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VI. THIT K CHIU SNG

Thit k chiu sng l mt ng dng cng ngh chiu sng cho mt khng gian ca con ngi. Ging nh vic thit k trong kin trc, trong k thut v nhng thit k khc, thit k chiu sng da vo t hp cc nguyn tc khoa hc c trng, nhng tiu chun v quy c thit lp v mt s cc tham s v thm m hc, vn ha v con ngi c xem xt mt cch hi ha. C hai hng trong thit k chiu sng cng song hnh vi nhau. Hng u nhm vo phm cht ca cng ngh chiu sng hay cn gi l hng thm m hc, hng th hai nhm vo vic nh lng cc tham s chiu sng m cn gi l hng thit k k thut. Thit k thm m nhm to ra mt mi trng chiu sng d chu thoi mi. l vic xp t mt cch ngh thut gia nh sng v bng ti, gia nhng mng sng v mng ti trong vic chiu ri, gia nhng hnh dng v hnh th. Hng thit k nh lng nhm xc nh chnh xc rng khng gian s c chiu sng mt cch thch hp nht. Hip hi k thut chiu sng Bc M pht hnh nhng khuyn co v cc mc chiu sng cho cc cng vic v hot ng da trn bn cht ca cng vic, kch thc ca vt c chiu sng, tui trung bnh ca nhng ngi tham gia trong khu vc chiu sng v nhng chi tit cn thit khc. Hiu qu ca thit k chiu sng i hi s thnh tho v k thut v ngh thut v thm m hc. Chiu sng cc ta nh thng c xem xt trc tin. Trong qu trnh thit k ny s quyt nh dng cc b iu khin hoc dng nh sng ban ngy. C th d dng thay i h thng chiu sng bng in trong ta nh nhng vic thay i mch chiu sng t nhin th kh khn v ph tn hn mc d chng c hiu qu hn. Mt s h thng chiu sng c thit k to ra ri ng nht trong ton b khng gian cho trc. Mc d kiu chiu sng ny cho php nh x cc xng hoc tr s lm vic mt cch mm do nhng nhiu khi cng khng tht cn thit. Nu nhng khu vc cn chiu sng mc thp m li c chiu sng mc cao hn ging mc ca nhng ni cn ri ln cho cc cng vic chuyn dng cn nhiu n nh sng th vic chiu qu sng s l rt lng ph. nng cao hiu qu chiu sng v gim chi ph chiu sng ta phi thit k h thng chiu sng ph hp vi yu cu. iu ny c th t c nu dng h thng chiu sng phn tn khi m cc b n c thit k theo yu cu ca tng khu vc lm vic, th d, dng cc b n chiu l lng hay chiu ht ln. Mt cch khc c th lm l dng mt chui cc b n ng nht v iu chnh cng sut chiu sng ca tng b n sao cho tng thch vi yu cu chiu sng ca tng khu vc. Cch th hai d dng t c bng cch s dng cc h thng iu khin in t va xut hin trn thng trng.

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i vi cc ng dng khc nh chiu sng khch sn, nh thit k phi xem xt v kha cnh tm l v s dng cc n hiu sut t c iu . i vi chiu sng cho cc ca hng ngi thit k cn phi n yu cu chiu sng theo phng thng ng trng by cc hng ha. Ngay c trong vic chiu sng trong gia nh l ni m vic tit kim nng lng trong chiu sng mang li hiu qu tt th vn phi khi tn dng cc n hiu sut cao. Nu n hunh quang thu gn ui xoy c dng th thng khng c g m bo chc chn rng sau ny chng s c thay bng cc bng n si t km hiu qu hn. Chiu sng dng nh sng mt tri trong cc ta nh nh hng r rt ln khng gian c chiu sng v c hiu qu tit kim nng lng rt cao. Thng thng con ngi a thch nhng khng gian c chiu sng t nhin nu nhng ch khng b chiu la v t nng. Tham s ch yu nh hng ln chiu sng t nhin l chiu di ca phng, kch thc v v tr ca ca s v mi nh, h thng knh v nhng vt cn nh sng bn ngoi. Nhng tham s ny ph thuc vo quyt nh a ra trong giai on u thit k ngi nh, th d nh c dng di hay rng, mt tng c mi che hay nhiu tng. Mt quy hoch thch hp lc ny lm cho vic s dng ngi nh sau ny tit kim c nng lng v c khng gian bn trong sng sa. Nh trn ni, thay i h thng chiu sng t nhin ca ta nh cn phi lm rt nhiu vic mc d iu ny c th ci thin c hiu qu tit kim nng lng ca ta nh. C th thay i nh sng vo nh nh thm cc mi che, mi hin v cc tm lng knh. nh sng t nhin vo nh nhiu khi cng b thay i do cc cng vic khc, th d do vic sn li hoc lp knh thm gi nhit cho cc ta nh. Cn rng trong trng hp ny khng c gim kch thc ca s n mc m phi dng nh sng in ngay c khi khng c ngi khin cho vic sa ca s tit kim nhit tr nn v gi tr. Trong nhng ta nh chiu sng t nhin tt, mt tri cung cp nh sng cho mi hot ng ban ngy v nh sng tin nghi cho nhng thi gian quan trng trong nm. Tuy nhin tn dng mi tin nghi do nh sng t nhin mang li ta cn phi nh kim tra li xem h thng chiu sng dng in tt cha khi m nh sng t nhin cn ri. t c iu ny c th dng cc b iu khin thch hp v c th tng t ng ha ca nhng b iu khin ny. Thit k chiu sng l c khoa hc v ngh thut. Chng ny tp trung vo kha cnh khoa hc, vo cc phng trnh ton c bn v nhng ng dng ca chng trong cuc sng thc t. Mt thit k chiu sng tt cn phi tha mn mt s tiu ch sau: Cung cp nh sng to tin nghi v hiu qu cao nht cho cng vic, c bit n cht lng ca chiu sng. S ng nht v la nh gp phn to ra tin nghi nhn,

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p ng c kinh ph, do vy phi m bo c nhng chi ph ban u, C tnh n nhng vn lin quan n bo dng h thng bao gm lp t cc cha n v d dng trong vic lm sch h thng. Ch trng n thm m ca cc cha n. Trong thit k chiu sng c ba cch chnh: 1. Chiu sng cho nhng khu vc cng cng. y l nhng thit k phc v chiu sng cho cc trng hp m ngi s dng khng xc nh hoc lun thay i. 2. Chiu sng chung v cho cc hot ng ring. Tng hp chiu sng cho nhng hot ng chung v ring to mc chiu sng cho ton b khng gian mc thp v cc chiu sng cho cc hot ng ring cc mc chiu sng ph hp. 3. Chiu sng gin tip. Chiu sng gin tip to ra mi trng chiu sng mm du hn l chiu sng trc tip. Tin nghi nhn ca chiu sng gin tip c ci thin v la gim. Nhng thit k khc i khi dng nh sng t nhin v s dng cc lp trt tng. tn dng nh sng t nhin chiu sng trong nh thng dng cc chn lu m v cm bin quang gi mc chiu sng. C th dng cc b iu khin dng cm bin quang kiu ng m. Nhng tnh ton chi tit c th gip lm tng hiu qu chiu sng t nhin, tuy nhin v khng gian cn c chiu sng v ban m nn nhng chi ph ban u b ra kh cao. thu hi vn u t th tt nht l thit k chiu sng kiu ny dng cho cc cng trnh mi xy, ni m c th thit k cc bc tng tng hiu qu chiu sng t nhin.

VI.1 CC PHNG PHP THIT K CHIU SNG

thit k cc b n p ng c cc yu cu v ri v ng u ta cn hai loi thng tin: thng tin v mc ca ri trung bnh v ri ti cc im cho trc. Phng php tnh ri ti cc im thng c dng gip cc nh thit k nh gi ng nht chiu sng nht l trong cc trng hp s dng cc b n m khng bit nhng ch dn v khong cch lp t gia cc b n hoc nhng ch dn v cc mc chiu sng cho cc hot ng trong khng gian chiu sng ni chung. tnh mc chiu sng trung bnh ta c th dng hai phng php sau: chiu sng trong nh dng phng php chia vng cng vi d liu ca bng h s s dng. chiu sng ngoi tri dng ng cong ca h s s dng c trc tip h s s dng CU v dng cc cng thc tiu chun ca cng sng.

