ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS PROJECT WORK 1/2012

Name : I/C No : Class : Teachers Name : School :

Wan Nur Miza Bt Wan Mazlan 951128-14-5254 5 Gamma Puan Tasminah SMK Bandar Tun Hussein Onn 2

CONTENT
Acknowledgement Objectives Introduction Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Further Exploration Conclusion Reflection References

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Primarily, I would like to say thank you to God, for giving me the strength, time and energy to do this project and finished it on time. Not forgotten my parents, for providing me the luxury for me to do this project such as money, to buy anything that are related to this project, internet, books, and laptop. Their advises and full support financially and mentally which I needed the most to finished this project. They also encouraged me to complete this task so that I will not procrastinate in doing it especially during this long holiday. I would like to thanks my Additional Mathematics teacher, Pn.Tasminah for all the guidance she had provided for me and my friends throughout this project. We had some difficulties in doing this task but she taught us patiently until we knew what to do. Finally yet importantly, my fellow friends who were doing this project with me and helped me in some part of the project and they shared some ideas with me. They were helpful when we discussed together and shared all of our thoughts and ideas we finally managed to finished this task.

OBJECTIVES
The aims of carrying out project work are :

To apply and adapt a variety of problems- solving strategies to solve problems To improve thinking skills To promote effective mathematical communication To develop mathematical knowledge through problems solving in a way that increases
students interest and confidence

To use the language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas precisely To provide learning environment that stimulates and enhances effective learning To develop positive attitude towards mathematics

INTRODUCTION

In geometry a polygon ( /pln/) is a flat shape consisting of straight lines that are joined to form a closed chain or circuit. A polygon is traditionally a plane figure that is bounded by a closed path, composed of a finite sequence of straight line segments (i.e., by a closed polygonal chain). These segments are called its edges or sides, and the points where two edges meet are the polygon's vertices (singular: vertex) or corners. An n-gon is a polygon with n sides. The interior of the polygon is sometimes called its body. A polygon is a 2-dimensional example of the more general polytope in any number of dimensions. The word "polygon" derives from the greek (pols) "much", "many" and (gna) "corner" or "angle". (the word gnu, with a short o, is unrelated and means "knee".) Today a polygon is more usually understood in terms of sides. The basic geometrical notion has been adapted in various ways to suit particular purposes. Mathematicians are often concerned only with the closed polygonal chain and with simple polygons which do not self-intersect, and may define a polygon accordingly. Geometrically two edges meeting at a corner are required to form an angle that is not straight (180); otherwise, the line segments will be considered parts of a single edge however mathematically, such corners may sometimes be allowed. In fields relating to computation, the term polygon has taken on a slightly altered meaning derived from the way the shape is stored and manipulated in computer graphics (image generation). Some other generalizations of polygons are described below. Polygons have been known since ancient times. The regular polygons were known to the ancient Greeks, and the pentagram, a non-convex regular polygon (star polygon), appears on the vase of Aristophonus, Caere, dated to the 7th century B.C. Non-convex polygons in general were not systematically studied until the 14th century by Thomas Bradwardine. In 1952, Geoffrey Colin Shephard generalized the idea of polygons to the complex plane, where each real dimension is accompanied by an imaginary one, to create complex polygons.

PART 1

Polygons are evident in all architecture. They provide variation and charm in buildings. When applied to manufactured articles such as printed fabrics, wallpapers, and tile flooring, polygons enhance the beauty of the structure itself. (a) Collect six such pictures. You may use a camera to take the pictures or get them from magazines, newspapers, internet or any other resources. (b) Give the definition of polygon and write a brief history of it. (c) They are various methods of finding the area of a triangle. State four different methods.

Question (a)

The Pyramid of Khafre in Giza, Egypt (pyramid shaped)

The tile flooring.

The First Active House in Russia(trapezium shaped)

The contemporary Pittman Dowell Residence in L.A (heptagonal shaped)

The honeycomb (hexagon shaped)

The Kaabah in Mekah, Saudi Arabia (cuboid shaped)

Question (b)
Definition :

* In geometry a polygon is a flat shape consisting of straight lines that are joined to form
a closed chain or circuit. A plain figure with at least three straight sides and angles, and typically five or more.

