MalAdhikr (Vol 2) SOUL OF THE QUR'AN (MALAYALAM) VOL:2

Jp-B-\ns
Bmhv
cmw hmfyw
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
cmw hmfyw
aplvbpo apl--Zv, Ccp-pgn
kvs{Sbvv]mv JpB FUyp-t-j

atcn
Quraninte Athmavu (Adhikr) Malayalam Vol-2

(Explanation of the Holy Quran)
Author
Muhyudheen Mohammed Irumbuzhi
Publishers
Straight path Quran Education

PB.NO: 58, Manjeri - 676 121
E-mail: mail@straightpathonline.com
Website: www.straightpathonline.com
Type setting
Mohammed Kasim.P
Copyrights
not reserved.
Cu {Kw, temImpw GXpaXmpw tImnI ASnnv

hnXcWw sNpXn\pw ]cn`mjsSppXn\pw A\phmZapv.
Who ever likes may translate and distribute copies among
people irrespective of nation or religion.
JpB\ns icocamIp Ad_n aqehpw Poh\mIp

Ahpw a\nemm\pXIp JpB ]cn`mjI
aebmf `mjbn [mcmfapsnepw JpB\ns
Bmhmb Bibw ]cnNbsSpp Hcp {Kw Xosc
Csp ]dbmw. Cu Ipdhv ]cnlcnpXnv
thnbpXmWv JpB\ns Bmhv F Cu
X^v k o. CXv {itbmsS hmbnp Hcmv
JpB\ns Aa AXns Bibsav
a\nemm {]bmkstSn hcnIbn. JpB\nse
Ggv apX Ccp]ncv hscbp kqdxIfpsS
hniZoIcW DsImpXmWv Cu cmwhmfyw.
JpB kh{kjv S mhns khtemIpap
ktihpw {kjvSmhntev Fntcm\p Snp
ambXpsImv, Aapkvenw ktlmZcv JpB\ns
ktiw FnpsImSppI F _m[yX \nln
pXn\v thnbmWv Ad_n aqew CmsX
{]knoIcnpXv . Ad_n`mj hianmhv
Bibw a\nemm klmbIcamb Hcp ]ZkqNnI
Ahkm\w tNnbnpapv. X^vkodns Ad_nbnepw
Cwojnepap ]cn`mjI Xmdmbn hcpp. Ahbvv
RfpsS sh_vsskv kinpI.
Straight path Quran Education
PB.NO: 58, Manjeri - 676 121
Email: mail@straightpathonline.com
Website: www.straightpathonline.com
Hcp \nanjw!
F a\pjyscmw krjvSnsXv kzKnemWv. (7: 172174)
F a\pjycpsS Bmhv t]mses, thZ{KfpsSbpw Bmhv Hv XsbmWv. (16:
4344, 21: 24)
F JpB\ns Bibw Bmhns `Whpw hkv{XhpamWv. (7: 26, 11: 88, 20: 131)
F JpB\ns BibwsImv imnbpw kam[m\hpw kpcnXXzhpw e`npXmWv. (12:
53, 13: 28, 21: 88)
F JpB\ns BibanmsX Hcmfpw hnizmknbmhpIbn. (10: 99100)
F Fm a\pjycpw ]ncSnIfn AhchcpsS ItcJ tkm^vvshb hlnppv.
hnNmcW \mfn AsXmcp Xpd ]pkvXIambn ]pdsSpv Ahs\smvXs
hmbnnv hnNmcW \SpXmWv. (17: 1315, 18: 49)
F {]]w AXns kpe\n \ne\ndpm\p {Xmmb JpB\ns Bibw
XsbmWv hn[n Znhk\mfnse hnNmcWam\Zamb {Xmpw. (16: 64, 18: 103105)
F JpB\ns BibwhvInnbnv AXv ImWm\pw tIm\pw, PohnXeyw Xncndnbm\pw
km[nmh \cIn Amcmbn ]pcpohnnsSpXmWv. (7: 179, 20:
124127)
F JpB\ns Bibw aqSnshp sXmSnIfmb I]ShnizmknIfn \nv \akvImctam
Zm\[tfm kzoIcnsSpIbn. Ah Im^ndmbnv Poh shSnbpXpamWv. (9:
5355, 125)
F JpB\ns Bibw aqSnshp P\Xsb D]{Zhnmepw Csnepw amw hcm ]ntbmSv
D]anncnpp. (7: 175176)
F JpB\ns BibwsImv AXv aqSnshp I]ShnizmknItfmSpw Ip^v^mdpItfmSpw
PnlmZv sNm hnizmknI I]ns]ncnpp. (9: 73, 123)
F Fmhcpw JpB\ns Bibw aqSnshp A{IanIfmbnom temImhkm\w
kw`hnpXmWv. (10: 54, 14: 19)
GXmWv a\pjys GgvL?

kzKn krjvSns a\pjy\v Ggv Lfpv. BZya\pjy\mb
BZans\ krjvSntmXs Ay\mhscbp apgph a\pjytcbpw
(Bmhv) krjvSnpIbpw "Rm\tbm \nfpsS DSa' Fv {kjvSmhv
tNmZnpIbpw "AsX \mYm, R kmyw hlnpp' Fv ]dv
FmHmtcmcpcpw DSSn sNbvXXpamWv AXn Hmw Lw. tijw
Fmhscbpw BZans apXpIn \nt]nv `qanbntev CdpIbpw ]noSv
BZans km\]ccIfpsS apXpIpIfneqsS HmtcmcpcptSbpw
]nXmhns apXpInsentcpXv htcbpXmWv cmw Lw. ]nXmhns
apXpInep Bmhns\ aev aptJ\ FSpv, amXmhns
K`]m{Xnhfcp iniphn \memw amkn Bhmlnnpp.
As\ iniphn\v dqlv(Poh+Bmhv) e`npp. AXv apX ]Xn\v
hbv htcbpXmWv aqmwLw. ]Xn\v hbn\papv acWsSp
GsXmcp Ipnbpw kzKntev Xs Xncnpt]mIpXmWv. ]Xn\v hbv
apX acWw htcbp `qanbnse PohnXImeamWv \memwLw.
acWn\ptijw ]p\P\mhtcbp ImeamWv(_kJv) AmwLw.
apAvan\q: 100 hniZoIcWw JpB\ns Bmhv cmw hmfyn
t\mpI. AXn\mbncw hjw ssZLyap hnNmcW\mfmWv BdmwLw.
thZw e`nhv AXp]tbmKsSpn \memw Ln kzKw]WnXm
kzKhpw Asn \cIhpamWv GgmwLw. thZw e`nmhsc kzKhpw
\cIhpam atsXnepw temIfntemWv Ggmw Ln AbpI.
_Jd: 3839, ABw: 26 hniZoIcWw JpB\nsBmhv Hmw
hmfynt\mpI.
\memw Lnep a\pjys PohnXeyw, DmgvNmZmbIamb
thZns Bibw D]tbmKsSpn {kjvSmhns\ IspI, Ahchsc
XncndnbpI, {]]s AXns kpe\n \ne\ndppI, kzKw
ChnsS ]WnbpI, acWtmSpIqSn kzKntev Xs Xncnpt]mhpI
FXmWv. BenCwdm: 136, AnkmAv: 1, AnbmAv: 10, lv: 65
hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
A[ym-b{- Iaw
A[ymbw
t]Pv
7. AAvdm^v
8. A^m
8
93
9. Au_
132
10. bq\pkv
235
11. lqZv
304
12. bqkp^v
358
13. Ad-AvZv
391
14. C_vdmlow
413
15. AlnPv
441
16. Alv
473
17. ACkvdmAv
542
18. AIlv^v
610
19. adnbw
647
20. Xzmlm
667
21. AnbmAv
693
22. lv
724
]Z-kq-NnI
751
JpB\ns Bmhv
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-amb Am-lp-hns \maw sImv
7. A AAvdm^v
\_nbpsS am PohnXns Ah-km\Ime-L-
- n kqd: A-Ba
- n-t\mSp
A\p-_-np Xs Ah-X-cn-n-n-p kqd-mWv CXv. 206 kq--fp Cu
kqd-mWv _Jd Ign-m hym]vXn-bn Jp-B-\nse cm-as henb kqdv. Cu kqd-nse 46-48 kq--fn \c-I-hm-kn-I-sfbpw kzKhm-kn-I-sfbpw
Xncn--dn-bp AAvdmô-sfpdnv ]cmainp--Xn-\m Cu kqd-n\v
AAvdm^v (Xn-cn--dn-bp--h) Fv \ma-I-cWw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. Am-lp-hns\
Xncn--dn-bp-I, ]nim-Nns\ Xncn--dn-bp-I, a\p-jycpsS LS\-- ico-cw, Bmhv, Poh
Xncn--dn-bp-I, Pohn-X-eyw Xncn--dn-bp-I, FmWv Jp-B, Fn-\mWv JpB, Fp-sImv Jp-B D]-tbm-Kn-Ww Fv Xncn--dn-bp-I, kzKn-tev
t]mIp--hsc Xncn--dn-bp-I, \c-I-n-tev t]mIp--hsc Xncn--dn-bpI XpSn
Fm-Im-cy-fpw Xncn--dn-bm\p Dm-gvN-Zm-b-I-amb _kzm-C-dmWv Jp-Bs\v kqw 203 ]d-n-p-v.
a\p-jy Fhn-sS-bmWv BZyw krjvSn-s-sXpw, Ah-tcmSv Fv DS--SnbmWv Amlp hmn-bn-p--sXpw 172-173 kq--fn ]d-bp-p. BcmtWm
Jp-B-\ns ASn-m-\-n ChnsS {]hn--Xv, Ahv Xpem-kn Xq-apm-Ip-sa-pw, Am--h {]hrn-I ]mgmbntmbn \c-I-n B]-Xn-psapw 89, 35-36, 146-147 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. BZ-ans\ krjvSn--Xpw, aep-I kpPqZv sNbvX-Xpw, ]nimNv kpPqZv sNm-Xncp-Xp-amb Imcy- 11-33
kq--fn {]Xn-]m-Zn-n-pv. Jp-B e`n-nv AXns\ Pohn-n-mh acW-k-a-bp R Im^n-dm-bn-cpp Fv kzbw kmyw hln-p-sap 37mw
kq-nepw, Jp-B Inn-bnv AXns\ Xn--d-bp-I-bpw Fmw XnI--h-cmsWv Al--cn-p-Ibpw sNp--h {`mam-cm-sWpw, Ah Xpm-cs
kqNn-bpsS Zzmc-n-eqsS HIw {]th-in-p-Xphsc kzKn {]th-in-p-Ibn-spw 40mw kq-nepw ]d-n-p-v. \c-I-hm-kn-I kzKhm-kn-I-tfmSv
shw tNmZn-p-tm Jp-B kq-tfmSv hntcm[wshp-sIm-n-cp Im^ndp-Iv Ct-Zn-hkw Ahcpw \njn--am-sWp kzKhm-kn-I adp-]Sn ]dbp cwKw 49-51 ]d-n-p-v. \qlv \_n-bpsS P\-X, BZv P\X, YaqZv P\X,
eqv \_n-bpsS P\-X, ipsF_v \_n-bpsS P\X XpS-nb ]qnI P\-X-IfpsS
Ncn-{X-kw-`-h- D-cnv ]mT-apsm-m thn 59-102 hsc-bp kq-fn Bh-iy-sn-p-v. aqkm\_n-sbbpw ^n-Hu-s\bpw Ipdn-p khn-kvXcw 103136 hsc-bp kq--fn ]cm-ain-n-p-v. CkvdmCu kXn-Isfpdnpw, aqkm \_nv {Kw \In-b-Xpw, {Kw kzoI-cn-m t]mb k`-n
AAvdm^v (7)
9
Ckvdm-Cu kXn-I ]ip-p-nsb Dmn ]qPn--Xp-amb kw`-h- 138171
kq--fn hnh-cn-n-p-v. Jp-B Inn-bnp aqSn-sh-p ]WvUn-X-s\-bpw,
Jp-B ]Tn-m {ian-m km[m-c-W-m-scbpw, D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw
amw hcm \mbtbmSv 176 D]-an-n-p-v. 185 Jp-B-\m-Ip Ghpw \
h-am\n\p-tijw \n C\n thsd GsXmcp h-am-\-n-emWv hnizkn-m t]mIp--sXp tNmZn-p-p. 188mw kqw \_nsb ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p-Xm-sW-n 194195 kq- am apivcnp-I-tfmSp, Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsX
Ah hnfnp {]mn-p ]m-fn-I-sf-sbmw hnfnp, \_n-s-Xnsc KqVmtem-N\ \S-m thn shp-hn-fn-p-XmWv. 197-200 kq--fn Ahn-th-InI-sf hnsm-gn-bm-\pw, ss]im-Nn-I-amb NnI shp-]p-emXn-cn-m\pw- ]Tnn-p-p. ap-Jo-`--m ]nim-Nn\nv Hcp Zpt_m-[-\-ta-m DSs\
Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-p-I-bpw, Atm Ah ]nim-Nns hgnbpw Am-lp-hns
hgnbpw Xncn--dn-bpXm-sWv 201epw, ]nim-Nns ktlm-Z-c-sf Ah
ZpamKn-tev ]nSnp hen-p-sIm-p-t]m-hpsapw ]ns ]nSn Ab-p-I-bnsv 202epw ]d-bp-p. Jp-B HmXn tIn--s-m {inp tIpIbpw, au\w Zon-pIbpw sNbvXm A\p-{K-ln--s-t-p-sav 204 ]d-npv. 206mw kqw Am-lp-hns apn kmjvSmwKw {]W-anp-h-tcm-sSmw
{]W-an-p-sImv Ahs\ hmgvp-I-sbp In-p-p. Xnem-h-ns kpPqZv
hcp BZys kqd-mWp AAvdm^v. kqd-ns Ah-km\n Xnem-hns kpPqZv hcp aqv kqd-p-I-fn Hm-Wn-Xv. ap- cp kqd-p-I APvav, A-eJv Fn-h-bm-Wv.
1. Aen^vemwaowkzmZv.
Am-lp-hn \np Pn_vco aptJ\ apl-Zv \_np hp-In-nb -kw`hNcn-{X hnh-cn-p--Xv.
_Jd: 1 t\mp-I. "kzmZv' Fm \qlv \_nbpsS P\X, lqZv \_n-bpsS
P\X, kzmenlv \_n-bpsS P\X, eqzv \_n-bpsS P\-X, ipsF_v \_n-bpsS
P\X, XpSnb ]qnI P\-XIfpsS kw-`-h Ncn-{X-- hnh-cn-pXv Fm-Wv.
As-n 35mw kq-nse, Hm BZw km-\
- tf, Fs kq- \np
Jkzkzv sNbvXpXcp hgn-p-h-gn-bmbn hni-Zo-Ic-- np X-cp \n-fn \np- ZqXam hm, F-Xnse "bJpq\' F-Xn \np "kzmZv'. Asn 176kqw Ah-km-\n-p-Xv Ccw kq- hgnphgn-bmbn ]d-psIm-Sp-p-I Ah Btem-Nn-v {]Xn-^-ennp--Xn-\p-th-n F-Xn \np
"kzmZv'.
2. \n\v Ah-X-cn-nnp Hcp thZ-am-Wn-Xv. CXp-aqew \ns lrZ-bn bmsXmcp {]bm-khpw Dm-th--Xn-. CXv Ah-X-cn-n-Xv CXp-
10
JpB\ns Bmhv
sImv \o -\n-tj-[n-Isf XmoXv sNp--Xn\pw, hnizm-kn-Iv Hcp
A\p-kva-cWambn sImpam-Wv.
Xzmlm: 13 kq--fn Amlp apl-Zv \_nsb hnfnp ]d-bp-p: Cu

Jp-B Am-lp-hns\ `b-s-Sp--hsmcp Snv Bbn--msX, \o {]bm-ksv a\w app-Xn-\p-thn \mw \nsta Cd-n-bn-n-. kzKn-tep Xncnp
t]mIm-\p Sn-mWv Jp-B\ns Bi-bw Fv Ckm: 29, apk-n: 19
kq-fn ]d-n-pv. lv: 78, \nv \n-fpsS ]nXmhmb C_vdmlo-ans Pohn-X-N-cy-bmb Zo\n bmsXmcp _pn-appw Dm-n-bn-ns-p ]dn-pv. Ap-A-dm-Av: 34kq--fn Ah hnizm-kn-Ifmhm--Xns t]cn
\o \nss \in-n-tmw, \nbw \mw Dt-in-n-cp-p-sh-n BIm-iv\nv Hcp ZrjvSmw Cdn Ahsc ho\o-X-cmbn ]ncSn Ipg--h-cmn amp-ambn-cpp Fpw bmko: 76 Atm Ah-cpsS hmp-I \ns ZpxJn-n-t-Xn, \nbw Ah- cl-ky-am-p-Xpw ]c-ky-am-p--Xp-samw \mw Xs
Adn-bp--h-\m-Ipp Fpw Ilv^v: 6 Atm Ah Cu h-am-\-n
hnizm- k n- m- - X ns t]cn ZpxJw ]pv Ah- c psS ]nmse t]mbn \o
\nss \in-n-tmw Fpw ]d-n-pv. bp\pkv 65, lqZv 13, \lv 127
kq- Ipnhmbn-p-I. Jp-B Zp:Jnmt\m `b-s-Smt\m, ASn--a-sSmt\m thnbnd-nbX, adnv Am-lp-hns `qan-bn Xe-bp-bnsmv
Fhn-sSbpw Ftmgpw Pohn-m-\p- kamK-am-W-Xv, sFiz-cy-am-W-Xv, s]mn-tmIm Am-lp-hn\nv `qan-bn-tev Cp-X-n-p Ib-dm-W-Xv. AAvdm^v: 52,203
Iqn-hmbnpI. _Jd: 256, Ben-C-wdm: 79, A-Bw: 90,155-157 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
3. \n \n-fpsS \mY-\n\nv Cd--s--Xns\ ]n]-p-I. Ahs\
IqSmsX ap--hsc- \n c-Iam-cmbn ]n]-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw
sNpI. \n-fn\nv A]w t]cmsX lrZbwsImv kvacn-pn.
kpa: 55, \n-fpsS \mY-\n\nv \nv Cd--s-Xv Ghpw
\\nev, \n Adn-bmsX s]sp acWw Bk--am-Ip--Xn\p apv, ]n]p-Is
- bp ]d-n-p-v. kpa: 17-18, 2223, 31-32 kq- Iqn-hmbnp-I. Aqd:
9, AX, \n Ahs\ IqSmsX ap c-Iamsc sXsc-s-Sp-n-cn-p-pthm, Atm Amlp am{X-am-Ipp \n-fpsS kwc--I, Ah acn--hsc
Pohn-n-p-p, Ah Fm-Im-cy-n\pw Ign-hp k-i- Xs-b-tm-sbv
tNmZnp-p. _Jd: 257 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. P\--fn A[n-I-t]cpw \o F{X
{ian-mepw hnizm-kn-I-fm-hp-I-bn-sv bqkp-^v: 103epw, Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw
Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp-sIm--msX hniz-kn-p-Ibn-sv 106epw ]d-n-p-v. AYhm Bbn-cn Hv am{Xta Am-lp-hns\
kZm kvacn-p-sImv Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn Ncn-p-I-bpq, _mn sXmm-
AAvdm^v (7)
11
bn-cnsXmpn HXpw Am-lp-hns\ adpI hgn Ah-c-hsc Xs ad
sXm-Sn-I-fm-bncn--pw. _Jd: 152, An-km-Av: 118 t\mp-I.
Cu kq-n Am-lp-hns\ ]n]-pI Fv ]d-bp--Xn\v ]Icw \nfpsS dn-\nv Cd--s Jp-Bs\ ]n]pI FmWv ]d--Xv. kqw
196-, \nbw Fs kwc-I {K-an-d-nb AmlphmIp-p, Ah k\-sf sXsc-s-Sp-p--h-\tm Fp-]-d-n-pv. AXp-sImv {Ks
apdp-sI-nSnv Pohn-m kamK-n-embn Fw.
4. F{X-sb{X \mSpI-sf-bmWv \mw \in-n-n-p--Xv, \psS hn]v Ahcn cm{Xn-k-a-bv Hmm-]p-dp hp-]-Xnp As-n ]I kabv Ah kwkm-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-tm.
5. \psS hn]v hp]Xn--tm, Ah-cpsS apd-hnfn, \nbw R
A{I-an-Ifmbn-tm-b-tm- F--msX asm-p-am-bn-cp-n.
ABw: 47s hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. kPZ: 26, Ahpapv F{Xsb{X \mp-Im-sc-bmWv \mw \in-n-Xv, Ah-cpsS hmk--e-n-eq-sS-bm-Wtm
Ch \S--pt]m-Ip--Xv, Atm ChXp kamKZi-\-n\p Imc-W-am-Ipn-t-sbp tNmZn-p-p. Jm^v: 36, Chpapv F{X-sb{X icpw {]_ecp-amb \mp-Im-sc-bmWp \mw \in-n-np-Xv, Atm Ah Acw \mSp-Ifn k-cnp, Ahsc klm-bn-m h c-I-cp-ap-m-bn-cp-tm-sbv At\zjn-p Isnbnntsbp tNmZn-p-p. lv: 45, A{I-an-I-fmb F{Xsb{X \mSp-I-sf-bmWv \mw \in-n--Xv, Ah AXns taq-cItfmSp IqSn XISnp InS-p-p, F{X-sb{XInW-dp-I-fpw sIm-mc-fpamWv D]-tbm-K-iq-\y-ambnXo-Xv Fp]d-npv. An-bm-Av: 11, A{I-an-I-fmb F{X-sb{X \mSpI-sf-bmWv \mw Xcn--W-am-n-b-Xv, ]ns \mw AXn\ptijw asm-cp P\-Xsb
\p-h-fn sImp-h-p Fp]d-bp-p. 1415 kq-fn, \in-n--s-Sptm Ah-cpsS apd-hnfn, \nbw R B{I-an-I Bbntmb-tm- Fm-bncpp Fp-]-d-n-p-v. _Jd: 57, A-Bw: 131-- 133
---hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
6. Atm Bcn-te-mtWm {]hm-N-Iam Ab--s-Xv Ahsc \mw
tNmZyw sNpIXs sNpw, Bsc-bmtWm {]hm-N-Iam-cmbn AbXv Ah-scbpw \mw tNmZyw sNpIXs sNpw.
hn[n-Zn-h-k-n Ckvdm-Av: 13-14 kq--fn ]d, Ah-c-h-cpsS ]nc-SnI-fn _n-n-p I-tcJ lmP-cm-p-I-bpw, \_n-am-scbpw ap kmn-Isfbpw sImphcn-Ibpw, Jp-B-\-\p-k-cnp Ahn-S-bn hn[nIn-p-Ibpw
sNp-sav kpa: 69epw 75epw ]d-n-p-v. Atm BcmtWm Jp-B-\ns
Bi-bs Xpem-kmbn Cl-tem-Iv D]-tbm-Ks
- -Sp-n-bXv Ah-cpsS I-v
am{Xsa ]c-n Xq-ap-m-bn-cn-p-Ibpp. amCZ: 67-s- I-\ \S-n-em-
12
JpB\ns Bmhv
pI am{Xta {]hm-N-IamcpsS _m[y-X-bp-q. Jp-B Inn-bnv ]n]-m-hsXn-cmbn Ah-cpsS Xs sXmen-Ifpw ImgvNbpw tIhnbpsamw kmyw
hln-p--Xm-Wv Fv ^pzn-e-v: 19-24, bmko: 65, knkne: 4 Fo kqfnsemw ]d-n-pv. ^mnl: 3, An-km-Av: 41-42, amCZ: 109, A-Bw: 165
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
7. As\, \mw Xs XnI Adn-thmSpIqSn Ahv Ign-p-t]m-bsXmw hnh-cnp- sIm-Sp-p-X
- m-Wv, \nbw \mw Hcn-epw Ah-cn\nv
adv\nph\mbn-cppan-.
_Jd: 255, Ben-Cw-dm: 5, amCZ: 105, A-Bw: 59 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
"\mw Xs Ah-tcmSv hnhcw ]d-vsIm-Sppw' Fv ]d--Xns hnh Hmtcmcp--cp-sSbpw ]nc-Sn-bn _n-n-p I-tcJ Ducn-sb-Spv \In-sImv \o
\ns {Kw hmbn-p-I, Ct Zn\w \ns hnNm-cW \S-m \o Xs Gw
aXnbmbh-\tm Fv Ckvdm-Av: 14 ]d--Xm-Wv.
8. CtZn\w Xqw kXyn-\m-Ip-p. Atm BcmtWm Ahs Xqw
hn-n--Xv, Aq- Xs-bmWv hnPbw hcn-p-h.
9. BcmtWm Xs Xqw eLq-I-cn--Xv, Aq- Xs-bm-Ip-p Xsf
kzbw \jvSs
- -Sp-n-bh
- . Fp-sIm-s-m Ah sFln-It- em-Ip
\psS kq--tfmSp A--X ssIsm-n-cphcm-bn-cp-p.
lJv (kXyw) Jp-B-\m-Wv. _Jd: 147 t\mp-I. apAvan\q: 102103 kq-fn, BcmtWm Xs `mcw hn-n--Xv, Aq- Xs-bmWv hnPbw hcn-pI. BcmtWm Xs `mcw eLq-I-cn--Xv, Aq- Xs-bmWv Xsf kzbw
\jvS-s-Sp-n-b-h-cpw, \c-I-n imiz-X-cp-sap ]d-n-pv.
AJm-cnA:
67, Atm BcmtWm Xs `mcw hn-n--Xv, Ah ku`m-Ky-nepw kwXr]vXn-bn-ep-am-bn-cn-p-sap ]d-n-p-v. 89 kq--fn, BcmtWm Xs `mcw
eLq-I-cn-Xv, Ah "-lmhnb'bn -I-n-bm-fp \c-Iw -bn B]-Xn-p-Xp-am-sWv ]d-n-p-v. Cl-tem-Ip Fm-Im-cy-fpw Jp-B-\m-Ip Xpemkp-sImv Xqn-t\mn Xs I`mcw hn-n--W-sa-pw, PohnXeyw
kmm-XvI-cn--W-sapw B{K-ln-pIbp-amWv hnizm-kn-I sNsXv. JpB- t \mSv A- X - b pw, hntcm- [ hpw ImWn- m AhsXn- c mbn Jp- B
kmn\np-Ibpw hmZn-p-I-bpw sNp--Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm-mWv Jp-B\ns
Bi-b-samw Adn-np AXns\ aqSn-shp asmcp Pohn-X-amKntev P\sf \bn-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I hnNm-c-W-bn-msX \c-I-n t]mIp-Xv.
An-km-Av: 145 t\mpI Jp-B Inn-bnv D]-tbm-Kn-m {ian-mh hnNmcW Ign--Xn-\p-tijw Iqw-Iq--ambn \c-I-n-tep sXfn--s-Sp--Xm-sWp
kpa: 71 ]d-n-pv. _Jd: 186, Ben-Cw-dm: 136, A-Bw: 49,157 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
AAvdm^v (7)
13
10. \n-bw, \mw \nsf `qan-bn Xmakn-n-p-I-bpw, AXn \nv

\mw PohnXhn`- h - Hcpncn- I bpw sNbv X p. \n- f n\nv
A]wt]cmsX \n ImWn-p-n.
Xzmlm: 124-127, Jp-B\ns Bi-b-s BcmtWm Ah-K-Wn--Xv, Ah\v
Cl-tem-Ip CSp-nb Pohn-X-hn-`h--fm-Wp--Xv. Jnbm-ap\mfn \ma-hs\
IpcpS-\mbn ]p\Po-hn-n-sm-cp-anp Iqp--Xp-am-Wv. Atm Ah tNmZn-pw:
Fs \mYm, Fs FmWp Ipcp-S-\mbn ]p\Po-hn-n-Xv, F\nv sFln-I-temIv In\p ImgvN-bp-m-bn-cp--tm, Atm Amlp adp-]Sn ]d-bpw: A{]Imcw \n\p In\p ImgvN-bp-m-bn-cp-Xpt]mse Fs kq- \n\p
hp-In-n-bn-cp-p, Atm \o AXns\ hnkva-cnp, A{]-Imcw \obpw Ct-Zn\w
hnkvac
- n-s
- -n-cn-b
- m-Wv. Ckvdm-Av: 72, BcmtWm Cl-tem-Ip Jp-B\ns
Bi-bt- mSv AX\Sn-X
- v, Ah ]c-tem-Ip A\pw t\amKn \np
hgn-]n-g--h-\p-am-bn-cn-psap ]d-n-p-v. ^pJm: 34, Jp-B Inn-bnv
D]-tbm-Kn-m--h X-fpsS apJw Ipn \c-I-n-tev hen-n-g--s-Sp-sa-pw,
Aq- Xs-bmWv Ghpw tami-amb m\-p--h-cpw, t\amKn \np
hgn-]n-g--h-cp-sapw ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 22-24, Ben-Cw-dm: 79, A-Bw: 2526,55
t\mpI.
"\n-fn A]wt]cmsX \n {]I-Sn-n-p-n' Fp-]-d-Xpw, aqmw
kq-n "\nfn A]wt]cmsX lrZbwsImv kvacn-p-n' Fp-]d-Xpw Hp-X-s-bm-Wv. Bbn-cn Hv \n-{]-I-Sn-n-p--hcpw sXmmbn-cnsXmpn HXv \n-sI--h-cp-am-bn-cn-p-sap An-km-Av: 118 s hni-ZoI-c-W-n \_n (k) ]Tn-n-n-p-v. (_Jd: 152 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.)
Am-lp-th, Rsf \o Jp-B-\ns Bibw sImv Ftmgpw \ns
kvacn-p--hcpw \n-{]-I-Sn-n-p--h-cp-am-t-W-ta, Rsf \o Jp-B-\ns
Bibw aqSn-sh-p \n-sI--h-cpw, Fmw \jvS-s--h-cp-amb \ntj-[n-I-fm--cptX.
11. \nbw, \mw \nsf krjvSnp, ]ns \mw \nsf BIrXn \In
cq]-s-Spn, ]ns \mw ae-p-I-tfmSp ]d-p: \n-sf-m-hcpw BZans apn kpPqZv sNp-I, Atm C_veoskm-gnsI Ahscm-hcpw
kpPqZv sNbvXp. Ah kpPqZv sNp--h-cn DsSpI-bp-m-bn-.
lnPv: 2831, Amlp ]d-bp-p: \ns dv ae-p-Isf hnfnp ]d
k`w kvac-Wo-b-amWv, \nbw Rm, apn-bm i_vZ-ap-m-p ZpKw
han-p-, Idp Hn-n-Sn-p Ifn-a-p-sImv a\p-jysc krjvSnpI-bpw,
As\ Rm Ahs\ cq]-s-Spn Fs dqlv Ah-\n DuXp-Ibpw sNbvXm
\n-sf-m-hcpw Ahs apn kpPq-Zn hog-Ww. C_veoskm-gn-sI ae-p-I
Fm-hcpw kpPqZn hoWp, Ah kpPq-Zv sNp--h-cn-eps-Sm hnk-Xw
14
JpB\ns Bmhv
ImWn-p. a\p-jys krjvSn-ns\pdnv hni-Z-ambn a\-n-em-m _Jd: 28,
Ankm-Av: 1 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. ChnsS ae-p-I-tfmSv kpPqZv sNm ]d-tm C_veokv kpPqZv sNbvXnsv ]d-bp-tm C_veokv ae-n s]Sph-\-t-sbv tNmZnt-mw.
Ilv^v: 50, Ah Pnn s]-h-\m-bn-cp-p
Fpw _Jd: 34, kzmZv: 74 Fo kp--fn Ah Im^n-dpI-fn s]-h-\m-bncpp Fpw -]-d-n-p-v.
kpPqZv sNm ae-p-Isf A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNbvXpsImm-Wv ]d--Xv
Fn-cn-s, C_veokv kpPqZv sNbvXnm Fp]d--Xv Fp-sIm-mWv? a\pjy-vapv kzX{ krjvS-nI-fmb Pnp-Ifmbn-cpp `qan-bn Am-lp-hns {]Xn\n-[n-I. B Pnp-I-fpsS t\Xm-hm-bn-cpp C_veokv. Pnp-Isf a\p-jy-cpsS
app krjvSn-n-p-m-bn-cp-sp lnPv: 27 ]d-n-p-v. Pnp-I A{I-anIfpw [nm-cn-I-fp-ambn amdn-b-tm C_veokns t\Xr-Xz-n- ae-pI Ahsc
\in-n-p-I-bp-m-bn. t\XrXzw C_veokn\v \In-bXv Ah kzX-{-kr-nbmb hnizm-kn-bm-bn-cp-Xv sImm-Wv. kamKhpw ZpamKhpw sXc-s-Spm\h-Imiap kzX-{- kr-jvSn-I-fmb a\p-jy-tcmSpw Pnp-I-tfmSpw Amlp
\n_-np In-p-Ib
- n-, Fm ae-p-I Am-lp-hns I-\I
- ]qambn A\p-k-cn-m IS-a-s kzmX-{y-an-m krjvSn-I-fm-Wv -Alvcow: 6
t\mp-I. am{X-a A\p-k-c-W-bp ae-pIfm-bn-cpp B kZ-nse `qcn-]w
AwK--, C_veokv am{Xta kzX-{-\mb krn-bmbn AhnsS Dm-bn-cp-p-q.
AXp-sIm-mWv A`n-kw-t_m-[\w ae-pIsf hnfn-p-sIm-m-b-Xv.
12. Amlp tNmZn-p: Rm \ntmSv In--tm kpPqZv sNm-Xn-cn-m
FsmmWv \nvs XS-Xv? C_veokv ]d-p: Rm Ah-t\mfpw
D-a-\m-Wv, Fs \o Xobn \nmWv krjvSn--Xv, Ahs\ \o krjvSnXv Ifn-a-n \np-am-Wv.
lnPv: 3233, Amlp tNmZn-p: Hm C_veokv, kpPqZv sNp--h-cn DsSm-Xn-cn-p-hm \n\-sp ]n? Atm Ah adp-]Sn ]d-p: apn-bm i_vZap-m-Ip ZpKw han-p Idp Ifn-an\nv krjvSn a\p-jy\v kpPqZv
sNp-hm F\np]n- Fpw kzmZv: 75 Hm C_veokv, Rm Fs ssIsImv
krjvSn-h
- \v kpPqZv sNp-X
- n\np \ns XS-X
- v FmWv? \o Al-cnpp-thm?, AtXm \o HunXyw \Sn-p-h-cn s]Sp-h-\mtWm? Fv Amlp
tNmZn-p: kzmZv: 76-, Rm Ah-t\mfpw D-a\
- m-Wv, Fs \o Xobn \nmWv
krjvSn--Xv, Ahs\ \o krjvSn-Xv Ifn-a-n \np-am-Wv Fv Ah adp-]Sn ]d-Xmbn ]d-n-p-v.
13. Amlp ]d-p: As\-sb-n \o ChnsS\nv CdntmhpI,
\n\v Cu kzK-n Al--cn-m HpI-bn-, AXpsImv \o
]pdpt]mhp-I. \nbw, \o kzbw \nyX sXsc-s-Sp--h-cn
s]-h Xs-bm-Ip-p.
AAvdm^v (7)
15
lnPv: 3435, \o ChnsS\nv ]pdpt]mhp-I, Atm \nbw \o

ImcpWyw hne--sAI--s--h-\m-Ipp Fp-]-d-bp-p. \nbw \nsta
hn[n-Zn-hk\mfp-hsc im]-ap-v. kzmZv: 77-78epw CtX-Imcyw Bhn-p-p-v.
kzbw Al--cn-v Am-lp-hns B{ib-an-m--h-\m-b-Xp-sIm-mWv Ah kzKn\nv ]pd-m--s--Xv. AtXm-Sp-IqSn Ah Bi-b--h-\mb C_veokmbno-cp-Ib
- pw, ap-h
- sc hnv Bibh-cmn amm {iaamcw-`n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
A-tmgmWv Ah ImcpWyw hne--s ]nimNv (ssizm) Bbn-o-Xv.
lrZ-b-n ISp-Ip-a-Wn-q--tmfw Al-m-c-ap Hcmpw kzK-n {]thin-m km[y-a-. Al-m-cs Icn-m-\p {]Im-i-amWv Jp-B-\ns Bibw. An-km-Av: 174-175 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. {]Xm-]-a-t\z-jn-tXpw B{ibn-t-Xpw {]Xm]apS-b-h\pw sFiz-cy-hm-\p-amb Am-lp-hn am{X-am-Wv, Am-hscmw \ntj-[n-bmb ]nim-Nns IqsS \c-I-n-te-p-am-Wv t]mhpI. Ankm-Av: 138-139 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Am-lp-hns\ ad-p-sImv P\--fn
{]Xm-]-a-t\z-jn-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I hnNm-cW
-- bn-msX \c-I-n t]mIp-h-cm-Wv.
Am-lpth Rsf \o [mjvTyap-hcpw Al-m-c-ap--hcpam-cptX!
Rsf \o hn\o-Xcpw \ns am{Xw `b-s-Sp--hcpamt-Wta! _Jd: 165166
t\mpI.
14.
Ah ]d-p: Chsc ]p\Po-hn-n-s-Sp- \mfphsc F\nhkcw \In-bm-epw.
lnPv: 36, Ah ]d-p: Fs \mYm, Chsc ]p\Po-hn-n--s-Sp

\mfp-hsc F\np Ah-kcw \In-bm-epw. kzmZv: 79epw CXm-hn-n-p-v.
15. Amlp ]d-p: \nbw \ov Ah-kcw \Is-hcns-n-cn-pp.
kzmZv: 37 Amlp ]d-p: Atm \nbw \o Ah-kcw \Ishcn s]ncnp-p. kzmZv: 80epw Cu kqw Bhn-n-p-v. C_veokv Amlp-hn-t\mSv tNmZnp: Fs \mYm, Fs ISn-m (lpZv: 55-56) \ns ]-embn-cn-s, \o Dtin-nv Xs-bt Rm kpPqZv sNm-Xn-cp-Xv? Atm F\nv
\o Ah-kcw \I-Ww. (kqw 17 t\mp-I). Atm Amlp ]dp: \n\v
Ah-kcw Xn-cn-p-p. BZ-ans\mcp km-\s \Ip-tmsgmw \mw \n\psamcp km-\s \Imw. B km-\-sf D]-tbm-Knv Hmtcm a\p-jy-cpsSbpw lrZ-b
- n IqSpIqpIbpw c-n-eqsS k-cnpIbpw sNbvXpsImpI.
B ]nim-Nns km-\-amWv a\p-jy-cpsS Pnp-Iq-p-Im-c. _Jd: 152, AnkmAv:
38 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
16. Ah ]d--p: Atm \o GsXm-cphs I
- m-cy-n-emtWm Fs eyt_m[w \jvSs
- -Spn ZpamKn-If
- n AI-s-Sp-n-bXv, Ahpthn
16
JpB\ns Bmhv
\ns sNmmb amK-n Rm Ccn-p-d-n-pI Xs sNpw.
lnPv: 39 C_veokv ]d-p: Fs \mYm, Fs \o ey-t_m[w \jvSs--h-cn s]Sp-n-b-tm, `qan-bnse PohnXw Ahv (a\p-jyv) Rm Aem-c-amnsImSp-pI Xs sNpw, Ahsc apgp-h\pw ey-t_m[w \jvS-sSpn ZpamKn-em-p-Ibpw sNpw. kzmZv: 82-epw CXp Xs-bmWp C_veokv
]d-bp-X
- v. samw Jp-B\ns Bi-ba
- mWv Am-lp-hn-te-p sNmmb amw
(kzndm-p apkvX-Jzow.). AXn \nmWv ]nimNp XS-bp-I. ^mnl: 5, _Jd:
85, BenCwdm: 10, A-Bw: 126 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
17. ]ns Rm Ah-cn, Ah-cpsS apn-eqsSbpw Ah-cpsS ]nn-eq-sSbpw
Ah- c psS he- X p- ` m- K - n- e q- s Sbpw Ah- c psS CS- X p- ` m- K - n- e q- s Sbpw
hcnIXs sNpw. Ah-cn A[n-I-t]-scbpw \n-bp--h-cmbn \o
Fn-p-I-bpan.
lnPv: 40-, Ah-cn \np \n\-p-thn am{Xw Pohn-phscm-gnsI
_mn Fm-h-scbpw Rm ]mn-empw Fp-]-d-n-p-v. kzmZv: 83Dw CtXB-i-b-n-ep kq-am-Wv. Ckm: 3, \nbw a\p-jy\v \mw Hp-In
\n-{]-I-Sn-n-ph As-n \n-sIh Fo cm-semcp amKw sXscs-Sp-m-\p kzmX-{yw \In Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
]nim-Nns kwL-ns hnhn[ kwL-S-\-I-fn tNv apivcn-p-Ifmbno apkvenwIsf ]nimNv ]ng-n-p-I-bn, adn-v Am-lphns kwLamb hnizm-kn-I-sfbmWv ]nimNv kao-]n-p-I. Fm \lv: 99mw kp-{]Imcw XfpsS \mY-\n khkzw `c-tan- hnizm-kn-I-fpsS ta ]nim-Nn\v
bmsXmcp kzm[o-\-hp-an Fp-]-d-n-pv.- Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-Ibpw
]Tnnp-Ibpw sNbvXvsImv Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs ZpX-s\bpw Pohn-n-p, klm-bn-p-, in-s-Sp-p hnizm-kn-Iv a\pjy-]n-im-Np-fpw, Pnp]n-im-Np-fpw am{X-a BImi `pan-I-fn-ep kkzhpw Iogvh-W-m hn[n-s-n-cn-p-p. _Jd:102, Ben-Cw-dm:191, An-km-Av: 118 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
18. Amlp ]d-p: \o ChnsS\nv \ny\pw ImcpWyw hne--s--h-\pambn ]pd-p-t]m-hp-I. Ah-cn \ns ]n]-p--hscsmpw, \nsf-smpapgp-h\pw \mw \cIw Ipn-\n-d-pI Xs sNpw.
lnPv: 4143 kq-fn, Atm CXm-sWs amKw, \n-b-am-bnpw
Fs ASn-a-I-fp-sS-ta \n\-v (]n-im-Nn-\v) Hcp kzm[o-\-hp-an-. ey-t_m[w
\jvS-sv \ns ]n]-p--h-cn-sem-gn-sI. Atm Ah-tcm-sSmw hmKvZw
sNbvXn-p-Xp \c-I-hp-am-Wv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. kzmZv: 84-85 Amlp ]d-bp-p:
Atm kXyw Rm ]d--Xm-Wv, \nssmpw Ah-cn\nv \ns ]n]n-b- apgp-ht]scsmpw Rm \cIw Ipn-\n-d-pI Xs sNpw. \msf
AAvdm^v (7)
17
hnNm-c-W-p-tijw ]nimNv Xs "F\nv \n-fn bmsXmcp kzm[o-\hpw Dmbn-cp-n-, Rms\mv hnfn-p-t\mn F---msX; Atm \n Fs hnfn-pcw \In. AXp-sImv Cv \n Fs
Ip-s-Sp-t-, \n-sfs Ip-s-Sp-n-sm-pI' Fp-]-d-bp cwKw C_vdmlow: 22- ap-dn-bnv
\In-bn-p-v. (kPZ: 1314, lqZv: 118-119 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 166167 hni-Zo-I-cWwt\mp-I.
19. Hm BZ-ta, \obpw \ns CWbpw Cu kzK-n Xma-kn-p-sIm-p-I,
\n cp-t]cpw D-t-inpw{]Imcw kzK-n \np I\n-I
btYjvSw `n-p-sIm-pI. Cu Hcp hr-ns I\n-tbmSv \n
cp-t]cpw ASp--cp-Xv. As\ sNbvXm \n cp-t]cpw A{Ian-I-fns]-p-t]m-Ip--Xm-Wv.
Xzmlm: 117-119 Am-lp-]-d-bpp: \nbw Ch \n\pw \ns CWpw
i{Xp-hm-Ip-p. Atm \n kzK-n \nv ]pd-m-sSm CS-hcm-Xn-cn-s. As\ kw`-hn-m \n Zu`m-Ky-hmam-cm-bn-ocpw.
\nbw \n\v Cu kzKn hni-p-I-tbm, \X shfn-s-Sp-I-tbm-bn. \nbw \n\v ChnsS NqtSm, oWtam A\p-`-h-s-Sp-Ibpan-. _Jd:
20. Atm ssizm Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-n tXmn-n-p. Ah-cpsS
tKm]y-amb Kply-m-\- ]ckv]cw shfn-s-Sp-p--Xn-\pthn,
Ah Ah-tcmSp ]d-p: \n cp-t]cpw ae-p-Ifm-bn-o-cp-Itbm, As-n \n \nXy-Po-hnXw ssIh-cn-p-h
- tcm BImXn-cnp-Xn\v thn-b-msX \nfpsS \mY Cu hrssmv \nsf
XSn-n.
Xzmlm: 120-121 kq-fn Amlp ]d-bpp: Atm ssizm Ahs
lrZ-b-n a{np. Hm, BZta! Rm \n\v \nXy--Po-hnXw {]Zm\w sNp-Xpw, A-an-m B[n-]Xyw \Ip--Xp-amb Hcp hrspdnv ]dv Xcttbm? A-s\ Ah cp-t]cpw AXn \nv `n-p. Atm Ah-cpsS
tKm]y-amb Kplym\- Ahv shfn-hm-bn. Ah kzK-nse Ce-I-sfSpv s]mm XpS-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. BZw Xs \mYs\ [n-cn-p. As\
ey-t_m[w \jvS-s--h-\m-bn. _Jd: 36, ABw:112 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
21. Ah cp-t]-tcmSpw Ah BW-bnp ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp: \nbw
Rm \n-fpsS KpW-Im-wn-I-fn s]-h Xs-bm-Wv.
22. As\ Ah h\sImv Ahsc cp-t]-scbpw Iogvs-Spn.
As\ Ah cp-t]cpw B hr-ns I\n cpNn--tm, Ahv
Ah-cpsS tKm]yamb Kply-m-\- shfn-sSp-I-bpw, kzKnse
18
JpB\ns Bmhv
hr--fpsS Ce-IsImv Kply-m-\- s]mm XpS-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Ah cp-t]-cp-sSbpw \mY Ahsc hnfnp tNmZn-p: \nsf cp-t]-scbpw B hrssmv hne-nbncpnt? \nbw
ssizm \n cp-t]-cp-sSbpw hy-amb i{Xp-hm-sWv Rm
\n-tfmSp ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-nt?
_Jd: 37 t\mp-I. Xzmlm:122, ]ns At-lns \mY Atls sXsc-s-Sp-p-I-bpw, At-ls sIms aS-p-Ibpw kamKnem-p-Ibpw sNbvXp Fp]d-n-p-v.
23. Ah cp-t]cpw {]mn-p: R-fpsS \mYm, R R-tfmSp
Xs A{Iaw {]hn-p. Rv \o s]mdpv Xn-n-s-n,
\ns ImcpWyw R-fn hjn-n-p-an-s-n \nbw R \jvSs--h-cn Ds-SpIXs sNpw.
kpa: 63, Am-lp-hns Bb-p-I aqSn-sh--hcmtcm, Aq- XsbmWv Fmw \jvS-s--h-scp ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 121, Ben-Cw-dm: 4 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
24. Amlp ]d-p: \n-sf-m-hcpw Chn-sS-\np Cdntm-hp-I, \nfn
Hcp-hn-`mKw asmcp hn`m-K-n\v i{Xp--fmIpp. \nsmcp \nnX
Ah[nhsc `qan-bn hn{i-a--ehpw ]mn-Shpw Pohn-X-hn-`-h--fp-apv.
Xzmlm: 123, \n cp-t]cpw, asm-hcpw \nfn Hcp-hn-`mKw asmcp
hn`m-K-n\v i{Xp--fm-bn-sm-v ChnsS\nv CdntmhpI. Atm Fn
\np lpZm (kamKw) \np hp-In-n-bm, BcmtWm Fs amKs
]n]-p-X
- v, Ah hgn-]n-g
- p-It- bm, a\w app-Itbmbnsp ]d-n-p-v. ChnsS
]d lpZm _Jd: 38 ]d lpZm Xs-bm-Wv. Cv samw a\p-jyv
AXv Jp-B\ns BibamWv. _Jd: 2,185 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
\n Hcp-hn-`mKw asmcp hn`m-K-n\v i{Xp--fm-sWv ]d--Xv, a\p-jycn \np hnizm-kn-Iv a\p-jy-cn \np \ntj-[n-I, {]tXy-Inv ]nimNp--fmb ap\m-^n-Jp-I i{Xp--fm-Wv. Pnp-I-fn \np ]nim-Np-fpw a\pjy-cpsS i{Xp--fm-Wv FmWv. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Am-lp-hn-tbpw hnizm-knI-fp-sSbpw i{Xp-hm-sWv ^pzn-e-v: 28-- ]d-n-p-v. ap\m-^n-Jq: 4,
Ah-cmWv i{Xp-, Atm- Ahsc kqn-pIsbv I]Shnizmkn-Isfpdnv
]d-n-p-v. Pnp-Iq-p-Im-cs\ hnizm-kn-bm-t _m[yX a\p-jy-\n-em-Wp--Xv.
A-Bw: 98,112 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
25. Amlp ]d-p: \n AXn-emWv -`qan P\n-t--Xv, AXn Xs-
19
AAvdm^v (7)
bmWv \n acn-t--Xpw.
sSp--Xp-am-Wv.
AXn\nv Xs \n ]pd-s-Sp-hn-
_Jd: 28, An-km-Av: 1 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. BZ-ans apXp-In Ay-\mhsc-bp a\p-jy-cpsS Bm-sf shn-mW v, BZw Z-Xn-Isf ico-c-tmSp-IqSn Amlp kz-n \np `qan-bn-tendp--Xv. `qan-bn h BZapw
lbpw `qan-bpsS Xs LS-I--f-S-nb Ce-Ifpw ]g-fpw Imb-I-fp-samw `np-Ibpw, Ah-bn \np c-ap-m-hp-Ibpw B c-n\nv C{n-bw cq]-sSp-Ibpw sNbvXp. As\ ]nXm-hns "kp_n' \npw amXm-hns "Xdm-C_n' \npw sXdnp hogp (A-zm-cn-Jv: 57 t\mpI) C{n-b-p-n-IfpsS
Awiw sImmWv a\p-jy-cpsS icocw Dm-p--Xv (Ckm: 2 t\mp-I). 4mw
amk-n, amXm-hns K`-]m-{Xn hf-cp, hnhn-[-L-- XcWw sNbvX
an{inXamb \pXzp-^-bn,]nXm-hns apXp-In\nv Bm-hpw Poh\pw tNp
dqln-s\ FSpv ae-v aptJ\ Bhm-ln-n-p-p (kp-a: 6, kPZ: 79 Iqn-hm-bnp-I). BZ-ans dqlv Amlp Xs t\cnp \Ip-I-bm-sW-n, Cukm-bpsS
dqlv Pn_vco aptJ\bmWp Amlp Bhm-ln-n--Xv. a\p-jy-cp-tSXv {]tXyIw
Gn--s ae-p-I aptJ-\-bpw. Bmhpw, ico-chpw Iqn-bn-Wn krjvSnph FmWv "apkzn' F KpW-\m-a-ns Bi-bw. liv: 24 Iqn-hm-bnp-I.
an\nmWv a\p-jys ico-c-ap-m-n-b-Xv. apkvenw-I acnv icocw
J_-d-S-n-bm Xzmlm: 55 {]Imcw ""\nsf Rm krjvSn-Xp CXp-sIm-m-Wv,
CXn-tev Xs-bmWv \nsf \mw aS-p--Xpw, CXn\nv Xs asmcp
{]mhiyw \mw \nsf ]pd-s-Sp-hn-p-Ibpw sNp''-sap Dcp-hn-p-sImv aqp]nSn aphmcn- J_-dn-\p-ap-I-fn CSmdpv. Fm Jp-B\ns Bibw Adn-bm-Xn-\m CXv tIhew Hcp NSv am{X-ambn Xon-cn-p-p. ap-sIm-pm-nb icocw dqln\p k-cn-m-\p hml-\-am-Wv, dqlv ico-c-n\nv
th]n-cn-bp-tm-gmWv acWw kw`-hn-p--Xv. C\n Ay-Zn\n `qan-bn
J_-dS-
- nb ico-c
- n dqlv Bhm-ln-np cm-aXpw Pohn-n-p-X
- p-am-Wv. AXmWv, Bmsf ico-c-hp-ambn Iqn-bn-W-p-Ibpw sNp-tm Fv A-Ivho:
7 ]d-Xns s]mcp. Atm a\p-jy-cpsS krjvSnv kzK-n \S-v,
`qan-bn Hmw P\-\hpw cmw ac-Whpw \-S-p-p, hn[n-Zn-hkw cmw P\\w
\S-p-p.
26. Hm BZw kXn-I-tf, \nbw \mw \nv \n-fpsS Kply-m-\ ad-pI-bpw, ico-cs cn-p-Ibpw Ae--cn-p-Ibpw sNp
hkv{Xw Cd-n--n-cn-p-p. XJvhbmIp hkv{Xw, AXmWv Ghpw
D-aw. AXv Am-lp-hns kq--fn \npXm-Wv. Ah
lrZbwsImv kvacnv ]mT-apsm-m thn.
arK-fpsSbpw ]n-IfpsSbpw Xqh-ep-Ipw NnX--ep-Ip-amWv "coiv'
20
JpB\ns Bmhv
Fp-]-d-bp--Xv. AtX m\-mWv a\p-jyv hkv{Xw F-mWv ChnsS ]d-Xv. AXp-sIm-mWv icocs cn-pIbpw Ae-c
- n-pIbpw sNp hkv{Xsav ]d--Xv. XJvhbm-Ip hkv{Xw kzK-n-te-p- Snmb samw JpB\ns Bi-b-am-Wv. _Jd: 2 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Am-lp-hns I\
[n-cn-pI hgn BZw Z-Xn-I-fpsS XJvhbm-Ip Cu (B-m-hns) hkv{XamWv kz-n shp Dcn-p-t]m-b-Xv. AYhm Bm-hns `-Whpw hkv{Xhp-amWp Jp-B\ns Bi-bw. Aw-kv: 8 Fm \^vkn\pw XJvh Bhm-lnnp Fp]dXv Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-am-Wv. lqZv: 88-- ipsF_v \_n Xs
P\-X-tbmSv ]dp: Hm, P\-ta, \n {in-n-ptm? Rm Fs \mY-\n
\np Hcp hy-amb shf-]m-Sn-em-Wp--Xv. Fs Ah-\n \np Ghpw
\ `-Ww Dup-p-ap-v. ChnsS ]d Ghpw \ `Ww FXv sImv
Dt-in-p-Xv Bm-hns `-Whpw hkv{X-hp-amb Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-am-Wv.
Xzmlm: 131- \ns \mYs `Ww XsbmWv Ghpw D-ahpw mbn-bmbn-p-Xpw Fv ]d-Xpw Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-s-p-dnv Xs-bm-Wv. _Jd:
121, 148, AnkmAv: 3, ABw: 90 t\mp-I. \n-fn Ghpw D-a, JpB\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp--h-cm-sWp \_n ]Tnnn-cn-p-p.
27. Hm BZw km-\--tf, ssizm \n-fpsS amXm-]n-Xm-sf kzKn\nv ]pd-s-Sp-hn-p-I-bpw, Ah-cpsS Kply-m-\- ]c-kv]cw
shfnsSpp-X
- n-\p-thn hkv{Xw Ducn-f
- bpIbpw sNbvXXpt]mse,
\nsf Ah \min-eI
- s
- -SpmXncn-s
- . \nbw Ah\pw Ahs
tKm{Xmcpw \nsf Ip-sIm-n-cn-bmIp-p, \n Ahsc ImWm- Ah--bnepw ka-b--fn-ep-samw. \nbw sNIp-mamsc \mw
hn-izm-kn-I-f-m--hv cm-[n-Im-cn-I-fm-n-bn-cn-p-p.
AAvdm^v: 15 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. "Amlv' F kvac-W-bn\nv XSbp--Xn-\p-thn, Jp-B\ns Bi-bn \nmWp ]nimNv XS-bp-I. As\
Bm-hns XJvhbm-Ip hkv{XaWn-bm Ah A\p-h-Zn-p-I-bn-. (amCZ: 9091 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). Alv: 99100 kqfn, \nbw ]nim-Nn\v,
X-fpsS \mY-\n `c-tan-p hnizm-kn-I-fp-sS-ta bmsXmcp kzm[o-\-hp-ans-pw, Ah\p kzm[o-\-ap-Xv, Am-lp-hn\nv apJw Xncnhcn-epw, Ahs
A[n-Im-c-mh-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp--h-cn-ep-am-sWv ]d-n-p-v. Am-lphns kwL-sam-gnp (ap-Pm-Zne: 22) asm kwL-S-\-Ifpw ]nim-Nns kwL-amWv (ap-Pm-Zne: 19). _Jd: 257, amCZ: 55-56, ABw: 158t\mp-I.
28. Ah Hcp \oN-hrn sNbvXm ]d-bp-p: A-Xv R-fpsS ]qn-Icmb
]nXm--fn R Isnbnp--XmWv, AXv Amlp R-tfmSv
In-n-p--XpamWv. {]hm-N-Itc Ah-tcmSp ]d-bp-I: \nbw Amlp
Hcn-epw \oN-hr-n-I In-p-Ib
- n-. \nv Adn-hn-m Imcy-
AAvdm^v (7)
21
\n Am-lp-hnsta ]d-bp-pthm?
Pmln-en--mmes Ad-_n-IfpsS (BWpw s]pw) \-cm-bn-sIm-p
IA_m {]Z-nWspdn-mWp Cu kqw ]cm-ain-p--Xv. P\n--Xpt]mseXsbmh-Wsav Icp-Xn-sm-m-bn-cpp Ah As\ sNbvXn-cp-Xv. AXn-\-h Ah-cpsS ]nXm-amsc Iqp-]n-Snp-Ibpw, Amlp In--XmsWv hymPw ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-p.
Cv Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-an-msX {Kw hln-p- apkvenw-I-fpsS Ah
AXntesd hyXn-N-en-n-p--Xmbn Jp-B DmgvNZmbIambn D]-tbm-K-s-Spn-bm a\-n-em-m-hp-X
- m-Wv. ap kap-Zm-b
- s
- f-m Fm Xn-If
- nepw Ah
ap]-n-bnepw \-bn ]nn-ep-am-Wv. Ckvem-an P\-\w, hnhmlw, ac-Ww XpSn
Fmw hfsc Ffp-hpw \oXn-bp--hp-am-Wv. Fm Cv apkvenw-I-fpsS CS-bnemWv CsXmw hfsc {]bm-khpw \oXn-c-ln-X-hp-ambn ImW-s-Sp--Xv. \nbw
\a-kvImcw \oN-hpw \ojn--hp-amb {]hn-Isfsmv XS-bp-I-Xs sNpw
Fv AI-_pv: 45- ]d-n-p-s-n, Cv Ncym-]-c-ambn \a-kvI-cn-p--hcmWv ]en-i, NpXmw, I--Sv, Ipg]-Ww, ]qgvn-shv, Icn, ambwtN, NXn, h\, hmv]m-en-m-Xn-cn-, I-km-ywh-ln-, sIm,
sIme,If-hv, _emkw-Kw, hy`n-Nm-cw, kzh-kw-t`m-Kw, a{w, amcWw, [qv,
]nip-v XpS-nb Fm ss]im-NnIhrn-Ifnepw A-hn-izm-k-fnepw ap]n-bn \np--Xv. `panv BWn-bmbn m]n--s-n-p ]-X-sf \ncm-p--Xn-epw, hb-ep-I \nIn sIn-S- sIn-sm-n `pan-bpsS kp-e\w
\jvSs
- -Sp-p-X
- nepsamw Jp-B `mcw hln-p Igp-Xsbtmse hln-p
apkvenw-I XsbmWv apn. (\lv: 61 t\mp-I). Am-lp-hns\ Ipdn- vAdn-bm-Xv ]d-bm ]nimNv In-p-Xm-Wv. _Jd: 169170, ABw: 144,157
29. ]d-bp-I: Fs dv \oXnbpw \ymbhpwsImv In-pp. Fm
]n-I-fnepw \a-kvIm-c-th-f-bn \n-fpsS apJw Ah\pt\sc- BWsapw, PohnXw apgp-h Ah-\v am{Xam-n-sImv \n Ahs\
hnfnp {]mn--W-sa-p-amWv \n-tfmSv In-n-p--Xv. F{]-Imcw
Ah \nsf XpS--n krjvSn-p-thm, A{]-Imcw Ah \nsf
aS-p--Xp-am-Wv (hopw krjn-Sn-p--XmWv).
^mnl: 4 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. a\p-jy Xs Pohn-Xs {kjvSmhns hn[n-hn-e-p-I-f-\p-k-cnp Nn-s-Spn Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn PohnWsa-mWv I]n-p--Xv. \oXnbpw \ymbhpw sIm-pt-in-p-Xv Jp-B\ns
Bibw Xs-bm-Wv. (A-n-kmAv: 135, amCZ: 8 Iqn-hm-bn-pI). \a-kvImcw JpB kan-p Am-lp-hns\ lrZbwsImv Ip-sIm-m-bn-cn--W-sa-pw,
\a-kvIm-c-nepw {]m-\-I-fnepw am{X-a-, Fm-bvtmgpw "Amlv' F kvacWbn \ne-sIm--W-sa-p-w In-p-p. (_Jd: 186, Ben-Cw-dm: 191, An-
22
JpB\ns Bmhv
km-Av: 103, PpapA: 10 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). a\p-jy F{]-Imcw Cu
temIv krjvSn--s-p-thm, A{]-Imcw ]ctemIv cm-aXpw krjvSn--s-Sp-Xm-Wv. Av Cl-tem-I-s Xs ]Xn-\v hb-n-\p-ti-j-ap Hmtcm PohnX-\n-an-jspdnpw {km-hns apn Ah H-sm--mbn IWv t_m[nn-tn hcn-Ibpw sNpw. A-Bw: 94,130 t\mp-I.
30. Hcp hn`mKw kamKnepw, asmcp hn`mKamIs, Ah-cp-sS-ta hgntISpw _m[-I-am-bn. Fp-sIm-s-m Ah Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsX
]nim-Np-sf X-fpsS cm-[n-Im-cn-If
- mn shpI-bpw, \nbw Ah
kamKn Xs-bmWv Ncn-p--sXv IWpIqp-IbpwsNbvX-p.
_Jd: 28,256-257 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. _Jd: 38- ]d
Jp-B-\ns Bibw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-b-h-cmWv kamK-n-ep--h. 39-
]d, Jp-B aqSn-sh--hcpw Xn--d--h-cpamb \c-I-hm-kn-I-fmWv hgn-tISv
_m[-I-am-b-h. Ilv^v: 103, Amlp \_n-tbmSv tNmZn-m ]d-bp-p: {]hrn-I apgp-h ]mgmbn t]mb-h-cm-cm-sWp \mw \nv hnhcw ]dp Xcs-tbm? 104, Cl-tem-Iv Ah-cpsS {]b-Xv\- ]ng-n-cn-p-p, Fm
Ah IW-p-Iq-p-p, \nba-h DXv]m-Zn-n-p-Xv \-Xm-sW-v. 105, Aq X-fpsS \mYs kq- aqSn-sh--h-cpw, Ahs\ Ip-ap-p-sa hkvXpXsb \ntj-[nh-cp-am-Wv. Atm Ah-cpsS {]h-\- \njv^-e-ambn Ignp. hn[n-Zn-hkw Ahv Xpem-kn Xq-ap-m-hp-I-bn-. (AAvdm^v: 89 hniZo-I-cWw t\mpI). Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nv t]mbm Ah ]nim-Nns
sIWn-bn-e-I-s-SpI-bpw, kamKn\nv hgn-]n-gpIbpw sNpw. ^mnl:
7, _Jd: 175, An-km-Av: 118 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
31. Hm BZw km-\--tf, \n Fm ]n-I-fnepw \n-fpsS Ae-m-c kzoI-cnp-sIm-p-hn. \n Xnp-Ibpw IpSn-p-Ibpw sNbvXpsIm-p-hn. \n AXn-cpI-hn-bm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-hn. \nbw
AXn-cpI-hn-bp--hsc Amlp CjvS-s-Sp-n.
Fm ]n-I-fnepw \n-fpsS Ae-m-c- kzoI-cn-p-Isbp ]d--Xns
Dt-iyw, Fm \a-kvIm-c-th-f-bnepw ]q-ambn hkv{Xw [cn-p-I-bpw, icochpw
ehpsamw ipn-bp--Xm-bn-cn-p-I-bpw, kpK{Zhy-fpw apw D]-tbm-Kn-pIbpw thW-sa-m-Wv. Fm ùXnI `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS apnepw, hnhm-lmtLmjNS-p-I-fnepw apw hrn-bnepw `wKn-bnepw hkv{Xw [cn-sp apkvenwI cmPm-[n-cm-Ps apn \np-tm jn-m-sX-bpw, epnbpw, ssIenbpw
AXp-t]mte ap apjn hkv{X--fWnpamWv {]Xy--s-Sp--Xv. Cu kqns I-\-b-\p-k-cn-mWv Dn Xnp-sImv \a-kvIm-c-n\v hc-cp-sXp
\_n ]Tn-n--Xv. ap--hv shdp-p-f-hm-p ZpKw han-n-p coXn-bnep ]pI-h-entbm `-W-km-[-\- D]-tbm-Kn-tm, hnbp-\m--tmSv IqSntbm
atm \a-kvIm-c-n\p lmP-cm-I-cp-sX-mWv ]Tn-n-p--Xv. Hv \a-kvI-cn-p-I-
AAvdm^v (7)
23
bm-sW-nepw kzbw shdp-p Ccw ZpK--fpw kz`m-h-Kp-W-fpw Hgn-hm-W-sa-pw kqw In-p-p. An-km-Av: 43 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Fm `-W-hn-`h-fpw a\p-jyv D]-tbm-Kn-m thn-bmWv Amlp
krjvSn-n-p--Xv. AXp-sImv Ah D]-tbm-K-s-Sp--W-sa-pw, AXp Inn-bnp
]nipv ImWnp-h Im^n-dm-sWpw An-km-A:v 3738 ]d-n-p-.v Fm
Ah {kjvSm-hns\pdn-p kvac-W-bn-msXbpw [qmbpwsImv D]-tbm-Ks-Sp-p-I-bm-sW-n Ah ]nim-Nns ktlm-Z-cam-cm-sWpw, ]nim-Nm-hs
Xs dn-t\mSv \ntISv ImWn Im^n-dm-sWpw Ckvdm-Av: 27 ]d-n-p-v.
(^pJm: 67, Ass: 521 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 187 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI.
32. tNmZn-p-I: Amlp Xs ASn-a-Ip-thn ]pd-s-Sp-hn-n-p Aem-c-fpw ]cn-ip--amb `-W-hn`h--fn \np--hbpw Ahv
\njn--am-nbh BcmWv? ]d-bp-I: Ah ùXn-I-Po-hn-X-n hnizmkn-Ip--Xm-Ip-p, hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn AX-hv am{X-ap--XpamWv.
A{]-Imcw \mw \psS kq- Adn-hp- Hcp P\-X-p-th-n hyambn hnh-cnpI-bm-Ip-p.
Fm `Whn-`-h-fpw Ae-m-c-fpw Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmb
hnizm-kn-I D]-tbm-Kn-p--XmWv Amlp CjvS-s-Sp-Xv. Fm ]nim-Nn\pw I]Shnizm-kn-Ipw ]c-tem-Iv \cIin-bmWpXv F-Xn-\m \njv]-hm-\mb ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I Cl-tem-Iv Ahv Pohn-X-hn-`-h- btYjvSw
\In-bn-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. Pohn-X-eyw a\-n-em-nb hnizm-kn-I "]ns Fm
A\p-{K-l-sfpdnpw \n tNmZywsN-s-SpI Xs sNpw' F AIm-kp: 8mw kqw Dsm-vsIm,v Fmw A\p-{K-l-fpw Amlv F
kvac-W-tbmSv IqSn anX-ambn am{Xw ChnsS D]-tbm-Kn-p-Ibpw ]c-n \Im-Xncn-cptX Fv lrZbw sImv {]mnpXpam-Wv. ^mnl: 2, _Jd: 172,
amCZ: 100, ABw: 91-92 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
33. ]d-bp-I: \nbw Fs \mY \njn--am-n-bn-p--Xp \oN-hr-n-Ifn
\np {]XyambXpw ]tcm-a
- m-bX
- pw, Ip-Ir-Xy-f
- pw, \ymbw IqSmsX-bp AXn-{I-a-fpw, Amlp bmsXmcp {]am-Whpw Ah-X-cn-n-nn-m--Xns\ \n Amlphns ]m-fn-bm--ep-w, \nv AdnpIq-Sm Imcy- Ahsta ]d-b-ep-amIpp.
A-Bw: 151-152 kq-fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. "Ipw' Fm,
Xs DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hn-t\mSv Iqdpw `nbpw ImWn-m kuI-cy-ap-m-bnpw
hogvNh
- c
- p-p-Ibpw, Ahs Xr]vXn t\Sp-X
- n Adn-p-sImv Aew-`mhw ImWnp-Ibpw sN-em-Wv. Icp-Xn-qn sNp--Xn-s\-Ip-sa-pw, A_--n sNp-Xn\v sXv Fp-amWv ]d-bp-I. \ymbw IqSm-sX-bp AXn-{I-a-sav ]d-m,
24
JpB\ns Bmhv
lJv AYhm Jp-B IqSm-sX-bp Duw\Sn-epw s]mw \Sn-epw Al-cn-epw Akq-b- Im-Wn-epw ]pdw]qv ]d-b-epw, ]WvUn-X-\m-sW `mhw \Sn-ep-sa-mam-Wv. AAvdm^v: 146, Jp-B\ns Bibw IqSmsX `qan-bn ]WvUnX-\m-sWv Al \Snp \S-p--hsc Amlp Jp-B kq-sfsmv
]nn-cn-np If-bpIXs sNp-sap ]d-n-p-v. Ben-Cw-dm: 79, An-kmAv: 48, AAvdm^v: 28 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-pI.
34. Fm Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-n\pw Hcp n]vX-amb Ah-[n-bp-v. Atm
Ah-cpsS \nP-s-Sp-nb Ah-[n-sb-n--gn-m ]ns Ahsc
Hcp\nanjw ]nn-p-I-bn, Hcp \nanjw apn-p-Ibpan-.
_Jd: 254, A-Bw: 2 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
35. Hm BZw kXnItf, \nv Fs kq- hgn-p-h-gn-bmbn
hnh- c np Xcp \n- f n \np ZqXam hm, Atm
BcmtWm Fs kq- ]n]-pI-bpw, \S-]S- nI \m-n-opIbpw sNbvXXv, AhcpsS-ta `b-s-Smt\m Ahv Zp:Jnmt\m CSh-cn-I-bn-.
_Jd: 38,185 kq-f
- psS hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mp-I. Nne I-hm-Zn-I "Fs
kq- hgn-p-h-gn-bmbn hnh-cnp Xcp \n-fn \np ZqXam hm'
Fv ]d-Xv hf-s-mSnvsImv, "dpkp' ZqXam F _lphN\w {]tbmKn--Xn-\m apl-Zv \_nv tijhpw ZqXam hcpw Fv {]N-cn-n-p-p-v.
kqn BZw km- \ - tf Fv h nfnXv , samw a\pjykaqls
bmsW hkvXpX hfsmSnv, aplZv \_nbpsS \ntbmKn\v
tijaphscam{Xw A`nkwt_m[\w sNpXmbn sXncnnv aplZv
\_nbpsS Imetijw \_nam hcpsa AhcpsS IhmZw kanpIbmWv
CXneqsS sNpXv. Alvkm_v: 40-mw kq-n "apl-Zv \n-fn Hcp ]pcpjsbpw ]nXm-h, adnv Am-lp-hnsZqX\pw \_n-amv ap{Z-shvsImv
hh\p-am-Ip-p' Fv IWniambn ]d-npXn\m aplZv \_nv tijw
{]hmNI F, \_nt]mepw hcnIbn. aplZv \_nsb AAvdm^v: 157-158
kq-v hncp--ambn, apkvenwIfpsS am{Xw \_n-bmbn Ah-Xcn-nphcpw
]nghXsbm-Wv. An-km-Av: 171173 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
36. BcmtWm \psS kq-sf If-hmn Xn--d-bp-I-bpw, AXnt\mSv
Fmw ]Tnv XnI--h-\m-sW Al ssIsIm-p-Ibpw sNp-Xv,
Aq- \c-I-ns kl-hm-kn-Ifpw Ah-c-Xn\nXy-hm-kn-Ifp-am-Ipp.
AAvdm^v: 40, kpa: 59 kq- Iqn-hmbnp-I. _Jd: 39,121, amCZ: 10,
ABw: 25-26 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
AAvdm^v (7)
25
37. Atm Am-lp-hnsta Iw sIn--ap ]d--h-t\-m Asn Ahs kq- Xn--dp If-hm-n-b-h-t\-m Ghpw
henb A{I-an-bm-cm-Wp--Xv? Aq-cm-hs {K-n \np-smcp
hnlnXw e`n--h-cm-Ip-p. As\ Ahsc acn-n-pXn\p-thn
\psS ZqXam Fn--gn-m, Ah -B
- -- ae-p-I Ah-tcmSp
tNmZn-pw, \n Am-lp-hns\qSmsX hnfnp {]mn-n-cp-h
- s
- cw
Ctm FhnsS? adp]Sn ]d-bpw: Ah-scms Rsf hgn-]n-g-np
R-fn\nv hnpt]mbn-f-ncn-p-p. \nbw, Ah \ntj-[nI-fmb Im^ndpI Xsbm-bn-cpp F-v Ahs-Xnscs kzbw
kmywhln-p-Ibpw sNpw.
bmko: 70-, Cu Jp-B Ah-X-cn-n-n-p-Xv Poh-\p--hsc ap-dn-bnv
\Ip--Xn-\pw, \ntj-[n-I-fm-b-h-cp-sS-ta inm-hn[n \S-n-em-hp--Xn\pw thnbm-sWpw, AlmJ: 50-, \n-bw, Cu Jp-B Im^n-dp-IfpsS-ta Zp:Jn\v
Imc-W-am-Ip-Xv Xs-bm-sWpw ]dn-p-v. Rm \ntj-[n-bm-bn-cpp Fv
kzbw k-Xn-msX Hcm-sfbpw \njv]--hm-\mb Amlp \c-In {]thinn-p-I-bn-. kpKvdp-^v: 30-31, kXyw (Jp-B) Ahv hp-In-n-b-tm Ah
]dp: CXv amcW-am-Wv, \nbw CXns\ R \ntj-[n-p--h Xs-bmWv. Ah tNmZn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp: Fp-sImv Cu Jp-B alm\mSp-I-fnse
(a-, XzmC^v) alm-\mb Hcp ]pcp-j\v Cd-sn? Pmknb: 11-, CXv kamKam-Ip-p. BcmtWm X-fpsS \mYs kq- aqSn-sh-p--Xv, Ahv thZ\m-P-\-I-amb in-bp-apsv ]dn-p-v.
Cv Cu kq-n ]d Am-lp-hns ta Iw sIn--ap ]dbp- A{I-an-I, Bibw a\-n-em-n-bnv apSn-sh-v hf-sm-Snp ]d-bp I]-S-hnizm-kn-I-fm-Wv. Ahs kq- Xn--dp If-hm-n-b- A{I-an-I Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-m km[m-cW
-
- m-cp-am-Wv. Cu cv Iqcpw apkvenwI-fn \nv am{X-am-Wv. hnizm-kn-I ^mnl: 7mw kqn tIm]n--s-h-cp-sSbpw hgn-]n-g--h-cp-sSbpw amK-n-e Fv ]d-bp-tm- Cu cv hn`m-Kt-bp-amWv a\-n ImtW--Xv.
_Jd: 24,254, Ben-Cw-dm: 10, A-Bw: 130 t\mp-I.
38. Ah-tcmSp ]d-bpw: \np apv Ign-p-t]m-bn-p Pnp-I-fn
\npw a\p-jy-cn \np-ap kap-Zm-b--tfm-sSmw \nfpw \c-I-n
{]th-in-p-sIm-p-I. Fm Hmtcm Xe-ap-dbpw AXn {]th-in-p-tm
AXns ktlm-Z-c-Xe-ap-dsb i]n-p--Xm-Wv. As\ Ah-sc-m-hcpw
B \c-I-n CSp-nb ev Hcp-anpIqSnbm, ]nKm-an-I
apKman-Isf a- amXm-]n-Xm--sf Nqn-m-Wnp ]d-bpw: RfpsS \mYm, Cq--cmWv Rsf hgn-]n-g-n--Xv Atm Chv \o
\c-I-n \np Ccn in \In-bm-epw. Ah-tcmSp ]d-bpw: Fm
26
JpB\ns Bmhv
Hmtcmpw Cc-n-Xsbpv, ]t \nfXv Adn-bp-n-.
{kjvSmhv amXm]nXm-sf Gn av, kzKn-te-p Sn-mb

