Ncurses Programming Howto CN

NCURSES Programming HOWTO
1 105
PDF "pdfFactory Pro" www.fineprint.com.cn
Pradeep Padala
The Linux Documentation Projecthttp://www.tldp.org/
2003 3 23
Byron
E-mailbyronm@sina.com
Linux Open Source Linux

NCURSES-HOWTO
NCURSES CURSES New CURSES
C/C++ C/C++
NCURSES NCURSES
NCURSES HOWTO The Linux

Documentation Project NCURSES
NCURSES NCURESE Unix
NCURSES
http://www.cise.ufl.edu/~ppadala/ncurses/NCURSES_HOWTO/
p_padala@yahoo.com
http://poet.cosoft.org.cn/index.htm
byronm@sina.com
Byronbyronm@sina.com
1-151920
Simon Zhansimonzhan@21cn.com
DreamXSTxstsky@163.com 16-18 HTML
Simon Zhan DreamXST
Posuring
ciziLi Yewangiceiceice Candy
2 105

Pradeep Padala
p_padala@yahoo.com
V1.7.1 2002 6 25
1.7.1
2002 6 25
README
PPadala
1.7
2002 6 25
PPadala
1.6.1
2002 2 24
Changelog Makefile
PPadala
1.6
2002 2 16
ACS
PPadala
1.5
2002 1 05
TOC
PPadala
1.3.1
2001 7 26
PPadala
1.3
2001 7 24
PPadala
LDP GPL
printw printw_example
1.2
2001 6 5
PPadala
ravi Just For Fun
1.1
2001 5 22
PPadala
a word about window scanw
scanw_example
NCURSES
NCURSES Hello, World!
NCURSES
NCURSES NCURSES NCURSES
http://www.cise.ufl.edu/~ppadala/ncurses/NCURSES_HOWTO/
mailto:p_padala@yahoo.com
3 105

HOWTO Pradeep Padalap_padala@yahoo.com
Copyright (c) 2001 by Pradeep Padala. This document may be distributed under the terms
set forth in the LDP license at linuxdoc.org/COPYRIGHT.html.
This HOWTO is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
terms of the LDP license. This document is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but without any warranty, without even the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness
for a particular purpose. See the LDP license for more details.

HOWTO Byron LDP
,
byronm@sina.com
4 105
NCURSES
1
escape sequence
0x1B ESC
echo "^[[0;31;40mIn Color"

^ [ ^[
^[ Ctrl+V
ESC In Color
echo "^[[0;37;40m"
UNIX
termcap termcap
terminfo
termcap termcap
terminfo
2NCURSES
terminfo
terminfo
CURSES
CURSES cursor optimization
CURSES
API
NCURSES System V Release 4.0 (SVr4) CURSES

5 105
CURSES
CURSES NCURSES
NCURSES Pavel Curtis Zeyd Ben-Halim <zmbenhal@netcom.com> Eric S.
Raymond <esr@snark.thyrsus.com> 1.8.1
Jrgen Pfeifer< juergen.pfeifer@gmx.net >
Ada95 Thomas
Dickey<dickey@herndon4.his.com> Jrgen Pfeifer NCURSES
Florian La Roche <florian@gnu.org> NCURSES GNU
NCURSES NCURSES
bug-ncurses@gnu.org
3NCURSES
NCURSES
Framework
MenuPanel Form CURSES CURSES
multiple windowsmenus
panelsformsscrollability
MenusForms
Panels NCURSES
NCURSES
NCURSES
4Where to get it
NCURSES
Linux NCURSES
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/ncurses/ncurses.tar.gz NCURSES
GNU FTP http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html
NCURSES 5.2 20001021. 5.4
NCURSES
README INSTALL NCURSES
NCURSES
tar zxvf ncurses<version>.tar.gz
#
cd ncurses<version>
#
./configure
#
make
# NCURSES
su root
# root
make install
# NCURSES
6 105
RPM
http://rpmfind.net NCURSES RPM root
5.2
rpm vih RPM
1.4 Purpose/Scope of the document

NCURSES sister libraries
NCURSES Hello, World!
NCURSES
NCURSES
1.5 About the Programs

tar.gz
http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/NCURSES-Programming-HOWTO/ncurses_programs.tar.gz
ncurses
|
|----> JustForFun
|----> basics
|----> demo
|
|
|
|----> exe
|----> forms
|----> menus
|----> panels
|----> Makefile
|----> README
|----> COPYING
-- just for fun

--
-- make
--------
form
menus
panels
Makefile
README
JustForFun
|
|----> hanoi.c
|----> life.c
|----> magic.c
|----> queens.c
|----> shuffle.c
|----> tt.c
basics
|
|----> acs_vars.c
-------
-- ACS
7 105
|----> hello_world.c
|----> init_func_example.c
|----> key_code.c
|----> mouse_menu.c
|----> other_border.c
|----> printw_example.c
|----> scanw_example.c
|----> simple_attr.c
|----> simple_color.c
|----> simple_key.c
|----> temp_leave.c
|----> win_border.c
|----> with_chgat.c
-- Hello, World!
--
--
--
-- box()
-- printw()
-- getstr()
-- C
--
--
-- CURSES
--
-- chgat()
forms
|
|----> form_attrib.c
|----> form_options.c
|----> form_simple.c
|----> form_win.c
-----
field
field
menus
|
|----> menu_attrib.c
|----> menu_item_data.c
|----> menu_multi_column.c
|----> menu_scroll.c
|----> menu_simple.c
|----> menu_toggle.c
|----> menu_userptr.c
|----> menu_win.c
---------
item_name()
REQ_TOGGLE_ITEM
panels
|
|----> panel_browse.c
|----> panel_hide.c
|----> panel_resize.c
|----> panel_simple.c
-----
tab
Makefile
demo/exec
README C
NCURSES
8 105
http://tldp.org/HOWTO/NCURSES-Programming-HOWTO/ncurses_programs/
GPLhttp://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.txt
1.6 (Other Formats of the document)

HOWTO tldp.org
1.6.1 tldp.org
Acrobat PDF
PostScript
HTML
HTML
1.7 Credits
Sharathsharath_1@usa.net Emre Akbas
Sharath Emre
printw() scanw()
Ravi Parimiparimi@ece.arizona.edu
Linux Solaris
1.8 Wish List

Padala
l form Padala
l
N.N.Ashok
l Debug _trace_tarcemouse
l NCURSES termcap tremios
l
l Miscellaneous features
1.9 Copyright
Copyright (c) 2001 by Pradeep Padala. This document may be distributed under the terms
set forth in the LDP license at linuxdoc.org/COPYRIGHT.html.
This HOWTO is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
terms of the LDP license. This document is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but without any warranty, without even the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness
for a particular purpose. See the LDP license for more details.
9 105
Hello World
NCURSES NCURSES
NCURSES
2.1 NCURSES
NCURSES ncurses.h C C++
#include <ncurses.h> NCURSES
NCURSES stdio.h
#include <ncurses.h>
: gcc <> -lncurses
1Hello World !!!

int main()
{
initscr();
/* NCURSES
*/
printw("Hello World !!!"); /* Hello, World!!!
refresh();
/*
getch();
/*
endwin();
/* NCURSES
*/
*/
*/
*/
return 0;
}
2.2
Hello World !!!
curses curses
2.2.1 initscr()
initscr() curses
NCURSES initscr()
curses
stdscr
initscr()
curses
10 105
2.2.2 refresh()
printw HelloWorld
printf()printw
stdscr0,00,0
refresh() printw Hello
Worldstdscr
printw()
stdscr
refresh curses
refresh
refresh
refresh()
2.2.3 endwin()
curses
endwin() curses
curses
endwin() curses
initscr() endwin()
11 105
CURSES CURSES
CURSES
12 105
initscr() CURSES
CURSES
terminal modecolor mode
mouse mode
4.1 raw() cbreak()
line buffering
CTRL-ZCTRL-C raw()
cbreak()
raw()
4.2 echo() noecho()
getch()
noecho() CTRL-C
echo()noecho()
4.3 keypad()
F1F2
keypad(stdscr,TURE)
stdscr
4.4 halfdelay()
halfdelay()
half-delay mode cbreak()
0.1
ERR halfdelay() 0.1
13 105
4.5
CURSES
CURSES
4.6
2.
int main()
{
int ch;
initscr();
raw();
keypad(stdscr, TRUE);
noecho();
/*
/*
/*
/*
curses
*/
*/
*/
getch() */
printw("Type any character to see it in bold\n");

ch = getch();
/* raw() enter */
if(ch == KEY_F(1)) /* keypad */
printw("F1 Key pressed");
/* noecho() */
else
{ printw("The pressed key is ");
attron(A_BOLD);
printw("%c", ch);
attroff(A_BOLD);
}
refresh();
/* */
getch();
/*
*/
endwin();
/* curses
*/
return 0;
}
getch()
getchar() getch
enter
attron() attroff()
14 105
CURSES windows
CURSES Windows
CURSES stdscr
80 25
printw(Hi! There!);
refresh();
stdscr Hi! There! refresh()
stdscr
win
w
wprintw(win, "Hi There !!!");

