chuyn khoa hc

nm hc 2007 - 2008

Hng dn lp tin thi cng theo phng php s ngang vi phn mm Microsoft Project
A. L do chn chuyn

Lp tin thi cng cng trnh xy dng theo phng php s ngang c p dng hu ht cho n mn hc, n tt nghip ca sinh vin v trn thc t hn 90% cng trnh xy dng Vit Nam u p dng phng php ny. Vi tnh cht ph thng nh vy n i hi c mt phn mm h tr gii quyt mt s vn sau: - D lp v d qun l; - M t mi quan h p ng c tnh cht c th ca ngnh xy dng (mi quan h gia cc cng vic, ti nguyn...); - Gim bt c khi lng tnh ton khi tnh cht cng vic tng t nhau; - D dng chnh sa nu c mt s yu t thay i trong qu trnh thi cng; - T tnh c mt s thng s do yu cu ca cng vic (biu nhn lc, tng nhn cng, tng thi gian thi cng cng trnh...); - p ng c tnh chuyn nghip ho ca cng ngh xy dng ng i. Phn mm Microsoft Project p ng c cc yu cu .
B. Phm vi, i tng v phng php nghin cu

* Phm vi: Ch xt vn qun l nhn lc trong qu trnh lp tin thi cng. * i tng: Cng trnh xy dng n v (dn dng v cng nghip). * Phng php: Nghin cu l thuyt kt hp vi thc t thi cng.
C. Ni dung ca chuyn

* Nghin cu tng quan v cc phng php lp tin thi cng. * Trnh t lp tin thi cng theo phng php s ngang. * S dng phn mm Microsoft Project trong qu trnh lp tin thi cng theo phng php s ngang.
Nguyn vn vin

chuyn khoa hc I. Tng quan

nm hc 2007 - 2008

1. Cc phng php lp tin thi cng Xy dng cng nh cc ngnh sn xut khc mun t c mc ch ra phi c mt k hoch c th. Trong k hoch phi xc nh c c th cc cng vic, trnh t cc cng vic, thi gian thc hin cc cng vic, ti nguyn s dng cho mi loi cng vic. Khi mt k hoch sn xut c gn lin vi trc thi gian c gi l k hoch lch hay tin . Khi xy dng mt cng trnh phi thc hin rt nhiu cc qu trnh xy lp lin quan cht ch vi nhau trong mt khng gian v thi gian xc nh vi ti nguyn c gii hn. Mc ch ca vic lp tin l thnh lp mt m hnh sn xut trong sp xp vic thc hin cc cng vic sao cho m bo xy dng cng trnh trong thi gian ngn nht, gi thnh h v cht lng cao. C nhiu phng php lp tin thi cng trnh nh lp tin theo phng php s ngang (SN - Cc cng vic c th hin bng cc nt ngang), s xin (SX - Cc cng vic c th hin bng cc ng xin), s mng (SM - Biu din mi quan h lgic gia cng vic v s kin CPM, c xy dng trn m hnh ton hc l l thuyt th). SM cho bit c cng vic no l chnh v cng vic no l ph (Hnh 1)

1 0 0 1 1 1

2 1 9 18 10

3 10 1 8 11

4 11 1 7 12

5 12 3 7 1 15

6 1 15

28 9 18 19 24 19

29 24 1 20 8

30 25 20

31 25 1 21 7

32 26 21

33 26 3 7 24

34 29

77 9 18 28 38 1 8 29

78 39 1 7 30

79 40 3 7 33

80 43

Hnh 1. Tin thi cng th hin theo s mng

SN d lp v d s dng (Hnh 2). SX th hin tin theo c khng gian ln thi gian (Hnh 3). Trong ba loi s trn loi SN vn c dng ph bin hn c.

Nguyn vn vin

chuyn khoa hc

nm hc 2007 - 2008

STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131
tng tin

Tn cng vic

Thi Khi gian lng 161 d 1d 20 d 1d 4d 1d 1d 6d 6d 1d 2d 1d 2d 1d 10 d 0d 2d 2d 2d 1d 5d 5d 1d 8d 2d 10 d 10 d 10 d 3d 10 d 0d 2d 2d 2d 1d 5d 5d 1d 8d 2d 10 d 10 d 10 d 3d 10 d 0d 2d 2d 2d 1d 5d 5d 1d 8d 2d 10 d 10 d 10 d 3d 10 d 0d 2d 2d 2d 1d 5d 5d 1d 8d 2d 10 d 10 d 10 d 3d 10 d 0d 2d 2d 2d 1d 5d 5d 1d 8d 3d 10 d 10 d 10 d 3d 12 d 0d 2d 2d 2d 1d 5d 5d 1d 8d 4d 6d 5d 6d 3d 10 d 0d 2d 2d 2d 1d 5d 5d 1d 8d 2d 6d 6d 6d 3d 11 d 0d 1d 5d 10 d 0d 17 d 22 d 7d 20 d 1d 0d

n v

nh mc

Nhu cu 20

Cng tc chun b Thi cng p cc o t bng my o t th cng p btng u cc btng lt mng, ging Gia cng lp dng ct thp i Gia cng lp dng cppha i, ging (75%) btng i ging Bo dng btng Tho d cppha i, ging (25%) Xy tng di ct thin nhin Lp t v tn nn Cng tc khc
Tng 1

Bt 7 u 18 21 24 27 30 2 21/10 NC[20] 21/10 22/10 11/11 15/11

11/07 8 11 14 17 20 23 26 29 2

12/07 8 11 14 17 20 23 26 29 1

1/08 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 3

2/08 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 1

3/08 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 3

61.71 100m 3.95 100m3 180.3 m3 9.65 m3 30.9 m3 36.25 Tn 5.175 100m2 164.85m3 5.175 100m2 41.78 m3 787 m3

12.5 4.75 0.6

772 1 ca 5.79

NC[40] NC[10] NC[25] NC[6] NC[25] NC[50] NC[24] NC[25] NC[2] NC[50] NC[40] NC[50] NC[20] 27/11 NC[21] NC[38] NC[15] NC[25] NC[36] NC[30] NC[20] NC[2] NC[30] NC[7] NC[17] NC[7] NC[13] NC[8] 7/12 NC[22] NC[38] NC[15] NC[25] NC[36] NC[30] NC[20] NC[2] NC[30] NC[7] NC[17] NC[7] NC[13] NC[8] 17/12 NC[22] NC[38] NC[15] NC[25] NC[36] NC[30] NC[20] NC[2] NC[30] NC[7] NC[17] NC[7] NC[13] NC[8] 27/12 NC[22] NC[38] NC[15] NC[25] NC[36] NC[30] NC[20] NC[2] NC[30] NC[7] NC[17] NC[7] NC[13] NC[20] 6/1 NC[24] NC[40] NC[15] NC[27] NC[38] NC[30] NC[20] NC[2] NC[20] NC[7] NC[17] NC[7] NC[13] NC[12] 16/1 NC[24] NC[40] NC[15] NC[27] NC[38] NC[30] NC[20] NC[2] NC[15] NC[11] NC[34] NC[11] NC[13] NC[20] 26/1 NC[24] NC[40] NC[15] NC[27] NC[38] NC[30] NC[20] NC[2] NC[30] NC[11] NC[28] NC[11] NC[13] NC[20] 11/2 NC[20] NC[24] NC[15] 3/3 NC[26] NC[15] NC[5] NC[8] NC[10] 29/3

