CRIMINAL LAW

(LAW 103) Year 2011/12 Term 1 Reading List Statute: Penal Code [PC], Cap. 224, 2008 Rev. Ed. Stanley Yeo, Neil Morgan, Chan Wing Cheong, Criminal Law in Malaysia and Singapore (2007) [YMC]; Chan Wing Cheong, Michael Hor, Victor Ramraj, Fundamental Principles of Criminal Law : Cases and Materials (2005) [CHR] [Unless indicated otherwise, all cases and materials listed below are available online on Lawnet or on Westlaw or LexisNexis. For some background information on the law and a better understanding of the issues that are raised in the readings, students may wish to consult the recommended texts.] 1. Introduction to Criminal Law Chan Wing Cheong & Andrew Phang, The Development of Criminal Law and Criminal Justice in Essays in Singapore Legal History (Marshall Cavendish, (2005) (SMU Vista) Yeo, Morgan, Chan [YMC], chapter 1 CMV Clarkson & HM Keating, Criminal Law : Text and Materials (5th

Recommended Text :

Ed. 2003), Chapter 1, pp1-23: What Conduct Ought to be Criminal? (SMU Vista) 2. Aims of Punishment

Sentencing Practice in the Subordinate Courts (2nd Ed. Singapore),

Chapters 3 & 4: General Objects of Sentencing; Present Sentencing Philosophy. Kow Keng Siong, Sentencing Principles in Singapore, Chapter 6: Sentencing Objectives. Selected Cases: PP v Kwong Kok Hing [2008] 2 SLR 684,CA (Factors to be Considered) Tan Fook Sum [1999] 2 SLR 523 (Approach to Sentencing) PP v Law Aik Meng [2007] 2 SLR 814 (Deterrent Sentencing Policy) PP v Goh Lee Yin and Anor [2008] 1 SLR 824 (Balancing of Interests) PP v Mohammad Al-Ansari bin Basri [2008] 1 SLR 449 (Young PP v Goh Lee Yin & Anor. [2008] 1 SLR ( R) 824 (Kleptomaniac)

Offender)

3. The Singapore Criminal Process Articles: Chan Sek Keong, The Criminal Process The Singapore Model, Michael Hor, Singapores Innovations to Due Process, (2001) 12 (1996) 17 Singapore L. Rev. 431

Criminal Law Forum 25 http://www.isrcl.org/Papers/Hor.pdf

4. The Anatomy of a Crime A 1. YMC , Chapter 3 The Physical Elements Actus Reus Voluntariness (S. 39 PC) Sinnasamy v PP [1956] MLJ 36 CHR 84 R v Quick [1973] 3 All ER 347 CHR 98

2.

 3.

PP v Kenneth Fook Mun Lee [2002] 2 MLJ 563 CHR 96 AGs Ref. (No. 2 of 1992) [1993] 3 WLR 982 CHR 110 Yong Hong Yew [1996] 3 SLR 566 (PC Ss. 32, 43)

Illegal Omissions

Q v Instan [1893] 1 QB 450 CHR 115 R V Miller [1983] 2 AC 161 CHR 116 Lim Poh Eng v PP [1999] 2 SLR 116 CHR 213 Ngiam Chin Boon v PP [1999] 1 SLR 119 R v Taktak (1988)14 NSWLR 226

The Mental Element YMC, Chapter 4. Mens Rea

1.

Intention Yeo Ah Seng v PP [1967] 1 MLJ 231 CHR 133

2.

Knowledge & Wilful Blindness PP v Hla Win [1995] 2 SLR 424 Chiaw Wai Onn v PP [1997] 3 SLR 445 Mohd Aslam s/o Jahandad v PP [2006] 2 SLR 511 PP v Tan Kiam Peng [2007] 1 SLR 522;[2008] 1 Khor Soon Lee v PP [2011] SGCA 17

SLR(R)1,SGCA

3.

Recklessness Seah Siak How v PP [1965] 1 MLJ 53 CHR 222

 4. Rashness 5.

PP v Zulkifli Bin Omar [1998] 6 MLJ 6 5

Mohamad Iskandar bin Basri v PP [2006] 4 SLR 440 PP v Tiyatun [2002] 2 SLR 246 S Balakrishnan & Anor v PP [2005] 4 SLR 249 PP v Teo Poh Leong [1992] 1 SLR 15 CHR 181 Lim Hong Eng v PP [2009] 3 SLR (R) 682

Negligence (objective fault element) Ng Keng Yong v PP [2004] SGHC 171 CHR 217

Article 5 M Hor, Managing Mens Rea in Singapore, (2006) 18 SAcLJ 314 Toh Yung Cheong, Inadvertence as Rashness, (2007) 19 SAcLJ 168

