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1 Table of content In t r o d u c t io n Part one : the pessimistic aspects of Ayi kweir Armahs novel 1.The little 2.Themes 3.Characterization 4.Narrative structure. Part two :

The aesthetic featuresof Armahs pessimism 1.Language 2.Symbolism and imagery -Symbolism-Imagery-Satire

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2 Introduction frican writers have an enduring propensity for social and politicalcommitment. Their texts mostly reflect and refract the socio-politicalevents in their societies. Initially, African literature was a tool for celebrating theheroic grandeur of the African literature in African nations.That is why African literature is always chained to the experiences of the people of the continent. Ayi kwei Armah is not an exception since he represents atypical African writer completely devoted to his sacred mission as an intellectualand as a writer with enough gift and experience that allowed him to enrich theliterary African scene with great works like : Why Are We So Blessed , TwoThousand Seasons and of course, his most outstandingly admired first novel TheBeautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born. Ayi Kewei Armahs The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born (1968) is agenerally pessimistic novel describing the aftermath of the birth of the nationGhana in March 1957 after years of struggle for independence led by Kwame Nkrumah.This work was in part motivated by the authors disappointment with the suddencollapse of the socialist democratic ideal.In this paper, an

attempt is to be made to shed light on Armahs novel TheBeautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born ; and more precisely the all pervasive pessimism that seems to be the most artistically and psychologically determining inthe writers attitude towards the social and the political scene of post independentGhana. A

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3 By pessimism, we mean the frustrating feeling that most readers go throughwhen sincerely and inevitably internalizing the scene of pity, hopelessness andsympathy often associated with another frustrating feeling of belonging to thesame social and political context. Therefore we shall attempt to limit ourselves tothe main elements of literary and social analysis. The first element deals with the pessimistic aspects of Armahs novel, these aspects include the little, the themes,characterization and the narrative techniques. The second element will be anattempt to approach the aestheticfeatures of Armahs novel in order to see how pessimism is aesthetically achieved, these features are the language, symbolism andimagery and satire. And as we shall see throughthis research paper, the twoelements combined provide us with an overview of the pessimistic vision inArmahs novel .

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4 Part one: The pessimistic aspects of AyiKwei armahs novel

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5 1-The title : In the Beautiful Ones Are Not Yet Born , the title, as an important elementof Ayi Kwei Armahs novel, provides an intriguing set of artistic and socio- political implications. These implications acquire more importance when the novelis interpreted in its historical and social context, and in its literary achievements asone of the most interesting African novels.The meaning of the little finds its roots in the last three paragraphs of thelast chapter when the reader witnesses the last of Ayi Kwei Armahs scenes of disillusionment, failure anddespair. A scene where Ghana is shown to have missedanother chance of being free, unharmed by the manipulators of the dirty game of politics, the protagonists of post-independence Ghana : who were to lead us out of our despair 1 The tiles words were not even taken but just borrowed from the bus behindwhich : the green point was brightenedwith an inscription carefullylettered to form and oval shape.THE BEAUTYFUL ONESARE NOT YET BORN

2 Borrowed and not even taken because the bus was not to stop there but tocontinue its cursed trip. Taken as it is with the spelling mistake, the tittle was notto be ashamed of for the Ghanaian people and more specifically for the person whowrote it;An example of all those who made out what was going on but had no realsolution except a comment written behind the bus.

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Ismail Saeed HI every one i want to download this beatifull book so i need the link please give me on the email ismailkamal2009@gmail.com reply04 / 19 / 2012

Thapelo James what exatly made the wrigte to write this novel.......???? reply02 / 27 / 2012

Zinglish Formusus Fidei is there any one who has more i need more analysis plz reply12 / 18 / 2011

Souad Benchaabane thx so uch very interesting

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09 / 25 / 2010This doucment made it onto the Rising List!