Jp-B\ns samw Bibw ]Xn-\v hb-n\p apv \Im-Xn-cp-m- \msfhcmt]mIp cwK-amWv Cu kq-n-eqsS Amlp ap-dn-bnp \Ip--Xv.
X-fpsS av Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-n-msX ùXn-I-Po-hnXw tamSn-]n-Snn-m-\p hnZym-`ymkw \In DuwsImp amXm-]n-Xm- `b-s-p-sIm-pI. Fm- Hmtcmpw Cc-n-bpv Fp-]-d-Xns hnh-, Ah-c-h JpB\ns Bi-b-amb Sn-s-Sp-msXbpw kamKw ]n]-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXXn-\p inv ]pdsa apw, ap-a-\p-jypw AXv XS--Xn-\p inbpw IqSn e`n-p-sa-mWv. kzKhpw \c-I-hpw {]mb-]qn-bmb Fm Hmtcm-cp-cpw ChnsS shv ]Wn-bp--Xm-sWv Ben-Cw-dm: 136, 182 kq--fpsS hniZo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I.
kzmZv: 5558 XmKq-n-\S- n-as
- v Pohn-h
- v \cI-n- e`n-m t]mIp
hnhn-[- tPmUn-I-fmb inm-I-tTm-c--sf-p-dnv hnh-cn--tijw 59- Amlp
]d-bpp: Cu kwLw \n-tfm-sSmw tNcm-\p--Xm-Wv. Atm \c-I-n-sent kwLw ]dbpw: Ahv Chn-tSv kzmK-X-an, \nbw Ah-scmw \cI-n thhns-Sp-IX-s-sNpw. 60-, ]nKm-an-I Ah-tcmSv ]dbpw: A;
\nmWv kzmK-X-an-m--Xv. \n Rv apv B \c-I-n-tev hh-cm-W-tm, Atm \cIw F{X-tam-i-s Xma-k-ew! 61-, ]nKm-an-I ]dbp-w: R-fpsS \mYm, R-fpsS apKm-an-Iv in Ccnbmbn hn-n-psIm-Sp-m-epw. 62-63, \c-I-hm-kn-I-sfmw ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpw: \ap-s-p-]n?
\mw tami-s--h-scv IW-m-n- ]cn-l-kn-n-cp--h-sc-sbmpw Cu \c-I-n
ImWp-n--tm. AtXm \psS Iap-n Ah hcm-Xn-cn-p-I-bmtWm? 64-
Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw \c-I-nse \nhm-kn-I A{]-Imcw Xn-p-saXv kXyw Xs-bm-Wv. _Jd: 166167, An-km-Av: 85,118, A-Bw: 26,8990 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
39. apKm-an-I ]nKm-an-I-tfmSv - am-Xm-]n-Xm- a-tfm-Sv ]d-bp-Ibpw
sNpw: Atm R-tfm \nv t{ijvT-X-bp-m-bn-cp--tm,
AXp-sImv \n km-Zn--Xn-\p in \n Xs cpNn-p-sImp-I.
R-tf-m \nv t{ijvT-X-bp-m-bn-cp-tmsbp -am-Xm-]n-Xm-
atfmSv ]d-bp--Xns hnh, R-fpsS Imep Jp-B\ns Bibw ]dp-X-cp kZ-p-I-fp-m-bn-cp-n-, R-fpsS `mj-bn- Jp-B\n-s Bi-b{Kw Cd-n-bn-cp-n-, R-fpsS Imev Jp-B\ns Bibw tIm-\p
tSv dn-mUdp-Itfm, Sohn, hoUntbm, Iyq--dp-Itfm Hpw km-{Xn-I-am-bn-cpn-, Ah-sbmw hmnm\pw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m\pw Rv km-n-Itijn Dm-bn-cp-n XpSn apKm-an-I-tf-m ]nKm-an-Ip Fm A\p-
AAvdm^v (7)
27
{K-l
- fpamWv. Amlp \Inb A\p{K-l
- Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-bn AYhm
Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-m\pw ]Tn-n-m\pw D]tbmKs-Sp-m-Xns {]Xn^-e-ambn \n km-Zn-Xv \n Xs Bkz-Zn-p-sIm-p-I FmWv ap-dnbnv \IpXv.
\nv R-fpsS ta Hcp t{ijvT-Xbpw Dm-bn-cp-n-. Atm \n
km-Zn-p-sIm-n-cp--Xn-\p in A\p-`-hn-vsIm-pI Fv amXm-]n-Xm-
]nKm-an-I-tfmSv ]d-bp--Xp-amWv Fpw Bi-b-ap-v. Bcpw Bscbpw Ip-s-Spn-bnp Imcy-an-, Ah-c-hsc Xs Ip-s-Sp-pI FmWv hnNm-cW Ign-Xn-\p-tijw ]nimNv ]d-bp-I-sbv C_vdm-low: 22epw, amXm-]n-Xm-sf Ipw ]dnpw {]tbm-P-\-ap-m-hp-Ibnsv AAvdm^v: 173- epw ]d--np-v._Jd:
105,134,286, A-Bw: 104 t\mp-I.
40. \n-b-w \psS kq-sf Xn--d-p If-hm-p-Ibpw, AXnt\mSv
Fmw ]Tnp XnI--h-\msWv Al \Sn-p-Ibpw sNp--h-cmtcm,
Ahpthn BIm-i--fpsS hmXn-ep-I Xpd--s-Sp-I-bn-, Ah
kzK-n {]th-in-n--s-Sp-I-bp-an-Xpm-cs kqNn-bpsS Zzmcn-eqsS HIw {]th-in-p-Xp hsc. A{]-Im-ca
- mWv \mw {`mamv
{]Xn-êw sImSp-p-I.
kqw 36epw Chn-sSbpw, Jp-B\ns\ Xn--dp If-hm-p--h
apkvenwIfn-ep km[m-c-W-m-cmb ^mPn-dp-I-fpw, kq-sf sIms Fmw
]Tnp XnI-hcmsWv Al-c
- n-p-h
- ap\m-^n-Jp-If
- p-am-Wv. Ch cpIqcpw
IqSn-b-XmWp {`mam-cmb apPvcnao-. (A-Bw: 55 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
Zpjn B-m-hns acWw hnh-cntijw \_n (k) Cu kq-amWp Xnemhp sNbvX-Xv. BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS {]Imi-amb Am-lp-, Ahs {]Im-i-amb
Jp-BsImv Al-m-c--sfmw Icn-p-I-fv P\n--Xp-t]mse acn-p--hsc
am{Xta, kzKn- {]th-inn-pIbp-q. Ben-Cw-dm: 102, An-km-Av: 174-175
Fm a\p-jycpw kzK-n-emWv krn--s--Xv. _Jd: 28,38, An-kmAv: 1 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. kzK-n-ep "Cn-o-\n'-emWv Fm hnizm-kn-Ifp-sS Bmhpw {]h-\-fpw tcJ-s-Sp-p--sXn, \ntj-[n-I-fp-tSXv \cI-n-ep "kno-\n'-emWv. A apXz-^n-ô: 7-,18 t\mp-I. apl-Zv \_n "CkvdmAv h anAvdmPv'\mfn ico-c-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv kzK-n t]mbn Am-lphns\ A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNbvX-sX-n hnizm-kn-IfpsS Bmhv Jp-B-\m-Ip
{]Imihml\w D]-tbm-K-s-Spn Fm Av t\cs \a-kvIm-cfnepw kzKn t]mbn "A-ln-mv' \n-ln-t--Xm-Wv. A-Xn\v thn-bmWv aplZv \_nsb ico-c-tm-Sp-IqSn kzK-n-tev sImp-t]m-hp-Ibpw AhnsS shv
Av t\cs \a-kvImcw \IpIbpw sNbvX-Xv. (Ckvdm-Av: 1 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I).
Jp-B-\n-m]w {]h-\--sfmw BIm-iw-hsc am{Xta Dbp-I-bp-
28
JpB\ns Bmhv
q, Ahn-sS-\nv kno-\n-tev B]-Xn-p--Xp-am-Wv (lv: 31 Iqn-hmbnpI).

_Jd: 186, An-km-Av: 48 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Cu kq-ns "auC-f-p lk-\v' Xmsg ]dbpw {]Im-c-am-Wv.
\nbw Am-lp-hns {Kw Xnem-hv sNp-Ibpw AXns\ kXy-s-Sp-pIbpw sNp--h-cp-tm, Ahvthn kzK-I-hm-S- Xpdv sh-s-SpIbpw Ah hnNm-c-W-bn-msX kzK-n {]th-in--s-Sp--XmWv. A{]-Im-camWv Am-lp-hns\ IvsImv Ncn-p--hv \mw {]Xn-êw sImSp-p-I.
41. Ahv \c-I-n XosImp sXmn-ep-I-fp-v, Ah-cpsS aosX
Xozm-e-bm-ep ]pX-p-I-fp-ap-v. A{]-Im-c-amWv \mw A{I-an-Iv
{]Xn-êw sImSp-p-I.
A{]-Im-c-amWv \mw A{I-an-Iv {]Xn-êw sImSp-p-I Fv ]d--Xnse
A{I-an-I, kqw 40 ]d Jp-B kq-sf Xn--d-p If-hm-p ^mPn-dp-Ifpw, AXnt\mSv Fmw ]Tnp XnI--h-\msWv Al \Sn-p-
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw Xs-bmWv. kPZ: 22- Amlp ]d-bpp Xs \mYs
kq- lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn Hmn-n--s-Sp-Ibpw ]ns AXns\ AhK-Wnv t]mhpIbpw sNp--h-s\-m henb A{Ian Bcm-Wp-Xv? \nbw
Ccw {`mam-tcmSv \mw {]Xn-Imcw sNpI Xs sNpw. _Jd: 254, amCZ:
45, ABw: 25, AAvdm^v: 37 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
42. BcmtWm hniz-kn-p-Ibpw kI- A\p-jvSn-p-Ibpw sNp-h--Hcp \^vkn\pw AXn\p hln-m Ignbm D-c-hm-Zn-
\mw Npa-n-bn-n Aq- kzK-ns kl-hm-kn-Ifpw Ah-c-Xn
\nXy-hm-kn-I-fp-am-bn-cn-pw.
kqw 36 ]d--h-cpsS hn]-coX kz`m-h-ap--h-cmWv Cu kq-n
]cm-ain-p hnizm-kn-I. Cv kI- A\p-jvSn-p-I FXv sImv
Dt-in-p-Xv hniz-kn-p-Ibpw B hnizmkw P\--fn-tev Fn-vsIm-Sp-pIbpw sNp-I FXmWv. AXmWv \n-fn Ghpw D-a JpB\ns Bibw
]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp--h-cmWv Fv \_n ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcp.
Ah-km\ Imev JpB\ns Bibw AW-v D]-bm-Knv ISnv ]Sn-n-cn-Wsav "l-p hnZm-C' shvXs \_n ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcpfpw asm. _Jd: 38, 285286, ABw: 151-152 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
43. Ah-cpsS s\-I-fn-ep ]c-kv]c hntZzj-sf \mw \on--f-bp-Xpw, Ah-cpsS Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS \Zn-I HgpInsmn-cn-p--Xpam-Wv. Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpw: Cu kzKw In---hw \s
amK-Zi\w sNbvX Am-lp-hn-\m-Ipp k-kvXp-Xn-bpw, Amlp
\s amK-Zi\w sNbvXn-p-m-bn-cp-n-s-n \mw amKZi\w
sNs-h-cm-Ip-am-bn-cp-n--tm. \nbw \psS \mY-s- Zq-Xam
AAvdm^v (7)
29
kXyw sImph-h Xsbmbn-cp-p. \n {]hn-p-sIm-ncp--Xn\p {]Xn-^-e-ambn Cu kzKw \n A\--c-mh-Im-i-ambn FSppsImp-I Fv hnfnp ]d-b-s-Sp-Ibpw sNpw.
hnizm-kn-I- Ah-cpsS lrZ-b--fn-ep ]c-kv]c hntZz-j-sf Jp-B-\ns
Bi-bw-sImv \on-I-f-v, Hico-c-sa-tmWw sFIy-stS-Xm-Wv. Ben-Cwdm: 910,101103 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. liv: 10-, aplm-Pn-dp-Ipw Akmdp-Ipw tijw h hnizm-kn-I "R-fpsS \mYm, Rpw R-fpsS
apv hnizmkw-sImv apI-S R-fpsS ktlm-Z-c--pw \o s]mdp-p-X-tcW-ta, R-fpsS lrZ-b--fn \o hnizm-kn-I-fm-b-h-cp-sS-ta ]Ibpw shdppw
Dm-cptX. RfpsS \mYm, \nbw \o Ir]-bp--h\pw Imcp-Wy-a-cp-fp--h\p-atm' Fv {]mn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--h-cmWv Fp]d-n-p-v.
kzKw Cl-tem-Iv {]hnp hmt--Xm-Wv AYhm `qan-bn kzKw
]Wn-bm-\mWv kzK-n krjvSn a\p-jysc `qan-bn-tev \ntbm-Knb-p-Xv.
kPZ: 19, hniz-kn-p-Ibpw B hnizmkw P\-v Fnv sImSp-p-Ibpw
sNp--hv kzKw A`-b-ambn, Ah {]hn-psImn-cp--Xn\v hncp-mbn
e`n-p-sav ]d-n-p-v. bq\p-kv: 910 kq-fn, A\p-{Klkq-amb
B kzK-n hnizm-kn-I-fpsS {]m\ "Am-lp-th, \o ]cn-ip--\m-sWpw',
Ah-cpsSbpw Ah-tcm-Sp-ap A`n-kw-t_m-[\w "kam-[m\w kam-[m\w' Fmbncnpsapw ]-d-n-pv. AhcpsS Ah-km-\s samgn \nbw, Ftm-gpw
Fhn-sSbpw k-kvXp-Xnbpw k-tem-I--fp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb Amlphn-\m-Ipp
Fmbncnpw. ^mnl: 1, Ben-Cw-dm: 136 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
44. kzK-hm-kn-I \c-I-hm-kn-Isf hnfnp tNmZn-p--Xp-am-Wv: R-fpsS
\mY R-tfmSv sNbvX hmKvZm-\--sfmw bYm-ambn R
Isn. Atm \nfpsS \mY \n- t fmSv hmKvZw
sNbvXncpsXmw bYm-ambn \nfpw Is-ntbm? Ah ]dbpw, AsX. Atm Hcp hnfnp-]d
- b
- p-h Ahn-Sb
- n\nv hnfnp
]d-bpw: \nbw A{I-an-I-fp-sS-ta Am-lp-hns im]-ap-v.
45. Am-lp-hns amKn\nv P\-sf XS-bp-Ibpw, AXns\ hfsmSnv _pn-ap-p--Xmn amm {ian-p-Ibpw sNbvX-hv, Ah ]ctem-IwsImv \ntj-[n-h Xs-bp-am-Ip-p.
Jp-B Inn-bnv kzbw D]-tbm-Kn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw ap-f-f-hv \ImsX
aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw AXns\ Ah-c-h-cpsS CwKn-X---\p-k-cnv Amlp Dt-in
Bi-b
- n\p hncp-a
- mbn hf-sm-Snp hni-Zo-Ic
- n-p-Ib
- pw sNp-h
- c
- p-sS-ta Amlp-hns im]-ap-v. Ah Xs-bmWv A{I-an-Ifpw sXmSnIfpw Im^n-dp-I-fp-samw. lqZv: 18-19 Am-lp ]d-bpp: Am-lp-hn-s- t]cn Iw sInap ]dbp--h-t\-m henb A{I-an-bmbn Bcpv? Aq- X-fpsS \mYs ASp-
30
JpB\ns Bmhv
lmP-cm--s-Sp--Xpw, Cq--cmWv X-fpsS \mYs t]cn Iw ]d-ncpsXv kmn-I samgn \Ip--Xp-am-Wv. Adn-n-cn-p-I, B{I-an-I-fp-sSta Am-lp-hns im]-apv. Am-lp-hns amKn\nv (Jp-B\ns
Bib-n\nv) P\-sf XS-bp-Ibpw, AXns\ hfsmSnp-hm {ian-p-Ibpw,
]c-tem-IssImv \ntj-[n-pIbpw sNbvX-h-cmWv A{I-an-I. ^pn-ev: 67
Amlp ]d-bpp: kmv \Im-Xn-cn-p, Am-lp-hn ]v tNpmWv \-c-Inse "-hbv' F sNcph.v Ah ]c-tem-IwsImv \ntj-[nh Xs-bp-am-Ip-p. ^mnl: 7, _Jd: 79, 99, amCZ: 57, A-Bw: 25-26,47
kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
46. Cu cp Iq-p-an-S-bn ad-bmbn Hcp `nnbpm-bn-cn-pw. AXns
apI-fn Fm Hmtcm-cp--scbpw Xncn--dn-bp Nne- B-fp-I-fp-ap-m-bncn-pw. As\ kzKhmkn-I-tfmSv Ah hnfnp ]d-bpw, \nbw
\n-fp-sS-ta kam-[m-\-ap-m-I-s. Ah B kzK-n {]th-in-nn-, Fm AXn\v AXn-bmbn B{K-ln-p-sIm-n-cn-p--h-cm-Ip-p.
47. Ah-cpsS ZrjvSn-I \c-I-hm-kn-I-fntev Xncns-m Ah ]dbpw:
RfpsS \mYm, Cu A{Ian-I-fmb P\-X-tbm-sSmw Rsf \o tNcp-tX.
lZo-Zv: 12, AtZn\w hnizm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jam-scbpw kv{XoI-sfbpw
Ah-cpsS apnepw ]nn-ep-samw {]Imiw hebw sNb-X-Xm-bnv \n\v ImWmw. Xmgv ` m- K - - f n- e qsS \Zn- I - s fm- g pInsmn- c n- p kzKq- t m- pIsfsmv Ah ktm-j-hm-b-dn-sSp-Ibpw sNpw. 13, Av I]-Shn-izm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSp ]d-bp--Xm-Wv, \nsfmp \npI, \n-fpsS {]Imisamp Rfpw D]-tbm-Ks
- -Sp-s
- . Atm
AhtcmSp ]d-b-s-Spw: \n \n-fpsS ]nn-tev (C-l-tem-I-t-v) Xncn-pt]m-hp-I, AhnsS\nv \n-fpsS {]Imiw (Jp-B) FSp-p-sIm-p-I. Atm
Ahv cp-Iq-p-an-S-bn Hcp Npa (`n-n) cq]-s-Sp-I-bpw sNp--Xm-Wv.
AXns D`mKw Imcp-Wyhpw ]pdw `mKw in-bp-am-bn-cn-pw. 14, Atm \cI-hm-kn-Ifmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I kzK-hm-kn-I-tfmSp hnfnp tNmZn-pw: R
Zp\n-bm-hn \n-tfm-sSm--am-bn-cp-n-t, hnizmkn-I adp-]Sn ]d-bpw: AsX ]t
\nsf \n Xs \in-n-p, \n Imn-cpp ImWm-sa-p Df-fn-en-cn-p-h-cpw, Cu \c-I kzKsfpdn-smw kwi-b-ap--h-cp-am-bn-cp-p. Am-lphns I\ \S-n-em-Ip-Xv (a-cWw) hsc \n-fp-sS- A-\p-am-\- \nsf
hn-pI-bpw, Am-lp-hns Imcy-n B alm-h--I \nsf hn-pIbpw sNbvXp. 15, Atm Ct-Zn-hkw \n-fn \ntm \ntj-[n-I-fn
\ntm {]mb-n-w kzoI-cn-p-I-bn-. \n-fpsS ktXw \c-I-am-Ip-p. AXmIpp \n-fpsS bP-am-\, F{Xtamis aS-
- e
- w Fpw ]d-npv. Xu_:
6768 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. _Jd: 254 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
AAvdm^v (7)
31
48. kzK-hm-kn-I-sfbpw \cIhmkn-I-sfbpw Ah-cpsS e-W- aptJ\

Xncn--dn-bp- Cu Bfp-I, \c-I-hm-kn-I-fn \np tIaam-sc
hnfnp ]dbpw: sFln-I-tem-I-p-m-bn-cp \n-fpsS kwL-_-e-tam,
\n- Al--cn-p-sIm-n-cp-tXm Hpw Ctm-fn-hnsS \nv
KpW{]Z-ambn ImWp-n-tm.
kzm^m-v: 50, kzKhm-kn-I ]c-kv]cw IqSn-t-cp-tm tNmZn-p-Xm-Wv: Atm Ah-cn Hcm ]d-bpw: F\np sFln-I-tem-I-smcp Iqp-Im-c\p-m-bn-cp-p. 52, Ah FtmSp tNmZn-p-am-bn-cp-p: \o kXy-s-Sp-p-h Xs-bmtWm? 53, \mw acnp apw Fp-ambn Xom \mw ]p\Po-hnnp Cl-temI Pohn-X-ns KpW-tZm-j \I-s-Sp-sav. 54, AhtcmSv, Ctm \n Ahs\ Fn-t\m-p-ptmsbp tNmZn-pw. 55,
Atm Ah Fn-t\mptm B Iq-p-Im-cs\ \c-I
- ns a[y-n ImWp-Xm-Wv. 56, Ah ]d-bpw: \n\p km[n-p-am-bn-cp-s-n \o Fsbpw
B \c-I-n-tep ]nSnp sImp-t]m-Ip-am-bn-cp-p. 57, Fs \mYs A\p{K-l-ap-m-bn-cp-n-s-n Rm\pw B \c-I-n \ntm-sSmw lmP-cm-Ip--hcn s]Sp-am-bn-cp-p. 5859, kzKhm-kn-I ]c-kv]cw hopw ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv,
Atm C\n \apvsFln-I-tem-I-n-ep a-c-WamsXChnsS acWan--tm, At. \mw inn--s-Sp--h-cn Ds-Sp-I-bp-an--tm,- At. 60, \nbw
CXv am{XamIpp al-mb hnP-bw. 61, {]hn-t--h {]hn-tXv CXp-t]m-ep kzKn-\p- th-n-bmbncn--Ww. kzKn ac-W-an-mXp t]mse \c-I-nepw ac-W-an-sp AAvem: 13 ]d-bp-p. ]ns AXn
ac-Wtam P\-\tam-bn-. \c-I-n sXmen Dcp-In-tm-Ip-tm-sgmw ]pXnb sXmen
shp-sIm-Sp-p-sap An-km-Av: 56 ]d-n-p-v. Xzmlm: 74, BcmtWm
Xs dn-tep {`m-\m-bn-smv hcp-Xv, Atm \nbw Ah\v \c-IIpWvT-ap-v, AXn-e-h acn-p-Ibn, Pohn-p-Ibpan Fp]dbpp. ap\m-^n-Jq:
6 t\mp-I. An-km-Av: 60-65 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
49. (kzK-hm-kn-Isf Nqn-smv) Am-lp-hns ImcpWyw Xosc e-`n-nn- -Fv \n BW-bnv ]dn-cp Cq--tcmSmWtm \n
kzKn {]th-in-p-sIm-p-I, \n-fpsS-ta `b-s-Sm\n-, \nv
Zp:Jnm\pw CShcn-Ibn Fp]d-b-s-n-cn-p--Xv.
sFlnItemIv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS sNdnb kwLs ]pn-p-sImpw ]cnl-kn-p-sImpw \ntj-[n-I, Ah-cpsS `qcn-]-nepw kwL-S\mlpnepw aXna-dp Al--cn-p-p-s-n ]c-tem-Iphcm t]mIp cwK-amWv ChnsS
Nqn-m-Wn-p--Xv. _Jd: 212 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. kzmZv: 6264 kq-fn \cIhmkn-I ]d-bp--Xp-amWv, \apsv ]n? \mw Xn-I-fn-em-sWv IWm-n-bn-cp Fn-bn-cp Bfp-I-sf-sbmpw Ctm ChnsS ImWp-n--tm.
\mw Ahsc ]cn-lm-k-ambn sXc-s-Sp-n-cp-p-h-tm. AX Ah \psS
32
JpB\ns Bmhv
ZrjvSn-I-fn s]Sm-Xn-cn-p-I-bmtWm? \nbw \cInse \nhm-kn-I C{]Imcw Xn-p-sa-Xv kXyw Xs-bm-Wv. Cv temIp `qcn-] kap-Zm-bamb ss{IkvX-h-cp-sStbm ssl-h-cp-sStbm kz`mh-a CXv, adnp apkvenw-I-fn
\np ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fp-sSbpw ^mPn-dp-I-fmb Im^n-dp-I-fp-sSbpw (apkvenwI-fnse
Fm kwL-S\-m-cp-sSbpw) kz`m-h-am-Wn-sXp Jp-B\ns shfn--n a\n-em-m-hp-X
- m-Wv. _Jd: 38, An-km-Av: 112113, ABw: 104-105,109-110,114117,144
50. \c-I-hm-kn-I kzK-hm-kn-Isf hnfnp tNmZn-p--XpamWv: \n
Rv Hcnpshw X-mepw As-n \nv Amlp \Inbn-p `-W-hn-`-hfn \np A]w Xmepw. Atm kzKhmkn-I adp-]Sn ]d-bpw: \nbw Ah-cpw Amlp \ntj-[n-I-fp-sSta \njn--am-n-bn-cn-p-p.
51. Ah X-fpsS Zo\ns\ (Po-hn-X-s) Ifnbpw Xam-i-bp-ambn sXscs-Sp--h-cmWv. ùXn-I-Po-hnXw Ahsc hn-p. Atm CtZn\w
Cu Znhks Ip-ap-psa-Xns\ Ah ad--Xp-t]mse \mw Ahscbpw ad-n-cn--bm-Wv. Ah \psS kq--tfmSv hntcm[wshp
Xn-p-sIm-n-cp--h-cm-bn-cp--Xn-\m-epw.
\c-I-n-ep amXm-]n-Xm- kzKnep atfmSpw \c-I-n-ep
a kzKnep amXm-]n-Xm--tfmSpw ]c-kv]cw tNmZn-p Zb-\o-b-amb
cwK-amWnhnsS Nqn-m-Wn-p--Xv. A{]-Imcw Ct-Zn-hkw \obpw hnkva-cn-s-n-cn--bm-Wv, Jp-B Inn-bnv Ins ImgvN Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tnm D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m--hsc A-cmbn ]p\Po-hn-nv Hcp-anv Iq-s-Spw.
Ah Fs \mYm, FmWv Fs A-\mbn ]p\Po-hn-n-n-p--Xv, F\np
sFln-I-tem-Iv In\p ImgvN-bp-m-bn-cp-tm Fp-]-d-bp-tm Amlp
\Ip adp-]Sn: A{]-Imcw \psS kq- \n\p hp-In-n-bn-cp-p, Atm
\o AXns\ hnkva-cn-p Fm-bn-cn-p-sap Xzmlm: 124126 kq-fn ]d-np-v. amCZ: 57-58 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. kPZ: 14, \c-I-hmkn-Isfpdnv, Atm \n Cu \mfns\ Ip-ap-W
- s
- ap hnkvac
- n-Xp t]mse
\nbw Ct-Zn\w \mapw \nsf hnkva-cn-n-cn--bm-Wv. \n {]hn-psIm-n-cp--Xn\p {]Xn-^-e-ambn imiz-X-amb \cIin \n cpNn-p-sIm-pIbpw sNp-I Fp]d-b-s-Sp cwKw ap-dn-bnv \Inbn-p-v. ^pn-e-v: 2628, Jp-B kq--tfmSv hntcm-[w-shv Xn-p Am-lp-hns i{Xpv {]Xn-^-e-ambn \cIw imizX- hoSmbn \Ip-sav ]d-n-p-v. \ntj-[nIfpw A{I-an-I-fp-a-msX \psS kq--sf-smv Xn-p-I-bn-sv bYm{Iaw AI-_qv: 47-49 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. amCZ: 44,45 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I. ^pJm: 27-30 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. epJvam: 31-32 Amlp
tNmZn-pp: \o In-t, \nbw Am-lp-hns Zrm---fn \nv \nsf
AAvdm^v (7)
33
ImWn-p--Xn-\p-thn Ahs A\p-{K-l-m kap-{Z-n I HmSp-Xv?

\nbw AXn am-ep-fpw \n-{]-IS- n-n-p-h
- c
- p-amb Hmtcm-cp-pw [mcmfw
]mT--fp-v. B kap-{Z-nse ]Xw t]mep Xnc-am-e-I Ahsc aqSn-bm
PohnXw apgp-h Am-lp-hn-\v kanpsImv Ahs\ hnfn-p--Xm-Wv. Fm
AXn\nv Ahsc c-s-Sp-n-bm Ah-cn anXXzw ]pep-h
- c
- p-v. kzbw
hn-X\pw \nsI-h-\p-am-bn-p--h-c-msX \psS kq--tfmSv hntcm-[w-shv
Xn-p-I-bn-. _Jd: 121,254, A-Bw: 70, AAv-dm^v: 3738 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
52. \nbw \psS XnI Adn-thm-Sp-IqSn hni-Zo-I-cn-n-pXpw, hnizmkn-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xv kamKhpw Imcp-Wy-hp-amb Hcp {K-amWv
\mw Ahv sImp-h-n-p-Xv.
^mXzn: 14 Amlp ]d-bp-p: CXp-t]m-ep Hcp hrmw Fmw
hebw sNbvX -{XnIm-e-m-\nb-msX \n\v ]dpXcn-I-bn-. AAvdm^v:
203, bqkp-^v: 111, \lv: 64 XpS-nb kq--sfmw Ah-km-\n-p-Xv, "JpB hnizm-kn-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xv Imcp-Wyhpw kamK-hp-amWv' Fv ]d-psIm-mWv . bq\p-kv: 57 Ah-km-\n-p-X
- v, Jp-B hnizm-kn-Iv kamKhpw
Imcp-Wy-hp-amWv F Bi-b-n-em-Wv. \wev: 77 \nbw AXv hnizm-knIv kamKhpw Imcp-Wyhpw Xs-bmWv Fv ]d-n-p-v. ^mnl: 2,
A-Bw: 155-157, AAvdm^v: 2 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
53. Cu thZw \Ip `mhn {]h-N-\- ]pe-cpIsb-msX C\n asmWv Ch t\mnsmn- c n- p- Xv ? AXns {]h- N - \ -
]pecp\mfn apv AXns\ hnkva-cn-n-cp--h ]d-bp--Xm-Wv: RfpsS \mYs ZqXam \nbw kXyhpw sImp-h--h Xs-bm-bncp-p. Atm C\n \appthn ip]mi-sN-m h ip]mi-mscbpw Inptam, As- n \s Xncn- - b - p- t am- ? \mw t\cs
sNbvXpsImn-cp--X-m I- sNphm. \nbw, Ah
Ahsc kzbw \jvS-s-Sp-n-bn-cn-p-p. Ah sIn--a-n-cp If-hpI-sfm-sbpw Cv Ah-cn\nv hgn-am-dntmhp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p.
Jp-B-\nse aqn-semv kq- ]c-tem-Iv ]pe-cm-\p--XmWv. hnizmkn-I _kzm-Cd
- mb DmgvZ- m-bI
- a
- mbJp-B\
- ns Bibw D]-tbm-Ks
- -Spn
hcmt]m-Ip Imcy-sfmw ChnsSshvXs ImWp-Ibpw \ntj-[n-I-fpsS Ahbn a\w-s\mv Acw Ah--bn s]Sm-Xn-cn-m a\-m--hm-Nm--IaWm
{]mn-p-Ibpw {]hn-pIbpw sNp--Xm-Wv. AYhm hnizm-kn-I PohnX
eyw a\-n-emn kzKw ChnsS ]Wn-bp-Xpw ac-W-tmSv IqSn ]WnX kzKn-tev t]mIp--Xp-am-Wv. JpB\ns Bibw kzK-n-te-p Sn-mbn
D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m, AXn-t\mSv hntcm[w shv Xn-p \ntj-[n-I \c-In-tev t]mIp--Xp-amWv. \msf hcm t]mIp Ah-cpsS Zmcp-W-amb Ah--
34
JpB\ns Bmhv
bmWv Cu kqw Npn-m-Wn-p--Xv. Jp-B e`n-m P\-Xsb k-temI--fp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb Amlp kzKhpw \c-I-hp-a-m atsXnepw temIn--te-mWv Ab-p-I. Rm Im^n-dm-sWv kzbw kmyw-h-ln-msX Hcmsfbpw \njv]--hm-\mb \oXn-am \c-I-n-tev CSp-I-bn-. _Jd: 210, Ben-Cwdm: 7, A-Bw: 2528, kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
54. \nbw BIm-i
- s
- fbpw `qan-sbbpw Bdp \mfp-If
- n krjvSn-p-Ibpw,
]ns knwlm-k\-\m-hp-Ibpw sNbvX-h-\m-Ipp \nfpsS DS-a-bmb
Am-lp. Ah cmhns\ ]I-enta s]mXn-bpp aq-Sp-p ]Iemhs
AXns\tSn IpXnp- I bpw sNp- p. kqcys\bpw N{- s \bpw
\{X-sfbpsamw krjvSnp Ah-s I\{]Imcw hnt[-b-am-nbn-cn-p-p. Adn-n-cn-p-I, Ah-tXp am{X-am-Ipp krjvSn-v, AhtXv am{X-am-Ipp imk\m[n-Im-c-hpw. Atm k-tem-I--fp-sSbpw
DS-a-bmb Am-lp A\p-{K-lk-q-\mIp-p.
BmtWm krjvSn-n-\-[n-Imcw, Ah\v Xs-bmWv krjvSn-Ip-th
hn[n-hn-e-pI \Im\pw, Ahsc \ne-\nm\pw \in-n-m-\p-samw A[n-Imchpw Ah-Im-i-hp-ap--Xv. AmsX {kjvSmhv Hcmfpw, hn[n-hn-e-p-I asm-cm-fptSXpw, \in-n-m-\p A[n-Imcw asm-cmp-am-bm PohnXw \oXn-cln-Xhpw
\ymb-c-ln-X-hp-am-bn-cn-pw. apAvan: 64mw kqw Ah-km-\n-p-Xv, Atm
k-tem-I-fmb Amlp A\p-{Kl kq-\mIpp Fv ]d-vsIm-mWv. apAvan\q: 1214 kq-fn, a\p-jy-i-co-cs krjvSnp-Xn-s\-p-dnv
hni-Zo-I-cnv Amlp ]d-bp-p: Atm, krjvSn Im--fn Ghpw `wKnbmbn krjvSn-p Amlp A\p-{K-l kq\mIp-p.
BIm-i-`q-an-I am{X-a, Ah-n-S-bn-ep a\p-jycS--ap k hkvXp-sfbpw Bdp-\m-fp-I sImv krjvSn--h-\mWv Am-lp. kPZ: 4- Amlp
]d-bpp, Amlp Fv ]d-bp--h AIm-i--sfbpw `qan-sbbpw Ah-n-S-bnep k hkvXp--sfbpw Bdp \mfp-I-fn-embn krjvSn--h-\mWv. ]ns Ah
AXns \nb-{Ww Gs-Spv knwlm-k-\--\m-bn. \nv Ahs\qSmsX
bmsXmcp kwc--Itcm ip]mi-mtcm CXs. Atm \n lrZbw
sImv Hmn-n-p-h
- c
- m-Ip-nt? ^mnl: 1, _Jd: 29 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
55. \n \n-fpsS DS-a-bmb dns\ Xmgva-tbmSp IqSn-bpw, clkyambpw
hnfnp {]mn-p-hn. \nbw Ah AXn-{I-a-Im-cn-Isf CjvS-sSp-n-.
apAvan: 60, \n-fpsS dv ]d-bp-p: \n Fs hnfnp {]mn-phn, Rm \np adp-]Sn \Imw. \n-bw BcmtWm F\n-p-th-n-bp
Pohn-X-n\nv Alcnp ]nam-dp--Xv (Fs B{i-bn-v Pohn-m-Xv)
Ahsc \mw \c-I-n {]th-in-n-pI Xs sNpw. AAvdm^v: 13 hni-Zo-I-
AAvdm^v (7)
35
cWw t\mp-I. Fm {]m\ kzoI-cn-m _Jd: 186 cp D]m-[n-I

]d-bp-Xv {in-p-I. Jp-B kan-p Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-bw-sImv Iv
-Ah lrZ-b--fpsS Ahbdn-bp--h-\m-sWv km[q-I-cn-p-sImv {]mnWw, Am--]w Ah ]nim-Nns hnfn-mWv Dcw \Ip--sXv C_vdmlow: 22 \msf ]nim-NvXs ]d-bp-p-v. bmko: 60-61, d-AvZv: 18 Iqn-hmbnpI. AAvdm^v: 205, \ns dns\ \^vkp-sImv kvacn-p-I, hfsc XmgvatbmSv IqSnbpw Dn-s-bp-n `b-s-p-sImpw \mhpsImv "Amlv ' Fp-]d-bm-sX Fp-]d
-
n-p-v. adn-bw: 3, kI-cnm Xs \mYs\ hfsc clkyambn
lrZbwsImv Bm-ambn hnfn k`w kvac-Wo-b-am-sWp ]d-n-pv.
\nbw AXn-{I-a-Im-cn-Isf Ah CjvS-s-Sp-n--msbp ]d-m, Bfp-Isf
t_m[n-n-p--Xn\p thn Dds hnfnp {]mn-p--h-scbpw, Jp-B Bib-ad
- n-bmsX icocw Xnp-h
- s
- c-bpw, Jp-B\ns Bi-ba
- p-m-bnpw Amlphns\
adpsImv Pohn-p, Ah-t\mSp Bm-ambn {]mn-m sXmSnfmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isfbpw CjvS-s-Sp-n--msb-m-Wv. _Jd: 99,152, AAvdm^v:
26-30 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
56. `qanbpsS kwkvIcWw Ign-n-cn-s, \n `qan-bn \mi-ap-m-mXn-cn-p-hn. `b-tmSpw {]Xo-tbmSpwIqSn \n Aht\mSvam{Xw
{]mn-p-hn. \nbw Am-lp-hns ImcpWyw Ahs\ Ip-sImv
Ncn-phv ASp-m-Ip-p.
kPZ: 1516 kq-fn, \nbw \psS kq--fn hniz-kn-p--h
AXpsImv Ahsc lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn DWp-tm Am-lp-hns\
kvXpXn-p-sImpw hmgvn-sImpw kpPq-Zn hogp--h-cm-Ip-p, Ah Hcn-epw
Al--cnp ]nn-cn-bp-I-bn-. Ah-cpsS ]miz- InS--d-I-fn\nv, X-fpsS
\mYs\ `b-tmSpw {]Xo--tbmSpwIqSn hnfnp {]mn-p--Xn-\p-thn, sXnsXn hcp--h-cpw, \mw Ahv \In-b-Xn \npw sNe-h-gn-psIm-ncnp-h-cp-am-W-h-scv ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 11-12 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Ftmgpw {]mn-m \_n ]Tn-n-p: Am-lp-th, Rm \ns kzKhpw
AXn-tev ASp-n-p hmp-Ifpw {]hrn-Ifpw \ntmSp tNmZn-p-Ibpw, \cIssmpw AXn-tep ASp-n-p hmpIsfsmpw {]hrnIsfsmpw
\ntmSp A`bw tXSp-Ibpw sNp-p. _Jd: 112, ABw: 112-114,124 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
57. Ah Xs-bmWv Ahs A\p-{Kl-ns aptm-Sn-bmbn ip`-hmtb-Ip Imns\ Ab-p-X
- v. AXv Pe-hm-ln-If
- mb taL-sf Dbnbm \mw AXns\ \no-hamb Hcp \mn-tev \bn-p-p. AhnsS
ag hjn-np-Ibpw, B ag-shwsImv B `qan-bn\nv ]e-Xcw
ê- DXv]m-Zn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. A{]-Im-c-amWv \mw ]p\-cp-m\
\mfn acn--hsc ]pd-s-Sp-hnn-p--Xv. \n lrZbwsImv kvacn-
36
JpB\ns Bmhv
pI Xs thW-sa--Xn\pthn-bmWv
Xv.
Cs\ hni-Zo-I-cnp Xcp-
Ah Imns\ ktm-j-hm-bmbn Ab-pp F-Xpw, Ahs ImcpWy-amb ag \nsf cpNn-n-pp FXpw Amlp Dv F-Xn\v sXfn-hmsWv
Adqw: 46- ]d-n-p-v. Jm^v: 711 Amlp ]d-bpp: `qansb \on--cpIbpw, \mw AXn ]-X-sf BWn-sb-tmWw \mp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Fm
hkvXp--sfbpw `wKn-bp CW-I-fmbn AXn apf-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp, Am-lphn-tev Xncn- Hmtcm ASn-apw Dm-gvNZ- m-bI
- hpw A\p-kvac
- W
- h
- p-am-bn-smv
BIm-i-p-\nv \mw A\p-{K-lo-X-amb sh-an-d-n, AXp-ap-tJ\ ]qtm-p-I-fpw
[m\y-a-Wn-I \nd hb-ep-Ifpw DXv]m-Zn-n-p. Ipe-I- \nd-p-\np
Cu--\-Ifpw DXv]m-Zn-n-p. CsXmw \psS ASn-a-Iv `-W-am-bn-smm-Wv. As\ \mw B shw aptJ\ acn \mSns\ Pohn-n-p-p, A{]ImcamWv a\p-jysc ]pdsSp-hn-epw. Adqw: 19- Amlp ]d-bpp: Poh\nm-h
- b
- n\nv Poh-\p-h
- s
- b-bpw, Poh-\p-h
- b
- n\nv Poh-\n-m-h
- s
- bbpw
]pd-s-Sp-hn-p-Xv Am-lp-hm-Wv. `qansb AXns acWn-\p-tijw Pohn-n-pXpw Ah Xs-bm-Ip-p. A{]-Imcw \nfpw ]pd-s-Sp-hns-Sp--Xm-Wv. 24, Ah BIm-i-p-\nv sh-an-d-n, AXp-sImv `qansb AXns acWtijw Pohn-n-p-p, \nbw AXn Nnn-p P\-Xv [mcfw ]mT--fpv
Fpw ]d-n-p-v. Aq: 43, BIm-i-p ]-X--fn\nv Ah
Ben-gw Cd-pIbpw AXv Ah-\p-t-in-p--hsc _m[n-n-pIbpw Ah-\p-t-inp--h-sc-smv XncnpIf-bp-Ibpw sNpp Fp]d-n-p-v. Adqw: 48-50,
Am-lp-hmWv Imns\ Ab-p--Xv, AXp-ap-tJ\ Ah taL-sf Nen-nv
BIm-i-n Ah Dt-in-pwhn[w ]c-n-bn-Sp-p, As\ L\o-`-hn taLn\nv Ben-gw hogp-Xv ImWmw. AXv Ah-\p-t-in-p ASn-a-Isf _m[nn-p-tm Ah-cXm ktmjwsImv ]pf-Iw-sIm-p--h-cm-Ip-p. AXn\papv Ah Bi-b--h- Xsbm-bn-cp-p. `qan acn--Xn-\p-tijw AXns\ F-s\bmWv Pohn-n-p--sXv \o t\mp-I, \nbw AXv sNp--h acn--hsc
Pohn-n-pI Xs sNpw, Ah Fm-Im-cy-pw Ign-hp k-i-
Xsbtm Fpw ]-dnpv. ^pJm: 48-49, ^pkzn-e-v: 39, kpa: 21, lv:
5, dAvZv: 17 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. A-Bw: 125-126,141, AAvdm^v: 3, 26 t\mpI.
58. ]cn-ip--amb \mSv AXns DS-a-bpsS k-X-tmSpIqSn \ kky-
DXv]m-Znn-p-p, t-ambtXm aps-Sn-I-f-msX DXv]m-Zn-n-p-n-.
A{]-Im-cw \psS kq- \n {]I-Sn-n-p P\-X-p-thn \mw
hni-Zo-I-cnp sImSp-p-p.
]cn-ip--amb \mSns\ hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw t-amb \mSns\ \ntj-[n-I-tfmSpw
D]-an-n-cn-p-Ib
- m-Wv. hnizm-kn-I Fm {]h-\
- fpw ]cn-ip-a
- mb Jp-B\ns
Bi-b-ns ASn-m-\-n \msf Xpem-kn Xqw e`n-pXmn amp--
AAvdm^v (7)
37
Xpw (A-Avdm^v: 89), Am--h Jp-B\ns Bi-b-an-m--Xn-\m {]h-\ ]mgm-bn- PohnXw \jvS-s-h-cpsS KW-n s]pt]mIp--Xp-am-Wv. Amlp
]cn- i p hN- \ s Fn- t \m- S mWv D]- a n- n- c n- p- - s Xv \o a\- nempnt?Hcp hrs t]mse-bm-W-Xv. AXns thcv Bg-n Bn-dn-bn-cn-p-p, AXns imJ-I BIm-iv ]Sv ]-env InS-pp. B
hrw Xs \mYs CwKn-X-tm-Sp-IqSn Fm-Im-epw AXns êw \InsIm-n-cn-p-p. Amlp a\p-jyv thn Cu D]a hni-Zo-I-cn-p-Xv Ah
lrZbwsImv kvacnv ]mT-apsm-p--Xn\v thn-bm-Ip-p. t hN-\-ns
D]a, `qan-bpsS D]-cn-X-e-n\nv ]ngp-sX-dn-b-s-Sp Hcp p{Z hr-n-tXm-Ip-p. AXn\v bmsXmcp thcp-d
- p-an-. hnizm-kn-If
- m-bn-p-h
- sc Amlp kpnc-amb hN\ns ASn-m-\-n Cl-nepw ]c-nepw Ddnv \np-p.
A{I-an-I-fm-b-hsc Amlp hgn-]n-g-n-pIbpw sNp-p. Amlp Ah Dt-inp-Xv {]hn-p-p Fv C_vdmlow: 24-27 ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 264266,
amC-Z: 100 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
59. \nbw, \qlns\ \mw At-l-ns P\-X-bn-tep Ab-n-pv.
Atm Atlw ]d-p: Hm! Fs P\ta, \n Am-lp-hn-\p-thn
Pohn-phcm-hpI, \nv Ah-\-msX asmcp Cem-lp-an Xs.
Rm \n-fpsSta Hcp `b-c\mfnse insb `b-s-Sp-p.
60. Atl-ns P\-X-bnse {]am-Wn-am adp-]Sn \In: \nbw R
\ns ImWp-Xv hy-amb hgn-tI-Sn AI-s--Xm-bn-m-Wv.
61. \qlv ]d-p: Fs P\-ta, F\n-smcp hgntISpw _m[n-n-n-, Fm
\nbw Rm k-tem-I--fp-sSbpw DS-a-bn \np ZqX-\m-Ip-p.
62. Fs \mYs kt-i- Rm \ns-np Xcp-p, Rm
\nv KpWw Imwn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. \nv Adn-p-IqSm ]eXpw Am-lp-hn\nv Rm Adn-bp-p-ap-v.
63. Atm \nsf XmoXv sNp--Xn-\pw, \n sX-mb \S-]-Sn-Ifn \np tamNn-Xc
- m-Im\pw A\p-{K-ln-s
- -Sm\pw thn \n-fn\nv
Xsbp Hcp ]pcp-j-\n-eqsS \n-fpsS dn \np DXvt_m[\w
Jp-B\ns BmhvBK-Xa
- m-Ip-X
- n \n Ap-Xs
- -Sp-pthm?
Imem-Im-e--fn hn-p Fm \_n-amcpw sImp-h-n-pXv Htc
ktiamWv. AXv Jp-B-\ns Bibamb DXvt_m-[-\-am-Wv. AXv samw a\pjysc ap-dn-bnv \Ip--Xn-\pw, AXp-sImv Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqnp--Xn-\pw, As\ Ah A\p-{K-ln--s-Sp--Xn\pw thn-bm-Wv. _Jd: 152,
Ben-Cw-dm: 132, AAv-dm^v: 2 t\mp-I.
38
JpB\ns Bmhv
64. Atm Ah At-ls Xn--dp If-hmnf-p. HSp-hn