Strict Liability YMC, Chapter 7 Presumption of Mens Rea Sweet v Parsley [1970] AC 132 CHR 242 Teo Kwang Kiang v PP [1992] 1 SLR 9 Lim Chin Aik v R [1963] 1 MLJ 50 CHR 262 R v Howells [1977] 1 QB 614, CA Phua Keng Tong [1986] SLR 168 PP v Bridges Christopher [1998] 1 SLR 162 CHR 283 PP v Yong Heng Yew [1996] 3 SLR 566 CHR 297

Chapter IV Approach [PC : ss. 6, 40(2) 79, 80]

Abdullah v R 1954 MLJ 195 CHR 295 Tan Kheen Wan Iris v PP [1995] 2 SLR 63 CHR 302 Comfort Management Pte Ltd v PP [2003] 2 SLR 67 CHR 312 PP v Han John Han [2007] 1 SLR 1180

Exercise of Reasonable Care/Due Diligence Tan Cheng Kwee v PP [2002] SLR (R) 122 Chng Wei Meng v PP [2002] 4 SLR 595

Articles Michael Hor, Strict Liability in Criminal Law : A Re-examination Chan Wing Cheong, requirement of Fault in strict Liability [1999] 11 [1996] 5 SJLS 312 SAcCLJ 98 6 Attempts YMC, Chapter 36; CHR 653 PC: s. 511 (General Provision) PC: ss 121, 393, 307, 308 (Specific Provisions) 7 Property Offences (PC : Chapter XVII); YMC, Chapter 13-15 a. Theft (PC : Ss 22-24, 378, 379) -Intention to take dishonestly -Moves Raja Mohamed v R [1963] MLJ 339 PP v Ramiah [1959] MLJ 204 PP v Tan Kooi Choo [1961] MLJ 85 Tan Tze Chye v PP [1997] 1 SLR 134

b. c.

Robbery : (PC : S. 390) PP v Chia Poh Yee [1992] 2 SLR 804 Criminal Breach of Trust (PC : S.405) Gopalkrishnan Vanitha v PP [1999] 4 SLR 307 PP v Koh Beng Oon [2001] 1 SLR 276 Lai Ah Kau V PP [1988] 1 SLR 735 Hon Chin Wan Colman [2002] 2 SLR (R) 821

Entrustment

Dominion

Violation of any Direction of Law Tong Keng Wah v PP [1977-78] SLR (R) 578 Cheam Tat Pang v PP [1996] 1 SLR 541

Express or Implied Contract d. Cheam Tat Pang v PP [1996] 1 SLR 541 Cheating (PC : Ss 415-420)

Elements of Offence Seaward V PP [1994] 3 SLR 369 Hwa Lai Heng Ricky v PP [2005] SGHC 195 Gunasegeram s/o Pavadaisamy v PP [1999] 2 SLR 542 Chua Kian Kok v PP [1999] 2 SLR 543 Rahj Kamal bin Abdullah v PP [1998] 1 SLR 447 Seet Soon Suan v PP [1955] MLJ 223

8A

Offences Against the Person YMC, Chapter 11 a. Voluntarily Causing Hurt (PC 39, 319, 321 323) Elements of the Offence Faridah Begam v PP [2001] 3 SLR 570 PP v Kwong Kok Hing [2008] 2 SLR 684 (CA)

b. Assault (PC : S-351) c. Use of Criminal Force (PC : SS 349-352) Ng Eng Huat v PP [1988] 1 MLJ 417 Goh Ang Huat v PP [1996] 3 SLR 570 Mohamed Abdul Kader v PP [1967] 1 MLJ 86

8B

Offences Against the Person (Continued) Sexual Offences YMC, Chapter 12 a. Outraging Modesty (PC : S.354) Modesty Meaning of Rupan Deol Bajaj v KPS Gill [1996] Cr. L.J. 81, SC : Modesty is the quality of being modest and in relation to a woman means womanly propriety of behaviour, scrupulous chastity of thought, speech and conduct. The word modest in relation to woman is defined as decorous in manner and conduct; not forward or lewd; shamefast. Elements of Offence

Re Bakar [1959] MLJ 256 Soh Yang Tick v PP [1998] 2 SLR 42 John Benjamin Cadawaltherayil v PP [1995] 3 SLR 805 Tan Boon Hock v PP [1994] 2 SLR 150

b Rape (PC : S.375) - Consent : PC : S.90 -(Absence of Consent) PP v Teo Eng Chuan [1987] SLR 475 PP v Victor Rajoo [1995] 3 SLR 417, CA Augustine Foong v PP [1990] 1 MLJ 225 Siew Yit Beng v PP [2003] 3 SLR 773

-(Submission)

