-~~n:~iWi, _t]£_t, rlStHJ.SBt~1ffiUiWi, J]UJEm:a ~(114OO - 118(0) I, J!7X1~iTst:it!-~~/J\~IJJt, r)(~( 11600- 1/8(0) 10 *r~mJJt~it,*~mffl~~;ff}j4f~~~m$*~~-~~~Ef<J~~o:ftmm¥ flfr(1978:if) I*JttL:ffill:~1!o 5tJi$0M5f41Vf*1VfJlEIT 1983:ifg~1VfJl: ~1t£-~,n:m~ 0.271 *JJt I*J,~~1t£*~, {EW;~ 0.1251 *JJt I*J,~F{S /F~tm*, Jj_ rmr [!!] , Mc/FfI}~m ffl~ B.0.2 ElTm#Ef<J~mJJt1iitJf1! ,fl(tIIft!lm~~Ji, 1£ lI4 ~~ O. 75B( B ~mJJttmm JJt) ,BlmJJtt3t::k, mE:r~Jm3t~nw:I, /Fmr:JC3t~nw:I; fl(mj]~n~~ Ef<J t~19~1ift,:ft lI4 ~~ 0.52B ,mmrm~M!!IfO:JC5l:~J1ID:lo
5.3.1
0 0 0

*~mffl~

±mlllkm_tJ!1fLnw:I1Jn~~*x1f*fO~jJ "x1f*" §ts#ArPJ f01t rPJ 1f*, it x ±ms¥:j]~~o "HJir"~*1Jn~IiI/F~iir~9=t ,nw:I7iIf~ffj]~{$U~m$~/F~ii $ ,~*III~]if$rPJj]1ffiUJL.'ffi!~/J\o x1r$tLmf1f;l±~~mJi*fFmJ;nfJiJ J1ID:I J:iII {rum M!!I~1t , tfU:EJLfIP /F fi:IJ Ef<J ®11fL~J¥ , J* f¥ itJ1. Ef<J Jf ~ , W x1 at ~~ JJID:I ~1£ ifltJ 00 :it!1i~£JJtfO~~~. ~ Jj- Jf]if ,1£JJID:lii~ 9=t J:iII ~atxJ,Q.19!~1£ifltJ III , m fO 1ieJJt,JM~ili JJM/Fx1f*~%fO~Y1JEJJt Ef<J iEfft1i£~1tfX~ $R*f1fJ:ilI~~mm.rPJ.j]~J;~o
5.3. 2
0
0

~*

~ifltJ~1tEf<Jffi:Ef~\@f*m R235( Q235)mMi(* I ~mMi) F~itmg1~1JnI Ef<JmMi,tL/F1~~m HR335flXlMi(* II ~mMi) ,HRB400flXlmJ(*Ill ~mMi) t ~)Jltlt~~1£ ffi ~ii~~(£J1fBWT *~~.N.JEJflt §{tl¥.~±~fAJ~it~.N.m}( GB50010-2oo2)~ 10.9. 8 ~ %ll{7j(Itl¥.~±~fAJ~it~.N.mJ(Dl/T5057-1996)~ 9.6.3 - 62 5.3.4
0
0

s:

6.1 -&~:iE

l{fiti1:i*J~tm~±Bi11JlJ~fflTf*tp!$,tB',:tm!$,tB'~OO- §_~1M~T£~,~J& _ .~~ili.&o.OO~«mffl~~~m~~,~~I~~~~~(0.m •• I~*.