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tnh ri ti cc im dng hai phng php sau dy: Nu c th ng ng mc th mc ca ri c c trc tip t cc ng cong ny. Nu c d liu v cng sng th mc ca ri c th tnh trc tip t d liu ny dng phng php im - im. Phn di y miu t nhng phng php tnh ton. VI.1.1 PHNG PHP CHIA VNG (PHNG PHP LUMEN) Phng php chia vng thng c dng tnh ri trung bnh cho cc khng gian trong nh tr phi phn b nh sng rt mt i xng. y l phng php chnh xc dng cho cc ng dng chiu sng trong nh v chng xt n c hiu ng nh hng ca phn x ln nhau ln ri. Mc d phng php ny tnh n nhiu tham s nhng gi thit c bn rng cng sng bng thng lng chia cho din tch chiu sng vn khng b vi phm. C s ca phng php chia vng l vic coi cn phng l khng gian ba chiu (xem hnh H. VI.1). Khong khng gia trn nh v cha n treo l lng c xc nh H.VI.1 nh ngha hc nh mt hc trn nh; khong khng gia b mt cn chiu sng v nn nh l hc nn nh; khong chch cn li gia cha n v b mt chiu sng l hc ca phng. Mi khi cc hc c nh ngha th c th tnh tng quan s gi l t s hc, tham s ny dng xc nh phn x hiu dng ca trn v nn nh v sau xc nh h s s dng. C bn bc c bn dng trong tnh mc ca ri: Bc 1. Xc nh t s hc T s hc c xc nh theo nhng cng thc sau:
T s hc ca trn nh (CCR) = T s hc ca phng (RCR) = T s hc ca nn nh (FCR) =

5 hcc (L+W) LxW 5 hrc (L+W) LxW 5 hfc (L+W) LxW

hcc = Khong cch t n n trn nh, hrc = Khong cch t n n b mt chiu sng, hfc = Khong cch t mt chiu sng n nn nh, L = Chiu di ca phng, W = rng ca phng.

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Mt cng thc khc dng tnh cc t s hc c dng nh sau:

2.5 x Chiu cao hc x Chu vi hc T s hc (CR)= ------------------------------------------------------Din tch mt y ca hc

Bc 2. Xc nh phn x hiu dng ca hc

Bng VI.1 phn x (%) hiu dng ca hc nn v trn nh ca cc t hp hc khc nhau

10

Cn phi xc nh phn x hiu dng ca hc trn nh v hc nn nh. Nhng d liu ny c trnh by trn bng B.VI.1 cho cc t hp ng dng gia t s hc v phn x ca trn nh, tng v nn nh. rng nu b n gn trong hc hay trn tng th phn x ca hc trn v hc nn nh s bng 0 v

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v vy phn x hiu dng ca trn v nn nh s chnh l phn x thc ca chng v k hiu l PCC (Pure Ceiling cavity Reflectance) v PFC (Pure Floor cavity Reflectance) . Bc 3. Chn h s s dng H s s dng (CU) l s ch kh nng ca cha n tp trung c bao nhiu phn thng lng pht ra ca n ln b mt cn chiu sng. Hy nh rng trong mt s h thng chiu sng cha n hng nh sng vo tng hoc ln trn nh sau nh sng mi phn x ln b mt cn chiu sng. Kch thc hnh hc v phn x b mt gp phn quan trng to ra h s s dng ca cha n. Th d, phn x ca b mt cng ln th h s s dng cng ln. Gi tr ca phn x b mt c th tra cu trong s tay chiu sng ca IES. Vi nhng gi tr PCC, PFC miu t trn cng vi phn x ca tng PW, khi bit t s hc phng (RCR) theo kiu tnh trn ta tm c h s s dng trong bng h s s dng CU ca cc b n. rng c th lm ngoi suy tuyn tnh tnh chnh xc t s hc hoc cc t hp phn x. Gi s h s s dng c tm cho trng hp phn x hiu dng ca hc nn nh l 20% th cn thit phi b chnh li cho PFC. iu ny c th lm bng cch nhn CU vi h s xc nh t bng B.VI.2.
Bng B.VI.2 H s nhn cho trng hp phn x hiu dng ca nn nh khc gi tr 20%

Di y l th d cho trng hp phn x b mt ca nn nh (PFC) = 20%, ca trn nh (PCC) = 10%, ca tng (Pw) = 50% th t s hc ca phng RCR s l 5, s dng bng cho cc gi tr phn x trn v tm ct ca ch s RCR=5 ta c c gi tr 0.44 cho CU.

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44

Bc 4. ri tnh trung bnh ri c tnh trn c s dng cng thc ca phng php thng lng nh sng truyn thng. Cng thc ch yu ca phng php ny l: ri = Thng lng nh/din tch chiu sng Cng chiu sng ph thuc vo khong cch tng i gia ngun sng v b mt c chiu sng. Nu ngun cng gn b mt th thng lng nh sng ri trn b mt cng ln. Nu din tch ca b mt cng nh th thng lng ri trn b mt cng nh. Trn thc t da trn cng sng cho v din tch ca b mt chiu sng ta xc nh c thng lng nh sng cn phi c v s chn s lng v kiu cha n p ng c yu cu . C nhiu tham s nh hng n biu thc c bn ni trn. Tham s u tin l hiu sut ca cha n. Cha n hiu sut thp s bt gi thng lng nh sng li trong cha n. Nhng tham s khc nh vic lp t bng n, kch thc phng v phn x b mt. Thm vo cn c nhng tham s mt mt nh sng khc, nh s suy gim thng lng ca n, bn ca n v h s chn lu. Nhng b chnh ny c xc nh bi h s s dng nu trn v c tn gi chung l h s mt mt nh sng LLF (Light Loss Factor). LLF l h s b chnh dng tnh s khc bit gia kt qu kim nghim trong phng th nghim v s gi ha trn thc t ca h thng chiu sng vi thi gian. Trong nhng h s ny c mt s c th b li c cn mt s khc th khng. H s khng b l nhng h s khng th iu khin bi qu trnh bo dng. Chng tn ti ngay t u v t thay i trong sut thi gian hot ng ca h. Th d: h s nhit mi trng ca b n, h s to nhit, h s

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th hiu vo n, h s chn lu, h s quang trc ca h bng n chn lu, h s lm vic ca h thng, h s v tr ca bng n v h s gi ha b mt ca b n. H s b c bao gm: suy gim thng lng nh sng, bm bn ca b n, bm bn ca cc tng, tui th ca bng n. Nu mc chiu sng ban u c xc nh th dng h s nhn bng 1. H s mt mt nh sng cng vi thng lng tng cng ca bng n thay i ty theo nh sn xut, ty theo cc loi n hoc b n v c xc nh dng cc bng d liu ca cc nh sn xut. Dng hai h s CU v LLF, ta c th tnh ri trung bnh v t tnh s lng cha n N:
N= ri din tch Thng lng ca bng n S bng ca cha n CU LLF

Trn y ta xem xt phng php lumen thit k chiu sng trong nh. Ta c th p dng phng php ny thit k chiu sng ph v chiu sng i l. Trong trng hp ny ri trung bnh c th tnh dng ng cong s dng. Mt phin bn ca cng thc ny thng dng cho chiu sng i l s dng tnh khong cch gia cc b n m bo ri trung bnh.