-Inability to consent S. 90 (b) PC

-Bona fide Mistake as to Consent c Abdullah v R [1954] MLJ 195 CHR 295 DPP v Morgan [1976] AC 182 PP v Zainal Abidin bin Ismail & Others [1987] 2 MLJ 741 PP v Teo Eng Chan & Ors [1988] 1 MLJ 156 CHR 299

Carnal Connection with a girl below 16 years [Womens Charter: ss 140(1)(i),140(4),140(5)] PP v Kwan Kwong Weng [1996] SGHC 208 PP v Selvarajah [1984] 1 MLJ 93 Tay Kim Kuan v PP [2001] 3 SLR 567

Unnatural Offences PP v Kwan Kwong Weng [1996] SGHC 208 (High Ct); [1997] 1 SLR 697,CA

Acts of Gross Indecency Ng Huat v PP [1995] 2 SLR 783

OFFENCES AGAINST THE PERSON (COND) (PC : ss 299-304A,306,312-304) YMC, Chapter 9 Culpable Homicide Not Amounting to Murder Tham Kai Yau v PP [1977] 1 MLJ 174 CHR 81 Tan Cheng Eng William v PP [1970] 2 MLJ 244 CHR 168 Mohamed Yasin bin Hussin v PP [1975-77] SLR 34 CHR 142

(See also the Exceptions to section 300 or the special defences; dealt with subsequently) Murder Virsa Singh v State of Punjab [1958] AIR 465 CHR 140 Mohamed Yasin bin Hussin v PP [1976] 1 MLJ 156 CHR 142 PP v Tan Cheow Bock [1991] SLR 293 CHR 149 PP v Ow Ah Cheng [1992] 1 SLR 797 CHR160 PP v Lim Poh Lye & Anor [2005] 4 SLR 582 Mohammed Ali bin Johari v PP [2008] 4 SLR1058 PP v Astro bin Jakaria [2010] SGHC 131 PP v AFR [2010] SGHC 82

Articles

M Sornarajah, The Definition of Murder under the Penal Code, Alan Tan Khee Jin, Revisiting Section 300 (c) Murder in Singapore,

[1994] SJLS 1 [2005] 17 SAcLJ 693 Causation [YMC , Chapters 5-6] R v Smith [1950] 2 QB 35 CHR122 R v Blaue [1975]3 All ER 446 CHR 124 Ng Keng Yong v PP [2004] 4 SLR 89 CHR236

Coincidence of Actus reus and Mens Rea Thabo Meli & Others v R [1954] 1 WLR 228 CHR 170 Mohammad Radi v PP [1994] 2 SLR 146 Shaiful Edham bin Adam v PP [1999] 2 SLR 57 CHR 171

Further Reading Article Chan Wing Cheong, The Requirement of Concurrence of Actus Reus and Mens Rea in Homicide [2000] SJLS 75 10 ACCESSORIAL & JOINT LIABILITY Abetment (PC : S.109) YMC, Chapter 35; CHR 467 470 Instigates PP v Lim Tee Hian [1992] 1 SLR 45 CHR 471 PP v Ng Ai Tong [2000] 1 SLR 454 S. Balakrishnan v PP [2005] 4 SLR 243

Conspires

10

Er Joo Nguang & Anor v PP [2000] 2 SLR 645 CHR 479 Nomura Taiji & Ors V PP [1998] 2 SLR 173 CHR 485 Hwa Lai Heng Ricky v PP [2005] SGHC 195

Aids Jimini Jacee v PP [2000] 1 SLR 205 CHR 472 PP v Hendricks Glen Gonleth [2003] 1 SLR 421 CHR 503 Daw Aye Aye Mu v PP [1998] 2 SLR 64 CHR 495

Abetting a Non-Offender Chua Kian Kok v PP [1999] 2 SLR 42 CHR 520 Er Joo Nugang v PP [2000] CHR 479

Criminal Conspiracy (PC : SS 120A, 120B) YMC, Chapter 37; CHR 551 544 11. Kannan s/o Kunjiraman v PP [1998] 3 SLR 757 CHR 538 DPP v Nock [1998] AC 979 CHR 542 Emperor v SG Hiremath AIR 1940 Bom. 365 CHR 543

Joint Liability [YMC, Chapter 35] 1. Common Intention (PC : S.34) Lee Chez Kee v PP [2008] 3 SLR 447 Daniel Vijay s/o Katherasan and Others v PP [2010] SGCA 33

Further Reading Articles M Hor, Common Intention and the Enterprise of Constructing Criminal Liability, [1999] 5 JLS 494 CHR 559

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2.

