Professional Documents
Culture Documents
I would like to express my deep gratitude towards my project guide Dr. Ashish Khare for his able guidance and supervision which helped me for starting this project. I am extremely grateful and remain indebted to him for being a source of inspiration and for his constant support in the idea and starting of the project. I am thankful to him for his constant constructive criticism and invaluable suggestions, which benefited me a lot while starting the project on Image Steganography I would also like to thank to Prof R.R.Tewari and Dr. T.J. Siddhiquie who were directly and indirectly instrument in enabling me to stay committed for the project. I am also very much thankful to my parents and other family members for being such a great source of inspiration of mine.
Image Steganography
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Objective
Subject of steganography, mainly focused on embedding text data in digital images. The goal of steganography is covert communication. So, a fundamental requirement of this steganography system is that the hider message carried by stego-media should not be sensible to human beings. The other goal of steganography is to avoid drawing suspicion to the existence of a hidden message. This approach of information hiding technique has recently become important in a number of application areas. This project has following objectives: To product security tool based on steganography techniques. To explore techniques of hiding data using encryption module of this project To extract techniques of getting secret data using decryption module. Steganography sometimes is used when encryption is not permitted. Or, more commonly, steganography is used to supplement encryption. An encrypted file may still hide information using steganography, so even if the encrypted file is deciphered, the hidden message is not seen.
Image Steganography
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Introduction
The word steganography is derived from the Greek words stegos meaning cover and grafia meaning writing defining it as covered writing. Steganography refers to the science of invisible" communication. Steganographic techniques strive to hide the very presence of the message itself from an observer. The general idea of hiding some information in digital content has a wider class of applications that go beyond steganography. Steganography is the process of hiding a secret message within a larger one in such a way that someone cannot know the presence or contents of the hidden message. Although related, Steganography is not to be confused with Encryption, which is the process of making a message unintelligibleSteganography attempts to hide the existence of communication. Steganography is the practice of hiding private or sensitive information within something that appears to be nothing out to the usual.
Image Steganography
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History of Steganography
440 B.C. Herodotus recounts the story of Histaiaeus, who wanted to encourage Aristagoras of Miletus to revolt against the Persian king. In order to securely convey his plan. Histiaeus shaved the head of his most trusted slave and tattooed it with a message which disappeared after the hair had regrown. To instigate a revolt against Persians. The messenger, apparently carrying nothing contentious, could travel freely. Arriving at his destination, he shaved his head and pointed it at the recipient.
Early Sreganography
Pictographs: e.g., Sherlock Holmess Dancing Men.
Image Steganography
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If she suspects a communication to contain hidden information, a passive warden takes note of the detected covert communication, reports this to some outside party and lets the message through without blocking it. An active warden, on the other hand, will try to alter the communication with the suspected hidden information deliberately, in order to remove the information.
Applications
Image Steganography has many applications, especially in todays modern, hightech world. Privacy and anonymity is a concern for most people on the internet. Image Steganography allows for two parties to communicate secretly and covertly. It allows for some morally-conscious people to safely whistle blow on internal actions.
It allows for copyright protection on digital files using the message as a digital watermark. One of the other main uses for Image Steganography is for the transportation of high-level or top-secret documents between international governments. Image Steganography has many legitimate uses; it can also be quite nefarious. It can be used by hackers to send viruses and Trojans to compromise machines, and also by terrorists and other organizations that rely on covert operations to communicate secretly and safely.
Image Steganography
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Carrier - The carrier can be a painting, a digital image, an mp3, even a TCP/IP packet among other things. It is the object that will carry the hidden message. Message - The message (hidden) is being carried by the object (carrier). Key - A key is used to decode/decipher/discover the hidden message. This can be anything from a password, a pattern, a black-light, or even lemon juice.
Image Steganography
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Steganography Hide, Without altering Obfuscates the fact of communication, not the data Preventative deter attacks
Crypyography Alter, without hiding Obfuscates the data, not fact of the communication Curative - defends attacks
Two other technologies that are closely related to steganography are watermarking and fingerprinting. These technologies are mainly concerned with the protection of intellectual property, thus the algorithms have different requirements than steganography.
Image Steganography
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Image Steganography
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Image Steganography
Image definition
To a computer, an image is a collection of numbers that constitute different light intensities in different areas of the image. This numeric representation forms a grid and the individual points are referred to as pixels. Most images on the Internet consists of a rectangular map of the images pixels (represented as bits) where each pixel is located and its colour. These pixels are displayed horizontally row by row. An image is a rectangular grid of pixels. It has a definite height definite width counted in pixels. and a
Each pixel has a color. The color is a 32-bit integer. The first eight bits determine the redness of the pixel, the next eight bits the greenness, the next eight bits the blueness, and the remaining eight bits the transparency of the pixel.
We can think of an image as a function f. f: R2 R f (x, y) gives the intensity at position (x, y) Realistically, we expect the image only to be defined over a rectangle, with a finite range: f: [a,b]x[c,d] [0,1] A color image is just three functions pasted together. We can write this as a vector-valued function:
Image Steganography
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Images are the most popular cover objects used for steganography. In the domain of digital images many different image file formats exist, most of them for specific applications. For these different image file formats, different steganographic algorithms exist.
1) Least significant bit insertion (LSB) 2) Masking and filtering 3) Transform techniques
Image Steganography
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Transform Techniques
Transform techniques embed the message by modulating coefficients in a transform domain, such as the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) used in JPEG compression, Discrete Fourier Transform, or Wavelet Transform. These methods hide messages in significant areas of the cover-image, which make them more robust to attack. Transformations can be applied over the entire image, to block through out the image, or other variants
Image Steganography
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Image Compression
In images there are two types of compression: lossy and lossless. Both methods save storage space, but the procedures that they implement differ. Lossy compression creates smaller files by discarding excess image data from the original image. It removes details that are too small for the human eye to differentiate, resulting in close approximations of the original image, although not an exact duplicate. An example of an image format that uses this compression technique is JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group). Lossless compression, on the other hand, never removes any information from the original image, but instead represents data in mathematical formulas. The original images integrity is maintained and the decompressed image output is bitby-bit identical to the original image input. The most popular image formats that use lossless compression is GIF (Graphical Interchange Format) and 8-bit BMP (a Microsoft Windows bitmap file). Compression plays a very important role in choosing which steganographic algorithm to use. Lossy compression techniques result in smaller image file sizes, but it increases the possibility that the embedded message may be partly lost due to the fact that excess image data will be removed. Lossless compression though, keeps the original digital image intact without the chance of lost, although it does not compress the image to such a small file size. Different steganographic algorithms have been developed for both of these compression types and will be explained in the following sections.
Image Steganography
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Future Work
As this project is get done only on introductory level, so lots of further work required to complete this project titled as Image Steganography (A technique to hide information within image file) I decided to follow particularly Least significant bit insertion (LSB) approach in order
Image Steganography
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