0.56 100.97 12/11 1.03 31.83 16/11 8.34 302.32 17/11 28.71 148.57 17/11 25C/ 1ca 4 23/11 23/11

9.57 49.52 24/11 1.92 80.22 25/11 450m 2ca 27/11 11/11 27/11

Lp dng ct thp ct li Lp dng cppha ct li (75%) btng ct, li Tho d cppha ct, li (25%) GCLD cppha dm, sn, cu thang (75%) GCLD ct thp dm, sn, cu thang btng dm, sn, cu thang Bo dng btng dm, sn, cu thang Tho d cppha dm, sn, cu thang (25%) Xy tng chn Trt trong + trt trn Lp ca Lt gch Cng tc khc
Tng 2

4.87 Tn 2.663 100m2 18.544m3 2.663 100m2 7.374 100m2 10.297Tn 63.3 m3 7.374 100m2 32 m3 837.6 m2 172.16m2 429.55m2

8.48

41.3

28/11

28.71 76.45 28/11 3.49 64.72 29/11 9.57 25.2 1/12 24.38 179.74 2/12 14.63 150.65 2/12 20c/c 7/12 29/11 8.125 59.91 30/12 1.97 63.04 0.2 167.52 0.4 68.86 0.09 39.09 1/1 7/1 1/1 26/3 28/11 7/12

Lp dng ct thp ct li Lp dng cppha ct li (75%) btng ct, li Tho d cppha ct, li (25%) GCLD cppha dm, sn, cu thang (75%) GCLD ct thp dm, sn, cu thang btng dm, sn, cu thang Bo dng btng dm, sn, cu thang Tho d cppha dm, sn, cu thang (25%) Xy tng chn Trt trong + trt trn Lp ca Lt gch Cng tc khc
Tng 3

4.87 Tn 2.66 100m2 18.54 m3 2.63 100m2 7.37 100m2 10.3 Tn 63.3 m3 7.37 100m2 32 m3 837.6 m2 172.16m2 429.55m2

8.85

43.1

8/12 8/12 9/12 11/12

28.71 76.45 3.81 70.65 9.57 25.2

24.38 179.74 12/12 14.63 150.65 12/12 20c/c 8.125 59.91 1.97 63.04 0.4 68.86 17/12 9/12 9/1 11/1 11/1 23/3 8/12 17/12

0.2 167.52 17/1 0.09 39.09

Lp dng ct thp ct li Lp dng cppha ct li (75%) btng ct, li Tho d cppha ct, li (25%) GCLD cppha dm, sn, cu thang (75%) GCLD ct thp dm, sn, cu thang btng dm, sn, cu thang Bo dng btng dm, sn, cu thang Tho d cppha dm, sn, cu thang (25%) Xy tng chn Trt trong + trt trn Lp ca Lt gch Cng tc khc
Tng 4

4.87 Tn 2.66 100m2 18.54 m3 2.63 100m2 7.37 100m2 10.3 Tn 63.3 m3 7.37 100m2 32 m3 837.6 m2 172.16m2 429.55m2

8.85

43.1

18/12

28.71 76.45 18/12 3.81 70.65 19/12 9.57 25.2 21/12 24.38 179.74 22/12 14.63 150.65 22/12 20c/c 8.125 59.91 1.97 63.04 0.4 68.86 27/12 19/12 19/1 21/1 21/1 20/3 18/12 27/12

0.2 167.52 27/1 0.09 39.09

Lp dng ct thp ct li Lp dng cppha ct li (75%) btng ct, li Tho d cppha ct, li (25%) GCLD cppha dm, sn, cu thang (75%) GCLD ct thp dm, sn, cu thang btng dm, sn, cu thang Bo dng btng dm, sn, cu thang Tho d cppha dm, sn, cu thang (25%) Xy tng chn Trt trong + trt trn Lp ca Lt gch Cng tc khc
Tng 5

4.87 Tn 2.66 100m2 18.54 m3 2.63 100m2 7.37 100m2 10.3 Tn 63.3 m3 7.37 100m2 32 m3 837.6 m2 172.16m2 429.55m2

8.85

43.1

28/12

28.71 76.45 28/12 3.81 70.65 29/12 9.57 25.2 31/12 1/1 1/1 6/1 29/12 8.125 59.91 1.97 63.04 0.2 167.52 0.4 68.86 0.09 39.09 29/1 31/1 6/2 31/1 17/3 28/12 6/1 24.38 179.74 14.63 150.65 20c/c

Lp dng ct thp ct li Lp dng cppha ct li (75%) btng ct, li Tho d cppha ct, li (25%) GCLD cppha dm, sn, cu thang (75%) GCLD ct thp dm, sn, cu thang btng dm, sn, cu thang Bo dng btng dm, sn, cu thang Tho d cppha dm, sn, cu thang (25%) Xy tng chn Trt trong + trt trn Lp ca Lt gch Cng tc khc
Tng 6

4.87 Tn 2.66 100m2 18.54 m3 2.63 100m2 7.37 100m2 10.3 Tn 63.3 m3 7.37 100m2 32 m3 837.6 m2 172.16m2 429.55m2

9.74 47.43 30 4.19 10 79.89 77.7 26.33

7/1 7/1 8/1 10/1

25.13 185.27 11/1 14.63 150.65 11/1 20c/c 8.125 59.91 1.97 63.04 0.4 68.86 16/1 8/1 7/2 10/2 10/2 14/3 9/1 16/1

0.2 167.52 16/2 0.09 39.09

Lp dng ct thp ct li Lp dng cppha ct li (75%) btng ct, li Tho d cppha ct, li (25%) GCLD cppha dm, sn, cu thang (75%) GCLD ct thp dm, sn, cu thang btng dm, sn, cu thang Bo dng btng dm, sn, cu thang Tho d cppha dm, sn, cu thang (25%) Xy tng chn Trt trong + trt trn Lp ca Lt gch Cng tc khc
Tng 7

4.87 Tn 2.66 100m2 18.54 m3 2.63 100m2 7.37 100m2 10.3 Tn 63.3 m3 7.37 100m2 32 m3 837.6 m2 172.16m2 429.55m2

9.74 47.43 30 4.19 10 79.89 77.7 26.33

17/1 17/1 18/1 20/1

25.13 185.27 21/1 14.63 150.65 21/1 20c/c 8.125 59.91 1.97 63.04 0.4 68.86 26/1 18/1 16/2 20/2 20/2 11/3 29/1 26/1

0.2 167.52 26/2 0.09 39.09

Lp dng ct thp ct li Lp dng cppha ct li (75%) btng ct, li Tho d cppha ct, li (25%) GCLD cppha dm, sn, cu thang (75%) GCLD ct thp dm, sn, cu thang btng dm, sn, cu thang Bo dng btng dm, sn, cu thang Tho d cppha dm, sn, cu thang (25%) Xy tng chn Trt trong + trt trn Lp ca Lt gch Cng tc khc
Tng mi

