Directory of Industrial Biomass Boilers and Combined Heat and Power

Directory of Industrial Biomass Boilers and Combined Heat and Power Equipment
This directory was published in partnership with:
Section 1
Envirolink Northwest Spencer House 91 Dewhurst Road Birchwood Warrington WA3 7PG T +44 (0) 1925 813 200 F +44 (0) 1925 819 031 www.envirolinknorthwest.co.uk info@envirolinknorthwest.co.uk
Section 2 Section 3
03 04 06 07 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 77
Foreword Introduction Boilers and combustion Combustion technology Combined heat and power Advanced conversion technologies At-a-glance manufacturer information Company summary table Summary table Detailed manufacturer information UK map Directory List of UK suppliers
Combustion Engineering Association 1A Clarke Street Ely Bridge Cardiff CF5 5AL T +44 (0) 29 2040 0670 F +44 (0) 29 2055 5542 www.cea.org.uk info@cea.org.uk
CO2Sense Yorkshire Victoria House 2 Victoria Place Leeds LS11 5AE T +44 (0) 113 237 8400 www.co2sense.org.uk info@co2sense.org.uk
This directory was commissioned by Envirolink Northwest. North Energy Associates Limited compiled the bulk of the information as supplied by the listed manufacturers. Reproduction of content needs the written permission of manufacturers, Envirolink Northwest and/or North Energy Associates Limited.
Using this directory The entries in the directory are listed in order of manufacturer. Other useful organisations such as UK agents, suppliers or installers are listed under that manufacturers entry as appropriate. Where appropriate, a UK example of an installation of that manufacturers equipment is given. Some manufacturers have many UK installations of their equipment, others have a number of examples in Europe and few in the UK, while others have many examples in Europe but none in the UK. The specifications and claims made in each listing are those of the manufacturer or agent. We have no way of validating these and they may be based on using a specific fuel. Validation against the specific circumstances you are considering is vital. The inclusion of a manufacturer in the directory does not imply that their equipment complies with relevant UK regulations. This is also the case for manufacturers that have installations in the UK. The specific regulatory requirements of any proposed installation must be examined with the manufacturer of the equipment. Many UK suppliers of European equipment can assist with ensuring that any system designs achieve compliance with UK regulations.
Foreword The European Union is committed to renewable energy deployment and the UK is playing a major role.
In the Renewable Energy Strategy, non-domestic biomass has the third greatest contribution to make in the lead scenario technology mix to meeting the 2020 targets, after wind and transport fuels. In the lead scenario for heat alone, where 12% of heat should come from renewables, the largest contribution is from the industrial sector. This publication originated in Northern England where a strong industrial sector continues to provide a vital contribution to our national economy. These industries consume a large amount of power and heat. Some have already switched to sustainable energy sources helped by a particularly well developed wood and solid recovered fuel supply chain in the North West of England. DECC is confident that energy generation from sustainable fuels will continue its rapid growth in the industrial sector, and that companies across the UK will reap the rewards. We welcome the initiative taken by Envirolink Northwest and the other Northern England agencies in producing this publication.
Andrew Perrins Department of Energy and Climate Change
Introduction
Boilers and combustion Solid combustible biomass material can be used directly as fuel for boilers, giving a range of outputs. The boilers can be used to heat thermal oil or steam as required. The type of combustion technology employed by these boilers is largely dependent on the form of the fuel used and the scale of the system. Different fuels have different physical properties, requiring a variety of equipment and technologies to handle them. For example, some biomass fuels flow easily and others need mechanical transfer to move them around.
Boiler output types: Thermal oil Higher temperatures can be achieved with thermal oil boilers than hot water systems, up to 300C. This makes thermal oil boilers suitable for process heat demands. Unlike steam, thermal oil boilers do not require a specially trained and licensed steam boiler operator. Steam Biomass boilers are available for raising steam. Saturated steam boilers are often used for heat transfer applications, although there are generator prime movers1 that can make use of saturated steam. Super heated steam boilers that utilise biomass fuel are available and may be used for electrical power generation.
Combustion technology Primary combustion air is usually introduced to the fuel bed, or in the case of pulverised fuel, it is mixed with the fuel. This allows the processes of fuel drying, gasification and charcoal combustion to take place. The addition of secondary air then enables the combustible gasses to be burned, usually in a separate combustion zone.
If only dry biomass fuel is to be used, combustion chambers with steel walls can be used. However, if wet biomass fuel is to be used, combustion chambers with insulating bricks should be used to act as thermal accumulators to buffer variations in moisture content and combustion temperature. Biomass boiler types are largely determined by which type of combustion system is required for the fuel. Combustion systems can be divided in to three main types: Pulverised fuel combustion2 Fixed bed Fluidised bed Pulverised fuel combustion Pulverised fuel such as sawdust and fine shavings can be used by injecting them pneumatically into the combustion system. The primary air is used as the transport air. This type of system usually requires an auxiliary burner to achieve the necessary temperature before the biomass fuel is introduced and the auxiliary burner shut down. It is necessary to maintain the moisture content and maximum particle size of the fuel to ensure optimum performance and minimum emissions. The explosion risk which exists with fine biomass particles requires careful control of the fuel feed. The fuel/air mixture is often injected tangentially into a cylindrical furnace muffle to give a rotational flow, which can be enhanced by recirculation of flue gas to the combustion chamber. Muffle furnaces are well suited to the use of dust and fine wood wastes such as those arising from the chipboard industry.
James Proctor boiler
1 Primary movers generally refer to the engine or plant that provides the motive force to drive a generator. 2 Sjaak van Loo and Jaap Koppejan (2008) The Handbook of Biomass Combustion and Co-firing ISBN 9781844072491
Fixed bed combustion Fixed bed combustion systems can be further sub-divided into the various grate furnace technologies which are available, as well as underfed stokers. The main types are fixed grate, travelling grate, moving grate, rotating grate and vibrating grate. Fixed grate systems are not well suited to modern, well-controlled biomass combustion systems. Fuel transport through the combustion zone is achieved by the mechanism of feeding fuel to the boiler and moving the fuel through it. This makes it difficult to achieve high levels of control of the distribution of fuel over the grate. It is usually only applied to small-scale equipment. A travelling grate consists of grate bars that form a continuous band moving through the combustion chamber. The fuel bed does not move, but rather it is transported through the combustion chamber on the grate. The speed of travelling grate systems can be varied to ensure complete burn out of the fuel. The grate is automatically cleaned of ash and dirt at the end of the combustion chamber, before returning to the start. The grate bars may be cooled by primary air on the way back to prevent overheating and to reduce wear. However, as there is no stoking of the embers, a longer burn out time is required than with other types of grate and it is not well suited to non-homogenous fuel as no mixing occurs. A moving grate consists of alternate fixed and movable rows of inclined grate bars. The movable sections are moved forwards and backwards, usually by hydraulic actuators, transporting the fuel along the grate. This leads to good mixing of burned and un-burned fuel. The speed of different grate sections can be controlled independently as required by different stages of the combustion process. Moving grate systems are suitable for a wide variety of fuel types. Primary air can be used to cool the grate when using wet fuel. Water cooled grates can be used with dry fuels or fuels which have a low ash melting point. A rotating grate consists of contra-rotating conical grate sections. It is underfed by screw conveyors and supplied with primary air from below. Ash makes its way to the outside edge of the circular grate and falls into a basin beneath the grate. This type of grate ensures good mixing of the un-burnt and burning fuel and is therefore well suited to the use of wet fuels. In a vibrating grate, primary air is supplied through the fuel from below in an inclined finned tube wall. The vibrations cause the fuel and ash to progress down the inclined grate. This type of grate is used for fuels which have a tendency to form slag as the vibrations prevent the formation of large particles. However, the vibration increases the emission of fly-ash and the fuel and ash transport are difficult to control. Underfed stokers are also available whereby fuel is fed into the combustion chamber from below, usually by a screw auger. The fuel is usually moved up on to a grate and primary air is supplied through the grate. This technology is relatively low cost and quite reliable.
MW power
Fluidised bed combustion In fluidised bed combustion systems, fuels are burned in a suspension of hot bed material consisting of sand, ash and additives or similar inert material. The hot sand/inert material effectively dries and ignites even demanding fuels with low heating value and/or high ash content. Fluidised bed combustion systems have been used widely for large-scale schemes or combustion of municipal and industrial wastes. There are two main fluidised bed technologies: bubbling fluidised bed and circulating fluidised bed. It should be noted that fluidised bed combustion systems generally require long start times of a few hours. Good combustion efficiency can be achieved due to mixing, which minimises the requirement for excess air. The capital investment and the operating cost are high compared to fixed bed systems and fluidised bed combustion plants are usually only found in large-scale developments. With bubbling fluidised bed technology, the sand bed bubbles in the lower part of the furnace. The bed is fluidised by the primary air, which is supplied from below at around 1 to 2m/s. The secondary air is introduced through groups of nozzles higher up the sides of the furnace. The combustion zone retains all fuel heat, thus making bubbling fluidised bed combustion well suited to biomass and recycled fuels. With circulating fluidised bed technology, the fluidising velocity is between 5 and 10m/s, and smaller sand particles are used. The bed material flows together with the flue gas through the furnace, after which it is separated from the gas by cyclones and returned to the lower part of the furnace. This technology is optimal for higher heating value fuels, such as drier biomass, recycled fuels, fossil fuels and co-combustion. The higher turbulence in circulating fluidised bed furnaces leads to better heat transfer and more even temperature distribution in the bed. However, they are usually larger than bubbling fluidised bed systems, and therefore more expensive.
Combined heat and power It is often feasible to utilise biomass in direct combustion processes to provide heat only. This generally requires less capital investment than the cogeneration of heat and power but does not yield such high overall efficiencies.
Good quality CHP is defined by the quality index (QI) of a scheme as specified by Defra. The QI is a function of the electrical power generation efficiency and the heat production efficiency. The criteria used when calculating the QI is dependent on the technology employed, fuel used and capacity. Most examples of biomass CHP schemes are currently located in Europe (mainly Austria, Germany, Denmark and Italy). However, there is growing interest in the UK. Gasification Gasification systems are included under the CHP category (see section REF_Ref235375789\r\h0 for a description of gasification). Gasification technology can be used to produce synthetic gas that can subsequently be used in a gas engine to cogenerate heat and electrical power. Manufacturers of gas engines are not listed in this directory but those of gasification systems are. Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) turbines The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is similar to the thermodynamic cycle of a conventional steam turbine except in the choice of fluid that drives the turbine. ORC turbines use an organic fluid as the working medium (rather than water) to produce steam. The working medium can be silicon, hydrocarbon or refrigerant-based fluids depending on the temperature of the available heat source. This allows operation at relatively low temperatures (70oC to 300oC). ORC technology has been mainly utilised for heat recovery from waste heat streams associated with industrial processes and is also well known in geothermal applications. However, it is now being applied successfully with biomass boilers providing the heat source. ORC generators are generally available in capacities of around 0.3MWe to 2MWe and are well suited to part load operation, giving increased flexibility. Efficiencies of around 17% to 18% can be expected, which is usually higher than that of a steam turbine of comparable size. Steam turbines Steam turbines are generally suitable for electricity or CHP plants using biomass fuel, with an electrical output of greater than around 2MW up to large-scale generation schemes of many megawatts. Steam turbine manufacturers and suppliers are not included in the directory, rather the manufacturers and suppliers of the appropriate boilers have been identified. Biomass steam boilers are available to suit this range of steam turbine capacities. Steam turbines Steam engines (reciprocating and screw type engines) can be used with biomassfired steam raising boilers to generate heat and power. Steam screw engines operating on a similar principle to a screw compressor, except as an expansion machine rather than a compression device, are applicable to small-scale power generation. However, this technology is not common and has not been included in the directory due to the small number of examples. Reciprocating steam piston engines can be used for the cogeneration of heat and power. Steam engines can be operated with low pressure saturated steam and are more tolerant of wet steam and other contaminants than steam turbines. Whilst no UK examples have been found, this technology is well developed in Europe and the main manufacturer of this equipment is included in the directory.
CHP is the cogeneration of heat and electrical power. CHP can offer savings in CO2 emissions when compared to separate heat production and electricity generation, due to increased overall efficiency. Electricity is usually generated by thermal processes whereby combustion of a fuel provides the motive power to drive an electrical generator. Such processes generate heat as a by-product. Where a demand for heat co-exists with electricity consumption, the usable waste heat from thermal electricity generation can be utilised. CHP schemes have successfully been implemented in the hospitality industry, leisure industry, education sector and process industries. Many CHP schemes are fuelled by mains gas, although solid and liquid fuelled systems are also available. Equipment can be selected to utilise renewable forms of fuel, such as solid combustible biomass, although these are currently less common. The technology employed for the prime mover (required to drive the generator) is generally dependent on the capacity required or fuel to be used. Smaller systems can use stirling engines, steam engines or reciprocating internal combustion engines and large capacity plant often use gas or steam turbines. Other types are available depending on the size and application. The ratio of power to heat varies with the technology used. Two of the factors which determine the viability of investment in CHP are the relative price of fuel used and the financial value of the electricity generated. The larger the difference (higher electricity price and lower fuel price) the more favourable are the conditions for operating CHP. It is also important to ensure there is a use for as much of the heat generated as possible. This may depend upon the thermal output of the CHP system. Gas engines, for example, produce a mixture of low grade and high grade heat, but a particular process site may have little or no need for low grade heat, but have a requirement for steam. Additional benefits of CHP include: Exemption from the Climate Change Levy (CCL)3 on all fuel inputs to and electricity outputs from Good Quality CHP (see below) Eligibility for Enhanced Capital Allowances (ECA)4 on Good Quality CHP systems Dedicated biomass fuelled CHP will earn 2 ROCs/MWh from 2009
3 CCL is a tax on energy use. The aim of the levy is to encourage consumers to improve energy efficiency, reduce energy use and reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. 4 ECA is a scheme which allows organisations to write off the whole of the capital cost of their investment in qualifying technologies against their taxable profits of the period during which they make the investment.
10
11
Advanced conversion technologies This section includes systems which use gasification and pyrolysis. These technologies can be deployed in the waste management sector using municipal solid waste (MSW) and refuse-derived fuel (RDF). Gasification and pyrolysis are also applicable to the use of woody biomass, food waste, agricultural residue and industrial waste material.
Pyrolysis Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of biomass and occurs when the biomass feedstock is heated in the absence of oxygen. This produces gas (syn-gas), solid (char) and liquid oil (olefin). The gas and oil can be used to fuel an engine, turbine or boiler. The char can be recovered and used as a fuel, or gasified. Gasification systems generally include a pyrolysis stage. However, systems which are based purely on pyrolysis are being developed. This technology is currently less well developed than gasification although there are some examples of these systems being installed.
Gasification The use of biomass gasification enables a useful gas to be produced from the biomass feedstock. The gas, when cleaned, can be used in a reciprocating engine to generate electricity. A further use for the gas can be in direct heating applications as a replacement for other fuels such as oil or natural gas. The production of gas from biomass, particularly wood, has a long history. The gasification technology was developed in the 1930s and was used extensively during the Second World War to produce a fuel which could be used in motor vehicles. There are three main types of gasifiers: down-draught gasifiers, up-draught gasifiers and fluidised bed gasifiers. The latter category can further be split into a number of sub-categories. Down-draught gasifiers are the most widespread type, and can be used up to sizes of about 2 to 3MW thermal. Various manufacturers use different methods, but overall the principle is as follows. Biomass fuel is introduced at the top of the gasifier, through a pressure lock feeding system. The biomass enters the first zone where it undergoes pyrolysis. It passes through a throat in the gasifier into the combustion (oxidation) zone and then into a reduction zone where the wood-derived gas is taken off. Some ash/char continues to the bottom of the gasifier where it passes through a pressure lock. The gas produced has a low calorific value and high tar content with some entrained ash. The tar and particulates must be removed by a gas cleaning system in order to be used in a gas engine. Some manufacturers have a variation on this system whereby two gas streams are produced; the first is a tar-rich stream which is burnt for heat and the second stream is much cleaner and can be used for power generation. It has been difficult to scale the down-draught gasifier to larger sizes, and so larger installations have a number of modules all producing gas in parallel. However, down-draught gasifiers are now used extensively in small biomass CHP plants. Up-draught gasifiers are not used much for power applications because of the high tar content of the gas. A typical example is the Bioneer gasifier used in Finland in small district heating schemes. Fluidised bed gasifiers can be further broken down by operational type. These are generally at a much larger scale. Low pressure circulating fluidised bed gasifiers can be scaled to sizes up to 100MW. Low pressure bubbling fluidised bed gasifiers are more suited to the 15 to 40MW scale. Pressurised fluidised bed gasifiers have promise in integrated combined cycle plants and have been developed in pilot plants. One interesting variation is the fixed and fluidised bed biomass gasification plant developed at the Gussing plant in Austria, which uses steam injection to produce a higher calorific value gas which can have further use as a synthetic natural gas.
Energos plant diagram
12
13
At-a-glance manufacturer information
14
15
Company summary table
Foster Wheeler Global Power
Babcock & Wilcox Vlund
Spilling Energie Systeme
Vyncke Energietechniek
KARA Energy Systems
Biomass Engineering
Ness Wrmetechnik
Kablitz and Mitthof
Hollensen Energy
Graveson Energy
Doosan Babcock
LIN-KA ENERGY
Inetec TherMec
Puhdas Energia
Byworth Boilers
Keppel Seghers
Waste2energy
James Proctor
Biomass CHP
Bono Sistemi
Ethos Energy
Metso Power
AE&E Group
Weiss Kessel
Polytechnik
ICI Caldaie
Schmid AG
Uniconfort
MW Power
ITI Energy
Danstoker
ENERGOS
MAWERA
TK Energi
Turboden
Kohlbach
Adoratec x
Bioflame
Xylowatt
Ranheat
Entimos
Repotec
Aalborg
Bioener
Justsen
Imtech
Martin
Refgas
Wykes
<3MW 310MW >10MW Thermal oil Steam Organic rankine cycle From gasification/pyrolysis Steam turbine Steam engine Gasification Pyrolysis Wood pellets/briquettes Wood chip Clean wood processing waste Clean sawdust and sanding dust Particle/fibreboard dust Treated waste wood Clean waste wood Clean timber, processing residues Food and drink, processing residues Fibreboard & plywood residue Rice husk/olive stones, etc. Animal processed by-products Chemical residues (e.g. liquor) Paper pulp residues and sludge Paper and cardboard Leather processing waste Refuse-derived fuel Textiles waste and residues Plastic waste Agrifibres and straw Grains, seed waste, etc.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Binder
Eratic
TPS
KIV
x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x
x x
x x x x x
x x x x x x
x x x x x x
x x x x
x x
x x
x x x x x x x x x
x x
16
17
Summary table This table shows which boilers within this directory are steam raising, the quantity of steam they can produce (tonnes per hour), the pressure (bar) and thermal capacity (megawatts), where known.
Steam raising boilers: Part1

