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What is SWAT?
SWAT is a river basin scale hydrologic quantify the impact of land management complex watersheds. SWAT is a public domain model actively USDA Agricultural Research Service and Water Research Laboratory in SWAT is constantly being updated expanding the range of its utility. What is SWAT?
SWAT
Soil and Water Assessment Tool
Developed by USDA, from the 1980s today. Deterministic physically based model it models known physical processes Dynamic model differential equations are used (dt = 1 day) Predictive model
SWAT features
Physically based
Ungaged watersheds can be modeled Sensitivity to different input data can be quantified Uses readily available inputs Computationally efficient
Even for very large basins SWAT is a continuous time model
Needs basin-specific data on ...weather, soil properties, topography, vegetation, and land management practices... Benefits:
SWAT
MODEL OBJECTIVE Predict the effect of management decisions (Climate and vegetative changes, reservoir management, groundwater withdrawals, water transfer) on water, sediment, nutrient and pesticide yields on large, ungaged river basins. MODEL COMPONENTS: Weather, surface runoff, percolation, ET, transmission losses, pond & reservoir storage, crop growth & irrigation, groundwater flow, reach routing, nutrient & pesticide loading, water transfer
Watershed Hydrology
All SWAT calculations are based on watershed mass balance calculations (i.e. water in = water out). Watershed hydrology can be divided into 2 phases: 1. Land phase: processes = rainfall, evaporation, transpiration, infiltration, runoff,... 2. Routing phase: processes = water, sediment and pollution flow in river.
Weather Hydrology Land cover plant growth Erosion Nutrients (N, P) Pesticides Agricultural management
Advantages of SWAT
Daily Time Step SWAT was developed to predict the effects of various management scenarios on water quality, sediment yields and pollutant loadings from rural watersheds SWAT models can be built fairly easily using GIS interfaces
Disadvantages of SWAT
Sub-basins lack interior routing routines (i.e. All HRUs are connected) Cannot explicitly place a BMP into the model (except filter strips) Cannot account for transient nutrient loads
Download
http://swatmodel.tamu.edu/
System Requirements
The SWAT2005/ArcSWAT 1.0 Interface requires: Hardware: Personal computer using a Pentium IV processor or higher, which runs at 2 gigahertz or faster 1GB RAM minimum 500 MB free memory on the hard drive for minimal installation and up to 1.25 GB for a full installation (including sample datasets and US STATSGO data)
Elevation, Land cover, soil Rainfall, air temperature (Min and max), solar radiation, wind speed and relative humidity Stream flow, sediment and nutrient delivery data
(Topography Map)
Digital elevation model (DEM) The United States Geological Survey (USGS) DEM
to use USGS category codes when creating the map (or use a USGS land use/land cover map).
to select the SWAT land cover/plant type or urban code for each category to create a look up table that identifies the 4-letter SWAT code for the different categories of land cover/land use
Runoff, infiltration, sediment and anion exchange The user will import SWAT soil files or type the soil data into the User Soils database for each of the map categories prior to creating the project.
Rainfall, solar radiation, air temperature, humidity and wind speed Major input for hydrology, sediment and chemical transport ET Source: Weather station data from each island Each weather station location will be entered with the corresponding data
Table (.mdb)
MWSWAT
MapWindow Interface for Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)
Run X\Software\ dotnetfx.exe Run (double click) X\Software\ MapWindow46SR.exe to install MapWindow Run X\Software\ MWSWAT.exe to install MWSWAT Run X\Software\ SWATPlot.exe to install SWATPlot and SWATGraph. Run X\Software\SwatEditor\ Setup.exe to install the SWAT Editor.
MapWindow Interface
Double click
save
Setting up MapWindow
MWSWAT is a plug-in for the MapWindow
(www.mapwindow.org) GIS system. To start a project
Start MapWindow Use the Plug-ins menu and check the following o MWSWAT o Watershed Delineation o GIS Tools o Shapefile Editor
MWSWAT
Example1_landuses which relates values (integers) from our landuse map to SWAT landuse codes Example1_soils which relates values (integers) from our soil map to soil names Example1_weather which contains information about the weather stations we will use Example1_usersoil which contains data about our soils Some tmpnnnn and pcpnnnn tables with temperature and precipitation data for our weather stations
Watershed Delineation
click the folder button ,navigate to Tutorial\maps, select dem.asc, and click Open. click Process DEM.
Watershed Delineation
click
BaseDEM(dem20).asc
2. Network Delineation
HRU definition
HRUs
Sub-basins are actually divided further into Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs). An HRU is a polygon containing a unique combination of soil and land-use.
Soils layer
HRU layer
HRU definition
Lu.asc
Soil.asc
Lu Soil
click
Results
Results are daily time series of modeled parameters (values can be averaged over months, years or over the whole simulation period). Results are available for different spatial identities: HRUs, sub-basins, channel reaches.
Data
Graph
Animation
User soils
1.
2.
SWAT
CN SCS runoff Curve number AWC (available water capacity of soil layer) GW_REVAP shallow aquifer (revap) REVAPMN shallow aquifer shallow aquifer (revap) GWQMN shallow aquifer shallow aquifer Return flow
SWAT Calibration
User interface
SWAT-CUP
SWAT-CUP
: http://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/siam/software/swat/index_EN