\mw Atl-sbpw At-l-tm-sSm--ap--h-scbpw I-en c-s-Spn. \psS kq-sf Xn--d--hsc \mw apn-smpIbpw
sNbvXp. \n-b-ambpw Ah A-cmb Hcp P\X Xs-bm-bn-cp-p.
ABw: 11, 47 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. bq\p-kv: 71-73, lqZv: 25-49, An-bmAv: 76-77, apAvan\q: 23-30, Ap-A-dm-Av: 105-120, AI-_q-v: 14-15, bmko: 41,
kzm^m-v: 75-82, Ja: 917, kqd: \qlv XpS-nb e--fn-semw \qlv \_nbpsS kw`h Ncn{Xw hnh-cn-p-p-v.
65. BZv P\-X-bn-tev Ah-cpsS ktlm-Z-c lqZn-s\bpw \mw \ntbm-Knbn-p-m-bn-cpp. Atlw ]d-p: Hm Fs P\-ta, \n Am-lphn\pthn am{Xw Pohn-phcm-hpI, \nv Ahs\qSmsX
asmcp Cem-lp-an-. Atm \n Ahs\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-h-cm-Ip-n-stbm?
66. Atl-ns P\-X-bnse \ntj-[n-I-fmb {]am-Wn-am ]d-p: \nbw
R \ns hnn-n AI-s--Xm-bn-mWv ImWp-Xv, \nbw
R Icp-Xp-Xv \o \pW ]d-bp--hcns-h Xs-bm-Wv Fpam-Wv.
67. Atlw ]d-p: Hm Fs P\-ta, F\nv hnnw kw`-hn-n-n-,
Fm Rm k-tem-I--fp-sSbpw DS-a-bn \np ZqX-\m-Ip-p.
68. Rm \nv Fs \mYs kt-i- FnpXcp-p. Rm
\n-fpsS hniz--\mb KpW-Imw-n-bp-am-Ip-p.
69. \nsf XmoXv sNp- - X n\pthn \n- f n \np Hcp
]pcpj\neqsS \n-fpsS \mY-\n\nv Dvt_m[\w hp-In-n-b-Xn
\n ApXw Iqdp-pthm? \qlns P\-X-p-tijw Ah \nsf
`qan-bn {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-n-bXpw, hn saqv \In-bXpw \n
Hmp-hn. Atm \n Am-lp-hns AS-bm-f-sf Hman-phn, \n hnPbw hcn-pI Xs thW-sa--Xn-\p-th-n.
Fm a\p-jy-scbpw Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn `qan-bn Pohn-m
thn-bmWv krn-n-p--Xv, Fm B {]mXn-\n[yw hln-pI hnizm-kn-I
am{X-am-Wv. \ntj-[n-I ]nim-Nns {]mXn-\n[yw hlnp Pohn-p-I-hgn ]nim-Nnt\m-sSmw \c-I-n Hcp-an-p-Iq--s-Sp--h-cp-am-Wv. _Jd: 30, An-km-Av: 118,
ABw: 133 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
70. Ah tNmZn-p: R GI\mb Am-lp-hn-s\ am{Xw tkhnp--h-
AAvdm^v (7)
39
cm-IWsapw, R-fpsS ]qnI ]nXm-am- tkhnncp--h-scsbmw shSn-b-Wsav I]n-p--Xn\pw thn-bmtWm \o R-fn

hn-pXv? Bs, \o kXyw ]d-bp--h-cns]-h-\m-sW-n RtfmSv hmKvZwsNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-pXv Rv \o sImp-h-cn-I.
71. Atlw ]d-p: \nbw \n-fpsS \mY-\n \np im]hpw
tIm]hpw \n-fn kw`-hn-n-cn-p-p. \nfpw \nfpsS ]qn-I]nXmfpw sIna-Xpw, Amlp Hcp {]am-Whpw Cd-n-bn-n-m--Xp-amb
Nne t]cp-Isfsmn-bmtWm \n FtmSv Xn-p-Xv? icn,
Fn \n Imn-cn-p-I, Rm\pw \n-tfm-sSmw Imn-cn-p--hcns]-h-\m-Ip-p.
ABw: 22-24, 107-111 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
72. Atm \mw At-l-sbpw At-l-tm-sSm--ap--h-scbpw, \psS
Imcp-Wy-m c-s-Sp-pIbpw, \psS kq- If-hmn Xn-d--h-sc \mw ASn-th-c-dppIf-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah hnizm-kn-Ifm-bn-cp-n-.
lqZv: 50-60, Ap-A-dm-Av: 123-140, AlvJm-^v: 21-28, Ja: 18-22, AlmJ:
4,68 kq-- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. A-Bw: 45 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
73. YaqZv P\-X-bn-tev \mw Ah-cpsS ktlm-Z-c kmen-ln-s\bpw \ntbm-Knn--p-m-bn-cpp. Atlw Ah-tcmSv ]d-p: Hm Fs P\-ta, \n
Am-lp-hn-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-phcm-hpI, \nv Ah-\-msX
thsd Cemln Xs. \nfpsS \mY-\n\nv \nv kphy-amb sXfnhv BK-X-am-bn-cn-p-p. CXm, Am-lp-hns Cu HIw
\nsmcp ZrjvSm--am-Ip-p. Atm AXns\ Am-lp-hns `qanbn tap Xnp-hm \n hnSp-I. \n AXns\ Zpcp-t-iytmsS
sXmp-t]m-I-cp-Xv, Am--]w thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in \nsf ]nSnIq-SpIXs sNpw.
74. BZv kap-Zm-b-n-\p-tijw Ah \nsf {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn \n-bn-Xpw, `qan-bn \nv Cu ]mnSkuIcyw sNbvXpXXpw Hmphn. \n AXnse ka-X-e--fn DXsImm-c- ]Wn-bp-p,
AXnse ]X- Xpcp hoSp-I-fp-m-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Atm
Am-lp-hns AS-bm-f-sfpdnv \n Hmanp-I. `qan-bn \miap-m-m HmSn\S-p--h-cmIm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-hn.
75. At-l-ns P\-X-bnse Kn-jvTcmb {]am-Wn-am At-l-n hnizkn Zp_e hn`m-Kt- mSv tNmZn-p: kzmenlv Xs \mY-\n\nv \ntbm-
40
JpB\ns Bmhv
Kn--s--h-\m-sWv kXy-n \n Adn-bp-pthm? Ah adp-]Sn
]d-p: Atlw GXpktiw sImmtWm Ab--s-n-p-Xv, \nbw R AXn hniz-kn-p--h-cm-Wv.
76. Atm Kn-jT

v am ]d-p: \nbw \n GXv kt-i
- n-emtWm
hniz-kn-p--Xv, AXns\ R \ntj-[n-p--p.
77. As\ Ah B H-Is AdppIf-p. X-fpsS \mYs I\-I Ah ZmjvSy-]qw [n-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. kzmen-ln-t\mSv
Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp: Hm kzmen-lv, \o kXy-n Ab--s-ssZh-Zq-Xam-cn s]h-\m-sW-n R-tfmSv hmKvZw sNbvXn-cp
B in sImp-h-cn-I.
78. Atm InSnew sImn-p hn]v Ahsc _m[n-p. Ah {]`m-XtmsS X-fpsS hk-Xn-I-fn tNX-\-bv hoWp-In-S-p.
79. kmentlm C{]-Imcw ]dpsImv B \mSp hnp-t]m-bn, "-Fs P\ta, Fs dns ktiw \nbw Rm \ns-npXp, Rm
\nv KpW-Imw--bp--h-\p-am-bn-cp-p. Fm \n KpW-Imwn-Isf CjvS-s-Sp--h-cm-bn-cp-n-'
lqZv: 61-68, Ap-A-dm-Av: 141-151, Ja: 23-32, kqd: Aw-kv: 11-15 XpS-nb
e--fn-semw Cu kw`hw hnh-cn-p-pv.
80. eqn-s\bpw \mw {]hm-N-I-\mbn \ntbm-Kn-n-p-m-bn-cp-p. Atlw
Xs P\-tmSp]d k`w Hmp-I, \npapv temI-fn
Bcpw sNbvXn-n-m Cu t-hr-n-bnemtWm \n AI-s-n-pXv?
81. \nbw ssewKnIhnImcw ian-n-p-X
- n\p \n kv{XoIsfhnp
]pcp-jam-sc-bm-Wtm kao-]n-p--Xv. A, -\n- AXn-cp-I-hn
Hcp P\X Xs.
82. At-l-ns P\-ns adp-]Sn: Chscsbmw \n-fpsS \mn\nv
]pd-m-p-I-sb--msXbmbn-cp-n-. \nbw Ch hnip-n Na-bp
a\pjy Xs-bm-W-tm.
83. Atm eqn-s\bpw IpSpw-_-sbpwAt-l-ns kv{Xosbsbmgnp`m-cy\mw c-s-Sp-n. Ah ]nam-dn-\n--h-cpsS Iq-n-embncp-p.
84. B P\-nsta \mw Hcp ag hjn-n-p. Atm B {`mam-cmb
Ip-hm-fn-I-fpsS ]cyh-km\w Fs\bm-bn-cp-sv t\mp-I.
AAvdm^v (7)
41
lqZv: 6983, lnPv: 51-77, Ap-A-dm-Av: 160-175, \wev: 54-58, AI-_q-v: 2835, Am-cn-bm-v: 24-37, Ja: 33-40 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. A-Bw: 55, AAvdm^v: 40
85. aZvb \nhm-kn-I-fn-tev \mw Ah-cpsS ktlm-Z-c ipsF_ns\bpw
\ntbm-Kn-n-pv. Atlw ]d-p: \n Am-lp-hn-\p-th-n am{Xw
Pohn-phcm-hpI. \nv Ahs\qSmsX asmcp Cemlpan
Xs. \n-fpsS dn- \np kv]jvT-amb sXfnhv \nv
BK-X-am-bn-cn-p-p. AXn-\m \n- Afhv Xq- ]qn-bmp-hn, P\-v Ah-cpsS km[-\- Ipdhv hcp-m-Xn-cn-p-hn.
`qan-bpsS kwkvI-cWw Ign-n-cn-s, \n-f-Xn \mi-ap-m-m-Xn-cnp-hn. \n hnizm-kn-I-fm-sW-n AXmWv \nv Daw.
86. Pohn-X-ns Fm-h-gn-bnepw \n sIm-m-cm-bn-cn--cp-Xv. P\sf `b- s - S p- p- - h - c mbpw, hnizm- k n- I sf Am- l p- h ns amKn\nv XSb-h-cmbpw, B t\amKs hf-smSnp-hm {ianp--h-cmbpw sImv\n F-n Xp-amb Imew Hman-p-hn,
Atm \mw \nsf s]cp-n-p. temIv \mi-Im-cn-I-fpsS ]cy-hkm\w F-s\-bm-bn-cp-sv \n t\mn-m-Wp-Ibpw sNp-hn.
AAvdm^v: 44-45 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
87. Rm GsXmcp kt-ihpw sImmtWm Ab--snpXv, AXn
\n-fn Hcphn`mKw hniz-kn-n-p-s-nepw asmcp hn`mKw hniz-knp-n-. Amlp \ap-n-S-bn Xocp-am\w In-p-Xphsc \n
a-tbmsS Imn-cn-p-hn. Ah hn[n In-p--h-cnshp
Ghpw \mbn hn[n In-p--h-\-tm.
88. At-l-ns P\-X-bnse Kn-jvTcmb {]am-Wn-am ]d-p: Hm ipsF_v, \nsbpw \ntm-sSm--ap hnizm-kn-I-fm-b-h-scbpw \n-b-ambpw
R-fpsS \mn\npw ]pd-m-p--Xm-Wv, As-n \n RfpsS BNm-cm-\p-jvSm-\--fn-tev XncnphcnI Xs thWw. ipsF_v
tNmZn-p: R AXp shdp---h-cm-sW-nepw \n_--ambn aS-s-Sp-satm?
_Jd: 256 kq-a-\p-k-cnv aX-n \n_--an Fv apkvenw-I
]d-bp-p-s-nepw hnizm-kn-I Jp-B-\ns Bibw apdpsInSnv `pcn] apkvenw-I-fpsS Hgp-nsSmsX \ne-sIm-p-I-bm-sW-n Ah-cnse
Kn-jvTcmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS hnizm-kn-I-tfm-Sp \bhpw Cu kqn ]d- Xv t ]mse- sbmWv . ABw: 123124 hni- Z o- I - c Ww
t\mpI.
42
JpB\ns Bmhv
89. Amlp Rsf \n-fpsS Ncy-bn\nv cnp Ign-n-cns, C\n

AXn-tep R aS-p-I-bm-sW-n, R Am-lp-hns t]cn
Iw Na--h-cm-bn-o-cpw. R-fpsS DS-abmb Amlp Dt-in-m-emsX Rsm-cn-epw C\n AXn-tev aS-pI km[y-a-. RfpsS dns m\w Fmhkv Xp- sfbpw Dsm- n- c n- p- p.
Amlp-hn-em-Ipp R `c-tan-n-cn-p--Xv. R-fpsS \mYm,
Rpw R-fpsS P\Xp-an-S-bn kXyw sImp Xocp-am-\-saSp-t-W-ta. \o Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-p--hcn Ghpw \mbn Xocp-am-\-saSp-p--h-\-tm.
lqZv: 84-95, Ap-A-dm-Av: 177-190 XpS-nb kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. _Jd:
147, 255 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
90. At-l-ns P\-X-bnse \ntj-[n-I-fmb {]am-Wn-am ]d-p: \nbw
\n ipsF-_ns\ ]np-S-cphcm-sW-n \n-bw, \n \jvSs--h Xs-bm-bn-cn-pw.
91. Atm InSnew sImn-p Hcp hn]v Ahsc _m[npI-bpw,
Ah {]`m-X-tmsS X-fpsS hk-Xn-I-fn tNX-\-bv hoWp-In-SpIbpw sNbvXp.
92. ipsF-_ns\ Xn-d
-
h
- B `h-\
- f
- n h-kn-n-n-mhn[w XpSp
\o-s-p. ipsF-_ns\ Xn--d--h Xs-bm-Ipp HSp-hn
\jvSs--h-cm-bn-o-Xv.
90-mw kq-n, ipsF-_ns\ ]n]-n-bm \n Fmw \jvS-s--hcmbnocpw FmWv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I ]d-n-cp-Xv. Fm ipsF-_ns\
Xn-]-d Ahcpw Ah-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-fpw XsbmWv Cl-nepw ]c-nepw
Fmw \jvSs
- -h
- c
- mbno-Xv. Cme-p-ap I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-If
- p-sSbpw Ahsc
]n]-p A\p-bm-bn-I-fmb \ntj-[n-IfpsSbpw Ah-bpw CXv Xs-bm-Wv.
]c-tem-Iv Ah ]c-kv]cw ]gn-Nm-cp, i]n-p, Xn-p cwKw _Jd:
166167 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I. _Jd: 254 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
93. ipsFt_m C{]-Imcw ]d-p-sImv B \mSp-hn-p-t]m-bn: Hm, Fs
P\-ta, Fs dns kt-i- Rm \ns-np Xp, Rm
\n-tfmSv KpW-Imw--bp--h-\p-am-bn-cp-p. kXyw aqSn-sh Hcp P\-XbpsSta Rm Fn\v Zp:JnWw?
Am-lp-hns kt-i-amb Jp-B-\ns Bibw aqSn-h-bvp Hcp P\Xsb \nbw Amlp kamK-n-tev \bn-p-I-bn-sv amCZ: 67s
AAvdm^v (7)
43
hni-Zo-I-cWn hmbn-p-I.
94. \mw Hcp \mntepw Hcp \_nsbbpw \ntbm-Kn-n-n-, B \mnse \nhmkn- I sf {]bm- k - - f nepw {]Xn- k - n- I - f nepw AIsSp- nbnmsXAh hn\o-X-cm-Ip--Xn-\p-th-n.
95. ]noSv \mw Ah-cpsS Xn-bpsS Ah \-bmn amn-a-dn-p. As\
Ah Ah-cpsS Zp:Jmh ad-p-I-bpw ]d-bm XpS-p-Ibpw sNbvXp,
\Xpw No-bp-amb \mfp-I \psS ]q]nXm--fnepw Dmbnp-Xm-Ip-p. HSp-hn s]sv \mw Ahsc ]nSn-Iq-SnAhv A-s\sbmcp [mc-Wtb Dm-bn-cpn.
hnhn[ {]hm-N-Iam-cp-sSbpw Ah-cpsS kw`-h-N-cn-{X-fpw shtsd {]Xn]m-Zntijw {]hm-NI \ntbm-K-n Fm-Im-epw Amlp kzoI-cnpt]m
\S-]S- n-{Iaw hnh-cn-p-Ib
- m-Wv. ABw: 4244 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. GsXmcp
\mn-tepw {]hm-N-Is\ \ntbm-Kn-p-tm B {]hm-N-I sImv h kt-in\v sNhn sImSp-p--Xn\p thn hnhn[ Xc-n-ep ]co--W- Ahsc
_m[n-n-p--Xm-Wv. _Jd: 155157 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. A^m: 24 kq-fn Amlp ]d-bp-p. \nbw hnizm-kn-I-sf Jp-B- kq- sImv
lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn Am-lp-hns\pdnv Hmn-n-m Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-
{]I-n-X-am-Ip-Ibpw Ahv Ahs kq- a\-n-em-Ip `mj-bn hni-ZoI-cnv sImSp--s-m Ah-cpsS hnizmkw h[n-p-Xpw Ah X-fpsS \mY\n kkzw `c-tan-p--Xp-am-Wv.
Ccw ]co--W-sImpw ]mT-apsmv lrZbw kXyw kzoI-cnm k--am-bn-s-n ]no-S-hsc ku`m-Ky- \In ]co-n-p-p.
ABw: 123124 hni-Zo-I-cWw Iqn-hm-bn-pI. As\ kpJm-Vw`-c--fn aXnadv -Am-lp-hns\bpw Pohn-X-e-yhpw a-d sXm-Sn-I-fmbn amdp-tm
s]sv in Ahsc ]nSn-Iq-Sp-p. ABw: 47 hni-Zo-I-cWw Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. \_n C{]-Imcw ]Tnnp. hn]v kXy-hn-izm-kn-sb, Ah ]m]--fn \np
]ca-ip--\mbn ]pd-p-h-cpXphsc ipo-I-cn-p-sIm-ncnm-Xn-cn-p-I-bn-.I]S-hn-izm-kn-bm-I-s, Igp-X-sb-t]m-se-bm-Wv. bP-am-\ Xs Fn\p sIn-bn-spw, Fn\v Agn-p-hn-spw AX-dn-bn-. bq\p-kv: 21, Alv: 112, Adqw: 41,
Zp-Jm: 10-16 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
96. \mnse \nhm-kn-I hniz-kn-p-I-bpw, Jp-B\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-I
]n]n Pohn-p ap-Jo--fm-hp-I-bp-am-sW-n, \mw Ah-cp-sS-ta
BIm-i--fp-sSbpw `qanbp-sSbpw A\p-{K-l-ns Ihm-S- Xpd-pIbpw sNp-am-bn-cp-p, ]t Ah Ifhm-n Xn--d-p. AXn\m Ah km-Zn Xn-I ImcWw \mw Ahsc ]nSn-IqSn.
44
JpB\ns Bmhv
_Jd: 57, amCZ: 65-66 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
97. Atm \mnse \nhm-kn-I cm{Xn-k-a-bv Dd--n-em-Ip-tm

\psS in Ahv hs-p--Xns\pdnv Ah `b-c-ln-X-cmbn
Ign-pIqSpI-bmtWm?
98. As-n, Ah ]Ith-f-bn Ifn-X-am-i-I-fn apgp-In-b-h-cm-bn-cnp-tm \psS in Ahcn hp ]Xn-p-I-bn-sv `b-c-ln-Xcmbn Ign-p-Iq-Sp-I-bmtWm?
apIv: 16-17 kq--fn tNmZn-pp: BIm-i-p--h `qan ]nfn
AXns\smv \nsf hngp-n-n-p-I-bn Fv \n kam-[m-\-n Ignp-Iq-Sp-I-bmtWm? AtXm, BIm-i-ph \n-fp-sS-ta Hcp hn]v AbpI-bn-s-v. Atm ap-dn-bnv F-s\-bp-m-bn-cp-sv \n Adn-bpI
Xs sNpw. Alv: 45- Amlp tNmZnpp: Xnpthn KqV-X{w
{]hn-p--hsc Amlp `qa-nbn Xmgvn--f-bpItbm, Ah \nK-a-\n-m
hn[-n-ep in hs-p-I-bn-spap kam-[m-\-n Ign-p-Iq-Sp-IbpamtWm? AAvdm^v: 45 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
99. Ah Am-lp-hns X{-sfpdnv \n`-b-cmtWm? Atm Fmw
\jvS-s P\-X-b-msX Am-lp-hns X{-sfpdnv \n`-b-cm-hpI-bn-.
X\nv hn]-p-h-cm t]mIp-s bmsXmcp [mc-W-bp-an-msX Fmw ip`sap Icp-Xn-bn-cn-p Hcm-fp-sS-ta \nm-b-I-amb {]l-c-tan-m X{ Bhn-jvI-cn-p--Xn-\mWv "aIv' Kp-V-X-{wFp-]-d-bp--Xv. C_vdm-low:
46, Fm-Im-epw B{I-an-I-fmb P\X kXy-n-s\-Xn-cmbn X{w sa\ncpspw, Ah- c psS X{w Am- l p- h ns ]- e m- s W- pw, Ah- c psS
X{wsImv ae-Xs \om km-[n-mepw icn, kXys ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-m
km[n-p-I-bn- Fpw]d-n-p-v. AYhm kXy-n-s\-Xn-cm-bnv a\p-jy FpX{w {]tbm-Kn-mepw AXp Ahp-Xs FXn-cm-bnp `hn-p--Xm-Wv. As\
\jvS-s Hcp P\-X-b-msX kXys ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-m {ian-p-I-bn-. BenCwdm: 54, A-Bw: 123-124 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
100.
`qan-bnse ]q-\n-hm-kn-Iptijw AXns A\--cm-h-Im-in-Ifm-Ip--h \mw Cn-p-p-sh-n XfpsS ]m]--fpsS A\--c-êw
Ahsc _m[nnp-sa ]mTw Cu kw`-h-- Ahv \Ip-nstbm? \mtam Ah-cpsS lrZ-b- AS-p-aq-Sn-sh-p-p, Atm
Ah bmsXmpw tIphc-.
kPZ: 26- Amlp tNmZn-pp: Chp app F{X-sb{X \mp-Imsc
AAvdm^v (7)
45
\mw \in-n-p, AhcpsS hmk--e-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wtm Ch \S-p-t]m-Ip--Xv.

Atm AXnhv Hcp am-Zi\--a-stbm? \n-b-am-bpw AXn [mcmfw ]mT-fpv. Atm Ah tIp-n-stbm!. lv: 45-46 Amlp tNmZnpp: F{Xsb{X \mSp-I-sf-bmWv AXnse \nhm-kn-I A{I-an-I-fm-b-tm \mw
\in-np If--Xv, F{X-sb{X InW-dp-I D]-tbm-K-iq-\y-am-bn, F{X-sb{X sImmc- Ahin--fm-bn. Atm Ah `qan-bn k-cn-n-n-t, Nnn-m\p lrZ-b- Ahn-t, tIm-\p ImXp-I Ahnt? \n-bw,
Ah-cpsS ImgvN-I A-X, Ah-cpsS s\ns Dn-ep lrZ-b-mWv. Jp-B kq--fpsS Bi-b-samw Adn-npw hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-m\pw
Pohn-X-ssien amm\pw Xm-dn-m Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb Hcp P\-X-bpsS
lrZ-b-- Amlp AS-p-]q-p-sa-pw, ]ns Ahv Jp-B\ns Bibw
tImt\m ]mT-apsm-mt\m Ign-bmsX Ah ey-t_m[w \jvS-s--h-cmbn-o-cp-sa-mWv ap\m-^n-Jq: 3 ]d-n-p--Xv. Ccw Bfp-I \msf \cI-ns ]mdm-hp-Im-tcmSv \c-I-n-tev hen-s-dn-bsSp-tm, "R JpB\ns Bibw tIn-cp-s-n, As-n _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knp Nnn-n-cp-sn Cu In-bm-fp \c-I
- ns kl-hm-kn-If
- m-Ip-am-bn-cp-n-t- m'-sbv kzbw
hne-]n-p cwKw apIv: 10 ImWm-hp--Xm-Wv. _Jd: 171, A-Bw: 25 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
101.CsX-m-amWv B \mSp-I, AXnse Nne- kw-`-h- \mw \n\v hgnp- h - g n- b mbn hni- Z o- I - c np XcnIbm- I p- p. \n- b w, hy- a mb
sXfnhpwsImv Ah-cntev \ntbm-Kn--s ZqXam Ah-cn- hncp-p. ]t Ah apv If-hm-n-b-Xns\ ]noSv hniz-kn-p--h-cmbn-. t\mp-I, A{]-Imcw Amlp \ntj-[n-I-fpsS lrZ-b-sf ASp-]q-p-p.
apAvan: 78, 82-85 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Fm-Im-epap kXys aqSn-sh
\ntj-[n-I-fpsS Cu kz`mhw Cp ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fn-emWv ImWp-I. Jp-B Innbnp Fm-WXv, Fn-\m-WXv Fsmpw Nnn-p-I-t]mepw sNmsX AXns
Bibw a\-n-em-m {ian-mhcmbn Ah A[x]Xn-p-Ibpw, A-Bw: 26,47
kq--fpsS Bi-b-n\v hnt[-b-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. _Jd: 254, ABw: 31-33 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
102.Ah-cn A[n-I-t]-scbpw \mw DS-Sn ]men-p--h-cmbn Isnbn,
Fm Ah-cn A[n-I-t]-scbpw \mw Is-nbXv sXmSnI-fmbnv
Xs-bm-Ipp.
_Jd: 2627, 99, amCZ: 49 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
103.Ch-smwtijw \mw aqkmsb \psS ZrjvSm-fpambn ^nHu\nsbpw Ahs P\-\m-b-I-cp-sSbpw ASp--tev \ntbm-Kn-p.
46
JpB\ns Bmhv
Atm Ahcpw \psS ZrjvSm---tfmSp A\oXn ImWn-p. Atm
t\mnmWpI, B \mi-Im-cn-I-fpsS ]cy-h-km\w Fs\ Bbn-cpsv.
Fm ZrjvSm--fpw ImWnnpw hniz-kn-msX ^n-Hu [nm-cn-bmb

sXmSnbmbtm bq\p- k v : 8889 kq- f- \ p- k - c nv Amlp aqkm
\_nsbsmv {]mn-n-p-I-bpw, 90-mw kqa\p-k-cnv Ahs dqlv sXmp-gn-bn-se-n-b-tm, \nbw Rm hniz-kn-n-p--Xv, CkvdmCu k-XnI hniz-kn-np GICem-ln-e-m-sX-b- F-pw, Rm kkzw Am-lphn\p kan--h-\p-am-sWv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. 91mw kq-a-\p-k-cn-p, Amlp
tNmZn-p-p: "C-tgm', CXn\papv \o [n-cn-p, \o \mi-Im-cn-I-fns]-h Xsbm-bn-cp-p. 92mw kq-n, Atm Ct-Zn\w \ns icocw Rm c-sSp-pw, \ns ]nImemv ]mT-am-Ip--Xn-\p-th-n. Fm \n-b-ambpw
P\--fn A[n-I-t]cpw \psS ZrjvSm--sfsmv A{i--hmam Xs-bmIp-p. _Jd: 10-11 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
104.aqkm ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp: Hm ^n-Hu-, \nbw Rm k-tem-I-fp-sSbpw DS-a-bn \np ZqX-\m-Ip-p.
105.Rm Am-lp-hn-s-ta kXy-a-m--sXmpw ]d-b-cp-sX-v Fs-ta
bYm-n-ep _m[y-X-bm-Wv. \nbw \n-fpsS dn- \np
kphy--amb sXfn-hp-I Rm sImphn-pv. Atm CukvdmCu k-Xn-Isf \o Ftm-sSmw ]d--b-p-I.
106.^n-Hu ]d-p: \o h sXfnhpw sImp-h-n-p-s-n AXv AhXcnnp-I, \o kXyw]d-bp--h-cns]-h-\m-sW-n.
107.Atm aqkm Xs hSn-bn-p. Atm-gXm AsXmcp hy-amb kam-bn-o-cp-p.
108.Atlw Ioi-bn\nv Xs ssI ]pd-s-Sp-p, Atm-gXm AXv t\mp-hsm-sbpw shfpXmbn ImWp-p.
109.^n-Hu\ns P\-Xb
- n \np {]am-Wn-am ]c-kv]cw ]d-p: \nbw
Cbmsfmcp ]Tn amc-W-mcB-`n-Nm-cIXs-bm-Ipp.
110. \nsf \n-fpsS `qanbn\nv ]pd-m-m-\mWv Cbm Dtinp-XvAtm \n FmWv In-p-Xv?
111. Ah ]d-p: Ah-s\bpw Ahs ktlm-Z-c-s\bpw lm-dq AhnsS
Xf-- n- S pIbpw, Fm ]- W - - f n- t epw Hcp- a nptNcm Adn- b np
AAvdm^v (7)
47
\Ip in]m-bn-amsc Ab-p-Ibpw sNpI.

112. Ah, ]Tn Fm amcW-m-scbpw AbpsS ASp-tp sImp-hcs.
113. As\ amc-W-m ^n-Hu\ns ASp-tv hs-p-I-bpw, Ah
tNmZnpIbpw sNbvXp: \nbw RfmWv AXnPbnpsXn,
Rv {]Xn-êw e`n-p-atm At!
114.^n- H u ]d- p: AsX, \nbw \n \psS kao]- cns]SphcpwXs Bbn-cn-pw
115. Ah tNmZn-p: Hm aqkm, BZyw Xm- CSp-p-thm, AtXm R
CSp-hcm-IWtam?
116.aqkm ]d-p: \n CSp-hn. Atmfh Ah-cpsS hSn-Ifpw Ib-dpIfpw C-tm P\-ns Ip-Isf hio-I-cn-p-I-bpw, Ahsc Dns-bp-n `b-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah Kwò-c-am-sbmcp amc-WamWv sImp-h--Xv.
117. \mw aqkmv Znhy-k-tiw \In, \o \ns hSn-bn-Sp-I, AtmfXm
AXv Ah \nn-- Ir{X-na-sfsbmw hngpnf-bp-p.
AYhm Ah- hSn-IsImpw Ib-dp-IsImpw ]mp-Isf \nn-Xv
amcWw aptJ\ ]nim-Nns Ign-hn-\m-em-Wv. AYhm ]nim-Nv Ah-sb ]mmbn
tXmn-n-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. aqkm \_n-bpsS hSnsb ]mm-n-bXp Am-lp-hmWv. AhnsS ae-p-I-fm-Wp--Xv. Atm ae-p-IfpsS kmao-]y-n ]nimNv
]nam-dp-I-bmWpm-b-Xv. Xzmlm: 6567 Iqn-hm-bnpI.
118.Atm AhnsS kXyw kXy-ambn kw`-hn-p. Ah \nn--sXmw
s]mfn-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
119.^nHu\pw Iqcpw a-c-cw-Kv AXn-P-bn--s-p. Ah kzbw sNdnb-h-cmbn \n-y-cm-bn-- ]nn-cn-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
120.am{-nI-scmw GtXm iamsbmcp Dhn-fn-bmse kmjvSmwK{]Wm-an kp-Pq-Znhogvs-SpIbpw sNbvXp.
121. Ah {]Jym-]n-p,\nbw R k-tem-I
- f
- p-sSbpw DS-ab
- m- b \mY\n hniz-kn-n-cn-p-p.
122.aqkm-bp-sSbpw lmdq-Wn-sbpw DS-a-bmb \mY-\n.
48
JpB\ns Bmhv
123. ^n-Hu tNmZn-p: Rm \nv kXw Xcp--Xn\papv \n
Ah-\n hniz-kn-p-Itbm? \nbw, CXv ]-W-hm-kn-Isf AXn\nv
]pd-m-p--Xn\pthn Ah\pw \nfpw ]-W-nshp kwL-Snnsmcp KqVm-tem-N-\-bm-Ip-p. icn, Atm AXns êw \n
Adn-bpIXs sNpw.
124.Rm \n-fpsS ssIIfpw ImepIfpw Hn-s\mp hn]-co-Xa
- mbn sImn\p-dp-pIXs sNpw, \n-bw ]ns Rm \nsfsbm-hscbpw
{Iqin-pIbpw sNp-Xm-Wv.
125.Ah ]d-p: \nbw, R R-fpsS \mY-\n-tev Xncnpt]mtI-h-ctm.
126.R-fpsS \mYs ZrjvSm-- Rp hp-In-n-b-tm AXn
hniz-kn-psh-msX asmcp Imc-Whpw R-tfmSp {]Xn-Im-cw sNm
\n\-n--tm. R-fpsS \mYm, R-fn \o \ns a sNmcn-tb-Wta, Rsf \o Cu temI-p-\nv Dbp-Xp \n\v kkzw
kan--h-cmbnsmm-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNt-W-ta.
Xzmlm: 7273, Ap-Ad
- m-Av: 40-50 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Ben-Cw-dm: 194, Rsf
\o ]pWym-m--tfm-sSmw Dbt-Wta AYhm acn-n-tWta Fmbn-cnpw
_pn-amam-cmb hniz-mkn-IfpsS {]m-\sbv ]Tn-n-n-pv. Fm Bfp-Ifpw
ac-W-tm-Sp-IqSn kzK-n-tev Db-s-Sp-n-. Bbn-cn sXmm-bn-cn-sXm-qn HXpw \c-I-n-te-mWv {]th-in-n-Sp--Xv. AAvdm^v: 40
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Fm ]pWym-m-sf Jp-B\ns Bibw ]n]n
Pohn--h Jp-BsImv kz-n-se Cn-o-\n-tep Db-s-Sp-p. AXpsIm-mWv Rsf Dbt-Wta Fv {]mn-p--Xv. Cukm \_np ]Icw
Ipcn-in Xd--s km-kns B-m-hn-s\ ac-W-tm-Sp-IqSn Cukm \_nbpsS ASp-tv Db-s-Sp-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. Cukm \_nsb ico-c-tmSpIqSn
Xs Dbp-I-bp-ap-m-bn. Ben-Cw-dm: 55, An-km-Av: 155-159 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I. kXyw a\-n-em-Ip--Xn\papv {]Xn-êw tNmZn am{n-Iam kXyw
a\-n-em-b-tm Fmw XyPnp h[n--s-Sm Xm-dm-hp-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. hnizmkn-Iv acWsamcp \jvS-a-, Am--hmWv acWw \jvS-hpw, `b-hp-ap-mp--Xv. Xu_: 111112 IqnhmbnpI. _Jd: 154 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
127. ^n-Hu\ns P\-X-bn \np {]am-Wn-am tNmZn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp:
aqkm-sbbpw Ahs P\-Xs
- bbpw `qan-bn \mi-ap-m-p-X
- n\pw, Xmsfbpw AbpsS Cem-lp-I-sfbpw shSn-bp--Xn-\pw thn hnt-p-IbmtWm? ^n-Hu adp-]Sn ]d-p: Rm Ah-cpsS B kXnIsf
sImp-IXs sNpw, Ah-cpsS kv{XoIsf \mw Pohn-m hnSpIbpw
sNpw. \nbw \mw Ah-cp-sS-ta Fpw \S-n-em-m A[n-Im-c-
AAvdm^v (7)
49
aph Xsb-tm.
Rm Ah- c psS B kXnIsf sImp- I Xs sNpw, Ah- c psS
kv{XoIsf \mw Pohn-m hnSpIbpw sNpw. \nbw \mw Ah-cp-sS-ta Fpw
\S-n-em-m A[n-Im-ca
- ph Xsb-tm, Fv ^n-Hu ]d-bp-Xv aqkm\_n
sImp-h Fm ZrjvSm--fpw I-Xn\ptijw cmw LambnsImmWv.
Hm-L--n aqkmbpsS P\\w XS-bp--Xn\p thn Ah B km-\sf sImp-Ibpw Ah-cpsS kv{XoIsf Pohn-m A\p-h-Zn-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-pv. ABw: 17-18 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
128.aqkm Xs P\-X-tbmSp ]d-p: \n Am-lp-hn-t\mSp klmbw
tXSp-Ibpw an-p-Ibpw sNp-I. \nbw `qan Am-lp-hn-t-Xm-Ipp. Ahs ASn-a-I-fn \np Ah-\p-t-in-p--hscbh AXns
Ah-Im-in-I-fm-p-p. Am-lp-hns\ kqnp Ahs {]Xn-\n-[-nIfmbn Pohn-p ap-Jo-vXs-bmWv \ ]cn-Wn-Xn.
\nbw k_q-dn DXvt_m[-\-n-\p-tijw \mw tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p-v,
\nbw `qan Am-lp-hns k-\--fmb ASn-a-I-fmWv A\--c-h-Im-i-sa-Sp-pIm-sb-v An-bm-Av: 105 ]d-n-p-v. kpa: 74, kzKhm-kn-I \msf ]dbp--Xm-Wv: R-tfmSv sNbvX hmKvZw kXy-s-Spn Am-lp-hn-\mWv
k-kvXp-Xn-bpw, `qan-bn Ah Rsf A\--cmh-Im-in-I-fm-n, C\n-bn-tm
ChnsS kzK-n Rv CjvSwt]mse ew ]nSn-m-a-tm-b-t, {]hnp--hv e`n-p-hm t]mIp {]Xn-êw F{X A\p-{K-l-k-qw Fv ]dbpp. kzKw ChnsS ]Wn-bm\mWv a\p-jysc `qan-bntev Ab--sXp hnizkn-p--hcpw AX-\p-k-cnp ChnsS {]hn-p--h-cp-amWv hnizm-knI. hnizmkn-I-fpsS kwL-ap-s-n Ah CjvS-s Zo Po-hn-X-co-Xn\S-n-em-m A[nIm-cw \Ip-sav Aq: 55 Amlp hmKvZw sNbvXn-p-v. Ben-Cw-dm:
136, AAvdm^v: 43 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
129.Ah adp-]Sn ]d-p: \o R-fn-tev hcp--Xn\pappw R-fn-tev
h-Xn-\p-ti-jhpw R D]-{Z-hn--s-Sp-tm. aqkm ]d-p: \nfpsS \mY \n-fpsS i{Xp-sf \in-n-p-I-bpw, \nsf `qan-bn
{]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-p-Ibpw sNbvtX-pwAtm \n-sf-s\bmWv
{]hn-psXp t\mn ImWp--Xn\p thn.
Fm a\p-jy-scbpw `qan-bn \ntbm-Kn-Xv ]co-n-p--Xn\p thn-bmWv. _Jd: 157, amCZ: 94 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Fm-h-scbpw Am-lp-hn-s
{]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-bn-mWp `qan-bn \n-bn-n-p--Xv, Fm hnizm-kn-I am{XamWv Am-lp-hns {]mXn-\n[yw hln-thn[w hln-p--Xv. Am-lp-hns\
lrZ-b-n kqn-p-I-bpw, Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImp Ncn-p-Ibpw sNp-h-cmWv Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I. Cu kz`mhw e`n-m Jp-B\ns samw
50
JpB\ns Bmhv
Bibw A\n-hm-cy-hp-am-Wv. Jp-B\ns Bibw a\-n-em-m-\mWv Ffp--am-nbn-p--Xv. dAvZv: 28, Alv: 128, Ja: 17 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Am-lp-hns\ ad-h ^mkn-Jo--fm-Wv. Aq: 55, liv: 19 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. _Jd: 99 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
130.^n- H u {]`r- X n- I sf \mw hj- - t fmfw ]e- X - c - n- e p hn]pIsImpw, ê-hK-fpsS mawsImpw ]nSn-Iq-SnAh
lrZbwsImv kvacn-p--h-cm-Ip--Xn\pthn.
131. Atm Ahsmcp \ hm Ah ]d-bpw, \mw CXp XsbmWp Aln-p--Xv. Hcp Xn Ahsc _m[n-m, CXp aqkm-bpsSbpw Ah-t\m-sSm-a
- p-h
- c
- p-sSbpw Zp-Ip-\a
- m-sWv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpw.
Fm Adn-bp-I, kXy-n Ah-cpsS iIp\w Am-lp-hn--em-Ip-p.
]t Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw Xo-bmbpw Adn-hn-m--h-cm-Ip-p.
Fm-Im-e-p-ap \ntj-[n-I {]hm-N-Iam-tcmSp Cs\ Xs-bmWp
]d-n-p--Xv. bmko: 18, aqp {]hm-N-Iamsc \ntbm-Kns \mp-Im
Ah-tcmSp ]d-p: \nbw \n R-fpsS Zp-Ip-\-am-Wv, \n hnc-an-n-ns-n R \nsf Is-dn-bp-I-bpw, \np thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in _m[nn-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. 19, {]hm-N-Iam adp-]Sn \In: \n-fpsS ZpIp\w \n-tfm-sSmw Xs-bm-Wv. \n AtX-Ip-dn-smw Hman-n--s-m
C-s\-bmtWm {]Xn-I-cn-p-I, Am, \n-sfmcp AXn-cp-I-hn P\X Xsbm-Ip-p. Ckvdm-Av: 13, Fm Hmtcm a\p-jycpw Ah-cpsS `mKy-\n`m-Ky-
AYhm I-tcJ Ah-chcpsS ]nc-Sn-bn hln-p-p-sv ]d-n-p-v. Fm
P\--fn A[n-I-t]cpw bYmAdn-hmb Jp-B\ns Bi-b-a-dn-bm--Xn-\m
CsXmpw Adn-bm--h-cm-Ip-p. Ah \bpw Xnbpw Am-lp-hn \nmsWv hniz-kn-m--h-cpw, Xnv ap--hsc ]gn-Nm-cp--h-cp-am-Wv. An-kmAv: 7879, amCZ: 49 t\mp-I.
132. Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp: aqkm, Rsf ambm-Pm-e-n IpSp-m
\o Rv ZrjvSm-
- f
- n\nv FpXs s
- Imphmepw R
\nn hniz-kn-p--hc-.
133. Atm \mw Ah-cp-sS-ta sh-smw, shp-In-fn, IoS--, Xh-fI, cag XpS-nb hy-amb ZrjvSm Abp. Atm
Ah Al--cnp Kn-jvS-cm-bn, Ah {`mam-cmb Hcp P\X Xsbm-bn-cp-p.
Ckvdm-Av: 101 Ckvdm-Cu kXnIv HXv ZrjvSm sImSpn-p-sp ]d-n-p-v. 1) k-ambn amdp hSn (A-Avdm^v: 107). 2) In shp ]pd-s-Sp-m kqcys\t-mse {]Im-in-p ssI (A-Avdm^v:108).
AAvdm^v (7)
51
3) ma-n-sbpw hc-bp-sSbpw Pe-Zue`y-n-t-Xp-amb hj- (AAvdm^v:

130). 4) temI-p kIe B`n-Nm-c-Iam-cp-sSbpw ]cm-Pbw (A-Avdm^v: 119).
5)Pe-{]-fbw. 6) shp-Infn ieyw 7). a\p-jy-cnepw arK--fnepw Irjn-I-fnepw tcmKw
]c-p IoS-. 8) Xh-f-{]-fbw. 9) shw cambn amdpI hgn IpSn-m\pw
Ipfn-m\pw shw e`n-m-Xn-cn-pI (A-Avdm^v: 133). hj-t- fmfw hnhn[ Xcnep hn]-p-I-fn-dn ]co-np Fv 130 ]d hn]-p-I-fm-Wn-h. shsm--ap-m-hp-I, Irjn \in-n-p shp-In-fn-I-fpsS Iq-sf Ab-pI. `qapJp\nv BZyw XpSp\op hn]v shp-In-fn-bm-sWp \_n ]Tn-n-npv. IoS- Fp]d--Xn-\v Irjn-I \in-n-p sNv, tImgn-t, t],
Nmgn, tcmK--fp-m-p ap IoS- Ch-sbmw Ds-Sp--Xm-Wv. \S-m\pw
Ccn-m\pw ]m-hw Hcp {]tZ-ip apgp-h Xh-f-Isf s]cp-npI asmcp
hn]mbn-cp-p. Am-lp-hns\ hmgvp--Xn\p hncm-a-an-S---hw Xh-f-Isf
h[n--pXp \_n hntcm-[n-n-p-v. c-ag hjn-n-p F-Xns hnh, IpSnm\pw Ipfn-m\pw apw D]-tbm-Kn-m-\p shw c-amnam-n F-Xm-Wv.
Fm CXn\nsmpw Ah ]mT-apsmn-. Ah-cpsS ssII {]hn-Xns A\--c-^-e-ambn Amlp Ahsc \in-n-p. A-Bw: 55, AAvdm^v: 40
t\mpI.
134.Ahv C-c-samcp hn]v kw`-hn-p-tm Ah ]d-p: Hm aqkm,
\o Rv thn \ns dns-bSp- \n\-p m\wIcmap\nn {]mn-pI. Cu hn]-p Rsfsmv Zqco-I-cnp-I-bm-sW-n, \nbw R \nn hniz-kn-p-I-bpw, CkvdmCu k-Xn-Isf \ntm-sSmw Ab-pIbpw sNp--Xm-Wv.
135.Ahv \n-bn Ah-[n-hsc Ah-scsmv \mw Ccw hn]pI
Zqco-I-cn--tm Ah H-Sw Ah-cpsS {]Xn--Ifn \npw ]namdnf-p.
136.Atm \mw Ah-tcmSp {]Xn-Imcw sNbvXp, \mw Ahsc kap-{Z-n
apn \in-np. Fs-m Ah \psS ZrjvSm--sf Xn--d-bp-hcpw, Ah-sIms {]m-iq-\ycpam-bn-cp-p.
Cv ZrjvSm-- Cu Imcy--sfmw lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn ]d-p-Xcp Jp-B kq-fm-Wv. kPZ: 22, Jp-B kq- lrZ-b-ns
`mj-bn Hman-n-Xn\ptijw Ah-sb Ah-K-Wn-m Ah Xs-bmWv Ghpw
henb A{I-an-I-sf-pw, Ccw {`mam-tcmSp \mw {]Xn-Imcw sNpIXs
sNp-sapw ]d-n-p-v. Ilv^v: 57 kam-\m-i-b-ap-- kq--am-Wv. _Jd: 39 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I. bmko: 6, ]nXm-am-cm ap-dn-bnp \IsSmXn\m {]b--h-cmb Hcp P\-Xsb XmoXv \Im-\mWv XXz-\n`-camb Cu Jp-B Cd-n-b-sXp ]d-n-p-v. Cu Jp-B e`np--Xn\papv
52
JpB\ns Bmhv
apl-Zv \_n {]b-h-cn s]-h-\m-bn-cp-sp bqkp-^v: 3 ]d-n-p-v.
AAvdm^v: 205, Jp-B Inn-bn-cns C\n \o {]-b--h-cn s]p-t]mIcpsXpw ]d-n-p-v. bq\p-kv: 7,92, AAvdm^v: 179 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. BenCwdm:4,
A-Bw: 25,93 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
137. ASn--a-s-n-cp B P\-Xsb \mw]q ]na ZnpIsf \psS
A\p-{K-l
- f
- m k-a
- m-nb `qan-bpsSA\-c
- h
- I
- m-in-If
- m-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. \ns \mYs hN\w Ghpw \-\n-ev Ckvdm-Cu kXnI- am-ep--fm-b-tm, Ah-cpsSta ]qn-bm-p-Ibpw sNbvXnp-v. ^n-Hu\pw Ahs P\-Xbpw DXv]m-Znnv hnI-kn-n-p-sIm-n-cp- kI-e-Xn-s\bpw \mw Xcn--W-am-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Jkz-kv: 56 Cu kw`-hspdnv Amlp ]d-bpp: `pan-bn ASn-a-s--h-cpsS ta \psS A\p-{Klw sNmcn-bm\pw Ahsc t\Xm-fpw A\-cm-h-Im-in-Ifpw Bm-\pw `pan-bn Ahv B[n-]Xyw \Im-\pw; ^n-Hus\bpw lmam-s\bpw Ah cv t]cpsSbpw ]m-f-sbpw, Ah FmtWm `bs-psImn-cp-Xv , AX-hv ImWnv sImSp-m-\pamWv \mw Dt-in-Xv. ApJm: 23-30 Amlp ]d-bpp: Atm Fs ASn-aIsfbpw sImv \o-aqkcm{Xnp-cm{Xn Xs ]pd-s-Sp-I. \nbw \n ]nXp-S-c-s-SpI Xs
sNpw. kap-{Zs ]nf \ne-bn Xs hnSpI, \nbw Ah apn-sIm--sSm-\p Hcp ]m-f-am-Wv. F{X F{X tXmfpw Acp-hn-Ifpw Irjn--e-fpw
am\y-amb m\-am-\-fpw Ah Bkz-Zn-p-sIm-n-cp F{Xsb{X A\p-{K-l-fp-amWv Ah hntv t]mbXv. A{]-Imcw \mw AsXmw asmcp P\-Xv A\-cm-hI
- m-ia
- mbn \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. Atm AhcpsS ta BIm-itam `qantbm
Ic-n-. Ah kmh-Imiw \I-s--hcpw Bbn-cp-n-n-. \nbw C{km-Cu
k-Xn-Isf lo\-amb in-I-fn\nv \mw c-s-Sp-pI Xs sNbvXn-p-v.
AYhm ^n-Hu-\n \nv. \nbw Ah \miIm-cn-I-fns Hcp AXyp--X
Xs-bm-bn-cp-p. kPZ: 23-24 Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw \mw aqkmv {Kw
\Inbn-p-v. Atm AXp-t]m-ep Hv hv Inp--Xn \o kwi-bn--cp-Xv.
aqkmv \mw \Inb {Ks C{km-Cu k-Xn-Iv kamK-amn shpIbpw sNbv-Xn-p-v. Ah am-ep-fpw \psS kq--fn ZrV-t_m-[y-ap-h-cp-am-bncp-tm Ahsc \psS \ntZ-i-{]-Imcw kamK-n-tev \bn-p-Xn\p thn Ah-cn\np t\Xm-amsc \mw \ntbm-Kn-p-Ibpw sNbvXnp-v. _Jd: 4, 61 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
138.Ckvdm-Cu kXn-Isf \mw IS-]nfn IS-n-sm-Sp-p. As\
Ah hn{Klsf ]qPn-p-sIm-n-cn-p Hcp P\-X-bpsS ASp-snb-tm Ah ]d-p: Hm aqkm, Chp- Cem-lp-Isftmse
Rpw Nne Cem-lp-Isf \n-bnp Xcn-I. aqkm ]d-p: \nbw
\nsfmcp hnUvVn-I-fmb P\X Xs-bm-Wv.
AAvdm^v (7)
53
139.\nbw Cq ]n]-nsm-n-cn-p amKw \njn-hpw \in-m\p--Xpw, Ah {]hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--sXmw XnIpw \njv^-ehp-am-Ip-p.

140.aqkm ]d-p: Rm \nmbn Am-lp-hn-s\-b-msX asmcp Cemlns\ At\z-jn-p-Itbm? Ah \nsf k-tem-I-cn t{ijvT-\mn-bn-cn-s.
aqkm \_n-sbbpw Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I-sfbpw Amlp IS ]nfn
c-s-Sp-p-I-bpw, Ah adp-I-c-bn t\mn-\ns ^n-Hu-s\bpw kwLsbpw IS-enapn-sm-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. tijw aptmpt]m Ah hn{Klm-cm-[\ sNp Hcp P\XbpsS ASp-s-nb-tm B hn{K-lst]m-ep
Hcp Cem-lns\bmWv Ah Bhiy-s--Xv. CuPn-]vXn hj--fmbn hn{K-l-]qP-I-fnepw ]ip-]q-P-I-fnepw Gs-n-cp B P\X GI Cem-lns\pdnv Adn-hnm--h-cpw, ]ip Bcm-[\ lrZ-b-n ebn--hcpambncpXmWv AXn\p ImcWw. AXp-sIm-mWv XpSp kq-fn Amlp Ahv \Inb A\p{K-l- FSp-p--cn-p--Xpw, Ah-cpsS [nm-c -a-t\m-`mhw XpdppImWn-p-Xpw. Fm Cv Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I-fpsS Cu kz`m-h-ap-Xv `qcn-]
apkvenw-I-fn-em-sW- hkvXpX Hcp Zp:J kXy-am-Wv. Ccw kw`-h--sfmw
hni-Zo-I-cn-p Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n \npw ]mTapsm-msX ]qn-IcpsS hgn A-ambn ]n]-p--XmWp AXn\p Imc-Ww. Am-lp-hn-ep hnizmkw
cq]-s-Sp-m-\pw, {]h-\
- kzoI-cn-s
- -Sm-\p-ap _Jd: 186epw AAvdm^v;
7-8 epw ]d D]m-[n-I-sfmpw Ch At\z-jn-p-n-. "C-emlv' hni-ZoI-c-Wn\v _Jd: 133, A-Bw: 14 hni-Zo-I-c-Ww hmbnp-I.
141.Rm \nsf ^n-Hu {]`r-Xn-I-fn\npw c-s-Spn-bXv \n
kvacn-p-Ibpw sNpI, Ah \nsf \njvTqc-amb in-I-fm ]oUnn-p-I-bpw, \n-fpsS Bkm-\-sf h[n-p-Ibpw, \n-fpsS
kv{XoIsf Pohn-m hnSp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXn \nv \n-fpsS
\mY\n\np al-mb ]co--W-w Dm-bn-cp-p.
_Jd: 49 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
142.aqkmtbmSv \mw apXv -cmhpI-fn ko\m ]-X-n ]mm Icm
sNp-I-bp-apm-bn. ]noSv ]v \m Iqn-tp, As\ Xs
\mY\pam-bp IqSn-Im-gvNm-Zn\w \m]Xp cm{Xn-bmbn ]qn-bm-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. aqkm Xs ktlm-Z-c lmdq-tWmSv ]d-bpIbpw sNbvXp: Fs
Cu P\-n\v \o Fs {]mXn-\n[yw hln-p-Ibpw AhcpsS Imcy-
\o \m-n-op-Ibpw sNpI, \mi-Im-cn-I-fpsS hgn \o ]n]-mXn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-I.
54
JpB\ns Bmhv
Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-Iv th hn[n-hn-e-p-I \Ip--Xn\pthn
Amlp aqkm \_nsb ko\m ]-X
- n-tep hnfn-p-Ib
- m-Wp-m-bX
- v. Atm
aqkm \_n ktlm-Z-c lmdq \_nsb Xs P\-X-sb kamK-n \bn-p-Xn\p thn Xs {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn \n-bn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xzmlm: 83-85
kq--fn Cmcyw hnh-cn-n-p-v.
143.\mapam-bp IqSn-m-gvNp aqkm hcnIbpw, At-l
- ns \mY Atl-tmSp kwkm-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXt- m Atlw ]d-p: Fs \mYm,
\ns H-t\mw t\mm Fs A\p-{K-lnmepw. Ah Acp-fn,
\n\v Fs ImWm km[n-p-I-bn-, Fnepw \o t\sc apn-ep
]-X
- n-tep t\mpI, AXp Xm-\p \ne-sIm-p-p-sh-n,
Atm \n\v Fs ImWmw. As\ At-l-ns dv ]-Xnta {]Xy--\m-b-tm, AXns\ On-`n--am-n, aqkm t_m[w
sIp-ho-gp-Ibpw sNbvXp. t_m[w h-tm Atlw ]d-p: \o ]cnip-, Rm \nntep ]m--]np aSpp, Rm hnizm-kn-Ifn Hm-a\p-am-Ip-p.
A-Bw: 103, ZrjvSn-I Ahs\ ImWp-I-bn-, ZrjvSn-Isf Ah IpsImncnp-Ibpw sNp-p. Ah Dnsbpn Adn-bp AXn-kq-va
m\nbpw Fmw hebwsNbvX {XnIm-e-m-\n-bp-atm Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
ùXnI temIpshp Bcpw Ip-sImp Am-lp-hns\ ImWp-I-bn-, Fm
Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n lrZbwsImv Am-lp-hns\ ImWm-hp--Xm-Wv. AXpsIm- mWv Jp- B \n\p "_kzm- C ' Dmgv N ZmbIw Fp t]cp- - X v .
(ABw: 104 t\mp-I). kzK-n shp Am-lp-hns\ IpsImp ImWp-Xm-Wv. liv: 21, \mw Cu Jp-B- Hcp ae-bpsS apI-fn-emWp Cd-n-bncpsX-n, AXns\ Dsm-m Ign-bmsX Am-lp-hns\ `b-spsImv AXv
s]mn-n-fp Nnn-n-Xdn Xcn--W-am-Ip-Xv \n\v ImWmw. Ccw D]-a-I
\mw P\-p-thn D-cn-p-I-bm-Wv, Ah Btem-Nn-v {]Xn-ên-np-Xn\p thnsbp ]d-n-p-v. Cu cp kqhpw Iqn-hm-bn-p-tm JpB\ns Bi-b-n-emWv Amlp D-sX-pw, Jp-B\pw Am-lphpw Hp
Xs-bm-sWpw a\-n-em-hpw. Ben-Cw-dm: 101103, amCZ: 48, ABw: 155,157
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. aqkm \_n "\o ]cn-ip-' Fp-]-d-Xns hnh,
\n\v D]-a-bn-, DZm-l-c-W-an-, \nstmse Hcmfpan-, \nstmse Hcp hkvXphp-an, \ns Cl-n \np Ip-sImv ImWp-I-bn Fs-m-am-Wv. (_Jd:
32 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). aqkm \_n ChnsS Rm hn-izm-kn-I-fnapAvan\o-fnHm-a\
- m-Wv {]Jym-]n-p-p. bq\p-kv: 104, apl-Zv \_n-tbmSv Amlp
]d-bm In-pp, Rm hnizm-kn-I-fn s]-h-\m-bn-cn--W-sap In-s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-psh-v. kzm^m-v: 81, \nbw Atlw (\q-lv)
\psS hnizm-kn-I-fmb ASn-a-I-fn s]-h-\m-sWp ]d-n-p-v. 111, \nbw
Atlw (C-_vdmlow \_n) \psS hnizm-kn-I-fmb ASn-a-I-fn s]h Xs-
AAvdm^v (7)
55
bm-bn-cpp Fp ]d-n-p-v. 122, \nbw Ah cp-t]cpw (aq-kmbpw

lmdq-Wpw) \psS hnizm-kn-Ifmb ASn-a-I-fn s]-h-cm-bn-cp-sp ]d-n-pv. 132, \nbw Atlw (Cbm-kv) \psS hnizm-kn-I-fmb ASn-a-I-fns]h-\m-bn-cp-sp ]d-n-p-v. ^mnl: 6 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
144.
Amlp ]d-p: Hm aqkm, Rm \ns P\--fn shp Fs
kt-i-sa-n-p--Xn-\pw, Fs kw`m-j-W-n\pw thn sXsc-sSp-n-cn-p-p. Atm Rm \n\p \Ip-Xv apdpsInSn-p-I,
\o \n {]I-Sn-n-p--h-cn Ds-Sp-Ibpw sNp-I.
Am-lp-hns kt-ihpw cn-km-e-pw kw`m-j-Whpw I-em-apw Ap
Xudm-m-bn-cp-p, Fm Cp Jp-B am{X-am-Wv. Jp-B\ns\ apdpsInSnp
Pohn-p--h am{X-amWv \n {]I-Sn-n-p--h, Am--h-scmw \nsI \ntj[nI-fm-Wv. _Jd: 121,152,253, ABw: 10 t\mpI.
145.
\mw At-l-n\v kI-e-Po-hnXXpd-Isf kw_-n D]-tZi \ntZi-fpw, Fm Hmtcm hkvXp-sfpdn-pap hni-Zo-I-c-Whpw B êI- - f n
tcJsSpnsmSp- p- I bpw,
AXns\
\o
apdpsInSnpsImpI, Ahsb Ghpw \-\n-e-v apdpsInSn-m
\ns P\-X-tbmSv In-p-Ibpw sNp-I Fv \ntZ-in-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. ASp--`m-hn-bn Xs Rm \nv sXmSn-I-fpsS `h\w
Imn--cp--Xm-Wv.
cv inemê-I--fn-embncpp- AXp tcJ-s-Spn \In-bn-cp--sXv
ss__n-fn ]d-n-p-v. H {K-amb AIn-Xm-_ns `mKw Xs-bmWv
Xudm-v. Cv AXv -th-ZwauC-fpw Fm-Im-cy--fpw hni-Zo-I-cn-n-pXpamb
Jp-B am{Xam-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm: 138, ABw: 157 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Ahkm\Imev Jp-B AW--p-]-tbm-Knp ISnp ]nSn--W-sav l-p
hnZm-C Xs \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Jp-B\ns Bibw Adn-np ]n]-mXn-cn-p-I-bpw, ap--hv ]d-p-sIm-Sp-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--h Xs-bmWv
[nm-cn-If
- mb sXm-SnI-sfp _Jd: 99 hni-Zo-Ic
- W
-
- n ImWp-I. Cv samw
a\p-jyp thZw Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-am-b-Xn-\m AXv aqSn-sh-p apkvenwI-fn \np--h am{XamWv Ccw [nm-cn-I-fmb sXm-SnI. _Jd: 2627,185,
ABw: 38, 90 t\mp-I.
146. lJv Jp-B\ns Bi-bwIqSmsX `qan-bn Al--cnp \S-p-hsc Fs kq-sfsmv Rm ]nn-cn-np If-bpIXs sNpw.
Ah GsXmcp ZrjvSmw sX-fn-hv, apAvPnkv Imepw AXn
hniz-kn-p-I-bn-. Ah kamKw Im B amKw ]n]-p-Ibpan-, ZpamKw Im-tem, AX-h kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw. \nbw,
AXv Ah \psS kq-sf Xn--d-bp-I-bpw, Ah-sIms {]-
56
JpB\ns Bmhv
b--h-cp-am-bn-cp-Xv Imc-W-memWv.
_Jd: 147,256, AAvdm^v: 136 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
147.BcmtWm \psS kq-sf Xn--d-bp-I-bpw, ]c-temIw Ip-ap-p- X ns\ If- h m- p- I bpw sNbv X - X v , Ah- c psS {]h- \ - - s fmw
]mgmbntmbn-cn-p-p. Ah {]hn--Xn-\-msX {]Xn-êw sImSpm-s\m-ptam?
Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tnm {ian-m-sXbpw, Adn-nv P\-v ]Tnnp sImSp-m-sXbpw ]WvUn-Xam-cm-sWv Al--cnp \Sp sXmSnIsf
Jp-B\n \np Xncn-p-hn-Sp-sa-mWp Amlp ]d-bp--Xv. kamKw JpB\ns Bi-b-amWv, Am--sXmw ZpamK-hp-am-Wv. Jp-B\ns Bibans-n {]m-\-Iv Dcw e`n-p-I-tbm, I- kzoI-cn--s-Sp-Itbm
Csv _Jd: 186 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I. bq\p-kv: 90-92 kq- Iqnhm-bn-p-I. bmko: 54-, hn[n-Zn-hkw HcmtfmSpw A]wt]mepw A\oXn ImWnp-I-bn-, \n {]hn--Xn-\-msX {]Xn-êw \Ip-I-bpan Fpw ]dn-p-v. k-_-Av: 33 Ah-km-\n-p-Xv Ah{]-hn-psIm-n-cpXn-\-msX
{]Xn-êw sImSp-ptam F tNmZy-tm-sS-bm-Wv. kzKhpw \c-I-hp-samw Hmtcm
Bmhpw km-Zn-p--Xm-sWv Cu kqhpw ]Tn-n-p-p. _Jd: 176, ABw: 31, 88, AAvdm^v: 35-36 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
148.
aqkm-bpsS P\X At-l-w Xu-dmv kzoI-cn-m t]mb-Xn-\p-tijw Ah- c psS B`- c - W - fpcpnb Nqf- b n\nv ap{I- b n- S p
icoctmSp-Iq-Snb Hcp ]ip-n-Sm-hns {]Xna \nnp. Ah a\-nem-p-n-t, AXp X-tfmSv kwkm-cn-p-n-s-pw, Ahsc bYm
hgn-bn-tev am-Zi\w \Ip-n-s-pw? Fmepw Ah AXns\
sXsc-sSp-p, A{I-an-Ifm-bn-o-cpIbpw sNbvXp.
aqkm \_n-bpsS P\X Ah-cpsS B`-c-W-sfmw Dcpm thn Nqf-bnen-p. kman-cn-bpsS t\XrXz-n-emWv AXv \S--Xv. kmancn Ahp B Xoq-fbn\nv Hcp ]ip-p-n-bpsS cq]apmn ]pd-s-SppsImSp-p, Atm
AXn\p ap{I-bn-Sp iw \In-bXp ]nim-Nm-Wv. kmancn Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-Ibpw
sNbvXp: CXp \n-fp-sSbpw aqkm-bp-sSbpw Bcm-[y\m-Wv, aqkm AXv \n-tfmSp
]d-bm ad--XpamWv Xzmlm: 87-88 -t\m-p-I. 89 Amlp ]d-bp-p: AXv Ahcn-tev hmp-I aSp-n-spw (tNm-Zn-p--Xn\v adp-]Sn \Ip-n-s-pw)
Ahv D]-{Z-htam D]-Im-ctam hcp-m AXn\v A[n-Im-c-an-spw Ah a\n-em-p-n-tbm Fv. _Jd: 254, A-Bw: 21, 52 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
149.
X-fpsS ssII--fm Ah \mi-n-e-I-s-Sp-I-bpw, Xobmbpw
R hgn-]n-gn-cn-pp Fp Ah a\-n-em-p-Ibpw sNbvX-tm,
AAvdm^v (7)
57
Ah tIWp, R-fpsS \mY R-tfmSv IcpW ImWn-p-Ibpw