wrefresh(win);
printw(string);
mvprintw(y, x, string);
wprintw(win, string);
/* stdscr string */
/* string (y,x) */
/* win string */
mvwprintw(win, y, x, string);
/* win (y,x) string */
w stdscr
15 105
printw()
CURSES
CURSES curses
CURSES
addch()
printw() printf()
addstr()
6.1 addch()
addch()
CURSES
n ncurses.h
ch
BOLDUNDERLINE
addch(ch | A_BOLD | A_UNDERLINE);

n
attrset()attron()attroff()
attrset()
attroff()
CURSES
ncurses.h
ACS_
6.2. mvaddch(), waddch() mvwaddch()

mvaddch()
move(row,col);
/* row col */
addch(ch);
mvaddch(row,col,ch);
waddch() addch()waddch()
addch() stdscr
16 105
mvwaddch()
CURSES printf() puts()
6.3. printw()
printf()
6.3.1. printw() mvprintw()
printw() printf()mvprintw()
6.3.2wprintw() mvwprintw
stdscr
6.3.3. vwprintw()
vprintf()
6.3.4. printw()A Simple printw example
3 printw()
/* ncurses.h stdio.h */
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char mesg[]="Just a string";
int row,col;
/* */
/*
*/
initscr();
getmaxyx(stdscr,row,col);
/* curses */
/* stdscr */
mvprintw(row/2,(col-strlen(mesg))/2,"%s",mesg);
/* mesg*/
mvprintw(row-2,0,"This screen has %d rows and %d columns\n",row,col);
printw("Try resizing your window(if possible) and then run this program again");
refresh();
getch();
endwin();
return 0;
}
17 105
printw()
getmaxyx() ncurses.h
getmaxyx()
6.4. addstr()
addstr() addch()
mvaddstr()
mvwaddstr() waddstr() CURSES
mvaddstr() move() addstr()
addnstr()
addnstr()
6.5.
y x
x y
18 105
scanw()
getch()
scanw()
getstr()
7.1. getch()
cbreak()CURSES
cbreak() noecho()
cbeak() noecho()
7.2. scanw()
scanf()
7.2.1. scanw() mvscanw()

scanw() sscanf() scanw()
wgetstr() wgetstr() scanw()
wgetstr()
7.2.2. wscanw() mvwscanw()
7.2.3. vwscanw()vwscanw()
vprintf()
7.3. getstr()
getch()
19 105
7.4.
4 scanw()
/* ncurses.h stdio.h */
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char mesg[]="Enter a string: "; /* */
char str[80];
int row,col;
*/
initscr();
getmaxyx(stdscr,row,col);
/*
/* curses */
/* stdscr */
mvprintw(row/2,(col-strlen(mesg))/2,"%s",mesg);
/* mesg */
getstr(str);
/* str */
mvprintw(LINES - 2, 0, "You Entered: %s", str);

getch();
endwin();
return 0;
}
20 105
Attributes
C BOLD
5
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int ch, prev;
FILE *fp;
int goto_prev = FALSE, y, x;
if(argc != 2)
{ printf("Usage: %s <a c file name>\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
fp = fopen(argv[1], "r");
/* */
if(fp == NULL)
{ perror("Cannot open input file");
exit(1);
}
initscr();
/* CURSES */
prev = EOF;
while((ch = fgetc(fp)) != EOF)
{
if(prev == '/' && ch == '*') /* /*
*/
{
attron(A_BOLD);
/* /*
*/
goto_prev = TRUE;
}
if(goto_prev == TRUE)
/* /* */
{
getyx(stdscr, y, x);
move(y, x - 1);
printw("%c%c", '/', ch);
ch = 'a';
/* */
/*
goto_prev = FALSE;
/* */
*/
}
21 105
else printw("%c", ch);

refresh();
/* */
if(prev == '*' && ch == '/')
attroff(A_BOLD); /* */*/
prev = ch;
}
getch();
endwin();
/* Curses */
return 0;
}
while
/*
attron()*/
attroff()
getyx() move()getyx()
ncurses.h getyx()
move()
y x
8.1
attron()attroff() attrset()
sister functions attr_get()
attron() attroff()onoff
CURSES.h
A_NORMAL
()
A_STANDOUT
A_UNDERLINE
A_REVERSE
A_BLINK
A_DIM
A_BOLD
A_PROTECT
A_INVIS
22 105
A_ALTCHARSET
A_CHARTEXT
COLOR_PAIR(n)
lst01.c A_NORMALA_BLINK
A_DIMA_INVISA_BOLDA_STANDOUT A_REVERSE A_STANDOUT
A_REVERSE
E-mail
|
attron(A_REVERSE | A_BLINK);
8.2 attron() attrset()

attron() attrset()attrset()
attron() attrset()
standend()
attrset(A_NORMAL)
8.3 attr_get()
attr_get()
attrset() attron()
8.4 attr_
attr_attr_set()attr_on()
8.5 wattr_ wattr functions

stdscr
8.6 chgat()
23 105
chgar() curs_attr man_page
-1
chgat(-1, A_REVERSE, 0, NULL);
wchgat(), mvchgat() chgat()

wchgat()mvchgat()
chgat() stdscr w
stdscr
mvchgat()
{
initscr();
/* curses */
start_color();
/* */
init_pair(1, COLOR_CYAN, COLOR_BLACK);
printw("A Big string which i didn't care to type fully ");
mvchgat(0, 0, -1, A_BLINK, 1, NULL);
/*
*
*-1
*
* init_pair()
*
* NULL
*/
refresh();
getch();
endwin();
/* curses */
return 0;
}
24 105
Window CURSES
stdscr
GUI
9.1
newwin()
CURSES
newwin()
wprintw() delwin()
9.2
box()
7
WINDOW *create_newwin(int height, int width, int starty, int startx);
void destroy_win(WINDOW *local_win);
{ WINDOW *my_win;
int startx, starty, width, height;
int ch;
initscr();
cbreak();
/* curses
*/
/* */
/* F1
*/
height = 3;
width = 10;
25 105
starty = (LINES - height) / 2;

startx = (COLS - width) / 2;
/* */
/* */
printw("Press F1 to exit");
refresh();
my_win = create_newwin(height, width, starty, startx);
while((ch = getch()) != KEY_F(1))
{ switch(ch)
{ case KEY_LEFT:
destroy_win(my_win);
my_win = create_newwin(height,
break;
case KEY_RIGHT:
break;
case KEY_UP:
break;
case KEY_DOWN:
break;
}
}
endwin();
/* curses
width, starty,--startx);
width, starty,++startx);
width, --starty,startx);
width, ++starty,startx);
*/
return 0;
}
WINDOW *create_newwin(int height, int width, int starty, int startx)
{
WINDOW *local_win;
local_win = newwin(height, width, starty, startx);
box(local_win, 0 , 0);
/* 0, 0 */
wrefresh(local_win);
/* box
*/
return local_win;
}
void destroy_win(WINDOW *local_win)
{/
* box(local_win, ' ', ' ');
*/
26 105
wborder(local_win, ' ', ' ', ' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ');
/* 9.3
* 1. win:
* 2. ls:
* 3. rs:
* 4. ts:
* 5. bs:
* 6. tl:
* 7. tr:
* 8. bl:
* 9. br:
*/
wrefresh(local_win);
delwin(local_win);
}
9.3
creat_newwin() newwin() box()