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tatyamus i guess u had a look but i also guess u said nothing

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The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born by Ayi Kwei armah

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Having trouble downloading? Try again. (function(window,document,location,setTimeout,decodeURIComponent,encodeURICompo nent){varo global=this;var _channelId=0;var emptyFn=Function.prototype;var reURI=/^(http.?:\/\/([^\/\s]+))/,reParent=/[\-\w]+\/\.\.\//,reDoubleSlash=/([^:] )\/\//g;varM CREATE_FRAME_USING_HTML=/msie [67]/.test(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase());function isHostMethod(object,property){var t=typeof object[property];return t== function ||(!!(t== object &&object[property]))||t== unknown ;} function isHostObject(object,property){return!!(typeof(object[property])== object &&objec t[property]);} var on=(function(){if(isHostMethod(window,"addEventListener")){return function(target,type,listener){target.addEventListener(type,listener,false);};} else{return function(object,sEvent,fpNotify){object.attachEvent("on"+sEvent,fpNotify);};}}() );var2 un=(function(){if(isHostMethod(window,"removeEventListener")){return function(target,type,listener,useCapture){target.removeEventListener(type,listen er,useCapture);};} else{return function(object,sEvent,fpNotify){object.detachEvent("on"+sEvent,fpNotify);};}}() );functione getDomainName(url){return url.match(reURI)[2];} function getLocation(url){return url.match(reURI)[1];} function resolveUrl(url){url=url.replace(reDoubleSlash,"$1/");if(!url.match(/^(http||http s):\/\//)){var] path=(url.substring(0,1)==="/")?"":location.pathname;if(path.substring(path.leng th-1)!=="/"){path=path.substring(0,path.lastIndexOf("/")+1);} url=location.protocol+"//"+location.host+path+url;} while(reParent.test(url)){url=url.replace(reParent,"");} return url;} function appendQueryParameters(url,parameters){var hash="",indexOf=url.indexOf("#");if(indexOf!==-1){hash=url.substring(indexOf);ur l=url.substring(0,indexOf);} var q=[];for(var key in parameters){if(parameters.hasOwnProperty(key)){q.push(key+"="+parameters[key]);} } return url+((url.indexOf("?")===-1)?"?":"&")+q.join("&")+hash;} var _query=(function(){var query={},pair,search=location.search.substring(1).split("&"),i=search.length;whi le(i--){pair=search[i].split("=");query[pair[0]]=pair[1];} return query;}());function undef(v){return typeof v==="undefined";} function getJSON(){var cached={};var obj={a:[1,2,3]},json="{\"a\":[1,2,3]}";if(JSON&&typeof JSON.stringify==="function"&&JSON.stringify(obj).replace((/\s/g),"")===json){ret urni JSON;} if(Object.toJSON){if(Object.toJSON(obj).replace((/\s/g),"")===json){cached.stri ngify=Object.toJSON;}} if(typeof String.prototype.evalJSON==="function"){obj=json.evalJSON();if(obj.a&&obj.a.leng th===3&&obj.a[2]===3){cached.parse=function(str){returnu str.evalJSON();};}} if(cached.stringify&&cached.parse){getJSON=function(){return cached;};return cached;} return null;} function apply(destination,source,noOverwrite){var member;for(var prop in source){if(source.hasOwnProperty(prop)){if(prop in destination){member=source[prop];if(typeof