Rv s]mdppXcn-Ibpw sNbvXn-n-s-n, \nbw R Fmw
\jvS-s--h-cn Ds-SpI Xs sNpatm Fv.
_Jd: 54mw kq-{]-Imcw ]ip-p-nsb Dmn Bcm-[n--htcmSv ]c-kv]cw
h[n-m I]n--s--tm \nb-{Wwhnv sIme\SpIbpw, B Iq-sm-ebn Cu kq-{]-Imcw ]m--]np aS-nb Bfp-Ifpw D-s-Sp-I-bpm-bn.
Ahv ilo-Zns {]Xn-êw e`n-p-sav \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. _Jd: 121,
AAvdm^v: 23 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
150.
aqkm Xs P\-X-bn-tev tZjy-s-p-sImpw \ncm-i-\mbn Zp:JnpsImpw Xncnphp tNmZnp: F\nptijw \n Fp-am{Xw Zpjn
{]mXn-\n-[y-amWp kzoI-cn--Xv, \n \n-fpsS dns I-\-pthn [rXnImWn-pthm? ê-I
-
- Fdn-p-If
- b
- p-Ibpw, Xs ktlmZ-cs Xe-ap-Sn-bn ]nSnp At-lntep hen-n-g-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
lmdq ]d-p: Fs amXm-hns aI-t\, \nbw Cu P\w Fs
_e-lo-\\
- m-n HXpnf-p, Fs Ah sImp-If
- b
- p-sa-n-St- mf-sa-n. Atm Fs i{Xp-v \o Nncn-m Ah-k-c-ap-m-mXn-cn-p-I-bpw, A{I-an-I-fmb Cu P\-ns Iq-n Fs \o s]Spm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-I.
Xzmlm: 85, Amlp aqkm \_n-tbmSp ko\m ]-X-nshp ]d-bpp: \nbw \ns P\-Xsb \n\-p]pdsI \mw ]co--W-n-e-I-s-Sp-p-I-bpw,
kmancn Ahsc hgn-]n-g-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-pv. 86, Atm aqkm \_n tIm]tmSpw \ncm-i-tbmSpw Zp:JtmSpw IqSn P\-X-bn-tep Xncn-p-h-cn-I-bpw, Hm
Fs P\-ta, \ntfmSv \n-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mY Ghpw \ hmKvZw sNbvXncp-n-t, Atm DS-Sn \nv ZoLn--Xmbn A\p-`-h-s-pthm? AtXm
\n-fpsS \mY\n \np tIm]w \n-fn ]Xn--W-sa-mtWm \n Dtin-Xv? Fs hmKvZ-- \n ewLn-pI hgnsbp tNmZn-p-p. 90,
aqkm Xncnp hcp--Xn\papv lmdqAh-tcmSp ]d-n-p-m-bn-cp-p: \nbw
Cu ]ip-pn hgn \n ]co-n--s-Sp-I-bm-Wv, \nbw \n-fpsS \mY ]ca-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mb \njv]--hm-\m-Wv. Atm \n Fs ]n]-p-Ibpw, Fs
I]\-I A\p-k-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-Isb-v. 91, B P\-X adp-]Sn ]d-p:
aqkm R-fn-tep Xncnphcp-Xphsc R-sfm-cn-epw AXns\ ]qPn-p-Xn \np hnp-\np-I-bn-. 92-94 kq-fn, aqkm lmdq-\nt\mSp tNmZn-pp: Hm lmdq, Ah hgn-]n-g-p-Xp I-tm AXp XS-bm-Xn-cn-m \n\s-p-]n? \o Fs amKw ]n]-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw, Fs I\ [n-cn-pIbpw sNbvXpthm? lmdq adp-]Sn ]d-p: "Hm Fs amXmshm ktlm-Zcm,
\osbs XmSnbpw Xe-ap-Snbpw ]nSnphen-t, \nbw Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-Ifn `nn-p-m-n-sbpw, Fs hmn\p \o Imn-cp-n-m-sbpw \o ]d-bp-
58
JpB\ns Bmhv
sap Rm `b-s-p'.
Xzmlm: 94mw kq-n-ep lmdq \_n-bpsS Cu adp-]Sn kwL-S\m
Xm]-cy-n\pthn inv `n-n-vhsc A\p-hZ- \
- o-ba
- m-sWv hmZn-m thn
hf-sm-Snp Nne I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Cp cwK-p-v. Ah Xzmlm: 90
lmdq, "\n-fpsS \mY \njv]--hm-\mb ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mWv' (h-gn-tI-Sn\v
Ahs\ Ipw ]d-nv Imcy-an-. Ah Hcm-sfbpw kzK-n-tetm \c-I-ntetm Bp-n-) Fv ]d-tXm, AAvdm^v: 150, Ah Fs HXp-nI-f-p, Ah Fs sImp-I-f-bp-sa-tmf-san. Ctm \obpw Fs apSnbpw
XmSnbpw ]nSnp FtmSp tZjyw ImWnpIhgn Fs i{Xpp Nncn-m
hI\I-t, Fs A{I-an-I-fmb P\-X-bn s]Sp-p-Ibpw sNt Fv lmdq
aqkm-tbmSp -]-d-tXm Ah In-n-sv \Sn-psImv _Jd: 137, 176, Ben-Cwdm: 103, A-Bw: 158-159, Adqw: 31-32, apAvan\q: 51-53 XpS-nb kqsfsbmw aqSn-shpsImpw P\-sf ]nim-Nns kwL-n hcn-p-sI-pI-bmWv Ah sNp--Xv. Bbn-cn sXmm-bn-cn sXmqn HXpw \c-In-te-m-sW \_n hN\w Ah ]pdp]dbmtdbn-. Cukm\_n hm
hnizm-kn-I, Ccw ap\m-^n-Jp-I-sf- h[nv An-km-Av: 91, Xu_: 123, Alvkm_v: 61 kq--fpsS I]\ \S-n-em-p-XmWv.
lmdq \_n aqkm \_n-bpsS amXm-shm ktlm-Zc-\pw aqv hbv aqkm
\_n-tb-m A[n-I-hp-am-bn-cp-p. Atm Am-lp-hns tIm]-n aq
ktlm-Z-c-\m-sW-nepw apSnbpw XmSnbpw ]nSnphenp tIm]-tm-Sp-IqSn s]cp-amdm-sa-pw, Xudmpw -Cv Jp-B\pw Am-lphns tIm]-n hen-s-dn-bmsapw Cu kw`-h-n\nv a\-n-em-mw. AXv Xs-bmWv Am-lphns
Xr]vXnbn ap--hsc Xr]vXn-s-Sp--Xp-h-scbpw, tIm]-n ap--hsc tIm]np-Xphscbpw, Am-lp-hn-\p-thn \Ip--Xp-h-sc-bpw, \Im-Xn-cn-p-Xph-scbpw \n-fn Hcmfpw hnizm-kn-bm-Ip-n- Fv \_n ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcpfpw. Xu_: 2324, apPm-Zne: 22 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Ben-Cw-dm: 159, An-km-Av: 118,
135, A-Bw: 116 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
151. aqkm {]mn-p, Fs \mYm, F\npw Fs ktlm-Z-c\pw \o
s]mdppXcn-I-bpw, Rsf \o \ns Imcp-Wy-n {]th-in-n-pIbpw sNt-W-ta. \o IcpW sNp--h-cn Ghpw \mbn IcpW
sNp--h-\-tm.
\ns Imcp-Wy-n {]th-in-n-t-Wta Fv hnizm-kn-I {]mn-ptm ImcpWyw Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-am-sWv a\-n Icp-Xp-Ibpw, Fs
\mYm, F\nv Adnhv hn-nv Xtc-Wta Fv lrZbw sImv {]mnv
B JpB\ns Bibw hmbn-pIbpw thWw. _Jd: 255 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
AAvdm^v (7)
59
152.\nbw, ]ip-p-nsb Cem-lmbn sXsc-s-Sp--h-cp--tm, X-fpsS

\mY\n \np tIm]w Ah-cn ]Xn-pI Xs sNpw, Cl-n
Ah \ny-cmbn]-Xn-X-cm-bnocp-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. A{]-Im-c-amWv
Iw sIn--a-p--hp \mw {]Xn-êw sImSp-p-I.
_Jd: 54 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I. Fm-epw Iw sIn--av ]d-bp-h I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-Wv. bp\pkv: 17 Amlp ]d-bpp: BcmWv Am-lphns ta Iw sIn--av ]d-bp--h-t\-m Ghpw henb A{Ian? Asn Ahs kq- Xn-d-bp--h-t\-m? \nbw Ccw {`mamsc
Amlp hnP-bn-n-p-I-bn Xs. _Jd: 79, 85, ABw: 93, AAvdm^v: 37 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
153.ZpjvI- {]hn-p-Ibpw ]ns AXn-\p-tijw AXp sXmsWp a\-n-emn ]m--]np aS-p-Ibpw kXyhnizmkw kzoI-cnp-Ibpw sNbvX-h-cp--tm, \nbw Ah-cpsS hnizm-k-n\pw ]mm-]-n\pw tijw Xo-bmbpw \ns \mY Gsd s]mdp-p-- IcpWm-hm-cn-[n Xs-bm-Ip-p.
_Jd: 159162, An-km-Av: 146-147, amCZ: 93- kq--fpsS hniZo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
154.aqkmv tIm]w XWp--tm, Atlw B ê-I--sf-Sp-p. AXn
X-fpsS \mYs\ Dn-s-bp-n `b-s-Sp--hv kamKhpw ImcpWyhpw \mw sImn-sh-n-p-m-bn-cp-p.
Cu kq-n ]d kamKhpw Imcp-Wyhpw Cv Jp-B\
- n-s Bibw
XsbmWv. hn[n-Zn-hk\mfn Hmtcm-cp-pw C-kvdm-Avx 13-14 ]d-
{]h\ dnmUv \IpIbpw, CXm \psS {Kw, CXv \n-fp-sS-taep
kXyw kv]n-p--Xm-Wv {]Xn-^-en-n-p--XmWv \mw \n {]hn-p-sXmw sImn-sh-p-sIm-n-cn-p-I-bm-bn-cpp Fv Pmknb: 29 ]d-n-pv. Atm AcmtWm Jp-B-\ns Bibw a\-m--hm-Nm--IaWm X-fpsS
]nc-Sn-bn-ep Iyp--dn sImn-sh-n-p-Xv Ahv am{X-amWv hn[n-Zn-h-k\m-fn ktm-j-tm-SvIqSn {]h\{Kw he-Xp-I-n e`n-p-Ibpw hmbnm km[n-p-Ibpw sNp-I. _Jd: 4043, 121, ABw: 157 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
155. \map-ambp IqSn-m-gvNpthn Xs P\-X-bn\nv Fgp-]Xv BfpIsf aqkm sXsc-s-Sp-p. As\ Ahscsbmcp `b-c {]I-\w
]nSn-Iq-Sn-b-tm, aqkm t_m[n-n-p: Fs \mYm, \o Cn-n-cp-p-shn Ch-scbpw Fsbpw CXn\papv Xs \in-n-m-am-bn-cp--tm,
R-fnse GXm\pw Ahn-th-In-I-fmb aqVam {]hn Ip-n\v
\o Rsf apgp-h \in-n-p-I-bm-tWm? A, CXv \ns Hcp ]co--
60
JpB\ns Bmhv
WamsX asm-p-a-. AXp-hgn \o Cn-p--hsc hgn-]n-g-n-p-I-bpw,
\o Cn-p-hsc kamKnem-p-Ibpw sNp-p. R-fpsS cm[n-Imcn \o am{X-am-Ip-p, AXn\m Rv \o s]mdppXcn-I-bpw,
\ns ImcpWyw R-fn hjn-pIbpw sNt-W-ta, \o s]mdp-p-h-cnshv Ghpw D-a Xsbtm.
_Jd: 55-56, 73, An-km-Av: 153154 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
156.
Rv Cu sFln-I-tem-Iv \o \ tcJ-s-Sp-t-W-ta, ]ctem-Inepw \o \ tcJ-s-Sp-t-W-ta. \nbw R \ns amKntev hn-cn-p-p. Amlp ]d-p: Fs in, Rm\p-t-inp--hsc AXp _m[n-n-p-p, Fm Fs ImcpWyw kIehkvXp-sfbpw hebw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. Atm A\p-k-c-W-t-Sv ImWnpXv kqnpIbpw, kwkvI-cW {]h-\- sImp-h-cn-I-bpw,
\psS kq--fn hniz-kn-p-Ibpw sNp--hv Rm\Xv tcJ-sSp-pI Xs sNpw.
^mnl: 2, _Jd: 24, 201-- -202,-- A-Bw: 5455, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
157.X-fpsS ]-ep Xudm-nepw Co-enepw tcJ-s-SpspImWp
\nc- - c - \ mb \_nbpw dkq- e p- a mb ZqXs\ ]np- S - c p- - h - c m- t cm,
AhmIpp Cu A\p-{K-l-w tcJ-s-Sp-p-I. Atlw AhtcmSp \IsImv In-p-I-bpw, XnIsImv hntcm-[n-p-Ibpw, ]cn-ip-amb hn-`-h-sf Ahp A\p-h-Zn-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw t hkvXpsf Ah-v \njn--am-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Ahsc sRcn-p-sIm-ncn-p `mc Ah-cn\nv Cd-n-sh-p-Ibpw, Ahsc hcnpapdpnbn-cp N-eI s]mns-dn-bp-Ibpw sNpp. Atm BcmtWm
At- l - n hniz- k np- I bpw, At- l s _e- s - S p- p- I bpw,
Atls klm-bn-p-Ib
- pw, At-lt- m-sSmw Cd-s
- {]Im-is
]n]-p-Ibpw sNp--Xv, Aq- am{Xam-Ipp hnPbwhcnp-h.
\a Jp-B-\ns I]-\-Ifpw Xna Jp-B-\ns hntcm-[--fp-amWv.
Atm \a In-p-Ibpw Xn hntcm-[n-p-Ibpw sNp {]hm-N-I FXv
sImv DtZ-in-p--Xv Jp-B-\ns Bibw P\--fn-tev Fn-p-sImSp-p
{]hm-N-I FmWv, kqw 54 {]Imcw krjvSnpw hn[n-hn-e-p-I \Iepw
k-temIfpsS DSa XsbmWv. {XnIme m\n-bmb Ah am{X-amWv a\pjy-cpsS {]Ir-Xnv KpW-Ic
- a
- m-bXpw tZmj-Ic
- a
- m-bXpw Ad-nbp-h
- . Atm {XnIme-m-\-amb Jp-B-\ns Bi--b-n ]cm-ain-n-p ]cn-ip--am-bXpw tam-bXpw thXn-cnv sImSp-p {]hm-N-I FmWv ]cn-ip--amb hn-`-h-sf
Ahp A\p-h-Zn-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw t hkvXp-sf Ah-v \njn--am-p-Ibpw
sNpp FXv sImv Dt-in-p-Xv. Fm-Im-epw Am-lp-hns Imcp-Wy-
AAvdm^v (7)
61
n\p hnt[-b-am-Im, Imcp-Wy-amb thZ-{K-ns ASn-m-\-n hnizmkw

cq]-s-Sp-p-I-bpw, AXns hn[n-hn-e-p-I ]n]-p-Ibpw thWw. Jp-B
Ah-X-cn-n--Xn\ptijw Am-lp-hns Imcp-Wy-n\p hnt[-b-amhp-I, {]Im-i-amIp B Jp-B\ns\ ]n]-p--h am{Xam-Wv. A-n-km-Av: 174-175 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I. {]hm-N-Is PohnXw Jp-B-\m-bn-cp-p. Jp-B hXn-\p-tijw
kwL--fn GXv kwL-am-sW-nepw icn, JpB\ns\ ]n]-m-Xn-cp-m
AhtcmSv hmKvZw sNbvXn-p-Xv \c-I-am-sW-pw, Jp-B\ns Imcy-n \o
kwi-bn--cp-sX-pw, \nbw AXv \ns \mY\n \np-- kXyw XsbmsWpw, ]t P\--fn A[n-I-t]cpw hniz-kn-p-I-bn-spw lqZv: 17 ]dn-p-v. _Jd: 5, 121, amCZ: 100 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
Ahsc sRcn-n-cp `mc- sImp-t-in-p-Xv, A\n-kvem-an-Ia
- mb BNmc-fpw A\p-jvTm-\-fpw, amaq-ep-I-fpw aqe-ap PohnXti--fm-Wv. hcn-p-apdp-nb N-e-I sImp-t-in-p-Xv, imnbpw kam-[m-\-an-m-bva-bpamWv.
AYhm ssIq-p--h Imcy-m-c F \oXn-bm-bn-cpp \S-n-ep-m-bn-cp-Xv. Fhn-sSbpw ASnbpw ]nSnbpw a-\-fpw c-sm-cn-nepw km-{Xn-I-am-bn-cpp. Atm kam-[m-\-tm-Sp-IqSn ]pd-n-d-m km[n-n-cp-n-. bmko: 89
kq-fn, Cu Ah asmcp cq]-n hnh-cn-n-p-v, \nbw \mw AhcpsS ]nc-Sn-bn Hcp N-e-bn-n-cn-p-p, AXv XmSn-sbphsc \op-In-S-p-Ibpw
sNp-p. AXp-sImv Ahv Igpv Atm-p-an-tmpw Xncn-m km[n-pn-, Ah-cpsS apnepw ]nnepw Hcp aXn sIp-v, Ahsc aqS-s-Sp-Ibpw
sNbvXn-cn-p-p. Atm Ah Hpw Xs ImWm Ign-bm--h-cm-Wv . 10,
Ah-cpsS Imcy-n \o ap-dn-bnp \Ip-Xpw \Im-Xn-cn-p-Xpw ka-am-Wv,
Ah hniz-kn-p-I-bn-m-sbpw, 11, \nbw Jp-B\ns Bibw ]n]-pIbpw, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is\ Jp-B\ns Bi-b-nIv `b-s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-hs\ am{X-am-Wv \o DWp-I. Atm Ah\v ]m]-tam-N-\hpw am\y-amb {]Xn^-eh
- p-ap-sp ip`-hm-bd
- n-bn-p-I. Fm Jp-B\
- m-Ip {]Im-ihpwsImv
apl-Zv \_n hv AhcpsS Al-m-chpw [nm-chpw A-Im-c-fp-samw
IcnpIfv Ahscsbmcp Da kap-Zm-ba-- mn ampIbp-mbn. B-en-Cw-dm:
103-104,110 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
l-p hnZm-C ]q-amnb Ckvemw {ItaW ]ncn-bp-Sv XpS-n.
Cv apl-Zv \_n-bpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-sfv Zpc-`n-am-\n-p apkvenw-I-fmWv Ckveman-en-mXpw Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n-\v hncp-hp-amb hnhn[ BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\ hgn P\fn Pohn-X-`mcw Ib-n-sh-p--Xv. _v, t_mw_v kvt^mS-\w,
c-sm-cn-n-, abpacpv I-h-S-w, kv{Xo[-\-w, B`-c-W-{àw, hKo-b-X, kwLS-\m]-]m-Xw XpSn ss]im-Nn-I-amb {]h-\--fn-semw aphsc At]nv IqSpX apgpInbncn-p-Xv apkvenwI-fm-sWv ImWmw. {]Im-i-am-Ip
Jp-B\ns Bi-bs Ah-K-Wnp aqSn-sh--Xm-Wv C-Xns\mw Imc-Ww. amCZ:
1516, ABw: 2526, 8990 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
62
JpB\ns Bmhv
158.]d-bp-I: Hm a\p-jy-tc, \nbw Rm \nfnsem-hc
- n-tepap Amlp-hns ZqX-\m-Ip-p. Ah-\m-Ipp BIm-i--fp-sSbpw `qan-bp-sSbpw
B[n]Xyw. Ah-s\m-gnsI thsd Hcp Cem-lp-an-. Ah-\m-Ipp Pohn-np-Ibpw acn-npIbpw sNp--Xv. Atm \n B Am-lphns\smpw, Ahs \nc- - c \pw \_nbpw dkq- e p- a mb
ZqXs\smpw hniz-kn-p-hn. At-l-tam, Amlphns\smpw
Ahs hN- \ - sImpw hniz- k n- ph\m- I p- p\n
kamKn-em-hpI Xs thW-sa-X
- n\pthn AXns\ ]n]-p-Ibpw
sNphn.
k_-Av: 28- Amlp ]d-bp-p: \ns \mw samw a\p-jyv ip`-hmZm-b-I\pw ap-dn-bnp \Ip--h-\p-ambnsm-msX Ab-n-n-, Fm P\-fn A[n-I-t]cpw Adn-hn-m--h-cm-Ip-p. An-bm-Av: 107 Amlp ]d-bpp:
k-tem-I-pw A\p-{K-l-am-bn--msX \ns \mw Ab-nn. ^pJm: 1 Amlp ]d-bpp: k temI-scbpw ap-dn-bnv \Ip--Xn\p thn, Xs
ASn-ab
- psS ta kXym-kXy hn-th-N\ am\-ZWvUw Cd-nbh A\p-{Kl kq\m-Ip-p. Ccw kq--fneqsS-sbmw ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p apl-Zv \_nbpsS
PohXw P\--fn kmy-s-Sp-msX, Jp-B\pw apl-Zv \_nbpw apkvenw-IfpsSXv am{X-am-sWv sX-ncn-nph Xs-bmWv \jvS-s--h. _Jd: 254
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Am-lp-hn-s\bpw apl-Zv \_n-sbbpw Ah-c-h-scbpw ]nim-Nns\bpw ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p- Jp-B\ns Bibw hp-In-m-smcp P\-Xsb
Amlp inn-p-I-bn-sv Ckvdm-Av: 15 ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B-\ns Bibw
hvIn-n-bnpw apl-Zv \_nsb Fmhp-ap {]hm-N-I-\m-sWp ]cn-N-b-sSp-Ibpw ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNm apkvenw-I-fmWv Ah-cpsS ]m]-`m-chpw
IqSn hln-t-n-h-cn-I-sbp A-Bw: 26 ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 146 Iqn-hm-bnp-I. Jp-B-\n-msX Ah-cpsS GXv {]h-fpw \njv^-e-am-sWv _Jd: 186
hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I. _Jd: 213, Ben-Cw-dm: 7880, ABw: 125-126
"\nc--c\pw \_nbpw dkq-ep-amb' ZqX-s\v apl-Zv \_nsb Jp-B-\n
Cu cv kq- - f n am{X- a mWv ]cn- N - b - s - S p- n- b n- c n- p- - X v . "\n
kamKn- e m- h pI Xs thW- s a- - X n\pthn AXns\ ]n]- p- I bpw
sNphn' Fv ]d--Xnse "AXv' apI-fnse kq-n ]d apl-Zv \_ntbm-sSmw Cd--s {]Im-iamb Jp-B-\ns Bibw Xs-bm-Wv. Fm
"AXns\' F-Xn\p ]Icw At-ls ]n]-pI Fpw Bi-b-ap-v. Amlphpw JpB\pw dkqepw Hm-sWv Xu_: 65 ImWm-hp--Xm-Wv. Atm
Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-Itbm ]Tn-n-p-Itbm sNm apkvenw-I, Amlp-hn-s\bpw dkq-en-s\bpw Jp-B-\n aqSn-shv ]nim-Nns\ Pohn-n-p Im^ndp-Ifpw A{I-an-Ifpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw ey-t_m[w \jvS-s--hcpw {`mamcpw
Cl-]-c-Po-hnXw \jvS-s--h-cp-amWv. AAvdm^v: 3740 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
AAvdm^v (7)
63
159.
aqkm-bpsS P\-Xb
- n Hcp hn`mKw, lJv (k-Xyw) sImv amKZi\w
sN-s-Sp-I-bpw, AXp-sImv \oXn ]pep-Ibpw sNp--h-cm-bnDmbncp-p.
lJv Fp-]-d-m, H thZ-{K--amb AIn-Xm-_m-Wv. CXv Jp-B-
am{XamWv Fv _Jd: 147s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-pI . AAvdm^v: 89 Iqnhm-bn-pI. Jp-B sImv \oXn ]pem--h AYhm hn[n-In-m-h Xs-bmWv Im^n-dp-Ifpw A{I-an-Ifpw sXm-Sn-Ifpw Fv bYm-{Iaw amCZ;
44,45,47 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ImWmw. An-km-Av: 135 t\mp-I.
160.\mw B P\s ]{v tKm{X--fmbn hn`-Pn-p, Ahsb kzX-{ -kaq-l-sf-tm-W-amn. Xs P\w At-l-tmSv IpSn-shw tNmZn-tm \mw aqkmv Znhyktiw \In, \o \ns hSn-sImv B
Int ASn-p-I. Atlw ASn--tm, AXn\nv ]{v Dd-hI s]mn-sbm-gp-In. Fm Hmtcm hn`m-K-w a\p-jycpw Ah-cpsS IpSn-sh-sa-Sp-p m\w a\-n-emn. \mw Ah-cp-sS-ta taL-ns
XW hncn-p. Ah-cp-sS-ta abpw khbpw hjn-npIbpw
sNbvXp--Rm \nv \Inbnp ]cnipamb `W-hn-`-h-
XnpsImp-hn. Ah \tmSp A{Iaw {]hn-n-n-, Fm
Ah AhtcmSvXs A{Iaw ImWn-p-sImn-cnpI-bm-bn-cp-p.
_Jd: 5760, amCZ: 51, A-Bw: 52, 113, 144 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
161.Ah-tcmSv ]dbs-Xpw Hmt-Xm-Wv. \n Cu \mn XmaknpI-bpw, AXn\nv \n Dt-inpwhn[w `np-sIm-pIbpw
sNpI. \n AXns hmXn-ep-I "lnzXzp' Fv D-cn-psImpw kpPqZn-embnsmpw {]th-in-psImp-hn. \mw \nfpsS
sXp-Is
- fmw s]mdppXcn-Ib
- pw, Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p
kpIr-X-hmamv kpIrXw sNm Ah-kcw hn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-Xm-Wv.
_Jd: 58 hnio-Z-I-cWw t\mp-I.
162.Atm Ah-cn\np A{I-an-I \mw Ah-tcmSv ]d-bm ]d
hmns\ asm-mn amn-a-dn-p. Atm \mw, Ah A{I-an-I-fm-bn-cp-Xn-\m Ah-cp-sS-ta BIm-i-n\npw Hcp ZWvU\w Abp.
_Jd: 59, amCZ: 2026 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
163.kap-{Z-Xo-cv Xma-kn-n-cp B \mp-Imscpdnv ChtcmsSmp tNmZnp
t\mp-I: Ahn-Ss P\w i\n-bmgvN \mfn AXn-{Iaw ImWn-Xns\pdn-v, i\n-bmgvN \mfn ay Ah-cn-tev IqwIqambn
64
JpB\ns Bmhv
aqs-Spphcn-I-bpw, Am \mfp-I-fn Ah-cn-tev hcm-Xn-cn-pIbpw sNbvXp! A{]-Imcw Ah-cpsS Im]Syw ImcWw \mw Ahsc ]co-W-n-e-I-s-Sp-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p.
_Jd: 65-66, amCZ: 94 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
164. Ah-cn \np Hcp hn`mKw tNmZn-Xpw Hmn-t-Xm-Wv, Amlp

\in-np-Itbm As-n ITn-\a
- mbn inn-p-Itbm sNm-\n-cn-p
Hcp P\s \n kZp-]-tZiw sNp--sX-n-\mWv? Atm Ah
adp-]Sn \In: \n-fpsS dns ASp- Hgn--I-gnhv e`n-pXn-\pw,
Ah kqvaX ssIsmv Pohn-phcmIp-Xn\pw thn-bm-WXv.
B \mnse P\- aqv hn`m-K-m-cm-bn-cp-p. 1. Adn-p-sImv [nmcw
am{Xw {]hn-p--h. 2. Acw [nmcw Inv Ahsc Xncp-msX
au\w ]men-h. 3. \ In-p-Ibpw Xn hntcm-[n-p-Ibpw sNp--h.
ChnsS cm-as hn`m-K-m-cmWv aqm-as hn`m-K-m-tcmSp tNmZn-p--Xv.
Atm aqm-as hn`m-K-m cm-as hn`m-K-mv adp]Sn \Ip-I-bmWv: \n-fpsS dn-s-b-Sp- Hgn--I-gnhv e`n-p--Xn-\pw, [nm-cn-I [nmcw
shSnp kqva
- X ssIsIm-p-Ib
- m-sW-n AXhv Xs KpW-{]-Za
- m-hpatmsbp Icp-Xn-bpamWv R Ahsc kZp-]-tZiw sNp--Xv. amCZ: 105 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
`qan AXns kp-e-\-n \ne-\np--Xn\p thn-bp Xpem-km-bnsm-mWv Jp-B Ah-X-c-nn-n-p-Xv Fn-cns, Bibw Adn-p-sImv
Jp-B HmXn-bmepw Cm-ev ]pWyw e`n-p-I-bn-. `pan-bpsS Bbpv \om\p GI amw Jp-Bs Bibw samw a\p-jyv FnpsImSp--emWv
Fv hnizm-kn-I ]d-bp-tm, apkvenw-I-fnse I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw Im^n-dp-Ifpw
tNmZn-p-Xv: "Fn-\mWXv? `pan-bpsS Ayw Amlp t\cs \n-bn-Xt, \n hnNm-cn-m AXn\v km[n-ptam, Cu Jp-Bs Bibw Cv \Sn-em-m Ign-bp-tam?' Fs-m-amWv. AYhm Jp-Bs\ Ch "auC-fv' Bbn
kzoI-cn-n-n-. Ch-tcmSv An-km-Av: 63mw kqw A\p-kcn-mWv adp-]Sn ]d-tb-Xv.
165.Ahsc Hman-n--s D]-tZ-i- Ah adp If--tm Xn
hntcm[npsmncp hn`m-Ks \mw csSpn, B{I-an-Is
- f AhcpsS Im]Syw ImcWw amcI-amb in-bm ]nSn-Iq-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Xn hntcm-[n-n-cp- aqm-as hn`m-Ks Amlq csSp-p-Ibpw
Xnsb a\-p-sImv shdp-pIt]mepw sNm-Xn-cp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb cmas hn`m-Ks amc-I-amb in ]nSn-Iq-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. _Jd: 99, AAvdm^v:
AAvdm^v (7)
65
166.X-tfmSv hntcm-[n-s
- IwXs XnI [nm-ct- mSpIqSn A\phn-p sImncp--tm \mw Ah-tcmSv ]d-p: \n ]Xn-Xcmb
Ipc-am-cm-bn-o-cpI.
Hm-as hn`m-K-amb Chsc Amlp Am-e-mpw ]nm-e-mpw
KpW-]mTw e`n-- hn[w a\p-jys Bm-hp--sXm-Sw icocw Ipc-amcp-tS-Xmn amn. An-km-Av: 47 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Cm-ev Jp-B\ns Bi-b-samw Adn-bp a\p-jy-n-im-Np--fmb I]S-hn-izmkn-I sXpsNbvXnv FmWv Ahsc ]qhnI kap-Zm-b-nse BfpIsftmse Ipc-amcpw ]n-I-fp-am-mXv FmWv tNmZy-sa-n AXn-\pcw, AXpt]m-ep in Fs kap-Zm-b-n C\n sFln-I-tem-Ipshp
\S-nem--cp-sXv, {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Amlp {]hm-N-Is\smv {]mnnv Dcw \In-bXpsImpw, As\bp cq]w amp in Chn-sSshvXs \S-m-n-bm temIw Ah-km-\n-p-I-bn F-Xp-sIm-p-am-Wv. amCZ: 60, ABw: 65 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Ay-\m-fns {][m-\-s ]v AS-bm-f--fn-sem-mb "ako-lp--m'
hcp-Xv hsc Fs kap-Zm-b-n Hcp hn`mKw kXyn \ne-sIm-p--hcmbn Dm-bn-cn-p-sapw Ah-cpsS i{Xp-v Ahsc Hpw sNm km[np-I-bn-spw \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. amCZ: 54 Iqn-hmbnp-I. ako-lp--m-ens
^nXv\ Cu hn`mKw hnizm-kn-ImWv A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-tn hcn-I. Jp-B\ns
Bibw AW-v D]-tbm-Knv ISnv ]nSnn-cn-p-I-bmWv Ahs ^nXv\sb AXnP-bn-m-\p GI am-sap \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v.Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n \nv
t]mb Fm apkvenw-Ifpw ako-lp--m-ens ^nXv\-bn AI-s-Sp--XmWv.
Ip^vdns\ ambnv Ifv, AW-bm t]mIp Ckvem-ans\ HpIpSn sXfn-bnv
ImWn-pXn\pw; apkvenw-I-fm If-hmn sXn--cn-n--s apl-Zv \_n
temIv samw Imcp-Wy-hm-\mWv Fv apkvenw-I-fm ap aX-v
]cnNbs-Sp-tXn\pw thn, Amlp Cukm \_nsb hopw sImp-h-cpXpam-Wv. Av `pan-bn kzKo-bm-h tZymXn-n-p hn[n Amlp
CjvS-s GI PohnX hyh--bmb Ckvem-anI hyh \S-n hcp-p--Xp-amWv.BenCwdm: 19 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. Cukm \_nv tijw hopw temIw
Ccp-fp-Ibpw ap AS-bm-f--sfmw {]Xy--s-Sp-Ibpw sNpw. \ In-phm\pw Xn hntcm-[n-p-hm\pw temI-smcp hn`m-Khp-an-msX Fm-hcpw sXmSnIfm-Ip-tmgmWv temIw Ah-km-\n-p-I-sbv AlvJm-^v: 35 ]d-n-p-v.
An-km-Av: 47,133,159, A-Bw: 158-159,164165 kq-f
- psS hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
167.\ns \mY {]Jym-]n-Xpw Hmt-Xm-Wv, Ah-cpsSta Ahsc
\njvTqc-ambn ]oV-\t- an-p P\-sf Ay-\mhtcpw Amlp
\ntbm-Kn-p-sIm-n-cn-pI Xs sNpw. \nbw \ns \mY,
innp--Xn hfsc thK-X-bp--h-\m-Ip-p, \nbw, Ah Gsd
66
JpB\ns Bmhv
s]mdp-p-- Imcp-Wy-hm\pw Xs-bm-Ipp.
Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I-fp-sS-ta \mw {K-n hn[n-n-pv Ah `qanbn cp-{]m-hiyw \miw hnX-p-sa-pw, hn [nmc\bw A\p-hn-psapw, Fv Ckvdm-Av: 4, ]d-n-p-v. Ckvdm-Avx 57,104 kq- Iqn-hmbn-p-I. amCZ: 64, PqXamn-S-bn i{Xp-Xbpw hntZz-jhpw Jznbm-ap\mfphsc \mw CpsImSpnps-pw, Ahn-S-bn Fm {]mh-iyhpw bp-ns
Xo In-p-tm Amlp AXv sISp-p-I-bp-m-bnsbpw, Ah `qan-bn
\mi-ap-m-p-hm HmSn \S-p--h-cm-sWpw ]d-n-p-v. amCZ: 78-80 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
1947 hsc PqXam temIv On-`n--ambn Ae-p-Xn-cnp \S-p-I-bmbn-cp-p. Ata-cn--bp-sSbpw {_n-s-bp-samw Fw_kn Poh-\-msc Xn-sIm-pt]m-bpw, Fw_-kn-I-fn t_mw_p kvt^mS\w \S-nbpw temIv Acm-P-IXzw
krjvSnv sImn-cp Ahv, KXy--c-an-msX Ata-cn--bpsSbpw, {_n-sbpw
t\Xr-Xz-n cmjv{Sw Dm-n-sIm-Sp-p-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. Fm Cv apkvenwI {Ks Ah-K-Wn-p-I-bpw, PqXamcpsS AtX Pohn-X-ssien ]np-S-cpIbpw sNp--Xn-\m AhmWv Fhn-sSbpw \ny-X; Ah-cmWv Fhn-sSbpw ap-h-cm ]oVn-n--s-Sp-Xv. PqXcpw apkvenw-Ifpw Xn- Ctm \S-p-sImn- c n- p Gpap- ens Ah- k m- \ - nemWv ako- l p- - m hcp- - X pw,
PqXamv temIp samw {]`mhhpw A[n-Im-chpw e`n-p--Xpw. ap\m-^nJp-I B ako-lp--m-ens\ klm-bn-p-IbmWv sNpI. Fm IqSp-X
Xma-kn-bmsX Cukm\_n hcn-I-bpw, ako-lp--men-s\bpw PqX t\Xm-amsc-bpsamw h[n-p-I-bpw, ]noSv hnizm-kn-I Cukm \_n-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-n
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf h[n-p-sImv An-km-Av: 91, Xu_: 123, Alvkm-_v: 61 kq-fpsS I]\ \S-n-em-p--Xp-am-Wv. _Jd: 113,135, amCZ: 98 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
168.\mw Ahsc `qan-bn \nc-h[n kap-Zm-b--fmbn On-`n--am-n. Ahcn k-\fpv, Ah-cn A-s\-b-m--h-cp-apv. \mw Ahsc
\-IsImpw XnIsImpw ]co-npsImn-cp-p--A-h PohnX-e-y-n-tev aSpXn\pthn.
]co--W- \Ip-Xv, a\pjy hop-hn-Nmcw Dmbn, Pohn-X-eyw
a\-n-emn kXy-amK-n-tev Xncnphcp--Xn\p thn-bm-Wv. Fmw Adnnv [n-cn-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmbngn-m, ]ns ]co--W-ap-m-hp-Ibn-, Ahsc Amlp h[n-n-cn--bm-Wv. ap\m-^n-Jq: 4 t\mp-I. _Jd: 28, 99,
amCZ: 5960, ABw:65, AAvdm^v: 95, 145 hni-Zo-IcWw t\m-p-I.
169. ]ns ]q Xe-ap-dI
- ptijw thZ-]p-kvXI
-
- ns Ah-Im-in-Ifmbnsmv sFln-I-t\-- hmcn-q-p-Ibpw \apv amv e`n-p-sav
AAvdm^v (7)
67
{]Xo-n-m-sa-v kzbw ]d-p-sIm-n-cn--p-Ibpw sNp-smcp Zpjn

]nX-e-apd Ah-cpsS ]nKm-an-I-fmbn hp. CtX-X-c-n-ep sFln-Ihn-`hwXs apn hm AXp-a-h hmcn-p-W-cpw. Am-lp-hns
ta kXy-a-m--sXmpw ]d-b-cp-sXpw {K-n-eqsS Ah-tcmSv
{]Xn hmp-Ibpw B {Kn-epXh kzbw hmbn--dn-bp-Ibpw
sNbvXn-n-t? ]c-temI `h\w Am-lp-hns\ kqnp Pohn-p--hv
am{Xw DIr-jvS-am-b-Xv Xs-bmIp-p. Atm \n _pn-bp-]-tbmKnv Nnn-p-n-tbm?
Jp-B t{ImUo-I-cn--s--Xn\v tijw {Kw Jp-Bam-{X-am-Wv. B
{Kw A\--cm-h-Im-i-sa-Sp apkvenwI Ime-{I-taW hyXn-N-env t]mIp-Ibpw
at-sXmcp kap-Zm-b-t-mfpw Ip-Ir-Xy--fn apnepw kI-fn ]nnep-am-sWv Jp-B\ns Bibw Xpem-kmbn D]tbmKs-Sp-p--hv a\-nem-Ipw. {]hm-N-I-m-cpsS t]cv sh-Xn-\mepw Jp-B HmXn-bXv sImpw Xv
GsXnepwhn[-n amv e`n-p-sa hymtam-l-n-e-I-s-n-cn-p-I-bm-W-h.
asm kap-Zm-bhpw Ah-cpsS {]hm-N-I-m-cpsS P-Zn-\-amWv sImm-Sp--sX-n
Cu sI-P-\X {]hm-N-Is Nc-a-Zn-\-amWv sImm-Sp--sX Xncn--dnhv t]mepw
Ahn-. bmko 70 Pohn-n-cn--p-sc ap-dn-bnv \Im-\mWv Jp-B
Ah-X-cn-n-np--sXv ]dn-p-s-nepw, Ahm-JnA: 82 ]d-Xv t]mse
Jp-B-\ns\ Xn--d-bpI FXv X-fpsS `-W-am-nbnp Ch I]\v hn]-co-X-am-bn-smv acn--h-sc-bmWv Jp-B HmXn-tn-p-Xv. Ch
ac-W-k-a-bv kz-n\v FXn-cm-bnv R Im^n-dm-bn-cpp Fv kmyw
hln-p-sav AAvdm^v; 37epw hn[n-Zn-hk
- \
- m-fn kmyw hln-p-sav ABw:
130epw ]d-n-p-v. Bep-Cw-dm: 79 {]Imcw {Kw ]Tn-n-p-X
- p-t]mse \mYs
kz`m-ha
- p-h
- c
- mbn amtd Chsc PpapA: 5 PqX-tcmSpw Igp-Xt- bmSpw AAvdm^v:
176 D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amw hcm ]n-tbmSpamWv D]-an-n-p--Xv.
{K-n Am-lp-hn-s-ta kXy-a-m-Xp ]d-b-cp-sXp Ah-tcmSp
{]Xn hmn-bn-nt Fp]d--Xns hnh-, {K-n tam-ns
Nov Hcp {]tXyI P\-k-ap-Zm-b-n\pam{Xw sImSp--Xmbn ]d-bp-n-, btYjvSw
Fpw {]hn-tm-fq, F-s\bpw amp-e-`n-p-sapw ]d-n-n-, t\sc adnp,
An-km-Av: 123124 ]d-bp-Xp C-s\-bm-Wv\n-fpsS hymtam-l--tfm, thZns Alvep-Im-cpsS hymtam-l
- tfm A\p-kc
- n-
- , Xn-sN-p-h
- c
- mtcm Ah\p
Ahs {]Xn-êw e`n-pw. Ah\p Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsX Hcp-kw-c--I-s\tbm,
klm-bntbm Fn-p-I-bpan-. k- sNp ]pcp-j-\m-I-s, kv{XobmIs Ah(-A-h) hnizm-kn-bp-am-sW-n, Ah-cmWv kzK-n {]th-in-n-s-Sp-I. Ah-tcmSv Xcnpw A\oXn ImWn--s-Sp-I-bp-an-. _Jd: 62 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I. Am-lp-hns t]cn kXy-hn-cp--ambn Hpw ]d-b-cp-sXp AhtcmSp Icmdp hmn-bncns, Amlp Hcn-epw ]d-bmImcyw Ah-t\mSp tNp
68
JpB\ns Bmhv
]d-bm Ahsp A[n-Im-camWp-Xv?. lv: 89 kq-fn, Am-lphns Imcy-n bmsXmcp Adnhpw kamKhpw shfnw \Ip {K-hp-anmsX Xn-p Nne P\--fn-ep-v, Ah ]wtNp Am-lp-hns amKn\nv P\-sf XS-bp-X
- m-Wv. Ahv Cl-n \ny-Xb
- m-Wp-X
- v, AyZn-\-n-tem, Ahs\ \mw Icn-p in cpNn-n-p--Xp-am-sWv ]d-n-p-v.
_Jd: 85 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. AAvdm^v: 2830 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
170.{Ks \-\n-ev apdpsInSn-p-Ibpw, \a-kvImcw apd{]Imcw \ne\np-Ibpw sNp-h
- c
- mcmtWm, \nbw Acw kpIr-Xn-If
- psS {]Xnêw Hcn-epw \mw ]mgmn If-bp-I-bn-.
Jp-B\ns\ apdpsInSn-p-I-bpw, Jp-B\ns Bibw \ne-\np-Xn\pthn \a-kvImcw apd {-- ]-Imcw \ne-\np-Ibpw sNp k\--fpsS
{]h\n\p {]Xn-êw Amlp Hcn-epw ]mgmnf-bp-I-bn-. Xzmlm:
14 t\mpI. AI-_q-v: 45, Amlp ]d-bp-p: {K-n Znhy-k-t--i-ambn
\n\v \In-bn-p-Xv Xnem-hv sNp-Ibpw \a-kvIc
- n-p-Ibpw sNp-I. \nbw,
kzoI-cn--s-Sp \a-kvImcw \oNhpw \ny-hp-amb {]h-\--sf-smv XSbpI Xs sNp-XmWv. k-{]-[m\w Am-lp-hns kvac-W-bp-m-p JpB-\ns Bibw Xs-bmWv. \n Dm-Zn-n-p--sXmw Amlp \mbn
Adn-bp--h-\m-Wv. ^mXzn: 29 - Amlp ]d-bp-p: \nbw Am-lp-hns
{Kw Xnem-hv sNp-Ibpw \a-kvImcw \ne-\np-Ibpw \mw Ahv \Inb-Xn \nv cl-ky-ambpw ]c-ky-ambpw sNe-h-gn-vsIm-n-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--hcp-tm Ah \jvS-s-Sm Hcp I-h-S-amWv {]Xo-n-p--Xv. apI-fn ]d
apv kp--fnepw asm e--fnepw BZyw Jp-B Xnem-hpw Jn-dm-A- ]ns \a-kvIm-c-hp-amWv In-n-p--Xv. Fm Cs apkvenwI
BenwCwdm: 10 s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n \_n ]Tn-n Im^ndpIfpw \cIns
hnd-Ip-Ifpw Bbn-nn-p--Xn-\m, Bmhv ]s-Sp-msX ico-cw-sImv am{Xap Ncym\akvImcn\mWv Jp-B Xnem-h-n-s\-m {][m\yw sImSp-p-Xv. _Jd: 44, Benw-Cw-dm: 78 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. A^m: 24, kpa:
17-18, 22-23, 32-34, 53-55, ^pzn-e-v: 40-44, kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Ben-Cwdm: 101, An-km-Av: 43, 103, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
Am-lpth Rsf kpIrXw {]hn-p--h-cn Bt-W-ta. Rsf
\o \mi-Im-cn-I-fn s]Sp-cptX.
171. \mw ]-Xs Cfn Ah-cpsS aosX Hcp IpS-sb-tmWw ]nSn-p-Ibpw, \nbw AXv Xp-ta ]Xn-p-sav Ah-v tXmpIbpw
sNbv X k`w Hmt- Xpam- W v . \mw \nv \In- b n- p
thZs apdpsInSn-p-hn, AXnep-Xns\ \n lrZbwsImv
kvacn-p-Ibpw sNp-hn. \n kqv-a-X-bp--hcmbn-cn-pIXs
thW-sa--Xn\p thn.
AAvdm^v (7)
69
_Jd: 2, 63, AAvdm^v: 2 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.