4.87 Tn 2.66 100m2 18.54 m3 2.63 100m2 7.37 100m2 10.3 Tn 63.3 m3 7.37 100m2 32 m3 837.6 m2 172.16m2 429.55m2

9.74 47.43 30 4.19 10 79.89 77.7 26.33

27/1 27/1 28/1 30/1

25.13 185.27 31/1 14.63 150.65 31/1 20c/c 8.125 59.91 1.97 63.04 0.2 167.52 0.4 68.86 0.09 39.09 5/2 29/1 25/2 27/2 2/3 27/2 8/3 6/2 11/2

btng chng thm dy 4 cm Lt gch l nem Cng tc khc

hon thin

27.8 m3 697 m2

1.02 28.49

12/2 13/2 3/3

0.17 120.58 13/2

Trt ngoi ton b Sn trong, ngoi + trn Lp t thit b in nc Cng tc khc Thu dn v sinh bn giao cng trnh Kt thc

2121.3m2 7490.4m2

0.22 466.69 0.06 449.43

4/3 4/3 21/3 8/3 29/3 29/3

Hnh 2. Tin th hin theo s ngang

Nguyn vn vin

chuyn khoa hc
bng tin thi cng
5
phn on
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

nm hc 2007 - 2008
thi gian thi cng cng trnh
95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160

Cng tc chu n b (15x8)

my (17x2)

(5x3)

in nc (2x5) trt t ng ton b (37x3)

p tn m i (45x3)

th cn g (9x4)

ng lt m ng (6x4)

thp m ng (11x4)

khun (4x 4)

dng VK mng (15 x4)

ych i dn

lp c a (14x 6)

mi (5x3 ) dn+x g (45

o t HM bng

Xp ct (5x8 Lp ) ghp ct (43x 8)

bt ng mng

nhp 13 - 17

Tho d vn

Xy t ng

qut vi (11x2 )

Lp t HM

(5x3)

nn (3 9x5) nn (3 9x5) b tng tng nn (3 9x5) b

Thu dn v sinh (12x2) Thu dn v

(43x3)

lp gh

i dn (5x3 ) xp dn mi (5x3) cu lp dn+x g (45x3)

my (17x2)

Vn chuy

th cn g (9x4)

dng VK mng (15 x4)

ton b (37x3)

qut vi (11x2 )

i (45x3)

(6x4)

ng (41x6)

ng (11x4)

khun (4x 4)

b (15x8)

(10x4)

tng (2)

(14x6)

Xp ct (5x8 Lp ) ghp ct (43 x8)

bt ng mng

o t HM bng

bo d ng b

+ khuych

Cng tc chun

Tho d vn

nhp a - b

btng

sa HM

Xp DCT

Xy t

nc (2x5)

DCT (43x

p tn m

thp m

lp c a

i dn (5x3

Vn chuyn

p tn m i (45x3)

(45x3)

trt tng ton b (30x1)

dn+x g

b (15x8)

Xy tng (30x1)

+ khuych

lp ca (3x1)

nhp b - c

Cng tc chun

Lp gh

qut vi (3x1)

xp dn mi

cu lp

nc

Vn chuyn

my (17x2)

(5x3)

in

Lp gh p tn m i (45x3)

n + khu ych i dn

th cn g (9x4)

thp m ng (11x4)

mng (15 x4)

khun (4x 4)

t (5x8 ) ghp ct (43x 8)

mng (10 x4)

DCT (43x 3)

mi (5x3 ) dn+x g (45

mng (11x2)

Xy t ng (41x6)

(35 x8)

(5x3)

o t HM bng

trt t ng ton

(14x6)

qut vi (11x2

nhp c - d

btng lt

Xp DCT

xp dn

Tho d vn

lp ghp

cu lp

c (2 x5)

t HM

Xp c

dng VK

btng

sa HM

t ct

Vn chuy

lp c a

Lp

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160

70

nhn cng

Hnh 3. Tin thi cng th hin theo s xin

2. ngha v yu cu ca k hoch tin

2.1. ngha
- K hoch tin thi cng trnh n v l loi vn bn kinh t - k thut quan trng vn bn ny tp trung nhng vn then cht ca t chc sn xut nh trnh t trin khai cc cng tc v thi hn hon thnh chng, cc bin php k thut, t chc v an ton bt buc phi tun theo nhm m bo k thut, cht lng, tin v gi thnh thi cng. - Tin thi cng c duyt l vn bn mang tnh php l, mi hot ng phi phc tng nhng ni dung trong tin lp m bo cho qu trnh xy lp tin hnh lin tc nhp nhng theo ng th t v tin lp. - Tin thi cng gip ngi cn b ch o thi cng cng trnh mt cch t ch trong qu trnh iu hnh sn xut ti cng trng.

2.2. Yu cu ca tin thi cng

- S dng cc phng php thi cng lao ng khoa hc. - To iu kin tng nng sut lao ng, tit kim vt liu, khai thc trit cng sut my mc v thit b. - Trnh t thi cng hp l phng php thi cng hin i ph hp vi tnh cht v iu kin tng cng trnh c th. - Tp trung ng lc lng vo cc khu sn xut trng im.

in n

Lp

tng

nn (3 9x5)

b (37x3)

x3)

tng

sinh (12x2)

(5x3)

(2x5)

Thu dn v

lp ghp

trt t ng

t ct

Lp gh

in

Lp

sinh (12x2)

lt mng

5x8)

HM (4

(5x3)

3)

Thu dn v

p DCT

sa HM

Xp DCT

n + khu

bt

xp dn

Lp gh

t ct

cu lp

sinh (12x2)

(10x4)

x3)

(45x 8)

(41x6)

Nguyn vn vin

chuyn khoa hc

nm hc 2007 - 2008

- m bo s nhp nhng lin tc v n nh trong sut qu trnh sn xut.

2.3. Ni dung ca tin thi cng

Ni dung ca cng tc lp tin thi cng l n nh thi hn bt u v kt thc ca tng cng vic, sp xp th t trin khai cc cng vic theo mt trnh t c cu nht nh nhm ch o sn xut c lin tc nhp nhng, p ng cc yu cu v thi gian thi cng, cht lng cng trnh, an ton lao ng v gi thnh.
II. Trnh t lp tin thi cng cng trnh n v theo phng php s ngang

1. Nghin cu h s thit k v cc ti liu c lin quan

1.1. ngha
Nghin cu k h s thit k v cc ti liu c lin quan c th vch tin st vi iu kin c th ca cng trnh vi cc iu kin lin quan khc lm tng tnh hin thc ca k hoch sn xut.

1.2. Ni dung
- Bn v kin trc, kt cu, mng cng trnh. - Cc yu cu v thi hn thi cng. - Cc iu kin giao thng, nhn lc, vt t. - Cc iu kin a cht thu vn. - Cc iu kin v kh nng ca n v nhn thu. - Cc ti liu iu tra v kinh t nh nh mc, gi c XD... - Cc tiu chun nh mc, quy trnh quy phm k thut. - Nu thi gian lp k hoch ko di th cn b sung nhng thay i vo k hoch sn xut. - Quan st thc tin hin trng mt cch k cng. 2. Phn on, phn t thi cng v xc nh t hp cc cng tc

2.1. Mc ch
c th sp xp thi cng song song xen k nhp nhng n nh, to iu kin lun chuyn cc thit b thi cng lm tng nng sut lao ng.