6.1.1
m;} (ITJ 041-2(00) EI1J *J.JE
0

.~.~A~~~~~f~~f~~f-W~~g~I~OO~r~.,~~,m~~ Jt~JiMJf-t5ill~~fFTr~~jI.~o ~~5i i!Hm7j( mt 119m~ ,lfJl7j( ~ fM( ~ f7J<tt j{Q {;j(~ ~* ,~ ftur*,41l ( !!£ : ;fl)1r EI1JriiJ IHf IJ\, f!p~{;j(~Wxttgt*, 1fflJrilj(:Ijc. §:m:r ffi~li$o
0

~p~1:i:l:t!!~f~jlj\.~%.:IlmB', ~ m:f:t!?~~:t5]~~JL~ ,fJfi:t ~.!ilrft:~Jt *omi:t~OOaTu*mM,~»~~.~*o.~m~±fJfB'B'~m*~~~~ •• gil ,fJ&TfU¥*~t~gtgt$2t~, :sm.Iatm*It7t.m:liffi~~$t, l1lUPJ~y.~~o .~tm .±fJf~~~~tp~#~M,H~TJtmW~~$t,~w.~~~mtgt~~~*om~. ;fO f$. $t~¥ffi~*f-f~ft:B:
6.1.2
0

JjjUJ.1[~5.1.3~.JEW~*~~?:]m~&:m(~§11!iJJlli:I9='l¥Jm~)~M:kr 1.0 !Lern(L jgffi~~~i:t~*itEl1J.*~1~*JJt) ,~~~1W~lf1C 1984 ~trfMl~J.m:,~~ $l{tfJfOO% 2%o#A#t:t1It ~r~i:t IV!7j( mt ~Nf$, JfJi'f J~Jjl.m:~ 5.1. 3 ~*JI',JE~~UlL {E~m~B:J*Jxt;f)1~!$,t~Y.. m~~~1IJ!J, ~~J:ptjjttr~m~~mo t~1tf~OO*J.m:lr11W ~lf1C ~.m:,~&:ff~T7j(~1iLf$~LHiEl1J~JtJE(frT$lf1C1962 ~.m:1f~JtJE, 1984 ~ 1984 ~JtmBJlJ~) !$,ti:t +N~XtT1-=r $~ njiIJ #~ 1rl~ ,{E~xt f$.~B:1f - JE~ njiIJ ,J!~ 7.K EE1$.~B:ft:it9='l19f$.it~**~ {3 = 1.2 - 1.4(~(0lmm$tm~±1itBiMjJtm~± trfMlft:it~J.m:}(JTG D62-2004)*iNiJl1 lLHJ&_L:l£Wru ,*~pg~f'F*i:t:rn7J<_¥-tLf$~ m~JtJEo
6.1.3
0

:f:5I~~a~rtt~1f3, mf'F~rm~: 1 ~;{fj{ifj'~;ft:f:51iJn 1*EI1J EKiJ I :ilI{pJ T ~ % , JR. 00 6-10 {E i*It h ~,ffiJi~LfJ jg ~%,Jt*~:t1(a + 2 x 1. 57h)o ~O~%oofR~~OOmEl1Jm%1-t~,l1lU~*JJt~:t1( a + 2 x O. 79h) ,lltatit~1f3:t1 38° IZ9llt ,8}t:f:5I*~W1f ,;ttJ*J~ffjJ-ffl;fp"l¥Jit~1f3~~*T
6.1.6

