Bi 1 : Diode Bn Dn

BI 1 : DIODE BN DN
MC CH TH NGHIM

Gip sinh vin bng thc nghim kho st :

1. c tuyn Volt - Ampre (V-A) ca cc loi diode (Si, Ge, Zener).
2. Kho st LED.
3. Mt s ng dng ca diode chnh lu :
Mch chnh lu bn k.
Mch chnh lu ton k dng 2 diode.
Mch chnh lu ton k dng 4 diode (chnh lu cu).
Mch lc
Mch nhn p
4. Mch n p s dng IC n th c in p ra c nh dng LM7805
5. Mch n p s dng IC n th c in p ra thay i dng LM317

THIT B S DNG

1. B th nghim ATS-11.
2. Module th nghim AM-01.
3. Dao ng k, ng h VOM v dy ni.

PHN I :

C S L THUYT

Phn ny nhm tm lc nhng vn l thuyt tht cn thit phc v cho bi th nghim v cc

cu hi chun b sinh vin phi c k v tr li trc nh.

I.1.

DIODE BN DN :
Anode

Cathode

A
Hnh 1-1

I.1.1

DIODE

Trng thi dn : Phn cc thun

A

DIODE

+
A

K
-

Ngn mch

DIODE

Diode l tng

0,6V (Si)

VD 0,5 - 0,6V (Si)

VD 02 - 0,3V (Ge)

Hnh 1-2

0,3V (Ge)

K
-

Bi 1 : Diode Bn Dn

I.1.2

Trng thi tt : Phn cc nghch

A DIODE
K
A

H mch

ID = 0

DIODE

Khi VD < 0,5V (Si), VD < 0,2V (Ge) : Diode tt

Hnh 1-3

DIODE ZENER

I.2.

ZENER

I.3.

Hnh 1-4

K hiu ca diode Zener nh hnh 1-4.

L diode Si c ch to c bit c c tnh :
Khi c phn cc thun diode Zener hot ng ging diode bnh thng.
Khi c phn cc nghch, lc u ch c dng in tht nh qua diode. Nhng
nu in p nghch tng n mt gi tr thch ng: Vngc = Vz (Vz : in p
Zener) th dng qua diode tng mnh, nhng hiu in th gia hai u diode
hu nh khng thay i, gi l hiu th Zener. c tnh ny khin diode Zener
rt thng dng trong cc mch n nh in p.

DIODE PHT QUANG (LED)

LED1

Hnh 1-5

K hiu LED c v hnh 1-5

L diode Si c ch to c bit c c tnh:

Diode hot ng ch dn khi phn cc thun (VD 0,7V), khi c dng ID ln
th LED pht sng, lc in p gia hai u LED (VLED) = 1,4 - 2V. LED c 3 mu
thng dng: , xanh, vng.

I.4.
I.4.1

MT S NG DNG C BN CA DIODE BN DN

Chnh lu :
V ni P-N ch dn in khi phn cc thun nn c dng chnh lu, ngha l
i dng in xoay chiu AC thnh dng mt chiu DC.
a.
Chnh lu bn k (Haft wave rectifier) :
220V

N1:N2

-220/220V

Vs

Vi

50. 0Hz

Vom =Vim-V
R

Hnh 1-6
in th mt chiu (hay in th trung bnh) trn ti :
V0 DC =

V
V
1

Vom sin tdt = om cos t 0 = om = 0.318Vom

2 0
2

Bi 1 : Diode Bn Dn

b .Chnh lu ton k (Full wave rectifier) :

b1. Chnh lu ton k dng 2 diode : (s dng bin th c im gia)
220V
-9/9V

N1:N2
Vi
Vs
Vi

50. 0Hz

D1

Vom =Vim-V
D2

Hnh 1-7
in th mt chiu (hay in th trung bnh) trn ti:

