NAVAL ARCHITECTURE

SECTION 1
1. What is sub division? Why is it necessary? What is margin line? How is the length of a compartment determined? [7/07], [Em06/07], [10/05], [8/10], 2. With reference to rotary vane steering gears: [7/07](ekg6), [Em06/07], [10/05], [Em03/04], a. Describe, with the aid of a sketch, how such a unit incorporates an integral rudder carrier; b. Explain how vertical rudder movement is accommodated. 3. Describe the relation ship between frictional resistance and a. Ship speed; b. The wetted area; c. The surface roughness; d. The length of the vessel. [7/07], [6/07], [5/07], [2/07], [Em06/07], [9/06], [Em05/06], [9/09], [11/09], [3/10], [Em10-11], [7/10], [Em08-09], [11/10], [12/10], [10/05], [6/05], [4/05], [8/04], [6/05](S-2), [2/05](S-2), [1/05](S-2), [2/09], [7/09], 4. Describe with detailed sketches, the arrangements for securing the exhaust gas uptakes in the funnel casing of a steam or motor ship. [7/07], [Em06/07], [10/05], 5. a. State four sources of excitation that may induce vibration into the main hull girder. [8/10], b. Suggest methods for reducing the vibration levels induced by each of the exciting forces in (a). [7/07], [2/07], [Em06/07], [10/05], [1/04],

6. With reference to dry docking, define the responsibilities of the second engineer and instructions to junior engineers a. Prior to docking; b. Whilst the vessel is in dry dock; c. Prior to flooding and leaving the dock. [6/07], [4/07], [3/07], [2/07], [4/06], [2/06], [6/05],[8/07], [11/08], [2/09], [12/09], [1/10], [7/10], [Em08-09], [11/10], [12/10], [3/11], [5/05], [4/05], [2/05], [9/04], [6/04], 7. a. Sketch the cross-section of a bulk carrier with either deep or shallow double bottom showing the type of framing used. b. i. Describe the corrosion problems experienced with ballast tanks. ii. State how such tanks are protected against extensive corrosion. [6/07], [2/07], [3/06], [1/06], [9/05], [3/05], [Em03/04], [10/07], [3/08], [7/10], [1/11], a. Draw a simple line diagram of the bow of a ship to show the position of the following component parts of the ships anchoring system : Hawse pipe, cable stopper, Windlass and cable lifter, Spurling pipe and chain locker. b. Describe the cable stopper and state its purpose. c. Show by means of a sketch how the anchor cable is attached to the ship. d. Describe how the chain locker is drained of water, sand and mud. [6/07], [9/05], [10/07], [3/08], [Em07-08], [10/08], [3/10],

8.

9. With reference to membrane tanks for the carriage of liquefied gas at very low temperatures: a. Describe with a sketch one method of building up the insulation; b. State which alloy is used for the membrane and the reason; c. Explain why a secondary barrier is installed. d. Describe with the aid of a sketch how the tanks are located and supported: i. Longitudinally; ii. Transversely. [Em10-11], [7/10], [Em08-09], [11/10], [1/11], [10/07], [3/08], [Em07-08], [9/08], [10/08], [3/10], [4/10], [6/07], [1/07], [3/06], [9/05], [7/04], [3/07], [6/06], [1/06], [4/05], [6/04], [4/04], [2/04],

10.

a. Discuss the need for adequate support of engine room gantry cranes, detailing the following: i. Sketch section through the engine room casing showing how the crane is supported by the ship structure. ii. State what restricts the forward and aft limits of the crane and what is fitted to prevent the crane damaging the forward and aft bulkheads or casing. b. State the second engineers responsibilities for the engine room gantry crane. [5/07], [9/06], [8/04], [7/09], [9/09], a. Explain what is meant by permissible length of compartments in passenger ships. b. Describe how the position of bulkheads is determined. c. Describe briefly the significance of the factor of subdivision. [5/07], [9/06], [Em05/06], [4/05], [8/04], [10/07], [4/08], [12/09], [8/10], [9/09], [Em08-09], [11/10], [1/06](II),

11.

12. Explain how the period of roll varies with: a. The amplitude of roll; b. The radius of gyration; c. The initial metacentric height; d. The location of masses in the ship. [7/10], [Em08-09], [12/10], [5/07], [9/06], [2/06], [Em05/06], [6/05], [4/05], [8/04], [8/07], [2/09], [9/09], [12/09], [Em10-11], [11/10], 13. If a ship is seriously damaged under water in way of a large fuel oil side bunker tank what is the immediate effect and what may ultimately happen? What features in the ship would enhance safety? [5/07], [9/06], [Em05/06], [8/04], [9/09], 14. a. Describe a method for the attachment of bilge keels. [3/10], [3/11], b. State three reasons for not extending bilge keels the entire length of the vessel. [7/04], c. Explain two principles of roll damping that bilge keels exploit. [4/07], [1/07], [3/06], [1/06], [7/05], [9/04], [2/08], [11/08], [10/09],

15. With respect to International load Line Statutory Certification: a. State the reason for the freeboard requirements; [Em10-11], [3/11], b. i. Explain the term conditions of assignments. ii. List the items that may be examined during a load line survey after major repairs in the drydock. [4/07], [5*/06], [Em03/04], [9/04], [5/04], [2/04], [9/08], [11/08], [3/10], [4/10], 16. State how and why the following machinery items are effected when the maximum service speed of a vessel is consistently maintained in heavy weather. a. Intermediate shafting; b. Propeller shafting; c. Shafting coupling bolts; d. Main thrust pads. [4/07], [5/06], [3/06], [8/05], [7/05], [1/05], [9/04], [7/04], [5/04], [1/04], [6/08], [9/08], [11/08], [1/10], [1/11],[3/11], 17. a. Describe an arrangement made in a main structural bulkhead for a watertight door aperture. b. Explain a procedure for ensuring that sliding watertight doors are operated safely. c. Differentiate between the categories of watertight door and state the regulation pertaining to each type. [4/07], [8/05], [3/05], [Em03/04], [9/04], [6/08], [11/08], [3/11], a. With reference to the underwater surface of a ships hull: i. Describe a hull plate roughness analyzer system; ii. State the significance of the roughness profile and compare the typical roughness values for a new ship and a ship eight years old. [2/06], b. Which parts of the internal structure of a ship are most liable to corrosion and why? How can the effects of corrosion be reduced? [5/06], c. With reference to the application of self polishing paint in dry dock: [1/06], i. Describe the plate preparation necessary; ii. State the defects that may occur in the paint coating if it is not correctly applied. [3/07], [5/06], [7/04], [6/04], [2/08], [9/08], [10/09], [3/10],

18.

