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Page 220 - 1
Page 220 - 2
Q13A
Q8
Q14
Q13B
Q19
Q12
+
R5
Q2
Q1
Q3
39k
VCC
Cc
R10
40k
Q4
Q23B
VCC
Q15
R6
27
Q18
vout
R7
27
Q23A
Q21
Q7
Q16
Q20
Q10
Q11
Q5
Q6
Q17
Q24
Q22
R4
5k
R3
R1
R2
1k 50k 1k
R9
50k
VEE
R8
100
50k
Fig. 210-01
Page 220 - 3
Q8
550A
180A
Q14
Q2
Q1
Q3
VCC
Cc
Q4
Q5
R10
40k
VCC
Q7
19A
R6
27
Q19
Q18
vout
R7
27
Q16
Q20
Q23
Q6
Q17
R3
R1
R2
1k 50k 1k
R8
100
R9
50k
VEE = -15V
Fig. 210-05
Page 220 - 4
Q2
Q1
Q3
Q4
ic4
iout
ic2
Q7
Q5
ic6
Q6
R3
R1
1k 50k
R2
1k
vid
2
+
vid
-
Rid
Gmvid
Ro1
Fig. 220-01
Page 220 - 5
Q2
Q1
Q3
vid
2
Q4
ic3
vid
2
v1
r1
gm1v1
gm3v3
+
v3
ic4
r3
Fig. 220-02
1
1
gm1v11+o1 = gm3v31+o3
gm3(1+1/o3)
0.5vid = -v gm1(1+1/o1) +1
Assuming that gm1 = gm3 (|IC1| = |IC3|) and o1, o3>>1, then
ic4 = +gm4vid/4 (symmetry)
v3 = -vid/4 and ic3 = -gm3vid/4 and
iout = -ic4 + ic3 = -gm3vid/2 = -gm1vid/2
gm1
9.5A
1
Gm1 = -iout/vid = 2 = 2(25.9mV) = 5.4k
Gm1 = 183.4S
Small-Signal Analysis of the Input Stage - Continued
(N+1)r3
(N+1)r3
where
N 250
and P 50
Page 220 - 7
Q2
Q1
Q3
1
gm2
Q4
Q4
ix
ix
Q7
vx
vx
Q5
Q6
R3
R1
1k 50k
Q6
R2
1k
R2
1k
Fig. 220-03
VAP
gm4
VAN
ro6T = ro6(1+gm2R2) = 18.7M
ro6 = IC6 = 13.7M
Ro1 = ro4T||ro6T = 6.8M
Page 220 - 8
Rid
2.7M
vid
5.4k
Ro1
6.8M
Fig. 220-04
Page 220 - 9
Ri2
Ri2
Q16
+
vi2
-
Q16
Q17
Req1
R9
50k
R9
50k
R8
100
Ri2
Gm2vi2
Ro2
Req1
Fig. 220-05
Output Resistance:
NVt
r17 = I
= 11.8k Req1 = r17 + (N + 1)R8 =36.9k
C17
Ri2 = r16 + ( N +1)(R9||Req1)= 5.72M
The first-stage load is RLoad1 = Ro1||Ri2 = 3.1M
Av1 = Gm1RLoad1= 565 55dB
NVt
r16 = IC16 = 394k
Page 220 - 10
gm17R8
Ro2 = ro13B||ro171+
gm17R8 ro13B||[ro17(1+gm17R8)] if 0 >> gm17R8
1 + 0
[Recall that the output resistance of a BJT cascoding a resistor RE is ro(1+gmRE)]
ro13B = VAP/IC13B = 50V/550A = 90.9k
ro17 = VAN/IC17 =130V/550A = 236.4k
Ro2 = ro13B||ro17T = 80.9k
ro17T = ro17(1+gm17R8) = 732.3k
+
vi2
-
5.72M
vi2
147
80.9k
+
vo2
-
Fig. 220-09
Page 220 - 11
Q19
Q18
Q20
Q23
Req2
Q14
rd19
Req3
RL
rd18
RL=2k
Ri3
Q23
VEE
Fig. 220-06
Page 220 - 12
ro13
Req4
Q14
vout
rd19
rd18
Rout
Q23
Ro2=83k
Fig. 220-07
Page 220 - 13
Rid
2.7M
+
vi2
-
Ro1
vid
6.8M
5.4k
Ri2
5.7M
+
vi3
-
Ro2
vi2
83k
147
Ri3
9.1M
vout
-
vi3
Fig. 220-08
Page 220 - 14
Q9
VCC
23
Q8
Q13A
17
Q14
Q13B
Q19
Q12
1
Q2
Q1
4
R5
39k
Cc
VCC
Q23B
VCC
14
24
Q7
Q10
Q11
26
R4
5k
20
Q23A
Q21
19
Q16
vout
R7
27
15
Q4
18
R6
27
Q18
40k
Q3
16
R10
Q15
Q20
Q5
Q6
12
9
10
Q22
11
R3
R1
R2
1k 50k 1k
R9
50k
22 VEE
ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II
Q17
13
R8
100
25
Q24
50k
Fig. 210-09
P.E. Allen - 2002
Page 220 - 15
* DARLINGTON **
Q16 21 8 12 NPN
Q17 14 12 13 NPN
R9 12 22 50K
R8 13 22 100
* OUTPUT STAGE *
Q19 17 17 16 NPN
Q18 17 16 15 NPN
Q23A 22 14 15 PNP
Q14 21 17 18 NPN 3
Q20 22 15 19 SPNP
R10 16 15 40K
R6 18 20 27
R7 20 19 22
* POWER SUPPLY *
VCC 21 0 DC=15
VEE 22 0 DC=-15
*
** ANALYSIS **
*DC Sweep to find input offset voltage