Companies Technical info Tonnes per hour (t/h) AE&E Group Babcock & Wilcox Vlund Binder Bioener Bono Sistemi Byworth Danstoker Doosan Babcock Eratic Foster Wheeler Global Power Hollensen Energy ICI Caldaie Imtech Inetech Thermec James Proctor Justsen Kablitz and Mitthof <500t/h 325t/h Pressure (bar) 100bar Megawatts (MW) <400MW 20MW 2080MW <3.545MW
Steam raising boilers: Part2

Companies Technical info Tonnes per hour (t/h) KARA Energy Systems Keppel Seghers KIV Kohlbach LIN-KA Energy Martin Mawera Metso Power MW Power Ness Warmtechnik Polytechnik Ranheat Schmid AG Wood-Firing Systems TPS Uniconfort Vyncke Energietechniek Weiss Kessel <1.530t/h 60bar 0.536bar 816bar Pressure (bar) 20bar Megawatts (MW) <15MW <70MW 0.825MW <15MW <5MW <70MW <15MW 10600MW 17.829MW <50MW <20MW <5MW <1.2MW <40MW <5.8MW 2100MW <15MW
<150t/h <3t/h <0.335t/h <30180t/h <270t/h
<50bar <32bar <110bar
<7.8t/h
<14MW <15MW 12.55.8MW 520MW <20t/h <100bar <110bar <12MW <300kW15MW <40MW
2236t/h 228t/h
<30bar 36bar 532bar 0.725bar
<500t/h
100bar
18
19
Detailed manufacturer information
20
21
UK map The following map shows one example for each manufacturer in the UK, where installations exist or permission has been given.
25
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
Aalborg Energie Technik AE&E Group Binder Bioener ApS Bioflame Biomass CHP Ltd Biomass Engineering Ltd Byworth Boilers Danstoker Energos Ltd Ethos Energy Foster Wheeler Global Power Graveson Energy Management Ltd ICI Caldaie ITI Energy Ltd Kablitz and Mitthof KARA Energy Systems Keppel Seghers (site under construction) Martin GmbH Metso Power MW Power Ranheat Engineering Refgas UK Turboden Srl Vynke Energietechniek Waste2energy Wykes Engineering
Page 24 Page 26 Page 28 Page 29 Page 30 Page 31 Page 32 Page 34 Page 35 Page 37 Page 40 Page 41 Page 42 Page 44 Page 47 Page 50 Page 51 Page 52 Page 56 Page 58 Page 59 Page 63 Page 64 Page 70 Page 72 Page 73 Page 75
24
26 25 6
20
12 5
13
21 18 16 14
9 15
23 4 27
7 1 11 17 19 8
10
22
23
Aalborg Energie Technik A/S Aalborg Energie Technik A/S (AET) is an engineering company, based in Denmark, which designs, supplies and provides servicing on complete biomass-fired boilers, CHP and power plants.
Adoratec Partnered with Maxxtec AG, Adoratec have developed the ORC combined heat and power station. Their services include the development from the initial concept through to delivery of an economic solution for the clients needs. Clarke Energy UK joined forces with Maxxtec in 2007, to provide an energy from biomass solution with the ORC module.
Category Technical data
Biomass-fired CHP plants, power plants and boiler plants. Capacity 25MWth150MWth Fuel Sustainable forestry wood is the typical fuel, but more or less any type of biomass can be used as a fuel source; this includes also recycled wood Output Electricity and heat AET boiler technology is based on a spreader stoker-fired boiler with travelling grate. The boiler is a single drum natural circulation steam boiler. Specially developed components include fuel dosing bin with dosing screws, fuel spreader, travelling grate and SNCR plant for injection of ammonia in the furnace.
CHP
Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)
Capacity 500kWe2.5MWe Fuel Woody biomass Output Electricity and hot water applications (dryers or heating systems) The ORC technology involves a steam-power system using an organic medium evaporated at low boiling conditions, instead of water. The steam is released into the turbine to power the generator to produce electricity. However, the steam pressure is considerably lower, does not require high pressure technology and simplifies the plant operation. Due to the thermodynamic characteristics of the used media, the partial loading capability of ORC plants is superior and the efficiency achieved is higher than comparable steam plants. There are many examples of this plant in Europe, but there are no known sites in the UK using biomass for this type of CHP plant.
Equipment & technology
Examples
There are many examples in Europe and Scandinavia, but the only UK site is the Western Wood Energy Project. AET have worked with Burmeister & Wain Scandinavian Contractor A/S in a joint venture to provide the turnkey project for the biomass-fired power station in Wales. The plant in Wales has an AET M1050 boiler that is fuelled by sustainable forestry wood and clean uncontaminated residues from wood processing (chips, logs and sawdust). The wood is received, stored, chipped and mixed before being fed to the combustion system. The 16.5MW turbine is from Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding. The plant was completed in 2008, and is the first biomass-fired power plant in Wales. Aalborg Energie Technik has also converted Glanford Power Station near Scunthorpe from burning 100% chicken litter to operating on 100% meat and bone meal (MBM) as the sole fuel source.
Examples
Contact Aalborg Energie Technik A/S

T +45 96 32 80 0 W www.aet-biomass.com
UK contact Lars Broenden

T +45 26 30 07 32 E lb@aet-biomass.com
Contact Adoratec
T +49 (0) 4315 708 924 W www.adoratec.com
UK supplier Clarke Energy UK

T 0151 546 4446 W www.clarke-energy.co.uk
24
25
AE&E Group AE&E Group is an international provider of systems for thermal power generation and environmental technologies, and offers customised solutions for components, systems and turnkey.
Babcock & Wilcox Vlund Babcock & Wilcox Vlund is 100% owned by The Babcock & Wilcox Company in Barberton, Ohio, USA. The company is a leading supplier of equipment and technologies designed to convert household waste and bio-fuels into thermal energy.
Boilers
Steam
Category
Capacity Up to 400MWth (150MWe) Fuel Bark and wood, sludge, RDF (refuse-derived fuel), plastic waste, coal and coal residues, biomass, sewage sludge, agricultural waste, pulp and paper industry residues, RDF, waste wood, various liquors and diverse other fuels Output Steam and electricity PowerFluid Fluidised bed boiler: 50500t/hr steam, up to 400MWth (150MWe) output fuelled by 640MJ/kg, bark and wood, sludge, RDF (refuse-derived fuel), plastic waste, coal and coal residues and diverse other fuels EcoFluid bubbling fluidised bed boiler: 5250t/hr steam, up to 200MWth and up to 75MWe output, fuelled by 320MJ/kg, biomass, sewage sludge, agricultural waste, pulp and paper industry residues, RDF, waste wood, other fossil fuels Bischofferode, Germany has a PowerFluid system a circulating fluidised bed boiler with reheat using natural woodchips and untreated wood waste. It has a steam output of 58.857.4t/hr at 535C and 13025.4bar pressure. Hallein, Austria has an EcoFluid boiler a bubbling fluidised bed boiler using wood waste, bark, sawdust and rejects. The only example of this technology in use in the UK is Abengoa SA for Energy Power Resources Ltd, Westfield, where AE&E were responsible for the engineering, supply, erection and commissioning of an EcoFluid bubbling fluidised bed boiler plant and condensation turbine fuelled by poultry litter. The plant provides 47t/hr of steam at 60bar and 460C with an electric output of 11MWe.
Boilers CHP ACT
Hot water, steam Gasification/pyrolysis, steam turbine Gasification
Technical data
Capacity Up to 30MW and beyond depending on the client specification Fuel All types of waste, biomass, peat, RDF Output Waste or biomass to energy systems steam, hot water and district heating and the possibility of biomass co-firing Output Gasification systems electricity W-grate (BS) water or air-cooled suitable for combusting all types of waste with efficient combustion ensuring very low CO2 emission and minimal unburnt organic compounds in combustion gases W-grate (BS) Mark 6 water-cooled suitable for combusting high calorific value refuse W-grate (Vlund) air-cooled suitable for combusting all types of waste W-grate (Vlund) water-cooled for combusting high calorific value refuse Steam production; 335t/h vibration grate (HVB) water-cooled for combustion of biomass, peat or RDF with little or almost no ash content and a heat output of 2.5MW/m2 gasification: up-draught gasification up to 1MWth 100t/h steam boiler (92 bar) at 520C at Wanze bioethanol plant, Belgium is fired primarily with bran, which is a residue from the milling of wheat grain used for the production of ethanol. The steam from the boiler is expanded through a steam turbine to provide low pressure steam for the heating processes in the ethanol factory. The power is sold to the grid. On the basis of an experimental 1MWth gasifier, built at Kynby in Denmark, a commercial 3.5MW plant was built in 1996, in Harbore Municipality (Jutland, Denmark) with a full-scale gasifier for the combined heat and power plant.
Examples
Examples
Contact AE&E Austria GmbH & Co KG

T +43 31 65 010 E info@aee-austria.at W www.aee-austria.at
UK contact Chris Coldwell