Kh. cch=

Th. lng n x CU x LLF ri tr. bnh x rng ng

ng cong s dng ch phn trm thng lng nh sng ri trn b mt c rng thit k v di coi nh v cng. rng c biu din trn ng cong bng t s gia rng v chiu cao ca b n (xem hnh H. VI.3). tm h s CU ta tm t s rng trn chiu cao trn trc honh, tm im ct trn ng cong tng ng v t hng sang trc tung v c gi tr ca CU cn tm. Ta tm gi tr CU ring r cho din tch chiu sng ca ng v din tch quanh nh, t c th tm ri ca ng v va

H. VI.3 ng cong s dng ca bng n HPS 400W HPS ca hng Holophane Corp.

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h hoc dng thm tnh tng thng lng trn ng trong trng hp b n lp t gia ng. Nhng tnh ton ny c thc hin d dng nht l khi dng my tnh. Tuy nhin phng php chia vng khng cho php nh gi ng nht ca ri. nh gi iu ny ta phi dng phng php im - im. VI.1.2 PHNG PHP TNH IM Phng php ny rt hu hiu xc nh s thay i v ng nht ca ri. Chng hay c dng thit k chiu sng trong cng nghip nhng ni m t c phn x ln nhau. Phng php im - im tnh ri ti im cho trc bng cch tnh mi ng gp ca mi b n vo im . Phng php ny khng tnh s ng gp ca cc ngun sng khc nh phn x ca tng, trn nh v..v. S dng phn b quang trc trn mt n v din tch ta c th tnh cho cc im v cho ton b b mt ngang. Vic tnh ton c th d dng v nhanh chng thc hin bng tay cho mt vi im chiu sng bi mt hoc hai n. Nu cn tnh cho nhiu im hn ta dng chng trnh my tnh. Cng thc chung xc nh thnh phn trc tip ca ri ti mt im cho trc l chiu sng l nh lut nghch o bc hai. Nh trnh by trong chng I, ri (E) l lng nh sng ri trn mt n v din tch ca b mt cn chiu sng v c xc nh bng cng ca nh sng (I) chiu thng t ngun sng n im P ca b mt ang quan tm chia cho bnh phng ca khong cch gia ngun sng v im P . Mc d din tch ca mt gc khng gian cng ln khi b mt cng xa ngun nhng thng lng nh sng trong gc khng gian ny th khng i. Do vy ri trn b mt chiu sng t l nghch vi bnh phng ca khong cch. Cng thc ny ch ng nu b mt ni trn vung gc vi hng t tm b mt n ngun. Trong trng hp tia sng n b mt nghing di mt gc q th cng thc c dng:

E=

Icosq D2

nh lut nghch o bc hai gi thit ngun dng im coi nh khng c kch thc. iu ny tt nhin l khng ng cho a s cc ngun nhng sai s ca

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cng thc ni trn trong khong 1% nu kch thc ca ngun khng vt qu 1/5 ca khong cch gia ngun v im. Trong trng hp ngc li ta chia nh ngun thnh cc phn m bo tiu ch 1/5, sau p dng cng thc trn cho tng phn v tnh ng gp ca cc phn ny li. Trong trng hp ta chp nhn sai s t 3 n 5% th quy tc 1/3 c th dng thay cho quy tc 1/5. Phng php im dng biu ng mc ri. Dng biu ny ta tnh c i ri ti im cho. tnh ta xc nh khong cch theo chiu ngang k t cha n n im ang quan tm v tnh t s gia n vh bhht bao ca ct n sau da vo n tra trn biu . nh lut nghch o bc hai c th s dng tnh ri trn b mt thng ng nh trong trng hp chiu sng phng tranh hoc gi sch th vin. Trong trng ny nh lut c chuyn v dng tch gia cng ca ngun sng vi sin ca gc b m 3 v chia cho bnh phng ca khong cch gia ngun v im cn tnh. i vi chiu sng trong nh, nh sng phn x t b mt cn phng cn phi c tnh thm cho thnh phn chiu sng trc tip. Nhng im cng gn tng th cng b nh hng ca thnh phn ny. i vi cc im trn b mt nm ngang biu thc tnh ri c dng:
ri = Thng lng ca b n x RRC x LLF Din tch chiu sng ca b n

y h s phn x bc x (Reflected Radiation Coefficient - RRC) bng h s bng ca tng (Wall Exitance Coefficient - WEC) cng vi h s nhn ty thuc vo v tr trong cn phng nhn vi hiu gia h s hc trn nh (Ceiling Cavity Coefficient - CCC). H s WEC v CCC cho cc b n tiu biu c tra cu trong s tay hng dn ca IES. Ta tnh t s hc ca phng dng biu thc trnh by trn sau dng h s phn x nn v trn nh cho trong s tay hng dn tra cu gi tr ca WEC v CCC. H s nhn ph thuc vo ta cc im trong phng m ta nh tnh ri. Ta dng mng li chia b mt chiu sng thnh cc khi c kch thc mi chiu bng 1/10 chiu di v chiu rng ca cn phng (hnh H.VI.4). tnh din tch mt chiu sng ca mt b n n gin ta ly tng din tch chia cho s cha n dng chiu sng tng din tch .
H.VI.4 Biu din kiu mng li ca b mt cn thit k chiu sng.

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i vi cc im trn b mt thng ng biu thc tnh ri bng thng lng ca n nhn vi h s phn x bc x ca tng (Wall Reflected Radiation Coefficient -WRRC) nhn vi h s mt mt LLF v chia cho din tch chiu sng ca mt b n. H s WRRC bng h s bng ca tng chia cho h s phn x ca tng (PW, xem phn trn) tr i h s bc x trc tip ca tng (Wall Direct Radiation Coefficient WDRC). C hai h s WEC (xem trn) v WDRC c th tra cu trong s tay hng dn ca IES cho cc b n thng dng. Phng php tnh ton im c th thc hin bng tay cho nhng trng hp n gin th d cho a s trng hp chiu sng trn b mt thng ng. Chng trnh my tnh vit da trn phng php ny dng kim tra ng nht ca ri v cng vi phng php lumen ni trn kim tra cht lng ca thit k chiu sng. Mt s phn mm tnh ri ti mi im ca b mt chiu sng v sau ly trung bnh theo mi im trnh phi dng phng php lumen. Do s im cn phi ly rt nhiu nn khng th tnh tay trong trng hp ny.

VI.2 CHIN LC THIT K CHIU SNG

Vic t c ri cn thit khng nht thit ng ngha vi vic t c chiu sng cht lng cao. Cht v lng ca ri u quan trng to ra mi trng chiu sng tin nghi, hiu qu v thm m. Cht lng ca h thng chiu sng c quy v, tt nhin l khng ht, nhng kha cnh ca chiu sng nh phi c ng mu, ng nht tt, chi ca b mt cn phng tt, iu khin sng thch hp v la ti thiu. Kt qu nghin cu cho thy rng h thng chiu sng c th nh hng n cm gic ca ngi dng v sng sa, s rng m ca khng gian v s d chu. Nhng cm gic ny xy ra trong khng gian c chiu sng mt cch ng nht v c chi ln ca b mt cn phng. Ngi dng c tha mn khi khng gian xung quanh c chiu sng tt, iu ny c th c hoc khng c nh hng n cng vic ca h. Tuy nhin nu hai h thng chiu sng cho trc cng gi thnh v tui th th bao gi h thng no mang li nhng tha mn trong chiu sng cng c xem xt la chn. S tha mn ca ngi dng thng c xem xt khi thit k chiu sng cc cng s v trung tm thng mi nhng thng b b qua i vi cc c s cng nghip. Tt nhin cc mi trng cng nghip phi c thit k chiu sng vi cht lng cao mang li nhng iu kin lm vic tt. lm iu ny thng dng cc h thng chiu sng to ra chi tt trn trn v tng.