2.2. Ni dung

Nguyn vn vin

chuyn khoa hc

nm hc 2007 - 2008

- on c chia theo mt bng ca cng trnh, nu on ln c th chia tip thnh cc phn on, v tr tch on thi cng thng ly ti khe co dn hoc khe ln ca cng trnh. - t thi cng thng c phn chia theo chiu cao (thng l 1 tng nh). i vi nh cao tng c th tham kho mt s hnh thc chia nh sau:
13 9 6 3 1
D

14 11 8 5 2
D

15 12 10 7 4
D

13 8 7 2 1
D

14 10 9 4 3
D

15 12 11 6 5
D

7 5 4 2 1
D

8 6 5 3 2
D

9 7 6 4 3
D

Hnh 4. Phn on v phn t thi cng cho nh cao tng

- Xc nh t hp cc cng tc: + Cc cng tc chun b. + Thi cng phn ngm v mng. + Thi cng xy lp kt cu chu lc thn nh. + Cc cng tc trn mi. + Cc cng tc trang tr hon thin. Tng t hp cng tc trn li phn ra thnh cc loi cng tc khc nhau... 3. Tnh khi lng cc cng tc

3.1. Mc ch
lm c s la chn gii php thi cng v s dng nhn lc hp l

3.2. Ni dung
- Cn c vo h s thit k tnh khi lng tng loi cng tc. - Cn c vo d ton cng trnh kim tra khi lng tnh ton. - n v tnh phi ph hp vi nh mc... Sau khi tnh ton phi tng hp cc khi lng vo bng. 4. La chn phng n thi cng

4.1. C s la chn phng n thi cng

- c im cng trnh, quy m cng trnh, thi gian thi cng yu cu.
Nguyn vn vin

chuyn khoa hc

nm hc 2007 - 2008

- Khi lng cng tc tnh. - Trnh nng lc ca n v thi cng - Cc kh nng cung cp thit b thi cng, in, nc... - Kh nng hp tc vi cc c s sn xut v cc n v xy dng trn a bn.

4.2. Ni dung
- La chn bin php k thut thi cng nh: phng n thi cng b tng c gii hay th cng, la chn bin php vn chuyn ln cao, la ch phng n cy chng vn khun, thi cng tng hm t di ln hay t trn xung... - La chn gii php t chc thi cng: nh thi cng tun t, song song hay dy chuyn, bin ch t i nh th no...

4.3. Mt s lu khi la chn gii php thi cng

- Khai thc trit trnh kinh nghim ca cn b v cng nhn gii. - Tn dng c gii ho ph hp vi iu kin cng trnh. - C gng trnh s ngng tr ca cc qu trnh sn xut. - Phi hp tt cc qu trnh xy dng v lp t thit b. - Tnh ton ch tiu kinh t k thut ca tng phng n quyt nh la chn phng n. 5. Tnh nhu cu v lao ng v xe my. Tnh ton thi gian thc hin cc qu trnh, xc nh trnh t v mi lin h gia cc qu trnh

5.1. Tnh nhu cu lao ng v xe my

- Sau khi lp bng cng vic v in khi lng cng vic cn c vo nh mc lao ng v gii php k thut tnh ra s cng lao ng v s ca my cn thit. - i vi cc cng tc vn vt v cc cng tc khng lng trc c th ly bng t 5-10% s cng thi cng ca mi qu trnh v gi tn l cng tc khc.

5.2. Tnh ton thi gian thc hin cc qu trnh

Sau khi tnh c nhu cu v nhn cng cn c vo iu kin thi cng v tnh cht cng vic v vic t chc sn xut tnh s ngy (thi gian hon thnh tng loi cng tc). Tuy nhin cn lu : - Nu lm ch ca kp s y nhanh tin thi cng nhng chi ph cho qun l in nc tn km, thi gian giao ca d b lng ph.
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- Lm ca kp dn n cng thng v vt liu, nhn lc v sc kho ca cc cn b cng nhn v cc qu trnh phc v. Cho nn ch b tr lm ca kp khi thc s cn thit hoc lm cng tc phc v cho ngy hm sau. - Nn b tr lm ca i vi cc my c cng sut ln (cng tc t, cng tc o).

5.3. Xc nh trnh t v mi lin h gia cc qu trnh cng tc

L mi quan h rng buc gia cc qu trnh vi nhau trn c s k thut xy dng. Thc hin ng trnh t nhm m bo: - Cht lng cng trnh. - n nh v bt bin dng cho cc b phn va mi thi cng xong. - An ton lao ng cho cc cng tc cng lm kt hp. Thng thng tin hnh theo cc nguyn tc sau: - Ngoi cng trng lm trc, trong cng trng lm sau (ba thng + mt bng: thng nc, thng in, thng ng, tin hnh san lp, gii to mt bng). - Ngoi nh lm trc trong nh lm sau (phi c y cc cng trnh phc v thi cng nh: in, cp thot nc, ng, kho bi ct cha nguyn vt liu, ln tri tm cho cng ngn). - Di mt t lm trc trn mt t lm sau, ch su lm trc ch nng lm su. - Cui ngun lm trc, u ngun lm sau. - Kt cu lm trc hon thin lm sau, kt cu t di ln, hon thin t trn xung. 6. Vch lch cng tc v v biu nhn lc

6.1. Lch cng tc

Cn c vo kt qu tnh ton bc 5 vch lch cng tc theo mu sau:
Ngy, thng, nm (vch bng nt ngang)

STT

Tn cng vic

Thi gian

n v

nh Khi Ca Cng mc lng my

1 2 3 4
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Khi vch lch cng tc cn phi c bit quan tm mt s vn : - Mc thi gian bt u v mc thi gian kt thc ca ton cng trnh. - Mc thi gian bt u kt thc ca t hp cng tc, tng cng tc. - Mi lin h k thut v t chc gia cc cng tc. Tin thi cng cng trnh n v c gi l tin thi cng cng trnh.

6.2. V biu nhn lc

- Cch v: cng dn theo phng ng v ghi tng s tnh t mc s 0. - Ni ng bao cc nh tung c th v c biu nhn lc. - Yu cu ca biu nhn lc: + Nhn lc phi c s dng hp l trong sut qu trnh a vo sn xut. + S cng nhn trong tng ngh khng nn bin ng vt qu 15% s cng nhn trung bnh ca ngh . + Biu nhn lc khng c tn ti nh cao ngn hn v trng su di hn.
S cng nhn

Amax nh cao ngn hn Sdu Trng su di hn Atb

Thi gian

Thi hn thi cng T

Biu nhn lc khng tt (tn ti nh cao ngn hn v trng su di hn)

Hnh 5. Biu nhn lc ca tin thi cng

- nh gi biu nhn lc:

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+ H s khng ng u v s dng cng nhn (K1):

K1 = Amax Atb

Amax S cng nhn cao nht trong thi k s dng. Atb S cng nhn trung bnh trong sut k s dng.
Atb = S T

S Tng s lao ng tnh bng ngy cng (chnh bng din tch biu nhn lc). T Thi hn thc hin tin thi cng. K1 cng tin ti 1 cng tt (K1 1.5 chp nhn c). + H s phn b lao ng khng u (K2):
K2 = Sd S