19. With regard to ship construction details for transverse watertight bulkheads: a. State how the bulkheads are tested for water tightness. b. If it is necessary to penetrate the bulkhead, precaution must be taken to ensure that the watertight integrity and the strength of the bulkhead is maintained. With this in mind, describe using simple sketches how the following pass through bulkheads: i. Main transmission shaft; b. Electrical cables; c. Fuel oil transfer pipes; d. Air and sounding pipes. c. State the purpose of this type of bulkhead. [1/07], [3/06], [2/06], [3/07], [1/07], [3/06], [2/06], [6/04], [8/07], [12/09], [1/11], [Em 06-07], 20. Sketch and describe the construction of collision bulkhead of a large tanker. Include principal dimensions in the sketch. [3/07], [6/04], 21. a. Explain the causes of the formation of mill scale on steel plate. b. Describe the preparation necessary before the application of conventional paints to the underwater surface of the hull. c. Describe a coating scheme for the underwater hull using conventional paints. [2/07](ekg61), [1/04], a. Sketch a transverse section through the hold space of a container ship hull. b. Referring to the sketch in (a) describe how adequate structural strength is built into the hull. [2/07], [9/06], [6/06], [11/05], [6/05], [2/05], [Em03/04], [9/07], [8/08], [11/08], [3/09], [7/09], [11/09], [1/10], [12/10], a. Explain in detail how an (in)under water survey is carried out. b. State the requirements to be fulfilled before an (in) under water survey is acceptable to the survey authority. c. Construct a list of items in order of importance that the underwater survey authority should include [1/07](mep34), [6/05], [2/05], [2/09], [2/10], [12/10], a. Define the purpose of cofferdams. b. State where cofferdams are most likely to be found on : i. Dry cargo ships; ii. Oil tankers. c. i. State what information is available about danger of entering void spaces. ii. Identify, with reasons, the precaution to be observed before and during entry to cofferdams. [8/06], [11/05], [9/07], [8/08], [3/09],

22.

23.

24.

25. Describe the arrangement of tank top and double bottom in the machinery space making particular reference to the structure and scantlings below the main engine. Show the method adopted in the arrangement of D.B. tanks to avoid contamination of fresh water, fuel oil and lube oil stored in D.B. tanks. [8/06], [11/05], [9/07], [6/08], [8/08], [3/09], 26. Explain the reasons why a freeboard less than that usually assigned to a normal cargo ship is permitted under the load line rules on a bulk oil carrying vessel. Sketch the load line markings and explain that significance of various load lines. [8/06], [11/05], [9/07], [6/08], [8/08], [3/09], 27. Describe the following parts of a vessel and state the purposes for which they are fitted. Illustrate by means of sketches: a. Cant frames; b. Transomfloor; c. Panting beams; d. Panting stringer. [8/06], [6/06], [Em05/06], [11/05], [9/07], [8/08], [3/09], [7/09], [11/09], 28. Define five of the following, stating how they affect the ship structure and what component parts of the ship structure help to resist the effect of; a. Racking; b. Water pressure effect; c. Panting; d. Pounding; e. Local weights; f. Vibration from engine and propellers. [7/06], [4/08], [6/09], [8/09],

29. Describe the general precautions to be taken against capsizing. State the recommended criteria for passenger and cargo ships. [7/06], [4/08], [9/08], [6/09], [8/09], [2/10], [8/10], 30. Describe the effect on GM of rolling and how bilge keels, anti rolling tanks and stabilizer fins reduce the amplitude of rolling. [7/06], [4/08], [6/09], [8/09], 31. With respect to trim and stability, describe the following; [1/08], [4/08], [6/09], [8/09], [8/10], a. Effects on centre of gravity of slack tanks. [3/05](S-2), b. Effect on stability of ice formation on superstructure. c. Effects of wind and waves on ships stability. d. Effect of water absorption by deck cargo and retention of water on deck. [7/06], 32. With reference to the prevention of hull corrosion discuss: a. Surface preparation and painting of new ship plates. b. Design of the ships structure and its maintenance. c. Cathodic protection by sacrificial anodes, of the internal and external areas of the ship. [7/06], [5/04], [2/04], [1/08], [4/08], [6/09], [8/09], [8/10], 33. a. With the aid of sketch describe the method of attachment for a bilge keel and hence explain what protection is made to reduce the possibility of the shell being punctured in the vent of damage to the keel. [11/09], b. State why the keel does not extend for the length of the ship. c. Evaluate the effectiveness of bilge keels for large wall sided vessels. [6/06], [9/05], [Em03/04], [10/07], [3/08], [Em07-08], [10/08], [7/09], [2/10],

34. Describe the double bottom and framing arrangement used in the machinery space to cope up with the concentrated loads and vibration, together with shaft and thrust block support. Give reasons for the choice of thrust block position. [6/06], [4/06], [7/05], [1/05], [Em03/04], [5/04], [Em 06-07], [7/09], [11/09], [4/10], 35. a. Adequate support is required for engine room gantry cranes. [6/06], [Em03/04], [7/09], [11/09], i. Sketch section through the engine room casing showing how the crane is supported by the ship structure. ii. State what restricts the forward and aft limits of the crane and what is fitted to prevent the crane damaging the forward and aft bulkheads or casing. b. State the second engineers responsibilities for the engine room gantry crane and state the instruction that he should give to junior engineers to ensure, safe working practices are adopted for its use.

36. With reference to roll-on, roll-off ferries: [5/06], [2/06], [7/05], [5/04], [8/07], [9/08], [12/09], [1/10], a. Describe the problem of free surface effect; b. Explain how it is intended that water should be cleared from car or cargo decks; c. Describe possible methods for improving the stability and survivability of these vessels.