T 0191 252 6445 M 07850 736 352 W www.aee.co.at
Contact Babcock & Wilcox Vlund

T +45 76 14 34 00 E bwv@volund.dk W www.volund.dk/home
26
27
Binder Binder is based in Brnbach, Austria. Binder has installed over 3,000 boilers across the world over the last 25 years. They have thirteen sales and service centres in eleven countries. Binder boilers have been applied to industrial process heat demands as well as space heating.
Bioener ApS Bioener ApS is a Danish registered company owned by the Japanese companies Takuma Co Ltd and Itochu Ltd. The company was established in 2002 when the straw-fired boiler technology and patents were taken over from FLS Miljo a/s who, in turn, had acquired the boiler company Burmeister & Wain in 1995. Bioener ApS has over 30 biomass power stations in Europe and Asia.
Boilers
Steam
Boilers
Steam
Capacity 30kWth20MWth Output Low pressure hot water, steam Fuel Up to 55% moisture content woodchip & up to 25% moisture content pellets (wood, peat, atgro pellets) Can be supplied as containerised boiler plant: up to 1.5MW
Capacity In the range of 10MWe/20MWth40MWe/80MWth Fuel Straw (various), peat, wood, wood waste, wood chips and bark Output Steam Bioener ApS specialises in the design, manufacture, erection and commissioning of straw-firing and other biomass-fired energy power plants, including associated equipment. Elean Power Station, Ely Business Park, Sutton, Cambridge, UK client Energy Power Resources (EPR) Ely Ltd. This was the worlds largest straw-fired power station (when completed in September 2000 by FLS Miljo) with a 38MWe output from 26.3tonnes/hour of wheat straw. Lanesborough Power Station, Ireland client Electricity Supply Board. This is a peat-fired plant burning 180 tonnes/hour and built in 1983.
Binder can produce a range of boiler types to suit the combustion of various fuels. They can supply boilers with injection burners to burn dusty fuels (<15% moisture content), solid retort burners with underfed stokers for granulated fuels, solid retort burners for pelletised fuels, moving grate burners for high moisture content or high ash content fuels with ram or auger stokers. Fuels that can be used by Binder boilers include sawdust, wood shavings, waste wood from furniture manufacture, forestry and arboricultural residues, bark, reclaimed wood, energy crops, pomace and other food processing residues.
Examples
Examples
In 2006 Wood Energy Ltd installed a 1.65MW Binder boiler at Strabane Mills in County Tyrone. The boiler produces up to 2,000kg/hour of steam at 10 bar(g) for process heat demands at the animal feed mill. The system uses locally derived wood chip fuel (up to 55% moisture content) from a range of sources including sawmill residues and short rotation coppice. The boiler has a fully automatic cleaning system for the heat exchanger tubes and exhaust gas recirculation to allow the combustion temperature to be controlled. The Binder equipment also incorporates an exhaust gas cyclone to remove fly ash.
Contact Binder
T +43 31 42 22 54 4 E office@binder-gmbh.at W www.binder-gmbh.at
UK supplier Wood Energy Ltd

T 0845 070 7338 E sales@woodenergyltd.co.uk W www.woodenergyltd.co.uk
Contact Bioener ApS

T +45 72 17 00 15 E info@bioener.dk W www.bioener.dk
28
29
Bioflame Bioflame is an environmental engineering company, set up in 2001 to develop a clean burn system for waste destruction. The initial burners were used in Central America and burnt coffee husk waste to provide heat for drying coffee. In the UK, the system has been developed to be fully compliant with all relevant legislation. Three heat-only plants have been established burning food waste, agricultural production waste and railway sleeper waste respectively.
Category CHP ACT Gasification/pyrolysis Gasification
Biomass CHP Ltd Biomass CHP Ltd is a manufacturer of biomass gasification systems based in Northern Ireland. The technology was developed under the previous names B9 Energy Biomass Ltd and Exus Energy Ltd.
Category
CHP ACT
Gasification/pyrolysis Gasification
Technical data
Capacity 13MWe (0.5MWe demonstration plant), up to 7MWth Fuel Wood waste (MDF, chipboard, plywood, painted wood, laminated wood) and clean waste timber (old pallets and off-cuts from timber manufacture) Output Hot air, hot water or steam. The patented Bioflame ATTU (Advanced Thermal Treatment Unit) has a combustion temperature in excess of 1100C and uses the residence chamber to allow for 3.9 seconds of residence time for the combustion process. The process is fully WID compliant. Variety of feedstock currently projects are specified to use low grade wood waste in the UK as the current legislative climate makes wood waste the most attractive and appropriate waste to turn into electricity, but the technology can be used for any agricultural, organic and process wastes.
Technical data
Capacity 3,200 tonnes wet wood per year Output 300kWe electricity and 300kWth hot water Fuel Fresh wet woodchip Biomass CHP has developed a process based on down-draught gasification of wood and power generation using a high performance gas engine. Biomass CHP's high efficiency gasifier and gas cleaning system produces gas that is sufficiently clean to facilitate continuous operation of a high efficiency gas engine driving a generator. Typical units are sized in the 200kWe to 300kWe output range with the same level of heat production, although larger plants can be built in a modular form utilising multiple gasifiers and larger engine/generator sets. Heat from the process is used to dry the wood and to pass out to other applications such as space heating. The process is environmentally friendly, efficient, is fully automated and can run unattended for extended periods. There is no liquid effluent and the exhaust gas meets UK Clean Air Act requirements.
Examples
Bioflame commissioned its 0.5MWe output demonstration plant, in Pickering, in January 2008. The plant burns locally sourced low grade wood waste that would otherwise go to landfill. The system burns under Waste Incineration Directive (WID) conditions and therefore the presence of these contaminants does not affect the ultimate clean emission from the system. The heat generated from the combustion unit is fed into a boiler, which in turn generates steam to power a steam turbine. At this particular site the boiler produces around 6.5 tonnes of steam and the turbine and generator set will produce around 0.6MW of electrical power. Bioflame has built a 2.5m demonstration power station running on local wood waste at its base within the North Yorkshire National Park with the help of FEY and Yorkshire Forward. This site is fully commissioned and exporting electricity to the National Grid. The company looks for partners with access to a fuel supply of 28,00030,000 tonnes/yr to form a joint venture company for power generation.
Examples
Commercial plant is installed in Larne, Northern Ireland, with a capacity of 300kWe and 300kWth. It uses 3,200 tonnes per year fresh wet woodchip. It will produce 1.8GWhe and 1.8MGhth per year. Higher outputs would be available if dryer fuel were to be used, up to 600kWth output. The standard plant cost 700,000, and comes containerised, as five standard 40 containers, three mounted on the ground and two above.
Contact Bioflame Ltd

T 01751 472 831 E enquiries@bioflame.com W www.bioflame.com
Contact Biomass CHP Ltd

W www.biomasschp.co.uk
30
31
Biomass Engineering Ltd Biomass Engineering Ltd is a volume producer of biomass gasification systems with full design and manufacture in-house from a purpose-built 90,000 square feet facility in the north west of England. The system has been developed over 15 years, originally by Shawton Engineering, and is now fully commercialised.
Bono Sistemi Bono Sistemi designs and manufactures biomass-fired steam generators and thermal fluid heaters using a variety of waste fuels such as olive husks, rice husks and woodchip. The plant is most applicable to the food and the wood industry, where the production wastes, such as wood chips, sawdust, husks, etc. can provide fuel for both process heat and electric power. The boilers are also suitable for CHP application on district heating schemes.
Category
CHP ACT
Category
Boilers CHP
Thermal oil, steam Steam turbine
Technical data
Capacity Standard range is 250275kWe, 450600kWth, and multiple modules thereof Fuel Wide range of clean wood biomass feedstocks Output Hot water and electricity The technology is a down-draught gasifier combined heat and power system in a standard, modularised format. It is coupled with a gas engine. Clean biomass fuel at 10 to 20%mc is fed into the top of each gasifier at a rate of approx 250kg/hour. The gasifier has pyrolysis, oxidation and reduction sections whereby the fuel is gasified. The resulting gas is cleaned using ceramic filters, which are purged using nitrogen. It is a low tar gas produced by careful pressure control. The cooled gas is fed to spark ignition gas engines with generators. The waste heat from these can form the heat output into the heat mains. The resulting waste char and dust is collected in containers. The system is fully automatic and has a fully computerised control system.
Technical data
Capacity Steam boiler: 3.5MW45MW Thermal oil generator: 3MW12MW District heating: 0.6MWe and 2.8MWth to 2MWe and 8.7MWth Fuel Woodchip, sawdust, rice husks, olive husks, bark, grape residue and sorgum Steam Pressure: up to 50 bar Temperature: up to 450C Saturated steam: 5t/h to 60t/h Temperature in/temperature out: 250C/300C A variety of fuel feed systems allow a range of fuels to be used. The reciprocating gate is state of the art combustion technology suitable for any kind of biomass, ranging from high moisture content dump waste or virgin wood, dusty biomass and low specific gravity feed stock (such as rice husk). We understand that there are no installations from this manufacturer in the United Kingdom.
Examples Examples Merthyr Industrial (Biomass) Services Ltd. A multi module 1MWe wood gasification plant in an industrial unit in South Wales. The plant exports renewable electricity to the grid and has the capacity to provide heat for use elsewhere on the industrial estate. The site comprises a fuel feed system, four gasifier and filter modules, gas cleaning and cooling skid, two wet electrostatic precipitators and 2 x500kWe Jenbacher engines. Other sites are in operation in the UK and Germany, and works are progressing at entering the markets in Italy, Spain and Latvia. Visit this address to see a video of a working plant: www.youtube.com/user/BiomassEngineeringUK
Contact Biomass Engineering Limited

T 01925 295 959 E info@biomass.uk.com W www.biomass.uk.com
Contact Bono Sistemi

T +39 02 55 30 28 48 W www.bono.it
32
33
Byworth Boilers Byworth Boilers are based in the UK and have been manufacturing boilers for over 35 years, and have a large fleet of trailer-mounted hire boilers. The packaged boiler systems are traditional three pass wetback shell boilers for industrial process applications and commercial heating. Their boilers can be supplied with burners from a range of manufacturers. Mobile truck-mounted boiler systems are also available.
Danstoker This Danish firm have been making biomass boilers for 50 years (they also produce fossil-fuelled boilers). The company has been in operation for 75 years and sells boilers around Europe. They do not manufacture combustion systems or feed systems and normally supply their boilers to other companies who provide a turnkey design, supply and installation service.
Boilers
Steam
Boilers
Steam
Capacity Up to 12MW (hot water), 18t/hour (steam) Fuel Wood pellets, biogas, waste heat, fossil fuels Output Hot water, steam The Byworth range includes oil and gas-fired hot water and steam boilers as well as waste heat boilers. There is a wood pellet boiler currently under development. Byworth Boilers are the only boiler available in the UK to offer X-ID high efficiency boiler tube. Heat transfer from tubes to water is increased by over 80%, adding, usually, over 2% to overall boiler efficiency.
Capacity Steam boilers: from 300kg steam/h to 35,000kg steam/h and a design pressure up to 32 bar Fuel Forest residues, bark, sawmill/construction waste, sawdust, wood pellets, fruit stones, straw and agrifibres, textile waste (every boiler is adapted to suit the special characteristics of the fuel to be used) Danstoker has specialised in horizontal and vertical bio-fuel boilers. The range includes hot water boilers, high pressure hot water and steam. The boilers vary for different sizes and purposes with triple pass fire tube boilers being used for hot water and, if required for steam raising, these are combined with water-tube sections for operating pressures up to 30 bar. Typically, the boilers are fitted with the Danstoker automatic pneumatic cleaning system. The Danstoker steam boiler, type DHF, is a 3-pass fire-tube boiler with open bottom and well-dimensioned furnace-tube with cylindrical upper part, intended for combustion of solid fuel. The DHF boiler is designed to give complete combustion of the fuel and at the same time optimise the radiant heat in the furnace-tube, whereas the convection heat is maximised in the two subsequent fire-tube sections, all of which results in high efficiency and low fuel consumption. Danstoker boilers can operate with stokers, step grates or chain grates.
Examples
Byworth have been working with the Regional Development Agency for the Yorkshire and Humber region, Yorkshire Forward, to develop a wood pellet-fuelled boiler. It is based on a proven design of coal boiler. The project includes the development of the stoker, ash removal equipment and flue gas grit arrester. They are also engaged in projects to use organic waste such as food processing waste, whey, distillery spent wash and crop waste to produce biogas (from anaerobic digestion), which can be used to fuel their boilers. Three boilers have recently been installed at Kings College Hospital in London, in a new energy centre. Two of these boilers produce 10,000kgs/hr of steam, utilising heat from the CHP engine exhaust gases.
Examples
The joinery manufacturer Premdor, in Barnsley, uses a 5MW Danstoker steam boiler producing 7.5t/hr steam at 8 bar.
Contact Byworth Boilers

T 01535 665 225 E sales@byworth.co.uk W www.byworth.co.uk
Contact Danstoker
T +45 99 28 71 00 E info@danstoker.dk W www.danstoker.dk
UK contact Danstoker UK Ltd

T 07921 773 580 E pe@danstoker.com W www.danstoker.dk
34
35
Doosan Babcock Energy Ltd Doosan Babcock is a multi-specialist energy services company operating in the thermal power, nuclear, petrochemical, oil and gas and pharmaceutical industries. It is also a leading international steam generation OEM (original equipment manufacturer) and supplier of clean, efficient coal-powered technology. Doosan Babcock has a long history of licensing its technology, which includes large power plant co-firing technology with 2025% biomass heat input co-fired with coal, and small scale fluidised bed technology combusting 100% biomass for process heat.
Category Technical data Boilers Steam
ENERGOS Ltd ENERGOS Ltd is part of the ENER-G PLC group and is the ENER-G Groups specialist in gasification technology. It is a leading supplier of small scale, proven energy from waste plants. ENER-G services include full system design, supply, installation and servicing, working with the food & beverage, pharmaceutical, paper and automotive industries.
Category
CHP ACT
Gasification Gasification
Capacity 5MWe to 50MWe Fuel A wide variety of fuels can be handled, if consistent in quality and size Output 30180t/hr of steam at up to 110bar pressure Doosan Babcock biomass technology uses bubbling bed fluidised boilers and is suitable for the generation of steam for process or power generation. Steam outlet conditions typically range from saturation up to 520C. Existing examples of biomass fuels used include waste from the sugar industry (cane and beet), woodchip and bark, agrowaste, sludge. Municipal waste cannot be handled unless it is pelletised.
Technical data
Developed for energy from waste requirements. Gasification on an innovative duplex grate in modular form. Energy recovery steam generator for thermal customer or integral power generation use. Output Standardised boilers can deliver saturated steam or for superheated steam (21/39 bar, 380C). Boilers with other steam parameters can be provided. Capacity Type 41 (13.5MWth/3.1MEe) and type 51 (16.4MWth/4.1MWe) Waste Each line can utilise 40,000 tonnes of waste or SRF, multiple line applications available to 160,000 tonnes. Very low emissions with flue gas cleaning system.
Examples
A current ongoing project is the supply of a fluidised bed boiler to produce 55te/hr of steam at 64bar pressure and 460C boiler for a whisky distillery in Scotland. The fuel is the spent grain from the distillery. The steam is used for process, however if used for power generation would probably generate about 10MWe. It is due to be commissioned in 2010.
ENERGOS energy from waste plants has a patented two-stage thermal conversion process. Drying and gasification of the fuel is carried out in the primary chamber under sub-stoichiometric conditions. The synthetic gas generated in the primary chamber is transferred to a separate secondary chamber where final hightemperature oxidation takes place. A proprietary software system monitors and controls the process. Recovered energy is converted into hot water or steam for delivery of district heating, process steam and/or electricity. ENERGOS plants are built as a modular approach with one or more processing lines in parallel to meet customer requirements regarding energy production and fuel processing capacity. ENERGOS have constructed a plant on the Isle of Wight to add to the seven already operational plants in Norway and Germany. The plant will generate electricity from the 30,000 tonnes of residual waste being processed at the Island Waste Services resource recovery facility.
Examples
Contact Doosan Babcock Energy Limited