VI.2.1 LA CHN RI
Nhng th tc trnh by di y c la chn nh phng php ca Hi k thut chiu sng ca Bc M xc nh ri cn thit thc hin mt cng

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vic cho trc. Phng php ny xem xt cc tham s ng gp ch yu vo kh nng nhn ca cng vic . N s cho bit khong ri cn thit cho cng vic , sau s xc nh mt mc ca ri trong khong bng cch s dng h s u tin ca cc mc trong khong xc nh c. Nhng iu kin sau y c chn xem xt: Nhim v cng tc cn phi tin hnh, Nhng chi tit ca cc vt cn phi quan st, Tui ca ngi quan st, Tm quan trng ca tc v/hoc chnh xc ca vic nhn, phn x ca cc vt liu nn. Phng php m ta s cp cho php nh thit k s dng nh gi ca bn thn v mi trng chiu sng la chn ri cn thit. Hy n nhng bc sau y: Bc 1: Xc nh loi hot ng m ta cn chiu sng cho n. Bc 2: Chn ri thch hp bng mt trong cc phng php sau: A. Nu cng vic thuc mt trong cc cng vic tiu biu th hy chn ri t bng B.VI.1. B. Nu khng xc nh c cng vic th ri c th la chn t vic miu t chung trnh by trn bng B.VI.2.
Bng B. VI.1 Cc khu vc thng mi, cng s v cng cng

Bc 3: Xc nh khong gi tr ca ri. Mt khi khong gi tr ny c chn th ri chnh xc s c xc nh trong khong ny. Gi tr ny c xc nh t bng B.VI.3 bng cch lm ph hp vi ngi dng, vi phng v cho cc c trng cng vic. ( m bo tnh chnh xc trong khi tham kho, cc bng B.VI.1 - 3 c trch dn nguyn bn.)

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Bng B. VI.2 Loi v gi tr ca ri cho cc loi cng vic ni chung

Bng B.VI.3 Gi tr ca ri n v foodcandles cho t hp cc loi ri, ngi dng, cn phng v cc c trng cng vic ( ri ly n v lux nhn vi 10)

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Bng B.VI.3 (tip)

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Bng B.VI.3 (tip)

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Bng B.VI.3 (tip)

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Bng B.VI.3 (tip)

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Bng B.VI.3 (tip)

VI.3 PHN MM THIT K CHIU SNG

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Chiu sng nhn to l mt mn khoa hc non tr. Khc vi chiu sng t nhin pht trin mt cch truyn thng vi th k nay, chiu sng nhn to mi pht trin hn mt th k nay. Khong 200 nm trc y vic s dng nhng ngun sng nhn to ch hn ch nhng quyt nh lp t cc ngn nn hoc cc n du. Ch trong mt trm nm cui cng vi s pht trin ca cc ngun sng nhn to thit k chiu sng tr thnh cng c cho php to ra chiu sng nhn to vi ri thch hp. Vic thit k mt mi trng chiu sng thch hp v hon ho phc tp hn rt nhiu so vi vic la chn cha n. to ra m hnh chiu sng trong khng gian, to bng v mu cn phi ngh v nh sng trong khng gian ba chiu. Tht l sai lm khi tp trung vo cc b n hn l ngh n cc b mt c chiu sng. Cc b n s l nhng phn t c quan tm n sau cng. Bc u tin trong vic ln k hoch chiu sng mt khng gian l thit lp mt mi trng n tng cho cc hot ng d nh s xy ra . Chiu sng c th nh hng nhng cm xc v s rng ri, th gin, ring t, thn mt v d chu. Chiu sng c th to ra khng kh l hi ging nh l hi ha trang hoc to ra mt khng gian im ng cho nhng suy ngm ring t, chng c th to ra s lnh lo, mt khng gian m p y n tng, mt khng gian thn tnh ring t. nh sng c th c nh hng ln ln cc trng thi tm l ging nh cc loi nhc nn. Sau khi xem xt kha cnh tm l th phi xt n khng gian chiu sng. Con ngi v cc hot ng xy ra trong khng gian l nhng vn ch o. Sau l n cu trc ca khng gian, nhng b mt cn c chiu sng phc v cc hot ng nh c, nh vi tnh, son tho, nu bp, may mc v..v. Khi m n cu trc ca mi trng chiu sng th cc hot ng tr nn l thuc vo mi trng cu trc . tm ra c mt t hp gia cc b mt sng v ti nh thit k phi suy ngh v hng v phn b ca nh sng trong khng gian. Cm nhn bng th gic v mt khng gian ph thuc vo nh sng v b mt c chiu sng. thit k chiu sng, rt quan trng l phi bit c nh hng ca nh sng phn x. Nhng b mt ti, t phn x hp th nhiu nh sng ti, ch phn x mt phn rt t vo mt ngi nhn. Nu sng ca b mt thp chng s gp phn gy n tng v mt khng gian ti. Nhng b mt sng mu, c phn x ln s phn x nhiu nh sng ti to ra mt khng gian sng sa vi nhiu nh sng dng khuych tn. Mt iu rt quan trng l cc nh thit k phi hiu c mi quan h c bn gia nhng thit b chiu sng (to ra phn b nh sng ban u) v nhng b mt c chiu sng (to ra phn b sau khi phn x). Bc tip theo ca qu trnh thit k chiu sng l vic xc nh cng sng cn thit cho cc hot ng xy ra trong khng gian c chiu sng.

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Cm nhn mu l mt tham s quan trng khc nh gi v thc hin cc cng vic cn n th gic. c trng mu ca nh sng c th lm thay i rt ln din mo ca con ngi. Nhng ngun sng dng n si t giu mu trong ph ca mnh s b xung v tn ln nc da lm cho hng ho hn. Mt s n hunh quang v HID c vng ph ch yu mu xanh v vng gy cm gic m yu nht nht. Nhng th nghim tm l cho thy rng con ngi thch mu nh sng m (ph giu mu ) vi cng sng nh cn mu nh sng lnh vi cng sng ln. iu ny c ngha quan trng nu ta nh rng nhng ngun sng truyn thng ri nh nh ngn la, ngn uc, nn v cc n kh, n du l nhng ngun sng giu nh sng trong ph ca mnh. Nhng ngun sng c cng ln nh mt tri, bu tri, chng l nh sng lnh hoc trng. Mt iu rt r rng rng thit k chiu sng l mt ngh thut. Mt thit k ti u chiu sng mt khng gian cho trc v cc hot ng lin quan n chiu sng trong khng gian yu cu gii quyt mt t hp cc vn v phi dng nhng phn mm thit k c trnh by phn di. VI.3.1 CC PHN MM TRONG MI TRNG WINDOWS AGI32 Phn mm thit k chiu sng c xem xt u tin l phn mm AGI32 ca hng Lighing Analysists Inc. (10394 West Chatfield Ave. Suite 100 Littleton, Colorado U.S.A). AGI32 l tha k ca AGI-DOS v l mt cng c c ci tin mnh tng thm phn duyn dng cho cng nghip thit k chiu sng dng my tnh c nhn. AGI32 khng ch l mt chng trnh thng minh dng phng php im - im m cn l mt chng trnh c tc tnh cc nhanh, ng v quang trc, c b cng c hon mu tt. nh kt qu tnh cho cc im cng mt lc c th hin y vi cc gam mu. AGI32 t gii thng sng to th gii ha trn my tnh nm 2000. AGI32 d on cc hot ng ca h thng chiu sng cho mi ng dng t mt b n trong mt nh t n hng trm b n ti cc bi tp th thao nh ngh. D l trong nh hay ngoi tri, AGI32 u c th thit k cc mi trng chiu sng nhn to dng in m khng b hn ch v s lng cc b n, cc im tnh v cc b mt phn x hoc truyn qua. Cc yu cu v phn cng ca AGI32: Yu cu khuyn co: Pentium II hoc III, Windows 95, 98, NT4 hoc Win 2000, 128 Mb RAM, CD-ROM, mn hnh vi cc mn hnh gia tc c phn gii ti thiu 1024768. My in mu hoc my v kh rng, cc m thanh v h tr VRML (ti nhanh dng IE or Netscape). Yu cu ti thiu: CPU loi PentiumC, Windows 95, 98, NT4 or Win 2000, 32 Mb RAM, CD-ROM, mn hnh tr gip bi Windows, phn gii ti thiu 1024768, my in tch hp vi Windows.