member==="object"){apply(destination[prop],member,noOverwrite);} else if(!noOverwrite){destination[prop]=source[prop];}} else{destination[prop]=source[prop];}}} return destination;} function createFrame(config){var frame;if(config.props.name&&CREATE_FRAME_USING_HTML){frame=document.createElemen t("<iframe" name=\""+config.props.name+"\"/>");} else{frame=document.createElement("IFRAME");} apply(frame,config.props);frame.id=frame.name;if(config.onLoad){frame.loadFn=fu nction(){config.onLoad(frame.contentWindow);};on(frame,"load",frame.loadFn);} if(config.container){frame.border=frame.frameBorder=0;config.container.appendCh ild(frame);} else{frame.style.position="absolute";frame.style.left="-2000px";frame.style.top ="0px";document.body.appendChild(frame);} return frame;} var getXhr=(function(){if(isHostMethod(window,"XMLHttpRequest")){return function(){return new XMLHttpRequest();};} else{var item=(function(){var list=["Microsoft","Msxml2","Msxml3"],i=list.length;while(i--){try{item=list[i]+" .XMLHTTP";vare obj=new ActiveXObject(item);return item;} catch(e){}}}());return function(){return new ActiveXObject(item);};}}());function ajax(config){apply(config,{method:"POST",headers:{"Content-Type":"application/xwww-form-urlencoded","X-Requested-With":"XMLHttpRequest"},success:emptyFn,error: function(msg){throwf new Error(msg);},data:{},type:"plain"},true);var req=getXhr(),q=[];req.open(config.method,config.url,true);for(var prop in config.headers){if(config.headers.hasOwnProperty(prop)){req.setRequestHeader(pro p,config.headers[prop]);}} req.onreadystatechange=function(){if(req.readyState==4){if(req.status>=200&&req .status<300){vara response=req.responseText;if(config.type==="json"){response=getJSON().parse(resp onse);} config.success(response);} else{config.error("An error occured. Status code: "+req.status);} req.onreadystatechange=null;delete req.onreadystatechange;}};for(var key in config.data){if(config.data.hasOwnProperty(key)){q.push(encodeURIComponent(key)+ "="+encodeURIComponent(config.data[key]));}} req.send(q.join("&"));} function prepareTransportStack(config){var protocol=config.protocol,stackEls;config.isHost=config.isHost||undef(_query.xdm_ p);if(!config.props){config.props={};} if(!config.isHost){config.channel=_query.xdm_c;config.secret=_query.xdm_s;confi g.remote=decodeURIComponent(_query.xdm_e);protocol=_query.xdm_p;} else{config.remote=resolveUrl(config.remote);config.channel=config.channel||"de fault"+_channelId++;config.secret=Math.random().toString(16).substring(2);if(und ef(protocol)){if(isHostMethod(window,"postMessage")){protocol="1";} else if(isHostMethod(window,"ActiveXObject")&&isHostMethod(window,"execScript")){prot ocol="3";} else if(config.remoteHelper){config.remoteHelper=resolveUrl(config.remoteHelper);prot ocol="2";} else{protocol="0";}}} switch(protocol){case"0":apply(config,{interval:300,delay:2000,useResize:true,u seParent:false,usePolling:false},true);if(config.isHost){if(!config.local){varp domain=location.protocol+"//"+location.host,images=document.body.getElementsByTa gName("img"),i=images.length,image;while(i--){image=images[i];if(image.src.subst ring(0,domain.length)===domain){config.local=image.src;break;}} if(!config.local){config.local=window;}} var parameters={xdm_c:config.channel,xdm_p:0};if(config.local===window){config.usePo lling=true;config.useParent=true;config.local=location.protocol+"//"+location.ho