*;fJJ ,
-

63 -

a 2 ~ !5 I I*J jJ f~ ~ *tf!. at , *tf!. jJ( & ¥ ¥ &$LjJ I¥.J 0~!:3 &jJ:k/J\,,¥~R. 0 -.r ,,±I¥.J ffimr'l1:"¥ 1iltl ff !R., ff Q, t!k:ID"M !twJ ~ ---~L.....I...-1.7-J--L-.1......L........----111* :ID,~#:ID~o iEit.*tf!.¥*ffijJ at, ~~ *mX:%$1FUE, ep*tf!.£~% !:3*tf!.¥$LjJ JVt if tt ,tfLtJt:J! m 5-''11: ifJr4 jJ ~ 0~it. *tf!.¥ ~-"-f-r-r--,-,-.,...,...."I"t'T-T--r-T"""",,T""1--1........a1t*ffi$LjJo~~~~¥l¥.Jrr.MjJ~~~ $IjJ, ~~$IjJOO~*~7t~~lto E'f~, a+1.57h *tf!.¥$LjJ xt!5 I¥1iltl1¥.JlijJ .s: mlltli jJ 'J I 1.57h a 1.57h ®iE!5II*JI¥.J$IjJrr., ••• ~$.ollt ~~, £1iltlE11ffi-~Ji1$:5tf'F1>Jm.1*~,;It$I jJ Jt;fJj00A; tfL~ ~ T~~r3G~ 3 *ttJm~_tE'f~,!5I¥1iltll¥.Jftf£lO ,~fX¥li~!5II*J$l¥.JffjJJt;fJj, rmJl¥~m *tf!.£lijJxt~Ji1I¥.Jf'Fm 1251 lit ,1>JTfaHtit. ,~Ji!.m:xtT~~:f;5I ,~Ji!.JETftf£lO 1¥.J~{j[, iElIt ~&{j[ I*J,£1iltlmJi1~jJ nr ~ fF~. *~~JE I¥.Jtf£ 10 ~ {j[, 1]]ill m rnuJl!. m:I¥.J Ji!. ~ i ~ JEo Jttl ~Ol$i*tf!.¥¥1iltli&Bt~_w.m~(GB 50007-2002)~ 8.1. 2 tt~, *~1~lli:, 1'-£HW

~JL.'~E15ln~i&!:iHL ,~f9!~E1~jJ(~f¥7j(ffijJ , rmJl~~~¥1iJ7j(im:t1:~~rtJ~ ~ 1*J~:QIf. ~?tt.~±~mo 1It~~,5l1l*¥iilff~OO~ r~:QIf7j(*tf!.¥, 1iJ7j( ¥ rlUxttff~~:!ltfll¥ 1iltlf=1:R-J ,~;fIJT~JEo E'f~ ,~IL.'~E1~Mi&!:~fLo xtT7j({5L~_t».~ml¥.J~IL.'~E1 j ~,tfL1ri&!:~fL, {8~fLR. -tnr;@~~/J\,JtJf'FJi}X{1O
6.1. 7

~E1*~J¥1l, EB T*1l4ff2*llJt~I¥.J:k" q:t "/J\mmlijff Elfttt:k, Jl1JnT ~:k~q~, ii_t~J1Rmm~ 5.3.2 ~;ffE'f1Jn:ko 3t~Ji1~~~~~Ji1~jg~, fLHJ&_t~~~ J]!m ,~J1R~_w.m:~ 5.3.3 ~tfL;ffE'f1Jo*o t&~~JBt3t~1!~5lIl*mmuTJTTYi,~~ !:3~TYi zrEi] $ItvHtI i&!:ltmu JTJJi~ rEi],Jt~ ll~tm T JT]]!~ llW JE T
6.2.1,,6.2.2
0

*~illfflJ1Rmm~5.3.4~I¥.J~Ji!.JEo ~1*tff~I¥.J~~, ~it •• Jttl~"Jj;;~:!ltrWJ1t1¥.J115~ 1I6,xtT:fiWJtff~rtJJtt~:ktl,?tt.~±m~rtJ*~/J\tlo

6.2.3 6.2.4

JE, ttHm~~,

*~m-JtJJJfJJi!.mJr~5.3.5~I¥.JJ5W.JEo ~mE1f'F~f* u ~~jjjit.l¥.J~f41>J u u ~tffE1~1mtlil~1tzfll~/J\TIr¥J~7j(.lJZ-.OOftril~*1¥.J 0.4 -m, *Jt~iUllt¥*, ftril" 1mtlilMJt£JH~5!luLilit.

0

64 -

6.2.5

x;j:f;!B:;i:,A1j: ~ :~x;j$H$X ,~Htr)ff±BiiJ PJf1i:{ -0~t1f~i~Htjim

~1.m} (JTG D6O-

2004)(~~nuf!J\{JTG D60~]~}) 6.2.6,6.2.

