Version 002 Exam 3 mccord (51175) 1

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Multiple-choice questions may continue on
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mccord- ch302
12pm class only - 51175
A-K in WEL 1.308
L-Z in WCH 1.120
R = 8.314 J/mol K
R = 0.08206 L atm/mol K
F = 96485 C/mol e

Standand Potentials at 25

C E

F
2
+ 2 e

2 F

+2.87 V
Au
3+
+ 3 e

Au +1.40 V
Cl
2
+ 2 e

2 Cl

+1.36 V
Pt
2+
+ 2 e

Pt +1.20 V
Ag
+
+ e

Ag +0.80 V
Hg
2+
2
+ 2 e

2 Hg +0.79 V
Fe
3+
+ e

Fe
2+
+0.77 V
Cu
2+
+ 2 e

Cu +0.34 V
AgCl + e

Ag + Cl

+0.22 V
Sn
2+
+ 2 e

Sn +0.14 V
2 H
+
+ 2 e

H
2
0.000 V
Fe
2+
+ 2 e

Fe -0.44 V
Zn
2+
+ 2 e

Zn -0.76 V
Cr
2+
+ 2 e

Cr -0.91 V
V
2+
+ 2 e

V -1.19 V
Al
3+
+ 3 e

Al -1.68 V
Ce
4+
+ e

Ce
3+
-1.70 V
AlF
3
6
+ 3 e

Al + 6F

-2.07 V
Mg
2+
+ 2 e

Mg -2.36 V
Na
+
+ e

Na -2.71 V
001 10.0 points
Consider the half cell
Cr
3+
(aq) + 3 e

Cr(s)
E
0
= 0.74 volts,
where
_
Cr
3+

= 0.1 M. For this situation the

half-cell voltage E would be
1. 0.74 volts
2. 0.72 volts
3. 0.76 volts correct
4. 0.76 volts
5. 0.74 volts
Explanation:
002 10.0 points
Ag
+
is added to a solution of 0.0024 M Cl

and 0.0017 M SCN

. The AgSCN precipi-

tates rst (K
sp
= 1.0 10
12
), followed by
the AgCl (K
sp
= 1.8 10
10
). What per-
centage of the SCN

is still in solution (not

precipitated) when the AgCl just starts to
precipitate?
1. 0.703704
2. 0.798611
3. 0.992063
4. 0.784314
5. 1.01852
6. 0.679012
7. 1.26263
8. 1.06061
9. 0.555556
10. 0.771605
Correct answer: 0.784314%.
Explanation:
[Cl

] = 0.0024 M [SCN

] = 0.0017 M
K
sp AgSCN
= 1.0 10
12
K
sp AgCl
= 1.8 10
10
Version 002 Exam 3 mccord (51175) 2
The two relevant equilibria here are
AgCl(s)

Ag
+
+ Cl

K
sp
= [Ag
+
] [Cl

]
AgSCN(s)

Ag
+
+ SCN

K
sp
= [Ag
+
] [SCN

]
AgCl would precipitate when
K
sp
= [Ag
+
] [Cl

]
1.8 10
10
= [Ag
+
] (0.0024 M)
[Ag
+
] = 7.5 10
8
M.
This corresponds to a [SCN