T 01293 612 888 E enquiry@doosanbabcock.com W www.doosanbabcock.com
Contact ENERGOS Ltd

T 0845 683 7001 W www.energos.com
36
37
Entimos Entimos Ltd was founded in 1997 and produces wood gasifierbased combined heat and power plants. Wood gasification has a long history in Finland. The basic idea of the original two-stage wood gasification system was developed by the late Kustaa Saares. The first prototype was developed in 1981, the second in 1996, in co-operation with VTT Energy and the University of Oulu, Finland.
Eratic Eratic SA, and its sister engineering company, CIS Engineering, have been trading for over 40 years. As well as manufacturing and maintaining biomass boilers, Eratic produce incinerators, gasifiers and heat exchangers.
Category
CHP ACT
Gasification Gasification
Boilers
Thermal oil, steam
Technical data
Capacity Approx 1,300kW fuel input Output 300kWe/650kWth Fuel Woodchip Uses a patented gasifier technology using combined up-draught and downdraught gasification and producing two gas streams. The tar-heavy stream forming the counter flow is burnt directly to produce heat for the heat mains. The cleaner gas from the forward flow goes to a gas engine to produce electricity. The companys own design feeding, grate and ash removal systems are in use. Wood chips are gasified in an Entimos-gasifier and the produced gas is used in an engine/generator set, which produces 300kW (net) of electricity and 650kW (net output) of heat. The electricity is directed to the national grid and the heat is used in district heating and for fuel drying. Lestijarvi CHP plant located in a small municipality in central Finland uses Entimos gasifier technology to produce gas for the combined heat and power scheme. It has been in operation since March 2008. Gross output is 400 kWe, net output is 300kWe and 650kW of heat is also exported to the district heat mains. The plant is operated by the local wood co-operative. Tervola CHP bio power plant in Finland was built in 2001 with a capacity of 470kWe and 1.13MWth to the district heating mains with an overall efficiency of 81.5%. Investment cost was 1.3m in 1999.
Capacity 116kW14MW Fuel Waste wood (bark, sawdust, MDF, etc.), waste paper, food waste, agricultural residues, animal wastes, industrial residues (contaminated liquids, paint sludge, etc.) Output Electrical generation: 200kWe6MWe Eratic SA manufactures and installs a wide range of boilers and associated equipment, which are applicable in the following sectors: food, chemical, pharmaceutical, paper, furniture, hotel, hospitals, laundry, textile, construction, car, metal, petrochemical, residues management, agricultural and naval. We understand that there are no installations in the United Kingdom.
Examples
Examples
Contact Entimos
T +358 (0) 40 54 76 62 0 W www.entimos.fi
Contact Eratic
T +34 96 15 48 516 W www.eratic.es
38
39
Ethos Energy Ethos Energy is a sister company to Ethos Recycling and is a technology and energy business operating in the waste sector, producing energy from waste using the processes of pyrolysis and gasification. Ethos Energy's technology is a continuous process, utilising the advantages of pure pyrolysis, followed by gasification of the resulting char.
Foster Wheeler Global Power (Foster Wheeler Energia) Foster Wheeler is a global company with two groups: Engineering and Construction Group and Global Power Group. Foster Wheeler Global Power produces boilers for heat and electricity generation based on bubbling fluidised bed (BFB), circulating fluidised bed (CFB) technologies, with over 140 BFB boilers and 210 CFB units in operation.
Category
CHP ACT
Category
Boilers CHP ACT
Steam Gasification Gasification/pyrolysis
Technical data
Capacity From 1MWe/5MWth7MWe/25MWth Fuel Broad waste streams can be used (MSW, clinical, industrial, sewerage, etc.) Licensed for over 80% of the European Waste Catalogue Output Heat and electricity Ethos Energy's technology is a continuous process, utilising the advantages of pure pyrolysis, followed by gasification of the resulting char. The technology is available in the following sizes: ST150 small-scale unit (1,000tpa) initially developed for use on Royal Navy ships, but ideally suited to on-site waste processing. Best suited to locations with a heat load, up to 400 kW could be available for on-site processes. MT4 suited to a small flow (up to 15,000tpa, but typically less) of high value waste, such as clinical waste or on-site disposal of industrial wastes. It has the potential to generate up to 1 MWe and approximately 5MWth. MT8 designed for larger waste flows typically found in the municipal waste market. It is designed for 30,000tpa (gate receipts may be 20% higher in volume if combined with Eco Drying system) and is capable of exporting 3MW of electricity and up to 11MWth of low grade heat. MT16 designed to treat a sizeable proportion of larger settlement residual MSW arisings. It can accept 60,000tpa of waste (gate receipts may be 20% higher in volume if combined with Eco Drying system), and can export up to 7MWe and 25MWth of low-grade heat. The plant consists of two parallel MT8 lines.
Technical data
Capacity Gasifiers, fixed bed and fluidised bed up to 10MWth and up to 150MWe, industrial grate boilers up to 270t/h steam Fuel Gasifiers biomass, industrial and municipal waste, plastics, waste paper and construction wood waste circulating fluidised bed boilers (CFB) high moisture content waste with low emissions. Industrial grate boilers, bubbling fluidised bed boiler, high moisture content fuels Output Electricity, steam The (BFB) technology is ideal for firing biofuels with high moisture content and difficult ash characteristics, or fuels that are difficult to handle, such as sludges. It can be applied effectively as a boiler retrofit for older stoker boilers and recovery boilers. The (CFB) combustion process has the capability to fire a broad range of fuel qualities from low-grade high-ash fuels, good quality bituminous and anthracite coals to various biomass and waste fuels with low emissions. The CFBs can also capture sulphur as the fuel burns and use low-cost selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) to achieve ultra low NOx and SOx emissions in the furnace without the need for additional flue gas cleaning equipment. Gasification technologies for use in lime kilns include fixed bed, fluidised bed and entrained flow gasification. Sembcorp power station (30MWe), Wilton, Teeside Foster Wheeler designed, built and commissioned the complete boiler island including the fuel handling system, the biomass-fuelled (BFB) boiler (Foster Wheeler Global Power Groups BFB biomass boiler), and the flue gas treatment system. The plant burns about 300,000 tonnes of wood per year from various sources including green and recycled wood.
Examples
Examples
Avonmouth The original Avonmouth Plant (A1), designed and built by Compact Power (now Ethos Energy), has been successfully operating since 2001. Ethos Recycling Ltd has operated A1 since January 2008. No electricity is generated at A1 because Ethos can reclaim approximately five times more energy in the form of steam for sterilisation than it could by using the same steam in a turbine (to create electricity). The plant produces around 2MWth.
Contact Ethos Energy

T 0844 844 1306 E info@ethosrecycling.co.uk W www.ethosenergy.co.uk
Contact Foster Wheeler Global Power

T +35 81 03 93 11 W www.fwc.com
UK supplier Harry Lampenius

T +35 81 03 93 61 37 E harry.lampenius@fwfin.fwc.com
40
41
Graveson Energy Management (GEM) Graveson Energy Management Ltd (GEM) has developed an advanced thermal conversion system that recovers energy from a wide selection of waste materials. They were chosen by DEFRA to construct a demonstrator unit at Scarborough that will divert 18,000 tonnes of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) from landfill and provide electricity and locally utilisable waste heat using pyrolysis technology.
Hollensen Energy (Focus Energy) A Danish knowledge-based, project-oriented manufacturer operating for 30 years, mainly supplying Scandinavian markets but now extending to rest of Europe. The company is not simply an equipment supplier but rather a full turnkey/consultancy company. Hollensen developed a demonstration 1MW pilot biomass downdraught gasification CHP plant in the 1990s. The CHP supplies electricity to the grid and heat to the Hogild village heating company in Denmark.
Category
CHP ACT Fuel
Gasification/pyrolysis Pyrolysis The process can accept a wide range of feedstock materials from domestic (MSW), industrial and agricultural sources such as sewage sludge, rubber crumb, waste oils and other liquid waste, foodstuffs and rendered animal by-products, bio-crops, treated and clean wood. The fuel specification is simply a small particle size (<2mm in one plane), with a moisture content range of 5%8% Synthetic gas
Technical data
Capacity 400kW15MW Fuel Wood, timber residues and waste wood from processing Output Steam Dry wood systems, useful for the wood working industries, in the performance range of 400kW3MW are based on the Biomaster P Boiler with horizontal piping a compact, efficient installation which is suitable for new or existing buildings or transportable containers. Installations that generate 4MW or more are based on the Biomaster boiler, which uses vertical piping. Plant uses dry biofuel such as pellets, briquettes, dry woodchip, sawdust and shavings, or crop fuel in the form of cut straw, pellets, seed waste, grain and other granulated biomass product suitable for incineration. There are also wet wood systems suitable for the timber processing industries. Focus Energy supplies hot water, high pressure hot water and steam boilers that cover an output range of 400kW to 15MW. The boilers are designed to match customer requirements and are adapted to suit specific demands. Woodchip fuel with a moisture content of 2560% can produce efficiency levels in excess of 100%, through extracting heat from flue gases.
Output Equipment & technology
GEMs advanced thermal conversion process is described as flash pyrolysis. It is the chemical decomposition of feedstock by intensive heat in the absence of oxygen, also known as destructive distillation or cracking. This has been widely used in the petro-chemical industry for many years. The converter module has been designed to convert 1.5 tonnes per hour of suitable feed material into gas on a continuous basis. Prepared fuel is continuously fed in via an auger mechanism where heat instantly penetrates the particles, efficiently cracking them into a synthetic gas. The gas is retained within the converter for up to 50 seconds to maintain the heat transfer and maximise efficiency. It is then cooled and cleaned before use. Scarborough Power, Seamer Carr, Scarborough is GEMs first full-scale plant in the UK. It was part of DEFRAs New Technology Demonstrator Programme and can process 25,000 tonnes of unsorted Municipal Solid Waste per annum. It is a pyrolysis plant (including fuel store, dryer and thermal oxidiser) producing 2MW of electricity per hour and 2.5MW of heat per hour (1.8MW net heat output available for potential local utilisation). The GEM technology converts waste into a synthetic gas through pyrolysis, which is then used in a reciprocating engine to generate renewable power. The GEM process can be used on any carbon-based waste. Commissioning was completed in February 2009. Examples
Examples
No information is currently available.
Contact Graveson Energy Management

T 01639 864 611 W www.gem-ltd.co.uk
Contact Focus Energy

T +45 97 14 20 22 W www.focusenergy.dk
42
43
ICI Caldaie ICI Caldaie was established in 1958 to manufacture steam boilers. Since then, the company has been developing hot water and thermal oil boilers for the domestic, commercial and industrial sectors. The company has offices in Italy, UK, Spain, China, Romania, Kazakhstan and Ukraine. Their Verona facility houses a training centre that provides courses on steam and hot water boilers.
Imtech Imtech is a large European technical services provider in the fields of electrical engineering, ICT and mechanical engineering. Imtech has an annual turnover of more than 3.8 billion and over 22,500 employees. The biomass engineering is in two divisions, one centred in the Netherlands (Imtech Industrial) and one in Munich, Germany (Imtech Deutschland). The UK arm specialises in advanced biogas from sewage systems.
Boilers
Thermal oil, steam
Category
Boilers CHP
Steam Steam turbine
Capacity 12.5kW5.8MW Fuel Woodchip, wood pellet, logs, sawdust, nut shells, rice husk, coconut shell Output Hot water, thermal oil, steam
Technical data
Capacity 15MWe and a thermal power of 520MWth Output Electricity and hot water, steam Fuel Wood, biomass and municipal waste Plus Biomass steam-based CHP systems Both moving grate and fluidised bed combustion systems High pressure water tube boilers Heat from steam condenser and flue gas condenser
The commercial biomass range includes wood pellet boilers and gasifying log boilers up to 110kW and woodchip boilers up to 1.2MW. The Biotherm range of boilers provides LTHW, MTHW and steam with a range of duties from 348kW to 5.8MW or 500kg/hr to 8,333kg/hr. Biotherm US Underfed stoker for fuel with moisture content <30% Biotherm SG Screw fed for fuel with moisture content <55% Biotherm LF Hydraulic ram feed for fuel with moisture content <60% As well as hot water boilers, ICI Caldaie manufactures fossil fuel steam boilers up to 20,000kg/hour and the associated equipment such as boiler blowdown vessels, calorifiers and feedwater treatment plant. ICI Caldaie has also supplied waste heat recovery boilers to water companies in the UK to produce steam from the exhaust gas of biogas engines. They can also provide boilers that use biogas and biodiesel. Examples Equipment & technology
Imtech Industrial (formerly Imtech Vonk) supplies biomass/wood-fired combined heat/power installations with an electric power of 15MWe and a thermal power of 520MWth. Imtech in Germany supplies large combined heat and power systems including wood, biomass and waste-fuelled systems, mostly for district heating and utilities. Vink Sion greenhouses, Netherlands, biomass steam CHP system producing 1.15MWe, 5.3MWth using a high pressure 55bar water tube boiler. Heligenkreuz biomass CHP plant Austria, using a fluidised bed, output 10MWe, 12MWth, input 150,000 tonnes per year of wood chips. The are no examples of biomass systems in the UK at present, although Imtech UK have installed a fossil-fired district heating scheme for the Church End Estate, Brent, London.
Examples
There are two steam raising biomass boilers rated at 3.5t/hour currently (November 2009) being commissioned at Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester.
Contact ICI Caldaie