Sd Lng lao ng di ra so vi lng lao ng trung bnh. K2 cng tin ti 0 cng tt (K2 0.2 chp nhn c). 7. iu chnh k hoch tin Khi lp xong tin c th pht hin ra bt hp l nh: thi hn thi cng vt qu quy nh, s dng ti nguyn vt qu gii hn cho php, xut hin s bt hp l ca mt s ch tiu kinh t k thut th phi iu chnh k hoch tin . * iu chnh v thi gian: Tm bin php rt ngn thi hn thc hin cc qu trnh ch o bng 2 phng php ch yu: - Thay i bin php k thut thi cng: + Thay i phng n kt cu (thi cng lp ghp thay cho thi cng ton khi...) + Thay th lao ng th cng bng c gii. + S dng ph gia... - Thay i bin php t chc thi cng: + Tng cng nhn lc my mc. + Chia li on, t thi cng sp xp thi cng xen k mc ti a ca cc qu trnh. + Tng ca, kp khi mt trn cng tc hn ch.
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* iu chnh v ti nguyn: Tr hon hay ko di thi gian ca mt s cng vic m khng nh hng n thi hn thi cng.
III. S dng phn mm Microsoft Project trong qu trnh lp tin thi cng theo phng php s ngang

1. Khi nim Microsoft Project l chng trnh phn mm chuyn lp v qun l tin dng cho my tnh in t h Windows. Cho n nay, chng trnh ny l chng trnh phc v cho vic lp k hoch tin v iu khin tin c hiu qu bc nht. C th chia thi gian lm hai giai on: - Giai on lp k hoch, chng trnh gip ta: + Lp k hoch sn xut + Ln lch cng tc cho cc kiu chia thi gian: gi, ngy, tun l, thng, qu, nm... + Ch nh cc dng ti nguyn v chi ph cho tng vic v tng hp thnh s . + Chun b bo biu thng bo k hoch tc nghip n nhng ngi cn bit bn k hoch. - Giai on thc hin tin , chng trnh ny gip ta: + Gim st vic thi hnh thc t. + D liu cc tc ng n d n khi xy ra nhng s kin ngu nhin lm nh hng n qu trnh thc hin d n. Kim tra v iu chnh d n i ph vi cc bin ng ngu nhin. + Lp cc bo biu sau cng v kt qu ca d n. Tuy nhin, Microsoft Project ch l mt cng c ngi qun l d n s dng, n khng thay th chng ta qun l d n cng nh thc hin cc cng vic sau: - Microsoft Project khng th to ra cc cng vic, khng bit d n ca chng ta bao gm nhng cng vic g (mi mt d n khc nhau s c nhng cng vic khc nhau). - Microsoft Project khng th to ra cc quan h lgic gia cc cng vic (khng bit cng vic no trin khai trc, cng vic no trin khai sau, cng vic no lin quan n cng vic no).
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- Microsoft Project khng bit c thi hn thc hin ca mi cng vic (khng bit khi no th d n khi cng, khi no th d n hon thnh, mi cng vic ca d n thi cng trong thi gian bao lu). - Microsoft Project khng c kh nng bit ti nguyn g cn gn cho mi cng vic (khng bit mi loi cng vic s tiu tn loi ti nguyn g) Nhng vic trn l vic ca ngi lp k hoch phi lm trc khi xy dng tin . xc lp c cc vic nu trn ph thuc vo bin php k thut sn xut do k s lp ra. 2. Nhng Menu chnh trong Microsoft Project * Menu File c nhng ni dung sau: New: to d n mi Open: M mt d n c. Close: ng d n ang m. Save: lu nhng ni dung ang tin hnh vi d n ang lm vic. Save as: lu d n ang m di mt tn mi. Save as Web Page: lu d n ang lm vic di dng tp tin *.html. Save Worspace: lu d n ang lm vic di dng tp tin *.mpw. Search: h tr tm kim. Page setup: nh dng in n. Print: in kt qu. Sent to: gi d n ang lm vic n ni nhn tip theo. Properties: hin th cc c im ca d n ang lm vic. Exit: thot khi chng trnh. * Menu Edit c nhng ni dung: Nhng ni dung thng thng c trong Microsoft Office nh Cut cell, Copy cell, Copy picture, Paste, Paste special, Fill, Clear, Find, Replace, Go to, Object cch s dng ging nh s dng bt k chng trnh Microsoft Word no bit. Vi chng trnh Microsoft Project th trong Menu ny thm cc ni dung v s dng nh sau: Delete task: xo i mt cng vic. Link tasks: to mi quan h gia cc cng tc c chn. Unlink tasks: hu mi lin h gia cc cng vic xc lp.
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Split task: phn chia cng tc chn thnh cc on thc hin trong cc thi gian khc nhau. * Menu View c nhng ni dung: Calendar: Bn tin s c trnh by di dng lch cng tc. Gantt chart: tin trnh by theo s ngang. Network Diagram: tin trnh by di dng s mng MPM. Task Usage: th hin s lng ti nguyn s dng ca tng cng vic v s ngang th hin s phn b ti nguyn theo thi gian. Ta thng gi l biu yu cu ti nguyn. Tracking Gantt: tin thc hin ca cc cng vic th hin theo s ngang. M ni dung ny chnh l. Resource Graph: biu ti nguyn v cho tng loi ti nguyn. Resource Sheet: bng cc ti nguyn lit k di dng bng. Resurce Usage: bng phn b thi gian s dng ti nguyn theo lch. More View: cc dng bng khc m chng trnh c th lm xut hin trn mn hnh ngay theo mun ca ngi ang s dng my tnh. Table: cc dng bng c th th hin . Th d chn bng s (Schedule table), bng cho cng vic, thi im bt u, kt thc, khi mun, kt thc mun, d tr thi gian ring, d tr thi gian chung v lch tin . Report: cc dng bo co chng trnh c th thc hin nh bo co chung tnh hnh thc hin n thi im no , chi ph n thi im no ... Toolbars: th hin trn mn hnh kiu thanh cng c m ngi s dng thy mun. View Bar: cch th hin bn tin trn mn hnh. Header and Footer: nhp ni dung phn trnh by trang nh l, u trang, cui trang, ghi ch... Zoom: mun th hin trn mn hnh theo khong thi gian no theo di. * Menu Insert c nhng ni dung: New Task: chn mt cng vic mi vo bn tin ang lm vic. Recurring Task: Chn vo bn tin mt cng vic xut hin theo chu k.
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Project: chn thm mt d n c vo bn k hoch. Column: chn thm ct mi vo bn k hoch Drawing: v hnh vo s ngang. Object: chn thm khi lng ca chng trnh khc vo s ngang. Hyperlink: to lin kt m rng gia cng vic vi tp tin hoc cc Website khc. * Menu Format c ni dung: Font: phng ch. Bar: hnh dng ca thanh ngang vch bn lch. Timescale: chn cch chia lch. Th hin ngy lm vic v ngy khng lm vic. Gridline: nt k dng v k ct bn lch ca biu mu. Gantt Chart Wizard: kiu trnh by s ngang. Text Styles: kiu phng cc ch vit trong biu mu. Bar Styles: cch th hin cc nt ngang bn lch. Detail: chi tit cn gii trnh thm. Layout: cch th hin cc ng ni gia cc cng vic. Drawing: ci thm hnh v. * Menu Tools c cc ni dung: Workgroup: cng c h tr lm vic theo nhm. Links Between Projects: to mi lin h vi cc d n khc. Change Working Time: thay i lch lm vic. Resource: nhp ti nguyn s dng. Resource Leveling: t ra mc ti nguyn s dng. Tracking: cng c h tr cc thao tc cho vic theo di tin thc hin bn k hoch. Organizer: t chc giao din, h tr, lch, thanh cng c theo ngi s dng. Options: cch th hin, tnh ton, k hoch, quan st cho bn k hoch. Entreprise Options: cng c h tr lm vic theo nhm, t chc ni mng lm vic. * Menu Project c nhng ni dung:
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Sort, Filtered, Group: cng c h tr sp xp, lc hoc nhm cc cng tc theo mt tnh cht cn khai thc. Outline: phn cp v c cu phn chia cng vic. WBS: xc nh c cu phn chia cng vic. Task Information: nhng thng tin v cng vic. Task Notes: cc ghi ch cho cng vic. Project Information: nhng thng tin v d n, v bn k hoch. * Menu Collaborate c cc ni dung: Cc cng c h tr lm vic theo nhm, gia nhiu c nhn hay n v khc nhau trn mt bn k hoch. 3. T hp cc phm nng thng dng m ti liu mi Ctrl + O m ti liu c ghi (nh) ti liu vo a hin thi Ctrl + S ct ti liu Ctrl + X chp on vn bn c bi en Ctrl + C hi phc vn bn b xo nhm Ctrl + Z dn vn bn vo v tr con tr Ctrl + V cn l tri Ctrl + L cn l phi Ctrl + R cn l gia Ctrl + E cn u hai bn Ctrl + J in ti liu Ctrl + P chn phng ch Ctrl + D bi en ton b vn bn Ctrl + A nhy n trang s... (hoc nhn F5) Ctrl + G tng l on vn bn Ctrl + M Ctrl + Shift + M b tng l on vn bn tt - m ch m Ctrl + B tt - m ch nghing Ctrl + I tt - m ch gch chn Ctrl + U m ln ca s ti liu ra ton mn hnh Ctrl + F10 to khong cch n gia cc dng Ctrl + 1 to khong cch i gia cc dng Ctrl + 2
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Ctrl + 5 Ctrl + ] Ctrl + [ Ctrl + F4 Ctrl + Ctrl +Esc