] of
K
sp
= [Ag
+
] [SCN

]
1.0 10
12
= (7.5 10
8
M) [SCN

]
[SCN

] = 1.33333 10
5
M.
The percentage of [SCN

] still in solution is
1.33333 10
5
M
0.0017 M
(100 %) = 0.784314%.
003 10.0 points
For an electrolytic cell, which of the fol-
lowing must be negative?
I) E
o
cell
II) anode
III) cathode
1. III
2. I, II
3. II
4. I
5. II, III
6. I, III correct
7. I, II, III
Explanation:
By denition and by convention, the stan-
dard cell potential of an electrolytic cell is
less than zero, and the cathode is attributed
a negative sign.
004 10.0 points
A 0.20 M solution of Cu(NH
3
)
4
SO
4
is
mixed. At equilibrium, the copper(II) ion
is 9.2 10
4
mol/L. What is the dissociation
constant (K
d
) for the Cu(NH
3
)
2+
4
complex
ion?
1. 1.7 10
13
2. 5.3 10
14
3. 8.5 10
13
correct
4. 3.3 10
15
5. 9.2 10
10
Explanation:
The dissociation constant is
K
d
=
[Cu
2+
][NH
3
]
4
[Cu(NH
3
)
2+
4
]
The NH
3
concentration will be 4 that of
the Cu
2+
. Letting the [Cu
2+
]=x we get
K
d
=
x(4x)
4
.2 x
K
d
=
256x
5
.2 x
K
d
=
256(9.2 10
4
)
5
.2 9.2 10
4
K
d
= 8.475 10
13
005 10.0 points
Consider the K
sp
values for the following four
hypothetical salts made from various cations
(+1 through +4) and the anion, X

. Which
of these salts is the most soluble in water
according to mol/L.
1. CX
3
K
sp
= 4.32 10
14
correct
2. DX
4
K
sp
= 2.56 10
18
3. AX K
sp
= 1 10
8
4. BX
2
K
sp
= 4 10
12
Version 002 Exam 3 mccord (51175) 3
Explanation:
AX (K
sp
= x
2
), BX
2
(K
sp
= 4x
3
), and
DX
4
(K
sp
= 256x
5
) each give molar solubili-
ties (x) of 1 10
4
M.
Only the CX
3
(K
sp
= 27x
3
), has a molar
solubility (x) equal to 2 10
4
M, which is
twice all the others.
006 10.0 points
What would be the molar solubility of Cu
2
S
(K
sp
= 2 10
47
) in a 2 10
3
M solution
of CuNO
3
?
1. 1.7 10
16
2. 1.3 10
43
3. 5.0 10
42
correct
4. 1.0 10
44
Explanation:
molar solubility =
_
K
sp
[Cu
+
]
2
_
=
_
2 10
47
(2 10
3
)
2
_
= 5 10
42
007 10.0 points
What is the cathode in
Ag(s) | Ag
+
(aq) || Fe
2+
(aq) | Fe(s)
Ag
+
+ e

Ag E

red
= +0.80
Fe
2+
+ 2 e

Fe E

red
= 0.44
and what type cell is it?
1. Ag(s) | Ag
+
(aq); a battery
2. Fe
2+
(aq) | Fe(s); a battery
3. Not enough information is provided.
4. Fe
2+
(aq) | Fe(s); an electrolytic cell cor-
rect
5. Ag(s) | Ag
+
(aq); an electrolytic cell
Explanation:
The diagram A | B || C | D is read as follows:
A B +ne

(oxidation)
C +me

D (reduction)
Since reduction occurs at the cathode, the
cathode is Fe
2+
(aq) | Fe(s).
To determine the cell type, calculate E

cell:
2 Ag(s) 2 Ag
+
(aq) + 2 e

anode
= 0.80 V
Fe
2+
+ 2 e

Fe
E

cathode
= 0.44 V
2 Ag(s) + Fe
2+
2 Ag
+
(aq) + Fe
E

cell
= 1.24 V
Since E

cell is negative, the reaction is not

spontaneous; potential has to be applied to
the cell to enable this reaction to occur; i.e.,
an electrolytic cell.
008 10.0 points
What will be the cell potential for the cell
given below?
Sn | Sn
2+
(0.10 M) || Ag
+
(0.010 M) | Ag
1. 0.66 V
2. 0.72 V
3. 0.54 V
4. 0.60 V
5. 0.57 V correct
Explanation:
The species in contact with the electrode
surfaces are Sn
2+
and Ag
+
.
The 2 half-reactions are:
Sn
2+
+ 2e

Sn (s) E
0
anode
= 0.14 V
Ag
+
+ 1 e

Ag(s) E
0
cathode
= 0.8 V
E
0
cell
= 0.66 V
But these arent standard conditions, as
the concentrations are not at 1 M. Use the
Nernst equation to calculate Es at these
concentrations:
E = E
0