st+location.pathname+location.search;parameters.xdm_e=encodeURIComponent(config. local);parameters.xdm_pa=1;} else{parameters.xdm_e=resolveUrl(config.local);} if(config.container){config.useResize=false;parameters.xdm_po=1;} config.remote=appendQueryParameters(config.remote,parameters);} else{apply(config,{channel:_query.xdm_c,remote:decodeURIComponent(_query.xdm_e) ,useParent:!undef(_query.xdm_pa),usePolling:!undef(_query.xdm_po),useResize:conf ig.useParent?false:config.useResize});} stackEls=[new easyXDM.stack.HashTransport(config),new easyXDM.stack.ReliableBehavior({timeout:((config.useResize?50:config.interval*1. 5)+(config.usePolling?config.interval*1.5:50))}),newa easyXDM.stack.QueueBehavior({encode:true,maxLength:4000-config.remote.length}),n ewe easyXDM.stack.VerifyBehavior({initiate:config.isHost})];break;case"1":stackEls=[ newp easyXDM.stack.PostMessageTransport(config),new easyXDM.stack.QueueBehavior()];break;case"2":stackEls=[new easyXDM.stack.NameTransport(config),new easyXDM.stack.QueueBehavior(),new easyXDM.stack.VerifyBehavior({initiate:config.isHost})];break;case"3":stackEls=[ new( easyXDM.stack.NixTransport(config),new easyXDM.stack.QueueBehavior()];break;} return stackEls;} function chainStack(stackElements){var stackEl,defaults={incoming:function(message,origin){this.up.incoming(message,ori gin);},outgoing:function(message,recipient){this.down.outgoing(message,recipient );},callback:function(success){this.up.callback(success);},init:function(){this. down.init();},destroy:function(){this.down.destroy();}};for(var: i=0,len=stackElements.length;i<len;i++){stackEl=stackElements[i];apply(stackEl,d efaults,true);if(i!==0){stackEl.down=stackElements[i-1];} if(i!==len-1){stackEl.up=stackElements[i+1];}} return stackEl;} global.easyXDM={version:"2.4.0.90",apply:apply,query:_query,ajax:ajax,getJSONOb ject:getJSON,stack:{}};easyXDM.DomHelper={on:on,un:un,requiresJSON:function(path ){if(!isHostObject(window,"JSON")){document.write( <scriptc type="text/javascript" src=" +path+ "></script> );}}};(function(){var _map={};easyXDM.Fn={set:function(name,fn){_map[name]=fn;},get:function(name,del) {vart fn=_map[name];if(del){delete _map[name];} return fn;}};}());easyXDM.Socket=function(config){var stack=chainStack(prepareTransportStack(config).concat([{incoming:function(messag e,origin){config.onMessage(message,origin);},callback:function(success){if(confi g.onReady){config.onReady(success);}}}])),recipient=getLocation(config.remote);t his.destroy=function(){stack.destroy();};this.postMessage=function(message){stac k.outgoing(message,recipient);};stack.init();};easyXDM.Rpc=function(config,jsonR pcConfig){if(jsonRpcConfig.local){for(vare method in jsonRpcConfig.local){if(jsonRpcConfig.local.hasOwnProperty(method)){var member=jsonRpcConfig.local[method];if(typeof member==="function"){jsonRpcConfig.local[method]={method:member};}}}} var stack=chainStack(prepareTransportStack(config).concat([new easyXDM.stack.RpcBehavior(this,jsonRpcConfig),{callback:function(success){if(con fig.onReady){config.onReady(success);}}}]));this.destroy=function(){stack.destro y();};stack.init();};easyXDM.stack.PostMessageTransport=function(config){var} pub,frame,callerWindow,targetOrigin;function _getOrigin(event){if(event.origin){return event.origin;} if(event.uri){return getLocation(event.uri);} if(event.domain){return location.protocol+"//"+event.domain;} throw"Unable to retrieve the origin of the event";} function _window_onMessage(event){var origin=_getOrigin(event);if(origin==targetOrigin&&event.data.substring(0,config. channel.length+1)==config.channel+"i "){pub.up.incoming(event.data.substring(config.channel.length+1),origin);}}