7

r*Jft#0s:\;-it.o

t£~;fJf~1l201itfc501f1-tlkmr$1f*iJl*~ ,mJtlT/J\J.f~a<J!5I;fJf~, Jij(~Jt!.fL-~:ll~J\.~.1tlH (;\.~1tlH !:3 ~~~7t1J),)§ ~~~il~ =.fL{a ~-K::f*T 20m ~_tJ£5'~, ~ 00 ~2t~ T *m~:ll~± a<J$£~ m=~ $£~m= ~ _t $~#J:i1-K, 129;tt .!3i$X~~~r~t~,_t$~;f!jI29~m~±t&~fllWtl!t7t~rmrz:~~{$~it~:Lt*,J!~.!i¥3&tff ~ ~~tffm~5l.t2t~ [!!J 8~~
0 0 0

1Jo~±m~:(£~oo §HtrB7fMtllimo tLHJ&iNiJ1!tB~JVt{9!fflEI"J1f 7 ,*,;tt~mf* A; 3 ~,~llit:A; 4 ~o :(£ 3 ~~1*Atff~~ ,:M]£1(!fLJ.ff2 - 8m ~{&Am, ~~-J!Njg 6
6.2.8
-6mo

:(£~JiitAm=~~ ,1Jo~f*::ffti*~3t~f~Ji~:(ilj~, I29rmt1f~*/J\::f~PIPJ1JnW1*~~ JEo {amf*s:\;m~ mtl::f1PJ ,3t~~JiEI"Jm~Ji!:i1~r~, ftJtl:(£1Jo~1*_t,FJT~m=lYfl!t*/J\, m~.~:M]£~~.~~.1*.m~.~tta<J~¥~.,§$~ •• ~~~fll.I~m ~f?:~ ~.!It, :(£.!IttX~1IJrlAAWi1R;j ,W::f'OA~1*s:\;m=~ ~T~~±m~EI"J~~,R#*m~1fu%,A~%~-~%o~~R;jlli~.~~ ±~;f!jEI"J;f!j~~l~(~m~.E5111~~-¥JllWm~o :$lnm=~~5tJn~/J\~ !:31W:ff3tt'l;f!j~~EI"J Im~1iH~Bt,*m u :1f3l:1~~itm; :$lnm~~45tfij~*WG ~:f1(~B*~m~Bt ,mtlm1r:®1¥i~ ~WG-~%m~o
0 0

gJiitAmi:11l#t]a<Jif1tttAmi:1~1Jn~1*~lpHJiJVtEI"J-#~itAm~ tJ1ttm~7tjg I*Ji~llit~fll6'~ ~gllitA;WJ# ,::fi1?-M#:1f3 A;, .l;$£ti;f!j ~ m if1tttJffi$1ii~ l ~*,j]n~1*::f*§:3t~1~Ji~:(ilj~o I29J1ttfftt.E5~~~fi[it ~#~1.m=~~it~*ffilPJ, E\I*0B*m~1f *Nit~]~:i1Hr mits:\;~.±m~:(£00I*JIft~a~~,.!It~.§I*J.A;~*~A&~:ff2~,~.!It :(£~*~~I~m:M].Z~~,~X~~~~-@~1*R~,±~~~TOOI*JB:ffIft~ 1E6'~ ±~1.m ~1f *~JE 1Jn~
6.2.9
0 ~~ 0 0

:(£6'~fHllit~m~~ ,m{&1l::fIlJ.Ya<J:ii~~lio t£1*J~mitA;fJfi:1~ ~~~~~~~~)ff~~±B1fffilim~,{aji#~T~$£~~~:(£5tW~~~~~rm ~~*.~~*~m,&lli~.~.t1f~.~o~:(£~OO-0.~tt.w~#.m~~~ T~~~JE*.iliTA1*.~o~OO~.±.m~ •• (~~.)EI"J~~~iliT~~. 1£, fa *iJMJl~·1*~~it~~