Alt + F4 Alt + Z

to khong cch 1,5 dng gia cc dng phng to ch khi c bi en thu nh ch khi c bi en ng ti liu = Ctrl + w = Close ngt trang bt nt Start thot = Exit chuyn ch g ting Vit, ting Anh

4. Ch gii thut ng Trong khi s dng chng trnh qun l d n, nhng thut nh ting Anh sau y bn hy hiu l: Actual: Cc kha cnh ca d n thc s xy ra, i chi vi k hoch hay lch trnh hoc d n. N bao gm cc d liu ngy thng, thi khong, cng vic hoc chi ph c ghi nhn, cho cng tc hoc cho cng vic ca ti nguyn c thc hin trn cng tc. Base calendar (lch nn): l nin lch c dng nh lch c bn cho ton b d n hoc cho nhiu ti nguyn v n ch nh th gian lm vic cng nh khng lm vic. Nu bn khng can thip g th th by v ch nht l ngy ngh, c ngha l cc ngy d n cng khng vn hnh. Calendar (dng lch): l danh sch cc giai on m cng vic c th c ln lch trong . N gm c nhng ngy lm vic bnh thng trong mt tun l, gi lm vic bnh thng trong nhng ngy v mt danh sch nhng ngy gi khng lm vic, ngoi l i vi thi gian bnh thng. Cost (chi ph): l tng chi ph theo lch trnh ca mt cng tc, ti nguyn, s phn b ti nguyn hay d n. Bao gm Fixed cost (nh ph) v Resource cost (ph ti nguyn). Dependent task (cng tc ph thuc): l cng tc m ngy thng bt u v kt thc ca n phi c xc lp trng vi hoc c ni vi ngy thng bt u hay kt thc theo lch ca mtvi cng tc khc. Duration (thi khong): l s n v thi gian lm vic (pht, gi, ngy hay tun) gia lc bt u v kt thc ca mt cng tc hay nhm cng tc. S n v thi khong lm vic c xc nh bi lch nn hay lch ti nguyn m chng iu khin lch trnh ca cng tc .

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Elapsed duration (thi khong tri qua): l thi khong ng h thc s (khng phi l thi gian ca lch lm vic) m n tri qua t lc bt u n kt thc cng tc. Thi gian ny da theo mt ngy c 24 gi v mt tun c 7 ngy. Field (trng): l ni tp hp d liu trong mt bng hay mt biu mu, trong trng ny chng ta c th ghi tn cng tc hay ti nguyn vo . Gridlines: l nhng ng tch ring cc hng v ct trong bng hay dng thang thi gian. Cng c s dng nh du cc mc gi tr theo mt trc. Lag time (thi gian tr): l khong thi gian chm hn phi tun theo gia thi gian ca mt cng tc v ngy thng theo lch ca cng tc i trc n. Lead time (thi gian sm): l khong thi gian m cng tc ph thuc c th c sp xp chng lp hay i trc s bt u hoc kt thc ca cng tc. MAPI: Massaging Application Programming Interface l th tc ca Microsoft gi cc thng bo ca ngi s dng t trnh ng dng ny n trnh ng dng khc. PERT Chart hoc Network Diagram: l mt s mng li c dng trong qun l d n minh ho cc mi quan h ph thuc gia cc cng vic. Mi cng vic c tng trng bi mt hp (hay nt) v c ni bi ng thng n mi cng vic predecessor hay successor cho thy trnh t cc cng vic. Predecessor (cng vic trc ): y l thut ng khng ph hp lm, n m ch s i trc v thi gian, nhng trong d n th thut ng ny ch yu m t mi quan h ca cng vic i trc vi cng vic i sau. Mt cng vic c th c nhiu predecessor. Reschedule tasks: l mt lnh ca Microsoft Project bn c th dng khi mt phn cng vic c thc hin nhng phn cn li phi c sp xp lch li vo thi gian sau. Resource calendar (lch ti nguyn): l danh sch nhng ngy, gi lm vic ca mt ti nguyn. Danh sch ny c hnh thnh bng cch xc nh mt lch nn lm chun v nu ra tt c cc ngoi l i vi lch nn ny. Resource (ti nguyn): trong chng trnh Microsoft Project ti nguyn l mt khi nim chung nh: nhn cng, thit b, vt t cc loi, phng tin, 18 Nguyn vn vin

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nh cung cp... thc hin cng vic ca d n. Mi ti nguyn trong d n u c quyn bnh ng nh nhau ch khng th phn bit c loi no l chnh v loi na l ph. Subtask (cng vic ph): l mt cng vic b li v pha tri bn di cng vic tm lc. Successors (cng vic ni tip): l cng vic c bt u t cng vic i trc (Predecessor). Bn phi quan nim rng cng vic ny c th trng ngy thng vi cng vic i trc v cng ng cho rng Successor phi i sau Predecessor. Summary task (cng vic tm lc): l cng vic m chc nng duy nht ca n l cha ng v tm lc thi khong, cng vic v chi ph ca cc cng vic khc (c gi l cng tc ph). Task (cng vic): l mt vic hay thao tc thit yu phi c hon tt theo trnh t hon thnh d n. Milestones v Summary task l nhng loi cng vic c bit. Task view (dng quan st cng vic): l mt dng quan st d liu ca d n, c t chc quanh cc cng vic xc nh. Cc dng quan st cng vic chun gm c Calendar, Task Sheet, Task Form, GANTT Chart v PERT Chart. View (dng quan st): l phn trnh by trn mn hnh v d liu d n. Lnh View c dng chn phn trnh by hay dng quan st thch hp nht cho cng vic ca bn trn d n . Working time (thi gian lm vic): l nhng ngy v gi trn lch nn hay lch ti nguyn m c th ln lch trnh thc hin cng vic trn cc cng tc. 5. Cc thao tc c bn trong Microsoft Project khi lp tin thi cng cng trnh n v theo phng php s ngang Bc ny l bc 6 trong phn II Vch lch cng tc v v biu nhn lc v ch thc hin khi 5 bc trc hon thnh l cc bc: Bc 1: Nghin cu h s thit k v cc ti liu c lin quan. Bc 2: Phn on v phn t thi cng v xc nh t hp cc cng tc. Bc 3: Tnh khi lng cc cng tc. Bc 4: La chn phng n thi cng. 19