return(pub={outgoing:function(message,domain,fn){callerWindow.postMessage(confi g.channel+"b "+message,domain||targetOrigin);fn();},destroy:function(){un(window,"message",_w indow_onMessage);if(frame){callerWindow=null;frame.parentNode.removeChild(frame) ;frame=null;}},init:function(){targetOrigin=getLocation(config.remote);if(config .isHost){on(window,"message",function. waitForReady(event){if(event.data==config.channel+"-ready"){callerWindow=frame.c ontentWindow;un(window,"message",waitForReady);on(window,"message",_window_onMes sage);setTimeout(function(){pub.up.callback(true);},0);}});apply(config.props,{s rc:appendQueryParameters(config.remote,{xdm_e:location.protocol+"//"+location.ho st,xdm_c:config.channel,xdm_p:1})});frame=createFrame(config);} else{on(window,"message",_window_onMessage);callerWindow=window.parent;callerWi ndow.postMessage(config.channel+"-ready",targetOrigin);setTimeout(function(){pub .up.callback(true);},0);}}});};easyXDM.stack.NixTransport=function(config){varg pub,frame,send,targetOrigin,proxy;return(pub={outgoing:function(message,domain,f n){send(message);fn();},destroy:function(){proxy=null;if(frame){frame.parentNode .removeChild(frame);frame=null;}},init:function(){targetOrigin=getLocation(confi g.remote);if(config.isHost){try{if(!isHostMethod(window,"GetNixProxy")){window.e xecScript( Class) NixProxy\n + Private m_parent, m_child, m_Auth\n + \n + Public Sub SetParent(obj, auth)\n + If isEmpty(m_Auth) Then m_Auth = auth\n + SET m_parent = obj\n + End Sub\n + Public Sub SetChild(obj)\n + SET m_child = obj\n + m_parent.ready()\n + End Sub\n + \n + Public Sub SendToParent(data, auth)\n + If m_Auth = auth Then m_parent.send(CStr(data))\n + End Sub\n + Public Sub SendToChild(data, auth)\n + If m_Auth = auth Then m_child.send(CStr(data))\n + End Sub\n + End Class\n + Function GetNixProxy()\n + Set GetNixProxy = New NixProxy\n + End Function\n , vbscript );} proxy=GetNixProxy();proxy.SetParent({send:function(msg){pub.up.incoming(msg,tar getOrigin);},ready:function(){setTimeout(function(){pub.up.callback(true);},0);} },config.secret);send=function(msg){proxy.SendToChild(msg,config.secret);};} catch(e){throw new Error("Could not set up VBScript NixProxy:"+e.message);} apply(config.props,{src:appendQueryParameters(config.remote,{xdm_e:location.pro tocol+"//"+location.host,xdm_c:config.channel,xdm_s:config.secret,xdm_p:3})});fr ame=createFrame(config);frame.contentWindow.opener=proxy;} else{try{proxy=window.opener;} catch(e){throw new Error("Cannot access window.opener");} proxy.SetChild({send:function(msg){global.setTimeout(function(){pub.up.incoming (msg,targetOrigin);},0);}});send=function(msg){proxy.SendToParent(msg,config.sec ret);};setTimeout(function(){pub.up.callback(true);},0);}}});};easyXDM.stack.Nam eTransport=function(config){var pub;var isHost,callerWindow,remoteWindow,readyCount,callback,remoteOrigin,remoteUrl;func tionu _sendMessage(message){var url=config.remoteHelper+(isHost?("#_3"+encodeURIComponent(remoteUrl+"#"+config.c hannel)):("#_2"+config.channel));callerWindow.contentWindow.sendMessage(message, url);} function _onReady(){if(isHost){if(++readyCount===2||!isHost){pub.up.callback(true);}} else{_sendMessage("ready");pub.up.callback(true);}} function _onMessage(message){pub.up.incoming(message,remoteOrigin);} function _onLoad(){if(callback){setTimeout(function(){callback(true);},0);}} return(pub={outgoing:function(message,domain,fn){callback=fn;_sendMessage(messa ge);},destroy:function(){callerWindow.parentNode.removeChild(callerWindow);calle rWindow=null;if(isHost){remoteWindow.parentNode.removeChild(remoteWindow);remote Window=null;}},init:function(){isHost=config.isHost;readyCount=0;remoteOrigin=ge tLocation(config.remote);config.local=resolveUrl(config.local);if(isHost){easyXD M.Fn.set(config.channel,function(message){if(isHost&&message==="ready"){easyXDM. Fn.set(config.channel,_onMessage);_onReady();}});remoteUrl=appendQueryParameters