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Nhng c im chnh ca AGI32: Phn tch s chnh xc. AGI32 s dng phn mm tnh cng sut ln mi hon ton da trn k thut hin i mang li nhng cch thc y n tng trong vic tnh ton v hp mu. Trong thc t i vi nhng d n thit k phc tp AGI32 pht huy kh nng ca mnh thc hin cc tnh ton vi tr mu cao trong thi gian ch vi giy hay vi pht thay v vi gi hay vi ngy. nh gi trc gic mu. i vi nhng ngi lm cng tc chiu sng kin trc mt bc tranh c gi tr bng ngn li ni. AGI32 cung cp cc ha my tnh c cc c trng quang trc ng n cho mi ng dng. Nu con s phi gn cht vi cc nh ngha th mt hnh v s tng s thuyt phc ca d n. Nhng bc ha c mu ging nh trong thc t s to ra mi trng y n tng cho nh thit k cho php h c c nhng tng mi ngay trong giai on ban u xy dng khi nim cho d n. C mt im quan trng cn phi , l kh nng ca AGI32 to ra tp tin tiu chun VRML 97 cho ha mu 3 chiu. Hn th na ngi s dng c th xem v tc ng trc tuyn vi ha ngay c khi cc tnh ton ang thc hin. D dng m hnh ha. Vic to ra cc m hnh 3 chiu c thc hin d dng vi AGI32 nhng hnh phc tp, nhng ng cong, nhng trn nh khng theo ng quy lut u c th miu t rt d dng khng cn n k thut CAD to cc bn v 3 chiu. AGI32 cung cp cng c v, mt giao din s ha v mt phn nhp xut tp ha c ui m rng .dxf. Cng c phn tch mm do. AGI32 cung cp kh nng phi hp hu nh khng c gii hn s cc im tnh trong mt phng, s cc b n v cc loi b n, bn gc nh hng b n, cc vt phn x hoc truyn qua, tnh mt cng sut chiu sng, cc tiu ch v la ca CIE, cc tiu chun v chi ca n chiu sng quc l RP-8 ca IESNA, hnh hc phn x 3 chiu v nhng tham s khc na. xem biu din ca phn mm AGI32 cc bn c ch cn kch chut vo y, thot ra khi phn biu din ch cn n Esc LUMEN MICRO 2000 Lumen Micro (hng Lighting Technology, 1630 Welton Street, Suite 400, Denver, Colorado 80202, USA) cung cp mt cng c sng to v m phng thit b chiu sng cho cc ng dng trong nh v ngoi tri. Khng gian chiu sng trong nh v ngoi tri c th d dng c m hnh ha dng kh nng thit k vi tr gip my tnh ca Lumen Micro, sau vic tnh s v v th c thc hin rt n gin bng cc c kch chut.

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Lumen Micro 2000 i hi ti thiu v phn cng nh sau: Windows 95, 98, NT 4.0, 2000, Me, 64Mb RAM, SVGA cc ha, 50MB trng ca b nh. Nhng yu cu v phn cng c khuyn co l: Pentium II hoc hn, Cc ha gia tc OpenGL. Lumen Micro 2000 c nhng c im tiu chun sau: Giao din kiu Windows - Lumen Micro s dng h iu hnh Windows to giao din kiu Window thn thuc. Giao din thit k tr gip bi my tnh - Cc cn phng, cc i tng c chiu sng v cc b n c th lp t, dch chuyn, copy v xa bng kch chut. Nhiu nh 3 chiu cng lc to ra kh nng hnh dung v thao tc tuyt vi. Th vin cc sn phm - Lumen Micro c th vin cc d kiu quang trc ca khong 20.000 sn phm ca 70 nh sn xut. B tr gip ca Lumen - Bn lit k tng trang mt ly ra tng thit k mt. B vo ra kiu thit k tr gip my tnh - Xut v nhp cc tp c ui m rng .dxf v. dwg gip sn xut cc thit k chiu sng. Kh nng hon mu nh thc t - nh en trng v mu ca ban thit k xc nhn nh thc t m thit k t c. Th vin i tng - Lumen Micro cha mt th vin cc vt c th c trong khng gian chiu sng nh cc bc vch, cc bn ngn, cc gh di thm vo bn thit k bng cch kch chut. nh cch tp ra In cc bn thit k trong vi giy. Lumen Micro c kh nng thay i cc th loi ca bn bo kt qu. Lin kt tch phn vi phn mm Lightscape 3.2 Cho php s dng Lightscape to cc bn v mu thc t ca cc d n tnh trong Lumen Micro. Cu hnh cc ct n To cu hnh ca ct n theo yu cu t hng hoc chn t th vin nhng cu hnh cho trc. Tnh ton chiu sng ng quc l Cho ng quc l vo trong bn d n v tnh chi ca ng dng n RP-8. ng ng mc Biu din di dng th phn b nh sng ca tng n ring r, ca cc ct n gip xp t h thng. Xp t v nh hng b n - t v quay n mt cch n gin v dch chuyn nh hng b n mt cch t ng. Chc nng CAD - Lumen Micro cho php chn i tng thng qua cc ca s, lm to nh, thay i tc trong nh CAD v dng nhiu lp ging nh AutoCAD.

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iu khin bn ng mc Cho php iu khin tng i tng to nh ng ng mc. Kch thc mng li khng gii hn To li tnh, li khng c gii hn v kch thc, s im tnh cng khng b gii hn. Kt ni cc tp d n Kt ni cc tp ca d n vo thnh mt tp d n. Nh vy cng mt lc nhiu ngi c th tham gia vo cc phn khc nhau ca d n. Tp kt qu theo yu cu t hngt Kh nng mi ny cho php ly kt qu ra theo yu cu ca khch hng v kch thc bn thit k, bao gm c bn theo kh in tiu chun hoc kh ca my v, cha logo ca cng ty t hng, nhng khi tiu , k hoch s dng b n, bn v..v. T ng tnh li - c im mi ny c ng dng trong phn tch chiu sng ngoi tri cho php thc hin tnh ton li ngay lp tc khi c thay i trong thit k. Php nh gi khi lng tng cng - C th tnh t ng s lng b n phi c t c ri cn thit. Cu hnh chiu sng kiu t my tri - To ra cu hnh ny theo n t hng cho cc d n chiu n pha v chiu sng cc sn vn ng. Din tch thng k - Vic thm nt din tch thng k cho php quan st thng k tnh trn mt din tch cho trc c hnh dng v kch thc tu . V hnh c bng ca mng li tnh To ra mng li en trng c bng dng cho cc tnh ton v xem chng trong nh CAD. Bn chiu sng t nhin ton cu Bn ny gip xc nh kinh v v dng trong phn tch chiu sng t nhin mt cch n gin bng vic kch ln v tr cn xc nh. Undo Nt ny cho php quay ngc tr li php tnh ln trc. Ti liu in t - Lumen Micro c cc ti liu in t v c lin kt ng. Phin bn h tr min ph Mi sn phm ca LTI c trnh din min ph trong 30 ngy. Ngoi ra cc khch hng c th nhn c h tr thng qua Fax v th in t khng hn ch. Lumen Micro 2000 a ra mt bn danh sch gy n tng v nhng c im mi ca mnh. Trong cc c im mi v nhng ci thin c nhng c im sau c a vo phin bn 2000: Hon mu cho cc nh thit k C th thm mu cho cc bn thit k. Lumen Micro cho php chn bt k mu no cho cc b mt trong nh v ngoi tri. H tr AutoCAD Cho php nhp v xut cc tp c ui m rng DWG/ DXF. C c h tr cho AutoCAD 2000. Thit k t ng Nhp mc chiu sng v Lumen Mco 2000 s t ng tnh v nh v cc cha n to ra c mc chiu sng cn thit. Nhng c trng CAD mi Kiu thit k CAD rt nhanh vi mode m thanh ni v mode qu o. C th quan st hnh thit k vi cc ng n v ng m.