2V
2
V0 DC =
Vom sin tdt = om = 0.636Vom

2 0

2. Chnh lu ton k dng 4 diode: (Chnh lu cu)

Cng thc tnh VODC tng t mch chnh lu ton k dng 2 diode.
220V
-9/9V

BRIDGE

N1:N2

Vi

Vs

D4

D1

50. 0Hz

D3

D2

Vom =Vim-2V
R

Hnh 1-8
I.4.2
Mch chnh lu khi c t lc : Sau khi chnh lu, tn hiu DC ra kh nhp nh
nn ngi ta thng gn cc t lc lc nhng thnh phn nhp nh ny. Ngi ta thng
chn t C ln to tn hiu ra DC bng phng.
- 220/220V
-9/9V

D1

N1:N2

D2
50. 0Hz

Hnh 1-9

Vr,pp
Vom

in th trung bnh) V = V Vrpp

DC
om
2
V AC
1

in th mt chiu (hay
gn sng : k r =

V DC

.% =

4 fR L C

VDC

hay V DC =

4 fR L C
.Vom
1 + 4 fR L C

Bi 1 : Diode Bn Dn

PHN II :

TIN TRNH TH NGHIM

Sau khi hiu k nhng vn l thuyt c nhc li v nhn mnh PHN I, phn ny bao
gm trnh t cc bc phi tin hnh ti phng th nghim.
Nh vy, SV cn nhanh chng thc hin, mc mch, o c, hiu k v ghi nhn kt qu. Sau
mi bi th nghim, GV hng dn s kim tra v nh gi kt qu th nghim ca SV.

II.1. KHO ST C TUYN V-A CA DIODE Si

1. Mch th nghim : Mch A1-1
2. Cp ngun 0->15V cho mch A1-1 :
Ngun (0 ->15V) ni vi cht +Vcc,
GND ca ngun vi cht GND ca mch .

Hnh 1-1
II.1.1 Phn cc nghch D1 :
II.1.1.A.
S ni dy: Ngn mch mA-k : mA
Xc nh r chn Anode (A1) v chn Cathode (C1) ca diode D1. Mc mch
phn cc nghch D1 nh hnh 1-1: Ngn mch J2 v J4.
Bt cng tc ngun khi th nghim ATS - 11.
SV s dng ng h o in p (Lu : giai o thch hp)
II.1.1.B.
Cc bc th nghim :
Ln lt hiu chnh bin tr ngun c cc gi tr in p ngun cung cp Vcc
theo Bng A1-1, ghi nhn cc gi tr in p VD1 v tnh dng ID1 tng ng.
Bng A1-1
Thng s cn o

Vcc = 12V

Gi tr in p ngun VS (Volt)
Vcc = 10V Vcc = 8V
Vcc = 6V

Vcc = 4V

in p gia 2 u diode D1 : VD1 (V)

Dng qua diode D1 :
ID1 (mA)

(Ch , vi Si-Diode hin i, dng ngc c nA, nn c th khng o c bng cch

n gin.)
II.1.2 Phn cc thun D1 :
II.1.2.A.
S ni dy:

Bi 1 : Diode Bn Dn

Mc mch phn cc thun D1 nh hnh 1-1 : Ngn mch J1 v J3.

Bt in cng tc khi th nghim ATS - 11.
II.1.2.B.
Cc bc th nghim:
1. Chnh bin tr ngun c cc gi tr in p ngun Vcc theo Bng A1-2, ghi
nhn cc gi tr in p VD1 v tnh dng ID1 tng ng.
Bng A1-2
Gi tr in p ngun Vcc (Volt)

Thng s cn o

in p gia hai u D1 :
Dng qua diode ID1 (mA)

0,2
V

0,4
V

0,6
V

0,8
V

1V

2V

3V

4V

5V

VD1 (V)

2. Vi kt qu o c trn bng A1-1 v A1-2, hy v th biu din c trng

Volt-Ampere ca Si-Diode ID1 = f(VD1), trong dng ID1 biu din trn trc y v
VD1 trn trc x. T xc nh in p ngng dn V = . ca D1? (L
in p trn diode m lc c dng qua diode ID1 0.1mA)

II.2. KHO ST C TUYN V-A CA DIODE ZENER (Vn Mch A1-1)