6.2.10
0

,m

6.2.11

ffij$-¥~~)]U]!~~UmftmtEJ;1l*49=t:Qi*VLlli)] J~_t~miJ ,it.VLMHll*

65 -

tIJJsLj]imax T

~.±~$a~tt~fi~§~~.~ ~OO~*~,~.~.*~~~~*~*o ••

6.3.1
~o

*~~p.~'@J_mm:~5.2.1~~~_mJE, ~ftf~BJco ~*}Xm;ftHEBJl1Jt#f R i"ttt

*~m-m)JjH~m~~JEo El'E~±-@!tlffj] ,)Jj{~~m~~JE-~'Ift£rPJ*m±z§J± ffij],~~~±ffi~m~*m.±ffij]~.±ffij]~±ttj]o*~*mT*m.±ffij] ~.±ffij]tm±mj] ~~_m~,~1-1.±ffiiJ :1g_±79J±ffiiJ1.3 - 1.6 itt, ~~#fEl' rtl~ ~ m1Jrtlf$z§JJfftrlMI8J:;tteJm; Tit A±miJ ,!t-rrs~~#fEl'~~ E;fJ?~%, ~~tz:~± ~ ttj] ,rm#fEl' JJ5ft1t%mxt ~ Mit ~ItJ~ § ~ - *~Ht. m, '§ffl ~ #f El'Eft if1Jt1m ~Fj:_~ffl1Jo ~iJ FJr~,J1tfX1~iT/F1}~m.±ffiiJfO±ttiJ
6.3.2

fl.,~~~
*

!llit:ct:#f El'§ .l:tttg2 7o:if1-t ~ B 1-1 JtI!Wf* ffl ,~ ~iLE~)H&* * ~Jlf, ffilttk: T ~@mm~.iJ~m,:1g~ •• mmmm~.~T~~o*mmit:ct:mEl'~~ •• *~ mIrr*m*J¥iJlm,*w*m,ttwreamJ~rrm,m]J1~m,1f$~#f(109 ~:i1!)~o ~ll it:ct:#f~~it.-~*ffl.iJ~.*,J£llJf~~FJr:l£o gllitfJfEl':§3-it.jJ*£1t%#}i~ *,i£)Jj{~~m:m 5.2.3 ~P3:ff!lt~~~o ~m~umfJf#f~-JN:/FItt'F7j(~1J'rf$, rmlJ±~~m jfa<J7j(~fiL~mf5JW1lk±~~'l4:fO±ttiJ ,tI1.xt~it.ffE. ,FJrk),*~/F1}~1t%tJ}i~ *31tlA*~)(~o ~n:~t~itat:ff.tJJ~it.~}X,~n-@!tlrtlJtl!~*}X,~rtlJtl!£*~,JtI!£ ~tJJ *}t~, i73PJ*JIB£%tJ}i~l!; it~M EE T ftifmJ]!p1J'rf$,FJr ii1JJsLit~~mJ]!p1J'r~ ~ iJlJtam1m ffl1Jo~ iJ ~ m*~#fft~~ft~)§'~~~~m.~ •• ~.M~.~.MW,~*~M~~~ ~~*OO*jagm3&, ?&Fn~~IW1.rmn:t,~~m7t~~~~*IHft'F1-1 Fnm~~l¥Jm;fJi, ~ ~iLE~MIHf~~.m~Mxmffili§EEm~omit:ct:#fEl'~Fn~~~~.,JJsL~Tm • • OO~.~~,~~~.*~iJrtl§~mM~rtlrr.o ~ll*~tJfft Ma:~.~jlij OOJtl!~m.iJl ®~fft'-' ~lliJ nHiIBt Mt£1M~±~J3L ml¥J*iJfO~~iJ~~*~mmtz:~~*iJfO~rtliJ~~~t'FmfOm~t'Fm~~~ *~rmJEo
6.3.3
0 0