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Tp kt qu dng HTML Lu d kt qu dng tp HTML d dng kt ni vi Internet. xem Lumen Micro 2000 biu din xin hy kch chut vo y (sau chn tp c tn startlm.dbd). SIMLY LIGHTING SIMPLY LIGHTING (hng Lighting Technology, 1630 Welton Street, Suite 400, Denver, Colorado 80202, USA) l t hp cc cng c phn tch dng trong cng ngh chiu sng da tren my tnh c nhn, phn mm ny c thit k tr li nhng cu hi cn thit mt cch nhanh chng v chnh xc. SIMPLY LIGHTING bao gm chiu sng trong nh, ngoi tri, chiu sng i l, l phn mm tnh ton hiu qu v m bo cc tham s quang trc. Yu cu v phn cng: Windows 95, 98, 2000, Me, or NT 4.0, CD-ROM, Pentium, 32 Mb RAM, 8 Mb ti thiu ca b nh a cng, Cc ha SVGA. SIMPLY LIGHTING c nhng c im chnh sau: D dng s dng Mi ln s dng bng nhng bc thc hin chng trnh mt cch n gin ta s thu c thit k h thng chiu sng hon ho v chnh xc. Ch cn my pht hc cch hot tnh chng trnh l c th lm ra c cc sn phm thit k c ch. Giao din kiu Windows - SIMPLY LIGHTING s dng h iu hnh Windows v cho giao din quen thuc v giao din ha d s dng. C s d liu quang trc - SIMPLY LIGHTING cha th vin quang trc ca khong 20.000 n ca 70 nh sn xut. Cng c th tm kim c d liu cho sn phm ang cn nu s dng cc tiu ch do cc nh sn xut cung cp. nh dng quang trc S dng nh dng IES, CIBSE v EULUMDAT. Tp ra nh dng In ra kt qu dng chuyn nghip trong vi giy. SIMPLY LIGHTING thit k trong nh c nhng c im sau: Tnh ngay s lng b n cn thit t c ri cho trc. T ng thit lp h thng chiu sng ti u. T ng lm trng h thng chiu sng vi mng li trn nh thc t.

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Tnh ri theo cc im trn mi b mt ca cn phng v b mt lm vic. Kch thc mang li dng trong tnh ton thay i theo khch hng. Tnh nhanh ri ca h thng vi s lng n cho trc. Xc nh thnh phn ca ri phn x hn hp. So snh n 4 h thng chiu sng ng thi v t hp n 4 h thng trong cng mt phng. Tnh ng dy i chung cho h thng. Thc hin so snh gi c mt cch n gin. Cho ra bn bo co dng chuyn nghip bao gm cc bn v, hnh v c bng v cc ng ng mc. Simply Lighting cho h thng chiu sng ngoi tri: M hnh mi h thng chiu sng ngoi tri bi xe, cc khu vc v..v. Nhp xut cc tp DXF/DWG ca CAD trong c c AutoCAD 2000. V bn trong h thng CAD ca Simlpe Outdoor. T ng to ra h thng ti u dng cc tiu ch thit k ca ngi thit k. Tnh khong cch gia cc im t b n, c th che cc im m ta khng mun cho vo trong tnh ton. Thc hin nhanh cc tnh ton theo phng php im - im. Sa li tnh ton mi khi c thay i dng nt Auto Recalc. t bng tay cc b n dng Luminaire Iso-Templates. Cung cp bo co dng chuyn nghip gm cc bn v, nh c bng v cc ng ng mc. Nhng c im ca Simply Lighting thit k chiu sng i l: To cu hnh i l vi cc ng cong mt cch d dng v nhanh chng. Dng phng php im - im tnh ri trn b mt ngang, chi ca ng, t s chi che ph che nhng on thng ca ng. Tnh khong cch ti u khi dng n 8 tiu ch thit k khc nhau p ng cc mc tiu v ri, chi ca ng v t s che ph chi. D dng bm theo cc tiu chun IES RP-8 v ch dn ca CIE. Tnh ngay ri khi cho bit s lng b n. So snh n 4 h thng chiu sng ng khc nhau cng mt lc. Thc hin so snh gi c mt cch n gin. Nhng c trng ca phn mm Simply Economics:

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Tnh nhanh thi gian hon vn v chi ph trong ton b cuc i ca h thng chiu sng s lp t. Xc nh kh nng ca d n trang b li. So snh n 4 h khc nhau xc nh hiu qu ca cc h. Xem cc th d c. Nhng c trng ca phn mm Simply Photometrics: Cho xem nhng thng tin quang trc chi tit ca b n chn bao gm c thng tin tng kt trong vng v cc bn v cng sng. To ra cc ng ng mc cho mt b n hoc cho c cu hnh ca ct n. Cho ra cc ng ng mc theo yu cu ca khch hng. In ra cc ng ng mc. chim ngng SIMPLY LIGHTING biu din xin hy kch chut vo y (sau chn tp c tn starts~1. dbd). AutoLUX AutoLUX l phn mm vit bi hng Independent Testing Laboratories, Inc. (3386 Longhorn Road, Boulder, CO 80302 USA) v s dng thit k cc h chiu sng ngoi tri. AutoLux

AutoLUX bao gm cc tp lnh thm vo phn mm AutoCAD tiu chun. Vi cc ci thin ca cc lnh ca AutoLUX AutoCAD tr thnh mt my chuyn dng thit k h thng chiu sng v sa cc bn v. s dng AutoLUX cn phi bit s dng cc phn thit k ca AutoCAD. Sau dng cc lnh ca AutoLUX s xc nh c cc im cn tnh. Cui cng dng cc lnh ca AutoLUX xc nh tnh cht v nh x cc b n. Kt qu tnh ton s hin ln mn hnh dng vn bn ca AutoCAD v cc ng ng mc. Dng cc lnh s li ca AutoCAD sa bn thit k ca h thng chiu sng theo yu cu, v cui cng ging nh AutoCAD cc bn copy cc tp kt qu s c thit lp.

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Phn mm yu cu my tnh ci AutoCAD 2000 + Windows 98/2000/NT. Nhng c trng ch yu ca AutoLUXx nh sau: Tp u vo v u ra khng cn c ui m rng .dxf, Mi iu chnh chn la thng qua cc hp i thoi ca Windows trc khi tin hnh tnh ton, Nhng vt chng ngi cho chiu sng c th biu din bi nhng mt 3 chiu sng mu, nhng mt trn nh ra, nhng ng v..v., V ng ng mc, Cc mu ng ng mc c th ko r bng chut, i vi cc b n: S dng cc k hiu ca b n c sn hoc theo khch hng, nh hng cha n thng qua cc to x, y, z, Nhn bn i xng cho chiu sng dng n pha, To i xng (cho trng hp khng phi chiu sng pha) thng qua lnh ca AutoCAD nh ARRAY, COPY, MIRROR, Tt cc b n trong mt khong thi gian, c cc tp quang trc c nh dng IES/CIBSE/CIE. LightCalc LightCalc (vit bi Michael De Luca CKD, ASID, NCIDQ distributed by ENVIRO-SYSTEMS, 11355 Canyon Park Drive Santee, CA 92071) c th c coi l phn mm quan trng nht s dng thit k chiu sng nh hng (th d nh chiu pha, chiu im, chiu dng n PAR, MR16 v..v.) da trn nh lut t l nghch bc hai. Ngi thit k ch cn nhp vo chiu cao ca phng v kch thc ca cc khong khng, sau chng trnh s cho ngay cng sng cn thit to ra ri cho trc.
LightCalc

Nhp vo gi tr gc ca chm tia sng ca n m ta cn s dng v LightCalc s to ra mt gc khng gian c chiu sng. i vi n hunh quang v hunh quang thu gn LightCalc s xc nh s lng n cn thit v khong cch lp t chng dng phng php Lumen.