0.05916 V
n
log
_
[Red]
y
[Ox]
x
_
Version 002 Exam 3 mccord (51175) 4
For Sn
2+
+ 2 e

Sn,
E = 0.14 V
0.05916 V
2
log
_
1
0.10 M
_
= 0.11042 V
For Ag
+
+ 1 e

Ag(s),
E = 0.8 V
0.05916 V
1
log
_
1
0.010
_
= 0.68168 V
So, using the appropriate values of E,
Sn Sn
2+
+ 2 e

E
0
anode
= 0.11042 V
Ag
+
+ 1 e

Ag(s) E
0
cathode
= + 0.68168 V
E
cell
= 0.57126 V
009 10.0 points
The molar solubility of AgCl will
if nitric acid is added to the solution.
1. decrease
2. It depends on the K
a
of nitric acid.
3. not change correct
4. increase
Explanation:
There is no common ion between nitric
acid and AgCl, nor is there the possibility
of forming a complex ion. The solubility of
AgCl will be unaected.
010 10.0 points
For a 12 volt car battery to deliver lots of
current, which of the following is most criti-
cal?
1. having electrodes with lots of surface
area correct
2. keeping the electrodes as reduced as pos-
sible
3. guaranteeing reversibility of the half-cell
reactions
4. keeping the solution in the battery cool
5. keeping the sulfuric acid concentration
very low
Explanation:
011 10.0 points
A battery has two terminals labeled posi-
tive and negative. As the battery discharges,
electrons ow from the ? terminal to the
? terminal through the external circuit
and ? reaction occurs at the positive ter-
minal.
1. negative; positive; a reduction correct
2. positive; negative; a reduction
3. postive; negative; an oxidation
4. negative; positive; an oxidation
5. positive; negative; an acid/base
Explanation:
In a voltaic cell electrons ow from the
negative to the positive terminals. Reduction
occurs at the positive terminal.
012 10.0 points
Consider the following standard voltaic cell
Zn | Zn
2+
(1 M) || Cu
2+
(1 M) | Cu
What will happen if the concentration of
the Cu
2+
side of the cell is reduced to 10
2
M?
1. The voltage will decrease correct
2. It depends on the value of E

3. The voltage will increase

4. The voltage will stay the same
Explanation:
The cell has a positive voltage since it is
a standard voltaic cell. Lowering the con-
centration of the reactant in the reduction
reaction, Cu
2+
will lower the voltage.
Version 002 Exam 3 mccord (51175) 5
013 10.0 points
Although all of the following compounds are
all virtually insoluble in water, they are all
expected to be made more soluble in 1 M
HNO
3
EXCEPT for which one?
1. CaCO
3
2. Zn(OH)
2
3. Ag
2
CO
3
4. Mg (metal)
5. PbBr
2
correct
Explanation:
The 2 carbonates and the hydroxide will
dissolve in the fact that the protons from the
acid will combine with the anions to form a
protonated species (bicarbonate and water).
The magnesium metal will react with the
protons (a redox reaction) forming Mg
2+
ions
which are soluble.
The bromide ion is the conjugate base of a
strong acid (HBr). It will therefore NOT pro-
tonate and form another species, thus leaving
the PbBr
2
solubility unaected.
014 10.0 points
The cathodic reaction in the charging of a
lead battery is
1. PbO
2
+ 4 H
+
+ SO
2
4
+ 2 e

PbSO
4
+ 2 H
2
O
2. Pb + SO
2
4
PbSO
4
+ 2 e

3. PbSO
4
+ 2 e

Pb + SO
2
4
correct
4. Cd(OH)
2
+ 2 e

Cd + 2 OH

5. Zn
2+
+ 2 e

Zn
Explanation:
Species are reduced at the cathode. This
means the electron(s) must be on the left of
the arrow. We also eliminate all reactions
that do not deal with lead in some form. In
the lead-acid battery, PbO
2
and Pb are con-
verted to PbSO
4
while it is being DIScharged
(used). The cathodic part of the discharge
reaction is shown by
PbO
2
+ 4 H
+
+ SO
2
4
+ 2 e