T +39 04 58 73 85 11 E info.eng@icicaldaie.com W www.icicaldaie.com
UK contact ICI Caldaie Ltd

T 0161 743 9595 E salesuk@icicaldaie.com
Contact Imtech Industry International

T +31 (0) 52 45 99 22 2 W www.imtech.eu
UK contact Imtech UK Ltd

T 01784 229 900 E info@imtech.co.uk
44
45
Inetec TherMec Inetec is a specialised company with patented abrasive drying technology for converting food waste and non-recyclable packaging into heat energy.
ITI Energy Ltd ITI Energy Ltd manufactures a compact and highly efficient thermal conversion technology based on an advanced gasification design. Combined with the most up to date, commercially available, gas clean-up systems, the technology generates a synthetic gas that is clean enough to fuel an internal combustion engine.
Boilers
Steam
Category
CHP ACT Capacity Fuel Output Size Cost
Gasification/pyrolysis Gasification 1.7MWe and 2.0MWth Difficult or negative value feedstock, e.g. leather waste Gas for CHP 12m x 4m (approx 12m high) Low costs show return on investment within 3 to 4 years
Capacity 28 tonnes per day of waste Fuel Food waste and non-recyclable packaging waste including a variety of feedstock (food wastes, food sludge and slurry, sauces, out of date items, non-recyclable card, paper and some plastics), reducing waste to landfill by up to 80% Output Either heat on site or fuel for off-site use On-site method for converting food and non-recyclable packaging into energy and a mechanical process that can handle a wide variation of waste stream components. Thermec 2000 daily processing capacity, 2 tonnes (at 50% MC); biomass fuel produced, 1 tonne. Operating cycle 24 hours. Energy 0.6MWth. Cost without energy recovery, 250,000; cost with energy recovery, 600,000. Thermec 4000 daily processing capacity, 4 tonnes (at 50% MC); biomass fuel produced, 2 tonnes. Operating cycle 24 hours. Energy 1.7MWth. Cost without energy recovery, 400,000; cost with energy recovery, 800,000. Thermec 8000 daily processing capacity, 8 tonnes (at 50% MC); biomass fuel produced, 4 tonnes. Operating cycle 24 hours. Energy 3.0MWth. Cost without energy recovery, 700,000; cost with energy recovery, 1,200,000.
Technical data
The synthetic gas would power an internal combustion engine to drive an electricity generating plant and the heat available from the exhaust can be exported as hot water and used for district heating as part of a combined heat and power (CHP) scheme, for industrial processes or to enable further power generation from an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) process. The technology was developed at Newcastle University, over ten years, to produce a compact gasifier specifically designed to handle a wide range of difficult or negative-value feedstock and is particularly suited to the conversion of refusederived fuel (RDF) into energy.
Examples
North Derbyshire project two ITI gasifiers with internal combustion engines generating 3.2MW net output from locally sourced RDF feedstock, including 70% biomass. There is a framework agreement with this client to develop a total of six sites using ITI technology.
Contact Inetec
T 01656 746 439 E sales@inetec.co.uk W www.inetec.co.uk
Contact ITI Energy

T 01142 541 233 E sales@iti-energy.com W www.iti-energy.com
46
47
James Proctor Ltd James Proctor Ltd is a fifth generation family business established in 1875. They began with coal-fired technology but extended into biomass-based technology approximately 11 years ago.
Justsen Energiteknik A/S Justsen is based in Denmark and has been providing whole system solutions since 1960. They have supplied more than 2,500 biomass heating plants to customers in Europe, North, South and Central America.
Boilers
Steam
Boilers
Steam
Chain grate stokers and reciprocating grate stokers Output 500kW6MW for process steam or CHP Reciprocating grate stokers and bubbling fluidised bed combustion Output <12MW, 20t/hr steam and 2MWe CHP Fuel Woodchip up to 70% moisture content, wood pellets Output Hot water, steam, CHP
Capacity 300kW15MW Fuel Woodchip, wood pellets and briquettes, clean wood waste, contaminated wood waste, bark, peat, grain, husk Output Hot water, thermal oil, steam (low pressure and high pressure) Justsen boilers can burn a range of materials from clean wood pellets and high moisture content wood waste to contaminated wood waste and grain husks. They manufacture 3 pass and 5 pass boilers, underfed stokers, watercooled moving grate systems, fuel handling equipment, automatic de-ashing systems and filtration equipment. Justsen systems have been applied to district heating systems, process steam requirements and waste combustion. The use of water cooled grate systems allows the boiler temperature to be controlled, allowing the use of a wide range of fuels of differing moisture contents.
James Proctor has developed an efficient, cost effective boiler package which enables high moisture content biomass to be utilised as a low cost, environmentally friendly fuel. Their burners incorporate advanced controls, firebreak units and variable speed drives to give unrivalled fuel savings and maximum efficiencies. A 1MW test boiler installed in their factory enables a customer to trial their fuel as a demonstration.
Examples
No examples are available in the UK, but James Proctor has recently commissioned a wood pellet-fuelled system in Forssa, Finland producing 2MWth steam for a textile facility.
Examples
No examples are available in the UK, but Justsen commissioned a biomassfuelled steam raising boiler at Atlantic Industries (part of the Coca-Cola Export Corporation) in Drogheda, Ireland in 2007. The boiler provides up to 6.3t/hour of process steam at 7bar. The 3 pass boiler has an open bottom and cylindrical steam drum and the moving grate is water cooled to ensure constant temperature. See case study at www.justsen.dk/00028/
Contact James Proctor Ltd

T 01282 453 816 W www.jamesproctor.com
Contact Justsen Energiteknik A/S

T +45 86 26 05 00 E justsen@justsen.dk W www.justsen.dk
48
49
Kablitz and Mitthof Kablitz and Mitthof designs and delivers mainly energy centres for the combustion of solid fuels "biomass" including fuel conveying and feeding systems, grates, combustion chambers, removal and cleaning systems and boilers. It was established in 1901, originally manufacturing heat exchangers. Heat exchangers are still used in the biomass plants, which allow fuels with low calorific values to be burnt efficiently. Kablitz plants are used in any industries burning waste wood to provide the production either with saturated or overheated steam or hot water.
Category Technical data Boilers Thermal oil, steam
KARA Energy Systems (BIB Cochran) KARA Energy Systems is a global supplier of biomass combustion systems, specialising in the conversion of solid fuels into energy and the manufacture of fuel handling, combustion and clean up technology. BIB Cochran manufactures the boiler system.
Boilers
Thermal oil, steam
Capacity Up to 40MW and beyond, as specified by client Outputs Steam pressure up to 110 bar/temperature up to 510C and thermal oil Fuel Wood chips, bark, chipboard, medium density fibreboard, waste wood, rice husks, olives stones, other solid biomass Feed water temperature 100OC to 190OC
Capacity 370 kW15MW Fuel Dry fuel (flakes or sawdust from dried wood, fibre board, paper, card, etc.) 8%25% moisture content Output Thermal oil, steam (can be used with steam turbine for CHP) Dry underscrew furnace, wet underscrew furnace, fixed sloping grate, hydraulic flat grate, sloping hydraulic moving grate, cyclone burner Fuel Small wood particles with 2540% moisture content, large wood particles with 2060% moisture content, high ash content fuel, slow burning materials, with 3070% moisture content thermal capacity up to 5MW, fine sawdust or dust with moisture content of up to 15%
The biomass-fired steam boilers can be built vertically or horizontally, and can be as large as 30m tall/long. Steam is produced within a water tube boiler with natural circulation. Kablitz delivers whole power plants including fuel feeding system, combustion and boiler system, ash removal system, flue gas cleaning, steam turbine and generator, piping for water and steam, steel construction, assembly and commissioning. Kablitz and Mitthof have designed and delivered over 500 boiler grate systems and five power stations. A UK example is at Kronospan board mill at Chirk, Wrexham, which is fired with virgin timber. Other examples are given on the website.
Examples
KARA Energy Systems B.V. supplies various types of incineration systems for all kinds of (biomass) wastes. Every installation is custom-made. Installations are based on KARA Energy Systems B.V. designs. A variety of furnaces are available depending on the fuel requirement. A range of boilers are available providing hot water or steam, with pressures up to 20 bar and include a thermal oil boiler for high temperature (200300C) applications. Slough Heat and Power Sloughs energy centre has a multi-fuelled BIB Cochran vibrating grate boiler, fired by wood and fibre fuel (paper and cardboard based), drives a 12MW pass-out steam turbine and two woodchip-fuelled Foster Wheeler fluidised bed boilers that drive a 35MW steam pass-out turbine. The Energy Centre generates 270GWh/yr which is sold via a Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation contract.
Examples
Contact Richard Kablitz and Mitthof GmbH

T +49 (0) 93 43 79 01 24 1 E info@kablitz.de W www.kablitz.com
Contact KARA Energy Systems

T +31 54 68 76 580 E kara@kara.nl W www.kara.nl
UK supplier BIB Cochran Ltd

T 01461 202 111 E enquiries@bibcochran.com W www.bibcochran.com
50
51
Keppel Seghers Keppel Seghers is the environmental division of the Keppel Corporation and is a provider of comprehensive environmental solutions, ranging from consultancy, design and engineering, technology and construction, to operations and maintenance of facilities. Their advanced technology solutions address a wide spectrum of environmental issues such as solid waste, biosolids and sludge treatment.
KIV Engineering A Slovenian company established in 1947, began designing, manufacturing and installing biomass boiler systems 30 years ago. KIV also develops and produces bespoke WID-Compliant Energy from Waste (EfW) systems.
Boiler
Steam
Category
Boilers ACT Capacity Modul R-H-S Rating Input
Thermal oil, steam Gasification 1.3MWth25MWth Steam boiler up to 16 bar(g) pressure 1.3MWth4MWth output (3 models) Water tube superheated steam boilers up to 60 bar(g) pressure (550oC), 12.5MWth to 25MWth input
Capacity Waste to energy plants up to 70MWth and 12MWe + high pressure steam for process applications, evaporator/combustor for sewage sludge up to 200 tonnes/day (at 22% dry solid content) Fuel Mixed industrial waste, municipal solid waste and paper, oily, sewage and chemical sludge, and RDF (refuse-derived fuel) Output Steam The ZerofuelTM fluidised bed technology has been successfully applied to various kinds of wastes such as municipal sludge, paper sludge, oily sludge, chemical sludge, RDF granules, wood residues, de-inking sludge, completely dried sludge, sewage sludge, etc. It can be used with or without energy recovery systems (steam, heat, electricity). Keppel Seghers will provide the technology and also build an Energy-from-Waste Combined Heat and Power Plant (EFW CHP plant) on behalf of Ineos Runcorn TPS Ltd (owned by Viridor Waste Management Limited, John Laing PLC and Ineos Chlor). The plant, to be completed by 2012, will have a capacity to treat up to 420,000 tonnes per year of RDF, and will be able to supply at full capacity some 270,000MWh of electricity and 500,000 tonnes of steam per year into the internal network of the Ineos Runcorn site. It features the companys water-cooled grate, the horizontal boiler design integrated with prism technology, for enhanced heat recovery, and double dry flue gas cleaning system.
Technical data
TPVb with firebox Steam boiler up to 20bar(g) pressure, 412MWth output (5 models) Steam production of 0.75t/h up to 15t/h Water tube superheated steam boilers up to 60 bar(g) pressure (550C), 12.5MWth to 25MWth Fuel Output Equipment & technology Wide variety from clean wood to sewage sludge Hot water, thermal oil, steam, Energy from Waste gasification
Examples
KIV supplies fully automatic turnkey biomass and EfW WID-compliant systems. The EfW systems are based on a proven air-cooled step grate and use a patented two-stage combustion furnace design with similar boilers to the biomass systems up to 10 12MWth input. Larger systems use specialist water-tube boilers. The output capacity of the EfW systems is 800kW25MWth. Four-line plants can be designed to deal with 200,000t/yr of municipal solid waste/refuse-derived fuel with a potential output of 26MWe net. KIVs gasification technology uses the same step grate technology that is used in the biomass boilers. No examples currently installed in the UK but the technology is installed in various European countries. An EfW WID-compliant plant (18MWth input) has recently been installed in Celje, Slovenia using gasification technology. The plant combusts 37,500 tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW), mixed with 7,500 tonnes of sewage sludge cake annually. Power output will be 2.4MWe net, plus hot water for approximately 500 dwellings.
Examples
Contact Keppel Seghers UK Ltd

T 01902 733 798 E info@keppelseghers.com W www.keppelseghers.com/home
Contact KIV Engineering

T +38 63 70 34 111 E info@kiv.si W www.kiv.si
UK supplier Energia Ltd

T 01684 585 238 E info@kiv-uk.com W www.kiv-uk.com
52
53
Kohlbach Kohlbach is a family owned company based in Austria. Over the last forty years they have installed over 1,000 biomass boiler plants throughout Europe. Kohlbach is represented in the UK and Ireland by Buccleuch BioEnergy Ltd. Applications include hot water, thermal oil and steam boilers for use in individual space heating, district heating, combined heat and power and process heat applications.
LIN-KA ENERGY LIN-KA ENERGY A/S based in Denmark is one of the world leaders within the field of biomass heating and steam-raising plants. The company has over thirty years of experience and know-how on the combustion of biomass and also has particular expertise with the utilisation of straw.
Boilers Capacity Oil Steam Fuel
Thermal oil, steam
Boilers Capacity Capacity Fuel Output Containerised
Steam Steam 200kW5MW District heating 1.5MW 5MW, 1.5MW10MW Woodchip, pellet and straw Hot water, steam 400kW3MW
300kWth to 10MWth 150C300C (up to 9MW) 0.5 bar40 bar (saturated and super heated) 1060% moisture content. Woody biomass (such as woodchip, bark and sawdust) Containerised 400kW1.6MW Kohlbach boilers utilise moving grate technology. Their scope of supply also includes flue gas treatment using flue gas condensation, cyclone filters, electrostatic filters or fabric filters as appropriate. Thermal oil boilers with exit temperatures in excess of 200C can be supplied with economisers. Steam boilers are available that can provide saturated or super heated steam. Kohlbach can also supply the balance of plant required for the operation of their steam boilers (e.g. feed-water pumps, tanks). Kohlbach CHP systems use either Organic Rankine Cycle technology (up to 1.6MWe) or steam technology (steam turbine or steam engine) up to 32 bar. Buccleuch BioEnergy Ltd has installed a number of Kohlbach boiler systems in the UK providing space heating and domestic hot water. One example is the 1.5MW boiler at Queen Margaret University campus in Musselburgh near Edinburgh (35acre campus with biomass district heating scheme using wood fuel with a moisture content of 60%). Examples of process heat, steam and combined heat and power are located in mainland Europe and there are over 40 examples of Kohlbach plants using thermal oil boilers and ORC units.
Applications for LIN-KA boilers include hot water, steam, district heating and containerised systems. Hot water plants are primarily used for space heating. Steam plants are intended for process industry where higher temperatures or pressures are required, e.g. within the food and beverages sector, laundries, etc. The heating plant is for use in towns or communities for establishing or expanding a district heating system.
Examples
There are no examples of LIN-KA steam boilers in the UK. However, there are a number of operational systems in Scandinavia.
Examples
Contact Kohlbach
T +43 (0) 43 52 21 57 0 E office@kohlbach.at W www.kohlbach.at
UK supplier Buccleuch BioEnergy Ltd