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Bc 5: Tnh nhu cu v lao ng v xe my. Tnh ton thi gian thc hin cc qu trnh, xc nh trnh t v mi lin h gia cc qu trnh. Bc 6: Lm vic vi phn mm Microsoft Project

5.1. Khi ng
* T Start menu ca Windows Programs Microsoft Project * Nhp p (double click) ln Icon ca Microsoft Project trn mn hnh nn ca Windows.

Nhp p

Giao din ban u ca chng trnh nh sau

Biu dng Gantt Chart

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Hng u tin ca chng trnh bo tn d n ang lm vic (mc nh l Project 1). Hng th hai l h thng Menu chnh ca chng trnh. Chng trnh s lm vic ngay vi biu dng Gantt Chart Giao din ca Gantt Chart gm hai phn: Phn 1: Bn tri ca giao din Bn ct Phn 2: Bn phi ca giao din Bn vch tin Mt tin c lp theo phng php s ngang c th hin nh sau:

Phn bn ct

Phn bn vch tin

5.2. To lp cc ct
- Ct th t (STT) thuc trng (ID). to lp ct ny ta lm theo cc bc sau:

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Sau hin ln bng v la chn nh trn hnh

Mi mt cng tc c gn vi mt s th t c th, mi lin h gia cc cng tc v sau c lin h qua s th t ny. - To ct (Tn cng vic) thuc trng Name to lp ct ny ta lm theo cc bc sau:

Sau hin ln bng v la chn nh trn hnh

Mi mt d n s c cc dng cng tc khc nhau, xc nh t hp cc cng tc c xc nh t Bc 2. - To ct (Thi gian) thuc trng Duration.
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to lp ct ny ta lm theo cc bc sau:

Sau hin ln bng v la chn nh trn hnh

Ct ny th hin thi gian thi cng xong mt cng tc, n c xc nh da vo bin php k thut thi cng v nh mc ra trin khai dng cng tc . - To ct (n v) thuc trng Text1 (t Text1 n Text30). to lp ct ny ta lm theo cc bc sau:

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Sau hin ln bng v la chn nh trn hnh

Nhp tri chut

n v la chn phi ph hp vi n v trong nh mc c bn, nhng trng Text l nhng trng ta t nh ngha, trong Microsoft Project cho ta 30 trng Text (t Text1 n Text30). Lm tng t nh vy chng ta to cc ct (nh mc) thuc trng Text2, ct (Khi lng) thuc trng Text3, ct (Nhu cu) thuc trng Text4. nh mc ta c th ly trong nh mc c bn do Nh nc ban hnh hoc ca cc n v tham gia hot ng xy dng (p dng cho nhng cng tc cha c nh mc do Nh nc ban hnh). Tnh ton khi lng cc cng tc c thc hin trong Bc 3. T nh mc v khi lng cc cng tc ta tnh ra c nhu cu s dng ti nguyn cho mi dng cng tc (nh mc Khi lng = Nhu cu)
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- To ct (Bt u) thuc trng Start. to lp ct ny ta lm theo cc bc sau:

Sau hin ln bng v la chn nh trn hnh

Ct ny th hin thi gian bt u trin khai mt cng tc. - To ct (Kt thc) thuc trng Finish. to lp ct ny ta lm theo cc bc sau:

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Sau hin ln bng v la chn nh trn hnh

Ct ny th hin thi gian kt thc ca cng tc. Thi gian thc hin mt cng tc (Duration) bng thi gian kt thc tr i thi gian bt u ca cng tc (Thi gian = Kt thc Bt u) - To ct (Quan h) thuc trng Predecessors.

Sau hin ln bng v la chn nh trn hnh

Ct ny th hin mi quan h gia cc cng tc vi nhau, n th hin tnh rng buc gia cc cng tc v mt cng ngh hoc t chc.
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- To ct Nhn cng thuc trng Resource Names.

Sau hin ln bng v la chn nh trn hnh

Ct ny th hin ti nguyn s dng cho cng tc trong mt ngy, mi mt loi cng tc khc nhau s tiu tn cc loi ti nguyn khc nhau. Trong chuyn ny ti ch xt mt loi ti nguyn s dng cho cc cng tc l Nhn cng. Ta s c mi lin h gia Thi gian, Nhu cu v Nhn cng nh sau: (Nhu cu) = (Thi gian) (Nhn cng) Thao tc xong cc bc ta c c giao din nh sau

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5.3. Cc nh dng c bn cho mt d n

- nh dng Font cho ton b d n vo Format\Text Styles Ch : Nu vo Format\Font th ch chn Font cho mt cng tc m ta ang lm vic (v tr chut ang ng). - nh dng cch th hin ngy, thng, nm ca ct (Bt u), (Kt thc) vo Tools\ Options vo View chn mc Date format:

- nh dng cch th hin ngy cho ct (Thi gian) vo Tools\Options vo Edit chn mc Days:

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- nh dng v nhng ng vch cng vic trn bn tin vo Format\Bar Styles

Ch : Nu vo Format\Bar th ch chn kiu nh dng Bar cho mt cng tc m ta ang lm vic (v tr chut ang ng).

Bar styles

- nh dng v ngy thng bn phn vch tin vo Format\Timescale\ Timescale (Units: n v chn, Count: Bc nhy). Sau hin ln bng v la chn theo trnh t nh cc hnh di y

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Top Tier Bottom Tier Middle Tier

- nh dng li chia vo Format\Gridlines chn Gantt Rows (li dng), Bottom Tier Columns (li ct)

Gantt Rows

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Bottom Tier Column

- B ngy ngh th 7 v CN cho ng vi tnh hnh thi cng Vit Nam vo Tools\ Change Working Time nh du ct Th 7, CN chn Nondefault working time (Microsoft Project 98, 2000, 2002, 2003). Vo Tools\ Change Working Time\Work Weeks\Details v thao tc theo bng (Microsoft Project 2007)

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5.4. Lm vic vi Gantt Chart

- n nh ngy khi cng vo Project\Project Information nhp vo dng Start date:

- Phn cp cng vic vo Project\Outline\Indent (trc khi vo chn tt c cc cng vic th cp trc). Thao tc theo cc bc sau: + Bi en cc cng vic th cp

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+ Vo Project\Outline\Indent

Nu g b lm tng t vo Project\Outline\Outdent. - Nhp ngy ct thi gian. - Nhp Nhn cng vo Tools\ Resources\ Assign Resources: Ct Name g Nc, ct Units g s nhn cng cn nhp sau chn AssignClose.