destory_win()
delwin(),startx starty
destory_win() wborder box

wborder()
wborader()
wborder(win, '|', '|', '-', '-', '+', '+', '+', '+');
+-----------------------+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+-----------------------+
27 105
9.4
COLS LINES initscr()
getch()
9.5
mvhline() mvvline()
8
typedef struct _win_border_struct {
chtype ls, rs, ts, bs,
tl, tr, bl, br;
}WIN_BORDER;
typedef struct _WIN_struct {
int startx, starty;
int height, width;
WIN_BORDER border;
}WIN;
void init_win_params(WIN *p_win);
void print_win_params(WIN *p_win);
void create_box(WIN *win, int bool);
{ WIN win;
int ch;
initscr();
/* curses
start_color();
/*
cbreak();
/*
/* F1
*/
*/
*/
*/
noecho();
28 105
/* */
init_win_params(&win);
print_win_params(&win);
attron(COLOR_PAIR(1));
printw("Press F1 to exit");
refresh();
attroff(COLOR_PAIR(1));
create_box(&win, TRUE);
{ switch(ch)
{ case KEY_LEFT:
create_box(&win, FALSE);
--win.startx;
break;
case KEY_RIGHT:
++win.startx;
break;
case KEY_UP:
--win.starty;
break;
case KEY_DOWN:
++win.starty;
break;
}
}
endwin();
/* curses
*/
return 0;
}
void init_win_params(WIN *p_win)
{
p_win->height = 3;
p_win->width = 10;
p_win->starty = (LINES - p_win->height)/2;
p_win->startx = (COLS - p_win->width)/2;
29 105
p_win->border.ls = '|';
p_win->border.rs = '|';
p_win->border.ts = '-';
p_win->border.bs = '-';
p_win->border.tl = '+';
p_win->border.tr = '+';
p_win->border.bl = '+';
p_win->border.br = '+';
}
void print_win_params(WIN *p_win)
{
#ifdef _DEBUG
mvprintw(25, 0, "%d %d %d %d", p_win->startx, p_win->starty,
p_win->width, p_win->height);
refresh();
#endif
}
void create_box(WIN *p_win, int bool)
{ int i, j;
int x, y, w, h;
x = p_win->startx;
y = p_win->starty;
w = p_win->width;
h = p_win->height;
if(bool == TRUE)
{ mvaddch(y, x, p_win->border.tl);
mvaddch(y, x + w, p_win->border.tr);
mvaddch(y + h, x, p_win->border.bl);
mvaddch(y + h, x + w, p_win->border.br);
mvhline(y, x + 1, p_win->border.ts, w - 1);
mvhline(y + h, x + 1, p_win->border.bs, w - 1);
mvvline(y + 1, x, p_win->border.ls, h - 1);
mvvline(y + 1, x + w, p_win->border.rs, h - 1);
}
else
for(j = y; j <= y + h; ++j)
for(i = x; i <= x + w; ++i)
mvaddch(j, i, ' ');
refresh();
}
30 105
10.1
CURSES
9
void print_in_middle(WINDOW *win, int starty, int startx, int width, char
*string);
{ initscr();
/* curses */
if(has_colors() == FALSE)
{ endwin();
printf("You terminal does not support color\n");
exit(1);
}
start_color();
/* color */
init_pair(1, COLOR_RED, COLOR_BLACK);
print_in_middle(stdscr, LINES / 2, 0, 0, "Viola !!! In color ...");
getch();
endwin();
}
*string)
{ int length, x, y;
float temp;
if(win == NULL)
win = stdscr;
getyx(win, y, x);
if(startx != 0)
x = startx;
if(starty != 0)
y = starty;
if(width == 0)
width = 80;
length = strlen(string);
temp = (width - length)/ 2;
31 105
x = startx + (int)temp;
mvwprintw(win, y, x, "%s", string);
refresh();
}
start_color()
has_colors()
FLASE
start_color()CURSES
COLOR_BLACK
init_pairs()
COLOR_PAIR()
dailog
dailog shell
curses.h
COLOR_BLACK
0
COLOR_RED
1
COLOR_GREEN
2
COLOR_YELLOW
3
COLOR_BLUE
4
COLOR_MAGENTA
5
COLOR_CYAN
6
,
COLOR_WHITE
7
10.2
init_color() RGB
init_color()
init_color(COLOR_RED, 700, 0, 0);
/* 1
:
* 2, 3, 4 : R(red),G(green),B(blue)0
1000*/
ERRcan_change_color()
RGB 0 1000
(RED) R1000G0B0
10.3 Color Content

color_content() pair_content() pair
32 105
11.1
GUI
CURSES
getch()
cbreak
getch()
curses.h
F1 265 curses.h KEY_F()
getch()
int ch;
ch = getch();
getch()
curses.h
if(ch == KEY_LEFT)
printw("Left arrow is pressed\n");
11.2.
10
#include <stdio.h>
#define WIDTH 30
#define HEIGHT 10
33 105
int startx = 0;
int starty = 0;
char *choices[] = {
"Choice 1",
"Choice 2",
"Choice 3",
"Choice 4",
"Exit",
};
int n_choices = sizeof(choices) / sizeof(char *);
void print_menu(WINDOW *menu_win, int highlight);
int main()
{ WINDOW *menu_win;
int highlight = 1;
int choice = 0;
int c;
initscr();
clear();
noecho();
cbreak();
/* */
startx = (80 - WIDTH) / 2;

starty = (24 - HEIGHT) / 2;
menu_win = newwin(HEIGHT, WIDTH, starty, startx);
keypad(menu_win, TRUE);
mvprintw(0, 0,"Use arrow keys to go up and down, Press enter to select a
choice");
refresh();
print_menu(menu_win, highlight);
while(1)
{ c = wgetch(menu_win);
switch(c)
{ case KEY_UP:
if(highlight == 1)
highlight = n_choices;
else
--highlight;
break;
case KEY_DOWN:
if(highlight == n_choices)
highlight = 1;
else
34 105
++highlight;
break;
case 10:
choice = highlight;
break;
default:
mvprintw(24, 0, "Charcter pressed is = %3d Hopefully it can be printed
as '%c'", c, c);
refresh();
break;
}
print_menu(menu_win, highlight);
if(choice != 0) /**/
break;
}
mvprintw(23, 0, "You chose choice %d with choice string %s\n", choice,
choices[choice - 1]);
clrtoeol();
refresh();
endwin();
return 0;
}
void print_menu(WINDOW *menu_win, int highlight)
{
int x, y, i;
x = 2;
y = 2;
box(menu_win, 0, 0);
for(i = 0; i < n_choices; ++i)
{ if(highlight == i + 1)
/* */
{
wattron(menu_win, A_REVERSE);
mvwprintw(menu_win, y, x, "%s", choices[i]);
wattroff(menu_win, A_REVERSE);
}
else
++y;
}
wrefresh(menu_win);
}
35 105
121 The Basics

, mousemask( ).
mousemask( mmask_t newmask, /* */
mmask_t *oldmask ) /* */
,
ALL_MOUSE_EVENTS
NCURSES
1
BUTTON1_PRESSED
1
BUTTON1_RELEASED
1
BUTTON1_CLICKED
1
BUTTON1_DOUBLE_CLICKED
1
BUTTON1_TRIPLE_CLICKED
1
BUTTON2_PRESSED
2
BUTTON2_RELEASED
2
BUTTON2_CLICKED
2
2
2
BUTTON3_PRESSED
3
BUTTON3_RELEASED
3
BUTTON3_CLICKED
3
3
3
BUTTON4_PRESSED
4
BUTTON4_RELEASED
4
BUTTON4_CLICKED
4
4
4
BUTTON_SHIFT
Shift
BUTTON_CTRL
Ctrl
BUTTON_ALT
Alt
ALL_MOUSE_EVENTS
REPORT_MOUSE_POSITION
36 105
122 Getting the events

getch()
KEY_MOUSE getmouse()
MEVENT event;
ch = getch();
if(ch == KEY_MOUSE)
if(getmouse(&event) == OK)
{
.
/* */
}
getmouse()
typedef struct
{
short id;
int x, y, z;
mmask_t bstate;
}
/* ID */
/* */
/* */
Bstate
if(event.bstate & BUTTON1_PRESSED)

printw("Left Button Pressed");
123
11
#define WIDTH 30
#define HEIGHT 10
int startx = 0;
int starty = 0;
char *choices[] = {
"Choice 1",
37 105
"Choice 2",
"Choice 3",
"Choice 4",
"Exit",
};
int n_choices = sizeof(choices) / sizeof(char *);
void print_menu(WINDOW *menu_win, int highlight);
void report_choice(int mouse_x, int mouse_y, int *p_choice);
int main()
{ int c, choice = 0;
WINDOW *menu_win;
MEVENT event;
/* curses */
initscr();
clear();
noecho();
cbreak();
/* */
/* */
startx = (80 - WIDTH) / 2;
starty = (24 - HEIGHT) / 2;
attron(A_REVERSE);
mvprintw(23, 1, "Click on Exit to quit (Works best in a virtual console)");
refresh();
attroff(A_REVERSE);
/* */
menu_win = newwin(HEIGHT, WIDTH, starty, startx);
print_menu(menu_win, 1);
/* */
mousemask(ALL_MOUSE_EVENTS, NULL);
while(1)
{ c = wgetch(menu_win);
switch(c)
{ case KEY_MOUSE:
if(getmouse(&event) == OK)
{ /* */
if(event.bstate & BUTTON1_PRESSED)
38 105
report_choice(event.x + 1, event.y + 1, &choice);

if(choice == -1) /* */
goto end;
mvprintw(22, 1, "Choice made is : %d String Chosen is
\"%10s\"", choice, choices[choice - 1]);
refresh();
}
}
print_menu(menu_win, choice);
break;
}
}
end:
endwin();
return 0;
}
void print_menu(WINDOW *menu_win, int highlight)