II.2.1 Phn cc nghch diode Zener D3:
II.2.1.A.
S ni dy:
Mc mch phn nghch cho D3 nh hnh 1-1: Ngn mch J6 v J8.
II.2.1.B.
Cc bc th nghim:
Chnh bin tr ngun c cc gi tr in p ngun Vcc theo Bng A1-3, ghi
nhn cc gi tr p VD3 v tnh dng ID3 tng ng.
Bng A1-3
Thng s cn o

in p gia hai u D3 :
Dng qua diode D3 :

2V

3V

Gi tr in p ngun VCC (Volt)

4V
5V
6V
7V
8V
9V

10V

12V

VD3 (V)
ID3 (mA)

T xc nh in p n p ca D3 khi phn cc nghch Vz =

II.2.2 Phn cc thun diode Zener D3 :
II.2.1.A.
S ni dy:
Mc mch phn cc thun D3 nh hnh 1-1: Ngn mch J5 v J7.
II.1.2.B.
Cc bc th nghim:
1. Chnh bin tr ngun c cc gi tr in p ngun Vs theo Bng A1-4, ghi nhn
cc gi tr p VD3 v tnh dng ID3 tng ng.
Bng A1-4
Thng s cn o

in p gia hai u D3 :
Dng qua diode ID3 (mA)

Gi tr in p ngun Vcc (Volt)

0,2
V

0,4
V

0,6
V

0,8
V

1V

2V

3V

4V

5V

VD3 (V)

2. Vi kt qu o c trn bng A1-3 v A1-4, hy v th biu din c trng

Volt-Ampere ca Si-Zener ID3 = f(VD3), trong dng ID3 biu din trn trc y v
st th VD3 - trn trc x. T xc nh in p ngng dn V = . khi D3
phn cc thun?

Bi 1 : Diode Bn Dn

II.3. KHO ST LED (Vn Mch A1-1)

II.3.1 S ni dy:
Phn cc thun cho LED nh hnh 1-1 : Ni cht J9, cn cc catode ca LED
c ni t sn.
Bt in cng tc khi th nghim ATS - 11.
II.3.2 Cc bc th nghim :
1. Chnh bin tr ngun c cc trng thi LED theo Bng A1-5, ghi nhn cc gi
tr p Vled v dng Iled tng ng.
Bng A1-5
Trng thi LED
Thng s cn o
im bt u sng

im sng trung bnh

im sng r

Gi tr in p ngun VS (V)
in p gia hai u Led : Vled (V)
Dng qua LED :
Iled (mA)
2. Cn c kt qu ghi trong bng A1-5, cho bit khong dng Iled =
.
v th Vled = . s dng LED pht sng?

II.4. KHO ST MT S NG DNG CA DIODE CHNH LU : Mch A1-2

II.4.1 Mch chnh lu bn k :
II.4.1.A.
S ni dy:
Mc mch chnh lu bn k s dng 1 diode :
- Ni cht A cht 9V - AC SOURCE - ca thit b chnh ATS-11.
- Ni cht D cht 0V - AC SOURCE - ca thit b chnh ATS-11.
Ni cht JA ca mng A1-2 ly ti ng ra trn R1.
Bt cng tc ngun ca thit b chnh.

Hnh 1-2 : Mch chnh lu dng diode

Bi 1 : Diode Bn Dn

II.4.1.B.
Chun b dao ng k:
- Bt in dao ng k.
- t TIME/DIV v VOLT/DIV ca knh 1, knh 2 v tr thch hp.
- Kp GND ca dao ng k ti D (GND)
- Tia 1 o ti ng vo A.
- Tia 2 o ti ng ra T (trn R1).
II.4.1.C.
Cc bc th nghim:
1. V dng sng vo ti A v dng sng ra ti T trn cng th (Ghi ch y
)
Ch y : c bin ca tn hiu vo knh CH1 ch AC
tn hiu ng ra knh CH2 ch DC

2. o bin nh VA, VT v tn s fA, fT ca tn hiu ng vo A v ng ra T, ghi

kt qa vo bng A1-6 (Phn chnh lu bn k)
3. Dng ng h o in p (o DC) trn ti R1, ghi nhn vo bng A1-6 .
Chnh lu bn k
Ng vo A
Ng ra T
VA
fA
VT
fT
VDC