PbSO
4
+ 2 H
2
O,
This leaves
PbSO
4
+ 2 e

Pb + SO
2
4
to be the cor-
rect answer as it shows the cathode reaction
while the battery is being (RE)charged.
015 10.0 points
A steel surface has been electroplated with
1.02 g of vanadium (V, molar mass = 51
g/mol). If 9.6510
3
C of charge were used,
what was the original oxidation number of
V?
1. +6
2. +1
3. +4
4. +2
5. +5 correct
6. +3
Explanation:
moles V =
1.02 g
51 g/mol
= 0.02 mol
moles e

=
9.65 10
3
C
9.65 10
4
C/mol
= 0.1 mol
ox. number =
0.1 mol e

0.02 mol V
= +5
016 10.0 points
Write the half-reactions and the balanced
equation for the cell reaction represented by
the skeletal equation
MnO

4
(aq) + H
+
(aq) + Cl

(aq)
Cl
2
(g) + Mn
2+
(aq) + H
2
O() .
Which of the following is the proper cell
diagram for this reaction?
Version 002 Exam 3 mccord (51175) 6
1. MnO

4
(aq) , H
+
(aq) , Mn
2+
(aq) | Pt(s) ||
C(gr) | Cl
2
(g) | Cl

(aq)
2. C(gr) | Cl

(aq) | Cl
2
(g) ||
Pt(s) |MnO

4
(aq) , H
+
(aq) , Mn
2+
(aq)
3. Pt(s) | MnO

4
(aq) , H
+
(aq) , Mn
2+
(aq) ||
C(gr) | Cl

(aq) | Cl
2
(g)
4. C(gr) | Cl
2
(g) | Cl

(aq) ||
MnO

4
(aq) , H
+
(aq) , Mn
2+
(aq) | Pt(s)
correct
Explanation:
The two half-reactions, written as reduc-
tions, are
MnO

4
(aq) + 8 H
+
+ 5 e

Mn
2+
(aq) + 4 H
2
O()
Cl
2
(g) + 2 e

2 Cl

(aq)
Equate the e

:
2
_
MnO

4
(aq) + 8 H
+
+ 5 e

Mn
2+
(aq) + 4 H
2
O()

5
_
2 Cl

(aq) Cl
2
(g) + 2 e

]
Add the balanced half reactions:
2 MnO

4
(aq) + 16 H
+
(aq) + 10 Cl

(aq)
5 Cl
2
(g) + 2 Mn
2+
(aq) + 8 H
2
O()
The cell diagram is
C(gr) | Cl
2
(g) | Cl

(aq) ||
MnO

4
(aq) , H
+
(aq) , Mn
2+
(aq) | Pt(s)
017 10.0 points
Using only the information given on the rst
page of the exam, calculate the formation
constant of AlF
3
6
.
1. 1.7 10
9
2. 5.9 10
19
correct
3. 7.5 10
13
4. 3.9 10
6
5. 3.5 10
39
Explanation:
First nd the 2 half-reactions that ADD to
give the overall formation of AlF
3
6
.
ox: Al + 6F

AlF
3
6
+ 3e

(+2.07 V)
red: Al
3+
+ 3e

Al (-1.68 V)
net: Al
3+
+ 6F

AlF
3
6
(+0.39 V)
Then use: RT lnK = nFE (where n = 3)
ln K = 3(.39)/0.0257 = 45.525
K = 5.9 10
19
018 10.0 points
The overall reaction for the production of
magnesium metal by electrolysis is
Mg
2+
+ 2 Cl

Mg + Cl
2
.
What half reaction occurs at the positive
terminal?
1. 2 Cl

Cl
2
+ 2 e

correct
2. Mg
2+
+ 2 Cl

MgCl
2
3. None of these
4. Mg
2+
+ 2 e

Mg
Explanation:
Electrolysis requires energy, so this is an
electrolytic cell; the anode is at the positive
terminal where oxidation (loss of e