38. With reference to fatigue of engineering components, explain the influence of stress level and cyclical frequency on expected operating life. a. Explain the influence of material defects on the safe operating life of an engineering component. b. State the factors which influence the possibility of fatigue cracking of a bed plate transverse girder and explain how the risk of such cracking can be minimized. [4/06](ekg5), [8/05], [5/05], [2/04], [Em 06-07], [2/08], [10/09], [4/10], [Em10-11], [6/11(9/10)],

39.

a. Describe briefly the tank system in L.N.G vessel. b. Explain how the boil-off from L.N.G. is handed. [4/06], [4/10],

40. Give a reasoned opinion as to the validity of the following assertions concerning ship structure: a. Crack propagation in propeller shaft A brackets or spectacle frames is indicative of inadequate scantlings and strength; b. The adequate provision of deck scuppers and freeing ports is as critical to seaworthiness as watertight integrity. [2/06], [4/04], [8/07], [12/09], 41. With reference to ships rudder state: [1/06], [2/08], [10/09], a. Why a breached hollow rudder can add to fuel costs? b. Why excessive pintle clearance should not be tolerated? c. Why fitted bolts are used in connecting upper and lower stocks? 42. a. State the reasons for the freeboard requirement. b. Explain the term condition of assignment and explain how these are maintained for a ship. c. What is the difference between a type A and a type B ships. d. Using a diagram indicate the freeboard of type A, type B, type B60, type B100 vessels giving an example of each type. [Em03/04], [Em 06-07], [10/07], [3/08], [10/05], a. Describe the preparation necessary before the application (in dry dock) of sophisticated or approved long life coating to the underwater surface of the hull. b. State the significance of the roughness profile. c. List the different sophisticated coatings which are available. [8/05], [4/04], [6/08], [1/11], [6/11(9/10)], a. i. State the dangers involved. [8/05], [6/11(9/10)], ii. State what publications give guidance on safety. b. Sketch and describe the operation of an explosimeter suitable foe testing pump rooms or tanks. c. Define the terms lower and upper flammable limits illustrating your answer by means rough sketch of a hydrocarbon vapour oxygen graph.

43.

44.

45.

a. State, with reasons, the locality and extent of damage which may be sustained by the hull structure of a ship being driven hard through heavy seas. b. Describe how the damage stated in (a) may be repaired. [7/05], [5/05],

46. Describe the in-water survey to classification society requirements of the external underwater structure of a very large crude carrier. [5/05](ekg78), 47. A rudder of a vessel requires extensive welding repairs and as second engineer you are requested to supervise [5/05](ekg4), [1/05], [1/04], [6/11(9/10)], a. Suggest a suitable type of welding process b. State with reasons 4 common welding defects. c. State what tests may be carried out before returning the rudder to service.

48. Define the term freeboard. Sketch and describe the free board markings. What factors govern the position of these markings? [3/05], 49. a. Sketch a section through a funnels uptake showing how allowances for expansion and contraction are made and the method of funnel support. b. Describe the arrangement sketched in (a) making reference to its fittings. [3/05],

50. With reference to the ships anchor cable arrangement using simple sketches, illustrate hoe each of the

following are attach to the ship. a. Cable stopper; b. Anchor windlass; c. Chain locker end of cable elenchus. [3/05], 51. a. Describe the safety precautions which are taken when using paints. b. Describe the use of self-polishing anti-fouling paint, and the proposed banning of tributyltin (TBT). [2/05], [1/10],

52. Describe the effect of the following on the ships stability; a. Ice formation on superstructure. b. Effect of wind and waves; c. Changes that takes place during the ships voyage; d. Bilging of a compartment; e. While water is being pumped out from the dry dock. [2/05], [2/10], 53. Compare and contrast between the structural features of an off shore supply vessel and a sea going tug. Illustrate your answer with sketches. [1/05], 54. Sketch and describe deck strengthening arrangements in way of a lifeboat davit of a ship. Show attachment of davit to the boat deck. [1/05], 55. Sketch and describe the following: a. Bulbous bow; b. Structural arrangements to resist pounding. [Em03/04], 56. How is an inclining experiment carried out on a ship. State the various procedures involved. [7/04], 57. Foreign going vessels are required to possess a valid safety equipment certificate renewed at intervals after survey of the safety equipment. a. Compile a list of items that are contained in the safety equipment survey. b. From the list compiled in (a) select two ship systems, explain how they would be examined and identify possible defects, which may require your regular attention. [4/04](ekg70), [2/08], [10/09], 58. Describe the routine maintenance required for the means of protection against each of the following engine faults in a vessel operating with UMS: a. Crankcase explosion; b. Scavenge fire; c. External fire on the engine; d. loss of lubricating oil pressure; e. Engine overload. [4/04](refer mep m/e27), 59. With reference to a periodically unattended machinery space of a dry cargo vessel discuss the requirements for [Em 06-07], a. Protection against flooding. b. Control of propulsion machinery from the navigating bridge. 60. would the following tests be carried out on the ships hull during dry dock. i. Hammer; ii. Hose a. Briefly identify which parts of the external plating of ships hulls requires the closest attention.

61. Describe how you would construct a cement box to deal with a leakage from a defective shell frame below the water line out at sea. [1/08], 62. Describe a forced ventilation system for the machinery spaces and a natural ventilation system for a lower hold. Why hold ventilation is considered necessary? [1/08], 63. State the parts of the ship to be examined whilst the vessel is in dry dock, and the nature of the examinations you would make. [1/08], 64. a. Explain the purpose of fitting external anodes to a ships hull. [Em07-08], [10/08], [2/10],

b. i) Sketch a method of securing external anodes to the ships hull. ii) Show, with the aid of a sketch, where external anodes are placed. iii) Explain how it may be ascertained that anode replacement is necessary. 65. a. Sketch a bearing designed to transfer the full weight of the rudder to the ships structure. b. Describe the consequences if the rudder carrier bearing surfaces become heavily scored. c. Describe the consequences of and the action to be taken, if the carrier shatters. [Em07-08], [10/08], [2/10],