Chnh lu ton k 2 diode

Ng vo A
Ng ra T
VA
fA
VT
fT
VDC

Bng A1-6
Chnh lu cu
Ng vo A
Ng ra T
VC
fC
VT
fT
VDC

II.4.2 Mch chnh lu ton k dng 2 diode : Vn mch A1-2

II.4.2.A.
S ni dy:
Mc mch chnh lu ton k s dng 2 diode :
- Ni cht A cht 9V ca ngun AC SOURCE
- Ni cht B cht 9V cn li ca ngun AC SOURCE
- Ni cht D cht 0V ca ngun AC SOURCE
Ni cht JA ca mng A1-3 ly ti ng ra trn R1.
Bt cng tc ngun ca thit b chnh.
II.4.2.B.
Cc bc th nghim:
1. V dng sng ti 2 ng vo A, B v ng ra T trn cng th
Ch : c bin ca tn hiu vo AC, tn hiu ng ra DC.

Bi 1 : Diode Bn Dn

2. o bin nh VA, VT v tn s fA, fT ca tn hiu ng vo v ng ra, ghi kt qa

vo bng A1-6 (Phn chnh lu ton k 2 diode)
3. Dng ng h o in p (o DC) trn ti R1, ghi nhn vo bng A1-6 .
II.4.3 Mch chnh lu ton k dng 4 diode (Chnh lu cu) : Vn mch A1-2
II.4.3.A.
S ni dy:
Mc mch chnh lu ton k s dng 4 diode :
- Ni cht C cht 9V ca ngun AC SOURCE
- Ni cht E cht 0V ca ngun AC SOURCE
Ni JA, JB ly ti ng ra trn T.
II.4.3.B.
Chun b dao ng k:
Lu : ch s dng 1 knh quan st tn hiu vo v ra v im mass ng vo v
ng ra khc nhau. Khi quan st tn hiu vo th kp que o mass vi t ti ~0V, cn quan st
tn hiu ra th kp que o mass theo t li ra (GND) .
II.4.3.C.
Cc bc th nghim:
1. V dng sng vo C v ra T trn cng th (Ghi ch y )
Ch : c bin ca tn hiu vo (AC), tn hiu ng ra (DC)

Bi 1 : Diode Bn Dn

2. o bin nh VC, VT v tn s fC, fT ca tn hiu ng vo v ng ra, ghi kt qa

vo bng A1-6 (Phn chnh lu ton k 4 diode)
3. Dng ng h o in p (o DC) trn ti R1, ghi nhn vo bng A1-6 .
4. Da vo bng kt qa bng A1-6 cho bit u im ca mch chnh lu ton k
so vi bn k v gn sng, in p VDC ng ra?
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II.5. MCH LC NGUN (Vn Mch A1-2)

II.5.1 S ni dy :
Mc mch chnh lu ton k s dng 2 diode :
- Ni cht A cht 9V ca ngun AC SOURCE
- Ni cht B cht 9V cn li (i xng) ca ngun AC SOURCE
- Ni cht D ca mng A1-2 vi cht 0V ca ngun AC SOURCE
Bt cng tc ngun ca thit b chnh.
S dng dao ng k quan st tn hiu ti ng ra OUT trong tng kiu trong
bng A1-7.
Lu : Vi J = 1, ngha l ngn mch J
Cn J = 0, ngha l h mch.
Bng A1-7
Kiu
Ni dung
J1
J2
J3
J4
J5
J6
Vm
Vr,pp
VDC
1
Khng ti ra
1
0
1
0
0
0
2
C ti 2K
1
0
1
0
1
0
3
C ti 1K
1
0
1
0
0
1
4
Tng t lc
1
1
1
0
0
1
5
1
1
1
1
0
1
B lc hnh

Bi 1 : Diode Bn Dn

II.5.2 Cc bc th nghim:
1. o bin th mt chiu VDC v bin sng rng ca Vr,pp ghi kt qu vo
bng A1-7.
2. V dng sng ra ti OUT (VOUT) trn cng th cho tng kiu theo bng A1-7
(bng cc mu khc nhau).