Common Object

(PC : SS 141, 149)

Thongthot Yonda Art v PP [2002] 4 SLR 161 Lee Chez Kee v PP [2008] SGCA 20

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INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL DEFENCES General & Special Defences (See generally the relevant chapters in YMC and CHR) Burden of Proof (PC : SS 6, 40 (2); Evidence Act, Cap 97, SS 103,107, 108) Jayasekara A.H.N. Gamini v PP [2011] SGHC 54 Weight of Evidence : Eu Lim Hoklai v PP [2011] SGCA 16

13A

General Defences a. Accident (PC : Ss 80) R v Ong Choon [1993] MLJ 227 CHR 435 Kong Poh Ing v PP [1997] 2 MLJ 199 CHR 435 Ismail Bin Abdul Rahman v PP [2004] 2 SLR 74, CA Tan Chor Jin v PP [2008] 4 SLR 306,CA

b. Mistake (PC : Ss 52, 79) Lim Chin Aik v Queen [1963] MLJ 50, PC PP v Khoo Cheh Yew & Anor [1980] 2 MLJ 235 CHR 440 Iris Tan Khee Wan v PP [1995] 2 SLR 63 CHR 437 Abdullah v R [1954] MLJ 195, CA CHR 295 PP v Teo Eng Chuan [1988] 1 MLJ 156 CHR 299

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13B

GENERAL DEFENCES (Continued) c. Consent (PC : Ss 87-92) Consent as a Special Defence : (PC: s 300, Exception 5) PP v Leong Siew Chor [2006] 3 SLR (R) 290

d. Duress (PC : S.94) PP v Ng Pen Time [2009] SGHC 230 e. Necessity (PC :S 81) f. Private Defence (PC : Ss 96-106) Soosay v PP [1993] 3 SLR 272, CA CHR 404 PP v Seow Khoon Kwee [1988] SLR 871 CHR 407 Sainal Abidin bin Madang v PP [1999] 3 MLJ 497 Roshdi v PP [1994] 3 SLR 282 CHR 408 PP v Lim Twe Jeat [1994] 2 SLR 219 CHR 409 Tan Chor Jin v PP [2008] 4 SLR 306

[Consider the effect of excess of private defence] Bannister v PP [1989] 2 SLR (R) 349 g. Unsoundness of Mind Cap 96) 14. MNaghtens Case [1843] 8 ER 718 CHR 106 PP v Rozman bin Jusoh & Anor [1995] 2 SLR 317 CHR 330 PP v Boon Yu Kai John [2004] 3 SLR 226 Lim Chwee Soon v PP [1997] 2 SLR 60 (PC: S.84; s315 Criminal Procedure Code,

SPECIAL DEFENCES a. Diminished Responsibility (PC : S. 300, Exception 7) Mimi Wong & Anor V PP [1992] 2 MLJ 75 CHR 340

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 343

Chua Hwa Soon Jimmy V PP [1998] 2 SLR 22, CA CHR PP V Chia Moh Heng [2003] SGHC 108 CHR 346 Zailani bin Ahmad [2005] 1 SLR 356 PP v Took Leng How [2006] 2 SLR 70 G Krishnasamy Naidu v PP [2006] 4 SLR 474 Ong Pang Siew v PP [2011] 1 SLR 606

b. Intoxication (PC : Ss 85 (2), 86 (2)) YMC, chapter 25; CHR 350 367 Jin Yugang v PP [2003] SGCA 22 Tan Chor Jin v PP [2008] 4 SLR 306 (CA) Zailani bin Ahmad V PP [2005] 1 SLR 356 PP v Astro bin Jakaria [2010] 3 SLR 862 Kenneth Fook Mun Lee [2007] 2 MLJ 130

c.

Provocation (PC : S.300, Exception 1) Lim Chin Chong v PP [1998] 2 SLR 794 PP v Kwan Cin Cheng [1998] 2 SLR 345 CHR 370 Seah Kok Meng v PP [2001] 3 SLR 135 CHR 383 PP v Sundari Supriyanto [2004] 4 SLR 622 Koh Swee Beng v PP [1991] SLR 319 Mohamed Ali bin Johari v PP [2008] 4 SLR 1058 PP v Astro bin Jakaria [2010] SGHC 131 PP v Pathip Selvan s/o Sugumaran [2010] SGHC 335

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d.

Sudden Fight (PC : S.300 (Ex. 4) CHR 397 400 Soosay v PP [1993] 3 SLR 272 389 CHR 388 Tan Chun Seng v PP [2003] 2 SLR 506 CHR 394

[Note: Before reading these cases be aware of the purpose these cases are being cited to you. What principles do they illustrate? How do they advance your understanding of the law? A guide to reading these cases in preparation for the seminars will also be issued each week.]

Dr S. CHANDRA MOHAN August 2011

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