Itu Blg521e Aai Agents

BLG521E - Lecture 2
BLG521E Advanced Artificial Intelligence

Lecture 2: Intelligent Agents
Outline
Agents and Environments Rationality PEAS Environment Types Agent Types
Advanced Artificial Intelligence (BLG521E) @ Istanbul Technical University, Sanem Sariel, Fall 2007
Agents
Agents
Agents perceive their own actions
Effects?
Percept: the agent perceptual input Percept sequence: the complete history Action choices depend on the pecept sequence Agent function, abstract mathematical description Agent program implements the function
Advanced Artificial Intelligence (BLG521E) @ Istanbul Technical University, Sanem Sariel, Fall 2007 3 Advanced Artificial Intelligence (BLG521E) @ Istanbul Technical University, Sanem Sariel, Fall 2007 4
Vacuum-Cleaner World
A Vacuum-Cleaner Agent Function
What is the right way to fill out the table? What makes an agent good, bad or stupid?
Advanced Artificial Intelligence (BLG521E) @ Istanbul Technical University, Sanem Sariel, Fall 2007 5 Advanced Artificial Intelligence (BLG521E) @ Istanbul Technical University, Sanem Sariel, Fall 2007 6
BLG521E - Lecture 2
A Vacuum-Cleaner Agent Function
Rationality
A rational agent does the right thing What is rational at any given time depends on:
The performance measure that defines the p The agents prior knowledge of the The actions that the agent can perform The agents percept sequence to date
environment criterion of success
Rational Agent
For each possible percept sequence, a rational agent should select an action that is expected to maximize its performance measure, given the evidence provided by the percept sequence and whatever built-in knowledge the agent has. With a rational agent, what you ask is what you get
Advanced Artificial Intelligence (BLG521E) @ Istanbul Technical University, Sanem Sariel, Fall 2007 9
Further Dimensions in Rationality

Information gathering
exploration
Learning Autonomy With or without initial knowledge

Advanced Artificial Intelligence (BLG521E) @ Istanbul Technical University, Sanem Sariel, Fall 2007 10
Agents <--> Environments

Task environment forms the problem
The Nature of Environments

PEAS for task environments:
Rational agents are the solutions
The task environment affects the appropriate design of the agent
Performance measure Environment Actuators Sensors
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BLG521E - Lecture 2
Properties of Task Environments

Fully observable vs. Partially observable Deterministic vs. Stochastic
Properties of Task Environments

Discrete vs. Continous Single agent vs. Multiagent
strategic
Episodic vs. Sequential vs Static vs. Dynamic
competitive cooperative p
semidynamic
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Examples of Task Environments

Task Environment Crossword puzzle Chess with a clock Poker Backgammon Taxi driving Observable Deterministic Episodic Static Discrete Agents

Fully
Deterministic
Sequential
Static
Discrete
Single
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Fully
Deterministic
Sequential
Static
Discrete
Single
Fully
Deterministic
Sequential
Static
Discrete
Single
Fully
Strategic
Sequential
Semi
Discrete
Multi
Fully
Strategic
Sequential
Semi
Discrete
Multi
Partially
Stochastic
Sequential
Static
Discrete
Multi
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BLG521E - Lecture 2


Fully
Deterministic
Sequential
Static
Discrete
Single
Fully
Deterministic
Sequential
Static
Discrete
Single
Fully
Strategic
Sequential
Semi
Discrete
Multi
Fully
Strategic
Sequential
Semi
Discrete
Multi
Partially Fully
Stochastic Stochastic
Sequential Sequential
Static Static
Discrete Discrete
Multi Multi
Partially Fully Partially
Stochastic Stochastic Stochastic
Sequential Sequential Sequential
Static Static Dynamic
Discrete Discrete Continuous
Multi Multi Multi
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The Structure of Agents

The job of AI is to design the agent program Agent architecture Agent = Architecture + Program
Agent Types
Simple reflex agents Model-based reflex agents Goal-based reflex agents Utility-based Utility based agents All these agents can be converted into learning agents
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Simple Reflex Agents
Reflex Vacuum Agent Program
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BLG521E - Lecture 2
Simple-Reflex Agent Program
Model-based Reflex Agents
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Model-based Agent Program
Goal-Based Agents
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28
Utility-based Agents
Learning Agents
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Itu Blg521e Aai Agents

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BLG521E - Lecture 2

BLG521E Advanced Artificial Intelligence

A Vacuum-Cleaner Agent Function

A Vacuum-Cleaner Agent Function

Further Dimensions in Rationality

Learning Autonomy With or without initial knowledge

Agents <--> Environments

The Nature of Environments

Rational agents are the solutions

The task environment affects the appropriate design of the agent

Performance measure Environment Actuators Sensors

Properties of Task Environments

Properties of Task Environments

Episodic vs. Sequential vs Static vs. Dynamic

Examples of Task Environments

Examples of Task Environments

Examples of Task Environments

Examples of Task Environments

Examples of Task Environments

Examples of Task Environments

Partially Fully Partially

Stochastic Stochastic Stochastic

Sequential Sequential Sequential

Static Static Dynamic

Discrete Discrete Continuous

Multi Multi Multi

The Structure of Agents

Simple Reflex Agents

Reflex Vacuum Agent Program

Simple-Reflex Agent Program

Model-based Reflex Agents

Model-based Agent Program

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