3. C nhn xt g v gn sng, VDC khi tng t lc v ti?

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II.6. MCH NHN IN P : Mch A1-3

II.6.1 S ni dy :

Ni cht A ca mng A1-4 vi cht 9V

ca ngun AC SOURCE.
Ni cht B ca mng A1-4 vi cht 0V
ca ngun AC SOURCE.
Bt cng tc ngun ca thit b chnh.

II.6.2 Chun b dao ng k :

Bt in dao ng k.
Chn giai o thch hp o tn hiu ti A
v C.
Hnh 1-3: Mch nhn p

II.6.3 Cc bc th nghim :
1. V dng sng o ti A (VA), C (VC) trn cng th (Ghi ch y )
2. Dng ng h o in p ti ng vo A v ti ng ra C:
VA = ..
VC = .

Bi 1 : Diode Bn Dn

3. Gii thch v cc gi tr o c c t s hot ng ca mch

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II.7. MCH N P DNG LM7805 (Mch A1-4)

II.7.1 S ni dy :
Mch A1-2 : Mc mch chnh lu ton k s dng 2 diode :
- Ni cht A cht 9V ca ngun AC SOURCE
- Ni cht B cht 9V cn li (i xng) ca ngun AC SOURCE
- Ni cht D ca mng A1-2 vi cht 0V ca ngun AC SOURCE
- Ngn mch J1 v J3 s dng t C1 lc cho bt nhp nh
- Sau ly ng ra trn OUT ca mch A1-2 ni n ng vo IN ca mng mch
A 1-4.
Mch A1-4: Ngn mch J1 dng ti R1=100K
Bt cng tc ngun ca thit b chnh.
Dng ng h o in p (ch giai o thch hp).

Bi 1 : Diode Bn Dn

Hnh 1-4: Mch n p dng LM 7805

II.7.2 Cc bc th nghim:
1. Chnh bin tr P1 thay i in p vo ca 7805 (chn P) khongVi = 8,5V.
Xc nh Vo = , quan st dng sng ra.
2.
Thay i bin tr c cc gi tr in p nh bng A 1-8. o Vo ca 7805.
Bng A1-8
Thng s cn o

Gi tr in p Vin (Volt) ca 7805

10V

8V

7V

6V

5V

in p ra Vout (V)

3. Da vo bng kt qa A1-8, cho bit in p vo Vi = . th in p ra Vo

khng cn n nh na?
4. Chnh bin tr P1 thay i in p vo ca 7805 (chn P) khong Vi = 8,5V
5. Ngn mch J3 i ti R3 = 51/ 1W. Xc nh Vo = , quan st dng
sng ra. Nhn xt?

II.8. MCH N P DNG LM317 (Mch A1-5)

II.8.1 S ni dy : Vn ni mch A1-2 nh c
Mch A1-2 : Mc mch chnh lu ton k s dng 2 diode :
- Ni cht A cht 9V ca ngun AC SOURCE
- Ni cht B cht 9V cn li (i xng) ca ngun AC SOURCE
- Ni cht D ca mng A1-2 vi cht 0V ca ngun AC SOURCE
- Ngn mch J1 v J3 s dng t C1 lc cho bt nhp nh
- Sau ly ng ra trn OUT ca mch A1-2 ni n ng vo IN ca mng mch
A 1-5.
Bt cng tc ngun ca thit b chnh.
Dng ng h o in p (ch giai o thch hp).

Bi 1 : Diode Bn Dn

Hnh 1-5: Mch n p dng LM 317

II.7.2 Cc bc th nghim:
1. o in p vo ca LM 317 Vin = ..
2. Chnh bin tr ADJ P2 (Adjust) thay i in p ra ca LM317, ghi kt qu o
Vo ca LM 317.
Bng A1-9
Thng s cn o

Gi tr in p VADJ (Volt) ca LM317

in p ra Vout (V) ca LM317

3. Da vo bng kt qa A1- 8, vit cng thc tnh vo theo vi?

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