{
int x, y, i;
x = 2;
y = 2;
box(menu_win, 0, 0);
{ if(highlight == i + 1)
{ wattron(menu_win, A_REVERSE);
wattroff(menu_win, A_REVERSE);
}
else
++y;
}
wrefresh(menu_win);
}
/* */
void report_choice(int mouse_x, int mouse_y, int *p_choice)
{ int i,j, choice;
i = startx + 2;
j = starty + 3;
39 105
for(choice = 0; choice < n_choices; ++choice)

if(mouse_y == j + choice && mouse_x >= i && mouse_x <= i +
strlen(choices[choice]))
{ if(choice == n_choices - 1)
*p_choice = -1;
else
*p_choice = choice + 1;
break;
}
}
124
mouse_trafo() wmouse_trafo()
curs_mouse(3X) man
mouseinterval()
40 105
131 getyx()
getyx()
getyx()
getyx(win, y, x);
/*
win:
*
y, x: y, x
*/
getparyx()
getparyx()
getbegyx() getmaxyx()
132
scr_dump()
scr_dump(const char *file)
scr_restore()scr_restore(const
char *file)
133
getwin()getwin(FILE * filep)
putwin()
putwin(WINDOW *win, FILE * filep)
copywin()
int copywin(
const WINDOW *src,
WINDOW *dst,
int sminrow,
int smincol,
/**/
/**/
/**/
/**/
41 105
int
int
int
int
int
dminrow,
dmincol,
dmaxrow,
dmaxcol,
over)
/**/
/**/
/**/
/**/
/**/
42 105
CURSES
141 curs_set()curs_set()
012
142 Curses Temporarily Leaving Curses mode

CURSES
def_prog_mode() tty
end_win() CURSES tty
reset_prog_mode() def_prog_mode()
refresh()
CURSES
12
int main()
{
initscr();
printw("Hello World !!!\n");
refresh();
def_prog_mode();
endwin();
system("/bin/sh");
reset_prog_mode();
refresh();
printw("Another String\n");
refresh();
endwin();
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
CURSES */
Hello World!!! */
*/
tty */
CURSES */
*/
def_prog_mode() tty */
refresh() */
CURSES */
*/
CURSES */
return 0;
}
143 ACS_ACS_ variables

DOS
NCURSES box()
ACS_ ACS Alternative
Character Set
43 105
13ACS
int main()
{
initscr();
printw("Upper left corner
printw("\n");
printw("Lower left corner
printw("Lower right corner
printw("\n");
printw("Tee pointing right
printw("Tee pointing left
printw("Tee pointing up
printw("Tee pointing down
printw("Horizontal line
printw("Vertical line
printw("Large Plus or cross over
printw("Scan Line 1
printw("Scan Line 3
printw("Scan Line 7
printw("Scan Line 9
printw("Diamond
printw("Checker board (stipple)
printw("Degree Symbol
printw("Plus/Minus Symbol
printw("Bullet
printw("Arrow Pointing Left
printw("Arrow Pointing Right
printw("Arrow Pointing Down
printw("Arrow Pointing Up
printw("Board of squares
printw("Lantern Symbol
printw("Solid Square Block
printw("Less/Equal sign
printw("Greater/Equal sign
printw("Pi
printw("Not equal
printw("UK pound sign
refresh();
getch();
endwin();
return 0;
}
");
addch(ACS_ULCORNER);
"); addch(ACS_LLCORNER); printw("\n");

");
addch(ACS_LRCORNER);
"); addch(ACS_LTEE); printw("\n");
"); addch(ACS_RTEE); printw("\n");
"); addch(ACS_BTEE); printw("\n");
"); addch(ACS_TTEE); printw("\n");
"); addch(ACS_HLINE); printw("\n");
"); addch(ACS_VLINE); printw("\n");
"); addch(ACS_PLUS); printw("\n");
"); addch(ACS_S1); printw("\n");
"); addch(ACS_DIAMOND); printw("\n");
"); addch(ACS_CKBOARD); printw("\n");
"); addch(ACS_DEGREE); printw("\n");
"); addch(ACS_PLMINUS); printw("\n");
"); addch(ACS_BULLET); printw("\n");
"); addch(ACS_LARROW); printw("\n");
"); addch(ACS_RARROW); printw("\n");
"); addch(ACS_DARROW); printw("\n");
"); addch(ACS_UARROW); printw("\n");
"); addch(ACS_BOARD); printw("\n");
"); addch(ACS_LANTERN); printw("\n");
"); addch(ACS_BLOCK); printw("\n");
"); addch(ACS_LEQUAL); printw("\n");
"); addch(ACS_GEQUAL); printw("\n");
"); addch(ACS_PI); printw("\n");
"); addch(ACS_NEQUAL); printw("\n");
"); addch(ACS_STERLING); printw("\n");
44 105
curses CURSE
panel
menuform
45 105
curses
Panel Library ncureses
Panels
panels wnoutrefresh()
doupdate()
16.1
refresh

1 newwin
2
new_panel()
3 update_panels() doupdate()
4 show_panel(), hide_panel(), move_panel()

panel_hidden() panel_window()
set_panel_userptr()
panel_userptr()
5 del_panel()
3
16.2
panel.h
46 105
-lpanel lncurses
#include <panel.h>
.
.
.
: gcc <program file> -lpanel lncurses
14
#include <panel.h>
int main()
{
WINDOW *my_wins[3];
PANEL *my_panels[3];
int lines = 10, cols = 40, y = 2, x = 4, i;
initscr();
cbreak();
noecho();
/* */
my_wins[0] = newwin(lines, cols, y, x);
my_wins[1] = newwin(lines, cols, y + 1, x + 5);
my_wins[2] = newwin(lines, cols, y + 2, x + 10);
/* */
for(i = 0; i < 3; +++i)
box(my_wins[i], 0, 0);
/* */
my_panels[0] = new_panel(my_wins[0]);/* 0 , :
stdscr-0 */
stdscr-0-1 */
stdscr-0-1-2 */
/* 2 */
update_panels();
/* */
doupdate();
getch();
endwin();
47 105
}
newwin()
new_panel()
panels update_panels() doupdate()
16.3
3 <TAB>
15
#include <panel.h>
#define NLINES 10
#define NCOLS 40
void init_wins(WINDOW **wins, int n);
void win_show(WINDOW *win, char *label, int label_color);
*string, chtype color);
int main()
{ WINDOW *my_wins[3];
PANEL *top;
int ch;
/* curses */
initscr();
start_color();
cbreak();
noecho();
/* */
init_pair(1,
init_pair(2,
init_pair(3,
init_pair(4,
COLOR_RED, COLOR_BLACK);
COLOR_GREEN, COLOR_BLACK);
COLOR_BLUE, COLOR_BLACK);
COLOR_CYAN, COLOR_BLACK);
init_wins(my_wins, 3);
/* */
my_panels[0] = new_panel(my_wins[0]);/* 0 : stdscr-0
48 105
*/
my_panels[1] = new_panel(my_wins[1]); /* 1 :
stdscr-0-1 */
stdscr-0-1-2 */
/* */
set_panel_userptr(my_panels[0], my_panels[1]);
/* 2 */
update_panels();
/* */
mvprintw(LINES - 2, 0, "Use tab to browse through the windows (F1 to Exit)");
doupdate();
top = my_panels[2];
{ switch(ch)
{ case 9:
top = (PANEL *)panel_userptr(top);
top_panel(top);
break;
}
update_panels();
doupdate();
}
endwin();
return 0;
}
/* */
void init_wins(WINDOW **wins, int n)
{ int x, y, i;
char label[80];
y = 2;
x = 10;
for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
{ wins[i] = newwin(NLINES, NCOLS, y, x);
49 105
sprintf(label, "Window Number %d", i + 1);