66 -

MiWUa9ffltJ1<fi~j] ~;ltIfF~~~3Co 1 3Gff.JJ :{f\~-MiWl] 71< tJi!:ctrm WI] m JJJifm fF ffl ffi IPJ ,rmWl] tt TXff.JJ ~~ a9 6
7 .0.1
0

~*

~WI]I fF:{f\~PJ 7t.:%rXF="#: at , 71< f~ t1::18m~ WI] JJJi f , liH! 71< ~ ~ m m D

ff.j]t+t~-rmwnH!,ttl DtlSf1t7l<mt&, rmM71<i*if 1.2 ftfiiWl] l¥Jf$~ 71<tlE 0(L, ifff.jfF W:ctii wn at , iiwn!it T lliJJ :{f\~ ff.JJ :it$irfilJ~,@f i~aiEii5r ~ti71<, ~fi~i171<~ A1m~, ~ prUJ1m~5!ftflIl~JE tt, IPJ at f
3
0

*ff.JJt+t~-iiWiJH!71< !it T * ff.j] :{f\~

2
0

D~~&

,WiJ gmt71<~t1::tiff,lJJJJi,tl D ~f1tmt1)tat, rmWl] p t

,16,@f1Jni*tm WI] fIl1Jn5!ft i JffifffliWl¥JIW , {%liEH!ttl D ,~Jffi fIl;lt fflJlI $ ~£ ,:& fE ~~ ~ flP~ , FJf0( ,-JY2:iE 1iffJ ~1£ ~ f.tF#ti~j] l¥J,tt l5l-r , ::t 1lJ ffl ff.JJ :it rmWlJ f ffij] :itrmrfilJ1ZS171< it5£ 1t 51jfg71< t~ ~ JE , IZSI !It if 0- 1m tIL ~ 1It ffl {JTG D60 ~Jt 1il® m L mJ~JE rmrfilJ Jffxff.j] :ittmWl] 1r* wn D m1Jt§t!H!71< D fIl ttl 71< D~$7to rfilJ ~A;~tmW!Jl¥J~Wtfi~j]fIl~JffifffliW~ru! D B<J~Jff~W-fjlk*o FJf0( ,rfi!jO3J'lA;16,@f~,@71<tlE)II9!'m ,~iiEfflili~£l¥J~JEo WiJ m1Jt D ~7J'l~ }\.~A,j}ffij!i:rt ~~#!A,H!i:rt AB.#!A, f~A,JE~s:\;lZmt~7J'l~, j{;9='1lr Jffl¥J ~ }\."¥:rt,)tffif!i:rt ~~#!:rt~JE~:rtfllf~Ao X1T tmWI] I*J 1~fIl it~I¥J~JtJE, * ~ ,L!t$irfi!j T~tp ,~ J_I {Ji

E8t1EJm~* T

~1i1ff
0

*~

rmilPJ~l[m~gJtifTJt!ill£Jffi~j]~~rm51®1¥J£1iIff/G~~tYL~ ,FJf0(, ~N 1J.if~ffi :itl!~ L l¥JrmwuWt 1M! tg$} , PI 0( /G Nm ~#1t 7r , if ± 1Jr:itl!~ L rmtm tIP] m<: mI tg $i , ill 4ij:1¥i~~*flif~1'-tm*( LN!tm~fl!, 0(1iffJ~tirfi!j~3to -~m~5r4ij:1% 4-~~~N-mm~.omIW.I¥JW~B~*flW# ••• IB~~.lZm~.l¥JN 1J.rmj£ ~ilPJ:itl!~±£~5£1t®~1iIff~~~~~,0(~*Jff~~m~£~!ltmrmMi1PJrm:itl!~,
7 .0.2

