.

0.03g1Hz

WSVSd
1d,max
d,min2Gibbs & Holtz
N Dr1
N
WS
VS

(1)

d ,max ( d d ,min )
100%
d ( d ,max d ,min )

(2)

d
Dr

WS kgf
VS cm 3
d gf / cm 3
d,max gf / cm 3
d,min gf / cm 3
Dr %
N
VSi300m/ s
345

VSi 80 N i1 3 (1 N i 50 )

(3)

VSDi CV VSi

(4)

0.8(VSi 300 m )
s
CV
m )
1
.
0
(
V

300

Si
s

(5)

Nii

VSii m

VSDii m
CV

6GDGD7
EDD
0.45ED8
kH0
GD

t
10 g

2
VSD

E D 2(1 D )GD
kH 0

1
ED
30

g 9.8m / s 2
t gf / cm 3
GD kgf / cm 2
ED kgf / cm 2
D
kH0 kgf / cm 3

(6)
(7)
(8)

DEIkH9
1011kHkH

kH D
4EI

BH D

(9)
(10)

B
k H k H0 H
30

3 4

(11)

1/ cm
BH cm
D cm
EI kgf cm 2
kH kgf / cm 3
kHL D
K

1 N

Dr

(Terzaghi & Peck)

(Gibbs & Holtz)

0~4

(Very Loose)

<0.20

4~10

(Loose)

0.20~0.40

10~30

(Medium)

0.40~0.60

30~50

(Dense)

0.60~0.80

50~100

(Very Dense)

0.80~1.00


DrN
NE02

=2kH01213

E 0 28 N

kH 0

(12)

1
E 0
30

(13)

E0 kgf / cm 2

DEIkH9
1011kHkH
kHL D
K

2 E0
E0
30cm -
1/2

N
E0=28N


1
1.

2.

15101(beta)1
34565101
714
P k H
2
1/ k H (N)1/

1/11/
d,avgkH091011
kH141516
14kH1/DK
15173
kH

4 4 EI

k
B H H 0
kH

(14)

D
B H2

30

(15)

(16)

3.
3
1819
4.
4

3 Dr N ()
WS

VS

Dr

kgf

cm3

gf/cm3

7226

4563514.68

1.58

52.57

23

4 N ()
N

VSD

GD

ED

kH0

m/s

kgf/cm2

kgf/cm2

kgf/cm3

182.01

534.70

1550.62

51.69

23

5 ()
kH()

BH

kH()

kgf/cm3

1/cm

cm

kgf/cm3

124.09

0.063

9.33

124.09

6 ()
kH

kgf/cm3

cm

kgf/cm

124.09

130.00

88725.62

7 Dr N ()
WS

VS

Dr

kgf

cm3

gf/cm3

1533

958614.56

1.60

59.98

30

1520

966508.27

1.57

47.42

17

1560

998139.45

1.56

42.69

13

1460

917304.21

1.59

56.44

26

1153

722274.10

1.60

58.65

29

 8 N ()
N

VSD

GD

ED

kH0

m/s

kgf/cm2

kgf/cm2

kgf/cm3

30

198.86

644.67

1869.54

62.32

17

164.56

434.14

1259.00

41.97

13

150.49

360.79

1046.29

34.88

26

189.60

583.24

1691.39

56.38

29

196.63

629.14

1824.52

60.82

9 ()
kH()

BH

kH()