T 0131 561 5000 E bioenergy@buccleuch.com W www.buccleuch-bioenergy.com
Contact LIN-KA ENERGY A/S

T +45 97 34 16 55 E linka@linka.dk W www.linka.dk
UK supplier Manco Energy Ltd

T 01430 828 660 E info@mancoenergy.com W www.mancoenergy.com
54
55
Martin GmbH Martin GmbH is based in Munich, Germany and has been actively involved in the construction of energy from waste plants for 80 years. The company also works with all associated components and systems, including heat recovery boilers and flue gas cleaning systems. There are over 670 installations worldwide for the combustion of waste.
Mawera Mawera is now part of the Viessman group and has been supplying biomass boiler systems since 1975, with over 4,000 systems installed throughout Europe. There are around 40 installations in the UK with a total installed capacity of around 80MW. Their services include full system design, supply, installation and servicing. Applications include CHP, district heating and industrial process heat. Mawera has a test facility to carry out product research and development and testing and evaluation of clients fuel.
Category Technical data Boilers Thermal oil, steam
Category
Boiler CHP
Thermal oil, steam Steam turbine
Technical data
Capacity <70MW Output Electricity and heat Fuel Municipal solid waste, commercial solid waste, can use wood or straw if mixed with solid waste Martin boilers use air cooled grate combustion technology. The three combustion systems differ in the composition of the combustion air provided: In the conventional combustion system, underfire and overfire air is fed to the combustion process With flue gas recirculation, most of the overfire air is replaced with recirculated flue gas, after particulate removal The SYNCOM process which features oxygen enrichment of underfire air, flue gas recirculation to overfire air, combustion control supported by infrared cameras Equipment & technology
Capacity 100kWth15MWth Fuel Various from 5%60% (forest and sawmill residue, bark, wood processing residue, sander dust, shavings, panel board residue, pellets and briquettes) Output Hot water, thermal oil, steam Mawera boilers are available to generate hot water, thermal oil (180C350C) and steam and can use wood pellets, sawdust and fines, residue from forestry, sawmill and landscaping activities, bark (hogged and unhogged), wood processing and furniture manufacture residue and reclaimed waste wood (from demolition and construction). They are 3-pass horizontal flame tube boilers with automatic tube cleaning. Firing systems include air injection (850kW15MW), underfed stoker (110kW 5MW) and moving grate (110kW5MW) depending on fuel to be used. Combined heat and power systems have been based on the Stirling cogeneration system and ORC technology.
Examples
CNIM offer turnkey project development services and incorporate Martin boilers into energy from waste schemes in the UK. CNIM have built eight energy from waste plants in the UK using Martin boilers, including the South East London Combined Heat and Power Facility (SELCHP). This is capable of handling 420,000 tonnes of waste from households and businesses per annum and produces electricity to power around 48,000 homes. Steam leaves the boilers at a temperature of 395C and pressure of 46 bar, and is fed directly into a single 35MW steam turbine generator. The turbine rotates the generator to produce electricity. Steam from the turbine is also used to pre-heat the combustion air for the waste burning process.
Examples
Mawera had two steam boilers in the UK. One is no longer in use and the other (4.5t/hr) has been relocated to Italy. In 2008 Mawera UK installed a 4.2MW hot water boiler at the main manufacturing facility of the furniture manufacturer The Symphony Group plc. The boiler, which is fed from a 1000m3 fuel silo, uses up to 5,000kg per hour of waste wood from the on-site operations per hour. The boiler features fully automatic de-ashing and emissions to atmosphere are controlled by a multi-cyclone grit arrestor.
Contact Martin GmbH

T +49 89 35 61 70 E mail@martingmbh.de W www.martingmbh.de
UK supplier CNIM
T +33 49 41 03 00 0 W www.cnim.com/hi/index.htm
Contact Mawera
T +43 (0) 55 74 74 30 10 E info@mawera.com W www.mawera.com
UK contact Mawera Uk
T 01543 258 844 E info@mawera.co.uk W www.mawera.co.uk
56
57
Metso Power Metso is a global supplier of sustainable technology and services for mining, construction, energy, metal recycling and the pulp and paper industries. Metso Power manufactures equipment for fluidised bed combustion for the pulp and paper industry and power producers using the combustion of biomass and other fuels, as well as co-combustion.
MW Power MW Power Oy is a joint venture by the globally operating Metso (60%) and Wrtsil (40%). MW Power provides medium and small-scale power and heating plant solutions for sustainable energy generation and focuses on flexible utilisation of local renewable fuels, innovative technologies and service capabilities.
Category
Boilers CHP ACT
Steam Gasification/pyrolysis, Gasification
Category
Boiler CHP
Steam Steam turbine
Technical data Technical data Capacity Steam capacity 10600MW, CFB Gasifier limekiln use 26.8MW Output 340t burntlime/day Fuel 100% biomass, 100% coal or any combination of the two, bark, wood chips, sawdust, forest residue, peat, rice husk, dry solids, recovered fuel, de-inking and water treatment sludge, and many other recycled products Output Steam, synthetic gas Circulating fluidised bed boiler (CYMICTM), bubbling fluidised bed boiler (HYBEXTM), recovery boilers (RECOXTM) power generation. CYMICTM boiler uses circulating fluidised bed technology and is optimal for higher heating value fuels, such as drier biomass, recycled fuels, fossil fuels and co-combustion. HYBEXTM boiler uses bubbling fluidised bed technology and is suitable for power generation from biofuels and recycled fuel. RECOXTM boilers range from small units to the largest in the world, operating up to 7,000 tons of dry solids per day. The CFB Gasifier is a circulating fluidised bed (CFB) reactor developed by Metso. It uses a wide range of fuels from peat and biofuels to different waste fractions. It can be applied to substitute oil, natural gas or other fossil fuels in industrial furnaces like limekilns, or to substitute coal, peat or other fossil fuels in power boilers. Examples Stevens Croft Power Station, Lockerbie Metso supplied the power plant boiler (HYBEX), fuel supply system and flue gas cleaning system for E.ON UKs Stevens Croft Power Station, which has a capacity of 44MWe, generating electricity only from wood chips and other wood-based fuels as well as recycled fuels. Examples
Capacity 3.2MWe, 5.6MWe9.4MWe, heat up to 25MWth Steam 17.8MW, (22t/hr)29MW (36t/hr) Fuel Spent grain, bark, sawdust, wood chips, wood residues, peat, sawmill residue Output Steam, hot water, CHP MW Biopower technology is based on a BioGrate or bubbling fluidised bed (BFB) combustion, which are modular and based on standardised components. A typical plant includes fuel feeding, boiler island, flue gas cleaning, steam turbine, generator and all auxiliary systems and can utilise local renewable fuels effectively. In 2009, MW Power delivered two identical power plants for the Manchester and Tadcaster breweries in the UK Each plant includes a condensing-extraction turbine and a steam boiler. The plants burn a mixture of spent grain and wood chips from local sources. They generate steam and electricity for brewery processes and export electricity to the local grid. The steam capacity of the plant is 4.7MWe/0MWth or 3.1MWe/7.4MWth, steam pressure: 62bar and steam temperature: 480C. The Manchester plant cost 11M and burns tonnes of brewers spent grains from the site and 33,000 tonnes of clean waste wood plus some wood prunings and spent grain from other Scottish & Newcastle sites.
Contact Metso Power

T +35 82 01 41 21 E info.mpoy@metso.com W www.metso.com
UK supplier Joule Power Ltd

T 01892 823 485 E david.joule@joulepower.com
Contact MW Power
T +35 82 01 41 36 00 E info@mwpower.fi W www.mwpower.fi
UK supplier Joule Power Ltd

T 01892 823 485 E david.joule@joulepower.com
58
59
NESS Wrmetechnik GmbH Ness is a key player in the German boiler industry and has been operating around the world since 1964. They can supply equipment for the complete management of energy on industrial sites: thermal oil, steam, process heating, space heating, and heat recovery from solids, liquids or gases produced during processes, for re-use elsewhere on site.
Polytechnik Polytechnik has installed more than 2,200 plants worldwide and has 35 years experience in the science of combustion of biomass fuels. They have experience of supplying equipment for large industrial applications and district heating schemes. The Polytechnik range includes water, steam and CHP plants from 300kW to 20MW.
Boilers
Thermal oil, Steam
Boilers Capacity Oil Steam Fuel Output
Thermal oil, Steam Up to 20MWth/4MWe Up to 300C Up to 36 bar, up to 450C Waste wood Hot water, thermal oil, steam
Capacity Up to 50 MW Fuels Wood, particle boards, off-cuts, sawdust, sanding dust, other solid process wastes, gaseous and liquid wastes from chemical process Output Hot water, thermal oil, steam, superheated steam, saturated steam Ness Wrmetechnik boiler equipment utilises combustion systems with airentrained sawdust firing, underfed stokers and grate firing systems, combined blown and underfed stoker. Plant up to 50MW is also available with output temperatures up to 320C utilising many solid, liquid or gaseous fuels including process wastes. All the following can be supplied to burn conventional fossil fuels or residual gaseous, liquid or solid material: The NESS thermal oil heater the 95kW to 20MW fuelled by conventional fuels or production waste (gaseous, fluid or solid) producing supply line temperature: up to 300C/400C with suitable heat transfer medium. Steam generators for saturated and superheated steam power range: 200kg/h to 28,000 kg/h, pressure: up to 30 bar.
Polytechnik boilers are available with underfed stokers and reciprocating grate stokers. The main application for their equipment is the timber and forestry industry, process industries and municipal and community district heating. They can provide heat only or combined heat and power systems. Electricity generation is carried out using steam turbines or steam engines or alternatively by using thermo oil in an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) plant. The scope of Polytechnik supply can include flue gas dedusting equipment such as fly ash cyclone units and electrostatic filters.
Examples
Examples
There are examples of Ness plant in use in the building materials and concrete industry, chipboard and wood industries, paper industry, chemical and plastic industries and the mineral oil industry. However, there are currently no details available of any UK examples.
There is currently one example of a Polytechnik boiler in the UK. Rural Energy Ltd designed, supplied and installed the biomass heating system, which uses a 2MW moving grate Polytechnik hot water boiler, at Bell Brothers Nurseries, Boston in 2007. The boiler, which can utilise fuel with 2050% moisture content, uses G100 grade woodchip, which is sourced from local tree surgeons, low value woodland residues and timber off-cuts from local wood working factories. There are no examples of Polytechnik steam boilers in the UK.
Contact Ness Wrmetechnik GmbH

T +49 71 81 96 75 1 E info@ness.de W www.ness.de
UK supplier Global Heat Transfer Ltd

T 0800 298 0488 W www.ness.de
Contact Polytechnik
T +43 26 72 89 00 E office@polytechnik.at W www.polytechnik.com
UK supplier Rural Energy Ltd

T 01664 454 989 W www.ruralenergy.co.uk/technical/
60
61
Puhdas Energia Puhdas Energia Oy has been developing its gasifiers since 1999.
Ranheat Engineering Ltd Ranheat Engineering are a long established company manufacturing boilers (under 600kW) and combustion equipment in Northampton to a Danish design. Their larger boilers (up to 2.5MW) are imported from Danstoker in Denmark with the combustion part of these boliers made by Ranheat. Their main market is the wood working industry, with their equipment generally used to produce space heating for disposal of waste wood, off-cuts and dust.
Category
CHP ACT Capacity Fuel Output Uses
Gasification/pyrolysis Gasification 1MWth Softwood woodchip, consumes 300kg/hour at 15%MC Synthetic gas, CHP with 350kWe available Driers, heat treatment, bakeries, etc.
Technical data
Capacity All sizes up to 2.5MW Fuel All types of wood including MDF, MFC soft and hard woods, plywood, hardboard and wood-derived products Output Steam Ranheat make up turnkey solutions using a wide range of equipment from a variety of manufacturers. All their equipment is fully compliant with the appropriate British air quality legislation as it applies to each size of plant. Handling and storage systems for sawdust, sanding dust and shavings are also available.
The pressurised gasifier has a patented refractory reactor with no nozzles; this enables high gas flow rates. Reactor diameter is 500mm with 250mm throat and 450mm reduction layer. Gas exists at 600750C. Char loss is 58% of energy input. The company has also developed a special ceramic burner for the wood producer gas, complete with residual oxygen control, enabling direct retrofit for boilers and process heating. This enables use of wood-derived producer gas in industrial applications. A semi-wet electrostatic precipitator has been developed for gas cleaning to a high level of purity. Retrofit unit Gasifier with automatic infeed and ash removal, multicyclone and a gas burner with integrated automation system, installed in a single container. CHP system of 350kWe is also available. Puhdas supply the gasifier part of the system.
Examples
They have 500 installations in the UK and they are selling to Europe and the USA. Ranheat have supplied one steam raising system in the UK for a timber merchant in Essex which uses steam for the kilns. The system, which generates 1.6t/hr of steam at 8bar, is based on a Danstoker boiler with a Ranheat retort.
Examples
Greenhouse heating and CO2 production using a 1MW wood pellet gasifier, Vaanela, Finland.
Contact Puhdas Energia