SECTION-2 (THEORY)
1. What do you understand by reserve buoyancy, what will happen if the lost buoyancy is greater than the reserve buoyancy? [7/07], [Em06/07], [5/06], [10/05], [8/08], [9/08], [1/10], 2. Describe the general precautions to be taken against capsizing. [7/07], [6/07], [3/07], [2/07], [Em06/07], [5/06], [1/06], [10/05], [8/08], 3. Describe the factors to consider in order to determine whether a list is due to a negative GM or to uneven distribution of masses in a ship. [7/07], [Em06/07], [5/06], [10/05], [8/08], [9/08], [2/10], 4. Describe the effect of cavitation on: [9/08], [10/08], [12/09], [1/10], [2/10], i. The thrust and torque; ii. The propeller blades. [7/07], [6/07], [Em06/07], [5/06], [1/06], [10/05], [9/05], [10/07], [4/08], [Em07-08], [8/08], 5. Describe the procedure for speed, power and fuel consumption trials. [7/07], [Em06/07], [5/06], [10/05], [4/05], [8/08], [9/08], [6/09], [2/10], [11/10], 6. Why is it important in a tender ship to keep the double bottom tanks pressed up. [6/07], [5/07], [9/06], [2/06], [Em05/06], [4/05], [8/04], [8/07], [3/09], [6/09], [8/09], [Em10-11], [11/10], 7. Describe briefly the significance of the factor of subdivision. [6/07](11c), [9/05], [7/05], [Em10-11], 8. Describe the stability requirements of a ship for dry-docking. [6/07], [1/07], [3/06], [9/05], [10/07], [2/08], [4/08], [Em07-08], [10/08], [10/09], [12/09], [1/10], 9. What factors influence the frictional resistance of a ship and what formula is used to calculate this resistance. [5/07], [9/06], [Em05/06], [8/04], [3/09], 10. Explain how wave profile affects the shear-force curve and bending moment curve. [4/07], [9/04], [11/08], [3/11], 11. What is the affect on fuel consumption per unit time, if the ships speed is outside its operating range? [4/07], [4/05], [9/04], [11/08], [6/09], [4/10], [11/10], [3/11], 12. List the variables which affect the force on a rudder. [4/07], [9/04], [11/08], [4/10], [3/11], 13. Explain what is meant by torsional stress. [4/07], [1/06], [11/08], [4/10], [3/11], 14. List the main factors which affect the rolling period of a vessel. [4/07], [11/08], [4/10], [3/11], 15. Explain the term angle of loll and state what, if any, dangers it poses to a vessel. [3/07], ( Explain the dangers to vessel at an angle of loll) [2/07], 16. Explain what is meant by assigned summer free board. [3/07], 17. Explain the purpose of the rudder carrier and pintles. [3/07],

18. Describe with sketches the arrangement of a power operator sliding water tight door. [3/07], 19. Explain the use of KN curves. [2/07], [6/05], [2/05], [7/09], [11/09], [3/10], 20. Describe how the force on the ships bottom and the GM vary when grounding takes place. [2/07], [6/05], [2/05], [7/09], [11/09], [2/10], [4/10], 21. Explain what are volumetric heeling moments. [2/07], [7/05], [Em10-11], 22. Explain the purpose of non-watertight longitudinal subdivision of tanks. [1/07] (7), [3/06], 23. Describe how thrust power is determined. [1/07], [3/06], 24. Explain why the amplitude of ship motion should be limited. [1/07], [3/06], 25. Explain the effect of bilging a centerline compartment located away from amidships. [1/07], [3/06], [2/08], [10/09], 26. Explain why the bilging of empty double bottom tanks that are wholly below the waterline leads to an increase in GM. [8/06], [2/06], [Em05/06], [11/05], [8/05], [8/07], [9/07], [6/08], [8/09], [9/09], 27. Explain the effect on stability when a tank is partially filled with liquid. [8/06],[11/05],[9/07],[6/08],[9/09], 28. Explain how trim occurs, and (Explain the effect of trim on tank soundings.) [2/06], [8/06], [11/05], [5/05], [8/07], [9/07], [6/08], [8/09], [9/09], [8/10], 29. Explain the effect on GM during the filling of a double bottom tank. [8/06], [Em05/06], [11/05], [9/07], [6/08], [9/09], [8/10], 30. How the distribution of mass within the ship affects the rolling period. [7/06], [9/05], [10/07], [3/08], [4/08], [Em07-08], [10/08], [12/09], [3/10], [7/10], [8/10], [Em08-09], 31. Explain how increase of draught and displacement influence rolling. [7/06], [1/08], [3/08], [7/10], [Em08-09], 32. Describe the fundamental principle of a propeller. [7/06], [1/08], [3/08], [7/10], [Em08-09], 33. Explain what is meant by: [7/06], [1/08], [3/08], [7/10], [Em08-09], a. Wave-making resistance; b. Frictional resistance; c. Eddy-making resistance. 34. Explain how to distinguish between list and loll and describe how to return the ship to the upright in each case. [7/06], [3/05], [1/08], [3/08], [Em07-08], [10/08], [1/10], [7/10], 35. Describe the effect of GM on rolling. [6/06], [10/04], [2/09], [12/10], 36. State why for dry-docking a ship should have adequate initial metacentric height, be upright and have a small or moderate trim, normally by the stern. [6/06], [10/04], [2/09], [12/10], 37. Explain the considerations which govern the size and shape of a rudder. [6/06], [4/05], [10/04], [2/09], [6/09], [11/10], [12/10], 38. State what is meant by the term floddable length illustrating your answer by drawing a typical curve of floodable length of a ship? [6/06], [10/04], [Em 06-07], [2/09], [12/10],

39. If resistance SV2 and S 2/3, derive the admiralty coefficient formula. [6/06], [10/04], [2/09], [12/10], 40. Describe how water tightness is maintained where bulkheads are pierced by longitudinal, beams or pipes. [4/06], [6/11(9/10)], 41. Distinguish between ships of type A and type B for the purpose of computation of free board.[4/06], 42. Explain the reasons for fitting bulbous bow. [4/06], [1/06], [7/05], 43. Explain what is meant by singing of propeller. [4/06], 44. Describe measures which may be taken to improve the stability or trim of damaged ships. [4/06], 45. What is form stability & weight stability. [2/06], [5/05], [8/07], [8/09], 46. Define hull efficiency and propeller efficiency. [2/06], [5/05], [8/07], [8/09], 47. Explain how the distribution of masses affects rolling and pitching. [9/05](30 II), [10/07], [4/08], [Em07-08], [10/08], [12/09], [1/10], 48. Describe the ways in which an unstable ship can be made stable. [8/05], 49. Describe the process of correcting a negative GM. [8/05], 50. Explain why the rudder angle does not normally exceeds 35o. [8/05], 51. List the components of residuary resistance. [8/05], [3/05], 52. Explain why the GM must remain positive until the critical instant at which the ship takes the blocks overall. [7/05], [Em10-11], 53. With reference to dynamical stability, describe the effect of an increase in wind pressure when a vessel is at its maximum angle of roll to windward. [7/05], [1/05], [Em10-11], 54. List the precautions necessary before an inclining experiment is carried out. [6/05], [2/05], [7/09], [11/09], [3/10], 55. Define longitudinal center of gravity (LCG) and longitudinal centre of buoyancy (LCB). [6/05], [2/05], [7/09], [11/09], [3/10], 56. Describe briefly the significance of the factor of safety. [5/05], 57. Describe the movement of a ship with negative metacentric height. [3/05], 58. (Explain what is meant by left and right handed propellers *), and also explain the rotation of propellers in a twin screw ship. [3/05], [1/05 *], 59. Describe the procedure to be followed if a ships hull is holed, and explain the limiting factors on temporary repairs. [1/05], 60. Define coefficient of fineness of waterplane area, block coefficient and midship coefficient. [Em 06-07], 61. Explain the concept of dynamical stability. {see Qno:53} [Em 06-07],

