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BASiC DISTRIBUTIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE TABLES

AREAS

IN TAIL

OF

T'HE· NORMAL

DISTRIBUTION

Tne luncHon tabtl~ated is :1

OS;

~(u) when iJo (u} is the cumulaUve

'li.

lancia rdlsed Normal var~;able

Thus m - ~ {Ill)"", .,~-

J;;

distribution fu.[IcUon of a d u is tltep reba bHity that 11

e-lJJ/2

~ta.QdatdiSed Norrn( ...alx~. than ill value or U=

~ a r).'.~b"""Iooled at rood.", ";:n b. '~~I.r

d

~. . ..... •/

". '. ••....•.... . ..

1- ~(u)

o
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.. 4721
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,00 0.0 .5000' • 46Q2 · 4i2ftl

.38;21

.01 ..4960 .3763 .3409' .3050 ,2109 .2389 ..2090 ..18H .15'52

,02
.492:0

,03

• (1'5
, 484'0 , 4443

.06
, 4364 , 3594
,.

0'.1

O .. 2:

0.3

..4168

.4562

.4522 . 412 {II

0.4 0.5 0 ..6

0.'1

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1

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U. '9

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.

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1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

· 1'5l:17 .,1151.
· 090,8

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. nl·3·9 .. 11.314
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.. 1515 1292
it.

·4052' .. 36,69 3300 ·2.9 46 ' ·Z,Ul ·2::2.9:6 ·200 5 ·1736

,
i

, 4:404 .

48.0.1

4761 3,9''74 322,6

•. 40n

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3936
,. 3557

·3632:

·46,81 ·464 1 .. 4286 ·4247 •. 3897 .• 3859'

a,

,0'178
.0643 .0'52:6 .0Ui .0344 ,0274
..0016'9

1.5

1..6 l.'i

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• 065~5, ,'0537 .. 04136

.mUI'l'

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2.0 2:.1 2.2: 2.3 2:.4 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.9

.02.275 •.01'1.1315

,01390 · 010'72 ,00820 . .00I79a .0062][ .0046'5

,OO:J·4'7

.02222 .01'143 .01355 .0.1'044

':01700 .01321 ,01017 ..00'176, .00587 .00440 .00326 ,00240

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·1093 ·0918 ·07164 ·0630 "OBU ·04186 ·033 · ·02 1U! ·OH3.59 ·OUHl·7 ·00'9'90 00 7'55
1 1)2158
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, OQ!964 , 00'734

012 5,5

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3264
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3 U2
,..

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BASIC

D.tSrRI8U'J'IO~S

,A,ND

SlCNIFJCANCE

TA.BLBS

PERC E'NTAGE

POINT,S:

OF 'THE

t EU,8TR,lIBU'TIOiN

The value: is leI

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B'
Ii'

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o. rn
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3. l,B2

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3.70'1

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1

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12.924 8,610 6.869

1

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2. 3'0:5

1. 363
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2:.238

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2 761
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1. '53
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~ BASIC DlSTR.IBUTIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE ~

-

TABLES

P'lERCEHTA'GE

POINTS

OF

THE

:F DISTRIBUTION
PDIri,t 00 the 'f dl!Ur1imUoli ha"i:n,g '~'l ~gi'e-f!!I

Th,'Il '~iI.'hle 1c::I"lf~'[he ·"ahl'!~:s iP~,; 11'1' ...~ the HUlIlI pe'r'celi1:~e of d,Q-ffi til tli'le n'liImentoJ' br·iI,llkfl'led .. I!I'i'ld '~'2 deg'neB
!'~ ali'l~ 10'2'

of !fee~

,of f',"'II'~dllm. in the denomlli'l:iwr'. F OJ:, ~~.

V3 1,8 tab'll,la..tedi

FIo;rei'!i~h pal r 01.1' 'l'liJl~.e,fi ,td The lower perc.el!l~ag'l!' poblts

F lI-.tr;.
it."bI11ii'Z

for a

es

0 ,(liS. ,0.1D25. U ..0 ~, 0,. 00'1" the 0.025

valuesbemg

Qf' the' ,d~lit!"lb!llUof<l maybe'

obl.Une,d bom, tbe roelaUolI~~

~ ! IF O'.'''~~'''I
.~

e,g.

'F'.II<S;U,I

;;!.l/F
3 2iU.l '(864)

~-

05' BJ"1'1 'C 1~.ii5 'IJ!

.. O.3U

,j)

~\I\ !\l2

, "',i··.'
.~

1 Hi~.'4
{INS)

2 'UI9.5
tBOO~

4 224.6
(900) '562'1). ~!ldl '39.2) '911.1 9199.2

5
:2:30'.2 (922) 571M '5,7,64·' (39.3), 9~1 .•3 99'9.3, {;'!lin 1(14.9,1' 2B,,2 j 3·'. 6 0.2<11 (9'. 36:~ l'!;'.5 5.05
tl .. 1S}, HI.!'!?