T +35 82 63 35 25 E info@puhdasenergia.com
Contact Ranheat Engineering Ltd

T 01604 750 005 W www.ranheat.com
62
63
Refgas UK Refgas UK design and build a gasifier which is market leader in size to power output, operating from a factory in Sandycroft, Flintshire, Wales. The technology has been developed by being awarded a SMART Cymru grant. The company received more than 220,000 worth of funding from the Welsh Assembly.
Repotec Repotec are engineering consultants advising on the technology behind the very successful Gssing biomass gasifier combined heat and power plant. They are based in Gssing and Vienna.
Category
CHP ACT
Category
CHP ACT
Technical data
Initial system based on refuse-derived fuel. Wood biomass system also developed, wide variety of feedstock with higher moisture content than conventional gasifier. System eliminates driers and pelletisers. A single 2.5MWe gasifier plant will require 2 tonnes per hour of wood feedstock. It uses the down-draught gasifier principle. The reactor works under a vacuum, therefore there is no danger of gas leakage as the vessel is not under pressure. The process is a thermo-chemical process in which the biomass is heated in an oxygen deficient atmosphere, the high temperatures (1000oC+) and reduced oxygen limit emissions. It utilises gas clean-up technology to ensure the gas produced is suitable to be efficiently burnt in engines with a very favourable emissions profile. A 500kW (electrical output) plant is housed in 2 x 20 containers.
Technical data
Fast internally circulating fluidised bed gasifier. Combined fluidised bed gasification and circulating fluidised bed combustion zones. Steam injection to gasification bed gives high calorific value producer gas. Output 2MW electrical, 4.5MW thermal Efficiency Total efficiency 80% Users Heat for district heating scheme System has been further developed to create liquid bio-fuels and synthetic natural gas.
Examples
The biomass gasifier CHP plant at the University of East Anglia cost 8.5 million, with the gasifier costing approximately 2m. It is a 1.4MWe plant producing 2MW of heat for the campus heat mains. 10% of the electrical power produced is required by the system to run the internal compressors. Short video of installation: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/norfolk/8016402.stm
Repotec are engineering consultants advising on the technology behind the very successful Gssing gasifier combined heat and power plant. This technology, originally developed at Vienna Technical University, was developed into a 2MWe and 4.5MWth output plant. It is well proven with over 45,000 hours of successful operation since 2001. A high value producer gas is generated. It is converted in an associated gas engine to heat and electricity. Compared to steam turbines, a much higher efficiency can be reached. Gssing has about 4,000 inhabitants, and is situated close to the Hungarian border. The region around the town is heavily wooded. The combined heat and power (CHP) plant has a capacity of 8MWth/2MWe. The plant is fuelled by wood chips (20 to 30%mc). The plant consists of a dual fluidised bed steam gasifier, a two-stage gas cleaning system, a gas engine with an electricity generator, and a heat utilisation system. The inhabitants of the town benefit from low and stable heat and electricity prices.
Examples
Contact Refgas UK
T 01244 529 589 W www.refgas-uk.com
Contact Repotec
T +43 (0) 12 16 18 95 E office@repotec.at W www.repotec.at
64
65
Schmid AG Wood Firing Systems Schmid AG is headquartered in Switzerland with other sites in Germany and France. Employing over 200 people, the company is a family owned business which has been developing wood energy for more than 70 years. They manufacture biomass boilers and supply all associated plant such as fuel storage and transfer equipment and flue gas cleaning systems.
Spilling Energie Systeme Spilling is based in Germany and designs, constructs and delivers complete systems for generating electricity from biomass. The sectors that use their technology include timber industry, pellet plants, biomass cogeneration and district heating plants, chemical, paper, textile and food processing industries.
Boilers
Thermal oil, steam
CHP
Steam turbine, steam engine
Capacity 2.4MWth25MW Outputs Thermal oil, steam Fuel Wood pellets <10%MC, woodchip, shavings, sawdust and wood processing residue up to 50%MC Containerised boilers Operating pressure Max steam temperature 180kW1.2MW 532 bar 425C
Fuel Woodchip/pellets Capacity 100kWe5MWe Output Electricity and hot water Spilling have proven themselves as prime movers for small to medium size biomass power generation plants in the industry and district heating sectors. They are most often operated as combined heat and power systems. The steam engines are usually deployed in connection with boilers in moderate live steam conditions and/or saturated steam boilers, particularly where steam mass flow or energy acceptance is subject to clear fluctuations.
Schmid AG CHP systems are based on either steam cycle turbines or the ORC technology. There are examples of both systems installed in Europe. They have also developed systems to use spent brewers grains with one such system installed in a Heineken brewery in Nigeria (4.3MW of hot water at 170C from 5 tonnes/hour spent wet grains). There are no examples of Schmid AG steam boilers in the UK. Imperative Energy has installed a Schmid UTSK 1.2MW boiler at the new Pembury Hospital in Kent. The boiler, which uses woodchip fuel delivered to site in hook bins, provides low temperature hot water to meet the hospitals space heating base load.
Examples
There are examples of this plant installed throughout Europe, but there are currently no installations in the UK.
Examples
Contact Schmid AG Wood Firing Systems

T +41 (0) 71 97 37 37 3 W www.holzfeuerung.ch
UK supplier Imperative Energy Ltd

T 01270 758 790 E chris.hughes@imperativeenergy.com W www.imperativeenergy.com
Contact Spilling Energie Systeme

T +49 (0) 40 78 91 75 0 W www.spilling.de/english
66
67
TK Energi TK Energi was founded in 1990 by Mr. Thomas Koch and became a limited company in 1996. The company employs 15 people. It is a technology developer and turnkey supplier. It produces primarily prototypes with all other production outsourced.
TPS Termiska Processer AB TPS provides technical solutions for combustion of renewable biofuels and for retro-fitting multi-burner installations to existing oil and coal-fired boilers and burners, enabling them to run on biofuels. TPS is part of Tall Oil, which is an integrated group of bio-energy companies.
Category
CHP ACT
Boilers
Steam
Technical data
Capacity 2.3MWth Fuel Wood chips Output Synthetic gas TK Energi, based in Denmark, has developed a three-stage, down-draught gasifier that includes pyrolysis and partial oxidation zones, and a reformer-based char gasification zone. The internally heated pyrolysis reactor has no mechanical parts that could be exposed to the high temperatures. The tars in the pyrolysis gas are all thermally cracked when passing through the combustion zone (up to 1250C) and the fixed char bed, leaving a clean gas. The thermal efficiency is 60%, while the electrical efficiency is estimated to be up to 32%. The gasifiers are designed for 7000 hours of continuous operation before shutting down for maintenance. There is about 310% of energy remaining in the char. A plug feeder system has also been developed to feed biomass (up to 400 tonnes per hour) into pressurised systems (up to 75 bar). The company is also developing a slagging gasifier for producing 3rd generation liquid biofuels from waste. Equipment & technology
Capacity Specialists in large plant 100kW to 100MW Outputs Hot water and steam Fuels Pellets, any type of wood, and wastes such as paper, card and plastic TPS produce a wide range of equipment and can design and install complete specialist systems for waste disposal/energy generation. BioSwirl cyclone burner Capacity: 2MWth to 15MWth, fuelled by crushed wood pellets (10%mc) and wood chips (<25%mc). The burner requires gas and/or oil ignition and wood fuel is introduced when the required temperature is reached. Used in steam raising for process or electricity generation, or for hot water, and for incineration systems. Multi-fuel burner 550MW. The burner is a free burning type. Fuel pellets or wood chips need to be less than 10% mc. The burner is of particular interest for large plants replacing oil and gas burners. Stepfire fire tube high efficiency boilers. Range from 500kW3MW and are suited to combustion of pellets, briquettes and dry wood chips (less than 30%mc). The Stepfire boiler is a complete heating solution based on continuous combustion on a stationary grate. As the fuel burns it is transported over the grate by scrapers until it reaches the end, at which point the fuel is burnt out completely and only ash remains. Purpose designed waste burning systems TPS can deliver complete plants or rebuild existing units to meet the demands of the EU's Waste Combustion Directive, providing grate-fired plants for unsorted wastes as well as grate-fired and fluidised bed plants for sorted wastes (paper, wood, plastics) and co-fired plants.
Examples
There are no examples in the UK at present, but there is a district heating system at Gjl, Denmark a 2.3MWth (dry wood input) gasifier where the gas is used in an existing natural gas-fired Jenbacher engine, to generate electricity. The plant was commissioned in January 2006. There is also a slagging entrained flow sludge gasifier in Kge. Examples
We understand that there are no examples of TPS boilers in the United Kingdom, although there are many in Europe.
Contact TK Energi
T +45 46 18 90 00 W www.tke.dk
Contact TPS Termiska Processer AB

T +46 (0) 85 35 24 60 0 W www.tps.se
68
69
Turboden Srl Turboden Srl is an Italian company with nearly 30 years experience of designing, manufacturing, installing and maintaining turbo generators based on the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for the cogeneration of heat and electrical power. There are currently 129 systems installed in Europe as at January 2009 (93 in operation, 36 under construction).
Uniconfort Uniconfort is based in Italy. The company manufactures and installs biomass-fired boilers to produce hot water, high-pressure hot water, hot air, steam and thermal oil. Uniconfort has recently installed a new boiler at the Comune di Apiro (Apiro City Hall) in Italy, which burns 30% straw and 70% woodchips.
CHP
Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)
Boilers
Thermal oil, steam
Capacity 400 kWe2.2 MWe Fuel Woody biomass (woodchip, bark, sawdust, treated wood), agricultural residues (straw, rice husk), arboricultural residues, waste material (sewage sludge, marc) (1000kg/hr5250kg/hr) Output Electricity and hot water Efficiency 20% e(gross) 78%th Efficiency Up to 24% e non-cogeneration The equipment is packaged CHP plant and is well suited to the use of industrial waste wood. Existing applications in Europe include timber drying in sawmills, sawdust drying in wood pellet plants, air pre-heating in the MDF industry and also district heating schemes in Europe. There is one unit currently under construction (mid-2009) for LandEnergy Ltd. The application is for a wood pellet mill in Scotland. The turbine is used for on-site power production and the excess heat is used to dry the wood fibre. Heat input: 14MW biomass-fuelled thermal oil boiler, output: 2.2MWe gross, 10MWth (water 60C/90C).
Capacity 93kWth5.8MWth, containerised up to 348kWth Fuels Wood pellets, woodchip, straw, waste wood and agricultural biomasses Output Thermal oil 280C Steam 0.7 bar to 25 bar saturated Fuel Untreated wood up to 3055% moisture content, pellets or chips Biotech range CMT range DUAL range GLOBAL range Outputs 348kW5.8MW providing hot or superheated water. Outputs 92.8kW3,480kW providing hot or superheated water and steam. Outputs 92.8kW3.48MW providing hot or superheated water and steam. Outputs 348kW5,800kW providing hot or superheated water, saturated steam and thermal oil.
Examples
Examples
We understand that there is a Uniconfort boiler installed in Hereford but no details of the installation are currently available. Schuberts Biomass is now supplying Uniconfort boilers to the UK market but has not completed any UK installations yet (summer 2009).
Contact Turboden Srl

T +39 03 03 55 20 01 W www.turboden.it
Contact Uniconfort
T +39 04 95 95 20 5 W www.uniconfort.com
UK contact Schuberts Biomass

T 01226 360 900 W www.schuberts-biomass.co.uk
70
71
Vyncke Energietechniek Vyncke is based in Belgium and has been operating since 1912, delivering tailor-made solutions to customers all over the world. They offer complete industrial waste to clean energy solutions all under one roof, from design, engineering, manufacturing, installation and commissioning to training and after-sales service.
Waste2energy Waste2energy is a US company that acquired, in 2007, a 95% share in Enerwaste, an environmental engineering, manufacturing and technology company specialising in innovative processes for the disposal of a wide variety of waste. The waste is converted into a synthetic gas that can be used to produce steam and electricity. There are over 40 projects installed worldwide by Enerwaste, with another 60 projects developed on the Enerwaste principle.
Boilers
Thermal oil, steam
Category
CHP ACT
Capacity 2100MWth and up to 10MWe Fuel Thermal systems biomass, agricultural waste and wood processing waste from coarse to fine and from wet to dry. Electrical systems can take in addition paper and packing waste, demolition wood, RDF Output Thermal oil, steam Dynamic Watercooled Stepgrate DWS forms the basis of the energy plants, which range from 2MWth to 100MWth and can be supplied either as steam, hot water, thermal oil, hot gas, electricity (up to 10MWe) or in any assorted combination. Vyncke provide combustion and boiler systems for decentralised power stations (110MWe ) and turnkey energy plants (165MWth) using various homogenous secondary biomass fuels, such as demolition wood, refuse-derived fuels (RDF), packing materials, paper waste, etc. Different agricultural waste streams (e.g. rice husks, coffee husks, coconut shells, etc.) can be burnt in one installation, either separately or mixed. Wood processing industry production waste, which varies in granular size, fuel humidity and chemical composition, is mainly converted into thermal energy such as steam, hot water and/or thermal oil.
Technical data
Capacity <50MW from 1,500 metric tonnes per day (MTPD) of waste Fuel Multiple types of waste Output Synthetic gas for CHP The Batch Oxidisation System (BOS) was designed as a low emission and low labour approach to small and medium-scale solid waste disposal. The BOS utilises a gasification process that thermally converts waste products into a combustible gas. This two-stage process provides the lowest possible emissions and is the most environmentally sound method for waste disposal for 1150 tonnes per day. The Mass conversion system is a low-cost gasification and oxidation system in which both processes are carried out within the same vertical chamber. Like the BOS system, it oxidises at high temperature giving extremely clean emissions. It features a mechanical feed system that is ideally suited to large quantities of biomass or other consistent waste feedstock from 501,000 tonnes per day.
Examples
Examples
The Balcas wood pellet production facility in Invergordon, Scotland has a 40MWth Vyncke boiler that uses woodchip (up to 55% moisture content). The fluidised bed boiler is due to be commissioned in the summer of 2009 followed by the 8MWe steam turbine generator. The plant generates the process heat required by the wood pellet processing operations and 3MWe of electricity for the sites own requirements, with the remaining 5MWe being exported to the grid.
Six new plants are to be established in the UK, including the power station at Dumfries Dargavel, Scotland, UK for Scotgen (construction started 2008), for a plant with 120 MTPD mixed waste and 5MW Power Recovery BOS system. The power station at Bristol has planning permission to commence construction on a plant using 100,000 tonnes/year waste.
Contact Vyncke Energietechniek