172.\ns \mY BZw k- m \fpsS apXp- I p- I - f n\nv Ah- c psS
kXn]c--c-Isf ]pd-s-Sp-p-I-bpw, Ahsc AhcpsSta kzbw
kmn-bm-p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sImv Icm hmn-b k`w HmtXmWv. Rm\-stbm \n-fpsS dv Fp -tNm-Zn--tm Ah ]d-p:
AsX; R kmyw hln-p-p. C\n Ay-\m-fn \nbw,
R Cu DS--Snsbpdnv {]-b--h-cm-bn-cpp Fv \n ]dbm-Xn-cn-m thn-bmWnXv hmn-bn-p--Xv.
173.As-n \n Cs\ ]d-bm-Xn-cn-p-hm thn--\n-bw RfpsS ]q- ] n- X m- am apv inv sNbvXp, R
Ahptijap k-Xn-I-ftmAtm B anYym-hmZn-I sNbvX
Ip-n\v Rsf \o \inn-p-IbmtWm?
174.A{]-Imcw \mw \psS kq- hy-ambn hni-Zo-I-cnp sImSppI-bm-IppA-h Pohn-X-e-y-n-tev Xncnp hcp--Xn-\p-th-n.
Fm- h - s cbpw Bm- h ns\ kzK- n- e mWv krjv S n- - X v . BZ- a ns\
krjv S ntm Xs Ay- \ mhsc- b p apgp- h a\p- j yscbpw Htc
Bmhn\nv Amlp krjvSn-p _Jd: 28, Ankm-Av: 1 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI. C^n-Xzm: 68 kq--fn Amlp ]d-bpp: Hm a\p-jym, \ns
krn-v,kp-e-\-s-Spn GXv cq]-nepw BIr-Xn-bnepw Ah Dt-in--hw
\ns L-Sn-nv Fn--W-m-nb DZm-c-\mb \ns DS-a-bpsS Imcy-n \ns
hnp If-Xv FmWv? ]ns Ahsc Ay-\mhsc-bp BZw km-\-fpsS (]p-cp-jam-cp-sS) apXp-In Hmtcm-cp--cnepw Fn--W-mn \nt]n- p. BZ- a ns apXp- I n\nv Fp- ] - d - b msX BZw kXn- I - f psS apXpIpIfn\nv FmWv ]d-n-p-sXp {]XyIw {in-p-I. As\ Ah-scsbmw \nn Hmtcm-cp-t- cmSpw {]tXyIw "Rm\-stbm \ns DS-ab
- mb \mY'
{kjvSm-hv, cn-Xm-hv, acn-n-m\pw \ne-\nm-\p-ap A[n-Imcn Fp tNmZnp-I-bpw, Fm Hmtcm-cp-cpw "AsX \mYm, R kmyw hln-pp'
Fv adp-]Sn ]dv kzbw kmyw hln-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. CXn\p D-S--Sn Fp]-d-bp-p. Hmtcm-cp--tcmSpw Cu kmyw hmn-b-Xv, C\n Fm-h-scbpw Hcp-anp-Iq-p Ay-\m-fn Bcpw Xs R AXns\smv {]m-iq-\y-cm-bncppt_m-[-an-m--h-cm-bn-cp-pFp-]-d-bm-Xn-cn-m-\m-Wv. As-n ]nXmamsc ]gn-Nmcn Hgn-Ig- nhp ]dv c-s-Sm- km[n-mXncn-m-\p-am-Wv FmWv
]d-bp--Xv. AYhm Hmtcm-cp-cpw H-sm--m-bn-mWv {kjvSm-hns apn
Dcw ]d-tb-n-h-cnI. _Jd: 27, Ben-Cw-dm: 90-91, amCZ: 48, ABw: 94,111
hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
bmko: 59-, hn[n-Zn-hkw ]d-bp-X
- m-Wv: {`mam-tc, \n amdn-\npI.
70
JpB\ns Bmhv
60, Hm BZw kXn-Itf, \ntfmSv ]nimNn\p-thn Pohn--cp-sXp DS-Sn
sNbvXn-cp-ntsbpw, \nbw Ah \np hy-amb i{Xp-hm-sWpw
]d-n-cp-n-t? 61 \n F\n-p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p-I, AXmWv t\scsNm-s-bp amKw Fv ]d-n-p-v. AhnsS ]nimNn\p-thn Pohn--cpsX DS- Sn sNbv X n- c p- nt Fp tNmZn- Xv As\ Hcp DS- Sn
sNbvXXpsIm-, adnp ChnsS ]d DS-Sn ]men-msX Pohn-p--hscmw
]nimNn\p-thn Pohn-p Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-If
- m-Ip-p F-XpsImm-Wv. Fm
Hmtcm Bbn-cnepw sXmm-bn-cn sXmpn HXns\ Ah ]mn-em-psav
An-km-Av: 118 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ]d-n-p-v. ^mnl: 4 t\mp-I.
Xs hgn-tI-Sn\v Hcmpw asm-cmsf Ipw ]dv c-s-Sm km[n-pI-bn-s-mWv Amlp kq-n ]Tn-n-p--Xv. amXm-]n-Xm-sf Ipw ]dv
csSm km[y-a-sv Chn-sSbpw, ]nim-Nns\ Ipw ]d-v c-s-Sm km[np-I-bn-sv C{_mlow: 22epw, ]WvUn-Xam-sctbm t\Xm--sftbm amlm-m-sftbm atm Ipw ]dv c-s-Sm km[n-p-I-bn-sv _Jd: 166167 epw
]d-n-p-v. \njv]--hm-\mb Amlp, Fm-hpw kzK-n-te-p hgnbpw
\c-I-n-te-p hgn-Ifpw kzK-n shv Xs-]-Tn-n-n-p--Xn-\m Ahs\bpw IpsSp-m km[y-as
- v Benw-Cw-dm: 30s hni-Zo-Ic
- W
- n hmbnp-I. AAvdm^v: 3738, 150 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Ign-p-t]m-bXpw hcm t]mIp--Xp-amb Cu hkvXp-X-I-sfmw DWp-Xm-bXvsImmWv Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\p "-AnIv' Fp t]cp-h--Xv.
Cs\ kq- hnh-cn-p-Xv a\p-jy Ah-cpsS bYm DS-a-bn-tepw,
DS-a-bp-ambn sNbvX DS--Sn-bn-tepw Pohn-X-e-y-n-tepw, AXp-hgn kzKn-tev Xsbpw Xncnphcp--Xn-\p-am-sW-mWp Amlp Adn-bn-p--Xv.
Fm Cu hkvXpX kzoI-cn-p--h hnizm-kn-I am{X-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-mWv
Ahsmcp ZpcnXw As-n acWw kw`-hn-m, R Xs Am-lphn\np h-h-cpw, Ah-\n-tepXs Xncnp t]mtI--h-cp-atm Fp
a\m]dpsImv a ssIsIm-p--Xv. _Jd: 156157, Ben-Cw-dm: 102,
An-km-Av: 136, ABw: 90, AAvdm^v: 168 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
175.\psS kq- \In-bn-p Hcp-hs A-h- Ahsmp
hnh-cn-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp-I. Fm Ah AXn\npw Ducn
Hgn-p-amdn, Atm ]nimNv Ahs\ ]n]-n. As\ Ah eyt_m[w \jvSs ZpamKn-Ifn s]-h-\mbn amdn.
Jp-B\ns Bibw Adn-nv kzbw ]n]-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw, ap--hXp
]Tn-np sImSp-msX aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw sNp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-bmb ]WvUnXs\pdn-mWp Cu kq-n ]cm-ain-p--Xv. A-Bw: 112 ]d a\pjy-n-im-Nm-W-h.. ^pzn-ev: 26- Ccw Im^n-dp-I km[m-cW P\--tfmSv
Cu Jp-B \n tI-cp-Xv. \n AXn-P-bn-p--Xn-\p-thn A]-i_vZw
AAvdm^v (7)
71
Dm-p-I Fpw 28 \psS kq-tfmSv hntcm[w shv Xn-p-sIm-ncn-p Ccw Am-lp-hns i{Xp-v {]Xn-^-e-ambn imiz-X-amb \c-I-hoSm-Wp-Xv Fpw ]d-n-p-v. Chsc ]n]-nb ^pzn-ev: 29 ]d Im^ndp-I; \msf hn[n-Zn-hk\mfn X-fpsS ssIISnv: Hm IjvSw, Rm C-bmsf
an{Xambn kzoI- c n- n- c pns- n F{X- \- m- b n- c p- t - s \, Ah- \ m- W tm
JpB\ns Bib-n \np F\n-Xv hp-In-n-b-Xn-\p-tijw Fs XS-Xv. ]nimNv a\p-jy\v alm h-I Xsbmbn-cp-tm Fv hne]np cwKw
^pJm: 29 ap-dn-bnv \Inbn-p-v. _Jd: 166-167 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. JpB\ns Bi-bs Ah-K-Wnp AIp t]mbm Ah-s\-sbmcp ]nim-Nn\p
Gn-p-sIm-Sp-p-sav kpJvdp-^v: 36epw ]d-n-p-v. Ccw ]n-im-Np- _m[n,
ap--hsc Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n \nv XS-bp, I]-S-hn-izmknIv \msf
]c-tem-Iv hcmt]m-Ip Ah apPm-Zne: 1819 Cs\ hnh-cn-n-p-v.
Fm- h - s cbpw Hcp- a nv Iqp- \m- f n, Ah Nne kXy- n- e m- s Wv IWvIqnsmv \n-tfmSv BW-bnp ]d-n-cp--Xvt]mse Am-lp-hnt\mSv BWbnv ]d-bp--XmWv, (Jp-B Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX HmXn-bmepw ]pWy-apv Fv Cv
P\-t- fm-Spw, Rm Jp-B Bibw ]Tn-t-X
- n Fv ]d-n-n-t- m, \n
Jp-B-\p-ambn IqSp-X ASp-p--Xn-\p-thn Jp-B HmXpI, AXn\p ]pWyapv Fm-Wtm ]d-n-cp-Xv Fv ]c-tem-Ipshp Am-lp-hn-t\mSpw ]dbp--Xm-Wv.) Adn-n-cn-pI \nbw AhXs-bmWv \pW-]-d-bp--h. ]nimNv
Ahsc ]mn-em-p-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. Atm Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-w Ah hnkvacn-p. Ah-cm-Ipp ]nimNns kwLw, Adn-n-cn-pI \n-bw, ]nimNns
kwLwXs-bmWv \jvS-s-Sp-I. _Jd: 67, 99, An-km-Av: 140-145, amCZ: 90-91
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
176. \mw Dt-in-n-cp-s-n Ahs\ B Ah--bn\nv Dbp-am-bn-cpp. ]t Ah `qanbnte- s mnf- b p- I bpw, Ahs tZtlsbs ]n]- p- I bpw sNbvXp. Atm Ahs D]a
\mbsbtmse- b m- W v . \ob- X ns\ t{Zmln- mepw InXp \mp
\onsmn-cn-pw, shdpsX hnmepw InXp \mp \on-sm-n-cnpw. AXm-Ipp \psS kq-sf Xn--dp If-hm-p P\-XbpsS D]-a. AXp-sImv \o hgn-p-h-gn-bmbn Ccw kq- Ahsc
tIn-p-I, Ah Btem-Nn-v {]Xn-ênnp-hcm-Ip--Xn\pthn.
Jp-B\ns Bi-b-samw Inn-bnv AXn\p hncp--ambn, tZtl---Sn-a-sp
ùXnI PohnXns Ae-mcw am{Xw eywshp Pohn-p ]WvUn-X-s\bmWv Cu kq-n D]-{Z-hn-mepw D]-{Z-hn-n-s-nepw amwhcm \mb-tbmSv
D]-an-n-p--Xv. JpB kq- Inn-bnv AXp a\-n-em-m\pw D]-tbm-Ks-Sp-m\pw {ian-m apkvenw P\-Xsbbpw \mb-tbmSv Xs-bmWv D]-an-n-p-Xv. \mb-sb Fdn-mepw AsXmcp Fn IjvW-am-sWp IcpXn ISn-p-t\mpw]n-sbpw Bn]qv `qan-bn \S-p-Ibpw sNpw. ]ns \mb-bpsS
72
JpB\ns Bmhv
asm- c m- h iyw ssewKnImkn ]qo- I - c - W - a m- W v . AXv Fns\bpw
]qoIcnp kz`m-hwXsbmWv Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb ]n-Xamcn-epXv.
Jp-B-\n kqd: Ilv^n Kplm-hm-kn-I-fpsS \mbsbpdnv ]d-n-p-v.
AhnsS \mbsb {]iwkm-]p-ambmWv ]cm-ain-n-p--Xv. \mbm-n-\p-]-tbm-Knp \mb-sbbpw Imh \np- \mb-sbbpw t]meo-kns\ klm-bn-p
\mb-sbbpsamw \nIr-jvS-Po-hn-bm-bn- ]cn-K-Wn--s-Sp--Xv. Fm ChnsS
]cm-ain-p \mb D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw bmsXmcp amhpw hcm, bmsXmcp
D]-Im-c-hp-an-m, D]-{Zhw am{Xw Dm-p a\p-jy-sc-p-dn-mWv. _Jd: 6-7
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Cl-n-ep \mb, ]n, s]cp-mgn, IgpX XpS-nb
Fm Pohn-I-sfbpw ]p\P--\m-fn ]p\kr-jvSnv hnNm-c-Wv tijw amn
op-Ib
- mWv sNp-I. Fm Pnp-If
- n \npw a\pjy-cn \np-ap Ccw
Im^n-dp-Isf ]nim-Nns hoSmb \c-I-n \mb, ]n, s]cp-mgn, ]mv, tX
Fn-h-bpsS cq]-n ]p\kr-jvSn-p--Xm-Wv. _Jd: 66, amCZ: 60 t\mp-I.
PpapA: 5, Am-lp-hns kq-sf Xn--d-bp-, If-hm-p P\Xsb Igp-X-tbm-Spw, PqX-tcmSpw D]-an-n-p-v. Ccw A{I-an-Ifmb Hcp P\-Xsb
Amlp kamK-n-tev \bn-p-I-bnm Fp-]-dpsImmWv kqw Ahkm-\n-p--Xv. kPZ: 22, X-fpsS \mYs kq- lrZ-b-ns `mjbn ]d-p-sIm-Sp-np ]ns AXns\ Ah-K-Wnp t]mb-h-s\-m Ghpw
henb A{I-an-bm-cm-Wp-sX-pw, Ccw {`mam-tcmSv \mw {]Xn-Imcw sNpsapw ]d-n-p-v. A-Pvav: 29- Amlp ]d-bpp: Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-ssmv ]nn-cn--hsc \o Ah-K-Wn-p-I. Ah Zp\n-bmhv am{X-a-msX Dt-inp-n-. AXmWv Ah-s-b-Sp- BsI-bp Adn-hv. \n-bw, \ns \mY
Ahs amK-n\nv hyXn-N-en--h Bcm-sW-pw, BcmWv kamK-n-ep-sXpw Ghpw Adn-bp--h\tm.
dAvZv: 27 Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm I]npp: \nbw Amlp
Ah-\p-t-in-p--hsc hgn-]n-g-n-p-p, Ah-\n-tev Xncn-phv Ah-t\mSv
kamKw tNmZn-p--hsc kamK-n-te-m-p-Ibpw sNp-p. C_vdm-low:
23, Ccw \ntj-[n-Iv \c-I-nse AXn-I-Tn-\-amb "ssh' F sNcphv
in-bmbn e`n-p-sav ]d-n-p-v. Ah ]c-tem-I-tm Cl-tem-Is
C-s-Sp--h-cpw, Am-lp-hns amK-n\nv kzsbpw P\-tfbpw XSbp--h-cpw, AXns\ h{Io-I-cn-p--h-cp-am-Wv. Aq- AXnhn-Zq-c-amb hgn-tI-Snem-sWv ]d-n-pv. AAvdm^v: 4445 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Alv: 105107 Amlp ]d-bpp: \n-b-w Am-lp-hnsta Iw-sI-n--av ]d-bp-h Jp-B kq--fn hniz-kn-mh-cm-Ip-p. Aq- Ifhv ]d-bp--h
Xs-bm-Ipp. Xs hnizm-k-n-\p-tijw BcmtWm Am-lp-hn-s\-smv
\ntj-[n-p-Xv\n_-n-Xm-h--bnsemgnsI, Ahs lrZbw hnizm-kw sImv
kwXr-]vX-amb Ah--bnep-am-WvFm BcpsS s\p-I-fmtWm \ntj-[w
AAvdm^v (7)
73
sImv hnim-e-ambXv, Atm Ah-cp-sS-taemWv Am-lp-hn \np tIm]apXv, Ahv hn in-bpamWp--Xv. AXn\p ImcWw Ah ]c-tem-It-m Cl-tem-I-n\v apK-W\ sImSp--Xm-Wv. \n-bw, Ccw Im^n-dpI-fmb Hcp P\-Xsb Amlp kamK-n-em-p-I-bpan. am-CZ: 51,67 Iqn-hm-bnp-I. Xu_: 23 Amlp ]d-bpp: Hm,hnizm-kn-Itf, \n \n-fpsS ]nXm-sfbpw ktlm-Z-c--sfbpw Ah hnizm-k-n-\p-ta \ntj[w CjvS-s-Sp-h- c m- s W- n kwc- - I cpw an{X- - f p- a mbn sXc- s - S p- - c p- X v . \nfn
Bscnepw Ahsc sXc-s-Sp-m Atm Ap- Xs-bm-Ipp A{I-anI. _Jd: 254, A-Bw: 25,45, AAvdm^v: 40-41 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
^pJm: 18 {]Imcw hn[n-Zn-hkw Fm-h-tcbpw Hcp-anv Iqp \mfn,
Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsX Ch hnfnv {]mn-n-cp alm-m--tfmSv:v \n-fmtWm
Chsc hgn-]n-g-n-Xv AtXm Ah kzbw hgn-]n-g--XmtWm Fv tNmZn-p-tm
\o ]cn-ip-, \ns IqSmsX Rv asm-cmsf kwc--I-cmbn sXc-s-Sp tbmPn--Xm-bn-cp-n-. Fm \o Chpw Ch-cpsS ]nXm-pw karn-bmbn `-W-hn-`-h- \In. As\ Jp-B-\ns Bibw adv Pohn
Hcp sI-P-\X Xs-bm-bn-cpp Ch. Fv adp-]Sn ]d-bp--Xm-Wv. ^pJm:
30, \_n Jp-B\pw sImp-hv Fs Cu P\-X, Cu Jp-B\n\nv Hfntm-Sn-tm-b-XmWv Chp h ZpK-Xn-sbv A\ymbw t_m[n-n-p-sap apdn-bnv \Inbnp-v. apl-Zv \_n-bpsS D-n(k-ap-Zm-bw) Fm a\p-jycpw
Ds-Sp-sa-n Juan (P-\-X-bn) apkvenw-I am{X-amWv Ds-Sp-I. AAvdm^v:
157-158 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I. liv: 21mw kqw Ah-km-\n-p-Xpw "Ah
Btem-Nn-v {]Xn^-ennp-hcm-IpXn\v thn' F Bi-b-tmSpIqSn-bmWv. Btem-Nnv {]Xn^-en-n-pI Fp-]d
-
X
- ns hnh-, Jp-B\
- ns Bibw
Ah-K-Wn-m-ep A\--c-êw Btem-Nnv ap--hsc DWp-Ibpw AXv tIh tI-h ap--hcntev Adn-bn-pIbpw As\ Jp-B Xv FXncmbn hmZnpIbpw kmn-\np-Ibpw sNp Ah amn, Xv A\pIq-e-ambn hmZn-p-Ibpw kmn-\np-Ibpw sNp Ahbmn amp--Xn-\pth-n-sb-mWv. _Jd: 176, An-km-Av: 63, 91, AAvdm^v: 1,146147 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
177. \psS kq-sf Xn--dp If-hm-nb P\-ns D]a hfsc
Zpjn-XpXs. Ah Ah-tcmSp Xs A{Iaw {]hn-p-sIm-n-cnpIbpam-Ip-p.
Jp-B sXmp-I-gn-m ]ns AXns\ Pohn-n-n-n-s-n B JpB Ah-s\-Xn-cmbn kmyw hln-p-Ibpw hmZn-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. `qan
AXns kp-e-\-n \ne-\nm\pw, c-sm-cn-nepw apw Cm-Xmn kam[m\ PohnXw temIv \S-n hcpphm-\p-ap D]-I-c-W-amWv Jp-B\ns
Bi-bsa-n-cns, AXv kzbw Xnm-sXbpw ap--hsc Xom-sX-bp-an-cp-m-ep
74
JpB\ns Bmhv
`hnjyv Cl-n \ny-Xbpw ]c-n AXn-I-Tn-\-amb in-bp-am-Wv. _Jd:
39, 85, 159, ABw: 26,AAvdm^v: 160 t\mpI.
178.BscbmtWm Amlp kamKn- e m- n- b - X v , Atm Ah
kamK-n-em-bn. Bsc-bmtWm Amlp hgn-]n-g-n--Xv, Atm
Aq- Xs-bm-Ipp Fmw \jvSs-h.
Adqw: 29 Amlp hgn-]n-g-n Hcmsf B-cmWv kamKn-em-m-\p-Xv Fv Amlp tNmZnpp. kpa: 3637 Bsc-bmtWm Amlp hgn-tISn-em-n-bX,v Atm Ah\v amK-Z-i\w \Ip--h-cm-cp-an-, Bsc-bmtWm
Amlp amKZi\w \In-bXv Ahs\ hgn-tISn-em-p-h
- cpw Bcp-an-. Atm
amK-Zi\w \IpXpw hgn-tISn-em-p--Xpsamw Am-lp-hmWv, \bpw
Xnbpamb Fm Imcy-fpw Am-lp-hn\n-m-W-v, kzKhpw \c-Ihpw \n-bnp-Xpw Ah Xs. \apv AXn-sempw bmsXmcp ]p-an- FmWv Ccw
kq-- Nqn-m-Wnv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I km[m-c-W-msc ]Tn-n-p-Xv.
Fm Alv: 37 Amlp ]d-bpp: \o Ah-cpsS kamK-n-\p-thn
F{X-Xs ]cn-{i-an-mepw icn, BcmtWm "Ahsc kzbw' hgn-]n-g-n-Xv Ahsc
Amlp kamK- n- e m- p- I - b n- - X s, Ahv klm- b n- I - f mbn Bcpw
Xsbpm-Ip-Ibpan-. \njv]--hm-\mb ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I Hmtcm Bm-hn\pw
kamKhpw ZpamKhpw kzK-n krjv-Sn--tm Xs \In-bn-p-sv
Aw-kv: 8, _e-Zv: 10, Ckm: 3 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 28 hni-Zo-IcWw Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. a-\p-jy-scbpw Pnp-I-sfbpw kamKhpw ZpamKhpw sXcs-Sp-m-\p kzmX{y-tmSv IqSnbmWv krj-Sn-nnn-p--Xv. C_vdm-low:
1mw kq-a-\p-k-cnp Hmtcm-cp-cpw kamKw Ah-cpsS DS-a-tbmSp tNmZnp
hm-Ww. AYhm Ftmgpw Amlv Fp kvac-W-bn Am-lp-hns\ B{ibn-p-sImv Ncn--Ww. _Jd: 213 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
\ Am-lp-hn \npw Xn \nn \np-amWv Fv AnkmAv: 79
]d-n-p-v. kzX-{-\mb a\p-jys\ `qan-bn-tev Ab-n-p-Xv ]co-n-m
thn-bm-Wv. amCZ: 94 t\mp-I. kzKhpw \c-Ihpw Ah-c-h km-Znp-XmWv. Ben-Cw-dm: 136, 182,1 85 t\mp-I. _Jd: 121, 152, am-CZ: 48, ABw: 157 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Ckvdm-Av: 67 Amlp ]d-bpp: a\pjy \n-sIh Xs-bm-Ip-p.
Cu kqw kXy-s-Sp-p-amdv a\p-jy Ahs Pohn-X-eyw advsImv ]dbpIbmWv: \psS `mK-t[bw \nbn-p--Xv Amlp am{X-am-Wv. AXn \apv
bmsXmcp ]p-an- Fv. Fm ùXnI Pohn-X-n Hcp DtZymKw t\Sp--Xn\v
[mcmfw A[zm\w, tiw, k-v, ka-bw, kzm[o\w Fmw hn\n-tbm-Kn-m
Ah Xm-dm-Ip-p. F-msX tPmen \Ip-Xv km-cm-Wtm Fv IcpXn
ssIpw sIn Ccn-p-n. Ah AXn-\m-h-iy-amb hnZym-`ymktbmKyX t\Spp. AXn\v Xka-bv Xev th-co-Xn-bn At] \Ip-p.- Npcp-
AAvdm^v (7)
75
-n AXn-\p-th FmImcy-fpw Ah sNp-p-sh-n, imiz-X-Po-hnX

hnP-b-n\v thn kzbw ]cn-{i-anv AXv t\Sn-sb-Sp-p--Xn\p ]Icw; Am-lpImcp-Wy-hm-\m-Wtm! Ah \Ip--sX-mtWm AXv \Is Fv ]dv
Cc--mv ImWn-p-I-bmWv sNp--Xv. CXv Xs-bmWv I]-S-hn-izmkw! C-cm Am-lp-hns dlvam \njv]--hm F KpW-hn-ti-j-W-s- \ntj[n-p-I-bmWv. _Jd: 200202 Ccw a\p-jyscpdnv ]cm-ain-Xv hmbnpI. AAvdm^v: 150-151 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
179.\nbw Pnp-Ifn\npw a\p-jycn\npw A[n-I-t]scsmv \cI-Ip-WvTw \mw Ipn-\n-d-pI Xs sNpw. Ahv lrZ-b--fp-v,
AXp-sImv PohnXey-w {Kln-p-I-bn-, Ahv Ip-I-fp-v, AXpsImv DmgvN ImWp-I-bn-, Ahv sNhn-I-fp-v, AXp-sImv
tIp-Ib
- n-. Aq- Ip-Im-en-Isftmse-bm-Wv- A
-
- ;- A
- h
- s
- b-m
hgn-]n-g--h-cm-Wv. Aq- Xs-bmWv {]-b--h.
An-km-Av: 118 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mp-I. Pnp-Is
- fbpw a\p-jy-scbpw krjvSnXpXs \c- I - n- e n- S m thn- b m- s W CXns Bi- b w. adnv
AAvdm^v:26 ]d Bm-hns `-Whpw hkv{X-hp-amb Jp-B\
- ns Bibw
hv Inn-bnv AXv aqSn-shv Pohn Im^n-dp-Ifpw Ip-I-fp-amWv \c-I-nse hndIv
Fv _Jd: 24, 39, Ben-Cw-dm: 10, amCZ: 10 XpS-nb kq--fn-semw ]d-np-v. Fm a\p-jypw Hcp Pnp-Iq-p-Im-c-\p-v. B Pnp-Iq-p-Im-cs\ hnizmkn-bm-n-bm am{Xta a\p-jy\pw Ah\pw kzKn t]mIm km[n-p-I-bpq (kpKvdp-^v: 3638, liv: 16-17, Jm^v: 27-29 kq-- t\mp-I). AXn-\p
GI acpv Jp-B-\ns samw Bi-b-am-Wv. ABw: 90 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
\c-I-n \nd--s-Sp a\p-jyv lrZ-b-fpv, AXp-sImv Ah
{Kln-p-I-bn FmWv ]d-Xv. ap Poh-Pm-e-sftmse lrZ-bhpw, Ah-nm _pn-i-nbpw a\p-jy\p \In-bn-pv, Fm Ah Nnn-p-I-bn-msbp ]d-bmsX lrZbwsImv {Kln-p-I-bnm Fp-]-d-XpsImv Pohn-XamKspdn-tm, hnhmlsp-dntm ùXnI t\-sfpdntm, m\-am\- t\Sp--Xns\pdn-tm, m\-am-\- \ne-\np--Xns\pdntm Hpw
Nnn-pIbn-m-sb-adnv, Pohn-X-eyspdnv a\-n-em-p-I-bn-, ChnSs PohnXw ]c-tem-I-t-p Irjn-bn-S-ambn a\-n-em-p-I-bn- Fm-Wv.
Jp-B\ns Bibw lrZbwsImv a\-n-em-m-\mWv Ffp--am-n-bn-p--sXv
Ja: 17 ]d-bp-p. Fm AXn-s\mpw Xm-dm-hmsX ùXnI Pohn-X-Kp-Wn\pthn, AYhm Zp\n-bm-hns ]n-bm-Ip--Xn\pthn FmXcw hnZym-`ymkhpw, tPmenbpw Ah t\Spw. kzKw Ic--am-p-Xn\p thn-bp-, kzK-ntep Sn-mb Jp-B\ns Bibw a\-n-em-mt\m ]n]-mt\m Ah
{ian-p-I-bn-. [rXn-m-c-\m-b Ah, Jp-B ]d-bp `mhn-{]-h-N-\- ac-
76
JpB\ns Bmhv
W-n-\p-tijw e`n-m-\p--X-t, AXp-hsc an-n-cn-m Xm-d-m Ah\v
Chn-S-s thK-n Fm Bi-Ifpw ]qo-I-cn--s-S-Ww. AXmWv kqw
176 Ah `qan-bn Hn-n-Snp Fp-]-d--Xv. A-Bw: 25, 65, AAvdm^v: 53
Ahv IpI-fpv, AXp-sImv ImWp-I-bn-m-sbv ]d-bmsX DmgvN
ImWp-I-bn-m-sbv ]d--Xns hnh-, Ah Ip-IsImv _kzm-C-dmb
Jp-B\ns Bibw ImWp-I-bn Fm-Wv. Ilv^v: 100-101 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. (ABw: 104 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I).
Ahv sNhn-I-fpv AXp-sImv tIp-I-bn-sp ]d--Xns hnh, Ah Jp-B\ns Bibw tIp-I-bn Fm-Wv. ^pJm: 43-44
Amlp tNmZn-pp: Xs tZtl-sb Cem-lmbn sXsc-s-Sp--hs\ \o
Ipthm? Atm \o Ah-cpsS Imcy- t\mp--h-\mtWm? Ccw \ntj[n-Ifn A[n-I-t]cpw tIp-Ibpw Nnn-p-Ibpw sNp-sav \o IWpIqppthm? \nbw, Ah Ip-Im-en-Is
- f-tm-se-b
- msXb. A; AhcmWv Ghpw
hgn-]n-g--h. (Pmknb: 23 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I). _Jd: 171, An-km-Av: 140, ABw:
36-38 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Kzmho(e-y-t_m[w \jvS-s--h) Kzm^n-eo(-{]--b--h): e-yt_m[w \jvS-s--h Fv ]d-m DWn-bm DW-cm, Amlp sImv
If I]-S-hn-izm-knIfm-Wv. Ah hnNm-c-W-bn-msX \c-I-n t]mIp--hcpam-Wv. An-km-Av: 145 t\mp-I. -{]--b--h I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf A-ambn A\pI-cn-p-- ^mPn-dp-Ifm-Wv. Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw-sImv DWn-bm Ah
DWtpw, Fm Jp-B-\ns Bi-bwsImv DWn-bm DW-cm
Kzm^n-eo- hnNm-c-Wv tijw \c-I-n t]mIp--hcm-Wv. Alv: 108
]d Kzm^n-eo-, Amlp AhcpsS lrZ-b-pw tIhn-Ipw ImgvNIpw ap{Z-sh-n-cn-pp Fv ]d-Xn\m Kzmho-fmb ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fm-Wv.
Xzmlm: 121- BZw Xs dns\ [n-cnp, As\ Kzmho-\mbn Fv ]d-np-v. Fm apl-Zv \_n Jp-B Inp--Xn\p apv Kzm^n-eo--fns-h-\mbn-cpp FmWv bpkp^v: 3- ]d-n-p--Xv. BZw kzK-nshv Jp-B
]Tn-ns DSs\, Ipw sNm Ah-kcw Cm kzK-nshv [n-mcw
{]hn-Xv sImmWv Kzmhn-\m-bXv. Fm apl-Zv \_n Ime Ipsd
Ign--tijw A-Im-c-n-em-p-In-S Hcp {]tZ-i-mWv hcpXv. AXp-sImmWv apl-Zv \_nsb Kzm^n-em-sWv ]d--Xv. PqXam thZw e`n-npw
ASn-Sn [nmcw {]hn-p-sIm-n-cphcm-b-Xn-\m Ah Kzmho-fpw am
apivcnp-I thZw e`n-m-Xv ImcWw Kzm^n-eo--fp-am-bn-cp-p. (bmko: 6
t\mp-I.) AXp-t]me Jp-B auC-fmbn D]-bm-K-s-Sp-phv, Cp
apkvenw-I Kzmho-fpw ap aX-kvY thZw e`n-m Kzm^n-eo--fp-am-Wv Fv
a\-n-emmw. AXp-sImv Xs Xmc-X-tay\ Aapkvenw-I-sfbm-Wv apkvenw-I-sfm Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw-sImv Cv DWm km[n-p-I. _Jd: 166167
AAvdm^v (7)
77
Am-lpth Rsf \o ey-t_m[w \jvS-s--hcpw {]-b--hcpw Bcp-tX. Rsf \o Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]n]-t--hn[w ]n]-p--hcpw Jp-B\ns Bi-bw-sImv apI-S--h-tcm-sSmhpw hnP-bn-I-tfm-sSm-hpw kzK-n
{]th-in-p--h-cm-t-W-ta.
180.Ghpw \-t]-cpI-sfmw Am-lp-hn-\p--Xm-Ip-p. Atm \n
Ahs\ B \ma-sImv hnfn-p-I. Ahs \ma-f
- n\nv sXnp
If-bp--hscbpw, Ahs \maw CX-camv \Ip--h-scbpw \n
shSn-bp-Ibpw sNp-I. Acm {]hn--Xn-\p {]Xn-êw \mw
Ahv \IpI Xs sNpw.
Jp-B ]Tn-n Am-lp-hns \ma--fmWv "Akvam-D lpkv\m'F
DIrjvS \ma-. Ckvdm-Av: 110mw kq-n Amlp ]d-bp-p: \n
Amlv Ftm dlvam Ftm hnfnp {]mn-p-I. \n Fs\ hnfnmepw, Ghpw \-t]-cpI-sfmw Am-lp-hn-p--Xm-Ipp Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
liv: 24, Amlp ]d-bp-p: Ah-\mWv Amlp, {kjvSmhv -B-m-hns\
krjvSn-h
- , ]S-h
- i-co-cs krjvSn-h
- , kp-en-Xs
- -Sp-n-bh
- Bmhn-s\bpw ico-c-sbpw kwtbm-Pn-n--h; Ghpw \-t]-cpI-sfmw Ah\p-XmIpp. Ah tNmZyw sN-s-Sm AP-\pw XXz--\mb bpn--\p-atm. hogm t]mIp-tm-gpw, B]p L-f
- nepw Amlphns\ "Amlv' Ftm
Ahs DIrjvS \ma sImtm AmsX, Ahs krjvSn-I-sf hnfn-m,
Ah i]n--s ]nim-Nn-s\-bmWv hnfn-p--sXp An-km-Av: 117 ]d-np-v. Am-lp-hns \ma- Ahs krjvSn-Iv \Ip-Ib
- pw, As\ \Imsav hmZn-p-Ibpw Xn-p-Ibpw sNp--h a\pjynim-Np--fmWv. Ahsc
shSn-b-W-sa-mWv Cu kqw ]Tn-n-p--Xv. Ah-cpsS {]h-\-p XXmb {]Xnêw sImSp-p-sap ]d-m, Ahsc \c-I-ns ASn--n-tep
]d--b-p-sapamWv. ^pzn-e-v: 40-, \nbw \psS kq--sf hfsmSnp--h \n\nv ad-p-\np-sm-p-an-. Atm \c-I-n hens-dn-b-s-Sp--h-\m-tWm, As-n Jznbm-a-p-\m-fn kpc-n-X-\mbn hcp--h\mtWm D-a ? \n Dt-in-p-Xv \n {]hnpsImpI, \n-bw,
Ah \n {]hn-p-Xv hon-p-sIm-n-cn-p--h-\m-Ip-p Fp-]-d-np-v. _Jd: 286, Ben-Cw-dm: 78, An-km-Av: 140145, amCZ: 13, ABw: 33, 112
181.\psS krjvSn-If
- n Hcp hn`mKw lJvJp-BsImv kamKnembhcpw, AXp-sImv \oXn ]men-p--h-cm-bp-ap-v.
AAvdm^v: 159 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Jp-B Cd-n-bXv Am-lp-hns\ ]cn-N-bs-Sp-m-\m-Wv. Atm AXns hn[n-hn-e-p-I ]n]n Pohn--emWv AXp-
78
JpB\ns Bmhv
sImv kamK--cm-hpI F-Xns hnh-. AXv ]]-n-Po-hn-m ap-hsc t{]cn-n-p-I-sb--XmWv AXp-sImv \oXn-]m-en-pI Fp-]-d--Xns
hnh-. _Jd: 38, ABw:1, AAvdm^v: 8, 9 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
182.\psS kq-sf If-hmn Xn--d-bp--hcp-tm, Ahsc \mw
Ah Adn-bpIt]mepw sNm--hn-[-n ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn \mi-n-tev
sImp-t]m-hpI Xs sNp--Xm-Wv.
183.Rm Ahv Ah-kcw \In-sm-n-cn-p-I-bpamIp-p. \nbw
Fs X{w hfscZrV-hp-amWv.
Jp- B Inn- b nv D]- t bm- K - s - S p- m- - h - c psS {]h- \ - - s fmw
]mgmbntmbn-p-s-pw, Ahp Xpem-kn Xq-ap-m-hp-I-bn-spw AIlv^v: 103-105 ]d-n-p-v. Ah Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-Ip--Xn\p ]Icw
]nim-Nns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fpw, ]c-tem-I-n\p ]Icw CltemIn\p {]m[m\yw
sImSp- p- - h cp- a m- W v . Ah Am- l p- h ns krjv S n- I sf \c- I - n- t ep
]nSnphenp sImp-t]m-Ip--h-cp-am-Wv. _Jd: 121, Ben-Cw-dm: 177178, Ankm-Av: 56, amCZ: 10 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
"aXo' F-Xn\v s]mn-t]m-Im-Xv, ]mgm-bn-t]m-Im-Xv Fsmw Bib-apv. "l_vep aXo' Fm s]mn-t]m-Im Ibdmb Jp-B-\ns Bib-am-Wv. _Jd: 256, ABw: 124 hniZoIcWw t\mp-I.
184. Ah Dmtem-Nn-p-n-t, Ah-cpsS Iqp-Im-c\p Pnp-Isfmpw _m[n-n-n-m-sb-v. \nbw Atlw hy-amb ap-dn-bnpImc-\-msX
am-cp-a- Xs.
ChnsS AhcpsS Iqp-Im-c Fp-]-d-Xv \_nsb kw_-n-m-Wv. k_Av: 46 Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw Rm \n-tfmSv Hcp Imcyw D]-tZ-in-p-p.
AXm-bXv \n cmtfm X\ntm A-mlp-hn\v thn \ne-sIm-pI. ]ns
\n \n-fpsS Iqp-Im-c\v Pnn \nv Fs-nepw _m[n-n-ptm Fv
Dm-tem-Nn-p-Ibpw sNp-I. \nbw CXv AXn-I-Tn-\-amb in hcp--Xn\v apv
\np Hcp ap-dn-bn-
- msX asm-p-a
- . lnPv: 6, \_nsbpdnp \ntj[n-I ]d-n-cp-p: Hm ZnIv Jp-B\ns BibwCd--s-n-p--h-t\, \nbw
\o Pnp-_m-[n {`m Xs-bm-Ip-p Fv \ntj-[n-I ]d-n-cp--Xmbn ]dn-pv. Cu Jp-B sImphcp-Xv Pnp-I-fm-sW-m-bn-cpp B P\X
Btcm-]n-n-cp--Xv. AXn\p adp-]-Sn-bmbn Ap-A-dm-Av: 210212- kq--fn, CXpwsImv Jp-B\pw sImv ]nim-Np- Cd-n-bn-n, AX-hv tbmPn--Xp-a, Ahv km[n-p--Xp-a-, \nbw Ah AXp-tIp--Xns\smp AI-s--h Xs-bm-Ipp. Jp-B\ns Bibn\nmWv ]nimNv XS-bp-Isbv AAvdm^v: 175 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ImWmw. A-Ivho: 22, \n-fpsS
AAvdm^v (7)
79
Iqp-Im-c Pnp-_m-[np {`mp ]d-bp--h-\s-pw, 25, CXp AI--s

ssizms hmp-I-f-spw, 27, \nbw CXp k-tem-I-v Hcp A\pkva-c-W-a-msX asm-p-a-s-pw ]d-n-p-v. ^pJm: 56-57 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
A-Pvav: 24 kq--fn Amlp ]d-bpp: \n-fpsS Iqp-Im-c hgn-]n-g-n-smp-an-, Atlw ey-t_m[w \-s--h-\p-am-bn-n-, Atlw tZtl--b-\p-kcnv {]Xn-^-enn-p-p-an. \nbw CXv At-l-n\v \Ip Znhy-k-t-iamsX asm-pa. ABw: 8990- hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
185.BImifp- s Sbpw `q- a n- b psSbpw B[n- ] - X yspdnv \n- b - { Wspdn-v Cq- Hcn-epw Nnn-p-t\m-n-bn-n-t? Amlp
krjvSn-n-p Hcp hkvXp-hn-s\bpw Ch Ip-Xp-dp t\mn-bn-n-t?
Ah-cpsS Pohn-Xm-h[n Ah-km-\n-m-dmbn F-h Hcn-epw Btem-Nnn-nt? Atm Cu h-am-\-n\ptijw thsd GsXmcp h-am\-n-emWh hniz-kn-m t]mIp--Xv?
_pn-amamcmb hnizm-kn-I, BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsSbpw Ah-bvn-S-bn-ep
k hkvXp--fp-sSbpw krjvSn-ns\pdnp Dmtem-Nnp AXns ]nn-ep
GI-\mb krjvSm-hns\ Is-p--h-cpw, CsXmw ey-tmSv IqSn am{Xw
krjvSn-Xm-Wv, AmsX hrYm krjvSn--X-; AXns ]nn-ep eyw a\-nemn Pohn-n-n-s-n Ahv \msf \c-I-in--bm-Wp--sXv Chn-sS-shv
Xs Xncn--dn-bp--hcpw Ftmgpw Jp-B-\ns Bibw sImv "Amlv' F
kvac-W-bn \ne-sIm-p--h-cp-am-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm: 190-191 t\mp-I. Aqd: 29
Amlp ]d-bp-p: BIm-i--fpsSbpw `qan-bpsSbpw Ah cn-epw ]c-n-bn-p
Poh-Pm-e-fpsSbpw krjvSnv Ah-\pv F-Xn\v sXfn-hmWv. Ah Dt-in-ptm Ah-sb-sbmw Hcpanp Iqm Ign-hp--h\pw Xs-bm-W-h. Ap-Jm:
3839 kq--fn Amlp ]d-bpp: BIm-i-`p-a-nI-sfbpw Ahbvv cn-\p-an-Sbn-ep--Xn-s\bpw \mw Xam-i-bmbn krjvSn-np-XXs, Ah cns\bpw
ey-tm-sS-b-msX krjvSn-n-t-bn-. Fm P\--fn A[n-I-t]cpw Adnhn-m--h Xs-bm-Ip-p. Pmknb: 22 Amlp ]d-bpp: BIm-i--sfbpw
`qan-sbbpw ey-tmSv IqSn krjvSnncn-pp\n-fn Hmtcm Bm-hn\pw
Ah kmZnXn\v {]Xn-êw sImSp-p--Xn-\p thn. Ah A]w t]mepw
A\oXn ImWn--s-Sp-I-bp-an-. Atm BIm-i-`q-an-I Xsbpw krjvSn-Xv
a\p-jysc Cu `qan-bn \ntbm-Knv Ahs\ ]co-n-p--Xn\v thn-bm-sWv
Cu kqw ]Tn-n-p-p. Pmknb: 1213 Amlp ]d-bpp: Amlp Fv ]dbph, Xs I]-\-{]-Imcw I-tem-Sn-p--Xn\p thn kap{Zs \nv
hnt[-b-am-n---h-\m-Wv. \n Ahs A\p-{K-l- tXSn-n-Sn-p--Xn\pw
As\ \n {]I-Sn-n-p--h-cm-IpIXs thWsa--Xn\pw thn. BIm-i-`qan-Ifpw Ah-c-n-ep-ap Fm Hpw \nv hnt[-b-amn Xn-cn-p-p.
\nbw AXn Dm-tem-Nn-p P\-Xv [mcmfw ]mT--fp-v.
80
JpB\ns Bmhv
Ah krjvSn-n-p GsXmcp hkvXp-hns\pdnpw ]TnpIbpw AXns
]nn-ep krjvSn ssh`-hs\ Is-p-Ibpw sNphcm-Wv hnizm-kn-I.
AKm-jnb: 17, Atm Ah H-IntepAsX--s\-bmWv krjvSn-s--sXp t\mn-bn-n-stbm Fp tNmZn-p--Xn\v adp-]Sn: \o ]cn-ip--\mWv
\mYm Fm-Wv. AYhm B H-I-ns ]nn-ep krjvSn ssh`-hs\ Rm
lrZbwsImv Ip, Ah D]-a-bn-m-, DZm-l-c-W-an-m Fm-n\pw Ignhp ]cn-ip--\m-Wv. Ahs krjvSn ssh`hw A]mcw Xs FmWv.
"Ah-cpsS PohnXmh[n Ah-km-\n-mdm-sbv A-h BtemNnnnt' Fp
tNmZn--Xns s]mcp, acWmh[n \n-bn-n-p-v, AXp Ftm thW-sa-nepw
hcm-samWv. ac-W-ti-j-ap Pohn-X-n\p thn Hmtcmcpcpw FmWv Hcpn-sh-n-p--sXp t\mnmWm liv: 18, Amlp hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnp
In-p-p-v. Ftmgpw Nn-bp, ey-t_m[w D-h-cm-bn-cn--W-sa-mWp
Cu kq--sfmw ]Tn-n-p--Xv. AmsX Nn-bn-m {]-b--h-cpw, eyt_m[w \jvS-s hgn-]n-g ZpamKn-I-fp-ambn amdm CShccpsXpam-Wv. ap\m^n-Jq: 910 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. _Jd: 152, An-km-Av: 1 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Am-lp-hns h-am-\-amb Jp-B-s\m-gn-hmnsmv C\n at-sXmcp
h-am-\
- n-emWp \n hniz-kn-m t]mIp-s
- X Bi-btm-Sp-IqSnbp
kq-amWv apkz-em-v: 50. Pmknb: 6, CsXmw Am-lp-hns kq--fmIp-p. \mw AXv \n\v ey-tm-Sp-IqSn hni-Zo-I-cnp Xcn-I-bm-Wv. Atm
Am-lp-hn-\p-ti-j-hpw, Ahs kq-v tijhpw thsd GsXmcp h-am\-n-emWv Ah hniz-kn-m t]mIp-Xv Fv tNmZn-n-p-v. A-Pvav: 31-
Amlp ]d-bpp: BIm-i`- q-an-If
- n-ep-s
- Xmw Am-lp-hn-\m-Ip-p. Xn {]hn-hv Ah {]hn--Xn-\p {]Xn-^-e-hpw, \ {]hn--hv \-sImv
{]Xn-^-ehpw sImSp-m-\m-W-Xv. _Jd: 94-95, An-km-Av: 122, A-Bw: 15, 75, 160
hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
186.BscbmtWm Amlp hgn-]n-g-n-Xv, Atm Ahs\ kamK-nte-m-p Hcp amKZin-bp-an. Ahsc Ah-cpsS [nm-c--fn
ey-t_m-[-an-msX BSn-bp-ep hnl-cn-m hnt-p-I-bp-amWv.
_Jd: 15, A-Bw: 104,107-111, AAvdm^v: 178 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
187. B Ay-a-Wn-qdns\smv Ftm, FmWv AXp Ab--s-SpIsbp Ah \ntmSv tNmZn- p- p- h - t m. ]d- b p- I : \nbw
AXns\pdn-p Adnhv Fs \mYs ] am{X-am-Ip-p. AXns
kabw Ahs\mgnsI ampw shfn-sSpp-I-bn-. BIm-i--fnepw
`qan-bnepw AXp hfsc I\--Xm-bn-cn-pw. s]s--msX AXv \nfn hs-p-Ib
- n-. \obmWv AXns kqn-p-Im-cs
- \ an-em-Wtm
\ntm- S - h AXns\pdnv tNmZn- p- - X v , ]d- b p- I : \nbw
AAvdm^v (7)
81
AXns\pdnp Adnhv Am-lp-hns ] am{X-am-Ip-p--]t

P\--fn A[n-I-t]cpw Adn-hn-m--h Xs-bm-Ip-p.
Alvkm-_v: 63, P\- B AyaWn-q-dns\pdnv \ntmSv tNmZnp-p-h-tm, \o ]d-bp-I: \nbw AXns\pdn-p Adnhv Am-lp-hns ]
am{XamIp-p, \n\s--dn-bmw, B aWnq ASpp Xs kw`-hn-spw htmw Fp-]-d-bp-p. Ja: 49-50 Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw Fm hkvXp-sfbpw \mw Ah-[n-tbmSpw IW-tmSpw IqSn-bmWv krn-n-p--Xv. \psS I]\
\S-n-em-hm Iv Ca-sh-p kabamsX th-Xpan-. ^pzn-e-v: 47, B
Ay-aW
- n-q-dns\pdn-p Adnhv Ah-\n-tep aS-s
- -Spp Fp-]d
-
n-pv.
Hcn- Po_vco hp \_n-tbm-Sp Cuam-\n-s\bpw Ckvem-an-s\bpw Ipdn-smw
tNmZn--dn--Xn\ptijw B Ay-a-Wn-q-dns\pdnv tNmZn-p: Atm tNmZn-s--h tNmZn--h-t\-m Adn-hp--h-\ FmWv adp-]Sn ]d--Xv. AYhm
Ay-aW
- n-q-dns\pdn-p Adnhv Am-lphn\p am{X-am-Ip-p, AX-h Bpw
Adn-bnp sImSp-n-n-, s]s-mWv AXp-m-hp-I. bmko: 49-50 ]d-bp-p:
B aWnqdns\ \n Hcp tLmc-K-\-am-bn--msX ImWp-I-bn-, \n
]c-kv]cw Xnp sImn-cn-ptmgmbn-cnpw AXp kw`-hn-p-I. Atm
\nv hkzn-v sNm-t\m, kzIp-Spw-_mw-K
- f
- n-tev Xncnpt]mImt\m kabw
e`n-p-I-bn-. BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-eXv I\--Xm-bn-cnpw.
lv: 12 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Hm a\p-jytc, \n \n-fpsS \mYs\
kqn-p-I, \nbw B Ay-a-Wn-q-dns {]I-\w hn-Xp Xs-bm-Ip-p.
B aWn-q \S-n-em-Ip-tm ape-bq-p amXmhv Ipns\ hen-s-dn-bp-Xp
\n\v ImWmw, K`n-Wn-I ka-b-n\p appXs {]khn-p--Xm-Wv. P\sf \o elcn _m[n--h-cmbn ImWp--Xm-WvFm Ah elcn hkvXp D]-tbm-Kn--nn-, ]t Am-lp-hns in AXnI-Tn-\-am-Ip-p. Ckm:
27, \nbw Cq- Ah-cpsS ]nm-se-bp `mcw IqSnb Zn\s shSn-psIm-v Zp\n-bm-hn\v thn [rXnIqp-h-cm-Ipp Fv ]d-n-p-v. ChnsS `mcw
IqSnb Zn\w FXpsImv Dt-in-p-Xv hyn-Isf kw_-nv ac-Whpw samw
temIv Ay-Zn-\-hp-am-Ip-p. Ckm: 7--11 Amlp ]d-bpp: ]pWym-m Ah-cpsS hmp-I ]men-phcpw Xn-\o-m Ign-bm Xn-IfS-nb
B \mfns\ `b-s-Sp--h-cp-amWv. `-W-n\v Ahv B{K-l-ap-m-bn-cns
Am-lp-thm-Sp kvt\l-m a\p-jy-cn\np AKXn-I-sfbpw A\m-Y-Isfbpw _n-I-sfbpw `n-n-p--Xp-am-Wv. Atm Ah-cpsS a\-n, \nbw
R \nsf `n-n-p-Xv Am-lp-hn\v thn am{X-amWv, AmsX \nfn \np {]Xn-^-etam \n-{]-I-S-\tam R Dt-in-p-n-. R RfpsS \mY-\n \np {]I-n-X-am-sbmcp Zn\s `b-s-Sp--h-cp-am-Wv Fm-bncnpw. Atm B \mfns Xnsb sXmv Amlp Ahsc XS-p. Ah
Ahs\ ktm-jt- mSpw apJ{]k-X
- t- bmSpw IqSn Ip-ap-p-Ibpw sNpw. kpa:
55-60 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. _Jd: 32, amCZ: 109 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
82
JpB\ns Bmhv
188.]d-bpI, Amlp FmtWm F\nv Dt-in-Xv AsXm-gnsI Rm
F\nv Xs Hcp D]-Imctam D]-{Zhtam hcp-m A[n-Im-c-an-m--h\m-Ip-p. Rm AZr-iy-Im-cy- Adn-bp--h-\m-bn-cp-s-n, Rm
F\nv [mcmfw \-I hn-n-pIXs sNp-am-bn-cpp. Fs
Hcn-epw Xn-I _m[n-p-I-bp-an-m-bn-cp-p. Fm Rmt\m Hcp
ap-dn-bn-p-Im-c-\pw, hnizm-kn-I-fmb P\-Xsmcp ip`-hm-Zm-b-I-\pa-msX amcpa-.
bq\p-kv: 15-16, Ckvdm-Av: 90-93 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. _Jd: 272, BenCw-dm: 128129, A-Bw: 35, 52, kq-fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
189. Ah- Xs- b mWv \nsf Hscm Bm- h n\nv krjv S n- Xv ,
AXn\nv Xs AXns CWsb Dmp-Ibpw sNbvXp Ahfntep imn-bStb--Xn\v. As\ B Bmhv cpw ]pWp
Hm-b-tm, Ah Hcp sNdnb `mcw -K-`wNpa-p-I-bm-bn, AXpw
t]dn Ah \S-p. ]noSXv `mcw IqSn-b-tm Ah cp-t]cpw
X-fpsS \mY-t\mSp {]mn-pI-bmbn: \o Rsmcp kkz`mhn-bmb km-\s {]Zm\w sNp-I-bm-sW-n \nbw R
\n\v \n {]I-Sn-n-p--h-cn s]h Xs-bm-bn-cn-pw.
An-km-Av: 1 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. kzKobAh ùXnI Pohn-Xns ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xn-\p Hcp D]-a-bm-Wv CW-tN-c. Ckveman AXp Ghpw henb C_m-Z-m-Wv. BmhpI ]q-ambn ]s-Spp
GI {]hrn-bm-Wn-Xv. Cu {]hrn-bn Bmhpw Bmhpw Hm-hp-I-bm-Wv
sNp-Xv. Adqw: 21 Amlp ]d-bpp: Ah\pv F-Xn\v sXfnhmWv
\nv \n-fn\npXs-bp CW-Isf krjvSnp XXv, \n Ahfn imn-b-S-bp--Xn\pthn. \nn-S-bn Ah ]c-kv]cw kvt\lhpw
Imcp-Wyhpw DmpIbpw sNbvXp. \nbw AXn Btem-Nnv {]Xn-^-en-n-p-hv ZrjvSm---fp-v. _Jd: 152, ABw: 10 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
190.Atm \mw Ahncp-hpw kkz`m-hn-bmb Hcp km-\s
\In-btm, Ahv \In-b-Xn Ah Ah\v ]m-fn-Isf Btcm]n-p-I-bm-bn. Atm Amlp Ah P]n-p ]m-fnn
\nsmw AXoX\pw AXyp--X-\p-am-Ip-p.
kpa: 67 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. sam-n hnizm-kn-I-fm a\p-jy-cpsS kz`mh-amWv Cu kq-n hc-p-Im-Wn-p--Xv. kkz-`m-h-ap \ km-\-sf
\I-W-sap Am-lp-hn-t\mSp {]mn-p-Ibpw, Fm AwK-ssh-I-ey-samp-anm Ip-a km-\s {]Zm\w sNbvXm Ah - amXm-]n-Xm- AXn\p
\n {]I-Sn-n-p-sImv alm-m--fpsS Pmd--fn-tev t\t\-cp-I-bpw, Ahn-S-fnt]mbn Ipn-v t]cp-hn-fn-p-I-bpw, BZy-ambn tNmdpsImSp- I--
AAvdm^v (7)
83
sfmw \S-p-Ibpw sNp-p. B alm-m--fpsS Imcp-WywsIm-mWv Ahp

km-\s e`n--sX an-emWv Cu {]h-\--sf-mw. Fm Ccw
amaq-ep-Ifpw BNm-c--fp-samw ]nim-NmWv Ahp Ae-m-c-amn ImWn-p-sImSp-p--Xv. adn-bw: 83 Iqn-hmbnp-I. ABw: 121,136-137, AAvdm^v: 28-30 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
191. bmsXmpw krjvSn-m-h
- cpw, kzbw Xs krjvSn-s
- -h
- c
- p-ambhscbmtWm Ah Am-lp-hn\v ]m-fn-I-fmp-Xv?
Alv: 2021 kq--fn, Ah Am-lp-hns\qSmsX hnfnp {]mnp--h bmsXmpw krjvSn-m--hcpw, Ah Xs krjvSn--s--h-cp-am-Wv.
Ah acn-p-In-Sp--h-cmWv, Pohn-n-cn-p--ht]mep-a-, FmWv ]p\Po-hn-n-s-Sp-I-sbp t]mepw Ah-dn-bpIbpan Fp-]-d-n-p-v. _Jd: 165, ABw: 36 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
192.Ahv Chsc klm-bn-m-\m-hp-I-bn-, Ahv Ahsc Xsbpw
klm-bn-m Ign-hn-.
bmko: 74, Ah Chsc klm-bn-p-sap Icp-Xn, Ah Am-lphns\qSmsX ap Cem-lp-Isf sXsc-s-Sp-n-cn-p-p, 75, Ahv Chsc
klm- b n- p- h m km[y- a - , Fm- h - s cbpw Hcp- a npIqp \mfn Ah
ChsXnsc hcp ]m-f-m-cm-bn-cn-p-sap ]d-n-p-v. AlvJm-^v: 56,
bq\p-kv: 34-35 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. ^mnl: 4 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
193.\n Ah-sc kamKn-tev hnfn-m Ah \nsf ]n]-p-Ibn-, \n Ahsc hnfn-p--Xpw As-n \n au\w]men-pXpw \n-fp-sS-ta kaamWv.
ChnsS "\n' Fp-]-d-m hnizm-kn-I-fm-Wv, AmsX Am-lphns\qSmsX alm-m-sftbm, _nw_-s
- ftbm hnfnp {]mn-p apivcnpI-f-. "Ah \nsf ]n]-p-I-bn' Fp-]-d-Xv apivcnp-I-sf-p-dnm-Wv.
F-msX apivcnp-I hnfnp {]mn-p alm-m-tfm _nw_-tfm A.
Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsX ap--hsc hnfnp {]mn-p- -apivcnp-Isf hnizmkn-I kamK-n-tep -Jp-B-\n-te-v hnfn-m Ah ]n]-p-I-bn-,
AYhm hnizm-kn-I-fpsSta Ahsc apivcnp-I-sf hnfn-p--Xpw, hnfn-m-Xn-cnp-Xpw ka-am-Wv. bmko: 10, \_n-tbmSp ]d-bp-p: Ah-cp-sS-ta \o apdn-bnp \Iepw \Im-Xn-cn-epw ka-am-Wv, Ah hniz-kn-p-I-bn Xs. 11,
\nbw, Jp-B\ns Bibw ]n]-p-Ibpw ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is\ Jp-B\ns Bib-nIv `b-s-Sp-Ibpw sNp--hsc am{X-am-Wv \o ap-dn-bnp \Ip-I Fv]-d-n-p-v. _Jd: 67 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
84
JpB\ns Bmhv
194.\n-b-w Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsX \n hnfnp {]mnp-h-cp-tm, Ah \nsftmep ASn-aI
- am{X-am-Wv. icn, Atm \n
Ahsc hnfn-p-I, \n- kXyw ]d-bp-h
- c
- m-sW-n Ah \np
adp-]Sn \Ip-Xp ImW-s.
ChnsS \n Fp A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNbvXXv, Am-lp-hns\qSmsX
Ahsctmep krjvSn-Ifmb alm-m--sf-tbm atm hnfnp {]mn-p--hsc-bm-Wv. Am-lp-hns\qSmsX at-sXmcp krjvSn-I-sfbpw hnfnp {]mn-p-h ]nim-Nns\bmsX hnfnpn-m-sbp An-km-Av: 117- ]d-n-p-v.
Ccw Im^n-dp-Iv Ah-cpsS Imcy- icn-s-SpnsmSp-p--Xn\p ]nimNp-sf \mw Ab-Xv \o Int Fv adn-bw: 83 tNmZn-p-p-v. 93,
BIm-i--fnepw `qan-bnepap Fm Hpw ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\p ASn-a-bm-bn--msX
hcp-n-m-sbpw ]d-bp-p. An-km-Av: 172 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
195.A, Ahv Imep-I-fptm \S-m? As-n Ahv ssIIfptm ]nSn-m? As-n Ahv Ip-I-fptm ImWm? Asn Ahv ImXp-I-fptm tIm? {]hm-N-Itc Ah-tcmSp ]d-bpI: \nfpsS ]m-fn-I-sf-sbmw \n hnfn-p-I-bpw, ]ns F\ns-Xnsc \n-sf-m-h-cpwtNp X{- Bkq-{XWw sNp-Ibpw
sNp-hn. Atm \n F\nv Hpw kmh-Imiw Xtc--Xn-.
Am-lp-hns\qSmsX \n hnfnp {]mn-p--hv \n-fpsS ASptp \Sp hcm-\p Imep-I-fp-tm, As-n Ahv \nsf hp ]nSns-gp-tn-m-\p ssII-fp-tm, As-n Ahv \nsf ImWp-hm-\p
Ip-I-fp-tm, As-n Ahv \nfpsS hnfn- tIm-\p sNhn-I-fptm?
Fv Amlp tNmZn- tijw, {]hm-N-I-t\mSp Hcp shp-hnfn \S-m Bh-iys-Sp-Ibm-Wv. AXm-bXv \nfpsS ]m-fn-I-sf-sbmw hnfnv \n-sf-m-hcpw
tNv F\n-s-Xn-cm-bnv X{w sa\-tm-fq, F\np kmh-Imiw \tI--Xn Fv. CXp-t]m-ep shp-hnfn A-Bw: 80-81 C_vdmlow \_nbpw, bq\pkv:
71- \qlv \_nbpw, lqZv: 55-56 , lqZv \_nbpw \S-n-bn-p-v. ^mnl: 4
196.\nbw Fs kwc--I- Cu {Kand-n-b- Am-lp-hm-Ipp, Ah
k-\-sf sXcsSp-p--h-\p-am-Ip-p.
Aqd: 6 Amlp ]d-bpp: Am-lp-hns\qSmsX kwc-Iamsc
sXc-s-Sp-p--h-cp--tm, Amlp Xs-bmWv Ah-cpsSbpw kwc--I. \o
Ah-cpsS ssIIm-cy-Im-shm-p-a-. AI-_q-v: 9, hniz-kn-p-I-bpw,
kI- sNp-Ibpw sNp-hsc \mw k-\
- f
- n {]th-in-n-pI Xs
sNpsav ]d-n-p-v. ^Xvlv: 56, hnizm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jam-scbpw kv{XoIsfbpw Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS \Zn-I Hgp-In-sm-n-cn-p kzK-q-tm-p-I-fn
AAvdm^v (7)
85
{]th-in-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. Ah AXn \nXy-hm-kn-I-fp-am-bn-cn-pw. Ah-cpsS

Xn-I-sfmw Ah-cn\nv ambvp-I-f-bp--Xm-Wv. Am-lp-hns ] Ahv
al-mb hnP-b-am-Wp--Xv. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jam-scbpw kv{XoI-sfbpw,
Am-lp-hn-s A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp ]pcp-jam-scbpw kv{XoIsf-bpw inn-p-X
- p-am-Wv. Ah Am-lp-hn-s\-p-dnv Zpjn Nnshp]pen,
AhcpsS -ta-emWv Xn-bpsS he-b-ap--Xv, AhcpsS-ta-emWv Amlphns tIm]ap--Xv, Ahv \c-I-Kw Hcp-n-sh-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-pF{X-tam-i-s
aS---ew Fv ]d-n--p-v. {K-an-d-n-bXp Am-lp-hns\ ]cn-N-s-Sp-p-Xn-\p- th-n-bm-Wv. {Kw ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p Am-lp-hn hniz-kn-pIbpw,
{Kns hn[n-hn-e-p-I ]n]-pIbpw sNp--h-cmWp k-\-. AYhm
\_n-amcpw kno-Jo-fpw ipl-Zm-fpw kzmen-lo-f
- p-samwtN Am-lp-hns
kwLamWp BZw \_n apX Ay-\m hsc-bp hnizm-kn-I-fpsS GI-kwLw. ap-Pm-Zne: 22 t\mpI. Jkzkv: 85 Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw \ns ta
Cu Jp-B \n_--am-n-b-h \ns Hcp \ aS--n-tev aS-pI Xs
sNpw. \o ]d-bpI, BcmWv kamK-hpwsImv h-sXpw BcmWv hyamb hgn-tI-Sn-sepw Gw Adn-bp--h Fs \mY Xs-bmWv. ^mnl: 6,
_Jd: 257, ABw: 157, AAvdm^v: 170 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
197.\n Ahs\qSmsX hnfnp {]mn-p--h-cp--tm, Ahv
\nsf klm-bn-m km[y-a-, Ahv Ah-scsbpw klm-bnm km[y-a-.
Am-lp-hns\qSmsX Bsc hnfnp {]mn-mepw Ahv, hnfn-p-hscbpw Ah-sc Xsbpw klm-bn-m km[y-a-smWp ]d-bp--Xv. CkvdmAv: 56, \o ]d-bpI, \n Am-lp-hns\qSmsX \nfptinp-h
- s
- c-sbmw
hnfnp {]mn-p-I, Ahp \nsfsmv HcpZpcnXw t-iw Zqco-I-cn-mt\m amn-sh-mt\m km[y-a-. 57, Aq--scmw Xs Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsX
\n- hnfnp {]mn-p--h Am-lp-hns kmao]yw Ghpw IqSp-X t\SpXn\p thn a-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--hcpw Ahs ImcpWyw B{K-ln-p--hcpw Ahs in `b-s-Sp--h-cp-am-Wv. \nbw \ns dns in `b-s-tSXv Xs-bm-Ip-p Fpw ]d-n-p-v. Ap-A-dm-Av: 91-102 Amlp ]dbpp: ey- t _m[w \- s hv \cIw ASpn- p- - X m- W v , Ah- t cmSv
tNmZnsSpw: Am-lp-hns\qSmsX \n hnfnp {]mn-n-cp--h-cpw, t\h-gn-]m-Sp-I \S-n-bn-cp--hcpw Ctm FhnsS? Ahv \nsf klm-bnm km[n-p-ptm? As-n Ah Ahscs klm-bn-m km[np--h-cmtWm? Ahscbpw ey-t_m[w \-s--hscbpw C_veokns ]m-fs apgp-h\pw \c-I-n ASpn ASpn shp--Xm-Wv, Ah-c-Xn ]cvk-]cw
XnpsImv ]dbpw: Am-lp-hmWv kXyw, \mw k-tem-I--fp-sSbpw DS-abmb \mY\v kaam-sc-bpw CS-bm-fam-scbpw ip]mi-m-sc-bp-samw P]n-tm hy-amb hgn-tI-Sn Xs-bm-bncp-p. \s {`mam-c-msX hgn-]n-g-
86
JpB\ns Bmhv
n-n-n-. Atm ChnsS \apv ip]mi-m-cmcp-an--tm. Jp-B-\ns\ kXysSpnb Hcmfp-w \apv B-an-{X-ambn C--tm, Atm \apv HchkcwIqSn
Inp-am-bn-cp-s-n hnizm-kn-Ifn s]Smam-bn-cp--tm. _Jd: 166-167, amCZ: 36,
ABw: 2530 t\mp-I.
198.\n Ahsc kamKn-tev hnfn--m Ah-cXv tIp-I-bn,
Ah \ns Xpdnpt\mp--Xmbn \n\v ImWmw. ]t Ah
DmgvN ImWp-hcpa-.
Chn-sSbpw \n Fp-]-d-Xp hnizm-kn-Isfpdn-m-Wv. hnizm-kn-I
apivcnp-Isf Jp-B-\n-tev kamKn-te-v hnfn-m Ah AXp tI`mhw \Sn-p-I-bn-. Ah hnfn Bsf Xpdnpt\mn-sIm-n-cn-p-sa--msX
Dm-gvN-Zm-b-I-amb Jp-B\ns Bibw ImWphm Xm-dm-hp-I-bn-. lv:
72, \psS kq- hy-ambn hni-Zo-I-cnp sImSp-p-tm \ntj-[n-IfpsS apJv hntcm[w hnf-bm-Sp-Xp \n\v Xncn--dn-bmw. \psS kq-sf
hni- Z o- I - c n- p- - h s Imen- \ - S n- b nse av \on- I - f - b p hn[- n Ah
Xpdnpt\mp--Xm-Wv. \o tNmZn-p-I: AXn-tesd Xn-bm-b-sX-m-sWv Rm
\nv ]dp Xcstbm? \c-Iw. AXmWv Amlp \ntj-[n-Iv hmKvZm\w
sNbvXn-p--Xv. F{X-tam-i-s aS---ew! _Jd: 18-19, A-Bw: 36, AAvdm^v:
199.\o hnp- h ogvNbpsSamKw kzoI- c n- pI, Jp- B sImv
I]npsImn-cn-p-Ibpw, aqVamsc (-AhtcmSv Xn-msX) AhK-Wn-p-Ibpw sNp-I.
200.]nimNn\np Hcp t{]cW \ns _m[n-p-p-shn, Atm
\o Amlphns\smv A`bw tXSp- I . \nbw Ah Fmw
tIp k-m\nbtm.
^pJm: 63, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is CjvS-Zm-kam, Ahn-th-In-I-fmb
aqVam Ah-tcmSp Xn-p-sImp kwkm-cn-m hm, \n\p \ns ]mn\p
t]mImsa [z\n-bn kemw ]dp ]ncn-bp--h-cm-sWp ]d-n-p-v. ^pzne-v: 34, \bpw Xnbpw ka-am-hp-I-bn-, \o Ghpw \-Xp-sImv Xnsb
XS-bp-I, Atm \n\pw Bp-an-S-bn-emtWm i{X-p-X-bpXv Ah B-an-{Xambn hcp--XmWv Fv ]d-npv. 35, Cu kz`mhw am-ep-pw JpB\mIp kZp-]-tZiw kzoI-cn alm-`m-Ky-hmamp-a-msX e`n-p-I-bn-spw
]d-n-p-v. 36, \ns ]nimNn \np Hcp t{]cW _m[n-m Am-lphns\smv icWw tXSp-I. \nbw, Ah Fmw tIp k-m-\n
-X-s-btm Fp-]-d-bp-p-v. ChnsS Ghpw \-Xp-sImp Xnsb XS-bp-Isbp ]d-Xv, Jp-BsImv XS-bp-Isb-m-Wv. Ass: 6 Ghpw \Xns\ kXy-s-Sp-pI Fv ]d-Xnse "Ghpw \Xpw' Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw-
AAvdm^v (7)
87
X-s-bm-Wv.
Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-bn Xr]vXn-s-Sp-Ibpw, Am-lp-hns tIm]-n
tIm]n-pIbpw -thWw Fn am{Xta hnizm-kn-bm-hp-Ibp-q. Jp-B\ns
Bibw ]Tn- n- p- I - h gn Am- l p- h ns hn[n- h n- e - pI In- p- I bmWv
\sImp In-p-I- Fp ]d-bp--Xv. Jp-B\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-Iv hncp-ambn Hcp kuay-kz-`m-hhpw kzoI-cn-m-hp--X. AYhm kzm Xm]-cytam
apXm]-cy-tfm Hpw IqSmsX Am-lp-hn-\p-thn am{Xw ]d-b-Ww, au\w
Zon--Ww, an--Ww FmWv In-p--Xv. Am-lp-hns Imcy-n (JpB\ns Bi-b-ns Imcy-n) ap\m-^n-Jp-ItfmSp tZjy-s-SpI Xs thWw.
ImcWw ]nimNv Jp- B \ns Bi- b - n \nmWv XS- b p- I . Xu_: 73
hniZoIcWw t\mpI. AtXkabw Zo\n \n_--ans-- hkvXpX a\-nemn {]hn--pIbpw thWw. _-Jd: 256 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Npcp--n
Am-lp-hn\pthn Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn Pohn-p--h-cm-Wv hnizm-kn-I.
Atm Ah ap krjvSn-I-fn Am-lp-hn-s {]mXn-\n[yw Pohnnp ImWnt--Xm-Wv. Atm am{X-amWv {]hm-N-Is PohnXw kmy-s-Sp-p--h-cmhp-I. _Jd: 143 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
apAvan\q: 96-, \o Ghpw \-Xp-sImv Xnsb XS-bp-Isbpw, 97-98
kq--fn, Fs \mYm, ]nim-NpfpsS {]tem`\-sfsmp Rm \nn
A`bw tXSp-p, Fs \mYm, B ]nim-Np- Fs kao-]n-p--Xns\smpw
Rm \nn A`bw tXSpp Fp-{]mn-m\pw ]-d-n-p-v. Ben-Cw-dm:
119, 159, An-km-Av: 17-18, 63-64, amCZ: 50, A-Bw: 54 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
201.\n-bw Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kpn-p--h-cpsS Ah--sb-sm, ]nim-Nn \np Hcp kv]i\wki\wAhsc _m[n-m
Ah lrZbwsImv Amlp-hns\ kvacn--em-bn, AtmgXm Ah
Dm-gvN-bph-cmbn amdp-Ibpw sNpp.
Jp-B-\ns Bibw sImv Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kpn--h-cmWv
"ap-Jo-'. Ah-cpsS Pnp-Iq-p-Imcpw hnizm-kn-I-fm-bn-cn-pw. Fm ]pdsa
\np ]nim-Nns Hcp "tXm' As-n ki\w Ahsc _m[n-m
DSs\ Ah Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-p-Ibpw, Atm Ah Am-lp-hns amKhpw
]nim-Nns amKhpw Xncn--dnbpIbpw icn-bmb amKw kzoI-cn-p--h-cp-ambn amdpIbpw sNpw. ]nim-Nn-sbpw Am-lp-hn-sbpw amK-w Xncn--dn-bm-\p D]-I-cW-amWv _kzm-C-dmb -DmgvNZmb-I-am-b Jp-B\ns samw Bi-bw.
Atm Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv AI-ep-tm-gmWv "Amlv' F kvacW
Cm-Xm-Ip--Xpw, ]nim-Nns Zpt_m-[-\--fn s]p-t]m-Ip--Xpw. ^pJm: 73,
AI-_q-v: 45, apPm-Zne: 19, Xzmlm: 14, 124-127, kzmZv: 1,8, ^pzn-e
- v: 44, A^m:
29 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. An-km-Av: 118, amCZ: 90-91, AAvdm^v: 40,175176
88
JpB\ns Bmhv
202.AhcpsS ]nim-Nnsktlm-Zc
-
- amtcm, Ahsc Ah ZpamK-n-tev
hen-n-g-v sImp-t]m-hp-Ibpw ]ns ]nSn-b-b-mXncn-p-Ibpw sNp-Xm-Wv.
AsX, ]nim-Np-Pnp-]n-im-Np--fm-sW-nepw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb a\pjy-]n-im-Np--fm-sW-nepwAh-cpsS ktlm-Z-camsc ZpamK-n-te-pw \c-In-tepw ]nSnp henpsImp t]mIp--Xm-Wv. Bbn-c-n sXmm-bn-cn
sXmpn HXv a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw Ah-cpsS Pnp-Iq-p-Im-cp-sSbpw kz`m-h-am-Wn-Xv.
Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\np XS-psImmWv Ah Am-lp-hn\nv XSbp--Xv. ]ns Ah AhcpsS- ]nSn Ab-p-Ibn, Ahv bYm hgn-bntep Xncnphcmt\ km[n-mhw Ah ]nSn-ap-dp-p--XmWv. Ckvdm-Av:
27 \n-b-am-bnpw [q-Sn-p--h ]nim-Nns ktlm-Z-cam-cm-sWp ]dn-p-v. ^mnl: 7, _Jd: 169, 257, A-Bw: 112, AAvdm^v: 146147 kq-fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
203.A-h-cpsS Bh-iy-{]-Im-cw \o Ahsmcp ZrjvSmwsImp hnns-n Ah tNmZn-pw, \o \n\mbn Hcp ZrjvSmw sXc-s-Spm--sXv? Ah-tcmSp ]d-bp-I, \nbw Rm Fs \mY-\n\nv
F\nv Znhy-k-t-i-ambn e`n-p-Xv ]n]-ph am{X-am-Ip-p. CXv
\n-fpsS DS-a-bn\np Dm-gvN-Zmb-Ihpw, hnizm-kn-I-fmb Hcp
P\-Xv kamKhpw Imcp-Wy-hp-am-Ip-p.
Ckvdm-Av: 82, Jp-B ]n]-p hnizm-kn-Iv AXn Imcp-Wyhpw
tcmK-i-a-\-hp-apv, Fm AXp Inn-bnp D]-tbm-Kn-msX Xn--d-bp A{Ian-IXv \jvSa-msX hn-n-p-I-bn- Fp ]d-n-p-v. ^pzn-e-v: 44
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Xu_: 125, X-fpsS lrZ-b--fn tcmK-ap I]-S-hn-izm-knIv Jp-B amen-\y-n-\p-ta amen-\y-a-msX hn-n-p-Ibnspw, Ah
Jp-B aqSn-sh \ntj-[n-I-fmbnsmpXs acn-p-Ibpw sNpsav ]d-np-v. ABw: 104, 124, AAvdm^v: 35-37, 52, hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
204. Jp-B ]mcm-bWw sN-s-m \n-fXv {in-p-tIp-Ib
- pw au\w
Zon-p-Ibpw sNp-hn--\n- A\p-{K-ln--s-SpI Xs thW-sa-Xn\p thn.
hnizm-kn-I-tfm-Sp I-\-bmWv Jp-B Ftm FhnsS HmXn tIn-s-mepw {inp tIp-Ibpw au\w Zon-p-Ibpw sN-W-sa-v. \a-kvImc-n Camw JpBt\m-Xp-tm ]np-S-cph IqsS HmXmsX {in-p-tIpIbpw, lrZbwsImv {]Xn-I-cn-p-I-bp-amWv th-Xv. Cu kz`mhw e`n-m JpB\ns Bi-b-a-dn-b A-a- \n_--am-Wv. AXp-sIm-mWv \a-kvIm-cn-em-sW-n-epw Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX \n Jp-B-t\m-X-cp-Xv Fv \_n ]Tn-nXv. Bibw Adn-v {]Xn-I-cnpsIm-p Jp-B ]mcm-b-W-n-\mWp Xnem-
AAvdm^v (7)
89
hv Fp-]-d-bp-Xv. _-Jd: 44 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Jp-B tIp-tm