{gm~1itlD
0

$mt£~g.j'lWl5l ~.m~gi:
200mm,ur:oo:£:f.] 200mm

~.~*mo~.~*ml¥J#m~~~m~~w.{g~~M§Tw*.,~m3tw*.
200mm

a9~±1*t?fiL ff.JJ AtmilPJfIllE tgM Wt ffrJ!IIT p& tgMilPJrmtYLgJt , ~ T fJi: L~x1m~gJt l¥J!itJ1J!7r , i±~ ~ ~l¥J~ AM)] l¥J~lH1:*r!t i±~if •• ±;
-

m~ ••• ~~.~~~Wl¥J*~~~0(~Wl¥J

•• ,m~.~OOill~.~~

~ mf m ~71<71< WY~~f*5 ~

,-NiEtmWHJJi mf

67 -

¥ffiiIPJ iliA!J ffli1iy1g'*M-T-fnHrWo x>fT7G~~r1gml¥JfPJy1g,;!tili n fflnrWB9~1HB~ A;, 1964 !iF 12 j) lj(ll!$fJ(lHf4~1iJf~ ~ ~ f'FT~~W:~, ;lt~*~ :~i1ff:&i*ffij$~ ~U~ Jt, ~*ffl~*M1g 3. 72m;7j(mUt~jij 20o~~~~jij~B11g 3 .15m;7j(mt~~jij 30o~~ HI-=.jF.J%at~ 3.05mo hA.__tW~~7j(mt:ft'ltt1fJ 2O°l!130°Bt, ri1ffffij$,*~tl7*~7G~Jf&: JJtl, ffiffm1rWIWllE~~*/FY, t&4rk~~_w.m § 19751fLlHIE-1IJ_w.~~*JtHt'lttjF.J ~ 20° I¥J ~)Jf jF.J ~1iP1o *
7.0.3

1'1 T 1*liEtmYfiIJ B9~}JUk ~ IJ\ if m~~, ~1t ~tl, ;;$: x>frJi1dlPl ~ YfiIJ m;~:I:Jt f'FT ~JQ.JE ~HJA:l$tt*at ,M~IHili?t fi~JV(; 1Sfr~%, ~ 1*liE~lilfjB9~~
7. o. 4
0 0

'*

YiiJl1JJYiJ:lkM19Jtl:ij};± ,&\m?tm~~, -=E~~J,tt: 1 :ill!:*.rj{ ±/F:t5]?:j ~ ffif~$ ~ W m 2 {JTC D60 ~~mH~~, tmYfiIJ ± ffijJ 1£[P] m ± tt § :~t1J x>f __t:l;!l!A; ¥ffi iIPJ , ¥ffi JJt T ~*~±ttIjJj~ ,:i3i*~f§rmJYi:ij};± !:~nm19Jtl:ij};±~m~&mftz:~l¥JrPJ~B9*.jJ [00 7l h) ] ° B3rtmWlJ{X.lt. ±tt § IjJ ,IEIJtt, YiYlPl-mt$JkM19Jtl:ij};±f!gm?tm~~, t~§JU~rIPl ~M.~±B9~~ftjg.~o~M~M.~±m~*TWlJ]j~±B9m~,~~~~~iJI1J ]j B9ffl1Jn fujJ
7.0.5
0

1'1'1'1'1'1'1'.... '_1 1'1

I
I I' /

I , \

to'1
....

"

....

"

\.

\.