Nu mun thay i vo Remove g b sau nhp li. Ch : Nu s nhn cng trong ngy th hin di dng %, mun i sang khng th nguyn trnh t thao tc nh sau:
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+ Vo Tools\Options\Schudule hin bng sau:

+ Trong mc Show assignment units as a: Percentage chuyn sang Decimal c th hin di bng sau:
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- Nhp quan h cng vic vo Project\ Task Information\ Predecessors. Ct ID chn cng vic trc c lin quan (chnh l s th t ca cng vic), Ct Task Name t ng hin tn cng vic, ct Type chn kiu lin quan (FS, SS, FF, SF).

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Mi quan h

Vit tt

Hnh nh minh ha

Din gii

Kt thc Bt u Finish to Start

FS

Cng tc B khng th bt u cho n khi cng tc A kt thc

Bt u Bt u Start to Start

SS

Cng tc B khng th bt u cho n khi cng tc A bt u

Kt thc Kt thc Finish to Finish

FF

Cng tc B khng th kt thc cho n khi cng A kt thc

Bt u Kt thc Start to Finish

SF

Cng tc B khng th kt thc cho ti khi cng tc A bt u

Ct Lag nhp vo thi gian tr (ly s dng) thi gian sm (ly s m) bt u hay kt thc cng vic tu thuc vo kiu lin quan (Type).

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- Nu cc cng vic lin tip n thun quan h vi nhau theo kiu (FS), th c th gn nhanh bng cch bi en hai cng vic sau vo Edit\Link Tasks.

Cn nu g b quan h lm tng t sau vo Edit\Unlink Tasks - Nu cng vic tin hnh gin on v mt thi gian (v mt l do no ngh mt thi gian sau mi tip tc), chn cng vic vo Edit\Split Task sau chnh trn biu vch

Sau khi nhp xong chng trnh s t v biu nhn lc.

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5.5. Xem kt qu v tnh ton cc h s k thut K1 v K2

- xem biu nhn lc bm vo Resource Graph trn thanh View Bar

- c th theo di lin mt lc c Gantt Chart v Resource Graph vo Window\Split. Nu mun lm vic li vi mt ca s vo Window\Remove Split.

- xc nh ton b thi gian thi cng ta lp mt cng vic tng ly tn Tin thi cng chn tt c cc cng vic cn li l cng vic th cp ca cng vic ny. - Mun xc nh tng nhn cng vo Resource Usage.

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Ch : Nu tng nhn cng th hin di dng gi cng ta i sang ngy cng lm trnh t theo cc bc:

+ Vo Tools\Options\ Schedule hin bng sau:

Trong mc Work is entered in: Hours chuyn sang Days c th hin di bng sau:
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- Mun xc nh Amax nhn vo biu nhn lc hay xem trong phn Resource Usage. - T ta tnh c Atb - Mun c ng k vch Atb trong biu nhn lc vo Resource Sheet nhp gi tr Atb vo ct Max. Units (phn nhn cng).

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- xc nh Sd vo biu nhn lc (Resource Usage) vo Format\Details\ Overallocation hoc phi chut chn Overallocation cng tt c cc cng l phn din tch c th hin biu .

- T nhng thng s trn ta tnh c ton b nhn cng, thi gian xy dng cng trnh, tnh c cc h s k thut K1 ,K2 - xc nh ng gng vo View\ More views.... chn Detail Gantt trn biu tt c cc cng vic hin mu l nm trn ng gng (ng gng l ng di nht), tng chiu di ng gng chnh l thi hn xy dng cng trnh.

5.6. In n
- Bi en ton b d n (tin cng trnh). - Chn Copy Picture (trn thanh cng c k hiu nh mt ci my nh). - Vo phn As shown on screen, trong dng From: chn thi gian trc ngy khi cng khong 5 ngy, trong dng To: Chn thi gian sau ngy kt thc khong 5 ngy (mc ch ly c ton b d n). - Vo Cad dn vo (Paste - Ctrl + V). * Ch : Thc hin nh vy vi phn Gantt Chart v phn Resource Graph. - Sau chnh trong Cad cho u nhau gia 2 phn Gannt Chart v Resource Graph ta c hon thin mt bn v TCTC (Bn v tin thi cng), trong bn v th hin c S: tng nhn cng, T: tng thi gian xy dng cng trnh, Amax, Sd, Atb, h s: K1, K2.
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- T kt qu trn ly cc thng s tnh ton s ngi trn cng trng, din tch n phc v cho cng nhn, cc kho, bi, ln tri. T c c thng s u vo ca bn v th 2 (Tng mt bng cng trnh).
IV. Kt lun v kin ngh

Sn xut xy dng ng mt vai tr rt quan trng trong cng cuc xy dng t quc. sn xut xy dng c hiu qu, ngi lm cng tc xy dng phi lun i mi cng ngh sn xut, chn bin php thi cng tin tin v cn phi bit t chc sn xut xy dng mt cch khoa hc. Qu trnh sn xut cng phc tp th t chc iu hnh cng phi tinh vi chnh xc. V vy ngi qun l cn phi c k hoch cho tt c cc vn thc hin trn cng trng cng nh lun sn sng ng ph vi nhng tnh hung bt nh xy ra khi trin khai thc hin. Trong xu th pht trin hin nay, cc phn mm chuyn dng cho vic lp k hoch v qun l d n xut hin nc ta bng nhiu con ng khc nhau. c bit phn mm Microsoft Project cho thy l mt phn mm tin tin trong vic lp k hoch v qun l d n vi nhiu tnh nng u vit nh: Giao din sinh ng trc quan, cng c x l a dng cng nh vic khai thc kt qu rt thun li. Trong chng trnh o to tin hc cho sinh vin Khoa Xy dng ca Trng i hc Kin trc nn a phn mm Microsoft Project vo ging dy v nh gi nh mt mn hc bt buc.

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Ti liu tham kho

1. Nguyn Vn Chn, Nguyn Huy Thanh, Trn c Dc, Bi Vn Ym. T chc sn xut xy dng. NXB Xy dng 1988. 2. Trnh Tun. Lp k hoch v qun l d n bng Microsoft Project 2002 NXB Thng k 2003.

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mc lc
I. Tng quan 1. Cc phng php lp tin thi cng 2. ngha v yu cu ca k hoch tin II. Trnh t lp tin thi cng cng trnh n v theo phng php s ngang 1. Nghin cu h s thit k v cc ti liu c lin quan 2. Phn on, phn t thi cng v xc nh t hp cc cng tc 3. Tnh khi lng cc cng tc 4. La chn phng n thi cng 5. Tnh nhu cu v lao ng v xe my. Tnh ton thi gian thc hin cc qu trnh, xc nh trnh t v mi lin h gia cc qu trnh 6. Vch lch cng tc v v biu nhn lc 7. iu chnh k hoch tin III. S dng phn mm Microsoft Project trong qu trnh lp tin thi cng theo phng php s ngang 1. Khi nim 2. Nhng menu chnh trong Microsoft Project 3. T hp cc phm nng thng dng 4. Ch gii thut ng 5. Cc thao tc c bn trong Microsoft Project khi lp tin thi cng cng trnh n v theo phng php s ngang IV. Kt lun v kin ngh Ti liu tham kho 3 3 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 9 11 12 12 13 16 17 19 43 44

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