Bibw Adn-bm-Xp ImcWw {]Xn-I-cn-m-Xn-cp-m tI Jp-B\pw sXmenIfpw \msf hn[n-Zn-hkw Ah-s\-Xn-cm-bnv kmyw hln-p--Xm-sWv CkvdmAv: 36, ^pzn-e-v: 19-24 kq--fn ]d--np-v. _Jd: 285 Ankm-Av: 43,
ABw: 36, AAvdm^v: 26, 157158 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
205.\o \ns \mYs\ \^vkp-sImv AXyw Xmgva-tbm-SpIqSnbpw `btmSpIqSnbpw hmp-I D-cn-msX, {]`mXfnepw {]tZmj--fnepw
kvacn-p-I. \o Hcnepw {]-b--h-cn s]p-t]mhp-Ibpacp-Xv.
Am-lp-hns\ {]`m-X--fnepw {]tZmj--fn-epw kvacn-p-I Fp ]d-m
{]`mX{]tZm-j-t`-Z-at\y Fm-bvtmgpw lrZbwsImv kvacn--W-sa-pw {]`mX-nepw {]tZm-j-nepw {]tXyInpw kvacn--W-sa-pamWv. Ben-Cw-dm: 190191
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. bqkp-^v: 3, Cu Jp-B e`n-p--Xn\papv \o(\_n) {]b--h Xs-bm-bn-cp-sp ]d-n-p-v. ChnsS \o {]-b--h-cn s]p-t]mI-cp-sXv ]d--Xns hnh-, Jp-B-\ns Bibw kan-p Amlp,
s\p-I-fpsS Ah Adn-bp-- bpn-m-\nbpw {XnIm-e-m-\nbpamWv
Fncns "\mhp- s Imv ]d- mte Amlp tIp- I - b pq' Fv
[cnphcn \o DsScpXv FmWv. Atm ChnsS Jp-B Inn-bXn\ptijw {]-b--h\mI-cp-sX-pw, kZm "Amlv' F kvacW \ne-\nn
Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn Pohn--W-sa-p-amWp {]hm-N-I-t\mSpw hnizm-kn-ItfmSpw In-p--Xv. bmko: 6, Cu Jp-B Ah-X-cn-n-n-p--Xv, XfpsS ]nXm-am-cm ap-dn-bnv \I-s-Sm-Xv ImcWw {]-b HcpP\Xsb
XmoXv\Im-\mWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
\a- k v I m- c - n Jp- B HmXpsXmgnsI ap {]m- \ - I - s fmw
lrZbwsImmWv \n-ln-t--Xv. Jp-B-\m-h-s, Bibw Adn-bmsX \a-kvImc-n-em-sW-nepw icn, HmXn-bm hnn\nv Ap-sX-dnp t]mIp- thK-n
Zo\n\nv sXdnpt]mIp-sav \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. \a-kvIm-c-n\p tij-ap
{]m-I\fpw lrZbwsImmWv {]mn-t--Xv. AmsX "Ah-cpsS \a-kvImchpw {]m-\-bp-samw Bpw hnfn-bp-a-msXb' Fp- am apivcnp-Isfpdnv A^m: 35 ]d--Xp-t]m-se Bbn-cn--cp-Xv. Fm Cv temIsmbnS--fnepap apkvenwI Ckvem-an\p app Pmln-en--n-t\-m
IqSp-X Pmln-en--n-tep t]mbn-p-sv Jp-B-\ns\ DIm-gvNm-Zm-b-I-ambn
D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-bm a\-n-em-Ip--Xm-Wv. ^mnl: 4, _Jd: 152, An-kmAv: 103, AAvdm^v: 175179 t\mp-I
206.\n-bw \ns \mYs ASp-ph Hcn-epw Ah\p C_m-Zv sNp-Xn\nvA-h-\p-thn am{Xw tkhn-p--Xn\nvAl--cnp
]nn-cn-bp-hc. Ah Ahs\ hmgvp--h-cpw, Ahs apn
kmjvSmwKw {]W-an-p--h-cp-am-Ip-p.
90
JpB\ns Bmhv
Am-lp-hns kmao-]yw knn-n-p ae-p-I-fpsS kz`mhw kZm Am-lphn\p hgn-s-Sp-Ibpw, Ahs\ {]Ion-p-sImv Ahs apn kp-PqZv sNpIbp-amWv. krjv-Sn-I-fn shv Ah-sc-m DX ]Z-hn-bp, Am-lp-hns
{]mXn-\n[yw hln-p a\p-jy-cns hnizm-kn-I, Ahs apn kpPqZv
sNp--Xn at-sXmcp krjv-Sn-tb-mfpw ap]-n-bn-em-bn-cn-p--XmWv. Amlp-hns ASn-a--n\nv hyXn-N-en-p-Xv ]nim-Nns kz`mh-am-Wv, AXns
ê-am-Is A[:]X-\hpw lo\Xbp-am-Wv. Atm tabpw al-Xzhpw {]Xo-np hnizm-kn-I ]nim-Nns kz`mhw hnv ae-pIsf-m, Am-lp-hns
kmao-]yw- t\-Sp--Xn\v thn aptmv hcp--XmWv. A-c-m Xs-bmWv hnNmc-W-bn-msX kzK-n {]th-in-p apI-S--h Xm bmsXmcp Almcnepw s]p-t]m-bn-n-s-pw, {kjvSm-hn-s\ hg-p-Xn \np hyXn-N-enp--h-\-spw Ah\pthn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-\m-sWpw Ahs apn
am{Xw Xe-Ip-\n-p--h-\m-sWpw {]h\wsImv sXfn-bn-pIbmWv kpPq-Zv
sImv Dt-in-p--Xv.
kPZ: 15 Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw \psS kq--fn hniz-kn-p-h, Ah-sImv Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn DWn-bm XfpsS
\mYs apn Ahs\ hmgvn-smpw kvXpXn-psImpw kpPq-Zn hogp-Xm-Wv. Ah Hcn-epw Al--cnv ]nXn-cnv \np-I-bp-an. kqd: ln
cv kpPq-ZpI-fptm, AXv \n_-a
- tWm, Fv \_n-tbmSv tNmZn-t- m, "AsX,
kpPqZv sNm km[n-m--h B kq- ]cm-bWw sN-cpXv' FmWv
\_n ]Tn-n--Xv. lv: 1819 Amlp ]d-bpp: \o Int? \nbw Amlp,
BIm-i--fnepw `qan-bn-epap Fmhcpw Ah\v kpPqZv sNpp. kqcy\pw N{\pw \-{X--fpw ]-X--fpw ac--fpw arK-fpw Fm Poh-Pm-efpw \nc-h[n
a\p-jycpw in _m[-I-amb [mcmfw t]cpw Ah\v kpPqZv sNp-p. Bsc-bmtWm
Amlp \ny-\m-n-bXv Ah\v am\yX \Im Bcp-ap-m-Ip-I-bn-. \nbw
Amlp Ah-\p-t-in-p-Xv {]hn-p-p. Cu cv hn`m-K-amWv X-fpsS
\mYs apn Xn-p-I. Atm \ntj-[n-Iv Xobm-ep hkv{Xw apdn-p-Xm-Wv. Npp-s]m-p shw Xev apI-fn tImcn-sm-cn-bp-X
- p-amWv. Atm
\n_-n-Xm-h--bn kpPqZv sNp \ntj[nIpw \c-Iw-X-s-bm-Wv. _Jd:
186 t\mp-I.
Jp-B-\n 15 CS--fn kpPq-Zns m\-fp-v. Chn-sS-p-SmsX dAvZv:15,
Alv: 50, Ckvdm-Av: 109, adnbw: 58, lv:18, 77, ^pJm: 60, \wev: 26, kPZ:15.
kzmZv: 24, ^pzn-ev: 38, APvav: 62, Cin-JmJv: 21, AeJv: 19 Fnhbm-W-h.
B e--fnsmw kpPqZv sN \n_--hpamWv. AAvdm^v, A-Pvav, AeJv
Fn-h-bn kqd-ns Ah-km-\-n-emWv kpPqZv hcpXv.
\_n Nne-tm JpXp_ \n-ln-p-sImncn-p-tm-gmWv kpPq-Zns kqw
hcp--sX-n, an-dn\nv Cdnhp kpPqZv sNp-Ibpw hopw an-dn
Ibdn JpXp_ XpS-cp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-p. PpapA \a-kvIm-c-n\v JpXp_ \n-
AAvdm^v (7)
91
lnp sImn-cns kzmZv: 24mw kqw HmXn-b-tm \_n an-dn\nv

Cdnhp kpPqZv sNp-Ibpw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw kpPqZv sNp-Ib
- p-apm-bn. asmcn {]kvXpX kqw HmXn-b-tm A\pbm-bn-I kpPq-Zn\p Xm-dm-Ip-Xv
I \_n an-dn\nv Cdnhp kpPqZv sNp-I-bpw, hopw an-dn Ibdn,
ZmhqZv \_np \n_-hpw \apv \n{]IS\ns kpPq-Zp-amWv Chn-Ss
kpPq-sZv ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
\a-kvIm-c-nse kpPq-Zn-teXpt]mse hpfp Dm-bn-cn-p-I, Jzn_vep apnSpI XpS-nb hyh--I-sfmpw Cu kpPq-Zn-\v \n_--an. Fhn-sS-sh-mtWm
Jp-B HmXnsImv kpPqZns m\-s-p--Xv AhnsSshv B Ah-bn DSs\ kpPq-Zn hogpIbmWv thXv. Am-lp-hns apn hogpI FmWv
kpPqZvsImv ey-an-Sp--Xv. Fm hml\w HmSnv sImn-cn-p Bfp-I
Zni-sbm-pw ]cn-K-Wn-msX Xe-Ip-\n-p-I-I-sb-nepw thWw. AXp Nne-tm
]Sn-m-dn\p ]Icw Ingp `mK-t-m-sWnepw icn.
Xnem-h-ns kpPqZv am{X-amWv H kpPq-Zm-bn-p--Xv, _mn \a-kvIm-c-fn-ep kpPqZpI-sfmw cm-Wv. Ah-km\Imev AhcpsS Hscm kpPqZv,
`qanbpw Ah-bn-ep-Xpsamw e`n-p--Xn-t\-m Ahv DIr-jvSam-bn-cn-psav \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. AsX, l-p hnZm-C shv Jp-B AW--p]-tbm-Knp ISnp]nSn-p Pohn--W-sap \_n ]Tn-nXpw kvac-Wo-b-am-Wv.
Atm Jp-B Xnem-hp sNbvXv, Xnem-h-ns kpPqZv sNbvXp Pohn-p-IbmWv ]c-a-{]-[m-\w. AYhm Cukm \_n h-tijw B amK-am-bn-cnpw \S-nem-p-I. kqd: AeJv Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, \o kpPqZv sNp-I, kmao]yw t\Sp-I
F I-\-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snbm-Wv. kpPq-Zn-emWv ASna DS-a-bp-ambn Ghpw ASp--e-sav \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v.
Xnem-h-ns kpPq-Zn "AXyp--X-\mb Fs \mYm, \o ]cn-ip- Xsbm-Wv' Fp aqp {]mhiyw Am-lp-hns\ hmgvnb-Xn-\p-tijw Am-lp-th,
Rm \n\- p- t hn kpPqZv sNbv X p, \nssmv hniz- k np, \n\v
kmWw sNbvXp, Rms\s apJwsImv \n\v kpPqZv sNbvXp, AXns\
\obmWv krjvSn-Xv, AXns\ \o cq]-s-Sp-n-bn-cn-p-p, AXns cq]w \o Ghpw
`wKn-bm-n-bn-cn-p-p, AXn \o tIhnbpw ImgvNbpw Iodn-bn-cn-p-p. Atm
krjvSnIm--fn Ghpw `wKn-bmbn krjvSn-p Amlp A\p-{K-k-q\-mIpp. Fv {]mn-t--Xm-Wv.
ae-p-I-tfmSp tNn kpPqZv ]d-bp ev "R-fp-sSbpw ae-p-I-fpsSbpw Pn_vcoen-sbpw DS-a-bmb \mY, hmgven-\pw Io-\-n\pw ]cn-ipn-pw Al Xs-bm-Wv'. Fpw l-v: 76se t]mse kpPqZv sNm
In-p-sIm-p kq-am-sW-n, Am-lp-th, Rsf Ip\n-bp--hcpw
kmjvSmwKw {]W-an-p--h-cpw, \n\-p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-cpw, Rsf
\ns kvXpXn-p--h-cpw, \ns hmgvp--h-cp-w Bt-W-ta. \ns al-mb
92
JpB\ns Bmhv
Imcp-Wyw(Jp-B) -sImv hnP-bn-I-tfm-sSmw -Rsf kzK-n {]th-in-np-Ibpw sNt-W-ta, Hm, IcpW sNp--h-cn Ghpw \mbn IcpW sNp-ht\ FpamWv {]mn-t--Xv. Am-lp-hns\ hmgvp coXn a\-n-em-p-Xn\v _Jd: 33 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
93
A^m (8)
8. A A^m
_Zv bp-tmS-\p-_-nv lnPvd 2--mw hj-n aZo-\-bn Ah-X-cn-n-p- kq-fmWv Cu kqdn AS-n-bn-cn-p--Xv. samw 75 kq--fm-Wv
CXnep--Xv. hnizmkw hnn-m Jp-B kq- Xnem-hv sNp-IbmWv GIhgnsbpw, Ah-c-hv \Inb Fm A\p-{K-l-fpw D]-tbm-K-sSpn kzKw ChnsS ]Wn-bp-I-bmWv Pohn-X-e-ysapw ]Tn-n-p-p. hnizm-knI-fn Ah-cpsSbpw lrZ-b-n-sbpw CS-bn-em-Wv Amlp DXv Fv a\-nemn Ftmgpw "Amlv' F kvac-W-bn \ne-sIm--W-sa-pw, {]tXy-Inv
bp-th-f-bn Am-lp-hns\ [mcm-f-ambn kvacn-Wsapw, Am-lp-hn-\p-thn
ASn- b p- d v \ne- s Im- - W - s a- pw Nqn- m- W n- pp. kzw Ign- h n- e pw
ss[cysscyfnepw Al--cn-msX, Ftmgpw Am-lp-hn-s\ B{i-bnp
sImv Pohn-p--h-cpw, Ah\pthn am{Xw bpw sNp--h-cp-am-I-W-sav
\ntZ-i-npp.
bp-ap-X-ens\pdnv Amlp hn[n\Ip-p. Am-lp-hns kzm-WXv, AXv \n-fpsS kz-sav IW-m--cp-Xv. AXn Amlp \nmbn
\n-bn hnlnXw \n-]qw kzoI-cnpsIm-p-I. Am-lp-hns amK-n-epw
]mh-s-h
- sc klm-bn-p-X
- nepw \on-sh hnlnXw a\:kwXr-]vXn-tbmsS \IpIbpw sNp-I. bphpw knbpw kw_-nv hnizm-kn-I ]men-t acymZIfpw hyh--Ifpw {]Xn-]m-Znnp Cu kqdn, Aapkvenw \mSp-I-fn Pohnp hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv apkvenw cmjv{S-v ssIsIm-m-hp \b-fpw hniZo-I-cn-n-pv. Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp apivcnp-ItfmSpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfmSpw PqXam-tcmSpw bp-n XS-hp-Im-c--s-htcmSp-samw Fs\ s]cp-am-d-W-sapw A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sN-W-sapw ]Tnn-p-p.
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-amb Am-lp-hns \mawsImv
1. bp-ap-X-ens\pdnv \ntmSv Ah tNmZn-p-p-, ]d-bp-I: bp-ap-Xep-I Am-lp-hn\pw {]hm-N-I-\p-ap--Xm-Ip-p. Atm \n Amlp-hns\ kqn-p-I-bpw, \nn-S-bn _w \m-p-Ibpw sNphn. \n hnizm-kn-I-fm-sW-n Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs ZqXs\bpw A\p-k-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-hn.
lnPvd 2mw hj-w da-fm-\n\S _Zvbpw, apl-Zv \_n-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-
94
JpB\ns Bmhv
n\S BZys bp- a m- b n- c pp. B bp- n e`n bp- - a p- X - e p-I(A^m) `mKn-p-X
- ns\pdnv Ahn-Sb
- n X-ap-m-bn. AXn\papv
bp-\n-b-a-sfpdntm {]tXy-Inv bp-ap-X-ens\pdntm \ntZ-i- AhX-cn-n-p-m-bn-cp-n-. Pmln-enm k{-Zm-b-a-\p-k-cnv bp-ap-X AXv e`n-p-hp--Xm-bn-cpp. i{Xp-sf ]np-ScmsX bp-ap-X hmcn-q-nbhmWv
AXv e`n-tsX-pw, AX; i{Xp-sf ]np-Sv Xpc-n-b-hpw AXnsemcp hnlnXw e`n--W-sapw X-ap-m-b-tm Am-lp- AXv kw_-np \nbaw Ah-X-cnn-p-I-bmWv. bp-ap-X bYm-n Am-lp-hn\pw
Ahs dkq-en-\p-ap--Xm-Wv. bp-n, \n h[n--tm \n Bscbpw
h[n-n-n-, Fm Am-lp-hmWv h[n--sX-v kqw 17 ]d-bp-p. hnizmkn-I kzXm]-cy- ap\nn Hpw- {]-hn-p-I-bn-, adnv Am-lphnsbpw {]hm-N-I-sbpw Xm]-cy-mWv apK-W\ \IpI. AXp-sImmWv \n hnizm-kn-I-fm-sW-n Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs ZqX-s\bpw A\pk-cn-pIbpw \nn-S-bn-ep _- \mnop-Ibpw sNp-I
Fp]d-Xv. lpP-dm-v: 15-, \n-b-ambpw apAvan\o Am-lp-hn-s\smpw Ahs ZqX-s\-smpw hniz-kn--h-cpw, ]ns Ah-cpsS hnizm-kn Nmm-an-m--h-cpw, X-fpsS k-p-sIm-pw ico-cw-sImpw Amlp-hns amK-n PnlmZv sNp--h-cp-am-Ip-p. Aq- Xs-bm-Wv kXy-kam Fp-]-d-n-p-v. A^m: 41 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. ^mnl: 6, Ben-Cwdm: 28-33, AnkmAv: 80 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
2. \n-bw- hnizm-kn-I, Am-lp-hns\pdnv Hman-n-sm AhcpsS
lrZ-b- {]I-n-X-amIphcpw, Ah-cp-sS-ta Ahs kq-
hni-Zo-I-cn-sm AhcpsS hnizmkw hn-p-hcpw, Ah- kkzw X-fpsS \mY-\n `c-tan-p-h-cp-am-Ip-p.
lv: 3435 Am-lp ]d-bpp: - a\-km--hm-Nm--IWm Am-lp-hn\v
kan hnizm-kn-I-v ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-p-I. Am-lp-hns\pdnv
Hmn-n--s-Sp-tm lrZbw {]I-n-X-am-Ip-Ibpw Xsf _m[n-p {]Xnk-n-I a-tbmsS XcWw sNp-Ibpw \a-kvImcw \ne-\np-Ibpw Ahv
\mw \Inb hn`-h--fn \nv sNe-h-gnvsImtbncn-p-Ibpw sNp--h-cmWv
Ah- Fp ]d-npv. kpa: 1718 Amlp ]d-bpp: Atm Fs ASna-Iv ktm-jh
- m Adn-bn-p-I. Fs hN\w {in-p-tIp-Ibpw AXns\
Ghpw \ \ne-bn ]n]-p-Ibpw sNp--h-cm-Ip-p Ah. Aq--sc-bm-Ipp
Amlp kamK-n-em-n-bn-cn-p-Xv, Ah Xs-bm-Ipp _pn-amam-cpw.
_Jd: 152 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. kpa: 22 X-fpsS lrZ-b- Jp-B\ns Bibw
sIms Inh-cm-Ipp hy-amb hgn-tI-Sn, Ahm-Ipp k-\miw Fpw
23 Amlp Ghpw \ h-am-\-an-dnBhnv hcp D]-am-e-m-c--fS-nb {KwX-fpsS \mYs\ `b-s-Sp--h-cpsS sXmen-I AXp-sImv
tcmamwsIm-pp. ]noSv Ah-cpsS sXmen-Ifpw lrZ-b-fpw "Amlv' F
A^m (8)
95
kvac-W-bn ebnv ab-s-Spp. AXm-Ipp Am-lp-hns kamKw. Amlp

Dt-in-p--hsc AXvsImv-Jp-B\ns Bibw sImvkamK-n-te-mpp. Bsc-bmtWm Amlp hgn-t-Sn-em-n-bXv Atm Ah-s\mcp amKZi-I\pw C-X-s Fpw ]d-n-pv.
\n-e-amb H hnizmkw. 6236 kq--fpsS Inc-W-- IqSn-tcptmgmWv AXv ]qn-bmIpI. hnizmkw hn-pI Jp-B\ns Bi-bwsImv am{X-amWv. _Jd: 186, An-km-Av: 174175 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Amlp-hn-ep hnizmkw cq]-s-Sm\pw Cuam hn-m-\p-ap--XmWv Jp-B\ns
samw Bi-bw. AYhm Bm-hns `-Whpw hkv{XhpamWXv. kzKnshp Fm Bm-hn\pw Amlp Jp-B ]Tn-n-n-psv Adlvam:
14 ]d-bp-p. B ]Tn-n Imcyw DWn kvacn-n-p--Xn-s\-bmWv AnIv
Fp-]-d-bp--Xv. ln-Pv: 6,9, bmko: 11, 69, kzmZv: 1,8, An-bm-Av: 50, Ja: 17
kq- Iqn-hmbnp-I. Cu ZnIvdn \nmWv ]nimNv XS-bpI. Bi-b-anmsX Jp-B-\ns icocw Xnp-tm ]nimNv AXn\p t{]mmln-n-p-I-bmWv
sNp-I, ImcWw AXp-hgn hnn\nv Av sXdnp t]mIp-Xpt]mse Ah
Zo\n\nv sXdnpt]mIp-sapw, ]mcm-bWw sNbvX Jp-B Ah-s\-Xnsc hmZnpIbpw kmn-\np-Ibpw sNp-sapw \_n ]Tn-n-n-cn-pp. Alv:
98-100 Iqn-hm-bn-pI.
Ben-Cw-dm: 190-191, AAvdm^v: 170 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
3. Ah \a-kvImcw \ne-\np--h-cpw, Ahv \mw \In-b hn`-hfn\nv sNe-h-gnpsImt-bncnp--h-cpam-Ipp.
{]m-\I-p-cw Inm\pw \a-kvImcw t\mv XpS-nb I- kzoIcn--s-Sm\pw _Jd: 186 cp hyh--I ]d--np-v. kPZ: 15-16 Amlp
]d-bpp: \n-b-w hnizm-kn-I, Jp-B kq- lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn
Hman-n-m kpPq-Zn hogp-I-bpw X-fpsS \mYs\ kpXp-Xn-p-sImv ]cn-ip-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp-Xm-Wv. Ah Hcn-epw Al--cnv ]nn-cnp \np-h-c-. Ah Ah-cpsS hncn-p-I-fn\nv, X-fpsS \mYs\ `b-tm-Sp-IqSnbpw {]Xo--tbm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw {]mn-p--Xn-\p-thn Fgptv hcp--hcpw, \mw
Ahv \In-b hn`-h--fn\nv sNe-h-gn-psImt-bncnp--h-cpam-Ipp.
Ghpw \ hn`hw Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw-X-s-b-Wv. Aplm: 11 Atm
\ns \mYs A\p-{Klw \o {]Jym-]n-p-I Fv ]d-Xv Jp-B-\ns Bibw
{]Jym-]n-m-\m-Wv. amCZ: 67 Iqn-hm-bn-pI. A--Im-kp: 8 Amlp ]d-bpp:
]ns Fm A\p-{K-l
- s
- f-p-dnpw tNmZyw sN-s-Spw, AXp-sImv Fm- Hmtcm
Imcysp-dnpw, \nan-j-s-p-dnpw Am-lp-hns apn Dcw ]d-b-Wsa t_m[-tm-Sp-IqSn ^pJm-\mb Jp-B-\ns\ Xpem-kmbn D]-tbm-Kn-p-sImv
PohnXw apgp-h C_m-Z-mn amp-IbmWv hnizm-kn-I sNp-I. Jp-B\ns
Bibw ]Tn-m\pw ]Tn-n-m\pw Fm A\p-{K-l-fpw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp--emWv
96
JpB\ns Bmhv
tNmZyw sN-s-Sm hn[-n PohnXw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m-\p GIamKw.

Jp-B\ns Imcy-n Fs\ sNe-h-gn-mepw AXv \m-tf-p km-Zy-ambn
tcJ-s-Sp-pI Xs sNpw. _Jd: 25, 285-286 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
4. Aq- Xs-bm-Ipp bYm kXy-hn-izm-kn-I. Ahv XfpsS \mYs ] am\yamb ]Z-hn-Ifpw ]m]-tam-N-\hpw am\y-amb
hn`-h--fp-ap-v.
bYm-n-ep hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kz`m-h-amWv apI-fn D-cn cp kq-fneqsS Amlp ]Tn-n--Xv. Aq- Xs-bm-Ipp bYm kXy-hn-izm-knI Fv ChnsSbpw A^m: 74epw ]d-n-p-v. Fn, Aq-c
- mWv bYmn-ep \ntj-[n-I-sfv Jp-B-\n An-km-Av: 150-151 am{Xsa ]d-npq. Ah-cpsS kz`m-h--v t\tcFXn-cmWv ChnsS hnh-cn hnizmkn-I-fpsS
kz`m-h-sav ImWmw. Ah-cpsS Imcyn \o ap-dn-bnv \I-epw \Im-Xn-cnepw ka-amWv Ah hniz-kn-p-Ib
- n. \nbw BcmtWm Jp-B\
- ns Bibw
]n]-p-I-bpw, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is\ ImWmsXIv `b-s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-Xv Ahsc
am{X-am-Wv \o DWpI, Atm Ah\v ]m]-tam-N-\hpw- am\y-amb hn`-h--fpap-v Fv ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-p-I Fv bmko: 10-11 kq--fn ]dn-p-v. ^pJm: 68-70, hIp---fns], A-m-lp-hn-t\m-sSmw asmcp
Cem-lns\ hnfnp {]mn-p-I, \ymbw IqSmsX Amlp \njn--am-nb
\^vkns\ h[n-p-I, hy`n-N-cn-pI Fo aqv Ip- sNbvXh, Ip-Ir-Xyn hoWp-I-gn-p. Jnbm-a-p\mfn Ahv in Cc-n-np sImSp-pw,
AXn Ah imiz-X-cmbn \ny-cmbn IgnpIqSp-Ibpw sNpw. Fm
BcmtWm ]m--]np tJZnp aS-p-Ibpw hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-p-Ibpw
kI- [mcm-f-ambn {]hn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv, Atm Aq--cpsS
Xn-I-sfmw Amlp \-I-fmn ampXm-Wv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Jp-B\ns
Bibw e`n-m--Xns t]cn Ip- sNp-I-bpw, ]noSv Jp-B\ns
Bibw a\-n-emn Ipw Xncn--dnp Am-lp-hn-t\mSv lrZbwsImv Xpdp]dbp-Ibpw, tijw Ip-Ir-Xy- sNm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw, ap--hcn\npw Acw
Ip-Ir-Xy hcm-Xn-cn-m thn Ahv Jp-B\ns Bibw Fn-p-sImSp-p-Ibpw, AXphgn Ah Ip-Ir-Xy--fn\nv amdn-\np-Ibpw sNbvXm,
Ch sNbvX Xn-I-sfmw \-Ifmbn amdp-Ibpw, Ah\v \- sNm IqSp-X
Ah-kcw e`npI-bpw sNp--Xm-Wv. B \-I-fpsS t]cn A[n-I-cn {]Xnêhpw m\-am-\-fpw e`n-p--Xp-amWv. An-km-Av: 85 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
Atm Bsc-nepw {]Xm-]hpw m\hpw At\z-jn-p-p-s-n, Ah
Jp-B ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNpIhgn Am-lp-hn-emWv At\z-jn-t-Xv. kpa: 36 Amlp ]d-bpp: Amlp t]msctbm Ahs ASn-av?
Ah-s\-q-Sm-sX-bp--h-sc-sm-v \ns Ah `b-s-Spp-p-h-tm. BscbmtWm Amlp hgn-]n-g-n-Xv, Ahs\ kamK-n-em-p Bcpw Xs-bn-
A^m (8)
97
. AYhm Jp-B\pw Am-lphpw HmWv(B-en-Cw-dm: 101)- Fn-cns, Cv

Jp-B am{Xw aXntbm Fv tNmZn-p--hv "Jp-B aXn'FmWv Cu
kqw adp-]Sn \Ip--Xv. Jp-B e`n--h Am-lp-hn-s\-b-msX am-tcbpw
`b-s-Sm ]mSn-s-pw, `b-s-p-I-gn-m Ah hgn-]n-g-spw Cu kqw
]Tn-n-p-p. kpa: 41- Amlp ]d-bpp: \n-b-w \nsta Cu {K-an-dn-bXv kXy-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. Atm BcmtWm AXp-]-tbm-K-s-Spn kXyn-em-b-Xv, AXv A-hp-thn Xs-bm-Wv. BcmtWm AXns\ Ah-K-WnXv,
AXns tZmjhpw B Bm-hn\v Xs-bm-Wv. \ns Ah-cp-S-ta ssIIm-cyIm-shm-p-amn-bn-n-. kpa: 53-55, apIv: 12 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
An-km-Av: 17-18, 139, amCZ: 54, AAvdm^v: 203, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
5. \ns \mY \ns ey-tm-Sp-IqSn \ns hon\nv ]pd-s-Sp-hnXpt]mse, \n-bw AXv, kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fn Hcp hn`m-K-n\v shdpp--Xp-X-sbm-bn-cppshn-epw.
6. kXy-ns Imcy-n AXphfsc hy-am-bn--gn-npw \ntmSv
Ah Xn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. t\mnsImn-cn-s acWn-tev sXfn-sSpXv t]mse-.
_Zv bp-n\v ssha-\-kytmsS ]pd-s-, hnizm-k-n _e-lo-\cmbh Xs-bmbncpp bp-ap-X-en-s\-p-dv Xn-p-sIm-n-cp--Xpw. AXmbXv B]-c-amb k`-sf kXy-ns t]cn ktm-j-tm-Sp-IqSn t\cntS-- hnizm-kn-I, _Zvbp--n-\p-thn ]pd-s-Sm In--s--tm
AhXv XnIpw Atcm-N-I-ambn tXmn-bn-cp-p. hnizmkw ]q-am-Im-Xns t]cn ]c-tem-I-n\v ta Cl-tem-I-n\v {][m\yw sImSp Ah
Xs-bmWv bp-n\v tijw bp-ap-XepI e`n--tm AXns Imcy-nepw
Xn-p-sIm-n-cp-Xv. B kzv \n-tmNw hnp-sIm-Sp--W-sapw Xkw_--amb Am-lp-hns hn[n Imn-cn--W-sa-pw In-s--tm kzt-m {]hm-N-I\v m\w \tInbn-cp Ahv AXpw Atcm-N-I-ambn
A\p-`h
- s
- -Sp-Ib
- m-Wp-m-bX
- v. I-hS- k
- w-Ln\p]Icw Bbp-[a
- W
- n Jpssdin
]Ssb t\cn-Sp-Xn\v In--s--tm \nX,v Ip-sImv ac-W-n-tev sXfn--s-Sp--Xvt]mse tXmn. Fm Am-lp-hn-sbpw {]hm-NIsbpw
I\ \S-n hcp-n-b-tmtgm AXv \np Pohn-Xnte-p hnfnbmbn
amdn. _Jd: 243 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Al-vkm-_v: 18-, \n-fpsS Iq-n-ep bp-n-\p-t]mImsX Ipn-bn-cnp-hscbpw, X-fpsS ktlm-Z-c--tfmSv R-fpsS
IqsS-hv Ipnbn-cn-p-hn Fp-]-dbp--h-scbpw Amlp Adn-np-v.
Npcpw t]c-m-sX bp-ns\ t\cn-Sm Xm-dmhpI-bn-. 19-, \ns-Xncn ]nipv ImWn-p--h-cm-bn-cnpw Ah. As\ bp-`bw hm Ah
\ns Dp-t\m-p--Xmbn \n\pImWmw. ac-W-sh-{]mfw ImWn-p Hcm-sftmse AhcpsS Ip-I Id-n-sm-n-cn-pw. Fm bp-`bw \on-tm-
98
JpB\ns Bmhv
bmtem, [\-n Zptamlw ]q-h-cm-bn-smv aq-tb-dnb \mhp-IsImv
Ah \nsf Ipn-dbp-Ibpw sNpw. A-c-m hniz-kn-n-n-. AXn-\m
Amlp Ah-cpsS I- \njv^-e-am-n-bn-cnp-p. AXv Am-lp-hns\
kw_-n-n-S-tmfw \nm-c-am-sbmcp Imcy-am-Ip-p. _Jd: 216, An-km-Av: 77
7. cm-semcp kwLs \ntfmSv Amlp hmKvZw sNpI-bpw,
Fm Bbp-[-_-e-an-m kwLsZp-_e hn`m-Kst\cn-Sm
\n B{K-ln-p-Ibpw sNbvX k`w Hmt-Xm-Wv. ]t
Amlp Xs hN-\-sImv kXys kXy-ambn ImWn-m-\pw,
\ntj-[n-I-fpsS thc-dppIfbm-\p-am-Wv Dt-in--Xv.
A_q-kp-^-vbms t\Xr-Xz-n, kndn-b-bn\nv a-bn-tev Xncnphcp
\mtXmfw hcp Imh `Sam-c-S-n-bn-p I-h-S-kwLw; As-n Ahsc
cn-p--Xn\pthn a-bn\nv A_q-Pm-ln-ens t\Xr-Xz-n ]pd-s
bp-\n-]p-Wam-cmb Bbn-c-tmfwhcp kwLw. CXm-bn-cpp B cv kwL. CXn ssha-\-ky-tm-Sp-IqSn bp-n\v ]pd-s-, hnizm-kw Ipd BfpI B{K-ln-Xv bpmbp-[-fpw kwL-_-e-hp-an-m I-h-S-kw-L-tmSv Gpap-m-\mWv. Fm Amlp Ahs kwLssImv \ntj-[n-I-fpsS thc-dpm-\mWv Dt-in--Xv. AYhm sNdnb kwLssImv henbXpw Bbp[_e-ap-Xp-amb kwLtmSv Gp-ap-n-nv AXn henb kwL-n\v ]cm-Pbw \IpI
hgn Am-lp-hns kwLs AXn-P-bn-n-m-\mWv Amlp Dt-in--Xv. BenCw-dm: 10-13, 173 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
8. kXys kXyambn ]pem\pw anYysb anYy-bmbn \in-n-m\pw
thn-bmWXv. Nnn-m {`mamv AsX{X Atcm-NI-am-bn-cpmepwicn.
kXyhpw anYybpw Xn-ep BZys t]mcm--am-bn-cpp _Zv bpw.
kXys kXy-ambn ImWn-m\pw anYysb anYy-bmbn \in-n-m-\p-amWv Amlp
AXp-ap-tJ\ Dt-in--Xv. Fm-a-dn-nv Xn--d {`mamv CjvS-an-m
Imcy-am-sW-nepw icn. ChnsS am apivcnp-IsfpdnmWv {`mam Fp]-d-Xv, Ah-cpsS `mj-bn-emWv Jp-B Cd-n-b-Xv. Fm Ah Adn-nv
a\-km-np hncp--ambn hop-hn-Nm-c-an-msX Am-lp-hns kwL-amb {]hmN-I-t\mSpw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw hntcm[wshp- ]p-en-bn-cp-hcpw, Ahsc \inn-p--Xn-\p-thn I-sInbnd-n-bhcp-ambncp-p.--.
Cv Jp-B\ns Bibw Adn-np aqSn-sh-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw
Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-msX Jp-B\ns icocw Xnp ]pWyw t\Sm-sav IcpXp ^mPn-dp-I-fp-amWv hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv hntcm[w ]pep _pn D]-tbm-K-sSp-m {`mam. AAvdm^v: 40,173 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I. lJv Jp-B-\m-
A^m (8)
99
Wv, Am--sXmw anYy-bm-Wv. Ckvdm-Av: 81, \o ]d-bp-I: kXyw BK-X-am-bn,

anYy XIp-t]m-bn. \nbw anYy XI-cp-Xv Xs-bm-Ipp Fpw k_-Av:
49 \_n-tbmSpw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw ]d-bm In-p-p: kXyw hv Ign-p.
anYy C\n Xe-s]m-p-Itbm Bhn-pItbm C Fp-w ]-d-n-p-v. \_n
Ftmgpw {]mn-m ]Tn-n-p Am-lp-th, Rv kXyw kXy-ambn
ImWnpXcn-I-bpw, AXns\ ]n]-m A\p-{K-ln-p-Ibpw sNt-W-ta, anYy anYybmbn ImWnpXcn-Ibpw, AXns\ hn-m Rsf A\p-{K-ln-p-Ibpw sNtW-ta, Rsf \o Jp-B ]n]t-hn[w ]n]-p ap-Jo--fmtWta.
9. \n \n-fpsS \mY-t\mSv klmbw tXSn-bXpw Hmt-Xm-Wv.
Atm \nv Ah adp-]-Sn \In\nbw, Rm \nsf Bbncw ae-p-Isf XpSscpSsc Ab-p-sImv in-s-Sp-pI Xs
sNpw.
10. Amlp AsXmcp ip`-hm-b-msX Bn-bn-n-. AXpsImv \nfpsS lrZ- imn t\Sp--Xn\pthnbmIpp. bYm-n Amlp-hn \n-msX klmbsampan-. \nbw Amlp AP--\mb
bpn--\-tm.
BIm-i`
- q-an-If
- n-ep hkvXp-fpw hkvXp-XI
- fpwkw-`h
-
- f
- pwAm-lp-hns
hn[n-b-\p-k-cnv Ahs tat\m--n- am{X-amWv \S-p--Xv. bYm-n
ae-p-Isf Abv klm-bn-t Bhiyw Am-lp-hn-\n-, Ah-s\mcp Imcyw
Dt-in-m "Dm-hpI' Fp-]-d-b-em-Wv. Atm AXp-m-bn--gn-p. Fm
Imcy-fpw \S-n-em-p-Xpw Am-lp-hm-Wv, hnizm-kn-I B t_m[-tm-Sp-IqSn
Ah-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-cm-bn-cn--Ww. bmko: 28-29 Amlp ]dbpp: aqv {]hm-N-Iamsc Ab--s Hcp \mnse P\X, {]hm-N-Iamsc
FXn-tm Ah-cn\nv thdn-p-I-gn-ncp Hcp hnizmkn HmSn-hv "{]hmN-Iamsc ]n]-p-I, Ah \n-tfmSv bmsXmcp {]Xn-^-ehpw tNmZn-p-n-,
Ah kamK-n-ep-amWv' Fp-]-d--tm Ah B hniz-mknsb h[n-p-Ifp. B P\-X-bpsSta \mw At-l-n\ptijw BIm-i-p-\nv Hcp ]mfs Cd-n-bn-n-, \mw As\ Cd-p-h
- \
- p-a
- , AXv Hscm tLmc-K\amsX-bm-bn-cp-n. Atm- Ah- tNX-\-b-v \mam-h-tijambn. Atm Cu
kqn ae-p-Isf Cd-p-sav ]d-bp--Xv hnizm-kn-Iv a\x--am-[m\w
Inp--Xn\pw, Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-- Dd-np \np--Xn\pw thn am{X-am-Wv.
_Jd: 260, Ben-Cw-dm: 125-127, ABw: 109-110, AAv-dm^v: 102 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
11. Ah\n \np imn-\n`-c-amb Hcp ab--w \nsf aqSn-bXpw;
\nsf ipo-Ic
- ntXn-\pw, ]nimNns amen\yw \n-fn-\nv \onI-f-tb--Xn-\pw, \n-fpsS lrZ-b- Iqn-tbm-Pn-n-t--Xn\pw, \nfpsS ]mZ- Dd- np \nt- - X n\pw thn BIm- i p\nv
100
JpB\ns Bmhv
\nv aosX ag hjn-n-Xpw Hmt--Xm-Wv.
Ben-Cw-dm: 154 {]Imcw, DlvZv bpw \S tij-ap cm{Xn-bnepw ITn-\amb òXnbpw hn{`m-nbpw Df-hm-bncp L-n Am-lp hnizm-kn-Iv Ddm Ign-bp-am a\x-im-nbpw kam-[m-\hpw {]Zm\w sNp-I-bp-m-bn. _Zv
bpw \SXns Xte-\m cm{Xn-bp-mb ag-Im-cWw apkvenw-Iv th{X
shw e`n-p. hnizm-kn-I Xmh-f-a-Sn-n-cp--Xv _Zv Xmgvhcbn tate `mKm-bn-cp-Xn\m, ag-sh-w Hgp-In-tm-bXvaqew sNfn]nfnbmhmXncnp-Ibpw
aW-e-ap \ne-ap-d--XmIp-Ibpw sNbvvXp. AXn-\m Ahv A\mbmkmw Imepd-np apt-dm km[n-p. i{Xp- Xmh-f-a-SnXv Xmgv `mK-m-bncp-Xn\m
Ahn-sS-sbmw sNfn-sIn Imev sNfn-bn Bgvpt]mhp-I-bpw, hgpXn hogp-Ibpw
sNp Ah--bpmbn.
"]nimNns amen-\y--'sImp hnh-, apkvenw-I-fpsS lrZ-b-n
]nim-Nns Zpt_m-[-\-m BZy-L--n-ep-mb `bhpw hn{`m-n-bp-amWv. lrZb Iqn-tbm-Pn-n-t--Xn\v Fp-]-d-m, Fmw ad-psImp Dd--w
\In, Ahv A\p-Iq-e-amb kml-N-cy--fpmn, R kXy-n-em-sW
t_m[-ap-m-n, Ahsc GI-\mb Am-lp-hn tI{o-I-cn-n-p-Ibpw Ahsc H
ico-c-sa-smWw GIo-I-cn-n-p-Ibpw sNpI F-m-Wv. As\ Xu_: 111
Amlp Ah-tcmSv sNbvX hmKvZw HmanvsImv, Ahs amKn ckm-nXzw hlnv kzKw t\Sm sh sImp--h-cm-n amn FXpam-Wv.
A^m: 63, Xu_: 125 Iqn-hmbnp-I. \nbw Hcp aXnsI-s-tmWw AWntNv Am-lp-hns amK-n bpw sNp--hsc Amlp C-s-Sp--phtm
Fv Az^v: 4 ]d-np-v. Fm a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw Bmhv Hm-sWv
Xncn--dn hnizm-kn-Iv am{Xta, Hcp aXnsI-s-tmWw sFIy-sSm km[np-I-bp-q. "Amlv' F kvac-W-bp-m-p Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw-sImv
hnizmkn-I-fpsS lrZ-b- Amlp tImn-W-n. Ah Am-lp-hn-\p-thn
am{Xw Pohn-p--h-cmhpIhgn ac-W-`bw Cm--h-cmbn amdp-Ibpw sNbvXp. BenCw-dm: 200, AAv-dm^v: 201 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
12. \ns \mY ae-p-I-tfmSv Znhy-k-tiw \In-b k`w, \nbw
Rm \n-tfm-sSm-a
- p-,v Atm \n hnizm-kn-Isf Dd-np \npI. \ntj-[n-If
- psS lrZ-b
- f
- n Rm `b-an-p-sIm-Sp-pI Xs sNpw.
AXpsImv \n Ah-cpsS ]nc-Sn-I-fn shp-I-.
Ah-sc Xncn-dnbm-hw Ah-cpsS hnc-p-p-IfSw shn--f-bp-I.
Ben-Cw-dm: 126127, 151 kq--fpsS hnio-Z-I-cWw t\mp-I. A^m:
17mw kq-a-\p-k-cnp, Am-lp-hns I]-\-{]-Imcw \_n Hcp]nSn- aphmcn
"apJ- hnIr-X-am-Is' Fp]dp Fdn-psImmWv _Zv bpw Bcw-`nXv. Atm B aWXcn-I i{Xp--tfmtcm-cp--cp-sSbpw Ip-I-fn "anssk'F-tmWw Xd-p-I-bpw, Ah IvIm-WmsX ]c-kv]cw shm XpS-p-Ibpw
A^m (8)
101
sNbvXp. AtXm-S-\p-_-nv hnizm-kn-Ifpw B-Sn-p-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. \_n

Fdn-Xns\-p-dnv "\o Fdn-t- m \o Fdn-n-n-, Am-lp-hmWv Fdn-Xv'
Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-, Fmw DS-a-bmb Amlp ASn-a-Isfsmv sNn-np-I-bm-Wv, Atm aW Xcn-Isf anssk-emn i{Xp--fpsS Ip-I-fn Xdn-Xv Am-lp-hmWv. AXpt]mse ae-p-Isf CdnbXv i{Xp-sf shm\,
adnv hnizm-kn-IfpsS Bbp-[-{]-tbm-K- IpdnpsImnp-hm-\pw, Bg-n
Bp-]-Xn-nm\pw thn-bmWv. As\ hnizm-kn-I-sf-p-dnv \ntj-[n-I
"CXv km[m-cW a\p-jy-c-, ae-p-I Xs-bm-sWv hn{`m-n-tbmsS ]d-bm\pw
CS-h-cppI-bpmbn. Cmcyw hnizm-kn-Iv a\-n-em-Ip--Xn\v thnbmWv
ae-p-Isf Cdn klm-bnp Fp-]-d-bp-Xv.
Jznbma: 4, hnc-p-p-I hnhn-[--fmbn krjvSn a\p-jysc hopw
-kr-jvSn-p-hm Ign-hp--h Xs-bmWv Amlp Fp-]-d--np-v. ChnsS
Bsf Xncn--dn-bmhw hncp-p-I-f-Sw shn-am-p-I-sb-mWv ae-p-ItfmSv Amlp \ntZiw \Ip--Xv. ^pkzn-e-v: 30-32, A^m: 60 Iqn-hm-bnp-I. Ben-Cw-dm: 127-129 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
13. AXv \nbw Ah Am-lp-hn-t\mSpw Ahs ZqX-t\mSpw hnL-SnXpsImm-Wv. Am-lp-hn-t\mSpw Ahs ZqX-t\mSpw hnL-Sn-p--h\m-tcm--Atm \n-bw Amlp ITn-\-ambn inn-p--h Xsbm-Wv.
An-km-Av: 115 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mp-I. I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-I Am-lp-hn-t\mSpw
Ahs ZqX-t\mSpw hnL-Sn--h-cm-b-Xn-\m-emWv Amlp Ahsc sImp-I-f--Xv.
hnizm-kn-I-tfmSp Ahsc i{Xp--fmbn ]cn-K-Wn--W-sapw, Ahv anv \akvI-cn-cpsXpw ]Tn-n-npapv. ap\m-^nJq: 14, Xu_: 23--24, 80, 84,113-114
Iqn-hmbnp-I. _Jd: 67, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. ako-lp--m-ens\ kzoI-cnv
]n]-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf, Cukm \_n cm-aXpw h tijw hnizm-knI, ]m-fhpw t]meokpw t\mn-\ns h[n-p--Xm-Wv. AAvdm^v: 175176
14. AXmIpp \npXv , Atm \nfXv cpNn- p- s Im- p- I .
\nbw kXy\ntj-[n-Iv \cIin-bp-ap-v.
_Zv bp-n, Fmw Adn-npw Am-lp-hn-t\mSpw {]hm-N-I-t\mSpw
hnL-Sn \ntj[n-Iv Innb in hnizm-kn-I-fpsS ssIbmep h[am-Wv.
C\n ]c-tem-Iv Ahv \cI in-bp-ap-v. B-en-Cw-dm: 11-12, 127 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I. AXp-t]mse Xs-bmWv bp-ap-X-ens Imcy-nembmepw atXv
Imcy-n-em-bmepw Am-lp-hn-t\mSpw {]hm-N-I-t\mSpw hnL-Sn \ntj-[n-Ip
{]Xn-êsav hnizm-kn-Isf DWp-I-bm-WnhnsSAh I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmbn
\inm-Xn-cn-m thn. Xu_: 52 \_n-tbmSpw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw I]-S-hnizm-kn-ItfmSv tNmZnm ]d-bp-p: R-fpsS Imcy-n cm-semcp \-b-
102
JpB\ns Bmhv
msX as-mWv \n Imn-cn-p-Xv? Fm \n-fpsS Imcy-n
Amlp Ah-\n \np insImv inn-p-Itbm As-n R-fpsS
ssIIsImv \nsf inn-p-Itbm BWv R Imn-cn-p--Xv. \nbw
\n Imn-cn-pI, \n-tfm-Sw Rfpw Imn-cn-p-hcm-Ip-p. ^Xlv:
24 Ah Xs-bmWv, am-Xm-gvh-c-bnshv (am-hn-P-b-\m-fn) Ah-cpsS
ssIIsf \nsfsmpw \n-fpsS ssII Ah-sc-smpw \nhsc
XpS-v\o-m Ah-kcw Inn-bXn\v tijhpw XS--Xv. Amlp \n-fpsS
{]hn-I kZm honv sImn-cn-p-p-h-tm Fv ]d--Xn\v, tijw 25,
hnizm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw Ah-cpsSbnS-bn-ep--XpsImv, \nfpsS Ic--fm \n-f-dn-bmsX Ahsc in _m[n-n-m-Xn-cn-m-\mWv As\
XS-Xv Fv ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 254, Ben-Cw-dm: 10, 116, An-km-Av: 140, 145
15. Hm hnizm-kn-I-tf, \n kXy\ntj-[n-I-fpsS ]Ssb Ip-apnbm
(t\-cnm) Atm \n Hcn-epw ]pd-tImv ]nn-cn-b-cp-Xv.
16. Bsc-nepw Acw k`--fnbpX{-am-bntm As-n XfpsS ssk\y-ns asmcp ]tm-sSmw tNcp--Xn-\p-th-ntbm
AmsX--]pdwXncnp ]nam-dp-I-bm-sW-n, Ah Am-lp-hn
\np tIm]-n B]-Xnp Ign-p, Ah\p \cIn A`-b
- m\w
e`n-p--Xp-am-Wv,- F-p-am{Xw Zpjn aS---ew.
bp-ap-Jp\nv ]nn-cn-tm-S hIp---fn s]-Xm-Wv. Fm
Cv bptam h[tam Hp- a n- , adnv I]- S - h n- i zm- k n- I - t fmSv Jp- B \ns
BibwsImp PnlmZv am{X-am-Wp--Xv Xu_: 68, 73, ^pJm: 52 IqnhmbnpI. Ben-Cw-dm: 119, An-km-Av: 63, 137-138 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
17. Atm \n Ahsc h[n-n-n, Fm Am-lp-hmIpp Ahsc
h[n-n-p--Xv. \o Fdn--tm \o Fdn-n-n-, Fm Am-lphmWv Fdn--Xv. AXp-ap-tJ\ hnizm-kn-Isf Hcp \ ]co-Wn\v
hnt[- b - a m- m thn- b mbn- c pp AXv . \nbw Amlp Fmw
tIp k--\-tm.
18. AXvhn-P-bw\npXv. \nbw Amlp kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fpsS
IpX{- _e-lo-\-am-p-h\p-am-Ipp.
_Zv bp-n hnizm-kn-I \ntj-[n-Isf h[n-n-n-, Fm Am-lphmWv h[n--sX-mWp ]d-bp--Xv. bYm-n hnizm-kn-I Am-lphn\pthn am{Xw Pohn-p Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-Wv. AhcpsS GsXmcp hnjb-nepw kzmX, kzP-\-]--]m-Xw, hKo-b-X XpS-nb \ntj-[-]-c-amb ZpKp-
A^m (8)
103
W- ISpIqSp-I-bn-. Ah Fmbvtmgpw Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-p--h-cpw,