) occurs.
019 10.0 points
Consider the K
sp
data below and determine
which two metal ions would be the most
dicult to separate using the oxalate anion
(C
2
O

4
).
CuC
2
O
4
K
sp
= 2.87 10
8
FeC
2
O
4
K
sp
= 2.10 10
7
PbC
2
O
4
K
sp
= 2.74 10
11
MgC
2
O
4
K
sp
= 8.57 10
5
1. Pb
2+
and Mg
2+
2. Cu
2+
and Fe
2+
correct
3. Cu
2+
and Pb
2+
Version 002 Exam 3 mccord (51175) 7
4. Fe
2+
and Pb
2+
5. Fe
2+
and Mg
2+
6. Cu
2+
and Mg
2+
Explanation:
The two K
sp
which are closest in values will
reect the two salts of C
2
O

4
most similar in
solubility and most dicult to separate.
020 10.0 points
What is K
sp
for PbCrO
4
, if its molar solu-
bility is 1.3 10
7
mol/L?
1. 8.281 10
17
2. 7.744 10
13
3. 1.69 10
14
correct
4. 6.9 10
9
5. 5.2 10
19
6. 0.0053
7. 1.4 10
21
Explanation:
S = 1.3 10
7
mol/L
The solubility equilibrium is
PbCrO
4
(s)

Pb
2+
(aq) + CrO
2
4
(aq)
[Pb
2+
] = [CrO
2
4
] = S = 1.3 10
7
mol/L
K
sp
= [Pb
2+
][CrO
2
4
]
= (1.3 10
7
)
2
= 1.69 10
14
021 10.0 points
A ligand is best described as which of the
following?
1. a Lowry-Bronsted acid
2. a Lewis base correct
3. an Arrhenius base
4. a Lowry-Bronsted base
5. a Lewis acid
6. an Arrhenius acid
Explanation:
Ligands must have lone pair electrons to
donate to the transition metal to make a
complex ion. That is essentially the deni-
tion of a Lewis base.
022 10.0 points
A concentration cell consists of the same re-
dox couples at the anode and the cathode,
with dierent concentrations of the ions in
the respective compartments. Find the un-
known concentration for the following cell.
Pb(s) | Pb
2+
(aq, ?) ||
Pb
2+
(aq, 0.1 M) | Pb(s) E = 0.044 V
1. 0.00519224
2. 0.0227865
3. 0.000368075
4. 0.0132139
5. 0.000587185
6. 0.00325474
7. 0.00351822
8. 0.000397871
9. 0.000801679
10. 0.00895365
Correct answer: 0.00325474 M.
Explanation:
E
cell
= 0.044 V M = 0.1 M
E

cell
= 0 V F = 96485 C/mol
RT
F
= 0.025693 V
The cell reaction is
Pb
2+
(aq, 0.1 M) Pb
2+
(aq, x)
n = 2, E
cell
= 0.044 V
Using the Nernst equation,
E
cell
= E