62. Describe water pressure loads on the ships hull. 63. Explain what is ment by i) underdeck tonnage; ii) gross tonnage; iii) net tonnage and iv) deadweight. 64. What is meant by the admiralty coefficient and the fuel coefficient? [6/11(9/10)],

SECTION-2 (NUMERICAL)
HYDROSTATICS

3. The end bulkhead of the wing tank of an oil tanker has the following widths at 3m intervals, commencing at the deck: 6.0, 6.0, 5.3, 3.6 and 0.6 m. Calculate the load on the bulkhead and the position of the centre of pressure if the tank is full of oil rd 0.8. [2/07], [2/06], [1/04], [8/07], [8/09], 4. A triangular bulkhead is 7m wide at the top and has a vertical depth of 8m. Calculate the load on the bulkhead and the position of centre of pressure if the bulkhead is flooded with sea water on only side: i. to the top edge; ii. With 4m head to the top edge. [4/06](10TE1), [6/11(9/10)], 7. A double bottom tank containing seawater is 6m long, 12m wide and 1m deep. The inlet pipe from the pump has its centre 75 mm above the outer bottom. In i) if there is no outlet ii) if the overflow pipe extends 5m above the tank top. [Em06-07], 8. A double bottom tank 1.15 m deep has transverse floors 0.9m apart connected to tank top by rivets spaced 7 diameters apart. When the tank is filled with oil (rd 081) to the top of the sounding pipe, the pressure on the outer bottom is 1.06 bar, while the stress in the rivets in the tank top is 320 bar. Calculate; i) the height of the sounding pipe above the tank top; ii) the diameter of the rivets. [4/10],

DISPLACEMENT, T.P.C., COEFFICIENTS OF FORM

1. A box barge 45m long and 15m wide floats at a level keel draught of 2m in sea water, the load being uniformly distributed over the full length. Two masses, each of 30 tonne, are loaded at 10m from each end and 50 tonne is evenly distributed between them. Sketch the shear force diagram and give the maximum shear force. [5/07], [9/06], [8/04], [3/09], [1/11], 2. A box-shaped vessel is 20 m long and 10 m wide. The weight of the vessel is uniformly distributed through out the length and the draught is 2.5m. The vessel contains ten evenly spaced double bottom tanks, each having a depth of 1 m. Draw the shear force diagrams: a. With No.1 and No. 10 tanks filled ; b. With No.3 and No. 8 tanks filled; c. With No.5 and No. 6 tanks filled. Which ballast condition is to be preferred from the strength of point of view? [4/07], [9/06], [4/06], [8/04], [11/08], [3/09], [6/09], [4/10], [11/10], [3/11], 3. A vessel has a maximum allowable draught of 8.5 m in fresh water and 8.25m in seawater of 1.026 t/m3 , the TPC in the seawater being 27.5. The vessel is loaded in river water of 1.012 t/m3 to a draught of 8.44m. If it now moves into seawater, is it necessary to pump out any ballast and if so, how much? [6/06], [10/04], [2/09], [12/10],

5. The following data are available from the hydrostatic curves of a vessel. [Em03/04], [6/11(9/10)], Draught KB KM I (m) (m) (m) (m)4 4.9 2.49 10.73 65250 5.2 2.61 10.79 68860 Calculate the TPC at a draught of 5.05 m. 8. An oil tanker 160m long and 22m beam floats at a draught of 9m in seawater. Cw is 0.865. The midship section is in the form of a rectangle with 1.2m radius at bilges. A midship tank 10.5m long has twin longitudinal bulkheads and contains oil of 1.4 m3/t to a depth of 11.5m . The tank is holed to the sea for the whole of its transverse section. Find the new draught. [6/11(9/10)],

CALCULATION OF AREA, VOLUME, FIRST AND SECOND MOMENTS

1. The ordinates of waterplane at 15m intervals, commencing from aft are 1,7,10.5,11,11,10.5,8,4 and 0m. Calculate: i. TPC; ii. Distance of the centre of flotation from midships. iii. Second moment of the waterplane about a transverse axis through the centre of flotation. [4/07], [3/07], [Em03/04], [9/04], [6/04], [11/08], [4/10], [3/11], [6/11(9/10)], 2. The immersed cross-sectional areas of a ship 120m long, commencing from aft are 2, 40, 79, 100, 103, 104, 104, 103, 97, 58 and 0 m2. Calculate : i. Displacement; ii. Longitudinal position of the centre of buoyancy. [8/06](TE-11), [Em05/06], [11/05], [9/07], [6/08], [9/09], 3. A forward deep tank 12m long extends from a longitudinal bulkhead to the ships side. The widths of the tank surface measured from the longitudinal bulkhead at regular intervals are 10, 9, 7 and 1 m. Calculate the second moment of area of the tank surface about a longitudinal axis passing through its centroid. [5/06], [9/08], [1/10], 4. A ship 75m long has semi ordinates at the load water plane commencing from forward as follows: 0,1,2,4,5,5,5,4,3,2 and 0 meters respectively. The spacing between the first three semi ordinates and the last three semi ordinates is half of that between the other semi-ordinates. Find the position of the centre of floatation relative to amidships. [1/11],

CENTRE OF GRAVITY
1. A ship of 11200 tonne displacement has a double bottom tank containing oil, whose centre of gravity is 16.5m and 6.6m below the centre of gravity of the ship. When the oil is used the ships centre of gravity moves 380mm. calculate: i. the mass of oil used; ii. The angles which the centre of gravity moves relative to the horizontal. [8/06], [11/05], [9/07], [6/08], [9/09], 2. A vessel of 8000 tonne displacement has 75 tonne of cargo on the deck. It is lifted by a derrick whose head is 10.5m above the centre of gravity of the cargo, and placed in the lower hold 9m below the deck and 14m forward of its original position. Calculate the shift in the vessels centre of gravity from its original position when the cargo is: i. just clear of the deck; ii. At the derrick head; iii. In its final position. [5/06](7TE4), [2/06], [2/04], [8/07], [9/08], [8/09], [10/09], [2/10],

3. A ship of 4000 tonne displacement has a mass of 50 tonne on board, on the centre line of the tank top. A derrick, whose head is 18m above the CG of the mass, is used to lift it. Find the shift in the ships centre of gravity from its original position when the mass is i) lifted just clear of the tank top ii) raised to the derrick head iii) placed on the deck 12m above the tank top. [2/08],