(config.remote,{xdm_e:config.local,xdm_c:config.channel,xdm_p:2});apply(config.p rops,{src:remoteUrl+ # +config.channel,name:config.channel});remoteWindow=create Frame(config);} else{config.remoteHelper=config.remote;easyXDM.Fn.set(config.channel,_onMessage );} callerWindow=createFrame({props:{src:config.local+"#_4"+config.channel},onLoad: function(){un(callerWindow,"load",callerWindow.loadFn);easyXDM.Fn.set(config.cha nnel+"_load",_onLoad);_onReady();}});}});};easyXDM.stack.HashTransport=function( config){var; pub;var me=this,isHost,_timer,pollInterval,_lastMsg,_msgNr,_listenerWindow,_callerWindow ;var; usePolling,useParent,useResize,_remoteOrigin;function _sendMessage(message){if(!_callerWindow){return;} var url=config.remote+"#"+(_msgNr++)+"_"+message;if(isHost||!useParent){_callerWindo w.contentWindow.location=url;if(useResize){_callerWindow.width=_callerWindow.wid th>75?50:100;}} else{_callerWindow.location=url;}} function _handleHash(hash){_lastMsg=hash;pub.up.incoming(_lastMsg.substring(_lastMsg.inde xOf("_")+1),_remoteOrigin);} function _onResize(){_handleHash(_listenerWindow.location.hash);} function _pollHash(){if(_listenerWindow.location.hash&&_listenerWindow.location.hash!=_la stMsg){_handleHash(_listenerWindow.location.hash);}} function _attachListeners(){if(usePolling){_timer=setInterval(_pollHash,pollInterval);} else{on(_listenerWindow,"resize",_onResize);}} return(pub={outgoing:function(message,domain){_sendMessage(message);},destroy:f unction(){if(usePolling){window.clearInterval(_timer);} else if(_listenerWindow){un(_listenerWindow,"resize",_pollHash);} if(isHost||!useParent){_callerWindow.parentNode.removeChild(_callerWindow);} _callerWindow=null;},init:function(){isHost=config.isHost;pollInterval=config.i nterval;_lastMsg="#"+config.channel;_msgNr=0;usePolling=config.usePolling;usePar ent=config.useParent;useResize=config.useResize;_remoteOrigin=getLocation(config .remote);if(!isHost&&useParent){_listenerWindow=window;_callerWindow=parent;_att achListeners();pub.up.callback(true);} else{apply(config,{props:{src:(isHost?config.remote:config.remote+"#"+config.ch annel),name:(isHost?"local_":"remote_")+config.channel},onLoad:(isHost&&useParen t||!isHost)?(function(){_listenerWindow=window;_attachListeners();pub.up.callbac k(true);}):null});_callerWindow=createFrame(config);if(isHost&&!useParent){vars tries=0,max=config.delay/50;(function getRef(){if(++tries>max){throw new Error("Unable to reference listenerwindow");} if(_listenerWindow){return;} try{_listenerWindow=_callerWindow.contentWindow.frames["remote_"+config.channel ];window.clearTimeout(_timer);_attachListeners();pub.up.callback(true);return;} catch(ex){setTimeout(getRef,50);}}());}}}});};easyXDM.stack.ReliableBehavior=fu nction(config){vara pub,timer,current,next,sendId=0,sendCount=0,maxTries=config.tries||5,timeout=con fig.timeout,receiveId=0,callback;return(pub={incoming:function(message,origin){v are indexOf=message.indexOf("_"),ack=parseInt(message.substring(0,indexOf),10),id;me ssage=message.substring(indexOf+1);indexOf=message.indexOf("_");id=parseInt(mess age.substring(0,indexOf),10);indexOf=message.indexOf("_");message=message.substr ing(indexOf+1);if(timer&&ack===sendId){window.clearTimeout(timer);timer=null;if( callback){setTimeout(function(){callback(true);},0);}} if(id!==0){if(id!==receiveId){receiveId=id;message=message.substring(id.length+ 1);pub.down.outgoing(id+"_0_ack",origin);setTimeout(function(){pub.up.incoming(m essage,origin);},config.timeout/2);} else{pub.down.outgoing(id+"_0_ack",origin);}}},outgoing:function(message,origin ,fn){callback=fn;sendCount=0;current={data:receiveId+"_"+(++sendId)+"_"+message, origin:origin};(function0 send(){timer=null;if(++sendCount>maxTries){if(callback){setTimeout(function(){ca