'II
2:3'1.01 (93'0 51!'5'9

,'1' (tIU) 59128

,B 2311.11 t9151}
MIS].

1'0
ULII (969'i' 60'5!6, 605,6· (39.41) 99.4 99·9.4 0."19' 04.,4) 2'1'.2

12 243.11 (,!I7'7)i 'U08!

2,4, 2:49.0 (119'1') 623,5 6235" 139.5) 99.5 9!HI.,f)

110

236.8

254.3:
15366 6366· ~9.'5 (39.5) 919.5 999.5 6.53 (13.9) 12:3.5 5.63
(B. :UI) '2'6.1 (lOlB)

4(1:52
4053"'

(36. !j,) 98.5 998,.5 (1'1'.4) 34.1 16'1,. iI

ia s

5'000"
19.,0 ~39.0) 99.0 9119'.0

SO!O'I:I

5t~n !i4'04,·
U ..2 ~39. 2) 99.2 q99,2 9'.2,a: (lS,,4) '29.5

5'625

5S5,9·'

5.929.'
(3;'.4) i9.o11
6.119

59Bl"'
Hl'. c (3D •• lI)

a,un·
UI.4 '(39.4) 99.·~.

U.S

(39.3) 99.S, 119!9.:li 8.114 ('B.1) 2'7.'9 lUG

111.3

n'.4

HI.4

rs.s

009.4

3,

n.13

3111.8 ~4,e. '5

116. (Il'
6.94

9.55

(15.1 ) 131.1
'28.7 15.311

9.12

~41.~

.~32. 8

i:n.~
15,.0 49.6B

(H.ft), 2'1.'1

99.-1 999'.4 11.85 '(14..5),

]3.'0., II

9,99.4

2'1.'5

]29.2

(14.3) :U.l 128.3

8.74

ne.u
125.9
'2,6'.6

8.6,4

'\\

U2.'12)
21. '! 74.l4

'i,'ll

UO.6'5) JiB.O

61 ..25
5,'1'91 f8 .•43,) n.2:7'

i6.n
~2.06
5.41 ~7.16)

~,6.'l

~.9.fj18)

'6.59

53.44 (1',3·11) :U,09

U.rO

(9. GO) '5. HI

sr.u

1,5.:2
4.95

(9,20)

te.o1n

6.'09

!Eat53
{G.98)

'\\{i' .. OO

'6,04 ((U·S) :14,:8

'It.1I2'

:~.41.5,

fa. 8,4)

5.913

G.al.
(HI. 01.)

1.IJ. 16 41.18 6
'5.99'
(B. In)

97.12
S.U 10.92

33,.20', ,4.'76 (6. (0) 9.'I',S, 23.'1'0

(5. BII)

U.39'
4,53 ,(6.23) 9'.15 (5.52.) 7.B,5 1'1.210
3,(14 ~.'O5}

29.'15 ('5..99) B. '1"5 2D.8:0

(5. 3D}

lO.a'l' 28.8,3 (5.112)

41.88 (6.115)10.46 2B.16, (5.70) 11,1,6

2'1:, ss 9,]0 19.03 6.8,4

4.15 t'5.61!))

(8. 76~ 10.29'

418..05 4.74
(6.6:2)

(a. 'l'5) U.1t

47. 4~.
4.68,

5.9'1

,fBI. 5])

5.'l'll

13.9 45.n'
4. 5~i

U.S 4.4.05 4.3'5

(6.02) 23,"19

10.05 26.9!2 4.'06 ('S,.46) 18.41

(8. '52:) 9,691 2J6,.U (5.31)

~'l.9'9' (,4.6"1)

(6.2:8)
{I.4:!!

.
I

2'5.14

s.na

13.7,4 35.51
"

n.21f1

4.39

4.2B

4.:21

4.00

3.114 '7.n HI. '130

(4.,n) 6. ,OW' (5·. l2)

2~ .. OO

21. 92

5.'59 4.74 (8.~m (6.54) U.25 9'.'55 'l!.l. f),9 29.25

il__

4,35

4.U

3.971

':a'D.03 HI.'S 3.11'1 ,9"'19 7.19 ~5.5,2

B.n

'1•.8'1

'7.'12

:I.6''l' (4 •.OS) 11.. 89, 15.'1'5 :3.2.3 (~. 14,) '5.65 U,71D 2,93 (3.6'1') 9.H

13.45 !8,.n 4 .•011 '(5.42)

'1'..46 16.2! 3,69! (4,. S2,) 6.63 13.4,8 3.48 (4.48) 15.06,

~5.m
9.58

Hi. 02,
3.fi'O

(,4.99) 16.99!

3.'I'~ (4. '90)

(.~. 76)
6,,62
14.• 08

.'J.I64.