win_show(wins[i], label, i + 1);
y += 3;
x += 7;
}
}
/* */
void win_show(WINDOW *win, char *label, int label_color)
{ int startx, starty, height, width;
getbegyx(win, starty, startx);
getmaxyx(win, height, width);
box(win, 0, 0);
mvwaddch(win, 2, 0, ACS_LTEE);
mvwhline(win, 2, 1, ACS_HLINE, width - 2);
mvwaddch(win, 2, width - 1, ACS_RTEE);
print_in_middle(win, 1, 0, width, label, COLOR_PAIR(label_color));
}
*string, chtype color)
{ int length, x, y;
float temp;
if(win == NULL)
win = stdscr;
getyx(win, y, x);
if(startx != 0)
x = startx;
if(starty != 0)
y = starty;
if(width == 0)
width = 80;
wattron(win, color);
wattroff(win, color);
refresh();
50 105
16.4
set_panel_userptr() panel_userptr()
top_panel()
16.5
move_panel()
move_panel() mvwin()
replace_panel()
panel_window()
<TAB>
r m
16
#include <panel.h>
typedef struct _PANEL_DATA {
int x, y, w, h;
char label[80];
int label_color;
PANEL *next;
}PANEL_DATA;
#define NLINES 10
#define NCOLS 40
void set_user_ptrs(PANEL **panels, int n);
int main()
51 105
PANEL_DATA *top;
PANEL *stack_top;
WINDOW *temp_win, *old_win;
int ch;
int newx, newy, neww, newh;
int size = FALSE, move = FALSE;
/* curses */
initscr();
start_color();
cbreak();
noecho();
/* */
init_pair(1,
init_pair(2,
init_pair(3,
init_pair(4,
/* 2 */
stdscr-0 */
stdscr-0-1 */
my_panels[2] = new_panel(my_wins[2]); /* 2 , :
stdscr-0-1-2 */
set_user_ptrs(my_panels, 3);
/* 2 */
update_panels();
/* */
mvprintw(LINES - 3, 0, "Use 'm' for moving, 'r' for resizing");
mvprintw(LINES - 2, 0, "Use tab to browse through the windows (F1 to Exit)");
doupdate();
stack_top = my_panels[2];
top = (PANEL_DATA *)panel_userptr(stack_top);
52 105
newx = top->x;
newy = top->y;
neww = top->w;
newh = top->h;
{ switch(ch)
{ case 9:
/* Tab */
top_panel(top->next);
stack_top = top->next;
newx = top->x;
newy = top->y;
neww = top->w;
newh = top->h;
break;
case 'r': /* */
size = TRUE;
mvprintw(LINES - 4, 0, "Entered Resizing :Use Arrow Keys to
resize and press <ENTER> to end resizing");
refresh();
break;
case 'm':
/* */
mvprintw(LINES - 4, 0, "Entered Moving: Use Arrow Keys to
Move and press <ENTER> to end moving");
refresh();
move = TRUE;
break;
case KEY_LEFT:
if(size == TRUE)
{ --newx;
++neww;
}
if(move == TRUE)
--newx;
break;
case KEY_RIGHT:
if(size == TRUE)
{ ++newx;
--neww;
53 105
}
if(move == TRUE)
++newx;
break;
case KEY_UP:
if(size == TRUE)
{ --newy;
++newh;
}
if(move == TRUE)
--newy;
break;
case KEY_DOWN:
if(size == TRUE)
{ ++newy;
--newh;
}
if(move == TRUE)
++newy;
break;
case 10:
/* Enter */
move(LINES - 4, 0);
clrtoeol();
refresh();
if(size == TRUE)
{ old_win = panel_window(stack_top);
temp_win = newwin(newh, neww, newy, newx);
replace_panel(stack_top, temp_win);
win_show(temp_win, top->label, top->label_color);
delwin(old_win);
size = FALSE;
}
if(move == TRUE)
{ move_panel(stack_top, newy, newx);
move = FALSE;
}
break;
}
mvprintw(LINES - 3, 0, "Use 'm' for moving, 'r' for resizing");
mvprintw(LINES - 2, 0, "Use tab to browse through the windows (F1 to
Exit)");
54 105
refresh();
update_panels();
doupdate();
}
endwin();
return 0;
}
/* */
{ int x, y, i;
char label[80];
y = 2;
x = 10;
for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
y += 3;
x += 7;
}
}
/* PANEL_DATA */
void set_user_ptrs(PANEL **panels, int n)
{ PANEL_DATA *ptrs;
WINDOW *win;
int x, y, w, h, i;
char temp[80];
ptrs = (PANEL_DATA *)calloc(n, sizeof(PANEL_DATA));
for(i = 0;i < n; ++i)
{ win = panel_window(panels[i]);
getbegyx(win, y, x);
getmaxyx(win, h, w);
ptrs[i].x = x;
ptrs[i].y = y;
ptrs[i].w = w;
ptrs[i].h = h;
sprintf(temp, "Window Number %d", i + 1);
strcpy(ptrs[i].label, temp);
ptrs[i].label_color = i + 1;
55 105
if(i + 1 == n)
ptrs[i].next = panels[0];
else
ptrs[i].next = panels[i + 1];
set_panel_userptr(panels[i], &ptrs[i]);
}
}
/* */
box(win, 0, 0);
}
{ int length, x, y;
float temp;
if(win == NULL)
win = stdscr;
getyx(win, y, x);
if(startx != 0)
x = startx;
if(starty != 0)
y = starty;
if(width == 0)
width = 80;
refresh();
56 105
r
<ENTER>
m
<ENTER> panel()
PANEL_DATA
PANEL_DATA
16.6
hide_panel()
update_panels() doupdate()
show_panel()
a b c
panel_hidden Michael Andres

17
#include <panel.h>
typedef struct _PANEL_DATA {
int hide;
/* */
}PANEL_DATA;
#define NLINES 10
#define NCOLS 40
int main()
PANEL_DATA panel_datas[3];
PANEL_DATA *temp;
57 105
int ch;
/* curses */
initscr();
start_color();
cbreak();
noecho();
/* */
init_pair(1,
init_pair(2,
init_pair(3,
init_pair(4,
/* 2 */
my_panels[0] = new_panel(my_wins[0]); /* Push 0, order: stdscr-0 */
my_panels[1] = new_panel(my_wins[1]); /* Push 1, order: stdscr-0-1
*/
my_panels[2] = new_panel(my_wins[2]); /* Push 2, order: stdscr-0-1-2
*/
/* */
panel_datas[0].hide = FALSE;
set_panel_userptr(my_panels[0], &panel_datas[0]);
/* */
update_panels();
/* */
mvprintw(LINES - 3, 0, "Show or Hide a window with 'a'(first window)
'b'(Second Window) 'c'(Third Window)");
mvprintw(LINES - 2, 0, "F1 to Exit");
doupdate();
58 105

{ switch(ch)
{ case 'a':
temp = (PANEL_DATA *)panel_userptr(my_panels[0]);
if(temp->hide == FALSE)
{ hide_panel(my_panels[0]);
temp->hide = TRUE;
}
else
{ show_panel(my_panels[0]);
temp->hide = FALSE;
}
break;
case 'b':
temp->hide = TRUE;
}
else
temp->hide = FALSE;
}
break;
case 'c':
temp->hide = TRUE;
}
else
temp->hide = FALSE;
}
break;
}
update_panels();
doupdate();
}
endwin();
return 0;
}
59 105
/* */
{ int x, y, i;
char label[80];
y = 2;
x = 10;
for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
y += 3;
x += 7;
}
}
/* */
box(win, 0, 0);
}
{ int length, x, y;
float temp;
if(win == NULL)
win = stdscr;
getyx(win, y, x);
if(startx != 0)
x = startx;
if(starty != 0)
y = starty;
if(width == 0)
60 105
width = 80;
refresh();
}
16.7 panel_above() panel_below()

panel_above() panel_below()
NULL
61 105
Menu cureses
171
menu_driver()
1 curses
2 new_item()
3 new_menu()
4 menu_post()
5 menu_driver()
6 menu_unpost()
7 free_menu()
8 free_item()
9 curses
172
menu.h
-lmenu -lncurses
#include <menu.h>
.
.
.
: gcc <> -lmenu lncurses
18
#include <curses.h>
#include <menu.h>
#define ARRAY_SIZE(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]))
#define CTRLD
4
62 105
char *choices[] = {
"Choice
"Choice
"Choice
"Choice
"Exit",
1",
2",
3",
4",
};
int main()
{ ITEM **my_items;
int c;
MENU *my_menu;
int n_choices, i;
ITEM *cur_item;
initscr();
cbreak();
noecho();
n_choices = ARRAY_SIZE(choices);
my_items = (ITEM **)calloc(n_choices + 1, sizeof(ITEM *));
my_items[i] = new_item(choices[i], choices[i]);
my_items[n_choices] = (ITEM *)NULL;
my_menu = new_menu((ITEM **)my_items);
mvprintw(LINES - 2, 0, "F1 to Exit");
post_menu(my_menu);
refresh();
while((c = getch()) != KEY_F(1))
{ switch(c)
{ case KEY_DOWN:
menu_driver(my_menu, REQ_DOWN_ITEM);
break;
case KEY_UP:
menu_driver(my_menu, REQ_UP_ITEM);
break;
}
}
free_item(my_items[0]);
63 105
free_menu(my_menu);
endwin();
}
new_item()
new_menu()
menu_driver()
menu_driver()
ASCII
KEY_MOUSE
menu_driver()
REQ_LEFT_ITEM
REQ_RIGHT_ITEM
REQ_UP_ITEM
REQ_DOWN_ITEM
REQ_SCR_ULINE
REQ_SCR_DLINE
REQ_SCR_DPAGE
REQ_SCR_UPAGE
REQ_FIRST_ITEM
REQ_LAST_ITEM
REQ_NEXT_ITEM
REQ_PREV_ITEM
REQ_TOGGLE_ITEM
/
REQ_CLEAR_PATTERN
REQ_BACK_PATTERN
REQ_NEXT_MATCH
REQ_PREV_MATCH
REQ_UP_ITEM REQ_DOWN_ITEM menu_driver()