llback(false);},0);}} else{pub.down.outgoing(current.data,current.origin);timer=setTimeout(send,confi g.timeout);}}());},destroy:function(){if(timer){window.clearInterval(timer);} pub.down.destroy();}});};easyXDM.stack.QueueBehavior=function(config){var pub,queue=[],waiting=true,incoming="",destroying,maxLength=0;function dispatch(){if(waiting||queue.length===0||destroying){return;} waiting=true;var message=queue.shift();pub.down.outgoing(message.data,message.origin,function(suc cess){waiting=false;if(message.callback){setTimeout(function(){message.callback( success);},0);} dispatch();});} return(pub={init:function(){if(undef(config)){config={};} maxLength=config.maxLength?config.maxLength:0;pub.down.init();},callback:functi on(success){waiting=false;dispatch();pub.up.callback(success);},incoming:functio n(message,origin){var{ indexOf=message.indexOf("_"),seq=parseInt(message.substring(0,indexOf),10);incom ing+=message.substring(indexOf+1);if(seq===0){if(config.encode){incoming=decodeU RIComponent(incoming);} pub.up.incoming(incoming,origin);incoming="";}},outgoing:function(message,origi n,fn){if(config.encode){message=encodeURIComponent(message);} var fragments=[],fragment;if(maxLength){while(message.length!==0){fragment=message.s ubstring(0,maxLength);message=message.substring(fragment.length);fragments.push( fragment);}} else{fragments.push(message);} while((fragment=fragments.shift())){queue.push({data:fragments.length+"_"+fragm ent,origin:origin,callback:fragments.length===0?fn:null});} dispatch();},destroy:function(){destroying=true;pub.down.destroy();}});};easyXD M.stack.VerifyBehavior=function(config){var} pub,mySecret,theirSecret,verified=false;function startVerification(){mySecret=Math.random().toString(16).substring(2);pub.down.ou tgoing(mySecret);} return(pub={incoming:function(message,origin){var indexOf=message.indexOf("_");if(indexOf===-1){if(message===mySecret){pub.up.call back(true);} else if(!theirSecret){theirSecret=message;if(!config.initiate){startVerification();} pub.down.outgoing(message);}} else{if(message.substring(0,indexOf)===theirSecret){pub.up.incoming(message.sub string(indexOf+1),origin);}}},outgoing:function(message,origin,fn){pub.down.outg oing(mySecret+"_"+message,origin,fn);},callback:function(success){if(config.init iate){startVerification();}}});};easyXDM.stack.RpcBehavior=function(proxy,config ){varl pub,serializer=config.serializer||getJSON();var _callbackCounter=0,_callbacks={};function _send(data){data.jsonrpc="2.0";pub.down.outgoing(serializer.stringify(data));} function _createMethod(definition,method){var slice=Array.prototype.slice;return function(){var l=arguments.length,callback,message={method:method};if(l>0&&typeof arguments[l-1]==="function"){if(l>1&&typeof arguments[l-2]==="function"){callback={success:arguments[l-2],error:arguments[l1]};message.params=slice.call(arguments,0,l-2);} else{callback={success:arguments[l-1]};message.params=slice.call(arguments,0,l1);} _callbacks[""+(++_callbackCounter)]=callback;message.id=_callbackCounter;} else{message.params=slice.call(arguments,0);} _send(message);};} function _executeMethod(method,id,fn,params){if(!fn){if(id){_send({id:id,error:{code:-326 01,message:"Procedure" not found."}});} return;} var used=false,success,error;if(id){success=function(result){if(used){return;} used=true;_send({id:id,result:result});};error=function(message){if(used){retur n;}

used=true;_send({id:id,error:{code:-32099,message:"Application error: "+message}});};} else{success=error=emptyFn;} try{var result=fn.method.apply(fn.scope,params.concat([success,error]));if(!undef(result )){success(result);}} catch(ex1){error(ex1.message);}} return(pub={incoming:function(message,origin){var data=serializer.parse(message);if(data.method){if(config.handle){config.handle(d ata,_send);} else{_executeMethod(data.method,data.id,config.local[data.method],data.params); }} else{var callback=_callbacks[data.id];if(data.error){if(callback.error){callback.error(da ta.error);}} else if(callback.success){callback.success(data.result);} delete _callbacks[data.id];}},init:function(){if(config.remote){for(var method in config.remote){if(config.remote.hasOwnProperty(method)){proxy[method]=_createMet hod(config.remote[method],method);}}} pub.down.init();},destroy:function(){for(var method in config.remote){if(config.remote.hasOwnProperty(method)&&proxy.hasOwnProperty(met hod)){delete, proxy[method];}} pub.down.destroy();}});};})(window,document,location,window.setTimeout,decodeUR IComponent,encodeURIComponent);