Inverse Square Law

Exposure - Distance

Reciprocity Law

Where:
Intensity 1 at D1 Intensity 2 at D2 Distance 1 from source Distance 2 from source

Where:
Exposure at D1 Exposure at D2 Distance 1 from source Distance 2 from source

Where:

I1 I2

= =

E1 E2

= =

C1 C2

= =

Current 1 Current 2 Time 1 at C1 Time 2 at C2

D1

D1

T1

D2

D2

T2

more information: Inverse Square Law Calculation

more information: Exposure-Distance Calculation

more information: Current-Time Reciprocity Calculation

Film Density - Exposure

Geometric Magnification

Geometric Unsharpness

Note: This is an approximation and is only valid for the straight line portion of the film characteristic curve. See more info section.

Where: Where:
E1

Where:
Geometric unsharpnes s

Exposure 1 M Magnificati on Ug Distance from source to object f Distance from object to detector a

E2

Exposure 2 Film Density at Exposure 1 a

FD1

FD2

Film Density with Exposure 2

Focal spot size Distance from source to object

Distance from object to detector

more information: Film Density - Exposure Calculation

more information: Geometric Magnification Calculation

more information: Geometric Unsharpness Calculation

Indication Depth

Attenuation

Half-Value Layer

Where: Where: Where:

Ix = Io = Defect depth from the film side of the m part transmitted intensity Original intensity HVL

Half-value layer

Linear attenuation coefficient m

Linear attenuation coefficient

SD

SM

Thickness of material x = Shift of defect image on the film Shift of more information: surface marker on the film

Distance in material or material thickness

Attenuation Calculation more information: Indication Depth Calculation more information: Half-Value Layer Calculation