menu_driver()
17.3 Menu Driver

menu_driver
menu_driver()
KEY_MOUSE
REQ_LEFT_ITEM REQ_RIGHT_ITEM
menu_format()
menu drive
64 105
REQ_UP_ITEM REQ_DOWN_ITEM
menu_driver
menu_driver
REQ_SCR_*
REQ_SCR_ULINE, REQ_SCR_DLINE, REQ_SCR_DPAGE REQ_SCR_UPAGE
menu_driver //
REQ_FIRST_ITEM, REQ_LAST_ITEM, REQ_NEXT_ITEM REQ_PREV_ITEM
REQ_TOGGLE_ITEM
O_ONEVALUE set_menu_opts()
ASCII
menu_driver ASCII
REQ_CLEAR_PATTERN
REQ_BACK_PATTERN
REQ_NEXT_PATTERN REQ_PREV_PATTERN
/
man
KEY_MOUSE
REQ_SCR_ULINE
REQ_SCR_UPAGE REQ_FIRST_ITEM
REQ_SCR_DLINE REQ_SCR_DPAGE
REQ_LAST_ITEM
17.4
stdscr
65 105
19
#include <menu.h>
#define CTRLD
4
char *choices[] = {
"Choice 1",
"Choice 2",
"Choice 3",
"Choice 4",
"Exit",
(char *)NULL,
};
int main()
{ ITEM **my_items;
int c;
MENU *my_menu;
WINDOW *my_menu_win;
int n_choices, i;
/* curses */
initscr();
start_color();
cbreak();
noecho();
/* */
my_items = (ITEM **)calloc(n_choices, sizeof(ITEM *));
/* */
/* */
my_menu_win = newwin(10, 40, 4, 4);
keypad(my_menu_win, TRUE);
66 105
/* */
set_menu_win(my_menu, my_menu_win);
set_menu_sub(my_menu, derwin(my_menu_win, 6, 38, 3, 1));
/* " * " */
set_menu_mark(my_menu, " * ");
/* */
box(my_menu_win, 0, 0);
print_in_middle(my_menu_win, 1, 0, 40, "My Menu", COLOR_PAIR(1));
mvwaddch(my_menu_win, 2, 0, ACS_LTEE);
mvwhline(my_menu_win, 2, 1, ACS_HLINE, 38);
mvwaddch(my_menu_win, 2, 39, ACS_RTEE);
mvprintw(LINES - 2, 0, "F1 to exit");
refresh();
/* */
post_menu(my_menu);
wrefresh(my_menu_win);
while((c = wgetch(my_menu_win)) != KEY_F(1))
{
switch(c)
{ case KEY_DOWN:
break;
case KEY_UP:
break;
}
}
/* */
unpost_menu(my_menu);
free_menu(my_menu);
free_item(my_items[i]);
endwin();
}
{ int length, x, y;
67 105
float temp;
if(win == NULL)
win = stdscr;
getyx(win, y, x);
if(startx != 0)
x = startx;
if(starty != 0)
y = starty;
if(width == 0)
width = 80;
refresh();
}
set_menu_win()
set_menu_mark()
17.5
REQ_DOWN_ITEM
REQ_SCR_DLINE REQ_SCR_
20
#include <curses.h>
#include <menu.h>
#define CTRLD
4
char *choices[] = {
"Choice 1",
"Choice 2",
"Choice 3",
"Choice 4",
"Choice 5",
"Choice 6",
68 105
"Choice 7",
"Choice 8",
"Choice 9",
"Choice 10",
"Exit",
(char *)NULL,
};
int main()
{ ITEM **my_items;
int c;
MENU *my_menu;
int n_choices, i;
/* curses */
initscr();
start_color();
cbreak();
noecho();
/* */
/* */
/* */
/* */
set_menu_format(my_menu, 5, 1);
69 105
/* " * " */
/* */
print_in_middle(my_menu_win, 1, 0, 40, "My Menu", COLOR_PAIR(1));
mvwaddch(my_menu_win, 2, 0, ACS_LTEE);
mvwhline(my_menu_win, 2, 1, ACS_HLINE, 38);
mvwaddch(my_menu_win, 2, 39, ACS_RTEE);
/* */
post_menu(my_menu);
mvprintw(LINES - 2, 0, "Use PageUp and PageDown to scoll down or up a page of
items");
mvprintw(LINES - 1, 0, "Arrow Keys to navigate (F1 to Exit)");
refresh();
{
switch(c)
{ case KEY_DOWN:
break;
case KEY_UP:
break;
case KEY_NPAGE:
menu_driver(my_menu, REQ_SCR_DPAGE);
break;
case KEY_PPAGE:
menu_driver(my_menu, REQ_SCR_UPAGE);
break;
}
}
/* */
free_menu(my_menu);
endwin();
70 105
}
{ int length, x, y;
float temp;
if(win == NULL)
win = stdscr;
getyx(win, y, x);
if(startx != 0)
x = startx;
if(starty != 0)
y = starty;
if(width == 0)
width = 80;
refresh();
}
10
6 set_menu_format()
PAGE UP PAGE
DOWN REQ_SCR_UPAGE REQ_SCR_PATTERN menu_driver()
17.6
set_menu_format()
21
#include <curses.h>
#include <menu.h>
#define CTRLD
4
char *choices[] = {
"Choice 1", "Choice 2", "Choice 3", "Choice 4", "Choice 5",
71 105
"Exit",
(char *)NULL,
};
int main()
{ ITEM **my_items;
int c;
MENU *my_menu;
int n_choices, i;
/* curses */
initscr();
start_color();
cbreak();
noecho();
/* */
/* */
/* */
menu_opts_off(my_menu, O_SHOWDESC);
/* */
/* */
set_menu_format(my_menu, 5, 3);
72 105
/* */
mvprintw(LINES - 3, 0, "Use PageUp and PageDown to scroll");
mvprintw(LINES - 2, 0, "Use Arrow Keys to navigate (F1 to Exit)");
refresh();
/* */
post_menu(my_menu);
{
switch(c)
{ case KEY_DOWN:
break;
case KEY_UP:
break;
case KEY_LEFT:
menu_driver(my_menu, REQ_LEFT_ITEM);
break;
case KEY_RIGHT:
menu_driver(my_menu, REQ_RIGHT_ITEM);
break;
case KEY_NPAGE:
menu_driver(my_menu, REQ_SCR_DPAGE);
break;
case KEY_PPAGE:
menu_driver(my_menu, REQ_SCR_UPAGE);
break;
}
}
/* */
free_menu(my_menu);
endwin();
73 105
}
set_menu_format() 3 3
menu_opts_off()
set_menu_opts()menu_opts_on() menu_opts()
O_ONEVALUE
O_SHOWDESC
O_ROWMAJOR
O_IGNORECASE
O_SHOWMATCH
O_NONCYCLIC
menu_opts_on() menu_opts_off()
set_menu_opts()
OR menu_opts()
17.7
O_ONEVALUE
REQ_TOGGLE_ITEM
22
#include <curses.h>
#include <menu.h>
#define CTRLD
4
char *choices[] = {
"Choice 1",
"Choice 2",
"Choice 3",
"Choice 4",
74 105
"Choice 5",
"Choice 6",
"Choice 7",
"Exit",
};
int main()
{ ITEM **my_items;
int c;
MENU *my_menu;
int n_choices, i;
ITEM *cur_item;
/* curses */
initscr();
cbreak();
noecho();
/* */
/* */
menu_opts_off(my_menu, O_ONEVALUE);
mvprintw(LINES - 3, 0, "Use <SPACE> to select or unselect an item.");
mvprintw(LINES - 2, 0, "<ENTER> to see presently selected items(F1 to Exit)");
post_menu(my_menu);
refresh();
{
switch(c)
{ case KEY_DOWN:
break;
case KEY_UP:
break;
75 105
case ' ':

menu_driver(my_menu, REQ_TOGGLE_ITEM);
break;
case 10:
/* Enter */
{
char temp[200];
ITEM **items;
items = menu_items(my_menu);
temp[0] = '\0';
for(i = 0; i < item_count(my_menu); ++i)
if(item_value(items[i]) == TRUE)
{ strcat(temp, item_name(items[i]));
strcat(temp, " ");
}
move(20, 0);
clrtoeol();
mvprintw(20, 0, temp);
refresh();
}
break;
}
}
free_menu(my_menu);
endwin();
}
Woo REQ_TOGGLE_ITEM
REQ_TOGGLE_ITEM
REQ_TOGGLE_ITEM menu_driver
<ENTER> menu_items()
item_value() TRUE item_count()

