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SWAT Model for Watershed Management

What is SWAT?
SWAT is a river basin scale hydrologic quantify the impact of land management complex watersheds. SWAT is a public domain model actively USDA Agricultural Research Service and Water Research Laboratory in SWAT is constantly being updated expanding the range of its utility. What is SWAT?

SWAT
Soil and Water Assessment Tool
Developed by USDA, from the 1980s today. Deterministic physically based model it models known physical processes Dynamic model differential equations are used (dt = 1 day) Predictive model

Basically, its a long-term hydrologic simulation model

SWAT features

Physically based

Ungaged watersheds can be modeled Sensitivity to different input data can be quantified Uses readily available inputs Computationally efficient
Even for very large basins SWAT is a continuous time model

Needs basin-specific data on ...weather, soil properties, topography, vegetation, and land management practices... Benefits:

GIS sets often already compiled by different agencies

Determines long-term impacts

SWAT
MODEL OBJECTIVE Predict the effect of management decisions (Climate and vegetative changes, reservoir management, groundwater withdrawals, water transfer) on water, sediment, nutrient and pesticide yields on large, ungaged river basins. MODEL COMPONENTS: Weather, surface runoff, percolation, ET, transmission losses, pond & reservoir storage, crop growth & irrigation, groundwater flow, reach routing, nutrient & pesticide loading, water transfer

Spatial Modeling in SWAT


SWAT is also a distributed model. It has been integrated into several GIS (ArcView, ArcInfo, Grass). Discretization scheme: sub-watersheds

Watershed Hydrology
All SWAT calculations are based on watershed mass balance calculations (i.e. water in = water out). Watershed hydrology can be divided into 2 phases: 1. Land phase: processes = rainfall, evaporation, transpiration, infiltration, runoff,... 2. Routing phase: processes = water, sediment and pollution flow in river.

Land Phase Modeling


For each HRU, SWAT models :

Weather Hydrology Land cover plant growth Erosion Nutrients (N, P) Pesticides Agricultural management

Routing Phase Modeling


SWAT models: Routing in main channel water, sediment, nutrients, pesticides Routing in reservoirs water balance, sediment, nutrients, pesticides

Advantages of SWAT
Daily Time Step SWAT was developed to predict the effects of various management scenarios on water quality, sediment yields and pollutant loadings from rural watersheds SWAT models can be built fairly easily using GIS interfaces

Disadvantages of SWAT
Sub-basins lack interior routing routines (i.e. All HRUs are connected) Cannot explicitly place a BMP into the model (except filter strips) Cannot account for transient nutrient loads

Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) Model Input

Download

http://swatmodel.tamu.edu/

System Requirements
The SWAT2005/ArcSWAT 1.0 Interface requires: Hardware: Personal computer using a Pentium IV processor or higher, which runs at 2 gigahertz or faster 1GB RAM minimum 500 MB free memory on the hard drive for minimal installation and up to 1.25 GB for a full installation (including sample datasets and US STATSGO data)

SWAT Model Input

INPUT DATA: Physical

Elevation, Land cover, soil Rainfall, air temperature (Min and max), solar radiation, wind speed and relative humidity Stream flow, sediment and nutrient delivery data

Weather Hydrological Non-point and point source pollution data

Fertilizer and pesticide application data Point source of pollution

SWAT Model Input: Elevation SWAT Model

INPUT DATA: DEM:

Contour, DEM (20m)/


/ The United States Geological Survey
(USGS)

Watershed delineation Stream network and confluences Entering point sources

(Topography Map)
Digital elevation model (DEM) The United States Geological Survey (USGS) DEM

SWAT Model Input: Land cover SWAT Model

INPUT DATA: Land cover

land cover/land use data


CN, mannings coefficient

land cover/land use map will need to be


reclassified into SWAT land cover/plant types.

SWAT Model Input: Land cover cont.

to use USGS category codes when creating the map (or use a USGS land use/land cover map).
to select the SWAT land cover/plant type or urban code for each category to create a look up table that identifies the 4-letter SWAT code for the different categories of land cover/land use

SWAT Model Input: Land cover cont.