Am-lp-hn-\v PohmWw sNbvX-h-cp-am-Wv. Xu_: 111112 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
kXyadnv \ntj-[n-pIbpw, kXys \in-n-p--Xn\p thn X{-
sa\-bp-Ibpw sNp \ntj-[n-I Hcn-epw hnPbw hcn-p-I-bn-, Ah Fv
sXw sImSp-mepw Ahsc hn[n-Zn-h-ks in-bn\nv cn-m\pw km[ya-. Ben-Cw-dm: 90-91, 144145, An-km-Av: 76, A^m: 12 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
19. \n Xocp-am\w tNmZn-s-n \nnXm Xocp-am\w hp-I-gn-ncn-p-p. C\n \n hnc-an-p-Ib
- m-sW-n AXmWv \nv Ghpw
\-Xv, AX hopw \n AXn-{I-an-I-fm-hp-I-bm-sW-n \mapw {]XnI-cn-p--Xm-Wv. \n-fpsS kwL-_ew, AXv F{X-Xs hn--Xm-bncp-mepw AXv \nsmcp {]tbm-P-\hpw sNpI-bn-. \nbw
Amlp kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-tfm-sSm--am-Ip-p.
\ntj[n-I a-bn\nv _Zvdn-tev ]pd-s-Sp-tm IAv-_-bpsS aqSp]Sw ]nSnp Cs\ {]mn-n-cp-p, "Am-lpth Cu cp-Iq--cn DaamcmcmtWm Ahsc hnP-bn-n-tWta'. Ah-cpsS t\Xm-hmb A_q-Plv
{]tXyIw {]mn-p, "R-fn kXy-hm-Zn-I Btcm, Ahsc hnP-bn-n-p-Ibpw, A{I-an-Isf tXmnp-Ibpw A]-am-\n-X-cm-p-Ibpw sNtWta'. Ah-cpsS
Cu {]m\ Amlp kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw, D-aamcpw kXy-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw Bscp
thXn-cnp ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A^m: 8 hni-Zo-I-cWw Iqn-hmbnp-I. Ah-cpsS kwL-_etam, bp-ss\-]p-Wytam Hpw Ahv D]-Im-c-sn-.
kXy-sbpw Ak-Xy-sbpw thXn-cn-p Zn\-am-bXpsImmWv _Zv
Zn\-n\v "-buap ^pJm' thXn-cn-p Zn\wFp-]-d-bp-Xv. lv: 40 Amlp ]d-bpp: Amlp Ahs\ klm-bn-p--hsc klm-bn-pI Xs
sNpw, \n-bw, Ah Fm-n\pw Ign-hp i-\pw, AP-\pw Xs-bm-Wv.
kqd: apl--Zv: 7 hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv Amlp ]d-bpp: \n Am-lphns\ klm-bn-p-I-bm-sW-n Ah \n-sfbpw klm-bn-pw. liv: 23-,
Am-lp-hns \m-a-amWv "apAvan' FXv. \nbw Amlp kXy-hn-izm-kn-Itfm-sSm--am-Ip-p F-Xns hnh Jp-B-\ns Bi-bwsImv lrZ-b-n
Am-lp-hns\ BcmtWm kqn-p--Xv, Ah-tcm-S--amWv Am-lp-hp--Xv FmWv. Xu_: 40 Iqn-hmbnp-I. _Jd: 152, Ben-Cw-dm: 123, 128-129, 160, A-Bw:
116, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
_Zv bpw Ign-Xn-\p-tijw am apivcnp-Isf A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNbvXpsIm-mWv "C\n \n hnc-an-p-I-bm-sW-n AXmWv \nv Ghpw \Xv, AX hopw \n AXn-{I-an-I-fm-hp-I-bm-sW-n \mapw {]Xn-I-cn-p-XmWvv' F kq-`mKw Ah-X-cn-Xv. F-nepw ASphjw \S DlvZv bp-
104
JpB\ns Bmhv
ns Ayn apkvenwImWv Amlp ]cm-Pbw \In-bXv. DlvZv bpw
apkvenwI-fn \n-p hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw I]-S-hnizmkn-I-sfbpw thXn-cn-sSpm thn-bmbn-cpp Fv Ben-Cw-dm: 166-167 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. lnPvdp-tijw a-mv Jp-B kq- e`n-n-cp-n-, AtX-ka
- bw aZo-\
- mv
Jp-B kq- XpSv e`n-n-cp--p. CXn\npw hnizm-kn-Iv e`np KpW-]mTw, Jp-B kq-- Inn-bnv aqSn-shv AXn\p hncp--amb
PohnXw \bn-p I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-Is
- fbmWv Cl-nepw ]c-nepw Amlp innpIsbmWv. Ben-Cw-dm: 10 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Alvkm_v: 30- \_n-bpsS ]Xv\n-am-sc hnfnv: \n-fn Hcm t-hrn-bn GsXmbn Is-n-bm Cc-n-in--bm-Wp-Xv, AXn\v Amlphn\v
hfsc Ffp--am-Ipp Fpw, 3334, Hm {]hm-N-Is hop-Imtc, Amlp \nfpsS amen-\y-sf \on--f-p ]q-ambn ipo-I-cn-m-\mWv Dt-in-p--Xv.
Atm \nfpsS hoSp-I-fn Am-lp-hns kq-fpw AXns hni-Zo-IcWfpw Hman-p-sImv AS-n-sbmXpnbn-cn-p-I. \nbw Amlp Fmn-s\-p-dnpw kqva-m-\-ap-h\pw- Fmw hebw sNbvX-h-\p-a-tm Fp-]-dn-p-v. AAv-dm^v: 188 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
20. Hm hnizm-kn-Itf, \n Am-lp-hns\ A\p-k-cn-p-I, Ahs ZqXs\bpw. \n- tIp--h-cm-bn-cn-s Ah\n\nv ]nn-cnpIfb-cp-Xv.
21. bYm-n tImsX R tIp Fp-]-d-bp--hsctmse
\nfmIpIbpw Acp-Xv.
_Jd: 146 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. tIp-I-sb-m AwKo-I-cn-p-Ibpw,
]n]-pIbpw sN-em-Wv. hniz-kn-h Fv Ah-Im-i-s-Sp-I-bpw, Fm Amlp-hns hn[n-hn-e-p-I A\p-k-cn-m Iqm-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp I]-S-hnizm-kn-Isftmse \nfmIcpsXmWv I-\. kqd: aplZv: 16- I]-S-hnizm-kn-I-sf-pdnv ]d-bpp: Ah-cn \ns {inv tIp--h-cpv, Fm
\ns ASp- \nv ]pd-p-t]m-bm tIv a\-n-em-nb m\n-I-tfmSv Ah
tNmZnpw: Ctm B ]d-Xns D-t-iysa-mWv? Aq--cpsS lrZ-bmWv Amlp ap{Z shn-p--Xv. Ah Ah-cpsS CjvSm-\n-jvS- ]n]p--h-cp-am-Ip-p. amCZ: 61, ABw: 25 hni-Zo-I-cWw Iqn-hm-bn-pI.
A-Km-_p: 16 Amlp ]d-bp-p: km[n-p-{X \n Am-lphns\ kqn-p-I, {inp tIp-Ibpw A\p-k-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-I, \n-fpsS
Xs kzbw \pthn sNe-h-gn-p-Ibpw sNp-I. BcmtWm Bmhns
IpSp-n \np tamNn-Xc
- m-bX
- v, Aq- am{X-am-Ipp hnPbw hcn-p-h
- . _Jd:
285, {]hm-N-I\pw hnizm-kn-Ifpw; R-fpsS \mYm, R tIp, R A\pk-cnp, R- \ntmSv s]mdp--ens\ tXSp-p, R-fpsS \mYm, \nn-tev
A^m (8)
105
X-btm R-fpsS aSw Fv {]mn-p--h-cm-sWv -]-d-np-v. I]-Shn-izm-kn-I Am-lp-hns\ ad--h-cpw ]nip-am-cp-am-sWv Xu_: 67 ]dn-pv. Jp-B\ns BibanmsX Fv {]hn-mepw Jp-B FXncmbn kmyw hln-p-I-bpw hmZn-p-Ibpw sNp-sa-Xn-\m _plm-\mb (An-km-Av: 174-175) Jp-B\ns Bi-bw-sImv Dd-p-h-cp-msX, AXns hmlIcm-sWv \n ]d-b-cp-sX-mWv Cu kqw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv In-p--Xv.
Npcp--n hnizm-kn-I Jp-B-\ns Bibw ImWpXn\pw tIp--Xn\pw AXv ]Tn-n-p--Xn\pw thnbmWv ka-bhpw kpw sNe-h-gn-p-I. Ankm-Av: 4346, 80, 136, ABw: 26, AAvdm^v: 204 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
22. \nbw Am-lp-hns ASp- Poh-Pmefnshp Ghpw Xntb-dnbh, _pn-bp-]-tbm-Kn-p Nnnm _[n-ccpw Dua-I-fp-amb a\pjy-cmIpp.
Am-lp-hns hN-\-amb Jp-B Bibw Adn-nv AXv ]n]-m-XncnpIbpw AXv ap--h-tcmSv ]d-bm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sfbmWv
DuaIkwkm-cn-m--hsImp-t-in-p--Xv A-Avdm^v: 175-176 hniZoIcWw
t\mpI. Jp-Bs Bibw a\-n-em-m tIhn-bpw ImgvNbpw _pn-i
- nbpw
D]-tbm-Kn-msX Jp-B\ns icocw Xnp ^mPn-dp-I-sf-bmWv _[n-camsNhn-tIm-h
- sImp-t-in-p-X
- v AAvdm^v: 179 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\m-p-I. Cu
Dua-I-fpw _[n-c-cp-a-S-nb _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knv Nnn-m a\p-jy- Xs-bmWv
{`mamapPvcnwI. AAvdm^v: 40 hniZoIcWw t\mpI. Cu _[n-camcpw
DuaIfpw \msf \c-I
- n-tev hen-s-dn-bs
- -Sp-tm kzbw "R Jp-B\ns
Bibw tIn-cp-s-n As-n _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knp Nnn-n-cp-s-n, Cu
In-bm-fp \c-I-ns kl-hm-kn-I-fm-Ip-am-bn-cp-n-tm' Fp hne-]n-p
cwKw apIv: 10 ap-dn-bnv \Inbn-p-v. AAvdm^v: 172173 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
^mnl: 7mw kqw ]mcm-bWw sNp-tm- "tIm]n--s--h-cpsSbpw hgn-]ng--h-cp-sSbpw amK-n-e' Fp]d-bp-tm bYm-{Iaw Cu kqn ]d
Dua-Ifnepw _[n-c-cnepw s]Sp--cp-sX-mWv hnizm-kn-I- a\-n Icp-tX-Xv.
_Jd: 67, 18, 44, 166-167, 171 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
23. Ah-cn h \-bp--Xmbn Amlp Adn-ncp-p-sh-n Ahsc
Ah tIn-p-I Xs sNpam-bn-cp-p. C\n Ahsc Ah tInm Xs, AhcXns\ Ah-K-Wnp ]nncnpt]mhpI Xs sNpw.
Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-m A{I-an-Ifpw {`mam-cp-amb
Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isfbpw ^mPn-dp-Isfbpw Amlp Jp-B tIn-p-Ibn-, C\n tImXs AhXv lrZ-b-n-tev Bn-d-p-I-tbm, D]-Im-cs-Sp-Itbm C- FmWv ]d-bp--Xv. _Jd: 99 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI
epJvam: 7-, Ccw I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-Isfpdnv Amlp ]d-bpp: \psS
106
JpB\ns Bmhv
kq- Ah\v hniZoIcnpsImSpm Ah AXv tImhw Ahs
sNhn-bn-semcp aqSn-bp-Xv t]mse Al-m-c]
- qw ]nn-cnv t]mIp-Xv ImWmw,
Atm Ah\v thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-sImv ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-p-I.
_Jd: 174176, amCZ: 51, AAvdm^v: 178 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
24. Hm hnizm-kn-I-tf, \nv PohnXw \Ip-Xn\pthn {]hm-N-I
hnfn-p-tm \n Am-lp-hn-sbpw Ahs ZqX-sbpw hnfnpcw \IpI, \n Adn-bp-Ibpw sNp-I, \nbw Amlp
hyn- b p- s Sbpw Ahs lrZ- b - n- s bpw CS- b n- e m- W p- - s X- pw,
\nbw Ah-\n-te-v Xs-bmWv \n-sf-m-hcpw ]p\Po-hn-n-sm-cpanp Iq-s-Sp-I Fpw.
A^m: 6 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Amlp, a\p-jy\n Igp-nse Poh\m-Un-tb-m ASp-m-Wp--sXv Jm^v: 16epw \n Fhn-sS-bm-sW-nepw
\n-tfm-sSmw Ah-\p-sv lZo-Zv: 4epw, apPm-Zne: 7epw ]d-n-p-v. Amlp
Ah-cpsS at\m-ap-Ip-c- Adn-bp--h-\m-sWp Cin-Jm-Jv: 23epw Amlp lrZb--fpsS Ah--b-dn-bp--h-\m-sWv A-Km-_p: 4, lZo-Zv: 6, apIv: 13 XpSnb kq--fnepw ]d-n-p-v. Ah In-s Ip-t\m--ns Bi-bhpw
s\n Hfn-npshXpw Adn-bp-h
- \
- m-sWv apAvan: 19epw, \nbw Amlp
\n {]hn-p--sXmw t\cs \n-bnp Dd-np shn-p-sp liv:
18, ap\m-^n-Jq: 11, Ckvdm-Av: 13-15 kq--fnepw ]d-n-p-v. Ben-Cw-dm: 5
hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mp-I. hnizm-kn-I Ftmgpw Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b
- n kqnp--h-cm-Wv. A^m: 2-4 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Fm Am-lp-hns\ adpIf- \ntj-[n-I Ahscs ad--h-cpw, Pnp-Iq-p-Im-c\mb ]nim-Nns\
lrZ-b-n kqn-p--h-cp-am-Wv. Npcp--n \lv: 2-epw, Aqd: 52-epw
]d dqlmb Jp-B\ns hymJym-\w-sImv Am-lp-hns dqlns\ F-tmgpw
IqsS Iqp--h-cm-Wv hnizm-kn-I. liv: 1719, kpJvdp-^v: 36-38 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
_Jd: 186, 255, Ben-Cw-dm: 7, ABw: 157, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
25. \nfn A{I-an-I-fm-b-hsc am{Xw _m[n-m \mis \n `bs-Sp-Ibpw sNphn. \n-bw Amlp ITn-\-ambn inn-p--h-\msW-v \n Adn-n-cn-pIbpw sNp-hn.
\ In-p-Ibpw Xn hntcm-[n-p-Ibpw sNW-sa-pw, Am--]w
A{I-an-I-fmb P\-fpsS ssII {]hn--Xns ê-ambn in Cd-p-tm,
hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw AXv _m[n-p-sapw ap-dn-bnv \Ip-I-bm-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm:
104, 110, An-km-Av: 47, amCZ: 77,105, AAvdm^v: 163167 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
26. \n `qan-bn ASn--as Ipdpt]cm-bn-cpXpw, P\-
\nsf dmn-f-bptam Fp \n `b-s-n-cp-Xpw Hmphn.
Atm Amlp \nv A`-b-m-\-sam-cp-p-I-bpw, Ahs klm-
A^m (8)
107
bm \nsf _e-s-Sp-p-Ib
- pw, \nv Da `-Wh
- n-`h
-
-
\Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp, \n \n-bp--h-cm-bn-cn-pI Xs thW-sa-Xn\p thn.
{]-hm-N-I-s in --bn-np Cu an\nv ]pdwXm Ahv km[nn-cp-sn Fp Ah B{K-ln-ncpp Fv Ckvdm-Av: 76 ]-d-n-p-v.
hnizm-kn-I a-bn ASn--a-s-ncp _e-lo-\amcmb Hcp sNdnb kwLam-bn-cp-p. P\- Ahsc \ntjw \in-np-I-f-bp-sapw, Ahsc \mn\nv
]ngp-sX-dn-bp-sapw Ah `b-s-n-cp-p. B-en-Cw-dm: 103 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. Fm AXn\n-smw Amlp Ahsc c-sSp-n. AXpsImv Amlp-hns A\p-{K-l
- v \n-{]-IS- n-n-p-sImpw Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-p-sImpw
\ne-sIm-W
- s
- a-mWv hnizm-kn-It- fmSv In-p-X
- v. Ben-Cw-dm: 143148 {]Imcw,
Fm-e
- pap hnizm-kn-I XovWa
- mb ]co-W
- n\v hnt[-ba
- m-bn-p-spw
Atm Ah _e-lo-\X {]I-Sn-n-p-Itbm AkXy-n\v apn Xe-Ip-\n-pItbm sNmsX Pnhn-X-eyw a\-n-emn c-km-nXzw hlnv kzK-n
{]th-in-m shsImp-I-bm-Wp-m-bXv Fpw Hmn-n-vsImv hnizmkn-Isf bp-n\v t{]cn-n-n-p-v. Fm Cv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwLtam Amlp-hns amK-n-ep bptam C. adnv Fgppw hmb-\-bp-a-dn-bm hnizmkn-I Imn t]mbn, GsXnepw ac-ns NphSv ISnp]nSn-vsImv ac-Wwhsc \ne-sIm--W-sa-mWv lpssZ-^-p bam-\n-bpsS tNmZy-v adp-]Sn
\In-sImv {]hm-N-I ]Tn-n-n-p--Xv. Fgppw hmb\pw Adn-bp--h JpB-\ns Bibw AW-v D]-tbm-Knv ISn-p]n-Sn-n-cn--W-sapw l-p
hnZm-C shvXs \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. _Jd: 99, 152, An-km-Av: 103, AAvdm^v:
10 t\mpI.
hnizm-kn-I Ftmgpw Cs\ {]mn-p--h-cmWv: Am-lp-th, Rsf
\o \ns kvacn-p--h-cpw, \n{]I-Sn-n-p--h-cp-am-t-W-ta. Rsf \o \nsI--h-cnepw PohnXw \-s--h-cnepw Ds-Sp--cp-tX.
27. Hm hnizm-kn-I-tf, \n Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs {]hmNIs\bpw
hn--cpXv, \n Adn-hp--h-cm-bn-cn-s, \nsf hniz-kntnn-p-- Imcy--fnepw \n h\ ImWn--cp-Xv.
\ns-f hniz-kntn-n-p-- Imcy-- Aam-\-v F-m ]c-kv]cw
hniz-kn-t]n-p km[-\--fpw D-c-hm-Zn--fpw cl-ky-fpsamw DsSp--Xm-Wv. AsXmw Am-lp-hns\ kmn-\nn-sImv ]menW-sa-mWv
]Tn-n-p--Xv. hmv ]men-m I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS Iq-n AI-sScpXv,
Ah Am-lp-hn-s\bpw dkq-en-s\bpw hnizm-kn-Is
- fbpw hn-p-h
- c
- m-Wv, Fm
Ah Ahscs-b-msX hn-p-n-. _Jd: 912, 26-27, 255, 283, Ben-Cwdm: 74-76, An-km-Av: 104-113, 135 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
108
JpB\ns Bmhv
28. \nbw \n-fpsS [\-fpw km-\-fpw \nv ]co-WamsWpw, Am-lp-hns ]-emWv al-mb {]Xn-^-eapsXpw \n
Adn-ncnp-Ibpw sNpI.
ap\m-^n-Jq: 9 hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnp Amlp ]d-bp-p: hnizm-kn-I-tf,
\nfpsS k-p-Ifpw km-\--fpw Jp-B\ns Bi-bssXmv \nsf
XS-bm-Xn-cn--s. \n-fn Bsc-nepw As\ {]hn-m, Atm Aq Xs-bmWv Fmw \jvS-s--h. Xu_: 23-24 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. A-Km-_p:
15-mw kq-hpw CtX Bi-b-n-ep--Xm-Wv. Ilv^v: 46 kpw km-\fpw ùXn-I- PohnXns Ae-m-c--fm-Ip-p. Jp-B\ns hn[n-hne-p-I
\p-kc
- n-p I- am{X-amWv \ns \mYs ASp- Ghpw \{]hnI-fpw D-aamb {]Xn-^-ew e`np-Xpw. _Jd: 121, 254 Ben-Cw-dm: 14-15, 136,
196197 amCZ: 94 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
29. Hm hnizm-kn-I-tf, \n Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-I-bmsW-n Ah \nsmcp Dc-v {]Zm\w sNp--Xpw, \n-fpsS
Xn- I \nsfsmv ambv p- I - f bpIbpw \nv s]mdpp
XcnIbpw sNp-Xpam-Wv. Amlp al-mb HuZm-cy-ap-S-b-h-\-patm.
"\n Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-I-bm-sW-n' F-Xns
hnh-, GXv Imcyhpw lrZ-bw-sImv Am-lp-hn-t\mSv tNmZn-p-I-bm-sW-n
Fm-Wv. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-amb ^pJm As-n kzK-n-te-p Snv
e`n-m\pw Am-lp-hn-t\mSv "Fs DS-a-bmb \mYm, F\nv Adnhv hn-nv
Xtc-Wta' Fv {]mn-vsImv Jp-B-\ns Bibw hmbn--m\pamWv \_ntbmSpw hnizm-knItfmSpw Innp-Xv. _Jd: 255 t\mp-I. \Xpw IepXpw ampcp thXn-cn-p hkvXp-hn-\mWp Dc--sp ]d-bp--Xv. kzK-nte-p hgnbpw \c-I-n-te-p hgnIfpw Pohn-X-ns Fm-ta-J-e-I-fnepw
ka-b--fnepw Xncn--dn-bm-\p Dc--mWp Jp-B\ns samw Bi-bw. AXv
lrZbwsImv a\-n-em-m-\mWv Ghpw Ffp--am-n-bn-p--Xv. ^pJm D]tbm-K-s-Spn Ah-c-h Xs-bmWv Xn-I ambn-vI-f-tb--Xv. \njv]--hm\mb Amlp Hcm-sfbpw kzK-n-tetm \c-I-n-tetm Bp-n-. _Jd:
2, 185, 269, Ben-Cw-dm: 3, An-km-Av: 31, AAvdm^v: 178, 201203, A^m: 2-4
30. \ns XS-hn-em-p-Itbm As-n h[n-p-I-f-bp-Itbm As-n \mSpI-S
- p-Itbm sNp-X
- n-\p-thn kXy-hn-tcm-[n-I \n\s-Xn-cn KqVX{w sa\-Xpw Hmt-Xm-Wv. Ah Ah-cpsS X{- sa\p-sIm-n-cp-p, Amlp Ahs X{hpw sa\-p-sIm-n-cp-p.
Amlp X{w sa\-bp--h-cn Ghpw ka-\ tm.
A-Bw: 123124 hnio-Z-I-cWw t\mp-I. a-bn {]t_m-[\w XS--
A^m (8)
109
stm aZo-\-bn-te-p lnPvdv ka-b-am-bn-sbv Cu kq-n-eqsS kqNnn-p-p. \_n aZo-\-bn-tev t]mIp-Xv IqSp-X tZmjw sNpsav \ntj-[nIv tXmn-b-Xn-\m Ah apl-Zv \_nsb _-\--\m-p-Itbm, sImvIf-bp-It- bm As-n \mSvIS-
- pItbm sNp-X
- n\v KqVm-tem-N\ \Sn. Fm
apl--Zns\ _\-\m-p-I-bm-sW-n hnizm-kn-I Poh XyPnpw Ahs\
tamNn-n-p-sapw, \mSv IS-n-bm Ahs amk-vac{]`m-j-Wamb Jp-B
]etcbpw kzm[o-\n-psapw Ah-km\w Ah-scmw Hp-IqSn asb IS-m{I-an-p-sapw AXn\m assnepw D]mbw IsWsapw AhnSbn
A`n-{]mbw s]mnhp. Ah-km\w \PvZn\nv ]WvUnXthj-nh ]nimNvv
kan A`n-{]m-b-amWv A_q-Pmlnepw Iqcpw \S-n-em-m Xocp-am-\n--Xv.
HmtcmtKm{X-n \npw ka-cmb Hmtcm sNdp--msc sXsc-s-SppIbpw
Ah-scmw tNp H-sh-n\p apl--Zns IY-Ign-pIbpw sNpI. Cs\
sNbvXm Fm tKm{XtfmSpw Hcp-anv ]Icw tNmZn-p-hm A_vZpap-z-en_ns av km[y-am-hp-I-bn-. -]nim-Nns hn-Z-KvZ-amb Cu A`n-{]mbw km\m kzoIm-cy-ambn. X-k-a-bv IrXy-\n-l-W-n\p Xm-sd-Sp-p h
A{Ian kwLw \_n-bpsS hoSv hfp. Fm Am-lp-hns hn[n asmm-bncp-p\_n Hcp-]nSn aphmcn apJ- hnIr-X-am-hs Fp-]-d-p-sImv Asn bmko: 9mw kqw Xnem-hp sNbvXp-sImv Ah-cpsS t\sc FdnbpIbpw,
Ah-cpsS Ip-sh-np-sImv c-s-Sp-I-bpw sNbvXp.
Ckvdm-Av: 76 Amlp ]d-bpp: Ahv km[n-p-am-bn-cp-s-n `qanbn \nv \ns ]ngp-sX-dn-bm Ah {ian-p-IX
- s sNpw. As\ sNbvXm
\n\v ]nd-In Ipdv Ime-a-sX Ah AhnsS Xma-kn-p-I-bn-. A^m: 33
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. bqkp^v: 76 Fm m\n-Ipw aosX Hcp k-m-\n-bpv
F Bi-b-n-emWv Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. _Jd: 255, BenCwdm: 178-179, hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
31. Ahv \psS kq- hni-Zo-I-cnp sImSp-m, Ah ]d-bpw:
\nbw R tIncnp-p, R-fp-t-in-m CXp-t]m-ep hmpI Rpw ]dbm Ignbpw. Xo-bmbpw CXp ]qn-I-cpsS
]gpcm-W--f-msX asm-p-a-.
ABw: 25 t\mp-I. CXv ]qn-I-cpsS ]qcm-W--f-msX asm-p-a F
kao-]\w Xs-bmWv Cv `qcn-] apkvenwIfpw Jp-B-t\mSv shp-]p-ep-Xv. bq\p-kv: 15-16 t\mp-I. Ah {km-hns {Ks Ah-K-Wnv krn-I
cq]-s-Sp-nb I-imkv{X {K--sf-bmWv ]n]-p--Xv. Ghpw \ ham-\-amb Jp-B-\ns\ Ah-K-Wn-p-sImv Ah hnizm-kn-Isfpdnv lZokpw
kp-p-an-m--h-cm-sWv ]d-bp-p. bYm-n lZokpw kq-p-samw
Jp-B Xs-bm-Wv. l-Zokv Jp-B Xs-bmWv F-Xn\v An-km-Av: 78, 82,
87 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Ckvdm-Av: 77, Alvkm-_v: 62, ^mXzn:
110
JpB\ns Bmhv
43 Fo kq-f
- n ]d Am-lp-hns Ncybpw(\-S]
- S- n-{I-aw) Jp-B Xsbm-Wv. apl-Zv \_n-bpsS kz`m-h-s-p-dnv At\z-jn--h-tcmSv {]hm-NI ]Xv\n
Bbni ]dp: At-l-ns kz`mhw Jp-B\mWv. {]hm-N-I hnizm-kn-ItfmSv Cs\ {]mn-m ]Tn-n-n-pv:
Am-lp-th, R-fpsS lrZ-b-sf Jp-BsImv {]tim`n-n-t-W-ta,
R-fpsS kz`m-h-sf Jp-BsImv Ae--cn-t-W-ta, Rsf \o JpBsImv \c- I - n\nv AI- pIbpw kzK- n {]th- i n- n- p- I bpw
sNtWta, Hm Jp-B Ah-X-cn-n--npht\. A-Bw: 93, A-Avdm^v: 40 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
32. Ah C{]-Imcw {]mnXpw Hmt-XmWv, Am-lp-th, Cu JpB \nn\np kXywXs-bm-sW-n \o Rp aosX BImip\nv Ncag hjn-np-Itbm, As-n at-sX-nepw thZ-\mP-\-I-ambin Rv sImp-hcnItbm sNpI.
CX-h-cpsS {]m-\-bm-bn-cp-n adnv shp-hn-fn-bm-bn-cp-p. AXm-bXv Cu
Jp-B Am-lp-hn \np Ah-Xo-amb kXy-am-sW-n AXns\ If-hmn-b-Xns ê-ambn R-fpsSta BIm-ip\nv inem-hj-ap-m-hp-Itbm
at-sX-nepw ITn-\-amb in hn-d-p-Itbm th-Xm-bn-cp-p. AsXmpw kw`hn-m nXnv Jp-B kXy-a-s-pw Am-lp-hn \npX-spw Ah
IW-p-Iq-n. am apivcnp-IfpsS Ccw [nm-ctfm ITn-\am-bn-cpp
aZo-\-bnse I]-S-hn-izmkn-IfpsS Al-m-chpw [nm-chpsav An-km-Av: 81, 91,
145, amCZ: 49 kq-fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWn ImWm-hp--Xm-Wv. _Jd: 27,99
33. Fm \o Ah-cn Dm-bn-cnptm Am-lp- Ahsc inn-p-X-, Ah s]mdp--ens\ tXSnsm-n-cnptmgpw Amlp Ahsc
inn-p-X-.
"\o Ah-cn Dm-bn-cnptm Am-lp- Ahsc inn-p--X-' Fp]-d--Xns hnh apl-Zv \_n Poh-t\msS Ccn-p--Im-e-tmfw F
adnv Jp-B-\ns Bi-bn \npw apl-Zv \_n-bpsS PohnXw a\-n-emn
P\--fn kmy-s-Sp-p, hnNm-c-W-bn-msX kzK-nt]m-Ip Hcp
hnizmkn D Ime-tmfw temIw Ah-km-\n-p-I-bn FmWv. Atm temIns Bbpv \om\pw {]]-ns\ AXns kp-e-\-n \ne-\nm-\pap GIamKw Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn {]N-cn-n-p-Ibpw,
P\- AXv Fm taJ-e-I-fnepw Xpem-kmbn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp--pIbp-am-Wv. BenCw-dm: 110 hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kz`m-h-ambn FSp-p-Im-Wn, \ In-pIbpw
Xn hntcm-[n-p-I-bpw sNp Hcphn`mKw temIv Fhn-sSbpw Cm Hcp
AhbmWv Cp--Xv. AAvdm^v: 163167 ]d-Xv t]mse, Fm hn`m-Kfpw Xn hntcm-[n-p-I-IqSn sNmsX A{I-an-Ifpw [nm-cn-I-fp-ambn amdp-tm-
A^m (8)
111
gmWv temIw Ah-km-\n-pI. ABw: 47, amCZ: 60, 105 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
{]hm-N-Iam \ncm-i-s-Sp-I-bpw \nbw Ah If-hm--s-n-cn-pp Fv
t_m[yw hcn-Ibpw sNbvX-tm \psS klmbw Ahv hcn-I-bpw, \mw Dtin-p--hsc \mw c-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. {`mam-cmb Hcp P\-Xsbsmv
\psS in XS-bm-\mhp-I-bnXs Fv bqkp^v: 110- ]d-n-p-v.
bq\p-kns P\-X-bpsS DZm-l-cWw "Ah s]mdp--ens\ tXSnsm-ncnptm Amlp Ahsc inn-p-X-' F-Xn\v sXfn-hmWv. bq\p-kv: 98 Amlp ]d-bpp: Hcp \mnse \nhm-kn-Ipw inn--s-Sm t]mIp
kb-av hnizm-kn-I-fmbn amdnb-Xp-sImv D]-Im-cw e`n-n-n; bq\p-kns P\-Xm-sX. in-bpsS Bc-hmcw I-tm Ah Am-lp-hn-t\mSv s]mdp--ens\
tXSp-Ibpw X^-e-am-bn Cl-n Ah-cpsS in Zqco-I-cn-p-I-bpw, Hcp \nnX
Ah-[n-h-sc Ahv hn`h \IpIbpw sNbvXp. _Jd: 57, hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
34. Amlp Ahsc inn-m-Xn-cn-m Fp-X-Sw akvPn-Zp ldan\nv Ah P\sf XS-bp-hc
- m-bnsmn-cn-s. Ah AXns
kwc--I-cmIm Alcpa, \nbw Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n
kqnp-h-msX AXns kwc--Icpw ]cn-]m-e-I-cp-am-Im
AlX-bn-Xs. Fm Ahcn A[n-I-t]cpw Adnhnm--h-cmIpp.
Xu_: 17, Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm- h-Im-i
- f
- n ]p-tNp apivcnpIv, Ah kzbw \ntj-[-n\p kmyw hln-p--h-cm-bn-cns, ]n-I-fpsS
ssIIm-cy-Im--fm-Im Ah-Im-i-an-s-pw, Aq--cpsS {]h-\--sfmw
\njv^-e-am-sW-pw, Ah \c-I-n imiz-X-cm-sWpw ]d-n-p-v. 18, \nbw ]n-I-fpsS ssIIm-cy-Im-, Am-lp-hnepw Ay-Zn-\-nepw hniz-knp-I-bpw \a-kvImcw \ne-\np-I-bpw kwkvI-cW {]h-\- \S-n-em-pI-bpw Am-lp-hn-s\-b-msX am-scbpw `b-s-Sm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--h- am{XamWv. Aq-v Ah kamK-n-em-sWv {]Xo-n-msav ]d-n-p-v. _Jd:
2, 114, An-km-Av: 133, amCZ: 54, A^m: 25 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
35. Am-lp-hns `h\-n- Ah-cpsS \a-kvImcw ssIsImpw Nqfw hnfnbp-a-msX asm-p-a-. Atm \n \ntj-[n-Ifmbn-cp--XvsImv
in cpNnp sImpI.
Pmln-en--n Ah-cpsSA-d-_n-I-fp-sS\a-kvIm-chpw {]m-\-bp-samw
Bpw hnfn-bp-am-bn-cp-p. Amlphnep hnizm-k-sshI-ey-amWv AXn\p ImcWw. A-Bw: 91 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Cv Jp-B\ns Bi-b-an-msX JpB-t\m-Xp--h-cp-sSbpw \a-kvI-cn-p--h-cp-sSbpw Ah amapivcnp-I-fpsS
Ah Xs-bm-Wv. An-km-Av: 43, AAvdm^v: 205 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
112
JpB\ns Bmhv
Cs Cu Ah \_n ZoL-ho-Ww sNbvXn-p--Xm-Ip-p, Ah-cpsS ]nI henb tIm{Iov ku[--fm-bn-cn-pw, AhnsS kamKw Jp-B\ns
Bibw Dm-bn-cn-p-I-bn-. Cv temI-s-hn-sSbpw Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tnt- -h
- n[w ]TnpI-tbm, ]Tn-n-p-Itbm sNp-n-. Jp-B\ns Bi-ba
- n-msX
{]m-\-Iv Dcw e`n-p-I-tbm, I- kzoI-cn--s-Sp-Itbm Csp
_Jd: 186 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ]d-n-p-v.
\n \ntj-[n-I-fm-bnsmn-cp--Xn\v Ctm in cpNn-p-sIm-p-Isbp ]d- - X ns hnh- , Ah- c psS {]m\mcoXn hyXn- N - e n- Xp
t]mses (A^m: 32), in Cd-p--Xv BIm-ip\np inemhjtam AXp-t]m-ep aphintbm Bbn-cn-p-sa-p Ah-cpsS [mcW
Xncp-p-I-bpw, _Zv bp-n Ahp-mb ]cm-Pbw A-s\-bp(Ah
{]mnv hmnb) in-bm-sW-pw Nqn-m-Wn-p-I-bpamWnhn-sS. (A^m:
19). Ben-Cw-dm: 10, 106, ABw: 6567 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
36. \n-b-w kXy-nshntcm[n-I, Am-lp-hn-s amK-n \nv P\sf XS-bp--Xn\pthn X-fpsS [\w sNe-h-gn-p--h Xs-bmWv. Atm Ah sNe-h-gnp sImn-cn--s]ns Ahv Xs
AXv s\SpwtJZ-n\v ImcWambno-cp-Ibpw, ]no-S-h AXn-P-bnsSpIbpw sNpXmWv. Ah-km\w Cu kXy-\n-tj-[n-Isf \c-In-tev Hcp-anpIq-s-Sp-Xp-am-Wv.
Xu_: 6768, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifmb ]pcp-jamcpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn--I-fmb
kv{XoIfpw Htc hK-n s]-h-cm-Ip-p. Ah Xn In-p-Ibpw \ hntcm[n-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. Ah Ah-cpsS ssII Npcp-phcpw Am-lp-hns\
ad--h-cpw, Atm Amlp Ahsc ad-h-cp-am-Ip-p. \nbw I]-S-hn-izm-knI Xs-bm-Ipp sXmSnI. Ahpw \ntj-[-n-\p-ta \ntj[w ssIsImp \ntj-[n-Ipw \c-I-pnse Xo hmKvZw sNbvXn-p-s-pw AhcXn imiz-X-cm-bn-cn-p-sa-pw Amlp Ahsc i]n-n-p-s-pw Ahv mbnbmb in-bp-spw ]d-n-p-v.
kq-n ]d Am-lp-hns amKw, kXyw, \ XpS-n-bXv sImv
Dt-in-p-Xv Cv Jp-B-\ns Bibw am{X-amWv. AXv ]Tn-p-Xpw ]Tn-np--Xp-amWv a\pjynim-Np-- XS-bp-I. Ah AXn-\pthn Ah-cpsS kzm[o\hpw kpw A[n-Im-c-hp-samw hn\n-tbm-Kn-p--Xm-Wv. AXvhgn, temIv
\S-p Fm Xn-I-fp-sSbpw ]m]-`m-c-n \nv Hcp hnlnXw kzoI-cnv, Ah
hnNm-c-W-bn-msX \c-I-ns ASn--n t]mIp--Xp-am-Wv. ^mnl: 7, _Jd:
159-162, Ben-Cw-dm: -12, 182, An-km-Av: 85, 91, 145, amCZ: 82, 86 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
37. ]cn-ip-a
- m-bX
- n\nv t-am-bX
- ns\ Am-lp-hn\v thXncn-tXn\pw,
A^m (8)
113
Fmhn[ t-X-Isfbpw Hcp-anv Ipp-Iqn \c-I-n Xt--Xn\pw

thn-bmWnXv. Aq- Xs-bm-Ipp Fmw \jvS-s--h.
_Zv, DlvZv XpS-nb bp-f
- pw AXp-t]m-ep kw`-h
- fpw Amlp Xs
\n-bnp \S-n-em-p-Xv, ]cn-ip--am-b-Xn-s\bpw t-ambXns\bpw thXncn-dnbm\mIp-p. kXyhpw Ak-Xyhpw Hmtcm \^vkn\pw \In-bn-p-v, Ah-c-h
AXp Xncn--dnv Pohn-X-eyw kmm-XvI-cn-m {ian-t--Xm-Ip-p. Amlp-hns\ Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv Xncn--dn-bp-I-bpw, kzK-n-tev Xs
Xncn-p-t]m-hp-I-bp-amWv Pohn-X-e-yw. B ey-n\nv kzbw XS-bp-I-bpw,
P\-sf XS-bp-Ibpw sNp--h \c-I-n-te-p Ah-cpsSthKX Iqp-I-bmWv
sNp--Xv. Ah-cpsS sXmen-I-fpw tIhnbpw ImgvN-bp-samw Ahs-Xn-cmbn
\msf kmyw hln-p--XpamWv. _Jd: 121, BenCw-dm: 136, 177-180, 182, 185,
AnkmAv: 140, amCZ: 94, 100, ABw: 25-26 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
38. Ccw \ntj-[n-I-tfmSv ]d-bp-I: Ah hnc-an-p-I-bm-sW-n apv
Ignp-t]mbsXmw Ahv s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-sSp-X
- m-Wv. Fm
Ah AXn-{I-a-Imcn-I-fmhpI-bm-sW-n-tem, \nbw apKm-an-I-fn
]peNcy A-hv ap-dn-bn-mbn Ignpt]m-bnp--Xm-W-tm.
Adn-hn-mbvasImv Fp sXpsN-bvXmepw sXp-a-\-n-emn ]m--]np--hp Amlp s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xm-Wv. DlvZv bp-n \ntj-[n-IfpsS {]Xy--n-ep hnP-b-n\v Imc-W-mcmb JmenZv_v\p heo-Zn-s\-bpw
A_q-kp^vbms\-bp-samw Amlp Ah Xr]vXn-s Pohn-X-N-cy-bmb Ckveman-tev sImp-h-cn-I-bp-m-bn. _Jd: 66, Ben-Cw-dm: 8991, An-km-Av: 17-18,
146147, A^m: 1920 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
39. hnizm-kn-Itf \n, \mian-m-XmIpXphsc-bpw Zo apgp-h Amlp-hn-\m-bno-cp-Xphscbpw Ah-tcmSv bpw sNp-I. C\n Ah hncan-p-I-bm-sW-n, Atm \nbw Amlp Ah-cpsS {]h-\sf hon-p-sIm-n-cn-p--h XsbmIpp.
40. C\n Ah ]nn-cn-bp-I-bm-sW-n-tem, Atm \n Adn-n-cn-pI, \nbw AmlphmIpp \n-fpsS cm-[n-Im-cn-bmb bP-am-\-.
F{X\ cm-[n-Im-cn, F{X-\ klmbn!
_Jd: 190-193, 256, 286, Ben-Cw-dm: 3032, 156-160, amCZ: 105 kq--fpsS
41. \n Adn-bp-Ibpw sNp-I, \nbw \n Ic--am-nb bp-apX-ep-Ifn \np- An-semv, Am-lp-hn\pw {]hm-N-I\pw _ppw A\m-Y-Ipw AK-Xn-Ipw hgn-bm-{X-mp-ap--Xm-Ip-
114
JpB\ns Bmhv
p. \n Am-lphns\smpw kXym-kXy hnth-N-\-\mfn--Ccp
kwL- ]c-kv]cw Gp-ap-nb Znhkw \psS Zmks ta \mw Cdn-bXv sImpw hniz-kn-p--h-cm-sW-n. Amlp Fm-Im-cypw in-bp k-i- Xs-b-tm.
bp-ap-X Am-lp-hns Zm\-am-sW-pw, AXns\pdnv Xocp-am\w Inm-\p A[n-Imcw Am-lp-hn\pw Ahs dkq-en\pw am{X-am-sWpw kqdns
BZy-n {]kvXm-hn-n-cp--tm. Cu kq-n \nmWv bp-ap-X-en\v "Kz\oav' F t] e`n-n-p--Xv. "A^m' Fm sFOn-I-am-bn-p-Xv FmWv Bi-bw. AXm-bXv bq-ns eyw bpapX t\Sp-I-sb--X-, AXv
sFOn-I-ambn e`n-p--Xm-Wv. AXv `mKn-pXn\p \nb-a-amWv ChnsS hnh-cnn-cn-p--Xv. -Am-lp-hn-sbpw dkq-en-sbpw hnlnXw FXp Hp-X-s-bm-Wv.
AXm-bXv An-sem-v. AXv Am-lp-hns hN\ns D-a-\-n-\pw kXy-Zo\ns ]ptcm-K-Xnpw D]-tbm-Knm\p--Xp-am-Wv.
Ben-Cw-dm: 161-162 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Cv bpapX e`n--
coXn-bn-ep bp-an-, adnv Jp-B Bibw aqSn-sh-p Im^n-dp-I-tfm-Spw
I]ShnizmknItfmSpw ^pJm: 52 {]Imcw PnlmZv sNm-\mWv I]n-n-p--Xv.
Bb-Xn-\m kZ-J-bpw kIm-p-a-S--ap Fmw Xs, Cv Amlphns\bpw
dkq-en-s\bpw Pohn-n-m thn- Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-m\pw ]Tn-nm\pamWv sNe-h-gn-t--Xv. AXmWv ]nim-Nns\ \nb-{n-m\pw t\cn-Sm-\p-ap
Ghpw in-tb-dnb Bbp-[w. ss]im-Nn-I-amb Xo{hhmZw, hKo-b-X, c-sm-cnn Fmw XS-bm-\p GI Bbp-[hpw AXp-X-s.
"\mw \psS Zmk\v Cd-n-sIm-Sp-Xv' FXvsImp hnh-, _Zv
Zn\-n hnizm-kn-Iv hnPbw t\Sn-sm-Sp Am-lp-hns klm-b-am-Wv.
_Zv Zn\-nse hnizm-kn-I-fpsS hnPbw Imcy-Im-c-W _-v AXo-X-am-bncp-p. A^m: 17 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
42. \n aZo-\-tbm-S-Sp Xmgvhc-bnepw, Ah aZo-\-bn \nv AI
Xmgvhc-bnepw, I-hSkwLw \nv Xm-sg-bp {]-tZ-i-p-w Bb
k`w Hmp-hn, ]c-kv]cw Gp-ap-m \n t\cs Xocp-am-\n-Xm-bn-cp-sn, Xo-bmbpw Cu k`-n \n ]nam-dn--fbpIXs sNp-am-bn-cpp. Fm \n-bn--s, kw`-hn-t HcpImcyw \S-n hcp-m thnbmWv Amlp C-\-sbmw kw`-hnn--Xv. \in-t--h hy-amb sXfn-thm-Sp-IqSn \in-t--Xn-\pw,
Pohn-t--h hy-amb sXfnthmSpIqSn Pohn-t--Xn\p-am-Ipp
AXv. \nbw Amlp Fmw tIp--h-\pw, Fmw Adn-bp--h\pw
Xs-b-tm.
A^m: 78 kq-fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. ]c-kv]cw Gp-ap-m
A^m (8)
115
\n t\cs Xocp-am-\n--Xm-bn-cp-s-n, Xo-bmbpw Cu k`-n

\n ]nam-dn-f
- b
- pI Xs sNp-am-bn-cp-p Fp-]d
-
X
- v, abn \np
A_q-Pm-ln-ens t\Xr-Xz-n-ep Bbnctmfw hcp kwL-tmSp Gp-apm- aZo-\-bnshp Xs t\cs Xocp-am-\n-n-cppshn AXv \S-p-am-bncp-n-ImcWw A{X-h-enb kwL-tmSv G-ap-m hnizm-kn-I-v inbpw
kwL-_-e-hp-ap-m-bn-cp-n-. Amlp t\cs Xocp-am-\n-p-d-npsh Hcp-Imcy-am-b-Xn-\m, _Zvdnsen-b-tm \in-t--hsc hy-amb sXfn-thm-Sp-IqSn
\in-n-p--Xn-\pw Pohn-t--hsc hy-amb sXfnthmSpIqSn Pohn-n-p--Xn\pw
thn, sNdnb kwLs henb kwL-tmSp Gp-ap-n-n-v Am-lp-hns kwLw
F{X sNdp-Xm-sW-nepw Ah-XsbmWv hnP-bn-pI Fv sXfn-bn-p-IbmWv
sNbvXXv. bp-sa- Fm kw`-h-fpw \-S-n-em-p-Xv BIm-i-`q-an-I krjvSnp-Xn\v apvXs Xocp-am-\n--s--X-\p-kcnv hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw I]-Shnizmkn-I-sfbpw thXn-cnp-Xn\v thn-bmWv. _Jd: 157, Ben-Cw-dm: 173, ABw:
59, A^m: 19 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
43. \ns Dd--n, Amlp \n-hsc F-n IpdpImWnpXXv Hmt-Xm-Wv. Ah \n\v Ahsc F-n IqSp-Xembn ImWn-p-X-n-cpqshn, Xo-bmbpw \n-fpsS at\m-ss[cyw
bn-p-I-bpw, Imcyn \n ]c-kv]cw Xnp `nn-p-Ibpw
sNp-am-bn-cp-p. Fm Amlp \n-sf- A-Xn\nv cn-p.
\nbw Ah s\pI-fpsS Ah--b-dn-bp--h-\-tm.
_Zvdn-te-p hgn-a-ty-bmWv \_nv Cu kz]v\-Zi-\-ap-m-b-Xv. BenCw-dm: 13 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
44. cp-kw-Lhpw ]c-kv]cw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn--tm Amlp \n-fpsS
ImgvNbn i{Xp-sf Ipd-p-Im-Wn--Xpw, Ah-cpsS ImgvNbn \nsf
Ipd-p-Im-Wn-Xpw Hmt--Xm-Wv. \n-bn--s, kw`-hn-t HcpImcyw \S-n hcp-m thnXs-bm-bn-cpp AXv. Fm-Im-cy-fpw
Am-lp-hn-tev Xs aS--s-Sp--XpamWv.
45. Hm hnizm-kn-It- f, \n-sfmcp ]Ssb t\cnSp-tm sscy-tmsS Ddp
\ne-sIm-p-I-bpw, Am-lp-hns\ [mcm-f-ambn Hm-p-Ibpw sNp-I\n hnPbw hcn-pI Xs thW-sa--Xn\pthn.
Ben-Cw-dm: 130, 200, amCZ: 35, 90, 100, AAvdm^v: 69, lv: 77, Aq: 31,
PpapA: 10 XpS-nb kq--sfmw Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, \n- hnPbw hcn-pI
Xs thW-sa--Xn\pthn- F Bi-b-n-em-Wv. _Jd: 5, 152, 250, Ben-Cwdm: 173, 200 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
46. \n Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs ZqX-s\bpw A\p-k-cn-p-Ibpw ]c-
116
JpB\ns Bmhv
kv]cw Ie-ln-mXn-cn-pIbpw sNphn, \n ]c-kv]cw `nnm
\n-fpsS Imp-t]m-Ip--Xp-amWv. \n an-p-hn, \n-bw Amlp
am-ep--tfm-sSm--am-Ip-p.
_Jd: 153, BenCwdm: 103 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Am-lphns kwL-amb hnizm-kn-I Hcp icocw IWs Hn-t-Xm-Wv. Am-lphns amK-n HcpaXnsIs-tmWw H-s-mbn bpw sNp hnizm-knIsf Amlp CjvS-s-Spp Fv Az-^v: 4 ]d-n-p-v.
\n- f psS "Imp- t ]m- I p- s a- v ' kq- n ]d- Xns hnh,
hml\ns Sb-dn-ep Imv \jvS-s-m B hml\w F{]-Imcw D]-tbm-K-iq\y-am-Iptam, A{]-Imcw hnizm-kn-I ]c-kv]cw `nnm eyw t\Sp--Xn
]cm-P-b-s-Sp-sa-mWv. {Kn `nn--h-scmw apivcnp-I-fpw ]nimNns
kwLhpam-sWp _Jd: 137, 176 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I. ]nim-Nns
kwLms-c (ap-Pm-Zne: 19) Amlp CjvS-s-Sp-n-. _Jd: 208, Ben-Cw-dm: -106
47. \n Hcn-epw tIaw\Sn-vsImv P\-sf ImWn-p--h-cmbpw,
Am-lp-hns amKssmv P\-sf XS-bp--h-cmbpwsImv XfpsS hoSp- I - f n\nv ]pd- s - - h sctmse BImXncn- p- h n.
AmlphmIs Ah-cpsS {]h-\--sfmw hebw sNbvXn-cn-p-p.
Ip-Ip-Snv BSn-mSn B`m-S-]qw Rsf XS-bm Bcp-s `mhn a-bn\nv Cd-n-n-cn kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fmb Jpssdin ]Ssb t]mse
hnizm-kn-Itf \n BI-cp-Xv. \n Am-lp-hns\ [mcmfw kvacn-p--h-cpw
Ah-\n `c-tan--h-cpw Ah-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-cp-am-hp-I. Am-lphns klm-bhpw al-mb hnP-bhpw hcn-Ibpw, P\- Iqw Iq-ambn Amlp-hns Zo\n {]th-in-p-Xv ImWp-Ibpw sNbvXm \o \ns dns\ kvXpXnpsImv Ahs\ hmgvp-Ibpw s]mdp-e
- ns\ tXSp-Ibpw sNp-I. \nbw Ah
Gsd ]m-m]w kzoI-cn-p--h-\tm FmWv kqd: A-kzvdn \_ntbmSpw
hnizm-kn-I-tfm-Sp-ap Am-lp-hns I]-\. Am-ev am{X-a-, Ah-km-\-\m
hsc-bp P\-p amK\ntZ-i-amWv Cu kq-. Fm Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n \nv t]mb-Xn-\m Cv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsSbpw apkvenwkwL-S-\-m-cp-sS-bp-samw kz`m-h-fpw {]hn-Ifpw, am apivcnp-I-fp-tS-Xnt\-m [nm-c-]-chpw Almc-{]-a--hp-am-sWv Jp-B-\ns Bibw DImgvNm-Zm-b-Iambn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--hv a\-n-em-m-hp--XmWv. ^pkzn-ev:
15 lqZv \_n-bpsS kap-Zm-b-amb BZv kap-Zm-b-spdnv, Atm BZv \ymbw
IqSmsX `qa-nbn Al--cnp, R-sf-m iam-cm-cpv F-h tNmZn-pIbpw sNbvXp. Ahsc krj-Sn Amlp Ahscm i-\m-sWv Ah a\n-em-p-nt? Ah \psS kq--tfmSv hntcm-[w-shv Xn-p--h-cp-ambn-cp-p Fv ]d-n-pv. Ben-Cw-dm: 79, ABw: 104, 123 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
A^m (8)
117
Cv Am-lp-hns amKssmv P\-sf XS-bpIsbv ]dm

Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n \nv P\-sf XS-b-emWv. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\v
hncp--ambn Pohn-p apkvenw-I-fpsS Pohn-X-coXn Inv, ap P\-hn-`m-K-
JpB\pw apl-Zv \_n-bp-amWv Chsc C{]-Imcw {Iqcamcpw Xo{h-hm-Zn-Ifpw
hKo-b-hm-Zn-Ifpamn-bXv Fv sXn--cn--psImv Jp-B Fv, Fn-\v,
FvsImv? Fv a\-n-em-m t]mepw Xp\n-bpn-. As\ Ch `qan
AXns kp-e-\-n \ne-\nm-\p Xpem-kv kzbw D]-tbm-Kn-m-Xn-cn-pIbpw ap--hv D]-tbm-Kn-m \Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpI hgn `qan-bpsS
\mi-ns Imc-W-m-cmbn amdp-I-bm-Wv. ABw: 26, AAvdm^v: 179 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
Cv cw Nn- \n-em-m\pw, am\pjnIsFIyw \S-n hcpn
imnbpw kam-[m-\hpw \ne-\nm\pw D GI-hgn bp-a-, adnv Jp-B\ns
BibwsImp PnlmZv am{X-am-Wv. AXpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfm-Spw, Jp-B
Inn-bnv AXv kzbw D]-tbm-Kn-mXncn-p-I-bpw, ap--hv \ImXn-cn-p-Ibpw
sNp Ip^v^m-dp-I-tfm-Sp-am-Wv. ^pJm: 52, lv: 78, Xu_: 73 Iqn-hm-bnpI. _Jd: 204206, Ben-Cw-dm: 188, An-km-Av: 94,108 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
48. ]nimNv Ah-cpsS {]h-\- Ahv Ae-m-c-amn ImWn
k`hpw Hmt-Xm-Wv. Ah ]d-p, Cp P\--fn Bpw
\nsf AXn-P-bn-m-\m-hn, Rm \n-fpsS IqsS-bp-v. Fm
cp-kw-Lhpw apJm-apJw Gp-ap-n-b-tm Ah app-a-Sn ]nncnpIfp, Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp: Rm \n-tfmSp _n\nv tamNn-X-\m-bn-cn-pp, \nbw \n ImWm-Xp Rm
ImWp-pv, \n-bw Rm Am-lp-hns\ `b-s-Sp-p, Amlp ITn-\ambn inn-p--h Xsbtm.
liv: 1617 ]nimNns Cu kz`mhw hnh-cn-n-p-v. Ah a\p-jy-t\mSv,
\o \ntj-[n-p-I-sbp ]d-bp-I-bpw, As\ Ah \ntj-[n-bm-b-tm, Rm
\ntm-Sp _n \np tamNn-X-\m-Wv, \nbw Rm k-tem-I--fpsSbpw DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hns\ `b-s-Spp Fv ]d-bp-I-bIpw, As\ Ah
cp-t]-cp-sSbpw(a-\p-jy-sbpw Pnp-Iq-p-Im-c\
- mb ]nim-Nn-s-bpw) ]cn-WnXn Ah
cp-t]cpw \c-I-n imizXcmbn-op FXpamWv. AXmWv A{I-anIp {]Xn-^-ew. ]nimNv \msf ]c-tem-Iv hn[n Ign--tijw hp-]-dbpXmWv: Amlp \n-tfmSp bYm hmKvZw sNbvXp, Rm\pw \n-tfmSp
hmKvZw sNbvXp. Atm Rm sNbvX hmKvZ
- a
- nXm ewLn-n-cn-p-p, F\nv
\n-fn Hcp A[n-Im-c-hpw\n-sf-sbmp hnfnp t\mp-I-sb--msXDmbn-cp-n-, Atm \n Fs hnfn-p-cw \In. AXp-sImv \n
Fs Ip-s-Sp-t-, \n \nsf Xs Ip-s-Sp-p-I. Rm \n-fpsS
c-I-s\m-p-a-, \n Fsbpw c-I-c-. ùXn-I-tem-Ipshp \n
118
JpB\ns Bmhv
Fs ]m-fn-bmbn hcn-Xp Rm\nXm \ntj-[n-p-p. \nbw Jp-B Innbnv Xn- - d - b p A{I- a n- I v thZ- \ m- P - \ - I - a mb in- b m- W p- Xv Fv
C_vdmlow: 22 ]d-n-pv.
kzKhpw \c-Ihpw Ah-c-h ChnsS ]Wn-tb--XmWv, AmsX \c-I-nem-bnv Bscbpw]nim-Nns\ XsbpwIp-s-Sp-m km[y-a-sv ap-dn-bnv
\Ip-I-bmWv Cu kqw. Atm Jp-B\ns Bibhpambn _-sv PohnX-eyw kmm-XvI-cn--emWv hnizm-kn-bpsS [w. Ben-Cw-dm: 136, 182, Ankm-Av: 117-121 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
49. I]-S-hn-izmkn-Ifpw, X-fpsS lrZ-b--fn kwi-b-am-Ip tcmK-ap-hcpw, C-q-sc Ch-cpsS Zo hn-n-cn-p-p Fp]d-p-sIm-n-cp k`hpw Hmt-XmWv. Fm Bsc-nepw Am-lp-hn `ctan-p-p-sh-n, \nbw Amlp AP--\mb bpn--\-tm.
aZo-\-bnse I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw, ùXnIPohnX hn`--fn BIr--cmbn Amlp-hns\ ad, lrZ-b--fn kwi-b-am-Ip tcmKw _m[n Bfp-Ifpw hnizm-knIsf ]cn-l-knp ]d--Xm-Wn-Xv. AXm-bXv kwL-_-ehpw {]Xm-]-hp-an-m
Hcp- sNdn-b-kwLw, Jpssd-in-Isftmep Hcp alm-i-nsb t\cn-Sm CdpIhgn Ah kzbw \mi-n-tev FSp-vNm-Sp-I-bm-sWv IW-pIqn, Cu
t]mcm--n hnizm-kn-I-fpsS IY Ign-Xp Xs F-h ktm-jn-p.
JpB\ns amkva-cn-I- i-n-sImv apl-Zns ambm-Pm-e-n hn-X-cmbn
Ah Ahsc kzbw \in- n- p- I - b mWv sNp- - X v F- h A\p- a m- \ np.
BenCwdm: 119, 154 hnio-Z-I-cWw t\mp-I.
^Xlv: 6 am-hn-Pbw kw`-hn-nXv I]Shnizm-kn-If
- mb ]pcp-jam-scbpw
kv{XoI-sfbpw Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp ]pcp-jamscbpw kv{XoI-sfbpw inn-p--Xn\v thn-bmWvA-h Am-lphns\pdnv
Ghpw Zpjn Nn-shv ]pen, Fm AhcpsS-ta Xs-bmWv Ghpw
Zpjn iIp-\-ap--XvAmlphns tIm]w Ah-cn hjn-p-Ibpw Ahsc i]n-p-Ibpw Ahv \c-I-IpWvTw Hcp-n-sh-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. F{X tamis aS---ew! Fv ]d-n-p-v. kq-n ]d X-fpsS lrZ-b-fn kwi-b-am-Ip tcmK-ap--h Xu_: 68, 73, Xlvcow: 9 kq--fn ]d
Ip^v^m-dp-I-fpw Alvkm_v: 73-, ^Xlv: 6, _n\: 6 kq--fn ]d Am-lphns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp apivcnp-I-fp-am-Wv. ^mnl: 7
]d hgn-]n-g--h-cpw, An-km-Av: 140, ^pzn-ev: 29 kq--fn ]d
Im^n-dp-I-fp-am-Wh. apkvenw kwL-S-\m-t\-Xm-fpw Ahsc A-ambn ]n]p
km[m-c-W-m-cp-amWv Cv Cu cv Iq. Atm hnizm-kn-I ^mnl: 7
]mcm-bWw sNp-tm Cu cvIq--cnepw Ds-Sp--cp-tX-mWv a\-n IcptX--Xv. BenCw-dm: 156, AAvdm^v: 176 hnio-Z-I-cWw t\mp-I.
A^m (8)
119
50. Ccw \ntj-[n-IsfA-h-cpsS apJ--fnepw ]nh-i--fnepw ASn-psIm-pw, \n Icn-p in cpNn-p-sIm-p-I-sbv ]d-p

sImpwae-p-I acn-n-p k`w \o ImWp-I-bm-sW-n (C-hcpsS Cu [nmc-n a\w app--h-\m-Ipambn-cp-n).
ChnsS ]d \ntj-[n-Ifpw _Jd: 6 ]d \ntj-[n-Ifpw I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-fmWv. A-Bw: 93, 130, AAvdm^v: 37 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
51. AXv \n-fpsS ssII \np-thn Hcp-n-sh-X
- m-Ip-p, \nbw
Amlp Ahs ASn-a-ItfmSp A]wt]mepw A\oXn ImWn-p--h-\ Xs.
lv: 10mw kqhpw CtX Bi-b-n-ep--Xm-Wv. liv: 18, Amlp
hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnp ]d-bp-p: Hmtcmcpcpw \mtf-p-thn FmWv Hcp-nsh-n-p--sXp t\mnm-Wp-I. \n Am-lp-hns\ kqn-p-I, Amlp
\n-fpsS {]h-\--sfmw hebw sNbvX-h Xs-bm-Ip-p. kzKhpw \cIhpsamw Hmtcm-cp-cpw Cl-tem-Ipshp Xs ]Wn-b-pXm-sWv Cu
kqhpw ]Tn-n-p-p. _Jd: 94-95, 286, Ben-Cw-dm: 182 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
52. ^n-Hu {]`r-Xn-Isftmse, Ahv app--hsctmsebpw, Ah
Am-lp-hns Bb-p-I AwKo-I-cn-p-hm hnk--Xn-p. Atm
Amlp Ah-cpsS ]m]--fpsS t]cn Ahsc ]nSn-Iq-Sn. \nbw
Amlp i-\pw ITn-\-ambn inn-p-h\pw Xs-btm.
^n-Hu-s\bpw \wdqZn-s\-bp-samw Ah kXyadnp \ntj-[n-p I]-Shn-izm-kn-I-fmb sXmSnI-fmbtmgmWv (Xu_: 67) \in-n-n-p--Xv. Cu kqn ]d Bb-p-IsImpt-in-p-Xv ^n-Hu {]`r-Xn-I-fpsS Imcyn AAvdm^v: 133- hni-Zo-I-cn--h-bm-Wv, aphsc-p-dn-m-hp-tm JpB kq-f
- p-am-Wv. Ah aqSn-shv Fm-hcpw sXm-Sn-If
- m-hp-tm-gmWv Amlp
Hcp P\-Xsb \in-n-p-I. ABw: 47, AAvdm^v: 146-147 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
53. AXv \nbw Amlp Hcp P\-Xv \Inb A\p-{K-l- Ah
Xs kzbw amp--Xp-hsc Amlp amp-I-bn-- F Ncyb-\p-k-cn-mWv.
\n-bw, Amlp Fmw tIp-- k--\tm.
d-AvZv: 11epw \nbw Amlp Hcp P\-Xsb Ah kzbw amdpXphsc
amp-I-bn-sp ]d-n-p-v. AXm-b-Xv, Amlp \njv]--hm-\m-Wv. Hmtcm-cppw \bpw Xnbpw sImSp-n-p-v. Amlp \Inb A\p-{K-l- D]tbm-K-s-Spn kzKw ]Wn-Xm Ahp XsbmWv AXns KpWw. Amlp-hns\bpw Ahs A\p-{K-l--sfbpw ad-p-sImv Pohn-X-eyw \jvS-s-Spn-bm AXns tZmjhpw Ah-c-hv Xs. \miw Ah-cpsS ssII hcpn-op--Xm-Wv. \nbw "AXv' Fp]-d--Xns hnh-, 52- ]d,
120
JpB\ns Bmhv
Am-lp-hns kq- aqSn-sh-pI hgn Ah-cpsS {]h-\- (\-a-kvImcw, t\mv....) Ip-I-c-ambn amdp-tm-gmsX, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\mb Amlp Hcp P\X-sbbpw \in-n-p-I-bn Fm-Wv. Ghpw henb A\p-{Klw Jp-B-\m-Wv.
AAvdm^v: 150, 178 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
54. ^n-Hu {]`r-Xn-Is
- ftmsebpw Ahv app-hsctmsebpw, Ah
X-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mYs Bb-pI Xn--d-p. Atm AhcpsS Ip- ImcWw \mw Ahsc \in-n-p. ^n-Hu {]`r-Xn-Isf
\mw apn-sm-p, Ah-scmhcpw A{I-anI Xs-bm-bn-cp-p.
AAvdm^v: 37, 41, 146-147, 176, A^m: 48 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
55. \nbw Am-lp-hns ASp- Poh-Pm-e--fnshp Ghpw Xntb-dn-b-h kXyadnp aqSn-sh-p--h-cpw, ]no-sSm-cn-epw B
kXyn hniz-kn-m Xm-dm-hm--h-cp-am-Ip-p.
56. Ah-cn \nph \ntmSv DS-S- n-Ifpw Icm-dpIfpw sNp-Ib
- pw, ]ns
Fm{]mh-iyhpw B DS--Sn-I ewLn-p-I-bpw sNp--h-cm-W-h.
Ah Am-lp-hns\ Xosc kqnm-h-cp-am-Ip-p.
Xu_: 1, 4 kq--fn ]d aZo-\-bn-ep-m-bn-cp PqX-cp-sSbpw, am
apivcnp-I-fp-sSbpw kz`m-h-am-bn-cpp CsX-n, Cv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fn-emWv Cu
kz`mhw IqSp-X ImWp--Xv. Ah-cpsS {]Xy--amb kz`m-h, hmb s]mfnm \pW-]-d-bp-I, hmKvZw sNbvXm ewLn-p-I, hniz-kn-m hn-pI
XpS- n- b - h - b m- s Wp \_n ]Tn- n- n- p- v . Alv : 91, Am- l p- h ns\
ap\nn-sImv sNp DS--Sn-I \n ]qn-bm-p-I, Am-lp-hns\
kmn-bm-n-sImp {]Xn--I ewLn--bp-a-cp-Xv, AXn Am-lp-hns\
\n- -tat\m-m-c-\m-n-bn-p-tm, Xo-bmbpw Amlp \n {]hnp--sXmw Adn-bp-pv Fp-]-d-n-pv. Alv: 95, Ckvdm-Av: 34 kq Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. AAvdm^v: 179, A^m: 22 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-pI.
57. Atm Ahsc \n bp-n t\cnSp]w, Ahv ]pd-In-ep- h scqSn hnc- n- t bm- S n- p hn[- n hI- h - c p- p- I . Ah
lrZbwsImv kvacn-p--Xn\p thn.
Cv bp-an, Atm hmp-Ifpw Icm-dp-Ifpw ]men-m I]-S-hn-izm-knI-tfmSv lrZ-b-n Xpfv Ib-dp hn[-n-ep hmp-I ]d-bm-\mWv BenCw--dm: 119, An-km-Av: 63 Fo kq--fn In-n-p--Xv. AXvX-s-bmWv
^pJm: 52s I]\ \S-n-em-p Jp-BsIm-p Pnlm-Zpw. AAvdm^v:
58. \n Hcp P\-X-bn\nv h-\sb `b-s-Sp-I-bm-sW-n, Atm
A^m (8)
121
Ah-cp-am-bp Icm-dns\ Ccp-Iq-cpw Adn-bp hn[-n Ahv apntev Fdn-psImSpp-I. \nbw h-Iamsc Amlp CjvS-sSp-n-.
Cu kq-a-\p-k-cnv \map-ambn DS-Sn sNbvX Hcp P\X hn-p-sav
Bi-n-p-I-bm-sW-n Ah-cp-am-bp Icm- apdnv If-bm-hp--X-. ImcWw
Duls ]n]-pIsbXv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kz`m-h-a-. Fm hy-amb h\v sXfnhv e`n-m Ah-cp-ambn DS-Sn \ne-\np-Xv hnizm-kn-Iv tbmPn-Xpa-. \_n ]Tn-n-p:
Bsc-nepw Hcp P\-X-bp-ambn DS--Sn-bn-em-sW-n Imem-h[n Ign-bpXphsc AXns sI-gn--cp-Xv, AX-s-n ]c-k-v]cw Adn-p-sImv DSSn
Ah-cn-tev Fdn-p-sIm-Sp--Ww. lnPvd 6mw hjw lpssZ-_n-m-bn shv
Jpssd-in-Ifpw hnizm-kn-Ifpw Xn \S Icm {ItaW Ah ewLntm,
Ah-cp-ambn C\nsbmcp Icm-dn- Fv Xu_: 1 {]-Imcw Amlphnsbpw Ahs
ZqX-sbpw `mK-p-\n-p hnapn {]Jym-]-\-apmbn. Ckvem-an \pg-p-Ib--tam, ]Xn-bn-cp-p B{I-a-Wtam, Adn-bn-n-msX s]s-p B{I-a-W-tam,
Nmth t_mw_m-{I-a-Wtam Hpw Xs-bn-. AsXmw PqXam-cpsS kz`m-h-amWv. liv: 14 Ah-sc-p-dnv Amlp ]d-bpp: `{Z-amb tIm sIm-f-pn-embnsmtm, Npa-cp-Iv ]nn adp\np-sIm-tm A-msX {]Xy-ambn Ah \n-tfmSp H-s-mbn bpw sNp-I-bn-. Ahn-S-bn ]ckv]-c-ap hntZzjw AXn-I-Tn-\-am-Wv. Ah H-s-m-sW-v \n Icp-Xppshnepw Ah-cpsS lrZ-b- On-`n--am-Wv. Ah Nn-bn-m Hcp P\X
BbXpsImm-WXv. Cv temI-s-hn-sSbpw PqXam-cpsS Cu kz`mhw I]-S-hnizm-kn-I AtX-]Sn ]np-S-cp--Xmbn ImWmw. Ben-Cw-dm: 159, An-km-Av:
105-113 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
59. kXy-\n-tj-[n-I apI-Spw (P-bn-pw) Fh IW-p-Iq-tXn,
\nbw Ahv \s ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-m-\m-hn-.
C_vdmlow: 2829 Amlp ]d-bpp: Amlphns A\p-{Klw \ntj[ambn amn-a-dnhsc \o In-stbm? Ah X-fpsS P\-Xv t_md-am-cpsS
hoSv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-n-bn-cn-pp, AXm-bXv \c-I-pWvTw, AsX{X tami-s
Xmh-f-hp-am-Wv. kq-n ]d \ntj-[n-I t\Xm--fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-IfmWv. Ah Ah-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-Isf \c-I-n-tev sXfn-p--h-cpam-Wv. Ah
\c-I
- n-tev hnNm-cW
- b
- n-msX apI-S
- p-h
- c
- p-am-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm: 176-179, Ankm-Av: 145, AAv-dm^v: 40 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
60. Ahs-Xn-cn \n Ign-bp-{X in kw`-cn-p-I-bpw, kpk-amb IpXn-c--Ssb Hcpn \np-Ibpw sNp-hnAXp-hgn Am-lphn-s-bpw \n-fp-sSbpw i{Xp-sf `b-s-Sp-mw. AhscqSmsX
Ctm \np Adn-p-Iq-Sm--Xpw Am-lp-hn\v Adn-bp--Xp-amb
122
JpB\ns Bmhv
ap i{Xp--sfbpw. Am-lp-hns amKn \n sNeh-gn-p-sX-m-h-s AXns\mw kq-amb {]Xn-êw \nv \I-s-Sp-XmIp-p. \n-sfm-cn-epw A\oXn ImWn--s-Sp-hcmhpIbn.
Ckvdm-Av: 64, Xs i_vZw-sImpw Imem-S-sbbpw -Ip-Xn-c--Ssbbpw