*Connect output to inverting input for unity gain buffer
*Rshort 20 2 0.001
*VIN+ 1 0 DC 0 AC 0
*.DC VIN+ -15V +15V .1V
* Now provide input offset voltage
*VIN- 2 0 DC=851.325UV AC=0
*Open Loop Gain
*Remove Rshort
*VIN+ 1 0 AC=1
*VIN- 2 0 DC=851.325UV AC=0
*.AC DEC 20 1 10MEG
P.E. Allen - 2002
Page 220 - 16
Page 220 - 17
Node Voltages
****
NODE
( 1)
( 6)
(11)
(16)
(21)
(26)
VOLTAGE
0.0000
-1.1088
-14.9920
0.0454
15.0000
-14.9020
NODE
( 2)
( 7)
(12)
(17)
(22)
VOLTAGE
851.3E-06
-13.8950
-14.0460
0.6180
-15.0000
NODE
( 3)
( 8)
(13)
(18)
(23)
VOLTAGE
14.4120
-13.4680
-14.7480
0.0079
14.3030
NODE
(4)
( 9)
(14)
(19)
(24)
****
VOLTAGE
-0.5442
-14.4460
-1.3208
-0.0064
-14.3330
NODE
( 5)
( 10)
(15)
(20)
(25)
VOLTAGE
-0.5437
-14.9920
-0.6239
-5.094E-06
-15.0000
Page 220 - 18
Q1
NPN
3.44E-08
7.63E-06
5.44E-01
-1.44E+01
1.50E+01
2.22E+02
2.95E-04
7.53E+05
2.00E+02
1.89E+07
1.59E-12
5.75E-14
5.60E-13
2.22E+02
2.85E+07
Q2
NPN
3.48E-08
7.73E-06
5.45E-01
-1.44E+01
1.50E+01
2.22E+02
2.99E-04
7.43E+05
2.00E+02
1.87E+07
1.59E-12
5.75E-14
5.60E-13
2.22E+02
2.88E+07
Q3
PNP
-1.20E-07
-7.55E-06
-5.65E-01
1.28E+01
-1.34E+01
6.28E+01
2.92E-04
2.15E+05
3.00E+02
8.32E+06
9.40E-12
4.06E-13
5.70E-13
6.28E+01
4.73E+06
Q4
PNP
-1.23E-07
-7.65E-06
-5.65E-01
1.24E+01
-1.29E+01
6.24E+01
2.95E-04
2.11E+05
3.00E+02
8.16E+06
9.52E-12
4.13E-13
5.78E-13
6.23E+01
4.74E+06
Q5
NPN
3.74E-08
7.50E-06
5.46E-01
-5.51E-01
1.10E+00
2.01E+02
2.90E-04
6.92E+05
2.00E+02
1.74E+07
1.59E-12
2.12E-13
4.31E-11
201.00
2.5600e+07
NAME
MODEL
IC
Q6
NPN
7.52E-06
Q7
NPN
1.11E-05
Q8
PNP
-1.48E-05
Q9
PNP
-1.93E-05
Q16
NPN
3.04E-05
Page 220 - 19
Q12
PNP
-1.34E-05
-6.70E-04
-6.97E-01
0.00E+00
-6.97E-01
4.98E+01
2.59E-02
1.92E+03
3.00E+02
Q11
NPN
3.66E-06
7.31E-04
6.67E-01
0.00E+00
6.67E-01
2.00E+02
2.82E-02
7.07E+03
2.00E+02
Q17
NPN
2.51E-03
7.02E-01
Q19
NPN
2.06E-05
5.73E-01
Q10
NPN
8.88E-08
1.96E-05
5.69E-01
-1.32E+01
1.38E+01
2.20E+02
7.57E-04
2.91E+05
2.00E+02
Q18
NPN
7.91E-04
6.69E-01
Q13A
PNP
-1.28E-05
-8.13E-04
-6.97E-01
1.37E+01
-1.44E+01
6.34E+01
3.14E-02
2.02E+03
3.00E+02
Q23A
PNP
-8.04E-04
-6.97E-01
Q14
NPN
2.90E-04
6.10E-01
Q13B
PNP
-3.8200e-05
-2.50E-03
-0.69700
1.56E+01
0.0000
0.0000
0.096500
677.00
100.00
Q20
SNPN
-2.87E-04
6.10E-01
Page 220 - 20
0d
SEL>>
- 90d
10 0
50
( 2.5 845M,-16.1
0
1.0Hz
10Hz
vdb ( 20)
( 6 67.94 7K,-65.52 0m )
1 00Hz
1.0KHz
10KHz
100KHz
1.0MHz
Frequency
Page 220 - 21
1. 0V
I nput
0. 5V
Out put
0V
- 0. 4V
0s
V( 1)
5us
V( 20)
10us
15us
20us
25us
30us
Ti me
SUMMARY
The 741 is a classic Op Amp that exemplifies many of our ECE 6412 circuit concepts
The PSpice voltage gain is lower than for hand calculations due to more complete
model parameters
The gain bandwidth product for the 741 is approximately 1 MHz
The first 741 was designed, laid out, and fabricated by engineers without computers or
calculators and has stood the test of time