STABILITY OF SHIPS
1. A ship of 8100 tonne displacement floats upright in seawater. KG= 7.5m and GM=0.45m. A tank, whose centre of gravity is 0.5m above the keel and 4m from the centerline, contains 100 tonne of water ballast. Neglecting free surface effect, calculate the angle of heel when the ballast is pumped out. [7/07], [3/06], [10/05], [10/04], [1/07], [Em06/07], [8/08], 2. The righting moments of a ship at angles of heel of 0, 15o, 30o, 45o and 60o are 0, 1690, 5430, 9360 and 9140 kNm respectively. Calculate the dynamical stability at 60o. [7/07], [6/07], [Em06/07], [10/05], [9/05], [1/05], [10/07], [4/08], [Em07-08], [8/08], [10/08], [12/09], [3/10], [8/10], 3. A ship turns in a circle of radius 100 meters at a speed of 15 knots. The GM is 2/3 meters and BG is meter. If g = 981 cm/sec2 and 1 knot is equal to 1.8532 Km/hour, find the heel due to turning. [6/07], [9/05], [10/07], [4/08], [Em07-08], [10/08], [12/09], [1/10], 5. A ship of 5000 tonne displacement has a double bottom tank 12m long. The breadths of the top of the tank are 5,4 and 2m respectively. The tank has a watertight centre line division. Calculate the free surface effect if the tank is partially full of fresh water on one side only. [1/07], [7/06], [3/06], [3/08],[7/10], 6. A ship of 6600 tonne displacement has KG 3.6m and KM 4.3m. A mass of 50 tonne is now lifted from the quay by one of the ships derricks whose head is 18m above the keel. The ship heels to a maximum of 9.50 while the mass is being transferred. Calculate the out reach of the derrick from the ships centerline. [8/06], [11/05], [9/07], [6/08], [8/10], 7. A ship of 8000 tonnes displacement has KM 7.5m, and KG 7.0m. A double bottom tank is 12metres long 15 meters wide and 1 meter deep. The tank is divided longitudinally at the centre line and both sides are full of salt water. Calculate the list if one side is pumped out until it is half empty. [8/06], [6/08], [8/10], 8. A ship of 9900 tones displacement has KM= 7.3 m and KG = 6.4 m she has yet to load two fifty tonne lifts with her own gear and the first lift is to be placed on deck on the inshore side (KG 9m and centre of gravity 6m out from the centre line). When the derrick plumbs the quay its head is 15m above the keel and 12m out from the centre line. Calculate the maximum list during operation. [2/07], [8/06], [Em05/06], [11/05], [1/08], [6/08], [9/09], [8/10], 9. A pontoon has a constant cross-section as shown in fig. the metacentric height is 2.5m. Find the height of the centre of gravity above the keel. [7/06], [4/04], [1/08], [3/08], [7/10], [Em08-09,9/10],

18m

12m W L

5m 2.5 m

10. A double bottom tank is 23m long. The half breadths of the top of the tank are 5.5, 4.6, 4.3, 3.7, and 3.0m respectively. When the ship displaces 5350 tonne, the loss in metacentric height due to free surface is 0.2m. Calculate the density of the liquid in the tank. [2/06](56CL-I), [8/07], [8/09],

15. A box shaped vessel 65m x 12m x 8m has KG 4m and is floating in salt water upright on an even keel at 4m draft F and A. Calculate the moments of statical stability at a. 5 degrees and b. 25 degrees heel. [7/05], [Em10-11], 16. A ship of 15000 tonne displacement has righting levers of 0, 0.38, 1.0, 1.41 and 1.2m at angles of heel of 00, 150, 300, 450 and 600 respectively and an assumed KG of 7.0 m. The vessel is loaded to this displacement but the KG is found to be 6.80 m and GM 1.5 m. i. Draw the amended stability curve ii. Estimate the dynamic stability at 600. [7/05], [Em10-11], 17. A box barge 33m long and 5.5m wide has a light displacement and KG of 216 tonne and 2.75m respectively. 80 tonne of machinery are put on board and in order to maintain stability 54 tonne of ballast are at Kg 0.15m. The final GM is 0.13 m. Calculate the Kg of the added machinery. [7/05], [Em03/04], [Em10-11], 18. A ship of 8000 tonnes displacement takes the ground on a sand bank on a falling tide at an even keel draft of 5.2 meters. KG 4.0 meters. The predicted depth of water over the same bank at the following low water is 3.2 meters. Calculate the GM at this time assuming that the KM will then be 5.0 metres and that the mean TPC is 15 tonne. [6/05], [2/05], [9/07], [7/09], [11/09], [2/10], [4/10],

24. A box shaped vessel of length 100 meters and breadth 18 meters, floats in salt water on an even keel at 7.5meters draft. KG= 4 meters. The ship has a continuous center line bulkhead which is watertight. Find the list if a compartment amidships, which is 15meters long and is empty, is bilged on one side. [2/08], [10/09], 25. A vessel travelling at 17 knots turns with a radius of 450 m when the rudder is put hard over. The centre of gravity is 7 m above the keel, the transverse metacentre 7.45 m above the keel and the centre of buoyancy 4 m above the keel. If the centripetal force is assumed to act at the centre of buoyancy, calculate the angle of heel when turning. The rudder force may be ignored. [4/10],

TRIM

1. A ship whose length is 110 m has MCT 1cm 55 tonne m; TPC 9; LCF 1.5m forward of midships and floats at draughts of 4.20m forward and 4.45m aft. Calculate the new draughts after the following masses have been added: 20 tonne 40 m aft of midships; 50 tonne 23 m aft of midships; 30 tonne 02 m aft of midships; 70 tonne 06 m forward of midships; 15 tonne 30 m forward of midships. [7/07], [3/07], [Em06/07], [10/05], [7/04], [6/04], [8/08], 2. A ship 120m long has a light displacement of 4000 tonne and LCG in this condition 2.5m aft of midships. [6/07], [9/05], [10/07], [4/08], [Em07-08], [10/08], [12/09], [1/10], [8/10], The following items are then added: Cargo 10000 tonne LCG 3.0m forward of midships Fuel 1500 tonne LCG 2.0m aft of midships Water 400 tonne LCG 8.0m aft of midships Stores 100 tonne LCG 10.0m forward of midships Using the following hydrostatic data, calculate the final draughts: Draught Displacement MCT1 cm LCB from midships LCF from midships (m) (t) (tm) (m) (m) 8.50 8.00 16650 15350 183 175 1.94 F 2.10 F 1.20 A 0.60 F