* A polygon is traditionally a plane figure that is bounded by a closed path, composed of a

finite sequence of straight line segments (i.e., by a closed polygonal chain). These segments are called its edges or sides, and the points where two edges meet are the polygon's vertices (singular: vertex) or corners. An n-gon is a polygon with n sides. The interior of the polygon is sometimes called its body. A polygon is a 2-dimensional example of the more general polytope in any number of dimensions.

* The word "polygon" derives from the Greek (pols) "much", "many" and
(gna) "corner" or "angle". (The word gnu, with a short o, is unrelated and means "knee".) Today a polygon is more usually understood in terms of sides. History :

* Polygons have been known since ancient times. The regular polygons were known to the
ancient Greeks, and the pentagram, a non-convex regular polygon (star polygon), appears on the vase of Aristophonus, Caere, dated to the 7th century B.C. Non-convex polygons in general were not systematically studied until the 14th century by Thomas Bradwardine.

* In 1952, Geoffrey Colin Shephard generalized the idea

of polygons to the complex plane, where each real dimension is accompanied by an imaginary one, to create complex polygons.

Question (c)

* Conventional Formula :

* Herons Formula :

)(

)(

* SAS Formula :

* Coordinate Geometry Formula :

PART 2

A farmer wishes to build a herb garden on a piece of land. Diagram 1 shows the shape of that garden, where one of it sides is 100m in length. The garden has to be fenced with a 300m fence. The cost of fencing the garden is RM20.00 per metre. (the diagram below is not drawn to scale)

(a) Calculate the cost needed to fence the herb garden. (b) Complete Table 1 by using various values of , the corresponding values of ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) and

Table 1

(c) Based on your findings in (b), state the dimension of the herb garden so that the enclosed area is maximum. (d)

(i) Only certain values of and of are applicable in this case. State the range of values of and of . (ii) By comparing the length of and the given side, determine the relation between them. (iii) Make generalization about the lengths of the sides of a triangle, state the name of the relevant theorem.

Question (a)
Cost

Question (b)
( ) 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 ( ) 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 ( 38.21 49.58 55.77 58.99 60.00 58.99 55.77 49.58 38.21 ) ( ) 2957.89 3463.97 3968.57 4242.53 4330.13 4242.53 3968.57 3463.97 2597.89

Question (c)
The herb garden is an equilateral triangle of sides 100m with a maximum area of . Conjecture Regular polygon will give maximum area.

Eg. :

Square

Rectangle

Question (d)
i. 6 ii. When when iii. The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the length of the third side. Triangle Inequality Theorem. In this case, For the relevant theorem the length of sides can be related to the rule. In order to find , we can refer to :

according to cosines

PART 3
If the length of the fence remains the same 300m, as stated in part 2 :

(a) Explore and suggest at least 5 various other shapes of the garden that can be constructed so that the enclosed area is maximum.

(b) Draw a conclusion from your exploration in (a) if : (i) The demand of herbs in the market has been increasing nowadays. Suggest three types of local herbs with their scientific names that the farmer can plant in the herb garden to meet the demand. Collect pictures and information of these herbs.

(ii) These herbs will be processed for marketing by a company. The design of the packaging plays an important role in attracting customers. The company wishes to design an innovative and creative logo for the packaging. You are given the task of designing a logo to promote the product. Draw the logo on a piece of A4 paper. You must include at least one polygon in the logo.

Question (a) Quadrilateral

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 75

140 130 120 110 100 90 80 75 The maximum is

1400 2600 3600 4400 5000 5400 5600 5625

Regular Pentagon

Regular Hexagon

 Semicircle

Regular Octagon

Question (b)

(i) Local Herbs

Misai

Kucing (Orthosiphon Stamineus)

Orthosiphon stamineus is a traditional herb that is widely grown in tropical areas. The two general species, Orthosiphon stamineus "purple" and Orthosiphon stamineus "white" are traditionally used to treat diabetes, kidney and urinary disorders, high blood pressure and bone or muscular pain. Also known as Java tea, it was possibly introduce to the west in the early 20th century. Misai Kucing is popularly consumed as a herbal tea. The brewing of Java tea is similar to that for other teas. It is soaked in hot boiling water for about three minutes, and honey or milk is then added. It can be easily prepared as garden tea from the dried leaves. There are quite a number of commercial products derived from Misai Kucing. Orthosiphon is a medical plant native to South Asia and some parts of tropical Australia/ it is an herbaceous shrub, which grows to a height of 1.5 meters. Orthosiphon is a popular garden plant because of its unique flower, which is white and bluish with filaments resembling a cats whiskers. In the wild, the plant can be seen growing in the forests and along roadsides.