(Land Use/Land Cover Map)


(Land Use/Land Cover, LULC) (Land Development Department) (LULC) (Overlay) (Soil Map layer) (Category) SWAT 1. (FRSD) 2. (AGRL) 3. (WATR) 4. (PAST) 5. (URBN)

SWAT Model Input: Soil

Runoff, infiltration, sediment and anion exchange The user will import SWAT soil files or type the soil data into the User Soils database for each of the map categories prior to creating the project.

CN condition II U.S. Department of Agriculture (1972)

SWAT Model Input: Weather

Rainfall, solar radiation, air temperature, humidity and wind speed Major input for hydrology, sediment and chemical transport ET Source: Weather station data from each island Each weather station location will be entered with the corresponding data

SWAT Model Input: Chemicals

Fertilizer and pesticide data


Large number of names of fertilizer and pesticide in the SWAT database New chemicals can be entered Allows if manure is used in the application

GIS grid theme (.asc)


DEM : The Digital Elevation Model GIS grid
Amask : LandUse : / GIS

Table (.mdb)

Soil : GIS grid

Input Data .asc

MWSWAT
MapWindow Interface for Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)

MapWindow Interface SWAT


Run X\Software\ dotnetfx.exe Run (double click) X\Software\ MapWindow46SR.exe to install MapWindow Run X\Software\ MWSWAT.exe to install MWSWAT Run X\Software\ SWATPlot.exe to install SWATPlot and SWATGraph. Run X\Software\SwatEditor\ Setup.exe to install the SWAT Editor.

MapWindow Interface
Double click

save

Setting up MapWindow
MWSWAT is a plug-in for the MapWindow
(www.mapwindow.org) GIS system. To start a project

Start MapWindow Use the Plug-ins menu and check the following o MWSWAT o Watershed Delineation o GIS Tools o Shapefile Editor

MWSWAT

project New Project


project save Existing Project

Adding tables to the project database


Access database ms1.mdb
Use File -> Get External Data -> Import, navigate to Tutorial\maps\ms1.mdb , click Import Click Select All and then OK to import the tables. File -> Exit the database.

Adding tables to the project database

Example1_landuses which relates values (integers) from our landuse map to SWAT landuse codes Example1_soils which relates values (integers) from our soil map to soil names Example1_weather which contains information about the weather stations we will use Example1_usersoil which contains data about our soils Some tmpnnnn and pcpnnnn tables with temperature and precipitation data for our weather stations

Watershed Delineation

click Delineate Watershed

click the folder button ,navigate to Tutorial\maps, select dem.asc, and click Open. click Process DEM.

Watershed Delineation

1. Setup and Preprocessing

2. Network Delineation. 3. Outlet Definition and Delineation Completion.

1. Setup and Preprocessing

check Use a Focusing Mask navigate bnd.asc, to Tutorial\maps, select

click

BaseDEM(dem20).asc

2. Network Delineation

3. Outlet Definition and Delineation Completion.


Use a Custom Outlets/Inlets Layer is checked
click Draw Outlets/Inlets

HRU definition

HRUs
Sub-basins are actually divided further into Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs). An HRU is a polygon containing a unique combination of soil and land-use.

Land Use layer

Soils layer

HRU layer

HRU definition

Lu.asc
Soil.asc

Lu Soil

click

Results
Results are daily time series of modeled parameters (values can be averaged over months, years or over the whole simulation period). Results are available for different spatial identities: HRUs, sub-basins, channel reaches.

Data

Graph

Animation

Edit SWAT Input

User soils


1.

2.

SWAT

CN SCS runoff Curve number AWC (available water capacity of soil layer) GW_REVAP shallow aquifer (revap) REVAPMN shallow aquifer shallow aquifer (revap) GWQMN shallow aquifer shallow aquifer Return flow

SWAT Calibration
User interface
SWAT-CUP

SWAT-CUP

: http://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/siam/software/swat/index_EN

SWAT-CUP is a computer program for calibration of SWAT models.


SWAT-CUP is a public domain program, and as such may be used and copied freely. The program links GLUE, ParaSol, SUFI2, and MCMC procedures to SWAT. It enables sensitivity analysis, calibration, validation, and uncertainty analysis of a SWAT model.

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