3. A ship 130m long displaces 14000 tonne when floating at draughts of 7.5m forward and 8.10m aft. GML 125m, TPC 18, LCF 3m aft of midships. Calculate the final draughts when a mass of 180 tonne lying 40m aft of midships is removed from the ship. [6/07], [9/05], [10/07], [4/08], [Em07-08], [10/08], [12/09], [1/10], 4. A ship 125m long displaces 12000 tonne. When a mass of 100 tonne is moved 75m from forward to aft there is a change in trim of 65 cm by the stern. Calculate: [4/07], [9/04], [11/08], [3/11], i. MCT 1 cm; ii. The longitudinal metacentric height; iii. The distance moved by the centre of gravity of the ship. 8. A ship of 14000 tonne displacement is 125m long and floats at draughts of 7.9m forward and 8.5m aft. The TPC is 19, GML 120m and LCF 3m forward of midships. It is required to bring the vessel to an even keel draught of 8.5m. Calculate the mass which should be added and the distance of the centre of the mass from midships. [7/06], [3/08], [7/10], [Em08-09,9/10], 9. A ship 90m long displaces 5200 tone and floats at draughts of 4.95m forward and 5.35 m aft when sea water of 1023 Kg/m3. The waterplane area is 1100m2, GML 95m, LCB 0.6m forward of midships and LCF 2.2 m aft of midships. Calculate the new draughts when the vessel moves into fresh water of 1002 Kg/m3. [1/07], 11. A ship 120m long floats at draughts of 5.50m forward and 5.80m aft; MCT 1 cm 80 tonne m, TPC 13, LCF 2.5m forward of midships. Calculate the new draughts when a mass of 110 tonne is added 24m aft of midships. [6/06], [6/05], [2/05], [10/04], [2/09], [7/09], [11/09], [3/10], [12/10], 12. A ship of 3000 tonnes displacement is 100m long has KM = 6m; KG = 5.5m. The centre of flotation is 2m aft of midships. MCTC = 40 tonnes-m. Find the maximum trim for the ship to enter a dry dock if the metacentric height at the critical instant before the ship takes the blocks forwarded and aft is to be not less than 0.3m. [6/06], [9/07], [2/09], [12/10], [1/11],

13. A ship 150m long floats at draught s of 8.20m forward and 8.90m aft. MCT 1 cm 260 tonne m, TPC 28 and LCF 1.5m aft of midships. It is necessary to bring the vessel to an even keel and a double bottom tank 60m forward of midships is available. Calculate the mass of water required and the final draught. [5/06], [5/04], [9/08], [2/10],

14. The draught of a ship 170m long are 6.85 m forward and 7.50 m aft. MCT 1 cm 300 tonne m; TPC 28; LCF 3.5 m forward of midships. Calculate the new draughts after the following changes in loading have taken place; [4/06](7TE6), 160 tonne added 63m aft of midships 200 tonne added 27m forward of midships 120 tonne removed75m aft of midships 70 tonne removed 16m aft of midships 16. A ship of 22000 tonne displacement is 160m long, MCT 1cm 280 tonne m, waterplane area 3060 m2, centre of buoyancy 1m aft of midships and centre of flotation 4m aft of midships. It floats in water of 1.007 t/m3 at draughts of 8.15m forward and 8.75 m aft. Calculate the new draughts if the vessel moves into seawater of 1.026 t/m3. [2/06], [8/07], [8/09], 17. A ship enters a harbour and discharges 6% of its displacement. It when travels upriver to a berth and the total change in draught is found to be 20 cm. The densities of the harbour and berth water are respectively 1.023 t/m3 and the TPC in the harbour water is 19, Calculate the original displacement and the state whether the draught has been increased or reduced. [11/05], [9/09], 18. A ship of 5000 tonnes displacement enters a drydock trimmed 0.45 m by the stern. KM = 7.5m, KG = 6.0 m, MCTC = 120 tonnes-m. The centre of flotation is 60m from aft. Find the effective metacentric height at the critical instant before the ship takes the blocks overall, assuming that the transverse metacentre rises 0.075 m. [7/05], [5/05], [Em10-11], 19. A box shaped vessel, 50metres long x 10 meters wide, floats in salt water on an even keel at draft of 4meters. A center line longitudinal watertight bulkhead extends from end to end for the full depth of the vessel. A compartment amidships on the starboard side is 15 metre long and contains cargo with permeability 30 %. Calculate the list if this compartment is bilged KG = 3 meters. [6/05], [5/05], [2/05], [7/09], [11/09], [3/10], 20. A ship 150 meters long arrives at the mouth of a river with drafts 5.5m F and 6.3m A. MCT 1 cm = 200 tonnes m. TPC 15 tonnes. Centre of flotation is 1.5m. aft of midships. The ship has then to proceed up the river where the maximum draft permissible is 6.2 m. It is decided that SW ballast will be run into the forepeak tank to reduce the draft aft to 6.2m. If the centre of gravity of the forepeak tank is 60 meters forward of the centre of flotation, find the minimum amount of water which must be run in and also find the final draft forward. [5/05], [1/11], 22. A box shaped pontoon is 36 meters long, 4 meters wide and floats in salt water at draughts F 2.0 m and A 4.0 m. Find the new draughts if the pontoon now passes into fresh water. [1/05], [1/08], 27. A ship 120m long displaces 8000 tonne, GML is 102m, TPC 17.5 and LCF 2m aft of midships. It arrives in port with draughts of 6.3m forward and 6.6m aft. During the voyage the following changes in loading have taken place: Fuel used 200tonne 18m forward of midships Water used 100 tonne 3m aft of midships Stores used 10 tonne 9m aft of midships

Ballast added 300 tonne 24m forward of midships Calculate the original draughts. [2/08], [10/09],