Common names in Southeast Asia are Misai Kucing (Malaysia), Kumis Kucing and Remujung (Indonesia), and Yaa Nuat Maeo (Thailand). The scientific names are Orthosiphon stamineus Benth, Ocimum aristatum BI, and Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume).

Medicinal Uses
Orthosiphon is use for treating the ailments of the kidney, since it has a mild diuretic effect. It is also claim to have anti-allergenic, anti-hypertensive and antiinflammatory properties, and is commonly use for kidney stones and nephritis. Orthosiphon is sometimes used to treat gout, diabetes, hypertension, and rheumatism. It is reportedly effective for anti-fungal and anti-bacterial purposes.

How To Cure
In Malaysia, people eat the leaves raw. They take a few leaves, heat them with water to make the water bitter, and then mix it with tea bags.

Research
Orthosiphon began to interest researchers early in the 20th century, when it was introduce to Europe as a popular herbal health tea.

Commercial Products
Orthosiphon is available in many products treating for detoxification, water retention, hypertension, obesity or kidney stones. It comes in tablets, capsules, tea sachets, bottled drinks, raw herbs, dried leaves or extracts.

 Aloe

Vera (Barbadensis)

Aloe Vera is a species of succulent plant that probably originated in northern Africa. The species does not have any naturally occurring populations, although closely related aloes do occur in northern Africa. The species is frequently cited as being used in herbal medicine since the beginning of the first century AD. Extracts from Aloe Vera are widely used in the cosmetics and alternative medicine industries, being market as variously having rejuvenating, healing or soothing properties. There is, however, little scientific evidence of the effectiveness or safety of Aloe Vera extracts for either cosmetic or medicinal purposes, and what positive evidence is available is frequently contradict by other studies. Medical uses of Aloe Vera are being investigated as well. Aloe Vera is a stem less or very short-stemmed growing to 60100 cm (2439 in) tall, spreading by offsets. The leaves are thick and fleshy, green to grey-green, with some varieties showing white flecks on the upper and lower stem surfaces. The margin of the leaf is serrated and has small white teeth. The flowers are produce in summer on a spike up to 90 cm (35 in) tall, each flower being pendulous, with a yellow tubular corolla 23 cm (0.81.2 in) long. Like other Aloe species, Aloe Vera forms arbuscular mycorrhiza, a symbiosis that allows the plant better access to mineral nutrients in soil. The local name is known as 'Lidah Buaya'. Due to its exceptional healing properties, Aloe Vera is also known as "the little of the desert", "the plant of immortality", "the first aid plant" and "the miracle plant". Its also one of the most important crude drug history and is still extensively used in modern medicine. It contains the same painkilling and antiinflammatory compound as in Aspirin. Aloe Vera is also a nutrient-rich-plant, containing more than 200 active-components, vitamins, minerals, essential amino acids, enzymes and other plant chemicals which is said to gently strengthen, sustain and encourage cellular activity in body. This plant is very tolerant to drought and therefore do not need much watering especially when grown in the open. Aloe Vera requires well-drained soils and does very poorly in clayey soils. It is propagate through separation of the suckers. Harvesting is carried out after 6 month. Harvesting begin from the bottom leaves, which are the broadest and the largest. The rest of the plant is left until the leaves mature in thickness and size for the subsequent harvest.