item_name() item_description()
17.8
DOS set_menu_fore() set_menu_back()
set_menu_grey()
76 105
O_SELECTABLE item_opts_off()
23
#include <menu.h>
#define CTRLD
4
char *choices[] = {
"Choice
"Choice
"Choice
"Choice
"Choice
"Choice
"Choice
"Exit",
1",
2",
3",
4",
5",
6",
7",
};
int main()
{ ITEM **my_items;
int c;
MENU *my_menu;
int n_choices, i;
ITEM *cur_item;
/* curses */
initscr();
start_color();
cbreak();
noecho();
init_pair(2, COLOR_GREEN, COLOR_BLACK);
init_pair(3, COLOR_MAGENTA, COLOR_BLACK);
/* */
item_opts_off(my_items[3], O_SELECTABLE);
77 105
item_opts_off(my_items[6], O_SELECTABLE);
/* */
/* */
set_menu_fore(my_menu, COLOR_PAIR(1) | A_REVERSE);
set_menu_back(my_menu, COLOR_PAIR(2));
set_menu_grey(my_menu, COLOR_PAIR(3));
/* */
mvprintw(LINES - 3, 0, "Press <ENTER> to see the option selected");
mvprintw(LINES - 2, 0, "Up and Down arrow keys to naviage (F1 to Exit)");
post_menu(my_menu);
refresh();
{
switch(c)
{ case KEY_DOWN:
break;
case KEY_UP:
break;
case 10: /* Enter */
move(20, 0);
clrtoeol();
mvprintw(20, 0, "Item selected is : %s",
item_name(current_item(my_menu)));
pos_menu_cursor(my_menu);
break;
}
}
free_menu(my_menu);
endwin();
}
17.9
<ENTER>
78 105
24
#include <curses.h>
#include <menu.h>
#define CTRLD
4
char *choices[] = {
"Choice 1",
"Choice 2",
"Choice 3",
"Choice 4",
"Choice 5",
"Choice 6",
"Choice 7",
"Exit",
};
void func(char *name);
int main()
{ ITEM **my_items;
int c;
MENU *my_menu;
int n_choices, i;
ITEM *cur_item;
/* curses */
initscr();
start_color();
cbreak();
noecho();
init_pair(2, COLOR_GREEN, COLOR_BLACK);
init_pair(3, COLOR_MAGENTA, COLOR_BLACK);
/* */
{
/* */
set_item_userptr(my_items[i], func);
}
79 105

/* */
/* */
mvprintw(LINES - 3, 0, "Press <ENTER> to see the option selected");
mvprintw(LINES - 2, 0, "Up and Down arrow keys to naviage (F1 to Exit)");
post_menu(my_menu);
refresh();
{
switch(c)
{ case KEY_DOWN:
break;
case KEY_UP:
break;
case 10: /* Enter */
{
ITEM *cur;
void (*p)(char *);
cur = current_item(my_menu);
p = item_userptr(cur);
p((char *)item_name(cur));
pos_menu_cursor(my_menu);
break;
}
break;
}
}
free_menu(my_menu);
endwin();
}
void func(char *name)
{ move(20, 0);
clrtoeol();
mvprintw(20, 0, "Item selected is : %s", name);
}
80 105
ncurses Form Library
18.1.
new_field()
,

menu_driver() form_driver() form_driver()
curses
new_field()
new_form()
form_post()
form_driver()
form_unpost()
free_form()
curses
18.2
form.h
lform lncurses
#include <form.h>
.
.
.
81 105
: gcc <> -lform lncurses

25
#include <form.h>
int main()
{ FIELD *field[3];
FORM *my_form;
int ch;
/* curses */
initscr();
cbreak();
noecho();
/* */
field[0] = new_field(1, 10, 4, 18, 0, 0);
field[1] = new_field(1, 10, 6, 18, 0, 0);
field[2] = NULL;
/* */
set_field_back(field[0], A_UNDERLINE);
/* */
field_opts_off(field[0], O_AUTOSKIP);
/* */
/* */
my_form = new_form(field);
post_form(my_form);
refresh();
mvprintw(4, 10, "Value 1:");
refresh();
/* */
{ switch(ch)
{ case KEY_DOWN:
/* */
form_driver(my_form, REQ_NEXT_FIELD);
/* */
82 105
/* */
form_driver(my_form, REQ_END_LINE);
break;
case KEY_UP:
/* */
form_driver(my_form, REQ_PREV_FIELD);
break;
default:
/* , */
form_driver(my_form, ch);
break;
}
}
/* */
unpost_form(my_form);
free_form(my_form);
free_field(field[0]);
endwin();
return 0;
}
new_field()new_field()
new_field()
set_field_back() AUTOSKIP
field_opts_off()
form_driver()
while form_driver()
18.3
18.3.1
83 105
field_info()
new_field()
int field_info( FIELD *field,
/* */
int *height, *int width,
/* */
int *top, int *left,
/* y x */
int *offscreen,
/* */
int *nbuf);
/* */
18.3.2
move_field()
int move_field( FIELD *field,
/* */
int top, int left);
/* */
field_info()
18.3.3
set_field_just()
int set_field_just(FIELD *field,
/* */
int justmode);
/* */
int field_just(FIELD *field);
/* */
NO_JUSTIFICATIONJUSTIFY_RIGHTJUSTIFY_LEFT
JUSTIFY_CENTER
18.3.4
set_field_fore()
set_field_back()
set_field_pad()
field_fore()field_back()field_pad()
int set_field_fore(FIELD *field,

/* */
chtype attr);
/* */
chtype field_fore(FIELD *field);
/* */
/* */
int set_field_back(FIELD *field,

chtype attr);
/* */
/* */
chtype field_back(FIELD *field);
/* */
/* */
int set_field_pad(FIELD *field,
/* */
84 105
int pad);
chtype field_pad(FIELD *field);
/* */
/* */
/* */
set_field_fore()
set_field_for()
26
#include <form.h>
int main()
{ FIELD *field[3];
FORM *my_form;
int ch;
/* curses */
initscr();
start_color();
cbreak();
noecho();
/* */
init_pair(1, COLOR_WHITE, COLOR_BLUE);
init_pair(2, COLOR_WHITE, COLOR_BLUE);
/* */
field[0] = new_field(1, 10, 4, 18, 0, 0);
field[1] = new_field(1, 10, 6, 18, 0, 0);
field[2] = NULL;
/* */
set_field_fore(field[0], COLOR_PAIR(1)); /* */
set_field_back(field[0], COLOR_PAIR(2)); /*
*/
/* */
/* */
85 105
post_form(my_form);
refresh();
set_current_field(my_form, field[0]); /* */
mvprintw(LINES - 2, 0, "Use UP, DOWN arrow keys to switch between fields");
refresh();
/* */
{ switch(ch)
{ case KEY_DOWN:
/* */
/* */
/* */
break;
case KEY_UP:
/* */
break;
default:
/* */
break;
}
}
/* */
free_form(my_form);
endwin();
return 0;
}
86 105
set_field_back()cureses
18.3.5
int set_field_opts(FIELD *field,

/* */
int attr);
/* */
int field_opts_on(FIELD *field,
int attr);
/* */
/* */
int field_opts_off(FIELD *field,

int attr);
/* */
/* */
int field_opts(FIELD *field);
/* */
set_field_opts()
field_opts_on() field_opts_off() field_opts()
O_VISIBLE
O_ACTIVE
Tab
O_PUBLIC
O_PUBLIC
O_EDIT
REQ_PREV_CHOICE
REQ_NEXT_CHOICE
O_WRAP
O_BLANK
87 105
()
O_AUTOSKIP
O_NULLOK
O_PASSOK
O_PASSOK
O_STATIC
O_AUTOSKIP
27
#include <form.h>
#define STARTX 15
#define STARTY 4
#define WIDTH 25
#define N_FIELDS 3
int main()
{ FIELD *field[N_FIELDS];
FORM *my_form;
int ch, i;
/* curses */
initscr();
cbreak();
88 105
noecho();
/* */
for(i = 0; i < N_FIELDS - 1; ++i)
field[i] = new_field(1, WIDTH, STARTY + i * 2, STARTX, 0, 0);
field[N_FIELDS - 1] = NULL;
/* */
field_opts_off(field[0], O_ACTIVE);
field_opts_off(field[1], O_PUBLIC);
/* */
/* */
/* */
/* */
/* */
post_form(my_form);
refresh();
set_field_just(field[0], JUSTIFY_CENTER); /* */
set_field_buffer(field[0], 0, "This is a static Field "); /* */
mvprintw(STARTY, STARTX - 10, "Field 1:");
mvprintw(STARTY + 2, STARTX - 10, "Field 2:");
refresh();
/* */
{ switch(ch)
{ case KEY_DOWN:
/* */
/* */
/* */
break;
case KEY_UP:
/* */
break;
default:
/* */
89 105
break;
}
}
/* */
free_form(my_form);
endwin();
return 0;
}
O_PUBLIC
18.3.6
FALSE
TRUE
int set_field_status(FIELD *field,

/* */
int status);
/* */
int field_status(FIELD *field);
/* */
field_status()12
3Form Driver REQ_VALIDATION
18.3.7
int set_field_userptr(FIELD *field,

char *userptr);
char *field_userptr(FIELD *field);
/* */
/* */
18.3.8
90 105
O_STATIC
field_opts_off(field_pointer, O_STATIC);
int set_max_field(FIELD *field,