kgf/cm3

1/cm

cm

kgf/cm3

152.54

0.066

9.09

152.54

98.61

0.060

9.60

98.61

80.39

0.057

9.85

80.39

136.58

0.065

9.22

136.58

148.49

0.066

9.13

148.49

10 ()
kH

kgf/cm3

cm

kgf/cm

152.54

20.50

17198.52

98.61

26.10

14154.89

80.39

28.40

12557.25

136.58

27.50

20657.62

148.49

27.50

22458.90

11 Dr N ()
WS

VS

Dr

kgf

cm3

gf/cm3

766.5

479307.28

1.60

59.98

30

766.5

479307.28

1.60

59.98

30

760

483254.14

1.57

47.42

17

760

483254.14

1.57

47.42

17

780

499069.73

1.56

42.69

13

780

499069.73

1.56

42.69

13

730

458652.11

1.59

56.44

26

730

458652.11

1.59

56.44

26

576.5

361137.05

1.60

58.65

29

10

576.5

361137.05

1.60

58.65

29

 12 N ()
N

VSD

GD

ED

kH0

m/s

kgf/cm2

kgf/cm2

kgf/cm3

30

198.86

644.67

1869.54

62.32

30

198.86

644.67

1869.54

62.32

17

164.56

434.14

1259.00

41.97

17

164.56

434.14

1259.00

41.97

13

150.49

360.79

1046.29

34.88

13

150.49

360.79

1046.29

34.88

26

189.60

583.24

1691.39

56.38

26

189.60

583.24

1691.39

56.38

29

196.63

629.14

1824.52

60.82

10

29

196.63

629.14

1824.52

60.82

13 ()
kH()

BH

kH()

kgf/cm3

1/cm

cm

kgf/cm3

152.54

0.066

9.09

152.54

152.54

0.066

9.09

152.54

98.61

0.060

9.60

98.61

98.61

0.060

9.60

98.61

80.39

0.057

9.85

80.39

80.39

0.057

9.85

80.39

136.58

0.065

9.22

136.58

136.58

0.065

9.22

136.58

148.49

0.066

9.13

148.49

10

148.49

0.066

9.13

148.49

14 ()
kH

kgf/cm3

cm

kgf/cm

152.54

10.25

8599.26

152.54

10.25

8599.26

98.61

13.05

7077.44

98.61

13.05

7077.44

80.39

14.20

6278.63

80.39

14.20

6278.63

136.58

13.75

10328.81

136.58

13.75

10328.81

148.49

13.75

11229.45

10

148.49

13.75

11229.45

15 (1/3)
()

1/()

1/cm

cm

cm

gf/cm3

20.50

1.60

30

26.10

1.57

17

15.04

28.40

1.56

13

( 1 )

27.50

1.59

26

27.50

1.60

29

0.066

4
5

16 (2/3)
N

VSD

GD

ED

kH0

m/s

kgf/cm2

kgf/cm2

kgf/cm3

198.86

644.67

1869.54

62.32

30

17 (3/3)
()

kH

BH

()

kgf/cm3

1/cm

cm

kgf/cm3

kgf/cm

0.066

152.54

9.09

0.066

12615.97

18 ()
K

kgf/cm

cm

cm

20.5

17198.52

20.5

Kavg

cm

kgf/cm

26

16554.67

26

13823.07

26

13491.91

26

20761.54

26

22458.90

5.5
2

26.1

14154.89
20.6
5.4

28.4

12557.25
23
3

27.5

20657.62
24.5
1.5

27.5

22458.9
26

 19 ()
K

kgf/cm

cm

Kavg

cm

cm

kgf/cm

13

13

8599.26

13

7955.42

13

7077.44

13

6745.63

13

6278.63

13

7213.28

13

10328.81

13

10432.73

13

13

11229.45

13

13

11229.45

8599.262

20.5
7.5
5.5

7077.444

26.1

13
7.6
5.4

6278.626

28.4

13
10
3

10328.81

27.5

13
11.5
1.5

11229.45

27.5

()

(Beta)

()

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

()

(Beta)

()

13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

2 1/beta

3 1(beta)


21 26 1

beta 1 beta 1

5
10

1%
3%

20 ()

period err.

period err.

10

period err.

(TOP)

0.11%

( TOP)

-26.76%

( TOP)

-23.90%

period err.

period err.

10

period err.

(MID)

106.87%

( MID)

-7.54%

( MID)

-14.14%

period err.

period err.

10

period err.

(betaTOP)

0.09%

( TOP)

-25.82%

( TOP)

-23.85%

period err.

period err.

10

period err.

(betaMID)

-2.41%

( MID)

-1.70%

( MID)

-11.45%

21 ()

max acc. err.

max acc. err.

10

max acc. err.

(TOP)

-9.16%

( TOP)

-15.62%

( TOP)

-18.46%

max acc. err.

max acc. err.

10

max acc. err.

(MID)

45.90%

( MID)

-7.98%

( MID)

-14.76%

max acc. err.

max acc. err.

10

max acc. err.

(betaTOP)

-9.43%

( TOP)

-16.79%

( TOP)

-18.50%

max acc. err.

max acc. err.