\ \

I I I

a)

~.~±~m.*;hl~~.±~~~m_~~~~ ••fJ
ff -#~r!iA~: imMJJt__t~±,!£[P]ffijJ ,PJil(~±r*J%ft\tB9 §?&1Jt(fEp~*)*1ifOJE [00 7-1a) ] a 1£[p]ffijJl)JH1f~±~ntl¥J~1JnW~lm, 1f::&i§i5JU--t-JEta ( § ?&11t®f'F ffl) ,;Jtta/FJi1HtYi-mt±ttIjJ ° ± rp § r&11t, f31.tEB!~1CjjJt~T!¥~j§-lO:Ijl{±~~~11f ~T~~IDJV(;,tEBmM~~mJYi~r!~~ll!r!.I~~-Mo~~ff~~.~~~*o tmWlJ®*~jJlt., 1lJ~,~~;;$:~JQ.m:~ 5.1.4 ~=*r*fJHt.B9~JQ.JE, B3rtmM *~lli*,J~tH~/J\, tf:1t*, PI{X. f'F*B9~1Iff5!lJt~., rm~f'F*l¥Jmi*"5!l1t-~JE"~
7 .0.6

00

7-1

~ifolJJ(_t!t£r<iJa:fJ

.0

mtm-jiN*mM:m(*~t~~1I4)jgE:,l2SIjgmtfj§]j~±~m;fJf~J¥,*m~m~12SI
68 -

f1tn;f§xt~*, rmi9!:li!!£*1lijJ1JO*5fQ~ il!5I2J&:!t~1JO 53j~, ~W1Jmll1l4f1£/J\( < 5m)at ,J!JN;f§x;f~*, :tmffPfLm,:Jt5it!'l1:ffi~ -,1ft~±t&~5fQrgJ3t1£:1t~n~jJ :M]~*, £ '11~mlll3f~o JNtrI®WI1EJ9~:lirm§-~mJJiJlli~~J21~:f,j~j';1rj1ft§~EJ9:2IS] , ,7tU§l!JEm -m~1:r JJI! I¥J rnu.w.m~ 6.0. 6 *~ =.~~JEit.mm§ r*JiJatl'fJ~~ m If!! -$ -,~ tJJ 1£:%-,5it!'l1:ffi~xt ~jJ.~,~~*m.±t&~5fQRJ3t1£:~~~o~ttffi~~1l4f~~@~~x~*EJ9m~ ffif§ ,~n~~*,~ft~%i~, rm~l£EJ900Wmlt.~, Bit A3it!'l1:ffi~51~EJ9~i~; ~T1i ~±1&~5fQRN1t1t, JJfJ.w.m~ 6.0. 6 *~=~~.w.JEI'fJ~~ m, 2Is~J.w.m1JJTrB- is 1£~ m 7.0.5 *r*Jxt~~ti.±EJ9~1J[~tfH~YJ1JtmJ§"EJ9ti.±t&~EJ9~*o rm~ ffiiJ1££liilir*J EI9?t~»'J&¥I¥J*ffijJ OOj\;, I'fJ r~*~.w.m:m 6.1. 6 *iJt~JL ~ ~ 7FnJ EJ9~1:£~/J\ ( < 5m), ¥liili~ N;f§x;f~*, 1JozrmWlJ:M]l)X;ff*l¥Jt8tlGjJ ±, lEIlt, I'fJ~ ~ l iA~ !li*j\;rmWIJ £liili~J~Jtl 1: EJ9!11*J&¥m~ t~~:M] 1) ,J&¥*ffih Jljjw, f:M]?t ~ '1 ,
0 0
0 0

69 -

1i ;fJ5jJ!t~~~~~

mmJjj(~~m:~JJEo

p.~OJJJf*~¥;]i&tit~~ (GB 50003-2(01) *,J 5E, 1i-tJ 1W m:~ f*?t~

70 -

m;fJfl¥JtmmJjtl¥Jit.Ejii:.,~~~)ffiJW.m:, <0~ii:it-¥M-m;fJf}( 1978) ;f!l19831f Jl ~ym.m~g[MP:II¥J*~~mmJtlt~±mtJfii:itt:p 1¥JJ11'"IPJH!}(x:ii$0~f4~tjJf 1tJ9f ) $lJ JE

0

71 -

t1t-~%:

L5114· 0887

J;E fit: 19.00:7C