cell

RT
nF
ln Q
RT
nF
ln
_
x
M
_
= E

cell
E
cell
Version 002 Exam 3 mccord (51175) 8
ln
_
x
M
_
=
nF
RT
(E

cell
E
cell
)
x = M exp
_
nF
RT
(E

cell
E
cell
)
_
x = (0.1 M) exp
_
2(0 V 0.044 V)
0.025693 V
_
= 0.00325474 M.
Thus [Pb
2+
] = 0.00325474 M.
023 10.0 points
Consider the lead storage battery and the
chemical reaction that drives it forward on
discharge. There are various substances
present as reactants and products. Which
of the following substances is reduced as the
battery discharges.
1. Pb-Ni(CO
3
)
2
(s)
2. H
2
SO
4
(aq)
3. PbSO
4
(s)
4. PbCl
2
(s)
5. Pb (s)
6. PbO
2
(s) correct
Explanation:
PbO
2
has lead in the +4 oxidation state.
This will accept 2 electrons and thus be re-
duced to PbSO
4
as the battery discharges.
Pb metal is oxidized to PbSO
4
.
024 10.0 points
What mass of copper would be produced
by the reduction of copper(II) ions during
passage of 1 ampere of current through a
solution of copper(II) sulfate for 83 minutes?
1. 1.55946
2. 1.42128
3. 0.67116
4. 1.3818
5. 0.80934
6. 1.4805
7. 0.86856
8. 0.90804
9. 1.63842
10. 0.94752
Correct answer: 1.63842 g.
Explanation:
025 10.0 points
Dichromate ion oxidizes iron as follows:
Cr
2
O
2
7
+ H
+
+ Fe
2+
Fe
3+
+ Cr
3+
+ H
2
O
When the equation is properly balanced,
how many moles of Fe
2+
react with each
mole of Cr
2
O
2
7
?
1. 3
2. 6 correct
3. 4
4. 5
Explanation:
The oxidation number of Fe changes from
+2 to +3, so Fe is oxidized. The oxidation
number of Cr changes from +6 to +3, so Cr is
reduced. We set up oxidation and reduction
half-reactions:
Red: Cr
2
O
2
7
Cr
3+
Oxid: Fe
2+
Fe
3+
Fe atoms are balanced. We need 2 Cr
3+
ions
to balance Cr:
Red: Cr
2
O
2
7
2 Cr
3+
Since this is an acidic solution, we use H
2
O
and H
+
to balance O and H atoms, adding
the H
2
O to the side needing oxygen:
Red: 14 H
+
+ Cr
2
O
2
7
2 Cr
3+
+ 7 H
2
O
We balance the total charge in each half-
reaction by adding electrons. In the preced-
ing reduction reaction there is a total charge
of +12 on the left and +6 on the right. Six
electrons are added to the left:
Red: 6 e

+ 14 H
+
+ Cr
2
O
2
7

2 Cr
3+
+ 7 H
2
O
Oxid: Fe
2+
Fe
3+
+1 e

The number of electrons gained by Cr must

equal the number of electrons lost by Fe.
Version 002 Exam 3 mccord (51175) 9
We multiply the oxidation reaction by 6 to
balance the electrons:
Red: 6 e

+ 14 H
+
+ Cr
2
O
2
7

2 Cr
3+
+ 7 H
2
O
Oxid: 6 Fe
2+
6 Fe
3+
+ 6 e

Adding the half-reactions gives the balanced

equation
6 Fe
2+
+ 14 H
+
+ Cr
2
O
2
7

6 Fe
3+
+ 2 Cr
3+
+ 7 H
2
O
026 10.0 points
Which one of the following statements about
voltaic cells is FALSE?
1. Oxidation takes place at the anode.
2. Spontaneous chemical reactions produce
electrical energy available to do external
work.
3. Under non-standard conditions, the elec-
trode potential is determined by the equilib-
rium constant. correct
4. The anode is the negative electrode.
Explanation:
027 10.0 points
Which species will reduce Ag
+
but not Fe
2+
?
1. Pt
2. V
3. H
2
correct
4. Au
5. Cr
Explanation:
028 0.0 points
This question starts out at zero points but
could very well increase after the grading.
Now, if more points are awarded (the curve)
on this assignment, would you like them
added to your score?
1. YES, I would like the points and the
higher score. correct
2. NO, leave my score alone, I prefer the
lower score
Explanation:
This should be a no-brainer. Most stu-
dents want higher scores. If you picked yes,
you got credit for the question and you got
the extra points you asked for (if they were
granted by your instructor). If you answered
NO, you also got what you wanted... no
points awarded.
029 10.0 points
What is the oxidation state of the arsenic
atom in the arsenite ion, AsO
4
3
?
1. Not enough information is given.
2. 3
3. +8
4. +5 correct
Explanation:
The total charge on the species is 3. The
oxidation state of oxygen is 2 since it is not
paired with a group I metal, and so arsenic
atom must have an oxidation state of +5.
+5 + 4(2) = 3