10

max acc. err.

(betaMID)

-10.27%

( MID)

-10.72%

( MID)

-11.40%

22 ()

max disp. err.

max disp. err.

10

max disp. err.

(TOP)

14.57%

( TOP)

-39.36%

( TOP)

-37.10%

max disp. err.

max disp. err.

10

max disp. err.

(MID)

646.60%

( MID)

1.12%

( MID)

-19.05%

max disp. err.

max disp. err.

10

max disp. err.

(betaTOP)

15.44%

( TOP)

-38.82%

( TOP)

-37.04%

max disp. err.

max disp. err.

10

max disp. err.

(betaMID)

10.48%

( MID)

12.10%

( MID)

-9.31%

23 ()

period err.

period err.

10

period err.

(TOP)

0.13%

( TOP)

-25.82%

( TOP)

-22.89%

period err.

period err.

10

period err.

(MID)

106.91%

( MID)

-6.25%

( MID)

-12.93%

period err.

period err.

10

period err.

(betaTOP)

0.58%

( TOP)

-25.13%

( TOP)

-22.86%

period err.

period err.

10

period err.

(betaMID)

-1.96%

( MID)

-0.66%

( MID)

-10.48%

24 ()

max acc. err.

max acc. err.

10

max acc. err.

(TOP)

-9.16%

( TOP)

-16.77%

( TOP)

-19.45%

max acc. err.

max acc. err.

10

max acc. err.

(MID)

45.77%

( MID)

-8.42%

( MID)

-13.20%

max acc. err.

max acc. err.

10

max acc. err.

(betaTOP)

-9.43%

( TOP)

-17.55%

( TOP)

-19.47%

max acc. err.

max acc. err.

10

max acc. err.

(betaMID)

-10.48%

( MID)

-10.89%

( MID)

-11.40%

25 ()

max disp. err.

max disp. err.

10

max disp. err.

(TOP)

-14.60%

( TOP)

-38.81%

( TOP)

-35.96%

max disp. err.

max disp. err.

10

max disp. err.

(MID)

646.20%

( MID)

3.61%

( MID)

-14.47%

max disp. err.

max disp. err.

10

max disp. err.

(betaTOP)

15.44%

( TOP)

-38.33%

( TOP)

-35.93%

max disp. err.

max disp. err.

10

max disp. err.

(betaMID)

11.31%

( MID)

13.71%

( MID)

-6.23%


SAP

20 El
Centro 100gal, El Centro 150gal, El Centro 200gal, TCU068 100gal, TCU068 150gal

26 27 5 24 El Centro
7
7% 7 PGA

TCU068 14
14%~17%14 El Centro
7

26

max acc. err.

max acc. err.

( El Centro_EW_0.1g )

-1.04%

( El Centro_EW_0.1g )

-1.01%

max acc. err.

max acc. err.

( El Centro_EW_0.15g )

0.58%

( El Centro_EW_0.15g )

0.60%

max acc. err.

max acc. err.

( El Centro_EW_0.2g )

0.53%

( El Centro_EW_0.2g )

0.56%

max acc. err.

max acc. err.

( TCU068_EW_0.1g )

-17.13%

( TCU068_EW_0.1g )

-17.13%

max acc. err.

max acc. err.

( TCU068_EW_0.15g )

-17.83%

( TCU068_EW_0.15g )

-17.82%

27

max disp. err.

max disp. err.

( El Centro_EW_0.1g )

6.00%

( El Centro_EW_0.1g )

6.03%

max disp. err.

max disp. err.

( El Centro_EW_0.15g )

6.93%

( El Centro_EW_0.15g )

6.95%

max disp. err.

max disp. err.

( El Centro_EW_0.2g )

6.23%

( El Centro_EW_0.2g )

6.26%

max disp. err.

max disp. err.

( TCU068_EW_0.1g )

-14.21%

( TCU068_EW_0.1g )

-14.18%

max disp. err.

max disp. err.

( TCU068_EW_0.15g )

-13.32%

( TCU068_EW_0.15g )

-13.29%

20

300

El Centro_EW_0.1g
Experiment
Taiwan Specification (Sprint=1)

Acceleration (cm/s2)

200

100

-100

-200

-300

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Time (sec)

5 (El Centro_0.1g_X dir.)