T +32 56 73 06 30 E mail@vyncke.com W www.vyncke.be/english/energ.php
Contact Waste2energy
T +864 (0) 67 91 62 5 E info@waste2energy.com W www.waste2energy.com
UK contact Planet Advantage Ltd

T 0161 724 2222 E info@planetgroup.co.uk
72
73
Weiss Kessel Weiss Kessel, Anlagen und Maschinenbau GmbH is based in Germany and has been producing boilers for the wood working industry for over 30 years, with boilers sold in 60 countries including the UK and around Europe.
Wykes Engineering Wykes Engineering is part of the Wykes Group. Its core design business focuses on heavy mechanical handling and process plant layouts, and associated equipment from screw conveyors, and pressure vessels through to power stations. Ancillary components was formed to specialise in developing new solutions to existing and emerging needs for creative waste management across a range of industries.
Boilers
Thermal oil, steam
Boilers
Steam
Capacity 650kW50MW Fuels Wood, sawdust, briquettes, shavings, off-cuts, MDF and particle boards Outputs Thermal oil, steam The CHP plants range from 500kW to 10MW electrical output with steam turbine and steam engine. Organic Rankine Cycle turbo-generators for power supply range from 300kW up to 1,200kW electrical output. The cyclone furnace (underfeed stoker furnace) generates warm water at 90C and hot water up to 230C, low pressure steam at 1 bar, high pressure steam up to 36 bar and superheated steam up to 80 bar and 480C. Screw gate furnaces, cyclone burner furnaces (muffle furnaces), jet blower furnaces and push grate furnaces are also used. multicrat boiler 800 2.2MW turbocrat boiler 1,000 8MW three pass boiler 1,000 10MW watertube boiler 4,000 35MW thermal oil heaters up to 10MW hot gas generators up to 35MW
Capacity Specialists in large plant up to 50MWth Outputs High or low pressure steam Fuels Any Wykes Engineering provides bespoke large-scale systems based on bubbling fluidised bed technology. Goosey Lodge Power Plant is based on bubbling fluidised bed (BFB) technology and combusts a wide variety of materials solids, liquids and sludges. The plant exceeds the current and planned future environmental standards prescribed by UK and EU law. A similar plant was designed and built by Wykes Engineering for PDM Group at Widnes BFB Power Plant.
Equipment & technology Examples
Examples
There are currently no examples of Weiss Kessel steam boilers in the UK. There are, however, a 1.4MW boiler at Gresham Office Furniture, Bolton, which uses MDF dust as fuel and a 5MW pusher grate hot water boiler at Howden Joinery in Runcorn using process waste wood and wood products as fuel.
Contact Weiss Kessel

T +49 27 71 39 30 E info@weiss-kessel.de W www.weiss-kessel.de
UK supplier Modern Energy Systems

T 0844 561 7469 E info@modernenergysystems.co.uk W www.modernenergysystems.co.uk
Contact Wykes Engineering

T 01933 315 818 E enquiries@wykesengineering.co.uk W www.wykesengineering.co.uk
74
75
Xylowatt Xylowatt specialises in the design, construction and management of fully automated modular biomass gasification units, converting biomass into heat and electricity. With over 20 years of experience in biomass resources, gasification systems, electrical generating sets and cleaning systems, Xylowatt designs, builds and monitors bio-energy systems from 300kWe to several MWe. The Xylowatt CHP power plant allows on-site electricity production at high efficiency for production at these power levels.
Category CHP ACT Capacity Gasification/pyrolysis Gasification 300kWe1.5MWe/600kWth (biomass 270kg/hour)3MWth (biomass 1,350kg/hour). Larger outputs can be accommodated using modular units with several gasifiers Wood chips, wood processing waste, municipal thinnings, short rotation coppice Synthetic gas for electricity generation via a gas engine, with CHP 1,500 to 25,000 tonnes of wood per year Electrical 25%, thermal 50%, total 75%
List of UK suppliers
Technical data
Fuels Output Throughput Efficiency Equipment & technology
The Xylowatt biomass combined heat and power system is based on a downdraught fixed bed gasifier, the NOTAR reactor developed at the University of Louvain. The output fuel gas has a calorific value between 4.5 and 5.8 MJ/nm3, which suits standard gas engines, and less than 50mg/nm3 tar is produced at the gasifier outlet. The wood gas obtained still contains some fines, particles and tars so it is cleaned before being fed to a standard gas engine linked to a generator. In a typical system about 1% ash is produced. Three plants are currently running, and five plants are under construction. The operational plants are as follows: one sawmill, where the electricity and heat generated are used in the process. CHP district heating scheme was installed at the village of Gedinne in spring 2007 an xW300 unit was sold to Tournai city and supplies electricity and hot water for the local swimming pool using municipal trimmings end of 2009, an xW300 unit is due to be installed in the United Kingdom
Examples
Contact Xylowatt
T +32 (0) 71 60 68 00 E info@xylowatt.com W www.xylowatt.com
76
77
List of UK suppliers
BIB Cochran Ltd

Newbie Works, Annan, Dumfries & Galloway, DG12 5QU T 01461 202 111 E enquiries@bibcochran.com W www.bibcochran.com Supplies: KARA Energy Systems
Byworth Boilers
Parkwood Boiler Works, Parkwood St, Keighley, West Yorkshire, BD21 4NW T 01535 665 225 E sales@byworth.co.uk W www.byworth.co.uk Supplies: Byworth Boilers
ENERGOS Ltd
11b Olympic Park, Woolston Grange Avenue, Birchwood, Warrington, WA2 0YL T 0845 683 7001 W www.energos.com Supplies: ENERGOS
Inetec
Unit 17, Village Farm Road, Village Farm Industrial Estate, Pyle, Bridgend, CF33 6BL T 01656 746 439 E sales@inetec.co.uk W www.inetec.co.uk Supplies: Inetec Thermec
Manco Energy Ltd

Market Weighton Road, North Newbald, East Yorkshire, YO43 4SP T 01430 828 660 E info@mancoenergy.com W www.mancoenergy.com Supplies: LIN-KA
Rural Energy Ltd

Manor Farm, Main Street, Owston, Oakham, Leicestershire, LE15 8DH T 01664 454 989 W www.ruralenergy.co.uk Supplies: Polytechnik
Bioenergy Technology
Pound Lane, Framfield, Uckfield, East Sussex, TN22 5RU T 01825 890 140 W www.bioenergy.org Supplies: range of boilers
Clarke Energy UK
Power House, Senator Point, South Boundary Road, Knowsley Industrial Park, Liverpool, L33 7RR T 0151 546 4446 E salesuk@clarke-energy.com W www.clarke-energy.co.uk Supplies: Adoratec
Energia Ltd
Malvern Hills Science Park, Geraldine Road, Malvern, Worcestershire, WR14 3SZ T 01684 585 238 E info@kiv-uk.com W www.kiv-uk.com Supplies: KIV
Schuberts Biomass
Athersley House, Pilley Hills, Tankersley, South Yorkshire, S75 3AT T 01226 360 900 W www.schuberts-biomass.co.uk Supplies: Uniconfort
ICI Caldaie
Unit 6 West Link Business Park, Guide Street, Salford, Manchester, M50 1EW T 0161 743 9595 E salesuk@icicaldaie.com W www.icicaldaie.com Supplies: ICI Caldaie
Mawera UK Ltd
PO Box 5581, Lichfield, Staffordshire, WS14 4FS T 01543 258 844 E info@mawera.co.uk W www.mawera.co.uk Supplies: Mawera
Bioflame Ltd
South View Yatts, Pickering, North Yorkshire, YO18 8JN T 01751 472 831 E enquiries@bioflame.com W www.bioflame.com Supplies: Bioflame
UK Biomass Ltd
13 Quay Level, St Peters Basin, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE6 1TZ T 0191 265 4400 E info@uk-biomass.co.uk Supplies: Binder
CJM Coldwell Ltd

26 Claremont Gardens, Whitley Bay, Tyne and Wear, NE26 3SB T 0191 252 6445 M 07850 736 352 Supplies: AE&E
Ethos Energy
Kestrel Court, Harbour Road, Portishead, Bristol, BS20 7AN T 0844 844 1306 E info@ethosenergy.co.uk W www.ethosenergy.co.uk Supplies: Ethos Energy
ITI Energy
Advanced Manufacturing Park, Technology Centre, Brunel Way, Rotherham, South Yorkshire, S60 5WG T 01142 541 233 E sales@iti-energy.com W www.iti-energy.com Supplies: ITI Energy
Modern Energy Systems

PO Box 154, Bexhill-on-Sea, East Sussex, TN39 4WQ T 08445 617 469 E info@modernenergysystems.co.uk W www.modernenergysystems.co.uk Supplies: Weiss Kessel
Biomass CHP Ltd

19 Point Street, Larne, Co. Antrim, BT40 1HY E rp@helmsway.co.uk W www.biomasschp.co.uk Supplies: Biomass CHP
Wood Energy Ltd

Pinkworthy Barn, Oakford, Tiverton, Devon, EX16 9EU T 0845 0707 338 E sales@woodenergyltd.co.uk W www.woodenergyltd.co.uk Supplies: Binder
Danstoker UK Ltd
PO Box 82, Malton, YO17 1AG T 07921 773 580 E pe@danstoker.com W www.danstoker.dk Supplies: Danstoker
Imperative Energy Ltd

Suite 2, Chancellor Forms, Dragons Wharf, Dragons Lane, Sandbach, Cheshire, CW11 3PA T 01270 758 790 W www.imperativeenergy.ie Supplies: Schmid AG Wood Firing Systems
Planet Advantage Ltd

Ascot House, Water Street, Radcliffe, Manchester, M26 3DE T 0161 724 2222 E info@planetgroup.co.uk Supplies: Waste2energy, design and project management services
James Proctor
PO Box 19, Cow Lane, Burnley, Lancashire, BB11 1NN T 01282 453 816 W www.jamesproctor.com Supplies: James Proctor
Biomass Engineering Ltd

Junction Lane, Sankey Valley Industrial Estate, Newton-le-Willows, WA12 8DN T 01925 295 959 E info@biomass.uk.com W www.biomass.uk.com Supplies: Biomass Engineering
Wykes Engineering
Plant & Equipment, Goosey Lodge, Wymington, Rushden, Northants, NN10 9LU T 01933 315 818 E enquiries@wykesengineering.co.uk W www.wykesengineering.co.uk Supplies: Wykes Engineering UK
Doosan Babcock Energy Ltd

11 The Boulevard, Crawley, West Sussex, RH10 1UX T 01293 612 888 E enquiry@doosanbabcock.com W www.volund.dk/home Supplies: Doosan Babcock
Imtech
Imtech House, 3335 Woodthorpe Road, Ashford, Middlesex, TW15 2RP T 01784 229 900 E info@imtech.co.uk W www.imtech.eu/uk Supplies: Imtech
Joule Power Ltd

1H Woodhill Park, Pembury, Tunbridge Wells, Kent, TN2 4NN T 01892 823 485 E david.joule@joulepower.com Supplies: MWPower
Ranheat Engineering Ltd

62 St James Mill Rd, Northampton, NN5 5JP T 01604 750 005 E info@ranheat.com Supplies: Danstoker
Buccleuch BioEnergy Ltd

Computer House, Dalkeith Country Park, Dalkeith, Edinburgh, EH22 2NA T 0131 561 5000 W www.buccleuch-bioenergy.com Supplies: Kohlbach, Turboden
Refgas Ltd
Whittle Close, Engineer Park, Sandycroft, Deeside, Flintshire, CH5 2QE T 01244 529 589 E paul@refgas-uk.com Supplies: Refgas
78
79
80
81
Printed with vegetable inks using 100% recycled (minimum 75% post-consumer waste) paper. Envirolink Northwest, May 2010. Envirolink Northwest is a company limited by guarantee. Company Reg Number 3914702. Design: www.moderndesigners.co.uk
82

Directory of Industrial Biomass Boilers and Combined Heat and Power

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Directory of Industrial Biomass Boilers and Combined Heat and Power

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Directory of Industrial Biomass Boilers and Combined Heat and Power Equipment

This directory was published in partnership with:

Andrew Perrins Department of Energy and Climate Change

James Proctor boiler

Energos plant diagram

At-a-glance manufacturer information

Company summary table

Foster Wheeler Global Power

Babcock & Wilcox Vlund

Spilling Energie Systeme

KARA Energy Systems

Kablitz and Mitthof

Steam raising boilers: Part1

Steam raising boilers: Part2

<150t/h <3t/h <0.335t/h <30180t/h <270t/h

<50bar <32bar <110bar

<30bar 36bar 532bar 0.725bar

Detailed manufacturer information

Category Technical data

Category Technical data

Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)

Equipment & technology

Equipment & technology

Contact Aalborg Energie Technik A/S

UK contact Lars Broenden

UK supplier Clarke Energy UK

Category Technical data

Boilers CHP ACT

Hot water, steam Gasification/pyrolysis, steam turbine Gasification

Equipment & technology

Equipment & technology

Contact AE&E Austria GmbH & Co KG

UK contact Chris Coldwell

Contact Babcock & Wilcox Vlund

Category Technical data

Category Technical data

Equipment & technology

Equipment & technology

UK supplier Wood Energy Ltd

Contact Bioener ApS

Equipment & technology

Equipment & technology

Contact Bioflame Ltd

Contact Biomass CHP Ltd

Thermal oil, steam Steam turbine

Equipment & technology

Equipment & technology

Contact Biomass Engineering Limited

Contact Bono Sistemi

Category Technical data

Category Technical data

Equipment & technology

Equipment & technology

Contact Byworth Boilers

UK contact Danstoker UK Ltd

Equipment & technology

Equipment & technology

Contact Doosan Babcock Energy Limited

Contact ENERGOS Ltd

Category Technical data

Thermal oil, steam

Equipment & technology

Equipment & technology