3.5'1

J.U

H.53 (4.4,3)

13.'n

Ic.n

!2:.7!
3,12
{:i.. liS)

II

25.41,
!I

1 [.26

(7.57)
5.1'2
('1'.21)

5.:12:

(6..06l'
6.65 18.49
(5. 'H)

4.46

1.59
l5.63 (S,OIH 6'.99' 13,.1l1i) '4. :8,3) J~. 55 3.'59 '(4.6,3) 6.2:2

4.26

tu
J.n

1.4,.39'

1.0~

N. liS} '6.37 12.86 (4.32)

~4. 5,3) 12..40 (,t.21)) S.. iU IO.G!9 (3,95) 5.20 '9.52

a. 44

6.1B

6.03 J 2. 05
3.23 1(4.10) 5.4'1'

H.M

1(4.,30} S.IU 3, ~4 (3.136) 5.25 !9'.61 2.96 1(3. '2>

3,.35

3,.20 (4 •.20.)

5,67 U ..19 3.07 (~.,B7) '91,5'1 2 •. !!II (3.62) 4.71

13,44 Z.79

UI.30

5.2B

4.96

22:.86
10

~O.S6
4,9,B

·B.02 116.39

U .• SIJ
(4.4'!')i

3.6·3 (4.72) 6.4~

3.37

9.29

n.n

n.13
3..22 (4 .. (7) 5.391

5.BII

'lO.3,'1

s.u

(3.61)

2.90

4:.'13
1l.'l2

2. 'H (3.33) 4. ;u

"1.81
:2.54

'6.9·4)
LO.04

4.10 ~.5.46) U.'91

3.98 ,(5,.26)! .
~3.:IiII

3.48

21.Q4 U
(6.72:) 9.65,

r.se

6.55

5.99 U.2:8 (4.211)

lli),!l5

3.33 (4.:U) 5 ..64 ]0.48 3.20 C4.04.) 5.3:2 9'.58 3•.11 (3.89)1 EI.891 . 3.0S '~3.7"n
4.8,!'!

3.1'

s.ss
V09

(3..85) 5,,06

:~.01 9.20 2.96,

:I.'N (3. Jll

8.74
2.85 (3. 53)
4.,.54 7"92 2.'1'5

4",85

4.33 ~.64
2.61

(3.0,8) 3.91 ~L 76 (2.88)

4 84 ..

3.36

19. (19 12 4.75 (6 ...55)' 9',33 18.6~ 4. a'" 01.40

'.21

u.56

S.6T

(3,. B8} 5!.,0'1 11.05

J.01 (3.n) 4.fl.B

8.86

(~.6,6) 4.74 B.35 2.85 (3,51) 4.50

2.410

'(3,43) 7.63,
2.'6,9 4.40

(l.In 4.02, 6.85, 2:5.1. (.3.02) 3,'1'8 '6.25 2.(2 (2.89) :U)II 5.78,

3.60

6.00 2.30 (2.72) 5.,42

,3.89 (5. Ill) 6,.93

12.91
3 .•111 ~4. 97~ 6.70 ~2. 3,1

3.411' (4.4'1') 5,.9!5 HI. ,80 (4. ~5) 5,~4 ~Ol.2l

3.216 '(4.12) 11'.63 .(01.00)

s.·n

5.06

(3.73-)
4.n,

3.00

8,38 2.'9'3 (3. SOl

:2.91 (3.61 )1 4,li4 8.0{l (3.n)

(,3.37)

1.71

i.3D "1.29 (3..25) ~..10 6 ..IW

2:.6,7

(3.28) ".16 7.00 2.60 1(3 ..15) 3 ..96 6.,52

9.36

3.n

3.18

2.l!a

g,.. ,O'l: ]'U12

un
9.0,7

8.35

4.62
7.86

4.U

:?i.n .'
0'\

(·3.39) <ji.30

2.11

(2.60) 4.• 97

2. 21

"i',:n

~.n

~ En:lli'~es.

marked! th~e; lTIuS'l.llbe• m\lHipU~iI by HIO

,-'..".,

ThiS t::l'b:~1!~51.al'::~1i F~n1 ',lble' V Q[f~eh'e,ii' &I Ya'tl~s: ,5itaUllnea~ T:allJtlJ!llforr B:lol",~,~;a~j.4.Fh::l.I1llllli~ll~and Medlc:;jJ r Res'l!<:rtf1Ch" pubUshe'd by QI.I:~(!r' ,ill B'Oli'd Lht, EdJn,bu ~ga\l, atilt! lDy pe:rrnlsl!llQl'I of i!fteoa!r!ihorll :lind ,publliE!h~'filiil and ~!lH:1 Jr(O(!'IIlTallJle 18 ol EI~om'~tr:ilca Tab]>I1'~1~C)li:' SHl,'~IGUcians. Volumle 1,~y pe,r-m:l1!slio!l'l Of thJe B:i.o:met:rika 'I~ilstees.