20

El Centro_EW_0.1g
Experiment
Taiwan Specification (Spring=1)

Displacement (mm)

15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Time (sec)

6 (El Centro_0.1g_X dir.)

45

50

400

El Centro_EW_0.15g
Experiment
Taiwan Specification (Sprint=1)

Acceleration (cm/s2)

300
200
100
0
-100
-200
-300
-400

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Time (sec)

7 (El Centro_0.15g_X dir.)

30

El Centro_EW_0.15g
Experiment
Taiwan Specification (Spring=1)

Displacement (mm)

20

10

-10

-20

-30

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Time (sec)

8 (El Centro_0.15g_X dir.)

45

50

500

El Centro_EW_0.2g

Acceleration (cm/s2)

400

Experiment
Taiwan Specification (Sprint=1)

300
200
100
0
-100
-200
-300
-400
-500

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Time (sec)

9 (El Centro_0.2g_X dir.)

40

El Centro_EW_0.2g
Experiment
Taiwan Specification (Spring=1)

Displacement (mm)

30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Time (sec)

10 (El Centro_0.2g_X dir.)

45

50

200

TCU068_EW_0.1g

Acceleration (cm/s2)

Experiment
Taiwan Specification (Sprint=1)
100

-100

-200

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Time (sec)

11 (TCU068_0.1g_X dir.)

15

TCU068_EW_0.1g
Experiment
Taiwan Specification (Spring=1)

Displacement (mm)

10

-5

-10

-15

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Time (sec)

12 (TCU068_0.1g_X dir.)

45

50

300

TCU068_EW_0.15g
Experiment
Taiwan Specification (Sprint=1)

Acceleration (cm/s2)

200

100

-100

-200

-300

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Time (sec)

13 (TCU068_0.15g_X dir.)

20

TCU068_EW_0.15g

Displacement (mm)

Experiment
Taiwan Specification (Spring=1)
10

-10

-20

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Time (sec)

14 (TCU068_0.15g_X dir.)

45

50

300

El Centro_EW_0.1g
Experiment
Japan Specification (Sprint=1)

Acceleration (cm/s2)

200

100

-100

-200

-300

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Time (sec)

15 (El Centro_0.1g_X dir.)

20

El Centro_EW_0.1g
Experiment
Japan Specification (Spring=1)

Displacement (mm)

15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Time (sec)

16 (El Centro_0.1g_X dir.)

45

50

400

El Centro_EW_0.15g
Experiment
Japan Specification (Sprint=1)

Acceleration (cm/s2)

300
200
100
0
-100
-200
-300
-400

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Time (sec)

17 (El Centro_0.15g_X dir.)

30

El Centro_EW_0.15g
Experiment
Japan Specification (Spring=1)

Displacement (mm)

20

10

-10

-20

-30

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Time (sec)

18 (El Centro_0.15g_X dir.)

45

50

500

El Centro_EW_0.2g

Acceleration (cm/s2)

400

Experiment
Japan Specification (Sprint=1)

300
200
100
0
-100
-200
-300
-400
-500

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Time (sec)

19 (El Centro_0.2g_X dir.)

40

El Centro_EW_0.2g
Experiment
Japan Specification (Spring=1)

Displacement (mm)

30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Time (sec)

20 (El Centro_0.2g_X dir.)

45

50

200

TCU068_EW_0.1g

Acceleration (cm/s2)

Experiment
Japan Specification (Sprint=1)
100

-100

-200

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Time (sec)

21 (TCU068_0.1g_X dir.)

15

TCU068_EW_0.1g
Experiment
Japan Specification (Spring=1)

Displacement (mm)

10

-5

-10

-15

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Time (sec)

22 (TCU068_0.1g_X dir.)

45

50

300

TCU068_EW_0.15g
Experiment
Japan Specification (Sprint=1)

Acceleration (cm/s2)

200

100

-100

-200

-300

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Time (sec)

23 (TCU068_0.15g_X dir.)

20

TCU068_EW_0.15g

Displacement (mm)

Experiment
Japan Specification (Spring=1)
10

-10

-20

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Time (sec)

24 (TCU068_0.15g_X dir.)

45

50