RESISTANCE
1. A ship 150m long and 19m floats at a draught of 8m and has a block coefficient of 0.68. i. If the Admiralty Coefficient is 600, calculate the shaft power required at 18 knots. ii. If the speed is now increased to 21 knots, and within this speed range resistance varies as speed3, find the new shaft power. [7/07], [Em06/07], [10/05], [8/08], 2. A ship of 6000 tonne displacement has a wetted surface area of 2500 m2 and a speed of 15 knots. i. Calculate the corresponding speed and wetted surface area of a similar ship of 2000 tonne displacement. ii. If the skin resistance is of the form R = 0.45 S V1.83 N; Find the resistance of the 6000 tonne ship. [6/09], [Em10-11], [11/10], [5/07], [9/06], [Em05/06], [4/06], [8/04], [4/04], [3/09], 3. The frictional resistance of a ship in fresh water at 3m/s is 11 N/m2. The ship has a wetted surface area of 2500 m2 and the frictional resistance is 72% of the total resistance and varies as speed1.92. If the effective power is 1100kW, calculate the speed of the ship. [4/07], [7/05], [4/06], [9/04], [11/08], [6/09], [4/10],[11/10], [3/11], 6. When a ship is 800 nautical miles from port its speed is reduced by 20%, there by reducing the daily fuel consumption by 42 tonne and arriving in port with 50 tonne on board. If the fuel consumption in t/h is given by the expression (0.136+0.001 V3) where V is the speed in knots, estimate: i. The reduced consumption per day. ii. The amount of fuel on board when the speed was reduced. iii. The percentage decrease in consumption for the latter part of the voyage. iv. The percentage increases in time for this latter period. [7/06], [4/06], [1/06], [1/08], [3/08], [7/10], [Em08-09,9/10], 7. A ship 160m long, 22m beam and 9.2m draught has a block coefficient of 0.765. The pitch of the propeller is 4m and when it turns at 96 rev/min the true slip is 33%, the wake fraction 0.335 and shaft power 2900 kW. Calculate the admiralty coefficient and the shaft power at 15 knots. [6/06], [10/04], [2/09], [12/10], 8. The mass of ships machinery is given by the formula: m = k 2/3 V3 tonne. A ship of 2890 tonne displacement and speed of 14 knots has a machinery mass of 410 tonne. i. calculate the mass of the machinery of a similar ship of 3000 tonne displacement at the corresponding speed. ii. If the 2890 tonne ship required 2920 kW shaft power, calculate the shaft power required by the 3000 tonne ship. [5/06], [1/11], 12. A ship of 14900 tonne displacement has a shaft power of 4460 kw at 14.55 knots. The power is reduced to 4120 kw and the fuel consumption at the same displacement is 541 kg/h. Calculate the fuel coefficient for the ship. [6/11(9/10)],

PROPELLERS
1. An oil tanker has LBP 142m, beam 18.8m and draught 8m. It displaces 17000 tonne in seawater of 1.025 t/m3. The face pitch ratio of the propeller is 0.673 and the diameter 4.8m. The results of the speed trail show

that the true slip may be regarded as constant over a range of speeds of 9 to 12 knots and is 35%. The wake fraction may be calculated from the equation: w = 0.5Cb 0.05; [7/07], [Em06/07], [10/05], [8/08], If the vessel uses 20 tonne of fuel per day at 12 knots, and the consumption varies as (speed)3. Find the consumption per day at 100 rev/min. 2. A propeller 4.6m diameter has a pitch of 4.3m and boss diameter of 0.75m. The real slip is 28% at 95 rev/min. Calculate the speed of advance, thrust and thrust power. [6/07], [9/05], [10/07], [4/08], [Em07-08], [10/08], [12/09], [1/10], 3. A propeller has a pitch ratio of 0.95. When turning at 120 rev/min the real slip is 30%, the wake fraction 0.28 and the ship speed 16 knots. The thrust is found to be 400 KN, the torque 270 KNm and the QPC 0.67. Calculate : a. The propeller diameter; b. The shaft power; c. The propeller efficiency; d. The thrust deduction factor. [5/07], [9/06], [8/04], [3/09], 4. A propeller of 4m pitch has an efficiency of 67%. When turning at 125 rev/min the real slip is 36% and the delivered power 2800kW. Calculate the thrust of the propeller. [4/07], [4/06], [1/05], [9/04], [11/08], [6/09], [4/10], [11/10], [3/11], 6. A propeller 6m diameter has a pitch ratio of 0.9, BAR 0.48 and , when turning at 110 rev/min, has a real slip of 25% and wake fraction 0.30. If the propeller delivers a thrust of 300 kN and the propeller efficiency is 0.65, calculate: [7/06], [4/06], [1/06], [3/05], [1/08], [3/08], [7/10], [Em08-09,9/10], i. Blade area; ii. Ship speed; iii. Thrust power; iv. Shaft power; v. Torque. 7. A ship 120m long displaces 10500 tonne and has a wetted surface area of 3000 m2. At 15 knots the shaft power is 4100 kW, propulsive coefficient 0.6 and 55% of the thrust is available to overcome frictional resistance. Calculate the shaft power required for a similar ship 140m long at the corresponding speed. f = 0.42 and n = 1.825. [5/06], [8/05], [7/04], [9/08], [2/10], 8. A ship of 15000 tonne displacement has an admiralty coefficient, based on shaft power, of 420. The mechanical efficiency of the machinery is 83%, shaft losses 6%, propeller efficiency 65% and QPC 0.71. At a particular speed the thrust power is 2550 kW. Calculate: i. indicated power; ii. Effective power; iii. Ship speed. [5/06], [7/04], [5/04], [2/04], [9/08], [2/10], 9. When a propeller of 4.8m pitch turns at 110 rev/min, the apparent slip is found to be s% and the real slip is +1.5s%. If the wake speed is 25% of the ship speed, calculate the ship speed the apparent slip and the real slip. [2/06](4TE8), [8/07], [8/09], 11. The following data are available for a twin screw vessel. V (knots) 15 16 17 18 epn (kW) 3000 3750 4700 5650 QPC 0.73 0.73 0.72 0.71 Calculate the service speed if the brake power for each engine is 3500 kW. The transmission efficiency is 3% and the allowances for weather and appendages 30%. [8/05], [2/08], [10/09], 12. A ship travels at 15 knots and has a QPC of 0.865 with a delivered power of 2600 kW. The apparent slip is 5% and the real slip is 28 %. Calculate the total resistance and the wake friction. [6/05], [2/05], [7/09], [11/09], [3/10],

RUDDER THEORY

1. A ship of 12000 tonne displacement has a rudder 15m2 in area, whose centre is 5m below the waterline. The metacentric height of the ship is 0.3m and the centre of buoyancy is 3.3m below the waterline. When traveling at 20 knots the rudder is turned through 30o. Find the initial angle of heel if the force Fn perpendicular to the plane of the rudder is given by: Fn = 577 Av2 sin N . Allow 20% for the race effect. [12/10], [5/07], [9/06], [6/06], [Em05/06], [8/05], [6/05], [4/06], [2/05], [10/04], [8/04], [2/08], [2/09], [3/09], [6/09], [7/09], [10/09], [11/09], [3/10], [11/10],

Total 65+64+102 =231