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nh sng phn x t cc vt v mu sc trong phng s ng gp thm vo ri ca n. Mu trong phng cng ti th cng cn tng cng sut ca n cung cp mt ri cho trc. n gin ta ch cn kch chut chn mu sc tm thy trong phng v LightCalc s tnh h s phn x khp cc im v t ng iu chnh cng sng. Nu mu khng c chn th LightCalc s gi thit mt mu trung bnh thch hp. LightCalc xc nh mc chiu sng ng cho mi phng v mi hot ng bng vic kch chut ln phng (hoc bp, nh tm, cng s v..v.) hoc cc hot ng (may v, c sch, v v..v.). Nu ngi thit k xc nh c mu cn s dng trong phng LightCalc s iu chnh cc h s phn x v cho cc gi tr cng sng cho cc hot ng chung, cc hot ng c th v cc hot ng ngh thut. LitePro Trnh ng dng LitePro (hng Columbia Lighting Company, North America) l mt cng c v gi to ra mt thit k chiu sng sch s, chnh xc v d dng trong s dng. c nh dng chy trong mi trng Windows cu hnh lgch ca chng trnh lm cho cc cng c iu hng c mm do, t nhin v lm vic khng gp li. N cung cp nhiu cng c tin li, c kh nng hon mu v cho ra cc bn bo co bao gm c cc nh 3 chiu khin qu trnh thit k tr nn d dng hn. i vi ngi thit k chuyn nghip hoc ngi mi vo ngh nhng kh nng to ln ca LitePro lm tng hiu qu m vn gi c s n gin ca cc qu trnh thit k truyn thng. LitePro c nhng c im chnh sau: nh mu 3 chiu V tr v cch lp t ca cc b n c phn hi ngay trn bn thit k v tc ng n mc sng m khng cn n th tc th - sai.
LitePro desktop examples

Tnh ton cho chiu sng trong nh v ngoi tri Thc hin thit k cc h thng chiu sng trong nh v ngoi tri tnh n c ri trn b mt ngang v thng ng, n s tn ti ca tng v trn nh v cc mt phng nghing. Tp ra nhiu dng Cho php chn kiu ca bo co bao gm cc bn v tr, xp xp cc b n, cc khun mu ca cha n, cc ng ng mc v kt qu phn tch v kha cnh nng lng. Giao din kiu CAD C kh nng nhp v xut cc tp hai chiu vi ui DXF chuyn nh nhng t chng trnh CAD v LitePro.

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nh dng Windows Chng trnh c thit k cho Windows 95/98/NT, giao din cho bn thit k d xem v d truy xut n cc phn t ca d n.
Luxicon

Luxicon Luxicon l phn mm ca hng Cooper Lighting Inc. Luxicon cho php thit k hon ho h thng chiu sng trong nh v ngoi tri v l mt phn mm cho cc ng dng thit k cc h thng chiu sng phc tp. Phn cng ti thiu ca Luxicon: Windows 95/98, Math Co-processor, Pentium 200 MHz hoc nhanh hn, Ram 64MB, Cc ha SVGA, 4MB b nh Video, 180MB khong trng trn a cng. Luxicon c nhng c im sau: i vi h thng: Tch hp tc tng thch ca cc hp kch hot Windows 95/98, Giao din kiu Windows v CAD cung cp ha quen thuc v d s dng. Nhng hng dn trc tuyn gp phn lm tng hiu bit cn thiu. Dng cc cng c mnh ca CAD nh cc nh phi cnh v nh cng kch thc, m ca s, lm to nh, thay i phi tri, nhm li v lm ti thng tin. i vi n: C th vin hn 4.000 tp quang trc kiu IES cng vi kh nng nhp thm cc tp IES ca cc nh sn xut. Xc nh s lng cho php tnh t ng s lng n cn thit. C b xy dng d liu nh sn cho php xy dng v lu tr ngn hng ca cc b n. ha s phn b ca tng n, tng ct n ring r v nhng h tr khc trong d tnh v lp t. tnh kiu phn chia mng li: Khng hn ch kch thc ca mng li, s im tnh d trong nh hay ngoi tri.

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C khu vc thng k cho php xem kt qu tnh ton ti mt ch nh trc c hnh dng v kch thuc ty . To bn v trng en c bng cho mt mng li tnh ton ring r. C bn th gii nn vic xc nh kinh v v dng trong phn tch nh sng t nhin tr nn n gin bng vic tr v kch chut. i vi cc vt cn chiu sng: Chn cc vt nh cc bc ngn, bng v cc gh c a vo khng gian chiu sng ch bng vic kch chut. Mng li tnh ton c th t ln b mt ca mi vt cn. i vi cc tp in ra: To ra cc bn thit k c mu trung thc. To bn in c ln hoc theo khch hng cng vi logo ca h v cc thng tin ca d n. Cho bo co tng kt hoc chi tit. Nhng c im thm: C nt "wizards" kiu trong nh v ngoi tri tr gip cho qu trnh thit k: o chiu sng trong nh, o chiu sng k hiu ch dn, o chiu sng ng, o chiu sng mt tin. Nhp xut v chuyn i cc tp c ui DXF v DWG ca AutoCAD. To ra cc bn c trng sn phm xem, tm kim, ch gii v in ra. C nt undo tr li cc hot tnh trc. Hp cc tp thit k thnh mt tp, cho php nhiu ngi tham gia thit k cng mt lc. Olivia Olivia l chng trnh Phn tch nh sng cng bc, cng sng v ri theo phng thng ng vit bi hng RAYFORGE SERVICES A.B.N.97685617552, 31 Edith Avenue, Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005, AUSTRALIA. Chng trnh c chc nng xc nh tham s chiu sng ti cc im trong khng gian XYZ. Phn cng yu cu: IBM hoc my PC loi tng thch c Windows 95 or 98, Mn hnh loi VGA hoc tt hn,

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6 MB khng gian t do ca a cng, RAM 32MB ti thiu tt nht l 64MB. Nhng c im ca Olivia: Dng mi trng Windows d qun l d n. Dng chut. Tnh mi t hp ca cc tham s chiu sng sau trn mt mng li: ri trn b mt ngang, ri trn b mt thng ng vi mi nh hng theo chiu ngang, Cng sng chiu t mi n, Mc tng ngng cho mi im ca mng li, Nt xc nh chiu cao, gc nhn, gc che v chi, ri trn b mt, chi khuych tn hay chi ca b mt ng, la theo chun CIE 122 1994, chi khuych tn tnh cho cc h s phn x do ngi thit k nhp vo, chi ca b mt ng tnh theo cc d liu phn x ca b mt ng ca CIE cho cc im do ngi thit k nh trc, nh sng tha ca h thng chiu sng, D liu quang trc c thng t tp trong nh dng NAIES hoc CIE27 (t ng chn). Fiona Fiona l chng trnh Phn tch s cng v thng lng ca h thng chiu sng ngoi tri ca hng RAYFORGE SERVICES A.B.N. 97685617552, 31 Edith Avenue, Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005,AUSTRALIA. Fiona c sng ch chuyn dng xc nh thng lng v cng sng ca mi loi n chiu theo mi hng trong khng gian v cho mi nh hng ca b n. Yu cu phn cng: IBM hoc PC tng thch chy Windows 95 hoc 98, Mn hnh VGA hoc tt hn, 6 MB khng gian t do ca a cng, RAM 32MB ti thiu, tt nht l 64MB. Fiona c nhng c im sau: Mi trng Windows d dng qun l d n.

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Dng chut. Tnh: Cng sng cc i trong vng nh trc, Thng lng trong vng nh trc, Gi tr cc i ca cng sng ca phn b nh sng ca b n, Gc ca cng sng cc i ca phn b nh sng ca b n, Thng lng nh sng pht x ca phn b nh sng ca b n, T s nh sng pht ra ca phn b nh sng ca b n, Kch thc ca chm tia sng c gi tr nh hn gi tr cc i 2% trong phn b nh sng ca b n, Thng lng ca chm tia sng c gi tr nh hn gi tr cc i 2% trong phn b nh sng ca b n, T s nh sng tha theo chun AS1158 - 1997, ng cong phn b cng sng theo gc c th v trn mn hnh hoc in ra, Cng sng hin tng im hoc thnh ng ng mc, D liu quang trc c trc tip t tp c nh dng NAIES hoc CIE27 (t ng chn). nh dng NAIES nm 1986, 1991 v 1995 (chng c hng ca gc ngang thay i) c chn thch hp. xem Fiona biu din hy kch chut vo y