Medicinal Uses
Aloe vera (syn. A. barbadensis) is commonly use externally to treat various skin conditions such as cuts, burns and eczema. It is alleged that sap from Aloe Vera eases pain and reduces inflammation. Scientific evidence on the effects of Aloe Vera sap on wound healing is contradictory. A study performed in the 1990s showed that the healing of a moderate to severe burn was speed up by six days when covering the wound on a regular basis with aloe vera gel, compared to the healing of the wound covered in a gauze bandage. In contrast, another study suggested wounds to which Aloe Vera gel was applied were significantly slower to heal. Many cosmetic companies add sap or other derivatives from Aloe vera to products such as makeup, moisturisers, soaps, sunscreens, shampoos and lotions. Aloe gel is alleged to be useful for dry skin conditions, especially eczema around the eyes and sensitive facial skin. In addition, it has been used for treating fungal infections such as ringworm. An article published in the British Journal of General Practice suggests that Aloe Vera is particularly good at treating long suffers of athlete's foot. The topical application of Aloe vera is not an effective preventative for radiation-induced injuries. Whether or not it promotes wound healing is unclear, and even though there are some promising results, clinical effectiveness of oral or topical Aloe Vera remains unclear at present. Folk medicine Aloe vera has a long association with herbal medicine, although it is not known when its medical applications were first suspected. Early records of Aloe vera use appear in the Ebers Papyrus from 16th century BC, in both Dioscorides' De Materia Medica and Pliny the Elder's Natural History written in the mid-first century CE along with the Juliana Anicia Codex produced in 512 AD. The species is use widely in the traditional herbal medicine of China, Japan, Russia, South Africa, the United States, Jamaica, Latin America and India. Dietary supplement Aloin, a compound found in the exudate of some Aloe species, was the common ingredient in over-the-counter (OTC) laxative products in the United States prior to 2003, when the Food and Drug Administration ruled that aloin was a class III ingredient, thereby banning its use. Aloe Vera has potential toxicity, with side effects occurring at some dose levels both when ingested or applied topically. Although toxicity may be less than when aloin is removed by processing, aloe vera that contains aloin in excess amounts may induce side effects. A 2-year National Toxicology Program (NTP) study on oral consumption of non-decolorized whole leaf extract of aloe vera found evidence of carcinogenic activity in male and female rats. The NTP says more information is needed to determine the potential risks to humans. Aloe Vera juice is market to support the health of the digestive system, but there is neither scientific evidence nor regulatory approval to support this claim. The extracts and quantities typically used for such purposes appear to be dose-dependent for toxic effects.

Commercial Products
Aloe Vera is now widely used on facial tissues, where it is promoted as a moisturizer and/or anti-irritant to reduce chafing of the nose of users suffering hay fever or cold. It is common practice for cosmetic companies to add sap or other derivatives from Aloe Vera to products such as makeup, tissues, moisturizers, soaps, sunscreens, incense, shaving cream, and shampoos. Other uses for extracts of aloe vera include the dilution of semen for the artificial fertilization of sheep, use as fresh food preservative, and use in water conservation in small farms. It has also been suggest that bio fuels could be obtain from Aloe Vera seeds. Aloe is also use as a food substance. Some molecular gastronomists have begun to take advantage of its gelling properties. Perhaps the most notable among these is Chef Quique Dacosta's "Oysters Guggenheim," created at El Poblet in Spain.

 Tongkat

Ali (Eurycoma Longafolia)

Eurycoma longifolia (commonly called tongkat ali or pasak bumi) is a flowering plant in the family Simaroubaceae, native to Indonesia, Malaysia, and, to a lesser extent, Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos. It is also known under the names penawar pahit, penawar bias, bedara merah, bedara putih, lempedu pahit, payong ali, tongkat baginda, muntah bumi, petala bumi (all the above Malay); bidara laut (Indonesian); babi kurus(Javanese); cay ba binh (Vietnamese) and tho nan (Laotian). Many of the common names refer to the plant's medicinal use and extreme bitterness. "Penawar pahit" translates simply as "bitter charm" or "bitter medicine". Older literature, such as a 1953 article in the Journal of Ecology, may cite only "penawar pahit" as the plant's common Malay name.

Growth
Eurycoma longifolia is a small, evergreen tree growing to 15 m (49 ft) tall with spirally arranged, pinnate leaves 2040 cm (816 inches) long with 1341 leaflets. The flowers are dioecious, with male and female flowers on different trees; they are produced in large panicles, each flower with 56 very small petals. The fruit is green ripening dark red, 12 cm long and 0.51 cm broad