/* */
int max_growth);
/* */
int dynamic_field_info( FIELD *field, /* */

int *prows,
/* */
int *pcols,
/* */
int *pmax)
/* */
new_field()
O_STATIC
O_STATIC
1 O_STATIC
O_AUTOSKIP
O_AUTOSKIP Form Driver REQ_NEXT_FIELD
O_AUTOSKIP
2 O_STATIC set_field_just
JUSTIFY_LEFTJUSTIFY_RIGHTJUSTIFY_CENTER
set_field_just
field_jus
3 O_STATIC Form Driver
REQ_NEW_LINE O_NL_OVERLOAD
O_NL_OVERLOAD
REQ_NEW_LINE REQ_NEXT_FIELD
91 105
REQ_NEW_LINE REQ_NEXT_FIELD
O_NL_OVERLOAD
REQ_NEW_LINE
REQ_NEXT_FIELD
4 dup_field()
5 link_field()
O_STATIC
6 field_info() nrow new_field

dynamic_field_info
Form Driver
Form Driver
18.4
28
#include <form.h>
int main()
{
FIELD *field[3];
FORM *my_form;
WINDOW *my_form_win;
int ch, rows, cols;
/* curses */
initscr();
start_color();
cbreak();
92 105
noecho();
/* */
/* */
field[0] = new_field(1, 10, 6, 1, 0, 0);
field[1] = new_field(1, 10, 8, 1, 0, 0);
field[2] = NULL;
/* */
/* */
/* */
/* */
scale_form(my_form, &rows, &cols);
/* */
my_form_win = newwin(rows + 4, cols + 4, 4, 4);
keypad(my_form_win, TRUE);
/* */
set_form_win(my_form, my_form_win);
set_form_sub(my_form, derwin(my_form_win, rows, cols, 2, 2));
/* */
box(my_form_win, 0, 0);
print_in_middle(my_form_win, 1, 0, cols + 4, "My Form", COLOR_PAIR(1));
post_form(my_form);
wrefresh(my_form_win);
mvprintw(LINES - 2, 0, "Use UP, DOWN arrow keys to switch between fields");
refresh();
/* */
while((ch = wgetch(my_form_win)) != KEY_F(1))
{ switch(ch)
93 105
case KEY_DOWN:
/* */
/* */
/* */
break;
case KEY_UP:
/* */
break;
default:
/* */
break;
}
}
/* */
free_form(my_form);
endwin();
return 0;
}
{ int length, x, y;
float temp;
if(win == NULL)
win = stdscr;
getyx(win, y, x);
if(startx != 0)
x = startx;
if(starty != 0)
y = starty;
if(width == 0)
width = 80;
94 105

refresh();
}
18.5
int set_field_type(FIELD *field,

/* */
FIELDTYPE *ftype,
/* */
...);
/* */
FIELDTYPE *field_type(FIELD *field);

/* */
Form Driver
set_field_buffer
TYPE_ALPHA

/* */
TYPE_ ALPHA
/* */
int width);
/* */
width
TYPE_ALNUM

/* */
TYPE_ AKLUNM
/* */
int width);
/* */
95 105
width TYPE_ALPHA
0
TYPE_ENUM

/* */
TYPE_ENUM,
/* */
char **valuelist;
/* */
int checkcase;
/* */
int checkunique);
/* */
valuelist NULL checkcase
TYPE_ENUM
checkunique
REQ_NEXT_CHOICE REQ_PREV_CHOICE
TYPE_INTEGER

/* */
TYPE_INTEGER,
/* */
int padding,
/* 0 */
int vmin, int vmax);
/* */
0
C atoi3 TYPE_INTEGER
TYPE_NUMERIC

/* */
96 105
TYPE_NUMERIC,
int padding,
int vmin, int vmax);
/* */
/* */
/* */
0
C atoi3 TYPE_NUMERIC
TYPE_REGEXP

/* */
TYPE_REGEXP,
/* */
char *regexp);
/* */
regcomp(3)
18.6Form Driver
form_driver()
form_driver()
int form_driver(FORM *form,
/* */
int request)
/* */
form_driver()
18.6.1
set_new_page()
int set_new_page(FIELD *field,
/* */
bool new_page_flag);
/* TRUE */
REQ_NEXT_PAGE
REQ_PREV_PAGE
REQ_FIRST_PAGE
REQ_LAST_PAGE
97 105
REQ_NEXT_PAGE
REQ_PREV_PAGE
18.6.2
REQ_NEXT_FIELD
REQ_PREV_FIELD
REQ_FIRST_FIELD
REQ_LAST_FIELD
REQ_SNEXT_FIELD
REQ_SPREV_FIELD
REQ_SFIRST_FIELD
REQ_SLAST_FIELD
REQ_LEFT_FIELD
REQ_RIGHT_FIELD
REQ_UP_FIELD
REQ_DOWN_FIELD
REQ_NEXT_FIELD
REQ_PREV_FIELD
( REQ_FIRST_FIELD REQ_LAST_FIELD)
new_form() set_form_fields()
REQ_S
B B A C A B
C B REQ_MOVE_RIGHT A,B,C
A B B C
18.6.3
.
REQ_NEXT_CHAR
REQ_PREV_CHAR
REQ_NEXT_LINE
REQ_PREV_LINE
REQ_BEG_FIELD
REQ_END_FIELD
98 105
REQ_BEG_LINE
REQ_END_LINE
REQ_LEFT_CHAR
REQ_RIGHT_CHAR
REQ_UP_CHAR
REQ_DOWN_CHAR
18.6.4
REQ_SCR_FLINE
REQ_SCR_BLINE
REQ_SCR_FPAGE
REQ_SCR_BPAGE
REQ_SCR_FHPAGE
REQ_SCR_BHPAGE
REQ_SCR_FCHAR
REQ_SCR_BCHAR
REQ_SCR_HFLINE
REQ_SCR_HBLINE
REQ_SCR_HFHALF
REQ_SCR_HBHALF
18.6.5
ASCII Form Driver
REQ_INS_MODE
REQ_OVL_MODE
REQ_NEW_LINE
REQ_INS_CHAR
REQ_INS_LINE
REQ_DEL_CHAR
REQ_DEL_PREV
REQ_DEL_LINE
REQ_DEL_WORD
REQ_CLR_EOL
99 105
REQ_CLR_EOF
REQ_CLEAR_FIELD
REQ_NEW_LINE REQ_DEL_PREV
REQ_NEW_LINE
REQ_NEW_LINE
REQ_NEW_LINE
REQ_NEW_LINE
REQ_NEXT_FIELD O_NL_OVERLOAD
REQ_DEL_PREV
REQ_DEL_PREV
REQ_DEL_PREV REQ_PREV_FIELD
O_BS_OVERLOAD Form Driver
E_REQUEST_DENIED
18.6.6
REQ_NEXT_CHOICE
REQ_PREV_CHOICE
TYPE_ENUM
18.6.7
KEY_MAX MAX_COMMAND
form_driver()
100 105
CURSES
NCURSES
19.1. CDK (Curses Development Kit)
CDK CURSES Curses Development Kit 21

CURESES
CURSES
CDK http://www.vexus.ca/products/CDK/cdk.tar.gz
Poet http://poet.cosoft.org.cn/downloads/develop/cdk.tar.gz
tar
README
19.1.1.
CDK
Alphalist
Buttonbox
Calendar
Dialog
Entry
File Selector
CDK
CDK
Graph
Histogram
Item List
Label
Marquee
Matrix
Menu
Multiple Line Entry
101 105
Radio List
Scale
()
Scrolling List
Scrolling Window
Selection List
Slider
Scale
Template
Viewer
19.1.2.
CDK CURSES CDK CURSES
CDK
"</B/1>This line should have a yellow foreground and a blue background.<!1>"

newCDKLabel()
man
cdk_display(3X)
19.1.3.
CDK
19.2.
1994 9 Linux Jeff Tranter Linux Journal
102 105
Linux Unix
Unix dialog
shell
dialog
dialog
ibiblio linux archive.

dialog man dialog
Linux dialog
Linux dialog
dialog shell C
lobdialog libdialog dialog.h
19.3. Perl CURSES

Perl CURSES Curses::Form Curses::Widgets Perl Curses
Curses Perl CPAN Curses
Perl
perlmod man
widgets Perl
curses
man Curses(3)Curses::Form(3) Curses::Widgets(3)
103 105
JustForFun
ncurses
curses
20.1. (The Game of Life)

Paul Callahan
()
google
game of life
JustForFun/life.c
20.2. (Magic Square)
JustForFun/magic.c
20.3. (Towers of Hanoi)
20.4. Queens Puzzle

8
JustForFun/queens.c
20.5. Shuffle
104 105
JustForFun/shuffle.c
20.6 Typing Tutor
JustForFun/tt.c
105 105

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