Visual Phn mm Visual (hng Lithonia Lighting Inc.) nhm mc ch thit k v in ra nhanh h thng chiu sng trong nh khi m ng nht ca ri trn b mt ngang l mc tiu ch yu. Thit k cho cc khng gian chiu sng hnh hp c lm nhanh tn t cng sc. C th dng chng trnh ny m hnh ha mt s hnh lang v li i trc v gia cn phng vi cc h s phn x ca b mt thch hp. Trc tuyn v trc gic, nhng iu ny cho php thit k v thay i cc h thng chiu sng nhanh v d hn nhiu so vi cc chng trnh c khin tit kim nhiu thi gian chy chng trnh v dnh nhiu thi gian cho thit k. Visual c lp trnh cho mi trng Microsoft Windows 95/98/ME/XP/2000/NT 4.0. Nhng yu cu ca h thng chy tt phn mm Visual c lit k di y: Microsoft Windows 95/98/ME/XP/2000/NT 4.0, Pentium Processor, 200 MHz ti thiu, 31 MB t do ti thiu trn a cng ci t chng trnh, thm 50 MB chy chng trnh,

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64 MB RAM ti thiu, tt nht l 128 MB RAM hoc hn, CD-ROM Drive, Mouse v cc thit b ch khc, My in hoc my v tng thch vi Windows. Di y l nhng c im chnh v hn ch ca Visual: Thc hin thit k h thng chiu sng t ng sau khi nhp ri, s lng n, khong cch gia cc n. Tnh ton, hin th v in ra cc gi tr ri ti cc im v ng cong ng mc, Cho php chnh sa bn thit k dng cng c ty xo, copy v dich chuyn, D liu quang trc c truy xut bng cc t kha (s Catalog, loi n v..v.), Cc b n c th t theo hng Bc Nam v ng Ty, C tr gip la chn trc tuyn ri theo chun IES, C tr gip trc tuyn xc nh h s mt mt, Hn ch ch dng cho cc khng gian m hnh hp trong nh, Ch dng mt loi n trong mt thi im, Mi b n ch c nh hng ging nhau theo hng B-N hay -T, Ch lm vic vi ri theo chiu nm ngang. Reality Reality (hng LightingReality Inc., Somerville House, Harborne Rd, Birmingham B15 3AA) l chng trnh thit k h thng chiu sng trong nh v ngoi tri. Nhng c im chnh: Chnh sa v hin th ngay bn ng mc khi nh v v dch chuyn cc phn t ca h, Nhp tp c ui .dxf files, Chn v dch cc phn t trn mn hnh, D dng ly cc d liu quang trc, Hin th nh phi cnh trong khng gian 3 chiu cng vi cc kt qu, Giao din thn thin, Hin th kt qu rt nhanh, Kt qu c kt bng cho php so snh nhanh, Khong tnh rng bao trm chun BS5489, H tr nh dng IES,INR & TM14, C th dng gin gc, nh v tp tin d kiu khi la chn cc phn t ca h thng, Nhiu kiu nh v cha n v nh hng gc ca chm sng, Thit k chiu sng ng ua xe mt c nhiu khc cua, To bn in bo co cht lng cao trnh by,

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Chng VI. Thit k chiu sng

In th v lp bo co theo khch hng. VI.3.1 PHN MM TRONG MI TRNG DOS LITES LITES c vit cung cp mi trng ha tin li cho thit k chiu sng cc trung tm thng mi. Mn hnh cho php quan st t trn xung di v ton b bn thit k v cho php dng phng php hc tng t thay i cc phn t ca h thng. Mn hnh, bn phm v cc cng c khc c hot tnh trn bng thc n chnh. Cc phn t ca bn thit k c t chc thnh cc nhm gi l d n. Mi d n bao gm mt loi c chng ca ng dng chiu sng gi l Model ca b mt s c chiu sng. Th d cc model dng trong cc ng dng chiu sng ng, khu vc, trong nh v khu th thao l cc model cho php ngi thit k xc nh kch thc, nh x, dng v cu to ca b mt c chiu sng. Model cho php nhiu kiu xp t cc ct n hoc kiu nh x cc b n. Mi mt d n c th c mt hay nhiu mng li. Mi mt mng li c th nh v trn b mt ca model v cho php tnh mt khu vc chiu sng c trng. Nhng phn ca mng li m khng ph ln b mt hoc khu vc c phn x c th nguyn hoc b ra khi cc php tnh ton. LITES i hi phn cng nh sau:

CPU 80286 hoc cao hn, DOS version 3.3 hoc cao hn, Mn hnh VGA, RAM 2MB hoc hn, B qun l b nh EMM386, 386/MAX, Qemm386 hoc cc b khc tng thch 100%. H tr chun qun l EMS, XMS, VCPI v DPMI v s s dng tt c b nh c th c khi lm vic trong ch bo v. 6 MB t do ca a cng ( trnh trn b nh, lu gi tp tm thi v..v.) Dng chut iu khin chc nng hin th.

SUPERLITE 2.0 SUPERLITE 2.0 l chng trnh phn tch chiu sng cng dng (ca Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. Building Technologies program Energy & Environment, Division

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Chng VI. Thit k chiu sng

Building 90-3111 Berkeley, CA 94720 USA) c vit d bo chnh xc chiu sng trong nh bi nh sng t nhin v nhn to. SUPERLITE cho php ngi dng m hnh ha mc nh sng t nhin cho mi iu kin ca mt tri v bu tri trong khng gian c ca s, c nh sng chiu t bu tri v cc h thng ca r khc. Mt c im mi ca phin bn 2.0 l kh nng tnh mc chiu sng nhn to thm vo d bo mc chiu sng t nhin. iu ny cho php m phng h thng phc hp. nh sng ban ngy v nh sng nhn to c th m hnh ha bit lp. Chng trnh tnh ri trn mi b mt trong nh, trn cc mt phng nh v mi v tr miu t b mt lm vic hoc nhng b mt khc m ngi thit k quan tm. SUPERLITE 2.0 c dnh cho cc nh nghin cu v thit k s dng, nhng ngi quan tm n cc phn tch chi tit phn b ri trong mt khng gian kin trc phc tp. SUPERLITE 2.0 lm vic trn IBM-PC ttrong mi trng DOS. Cn ti thiu 600 kB RAM v math coprocessor. Tp u vo c th vit dng word processor bt k. Tp ra c dng text, c th xem hoc in bng word processor. Mt s kh nng ca SUPERLITE 2.0: C th m hnh khng gian chiu sng phc tp nh cn phng hnh ch L, b mt hnh thang, cc bc chn trong phng v cc vt chng ngi chiu sng ngoi tri, Knh ca cas c th l knh trong, knh m hoc na trong na m, Vic tnh nh sng ban ngy c th thc hin cho mi iu kin ca bu tri, cho mi v tr ca mt tri v mi v tr a l ca khng gian chiu sng hoc dng d liu chiu sng ca ngi thit k. D liu v ri c th tnh cho cc im trn b mt chn trc, D liu ca cc cha n c th nhp vo di dng tp d liu v phn b cng sng. Mt s hn ch ca SUPERLITE 2.0: Mi s liu phn x b mt u coi l phn x khuych tn, Cc h thng ca tr nh ca chp lt v gin phn chiu nh sng khng th m hnh ha, Tp nhp v xut ch dng tp ASCII text, Hn ch v s lng b mt, ca s v cc giao im ca mt khng gian phc tp. ALADAN Chng trnh ALADAN ca GE Lighting Systems 3010 Spartanburg Hwy. Hendersonville, NC USA 28792 c th chy trong mi trng MS DOS hoc Windows. iu ny cho php d dng s dng b chng trnh cho php h tr nhanh cho nhng ai mun thit k h thng chiu sng. n gin nhp cc tham s ca bi ton quan tm, dn ra d liu quang trc v chn sn phm ca GE

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Lighting Systems l c th tnh gi c cc vt liu chi ph, thit k h thng, cc mc chiu sng v cc thng tin khc ca h thng. C th ng dng thit k h thng chiu sng trong nh, ngoi tri, cc khu vc th thao v..v. ALADAN yu cu phn cng: Pentium 133 MHz, RAM 16 MB, 1 GB HDD, Mn hnh SVGA, DOS 6.x hoc cao hn cng vi MS Windows hoc Windows 95.

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