Products
Fake Eurycoma longifolia products have been pull off the shelves in several countries but are still sold over the Internet, mostly shipped from the UK. In a medical journal article, published March 2010, it was noted that "estimates place the proportion of counterfeit medications sold over the Internet from 44% to 90%" with remedies for sexual dysfunction accounting for the greatest share. It is therefore recommended that buyers of Eurycoma longifolia request from Internet vendors conclusive information, and proof, on the facilities where a product has been manufactured. In Malaysia, the common use of Eurycoma longifolia as a food and drink additive, coupled with a wide distribution of products using cheaper synthetic drugs in lieu of Eurycoma longifolia quassinoids, has led to the invention of an electronic tongue to determine the presence and concentration of genuine Eurycoma longifolia in products claiming to contain it. On the other hand, consumers who lack the sophisticated electronic tongue equipment invented in Malaysia for testing the presence of Eurycoma longifolia, but want more clarity on whether the product they obtained is indeed Eurycoma longifolia or a fake, can use their own tongue to taste the content of capsules for the bitterness of the material. Quassinoids, the biologically active components of Eurycoma longifolia root, are

extremely bitter. They are named after quassin, the long-isolated bitter principle of the quassia tree. Quassin is regarded the bitterest substance in nature, 50 times more bitter than quinine. Anything that isn't bitter, and strongly so, cannot contain quassinoids from Eurycoma longifolia . In the US, the FDA has banned numerous products such as Libidus, claiming to use Eurycoma longifolia as principal ingredient, but which instead are concoctions designed around illegal prescription drugs, or even worse, analogues of prescription drugs that have not even been tested for safety in humans, such as acetildenafil. In February 2009, the FDA warned against almost 30 illegal sexual enhancement supplements, but the names of these products change quicker than the FDA can investigate them. Libidus, for example, is now sold as Maxidus, still claiming Eurycoma longifolia (tongkat ali) as principal ingredient. The government of Malaysia has banned numerous fake products which use drugs like sildenafil citrate instead of tongkat ali in their capsules. To avoid being hurt by bad publicity on one product name, those who sell fake tongkat ali from Malaysia have resorted to using many different names for their wares. The governments of Canada and Singapore have issued warnings against the product XP Tongkat Ali Supreme for containing the prescription drug tadalafil which can be life-threatening in some individuals. Products claiming various Eurycoma longifolia extract ratios of 1:20, 1:50, 1:100, and 1:200 are sold. Traditionally Eurycoma longifolia is extracted with water and not ethanol. However, the use of selling Eurycoma longifolia extract based on extraction ratio may be confusing and is not easily verifiable. In expectation of a competitive edge, some manufacturers are claiming standardization of their extract based on specific ingredients. Alleged standards / markers are the glycosaponin content (3545%) and eurycomanone (>2%). While eurycomanone is one of many quassinoids in Eurycoma longifolia, saponins, known in ethnobotany primarily as fish poison played no role in the academic research on the plant. A large number of Malaysian Eurycoma longifolia products (36 out of 100) have been shown to be contaminated with mercury beyond legally permitted limits.

Herbal Nutrition

Increase strength of the body Help to stimulate the production of testosterone that is one of the important hormones for male Help to increase the blood rate and body metabolism

Question (b) (ii) Company Logo

FURTHER EXPLORATION Polygons in Life

The First Active House in Russia

In Russia it is possible to find homes that are energy efficient. There are many people who care about the environment, but many others live oil. A good example is the first project of the Active House in Moscow, architects Polygon Lab designed taking into account a number of factors that promote energy conservation. The project is organized and developed by one of the leading developers in the Moscow region, the Zagorodny Proekt company, in cooperation with the VELUX Group. The First Active House in Russia is designed by the Russian architectural office POLYGON. An important aspect of the Active House concept is that of integration. Although energy, indoor climate and environment are essential components of the vision, it is the way their integration promotes the architectural quality, human health, comfort and well-being which represents the value of the building. The proportions and dimensions of the house have the appeal of a modern twist to traditional architecture. The architectural experience of the house is about the relationship between inside and outside, the interplay between geometry and light. Moving from one room to another gives a unique experience of a picture frame view to the environment and a clear view to the sky through the strategically placed VELUX roof windows.
Project Details: Location: Moscow, Russia Type: Residential Architect: POLYGON (Alexander Leonov, Svetlana Vasileva) Gross square footage: 229sqm

Pittman Dowell Residence, Los Angeles.

The project is a residence for two artists. Located 15 miles north of Los Angeles at the edge of Angeles forest, the site encompasses 6 acres of land originally planned as a hillside subdivision of houses designed by Richard Neutra. Three level pads were created but only one house was built, the 1952 Serulnic Residence. The current owners have over the years developed an extensive desert garden and outdoor pavilion on one of the unbuilt pads. The new residence, to be constructed on the last level area, is circumscribed by the sole winding road which ends at the Serulnic house. Five decades after the original house was constructed in this remote area, the city has grown around it and with it the visual and physical context has changed. In a similar way, the evolving contemporary needs of the artists required a new relationship between building and landscape that is more urban and contained. Inspired by geometric arrangements of interlocking polygons, the new residence takes the form of a heptagonal figure whose purity is confounded by a series of intersecting diagonal slices though space. Bounded by an introverted exterior, living spaces unfold in a moir of shifting perspectival frames from within and throughout the house. An irregularly shaped void caught within these intersections creates an outdoor room at the center whose edges blur into the adjoining living spaces. In this way, movement and visual relationships expand and contract to respond to centrifugal nature of the site and context.
Project Details: Location: Los Angeles, USA Type: Residential - Houses Architects: Micheal Maltzan Architecture www.mmaltzan.com Gross square footage: 3200 SF

Invisible shoes

Brazilian designer Andreia Chaves has released her first commercial studio series at this years Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week. Called Invisible Shoe, this concept shoe design explores the concept of invisibility and optical effects through the use of reflective surfaces that help protect the foot while producing a chameleon effect with their surroundings. Each pair is handmade in Italy using a combination of leather making techniques together with advanced 3D printing technology. The series will be available in three different models and launch in Asia in association with I.T. Hong Kong as well as the opening of the retailers new store in Beijing. The black structural lines are reminiscent of futuristic fishnets, while the design itself has the sharp geometry that wed normally see on a Lamborghini. Inspired by geometric arrangements of interlocking polygons, this isnt footwear its art.
Project Details: Type: Footwear - Art Designer: Andreia Chaves

CONCLUSION
Polygons tend to be studied in the first few years of school, as an introduction to basic geometry and mathematics. But after doing research, answering questions, completing table and some problem solving, I found out that the usage of polygons is important in our daily life. It is not just widely used in fashion design also in other fields especially in architecture. The triangle, for instance, is often used in construction because its shape makes it comparatively strong. The use of the polygon shape reduces the quantity of materials needed to make a structure, so essentially reduces costs and maximizes profits in a business environment. Another polygon is the rectangle. The rectangle is used in a number of applications, due to the fact our field of vision broadly consist of a rectangle shape. For instance, most televisions are rectangle to allow us for easy and comfortable viewing. The same can be said for photo frame and mobile phones screen. In a nutshell, polygon is daily life necessity. Without it, mans creativity will be limited. Therefore, we should be thankful of the people who contribute in the idea of polygons.

REFLECTION
While I am conducting this project, I found out a lot of information about polygons. I have learnt how polygons appear in our daily life. Apart from that, this project encourages the students to work together and share their knowledge. After all, sharing is caring. It also teaches the students to improve thinking skills, promote effective mathematical communication and encourage students to use the internet for good use like gather information for project like this. Moreover, I have learned some moral values that I practice. This project taught me to be responsible on the works that that are given to me to be completed. This project also disciplines me to be on time, which I was given about three weeks to complete this project and pass up to my teacher just in time. It has also made me feel more confident about myself to do works and not to give up easily when we could not find the solution for the question, because when there is a will, there is a way. You always have family, friends, teacher and internet to help you. I also enjoy doing this project. I spend my time doing useful work with my friends to complete this project and it had tighten our friendship and I have realize that Additional Mathematics is not as boring and uninviting like I have always thought it is. Finally yet importantly, I proposed this project should be continue for the following years because it teaches a lot of moral value to the students and also test the students understanding in Additional Mathematics.

REFRENCES

Additional Mathematics Text Book
http://www.scribd.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygon http://architecturelab.net/2010/05/pittman-dowell-residence-by-michael-maltzan-architecture/ http://www.arestdesign.com/architecture/the-first-active-house-in-russia-by-polygon-lab003097.html http://www.thecoolist.com/the-new-invisible-shoe-by-andreia-chaves/ http://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/trig-area-triangle-without-right-angle.html http://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/trig-area-triangle-without-right-angle.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurycoma_longifolia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthosiphon_aristatus http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_vera