a\p-jys-Xnsc \bnpsImpw Ah-cpsS k-nepw km-\--fnepw ]ptNpsImpw Ah-tcmSv taml-\-hm-KvZm\ sNbvXpsImpw \n\v km[np-sa-n Ahsc hgn-]ng-n-m-sav Amlp ]nimNn\v hcw sImSp--Xmbn
]d-n-p-v. An-km-Av: 118 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Fm Cv temI-s-hn-sSbpw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Hcp kwL-an-m--Xn-\m,
bp-an, adnp Jp-B aqSn-sh-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfmSv Jp-BsImv A[nI-cn PnlmZv am{X-am-Wp--sXv ^pJm: 52 ]d-n-p-v. AW--p-]-tbmKnv Jp-B ISn-p-]n-Snp \ne-sIm--W-sav \_n l-p hnZm-C ]d
Ime-L--am-Wn-Xv. Jp-B ]Tn-m\pw ]Tn-n-m\pw thn Fm A\p-{K-l-fpw
sNe-h-gn--emWv Cv Pohn-X-eyw kmm-XvI-cn-m-\p GI amKw. AXp
Xs-bmWv \n-fn Ghpw D-a, Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-I-bpw ]Tn-np-Ibpw sNp--h-\m-sWv \_n ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcpfpw. A-Bw: 157, AAvdm^v: 169-170 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
61. C\n- b - h kn- b n- t epw kam- [ m- \ - n- t epw Nmbpp- s h- n,
Atm \obpw AXn\p Xm-dm-hp-I. \o Am-lp-hn `c-tan-pIbpw sNp-I. \nbw Ah Fmw tIp-- k- X-sbtm.
An-km-Av: 90 hni-Zo-I-cWw Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
62. C\n Ah \ns hn-m-\mWpt-in-p--sX-n, Atm \n\v
Amlp aXn. Ah-\mWv \ns Ahs klm-bwsImpw hnizm-knIsfsmpw _es-Sp-n-bXv.
Ben-Cw-dm: 127, 159160 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. lv:
40, Am-lp-hns\ klm-bn-p--hsc Amlp klm-bn-pI Xs sNp-w,
\nbw Amlp i-hm-\pw AP--\p-wXsb-tm Fv ]d-n-pv. Cv
Am-lp-hns\ klm-bn-p-Xv Am-lp-hns\ a\p-jyp ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p-Xn\pthn Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-n-psIm-m-Wv. Cv bptam h[tam
C. Jp-B Inn-bnv Jp-B\ns Bi-bs aqSn-sh-p Im^n-dp-I-tfmSv
Jp-B sImp PnlmZv am{X-am-Wp--Xv. _Jd: 185 ]d samw a\pjyv kzK-n-tev Xncn-p-t]m-Im-\p kamK-amb SnvInn-bnv AXv
aqSn-sh-p Im^n-dp-I-tfmSv A[n-I-cn PnlmZv sNm-\mWv ^pJm: 52-
Amlp I]n-n-p--Xv. B P\-Xsb D]-{Z-hn-mepw Csnepw amw-h-cm
A^m (8)
123
\mb-tbmSpw (A-Avdm^v: 176), PqX-tcmSpw Igp-X-tbm-Spw (PpapA: 5) D]-an-n-cn-pp. Ah Xs-bmWv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS i{Xp--sf-pw, Amlp Ahsc sImpI-f-n-cn-p-p-shpw (ap-\m-^n-Jq: 4), C\n-b-h hniz-kn-p-I-bn (bq-\p-kv:
33) Fpw ]d-n-p-v. AAv-dm^v: 175176 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
63. Ah hnizm-kn-I-fpsS lrZ-b- Iqn-bn-W-p-I-bp-mbn. \o `qanbn-epsXmw sNe-h-gn-n-cp-psh-nepw Ah-cpsS lrZ-b- Iqn-bnW-m \n\v Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-n-. ]t Amlp Ahn-S-bn
CW-hpw sFIy-hp-ap-m-n. \nbw Ah AP--\mb bpn-\tm.
\_n ]Tn-np: \n Jp-B-t\m-Xp-I, \n-fpsS lrZ-b-hp-ambn AXp CWp-tm. Ah cpw Xn `nn-m, AXns\smp \n Fgp-t-p t]mhpI. Bi-b-an-msX Jp-B ]mcm-bWw sNbvXm Jp-B Ah-s\-Xn-cn
hmZn-p-sav CXns hni-Zo-I-c-W-n \_n ]Tn-n-np-v. Jp-B-\ns Bmhmb AnIv sImv am{X-amWv a\p-jy Ah-c-hscbpw {km-hn-s\bpw Pohn-Xe-yhpw Xncn--dn-bp--Xv. a\p-jy-scmw H Bm-hn \nv krn--s--h-cmsW-pw, B Bm-hns `-Whpw hkv{X-hp-amWv Jp-B\ns Bi-bamb
"AnIv' Fpw Xncn--dn--h-cmWv hnizm-kn-I. As\ Jp-B-\m-Ip ]miwsImv Ah-cpsS lrZbsf tImn-Wn Hm-p-Ibpw Amlphns GI
kwL-n Ds Spn Htc-e-yhpw Htc ico-c-hp-amn amp-I-bmWv sNp-Xv. Alvkm_v: 4 Amlp ]d-bpp: Hcmpw \mw ico-c-n cv lrZ-b sImSp-n-n. CXp-sIm-p-t-in-p-Xv Hcmfn hnizm-khpw Ahn-izm-khpw
Htc kabw kt-fn-p-I-bn FmWv. Jp-B e`n Hcm Hp-In hnizmkn
As-n I]-S-hnizmknbmbn-cn-pw. Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw-sImv hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw \ntj-[n-I-sfbpw Xncn--dn-bm--h a\p-jy-n-im-Np--fpw, {]hm-N-Is thjw
[cn-p--h-cpw `mj kwkm-cn-p--h-cp-amb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-Wv. Ahv `qanbnse kkzhpw Inn ]c-temIin-sb-smv ]I-cw-sIm-Sp-m-sav shm
Ah-cn\nv kzoI-cn-p-I-bn-sv Ben-Cw-dm: 90-91, amCZ: 36 kq--fpsS
hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ImWp-I. Fm Cv Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nv t]mhpI-hgn Htcho-n Xma-kn-p IpSpw-_mw-K- Xsbpw, sFIy-an-msX hn`n
Bi-b-mcpw, ]c-kv]cw Ie-ln-p--h-cp-ambn amdn-bn-cn-p-I-bmsWv Jp-B
DIm-gvN-mZm-b-Iambn D]-tbm-Kn-m ImWm-hp--Xm-Wv. An-kmAv: 115, AAvdm^v: 203, A^m: 24 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
64. Hm \_n-bm-bn-p-h
- t- \, \n\v Amlp aXn, hnizm-kn-If
- n\nv \ns
]n]-p-hcpw aXn.
Hm {]hm-NI
- m, \n\pw hnizm-kn-If
- n\nv \ns ]n]-p-hpw Amlp
aXn- Fpw Cu kq-n\v Bi-b-amImw. bq-kp^v: 108 Amlp \_n-tbmSpw
hnizm-kn-tbmSpw ]d-bm Bh-iy-s-Spp: ]d-bp-I, CXmWv Fs amKw, Rm
124
JpB\ns Bmhv
\nsf Am-lp-hn-te-mWv hnfn-p--Xv, Rm\pw Fs ]n]-p--h\pw Hcp
ImgvN-m-Sn-em-Wp--Xv -Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n-em-Wp--Xv. Amlp Ghpw ]cnip--\m-Ip-p. Rm Ah-\n Hn-s\bpw ]p-tNp--h-\p-a-. Jkzkv: 87
Amlp \_n-tbmSpw hnizm-kn-ItfmSpw In-pp: Am-lp-hns kq-
\n\v Ah-X-cn--s--Xn\v tijw \ns Ahsbsmv Hpw XS-bm-hp--X-.
\o \ns \mY-\n-tev hnfn-p-Ibpw sNpI. \o Ahs A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-fn Hn-s\bpw ]p-tNp--h-\m-Ip-Ibpw Acp-Xv. dAvZv: 3637 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
Cv Jp-B am{Xw aXntbm Fm-Wv Jp-B-\ns Bibw samw apdp-sI-nSn--W-sav ]d-bp hnizm-kn-sfp-dnv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I tNmZn-p-Xv. JpB Xs-bmWv lZokpw kp-pw Fv a\nempXn\v A-n-km-Av: 78,
87, A^m: 31 kq t\mp-I. Fm AAvdm^v: 176 {]Imcw \c-In ]n-bmbn ]p\P\nnm hn[ns I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv AXv a\-nem-hp-I-bn-. _-Jd: 66 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Ah amen-\y-am-sWv Xu_: 95--epw,
Ahv Jp-B amen-\y-n-\p-ta amen-\y-a-msX hn-n-p-I-bn-sv Xu_:
125-epw ]d-n-p-v. BZw apX Ay-\m hsc-bp a\p-jy-cn Am-lphpw
{]hm-NI
- \pw hnizm-kn-Ifpw AS-p kwL-amIpp kzK-n-te-p GI kwLamb Am-lp-hns kwLw. ap-Pm-Zne: 22, amCZ: 56 t\mp-I. _mn-bp--h-scmw
]nim-Nns kwLhpw \c-I-n-te-p--h-cp-amW. ap-Pm-Zne: 19 t\mp-I. amCZ: 67,
AAv-dm^v: 30 hniZo-I-cWw t\mpI.
65. Hm \_n-tb, hnizm-kn-Isf bp-n\v t{]mmln-n-pI, \n-fn
kl-\i
- o-ec
- mb Ccp-]Xv t]cp-s-n Ahv Ccp-qdv t]sc AXnPbnm-hp--Xm-Wv. \n-fn Acw \qdv t]cp-s-n kXy\ntj-[n-Ifn \np Bbncw t]sc \nv AXnPbn-mwFp-sIm-sm \nbw Ah ey-t_m[anm P\-X-bm-Ipp.
ey-t_m[w {Kln-msmcp P\-X- \c-I-n Ipn-\n-d--s-Sm hn[n-s--h-cm-sWv AAvdm^v: 179 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I. Ah Jp-B\ns Bi-b-samw Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw, Jp-B Fv,
Fn-\v, Fp-sImv Fsmpw a\-n-em-m Amlp \Inb _pn-i
- nbpw
ImgvNbpw tIhn-bp-sampw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m {]-b--h-cp-am-Wv. I]-S-hnizm-kn-Isfpdnp Ah bmYmyw {Kln-m-hcm-sWv ap\m-^n-Jq: 3epw,
I]ShnizmknI Am-lp-hn-t\-m `b-s-Sp-Xv hnizm-kn-I-sf-bm-sWv liv:
13epw ]d-n-p-v. Ben-Cw-dm: 79, 139140, A-Bw: 65 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
66. Fm Ctm Amlp \n-fpsS `mcw eLq-I-cn-n-cn-p-p, \nbw
\n-fn-en-tmgpw Zu_-ey-ap-sv Ah Adn-n-p-v. Atm
\n-fn kl-\-io-e-cmb \qdv t]cp-s-n Ahv Ccp-qdv t]sc
AXnPbn--mw. \n-fn Acw Bbncw t]cp-s-n Ahv Amlp-hns thp-I-tbmsS cm-bncw t]sc AXnPbn--m-hp--Xm-Wv.
A^m (8)
125
Amlp kl-\-io-e-tcm-sSm-a-tm.
Cv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwLtam bptam C. Jp-B aqSn-sh-p ap\m^n-Jp-I-tfmSv Jp-BsImv A[n-I-cn PnlmZv am{X-am-Wp-Xv (^pJm: 52,
Xu_: 73). apkvenw-I hnhn[ kwL-S-\-I-fmbn apivcnp-I-fmbn amdp-sa-pw,
Atm hnizm-kn-I Jp-B AW--p-]-tbm-Knp ISn-p-]n-Snp \ne-sIm-W-sa-pw l-p hnZm-C Xs \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Cp hnizm-kn-I-fpsS
kwL-an-m--Xn-\m ap\m-^n-Jp-Isf h[n-m I]n-p An-km-Av: 91,
Xu_: 123, Alvkm-_v: 61 Fo kq-fpsS I]\ \S-n-em-m km[npIbn-. AXp \S-n-em-pI Cukm \_n-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-n hnizm-kn-Iv A[nImcw e`n-p-tm- am{Xam-Wv. An-km-Av: 118- ]d Fm Hmtcm Bbn-cnepw Hv hnizm-knbpw sXmm-bn-cnsXmpnHXv \ntj-[n-I-fp-amWv F
A\p-]m-X-hp-a Cv temIv \ne-hn-ep--sXv JpB-\ns Bibw DImgvm-Zm-b-Ihpw kXym-k-Xy-hn-th-N\hp-ambn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--hv a\-n-emm-hp-X
- m-Wv. apwX-ln\: 4 C_vdm-lo-ansbpw At-lt- m-sSm-a
- p-h
- c
- p-sSbpw
Imcy-n \nv Da amXr-I-bpv Fv ]d-n-Sv At-l-tm-sSm--ap-h kmdbpw ktlm-Z-c-]p-{X eqpw am{X-am-bn-cp-p. AYhm hnizm-kn-I-fmbn
aqv t] am{X-amWv B kaq-l-n D-m-bn-cp-Xv Fm \ntj-[n-IfpsS
Fw aphm-bn-c-nepw F{Xtbm A[n-I-am-bn-cpp. _-Jd: 249, An-km-Av: 63, 7677, amCZ: 94 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
67. \mn i{Xp-sf \mbn ASn--ap-Xphsc Xs Iogn _nIfp-m-hpI F-Xv Hcp \_npw tbmPn-X
- m-bn-cp-n-. \n ùXnI
t\w Imwn-p-p, Fm Amlp Dt-in-p-Xv ]c-tem-I-am-Wv.
Amlp AP--\mb bpn--\p-a-tm.
68. Am-lp-hns hn[n t\cs apI-S
- n-nmbn-cp-s-n \n ssI]n-b-Xns t]cn `b-c in \nsf _m[n-p-am-bn-cp-p.
69. Atm \n t\Snb apXKz-\o-a-v]cn-ip-hpw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-hpamb \nev Xs Ctm `n-p-sIm-p-I, \n Am-lp-hns\
kqn-p-I. \nbw Amlp Gsd s]mdp-p- Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-btm.
kqd: apl--Zv: 4 Amlp ]dbpp: \n \ntj-[n-I-fp-ambn Gp-ap-ptm Ah-cpsS ]ncSnshpI, As\ \n-f-hsc \mbn HXp-n-bm ]ns
XS-hp-Imsc \mbn ]nSnpsInb-tijw Ah-tcmSv HuZmcyw ImWn-p-I-tbm, ]ng
CuSmpItbm sNm \nv kzmX-{y-ap-v-bpw ian-p-Xphsc.
A^m: 1216 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Atm bpw ian-p-Xphsc
i{Xp-hns in \-t]mse ASn--anbtijta XS-hp-Im-cmbn ]nSn-p
Imcyw Nnn-m ]mSp-q. Cu I-\-b\pkcn-mWv _Zvdn hnizm-kn-I
126
JpB\ns Bmhv
apivcnp-Isf _-\--cm-n-b-Xpw Ah-tcmSv ]ng-hm-n-b-Xpw. Fnepw Ah
i{Xp-hns in ]q-ambpw ASn-sm-Xp--W-sa \n_\ ]qo-I-cn-p
Imcy-n th{X {in-p-I-bp-m-bn-. bp-n i{Xp-]S tXmtm-Sn-b-tm
apkvenw-I-fnse Hcp henb hn`mKw Kz\o-av apX hmcn-q-p--Xn-epw i{Xp-`Samsc _n-I-fmbn ]nSn-p-sI-p--Xn-ep-amWv {in--Xv. hfsc Ipd-p-t] am{XamWv i{Xp-sf Gsd Zqctmfw ]np-S-Xv. Amlp ChnsS Bt-]n-p-Xv Hcp hn`mKw apkvenw-IsfbmWv A-msX \_nsbb F-Xv hy-am-Wv.
AXm-bXv apkvenwI-tfmSv Amlp ]d-bp-I-bmWv: \n Ctmgpw ùXnI PohnXw
Imwn-phcm-b-Xn-\m \_n-bpsS ZuXyns eyw th-hn[w a\-nem-n-bn-n-. ]ng hkq sNbvXpw bp-ap-X tiJ-cnpw JP-\mhv \nd-p-I-b
\_n-bpsS ZuXyw, adnp Amlp-hns ktis(Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-s)
temIv FnpsImSp-e
- mWvv. AXn-\p-thn Fm XymK-]cn-{iafpw \Sepam-Wv. BZyta i{Xp-hns bYm insb t\cn-Sm-\-, I-h-S-kw-Ls A{Ian-m-\mWv \n B{K-ln--Xv. XpSp i{Xp-hns\ N-h-cp sImp-Ip-n-p-Xn\p ]Icw bp-ap-X tiJ-cn-m-\pw XS-hp-Imsc ]nSnp ]ng hkq-em-m-\pamWv \n {ian--Xv. IqSmsX bp apX-ens Imcy-n \n ]c-kv]cw
Ie-ln-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. "Am-lp-hn \np hn[n-I apI-S-n-n-m-bn-cp-psh-n' Fp]dXns hnh-, ]ng hmm kqd: apl-Zv: 4mw kq-{]Imcw A\p-hmZw \In-bn-pm-bn-cpns-n, AXns t]cn \nsf ITn-\ambn inn-p-am-bn-cpp Fm-Wv. icn, GXm-bmepw Ctm \nv e`n
kv A\p-`-hn-p-sIm-p-I, taen Am-lp-hn\v A\n-jvS-I-c-amb Ccw kw`h- Bhn-p-Xv kqn-t--Xp-am-Wv, Ign-p-t]m-b-Xn Am-lp-hnt\mSp s]mdp--ens\ tXSp-Ibpw sNp-I. AAvdm^v: 169170, A^m: 17-19 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Fm Cv bptam Kz\o-av apXtiJ-cn-tem Hpw Csbn-cns
Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp Imcy-n bmsXmcp
hnphogvNpw hnizm-knI Xm-dm-I-cpsXmWv Cu kq-ns auC-f-v.
amCZ: 54 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
70. Hm \_n-tb, \ns A[o-\-n-ep XS-hp-Im-tcmSv ]d-bp-I: \n-fpsS
lrZ-b--fn h \bpap-Xmbn Amlp Adn-bp-p-sh-n, \nfn\nv ]nSnv hmnbXnt\m D-aa
- m-bXv Ah \nv \Ip-Xpw \nfpsS ]m]- s]mdp-p-X
- p-am-Ip-p. Amlp Gsd s]mdpp-- Imcp-Wy-hm-\p-a-tm.
71. Fm Ah \ns hn-m-\mWv Dt-in-p--sX-nCXn\p
aph Am-lp-hnt\mSv h\ sNbvXn-p--XmWtm Atm
Ahcn \np--hsc Rm \n\v ]nSnpXn-cn-p-p. Amlp
Fm-a-dn-bp bpn--\-tm.
A^m (8)
127
_n-Isf ]nSn-p-sI-p-Xn\pw ]ng CuSm-p--Xn\pw Kz\o-apapX hmcnq-p-X

- n\pw {]m[m\yw sImSp-c
- p-sXp hnizm-kn-It- fmSv D]-tZ-in tijw _nI-tfmSv ]d-bm thn Amlp In-p-I-bm-Wv. \n Cu kw`-h-n\nv
]mT-apsm-pIbpw A^m: 19 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Am-lp-hns
kwLs FXnp-Xv \np-Ibpw sNp-I-bm-sW-n \n-fn\nv CuSmnb ]ngp ]Icw AXn-t\-m D-a-amb t\w \np e`n-p-I-bpw,
\n sNbvX Ip-p AXp {]mb-n--ambn ]cn-K-WnpIbpw sNp-Xm-Wv. \n apv Am-lp-hn-t\mSpw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw h\ ImWn--Xns
]cn-Wn-Xn-bmWp Ctm \n hnizm-kn-Ifm _n-I-fmbn ]nSn--s-n-cn-p-Xv. A^m: 17 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. AXp-sImv Am-lp-hn\nv cs-Sm bmsXmcp amKhp-an-sp a\-n-emn Am-lp-hn\p IogvhWn Pohnm k--cm-hp-I, Fm \n Cl-]cPohnX hnP-bn-I-fn s]Sp--Xm-Wv.
AP-\pw bpn-m-\n-bp-amb Am-lp-hns AP-hpw bpn-\n`-c-hpamb Jp-B-\ns samw Bibw ]n]-p-tm am{X-amWv Cl-temI PohnXw
]c-tem-I-t-p Irjn-bn-S-ambn amdp-I-bpw Pohn-X-eyw ]qh-Wn-bp-Ibpw sNpI. AXv Xs-bmWv "Jp-B-\ns samw Bi-bamb kamKw ]n]-n-bm
\nv `b-s-Sm-\pw Zp:Jnm\pw CS-h-cn-I-bn' Fp-]-d--Xns s]mcp-fpw.
_Jd: 188, Ben-Cw-dm: 159, An-km-Av: 105 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
72. \n-b-w, kXy-hn-izmkw ssIsIm-p-I-bpw \mSp-hn-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw,
tZlwsImpw [\wsImpw Am-lp-hns amK-n XymK-]-cn-{iaw
sNpIbpw Ahv A`bw \Ip-I-bpw Ahsc klm-bn-p-Ibpw
sNbvX-h-cpap-tm, Aq- Xs-bmWv ]c-kv]cw an{X-fpw cm[n-Im-cn-I-fpw. hnizmkw ssIsIm-p-I-bpw Fm \mSp-hn-p-t]m-hm-Xncn-p-Ibpw sNp--h-cm-tcm, Ah-cpsS cm-IXrXz-hp-ambn \nv
bmsXmcp _-hp-an---A-h kzw\mSv shSnp hcp-Xphsc. C\n
Ah Zo\ns Imcy-n \n-tfmSv klmbw tXSn-bm, Atm
\npw \n-fp-ambn Icm-dn-tes-n-p- P\-X
- p-sa-Xn-cmbnsmmsX \nhsc klm- b n- m- h p- - X m- W v . Amlp \n
{]hn-p-Xv hon-p-sIm-n-cn-p--h-\m-Ip-p.
73. kXy-\ntj[nIfmb-h ]c-kv]cw klm-bn-IfmIp-pshn-cns, \n
As\ sNpn-s-n `qan-bn Iem-]hpw hn\mihpw DmhpI Xs sNpw.
Am-lp-hns amKn IpSpw-_hpw\mSpw hnv Hfn-tm-Snb aplm-Pn-dp-Ifpw
Ahp A`bw\Inb Akm-dp-Ifpw Cl-nepw ]c-nepw ]c-kv]cw an{Xfpw klm-bn-I-fp-am-sWv \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Xu_: 100, km_n-Jo--fmb
hn-Nm-c-W-bn-msX kzK-n t]mIp--h BZys aplm-Pn-dp-Ifn\n-p-h-scbpw Akm-dp-Ifn\n-p--h-scbpw Ahsc Ghpw \-\n-ev Jp-
128
JpB\ns Bmhv
BsImv Ay-\mhsc ]n]-p--h-scbpw, Amlphpw Ah Am-lp-hnt\bpw ]c-kv]cw Xr]-Xn-s-n-cnpp. Ahv Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS \Zn-I HgpIn- s Im- n- c n- p kzKqtm- p- I Hcp- n- s h- n- p- s - pw, AhcXn
Fspw \nXy-hm-kn-I-fm-bn-cn-p-sa-pw, AXp Xs-bmWv al-mb hnP-bsapw ]d-n-p-v. liv: 89 Iqn-hm-bn-pI. Xu_: 117, \_n-bpsSbpw {]bmk- ns kab- f n \_nsb ]n]- nb aplm- P n- d p- I fpsSbpw Akm- d pIfpsSbpwA-h-cn Nne-cpsS lrZ-b- kXy-amK-n\nv Nne Imcy--fn
A]-samv sXn-sbnepw]m-Xm]w Amlp kzoI-cnp, AhscsIms
Ah aS-n-bn-cn-pp Fp-]-d-n-p-v. lpPvdmv: 10 Amlp ]d-bpp:
hnizm-kn-If
- mb ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw ]c-kv]cw ktlm-Zc
-
- f
- m-Ip-p. Atm
\n-fpsS ktlm-Zc
-
- n-Sb
- n-ep _- \n \m-p-I. Amlphns\
lrZ-b-n kqn-p-Ibpw sNp-I. \n A\p-{K-ln--s-Sp-I-X-s-th-W-sa-Xn\v thn. _Jd: 243, Ben-Cw-dm: 133136, 95, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-pI.
Aapkvenw \mSp-If
- n-ep hnizm-kn-Isf apkvenw `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Ip Zo\ns
Imcy-n klm-bn-m-hp--Xm-Wv, Fm Ah-cpsS \mnse `c-Wm-[n-]-cp-ambp Icm-dn\v hncp--ambn sImmh-cp-Xv. AYhm Zo\n \n_--ans-n-cns (_-Jd: 256 t\mp-I) Zo\o hnj-b-n klm-bn-p-I Fp]d-m, Zo
]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tnn-p-Ibpw sNp--Xn\v th klm-b- sNpI F-m-Wv,
A-msX ]Ww \In apkvenw-I-fpsS Fw hn-n-m-t\m, apkvenwIv
{]uVnbpw {]Xm-]hpw Dm-p-I F ey-tmSpIqSn apkvenw ]n-Ifpw
hnZym-`ymk m]-\
- fpw Dm-mt\m klm-bn-e
-
- . ImcWw Jp-B\
- n hnizmkn-I-fpsS sFIyw, a\p-jy-cpsS sFIyw Fn-s\ cp sFIyw am{Xta ]d-np-q. apkvenw-I-fpsS sFIy-amb kmapZm-bnI sFIyw PqXam-cpsS krjvSn-bmWv. AXv Am-lpthm {]hm-N-I-t\m Jp-Bt\m In-n-n-. Atm hKo-bX,
Akq-b XpS-nb ZpKp-W- Dm-p hn[-n-ep cay-la--fmb ]nI Dm-p-Xpw s]mw \Sn-p--Xp-samw A\n-kvem-an-I-am-Wv. adnv a\pjy-cpsS sFIyw m]n-p--Xn-\p-thn, a\p-jy Ahsc Xncn--dnv ]c-kv]cw
cw Nnp-Xv XSbp-Xn\pw D]-Im-c-{]-Z-amb, Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-pIbpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNm Fm-I-gn-hp-Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn-p-IbmWv hnizm-knI sNp-I.
Xu_: 67-68, I]-S-hn-izmknI-fpw \ntj-[n-I-fpamb kv{Xo ]pcp-jam-cpsS
kz`mhhpw, 7172, hnizm-kn-I-fmb kv{Xo ]pcp-jam-cpsS kz`m-hhpw hnh-cn-n-pv. Alvkm-_v: 7273 Iqn-hm-bn-pI. _Jd: 193, A^m: 48 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
74. kXy-hn-izm-kn-If
- m--bhcpw Am-lp-hns am-Kn kztZiw shSn-hcpw XymK ]cn-{i-a
- sNbvXh
- c
- pw Ahv A`-bhpw klm-bhpw \Inb-h-captm, Aq- Xs-bmIpp bYm kXy-hn-izm-kn-I.
A^m (8)
129
Ahv ]m]-tam-N-\hpw am\y-amb `-W-hn-`-h-fp-apv.

Jp-B-\ns ktiw e`n-n-n-m P\-X-In-S-bn Xma-kn-p hnizmkn-Iv lnPvd_m[-I-a-. Ah Jp-B-\ns Po-hnXw ]n]n P\-v
{]hm-NI
- s
- PohnXw P
- ohnv kmy-s-SppI-bmWv th-Xv. _Jd: 143 t\mpI.
hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn Acw hnizm-kn-Isf kmn-I-fmbn sImp-h-cp-Xpam-Wv
Fv kpa: 69- ]d-n-p-v. Fm Jp-B\ns kt-i-apsmv Amlp-hns\ GI-\mbn AwKo-Ic
- npIbpw, AXn-tev P\-sf hnfnpIbpw sNphnizm-kn-Iv, JpB ktiw e`n-nv aqSn-sh-p-I-bpw JpBt\mSpw hnizmkn-I-tfmSpw hntcm[wsh-p-Ibpw sNp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS CS-bn Xma-knm-hp--X-{]tXy-Inv Ahscmcp kwL-ap-s-n. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL--aps-n Ah Ah-cpsS hnizmkw kwc-npPohn-p--Xn-\p-thn Ahsc kwcn-p \mn-tev lnPvdt]mthXm-Wv. AI-_q-v: 56- Amlp ]d-bpp:
hnizm-knI-fmb Fs ASn-a-Itf, \n F\n-p-thn Pohn-m am{Xw Dt-inp-psh-n Fs `qan AXn\v hnim-e-am-Wv. Fm Cv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS
kwL-an-m--Xn-\m H-s hnizm-kn-v lnPvd-bn-.
Cu kq-ns ASn-m-\-n Ahn-` Cy-bnse apkvenwI,
bYm Ckvemans\ `qcn-] P\-Xv ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-n-smv Chn-sS-s
Pohn-tXm-bn-cp-p. Cu D-c-hm-Znw \nln-msX apkvenw kap-Zm-bn\v Hcp cm{-w thW-saphmZnp-sIm-v ]mn-m cq]o-IcnXv bYmn Ckveman-I-hncp--am-Wv. Cv ]mn-m-\n-ep hnizm-knIv Ah-scmcp
kwL-ap-s-n Ahn-sS-\nv \mSp-hnv t]mI \n_-am-Wv. ImcWw AXv
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS \mSm-Wv. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-ap-s-n Ahv A[nImcw sImSppsav Aq: 55- ]d-n-p-v. Atm hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwLan-m Ah--bn Jp-BsImv (Xu_: 73, ^pJm: 52) Jp-B aqSn-shp B P\-XtbmSv A[n-I-cn PnlmZv sNp-I-bmWv th-Xv. AYhm ]n-P\X (A-Avdm^v: 176), sI-P-\X (^pJm: 17-18,30), Am-lp-hn-s\bpw {]hmNIs\bpw Jp-B-\n aqSn-sh-p P\X -XpS-n Ah-cpsS a\-n Xd-p
hmp-I ]d-p-sImmWv PnlmZv sNt-Xv. (An-km-Av: 63 hni-Zo-I-cWw
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.) Jp-B Inn-bnv aqSn-sh-p P\X Xs-bmWv Im^n-dpIfpw
A{I-anIfpw sXmSnIfpw {`mamcpw ey-t_m[w \-s--h-cpw {]-b-hcpw ]nim- N ns kzK- n- t ev t]mIp- - h cpw Fsmw ]d- b - e m- W Xv .
C_vdmlow: 30, kpa: 8 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Cy-bnse hnizm-kn-I, l-p
hnZm-C {]hm-N-I ]Tn-n--Xp-t]mse Jp-B AW--p-]-tbm-Knv ISn-p-]nSnv \ne-sIm-p-I-bpw, Jp-B Inm P\-Xv bYm Ckveman-s\bpw {]hmN-I-s\bpw kmy-s-Sp-p PohnXw \bn-p-I-bpamWv th-Xv. An-km-Av:
150151, A^m: 4 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
kpa: 10- Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm I]npp: hnizm-kn-If
- mb Fs
ASn-a-I-tf, \n \n-fpsS \mYs\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-I, BcmtWm Jp-
130
JpB\ns Bmhv
Bs\ Pohn-n-p--Xv Ahv Cl-tem-I-p-Xs \-bp-v, Amlp-hns `qan
hnim-e-am-Wv, \n-b-am-bn-pw am-ep-v Rm Ah-cpsS {]Xn-êw IW-nmsX ]qn-bmn sImSp-p--h-\m-Wv. Alv: 97 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. _Jd:
218, Ben-Cw-dm: 119, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
75. ]nIm-ev kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-hp-Ibpw kztZiw shSnphcn-I-bpw,
\n-tfm-sSmw XymK ]cn-{i-a
- f-n Gs-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXh
- c
- p-ap-t- m,
Atm Aqcpw \n-fns-h-cm-Wv. Fnepw Am-lp-hns
{Kn c-_-p- At\ym\w IqSp-X Ah-Im-i-ap--h-cm-Ipp. \nbw Amlp Fm-Im-cy-fpw Ad-nbp k--\-tm.
Ckvem-an kmtlm-Zcy _s Bkv]-Z-amn ]np-S-mh-Imiw m]nX-am-Ip--X-. AXp-t]mse c-_--n-stbm hnhml _-n-stbm ASnm-\-n _m[-I-am-Ip ap Ah-Im-i-sfmpw Zo\o -km-tlm-Z-cy-ns
t]cn e`n-p--Xp-a-. Ccw Imcy--fn \nb-am-[n-jvTn-X-amb Ah-Im-i-v
ASn-m-\-am-Ip-Xv IpSpw_ _-am-WvBZi_a-. AXn-hnsS ]cm-ainm ImcWw lnPvdsb XpSv a-bn\nv h aplm-Pn-dp-I-fpw aZo-\-bnse
Akm-dp-Ifpw Xn \_n kmtlm-Zcy_w m]n--Xn\nv B Zo\o -ktlm-Z-cam ]c-kv]cw A\--cm-h-Im-in-I-fm-sWv Nne [cn-m CS-bm-bn,
AXv Xncp-p-I-bm-Wv.
Jp-BsImv BZy-amZyw ap-dn-bnv \tI-Xv IpSpw-_-n\nv ASp-h-sc-bm-sWv Aq-A-dm-Av: 214 ]d-n-p-v. Ckvdm-Av: 26, IpSpw-_n\nv ASp-h
- v AhcpsS hnlnXw \IpI Fp-]d
-
n-p-v. Zm\[ \Ip--Xn IpSpw-_-n\nv ASp--hmWv apK-W\ \tI-sXpw AXp-hgn IpSpw__w m]n-IqSn \S-n-em-Ip-sapw \_n ]Tn-nn- p- v . Fm Am- l phns Imcy- n - Jp- B \ns Imcy- n
hntcm[wshp--h F{X ASp-h-cm-sW-n-epw Ah-tcmSv kvt\l-tm-Sp-IqSn
s]cp-am-dm\pw Ahsc cm-[n-Im-cn-Ifpw klm-bn-I-fp-ambn kzoI-cn-m\pw ]mSnsv Xu_: 23-24, apPmZne: 22, apwX-ln\: 1, 9 XpS-nb kq--fn-semw ]dn-p-v. Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p A-cw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv anv \a-kvIcn--cp-sXv Xu_: 84epw, Hcm \c-I-ns kl-hm-kn-bm-sWv shfn-hm-bXn\ptijw Ahp-thn s]mdp--ens\ tXSm \_ntm hnizm-kn-Itm
]mSn-, Ah IpSpw-_-n\nv F{X ASp--h-cm-sW-nepw icn, Fv Xu_:
113-114epw ]d-n-p-v. Hcm kzK-n-emtWm \c-I-n-emtWm Fv Xncn--dnbm-\p D]-I-cWhpw Xpemkpw kXyhpw Ak-Xyhpw thXn-cn--dn-bp Dc-mb, Dm-gvNm-Zm-b-I-am-b Jp-B\ns Bi-b-am-Wv. Atm Jp-B\ns
XW-en-ep _wam{Xta Cl-nepw ]c-nepw hnizm-knv kzoI-cn-m
]mSpq. Jp-B\v hncp--amb _--sfmw ]c-kv]cw i{Xp-X-bn-em-bn-cn-psap kpJvdp-^v: 67 ]d-n-p-v. ^pJm: 27-30 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Xu_: 73,
131
A^m (8)
\_n-tbmSpw hnizm-kn-tbmSpw, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-ItfmSpw \ntj-[-n-\p-ta \ntj[w

kzoI-cn-p Ip^v^m-dp-I-tfmSpw Jp-BsImv A[n-I-cn PnlmZv \S--Wsapw Ah-tcmSp ]cp-j-ambn s]cp-am-d-W-sa-pw, Ah-cpsS aSw \c-I-n-tem-sWpw ]d-n-p-v. Atm Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n-tep hcm amXm]n-Xm-, a, `mcy-m`m-am Bcm-sW-nepw icn, Ah-tcmSv JpBsImv A[n-I-cn PnlmZv \S-p-I-bpw a\-p-sImv Ahsc shdp-p-Ibpw
thWw. AXmWv "Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-bn ]c-kv]cw Xr]vXns-Sp-I-bpw Amlp-hns tIm]-n ]c-kv]cw tIm]n-p-I-bpw Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-bn ]ckv]cw \Ip-I-bpw Am-lp-hns AXr-]vXn-bn \Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-Xp-hsc \n-fnsemcmfpw hnizm-kn-bm-hp-I-bn' Fv \_n ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcp.
hnizm-kn-bm-hmsX Hcmfpw kzK-n {]th-in-p-I-bp-an- Fv apAvan: 40
]d-n-p-v. "\n-fn Hcmfpw hnizm-kn-bm-hp-I-bn, \nfpsS tZtl Rm
sImp-h-Xv Jp-B\ns Bibw ]n]-p-Xphsc' Fv \_n ]Tn-n-npv. _Jd: 186, AAvdm^v: 30, 199201, bq\pkv: 100 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Am-lp-th, Jp-B\ns Bibw a\-n-emn PohnXw AXn-\-\p-k-cnv
{Ia-s-Sp-m\pw \ns ktiw temIv samw Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p-I-hgn {]]s AXns kp-e-\-n \ne-\nm\pw Rv \o thpI \tIW-ta...
132
JpB\ns Bmhv
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-amb Am-lp-hns \maw-sImv
9. Au_
Xu_- Fpw _dmAx Fpw Cu kqd-n\p \ma-ap-v. kXy-hn-izm-kn-IfpsS Nne sshI-ey-v amp-sIm-Sp-p-sImv Ah-X-cn 117mw kq-n
\nmWv Xu_(]-m-Xm-]w) F t]cv e`n--Xv. BZy-kq--n apivcnp-Itfm-Sp D-c-hmZn-n\nv hnapn {]Jym-]nnp-v. AXmWv _dmAx
(hn-ap-n {]Jym-]\w) F t]cn\p Bkv]-Z-w. ]q-ambpw aZo-\-bn Ah-X-cn
Cu kqd-n 129 kq--fm-Wp--Xv.
Jp-B Cd-p-tm \_nXs Fgp-p-Im-tcmSv CXv C kqd-n
C ev Fgp-X-W-sav ]d-bm-dpm-bn-cp-p. Cu kqd-ns BZy-n
_nkvan Fgp-Xn-n-cp-n-. AXn-\m ]nm-ev ]nKm-an-Ifpw Fgp-XmsX B
\ne XpSp. Jp-B AtX-]Sn Gp-hm-p--Xn-epw \_n-bn\nve`n AtX
hn[- n kpc- n- X - a mbn kqn- p- - X nepw ImWn Pm{K- X pw
kqjvaXbvpap Hcp sXfn-hm-Wn-Xv. Jp-B Ah-X-cn-n--Xpw t{ImUo-I-cn-Xpw hni-Zo-I-cn-Xpw Amlp Xs-bm-sWv Jznbma: 16-19 kq--fn ]dn-p-v. t{ImUo-I-cn-p--Xn\v aptm t{ImUo-I-cn--Xn\p tijtam AXn
bmsXmcp anYybpw ISpIqSpIbn-sv ^pkzn-e-v: 42epw ]d-n-p-v.
lnPvd 9mw hjn X_qv bp-n\v Xm-dm-Ip-X
- n\pthn t{]mmln-n-p-sIm-p kq-fpw, Pnlm-Zn\nv Im]-Sytam hnizmkZu_-eytam
Be-kytam Imc-W-ambn amdn-\n-cp-sXv DWn-sm-p kq--fpw,
X_q-nshv Ah-X-cn- kq--fpw, Xncnphm A\p-hn-t \ntZi--fp-a-S-nb kq-fpamb 40 apX 129 h-sc-bp kq--fmWv BZyw AhX-cn--sX-n-epw, 140 hsc-bp Ah-km\w Ah-X-cn- kq-fmWv kqd-ns
BZy-n t{ImUo-I-cn-n-p--Xv. Ah-X-cn {Ia-n-e Jp-B t{ImUo-I-cn-ncn-p-Xv F-Xn-\p sXfnhv IqSn-bm-Wn-Xv. lnPvd 9mw hjw A_q-_-
knoJns t\Xr-Xz-nemWv hnizm-kn-Isf \_n ln\v ]d--b-n-cp-Xv.
Ah ]pd-s--Xn\p tij-amWv 140 hsc-bp kq- Ah-X-cn--Xv. AXv
lp AIv_ Zn\-n P\-t- fmSv {]Jym-]n-p-X
- n-\p-thn \_n AenbpsS
] a-bn-tev sImSpb-p-I-bmWpm-b-Xv.
lnPvd 8mw hj-nse am-hn-P-b-tm-SvIqSn Atd-_y-bpsS \nb{Ww
Gsdpsd hnizm-kn-I-fpsS A[o-\-X-bn-em-bn. BZw \_n apX Ay-\m hsc
Am-lphns krjvSn-Iv Ah Xr]vXn-s Pohn-X-hy-h ]q-ambn hcp
ImWn-p-X
- n\v akvPn-Zpld-an Pmln-en-m-Imev m]ns _nw_-fpw
Au_ (9)
133
Ahsb Npn--n-bp Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-fpw \ow sNt--Xp-m-bn-cp-p. GI

{kjvSm-hns\ Hman-n-p hn[-n-ep Ncy-I \Snem-pXn\v XS-ambn\nn- c p Pmln- e nm k{- Z m- b - sfbpw BNm- c m- \ p- j v T m- \ - - s fbpw
]qambn Cm-Xm-pIbpw, AtXmsSmw apivcn-p-I-fp-am-bp Icm-dp-Ifpw hyh-If
- p-samw Ah-km-\n-npsImp apn-tam-N\w {]Jym-]npIbpw sNbvXp.
bpw \njn--am--s amk-sf amn-a-dn-psIm-p "\koAv' k{-Zmbw
\n-em-pI hgn kam-\-amb Pmlnenm k{-Zm-b-sf Fs\ Cm-Xm-msav hnizm-kn-Isf ]Tn-n-m th \ntZ-i-fpw \Ip-I-bp-m-bn.
Ckvem-ans\ ]cn-Nb
- s
- -SppXns `mK-ambn, Av temI-nse hinI- f mb tdmamt]jy km{am- P y- - s f hnizm- k n- I v t\cn- t S- n- h p.
AXns`mK-ambn tdma-msc {]Xn-tcm-[n-p--Xn\pthn \_nbpw kwLhpw
X_qn-tev ]pd-s--p. Fm AhchnsS FpXn\v appXs tdmatk\
]nhmntmbncpp. bpsampwIqSmsX Hcpamktmfw AhnsS
Xnbtijw \_nbpw kwLhpw aZo\bntev Xncnpt]mcpIbmWpmbXv.
\smcp hn`mKw I]ShnizmknI \_ntbmsSmw X_qv k wcw`n
]sSpmsX aZo\bn NSncpp. ]sSp GXm\pw I]ShnizmknIfpsS
X\n\ndw bm{XbnepS\ofw {]XysSpIbpw sNbvXp. CXns\pSv I]-S-hnizm-kn-IfpsS kz`m-h-fpw Ncy-Ifpw hnh-cnpsImv, AhcmWv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS
Hfn-Xpw sXfn--Xp-amb bYm i{Xp--sfpw, Amlp h[npIf
AhtcmSv ab-nepw anX-nepap kao-]\w ]mSn Fpw Ah-tcmSv Jp-B\ns BibwsImv PnlmZv sN-W-sapw I-i-\bw ssIsIm--W-sapw
Ahsc shdp--W-sapw \ntZ-in--s-p. Ah-cpsS k-ntem km-\-fntem hnizm-kn-I BIr-jvS-cm-h-cp-sXpw, AXp-hgn Amlp Ahsc Cl-n
Xs innm-\mWv Dt-in-p--sXpw \ntj-[n-I-fm-bn-smv Poh shSnbm hn[n--s Ah Pohn-X-eyw a\-n-emn {]hn-p-I-bn-spw hnizmkn-Isf Hma-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp-p.X_qv kw`htmS\p_nv aZo\bn I]ShnizmknI Ahsmcp
XmhfsatmWw Hcp ]n ]WnXncpp. X_qn\nv Xncnphcptm
hnizmknInSbn `nXbpw Nn{ZXbpapmpXn\pthn \nns
B D]{ZhIcamb ]n, XIvIfbm\p I]\ \IpIbpmbn. AXphgn
Jp-B-\ns Bibn\nv XSv hnizmknIsf `nnnp GXp]nbpw aZo-\-bn I]-S-hn-izm-knI ]WnX]nv Xpy-am-sWpw Ahn-S--fn
hnizm-kn-I {]th-in--cp-sXpw ]Tn-n-p-p. X_qv kwcw`n amdn-\n
hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv I-i-amb\ne-]mSv ]pepIhgn, hnizm-kn-I {]Xn-k-n-L--fn _e-lo-\X {]I-Sn-n-msX XsPoh\pw kzpw ka-bhpw Azm-\-fp- s amw Amlphns amK- n hn\n- t bm- K n- m aSn- I m- W n- mt\m
Hgnp\nmt\m ]mSn-sv DWp-p. Fm-hcpw Hnv bp-n\v Cdn-n-cn-msX Hcphn`mKw Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-v, AXv P\-sf ]Tn-n-
134
JpB\ns Bmhv
m Cd-n-n-cn--W-sapw AXphgn JpB\ns ktiw temIv apgph

FnWsav I]npp.
1.
\n-fp-ambn Icm-dn-tes-n-p apivcnp-I-tfmSv Am-lp-hn-sbpw

Ahs ZqXsbpw `mK-p-\n-p hnapn {]Jym-]-\-am-Wn-Xv.
lpssZ-_nb kn-bn hnizm-kn-I-fp-ambn Icm sNbvXn-cp apivcnp-I

AXnse hyh--I Hmtcm-mbn ewLn-p-sIm-n-cp-p. XpSmWv lnPvd 8mw
hj-n "aw ^Xvlv' \S-p-Ibpw, a hnizm-kn-I-fpsS A[o-\-n hcn-Ibp-w sNbvX-Xv. Fm B hj-n ]gb k{-Zm-b-n- XsbmWv lv
\S--Xv. 9mw hj-n \S cm-as lv, apkvenwI A_q-_-
knoJns tat\m--n Ckvem-anI coXn-bnepw, apivcnp-I Ah-cpsS k{Zm-b{- ]-Im-chpw \n-ln-p. lp AIv_ Zn\-n lmPn-am-cpsS s]mXpktf\-n Cu kqd-nse 1 apX 40 hsc-bp kq- \_nbpsS \ntZ-i-{]Imcw P\-sf tIn-p. AtXm-sSmw \mep Imcy- {]tXyIw hnf-w_c-sSp-p-I-bp-m-bn.
1) hnizm-kn-bm-hmsX Hcmfpw kzKn {]th-in-p--X-. 2) Cu hjn-\p-tijw Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp Hcmfpw(apivcn-p-I) ln\v ]s-Sp-m-hp--X-. 3) \-cm-bn-smv IA_ {]ZnWw
sNp-Xp \ntcm-[n-n-cn-p-p. 4) {]hm-N-I-\p-ambn DS-Sn \ne-\np--h-tcmSv
AYhm Icm ewLn-n-n-m--h-tcmSv Imem-h[nhsc Icmhyh--I ]menpXm-Wv.
aqm-as lv lnPvd 10mw hj-n \_n-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-n ]qambpw Ckvem-anI k{-Zm-b-n-emWv \n-ln--s--Xv. l-p hnZm-Av Ft]-cn Adn-b-s-Sp- lm-Wn-Xv. Cu Zn\-n-emWv amCZ: 3mw kqw Ah-Xcn-np-sImv BZw\_n- ap-X-a\p-jym-cw`w apX Ay-\mhsc-bp P\v Amlp Xr]vXn-s Pohn-X-hy-h--bmb Ckvemw ]q-am-n-b-Xv. BenCw-dm: 19, 85 kq-fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
2.
Atm \n `qan-bn \mep amkw sskzcambn k-cn-p-sImp-I, \n Adn-n-cn-p-I, \nbw \n Am-lp-hns\ ]cmP-b-s-Sp-p--h-scm-p-a-. \nbw Amlp kXy-\n-tj-[n-Isf
\nycmp-XpamIp-p.
GsX-n-ep-samcp P\X \n-tfmSv Icm ewL-\hpw cmPy-t{Zm-lhpw ImWnppshv hy-am-bm Ah-cp-am-bp Icm ]c-ky-ambn dm-t--Xm-sWpw, \n-fp-ambn Rp bmsXmcp Icmdpansv Xpdv {]Jy-m]n-t--XmsWpw A^m: 58 ]d-n-p-v. Cs\ ]c-ky-{]-Jym-]\w IqSmsX knbn-en-cn-p Hcp P\-X-s-Xnsc bp-\-S-]-Sn-I Bcw-`n-p-Xv h-\m-]-c-amWv.
Au_ (9)
135
Cu [mnI s]cp-am----a-\p-k-cn-mWv Icm \ne-hn-en-cns Ckvem-an-s\-Xncn

\nc-cw KqVm-tem-N-\-I \S-n-sm-n-cn-p-I-bpw, k`w Inp-tm-sgms
Icm hyh hen-s-dnp Ckvem-ans i{Xp--fmbn amdp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp
tKm{X--fp-ambn DS-Sn Zp_-es-Sp-n-sImv ChnsS s]mXphnf-w_cw \Is-n-cn-p--Xv. lnPvd 9mw hjw Zplv 10mw Xn-Xn-bmWv Cu {]Jym-]-\ap-m-b-Xv. Av -ap-X lnPvd 10mw hjw d_o-D BJn 10 hsc \mep-am-kw,
X-fpsS \b-\n-e-]m-Sns\pdnv \--hw Nnn-m Ahv Ah[n \I-sp. Xpd bp-n-\mWv `mh-sa-n AXn\p Xm-dm-hp-I, cmPyw hnp-t]m-Im\mWv Dt-iy-sa-n A`bktXw Is-p-I. AYhm Ckvemw kzoI-cn-ppshn \-t]mse Nnn-p-dv kzoI-cn-p-I. Cv Im^ndp-I Bcm-sWpw
BmWv \ny-X-sbpw a\-n-em-m _Jd: 254, Ben-Cw-dm: 10, An-kmAv: 150-151, AAv-dm^v: 37 Fn-h-bpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
3.
Am-lp-hn\npw Ahs ZqX-\n\npw Fm a\p-jyp-ambn

henb lv Zn\-n-ep s]mXp- hn-fw- _-ca
- m-Wn-Xv. \nbw Amlp
apivcnp-I-tfm-Sp _m[y-X-I-fn\nv ap-\m-bn-cn-p-p, Ahs
ZqX- \ pw. Atm \n ]m- X - ] n- p- psh- n AXmWv
\nv Daw. A, \n ]nn-cn-bp-I-bm-sW-n \n
Adn-ncnp-I, \nbw \n Am-lp-hns\ tXmn-phc. kXy-a-dnp aqSn-sh-p \ntj-[n-Ifmb-hsc thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb
insImv ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-p-Ibpw sNp-I.
"henb lv Zn\w' F-Xp-sIm-p-t-iyw Zplv HXn\p Ad-^m-Zn\tam ]n-\p _en-Zn-\tam BImw. l-p hnZm-Cse {]kwKat[y kZky-tcmSv \_n CXv GXp-Zn-h-k-sav tNmZn--tm "henb lp-Zn\w' Fv Ah
adp-]Sn ]d-p. Ad_n-I Dwdv "-lp AkvK(sN-dnb lv)' Fpw
Zplv \mfp-I-fnse \nnX Xn-XnI-fn \n-ln--s-Sp ln\v "-lp
AIv_ (h-enb lv)' Fpw ]d-bmdpv. l-p hnZm-Cse Ad-^m-Zn-\w shn-bm-gvN-bm-bn-cp--Xn-\m, Ad-^m-Zn-\-w shnbmgvN hcp--Xn\pw lp
AIv_ Fp-]-d-v hcp-p-v. lv Ad-^-bm-sWv \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v.
Amlp \n-bn Zn\sf amn-a-dn-p-sImv t\mv, s]cp-m, lv
apX-em-bh hyXykvX- Znh-kfn sImp-\-S-p-I-bpw, BZw apX Ay\mhsc-bp Am-lp-hns GIkwL-n s]SmsX(am-CZ: 56) hnhn[ kwLS-\-I-fn tNt-dpIbpw sNbvX apivcnp-I-tfmSv Am-lphpw Ahs dkqepw
_-s
- fmw hnt-Zn-n-cn-p-X
- n-\m hnizm-kn-Ifpw Ah-cp-am-bp _w hntZn--W-sav Cu kqw ]Tn-n-p-p. Ah ]m-X-]nv hnizm-k-ns amKn-tev hcn-I-bm-sW-n AXmWv Ahp--aw. As-n Ahv AXnI-Tn-\-amb insImv ktm-j-hm Adn-bn--s-n-cn-p-p. epJvam: 67
kq--fn Amlp ]d-bpp: Jp-B\ns\ ]cn-lm-k-]m-{X-ambn sXsc-s-Sp-
136
JpB\ns Bmhv
n-cn-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv \ny-amb in-bp-v. Ah-s-ta \psS

kq- Xnem-hv sN-s-m, Ah AXv tIm--hn[w Al-m-c]qw ]nn-cn-pt]m-Ip--Xm-Wv--A-hs sNhn-bn Hcp aqSn-bp-s-Xvt]mse.
Atm Ahs\ thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-sImv ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-p-I.
Ben-Cw-dm: 103, AAvdm^v: 175176, A^m: 49-51 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
4.
\n-fp-ambn Icm-dn-tes-Sp-Ib
- pw, ]ns AXv ]men-p-X
- n hogvNsbmpw hcp-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw, \ns-Xn-cmbn Bscbpw klmbn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvX apivcnp-I-tfmsSm-gnv. Atm Acm-tcmSv Ah-cpsS Icm-dns A-h[nhsc \nfpw AXp ]men-p-hcm-hp-I. \nbw Amlp, Ahs\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p--hcmb ap-Jo-sf CjvS-s-Sp--h-\-tm.
hnizmkn-I Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw Am-lp-hn-\p-thn Pohn-p-h-cp-am-sW-n-cn-s Icm ]men-p-I-bpw, Ctmp D]-{Z-h-n\v hcm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw, hnizm-kn-I-sXn-cmbn Ah-cpsS i{Xp-sf klm-bn-mXn-cnpIbpw
sNp-h-tcmSv {]Xn-Im-c-n\pw hntZz-j-n\pw bmsXmcp \oXn-bp-an-smWv
Cu kq-n-eqsS Amlp ]Tn-n-p--Xv. Zo\ns Imcy-n \n-tfmSv bpw
sNm--h-tcm-Spw \n-fpsS hoSp-I-fn\nv \nsf ]pd-m-m--h-tcmSpw \bnepw \oXn-bnepw hn-pXv Amlp \n-tfmSv hntcm-[n-p-n-, \nbw
Amlp \oXn-]m-en-p--hsc C-s-Sp-p-htm Fv apwX-ln\: 8epw, \nbw
Amlp \n-tfmSv kl-h-kn- hntcm-[n-n-pXv, Zo\n \n-tfmSv bpw
sNp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfm-Spw, \nsf \n-fpsS hoSp-I-fn\nv ]pd-m-p-h-tcm-Spw, \nsf ]pd-m-mthn ap--hsc klm-bn-h-tcm-Spw am{XamWv. Atm \n-fn Bsc-nepw A-c-msc an{X-ambn sXcsSp-m,
Atm Aq- Xs-bm-Ipp A{I-an-I Fv 9epw ]d-n-p-v. Xu_: 23
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. _Jd: 138 An-km-Av: 135, AAvdm^v: 2 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
5.
Atm bpw \njn--amb amk- ]nn-m ]ns apivcnpIsf FhnsSshp Ftm Imepw h[n-p-sIm-p-I. \n
Ahsc ]nSn-IqSp-I-bpw, Ahsc _-\--cm-p-I-bpw, Ahsc D]tcm-[n-p-Ibpw, Fm a--e--fnepw Ahp-thn ]Xn-bn-cnp-Ibpw sNp-I. C\n Ah ]m-X-]n-p-I-bpw apd-{]-Imcw \akv I mcw A\p- j v T n- p- I bpw kImv \Ip- I bpw sNp- p- s hn,Ahsc Ah-cpsS hgnp hnt-p-I. \nbw Amlp Gsd
s]mdp-p- Imcp-Wy-hm-\-tm.
_Jd: 191-193 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. bpw \njn--amb

amk- sImv ln\pw Dwdpw thn bpw \njn--am--s amk--f-,
apivcnp-Iv Ah[n \I-s \mep amk--fm-Wv ChnsS Dt-in-p-Xv. Cu
Au_ (9)
137
Ah-[n-m-ev apivcnp-I-fpsS t\sc A{I-aw \S-m hnizm-kn-Iv A\phmZw Dm-bn-cp-n-. AXp-sIm-mWv Ahsb bpw \njn--amb amk--sfv
]d-bp--Xv. Ah Ip^vdpw inpw Dt]-n-p-XpsImv am{Xw Ah-tcm-Sp
bpw Ah-km-\n-p-n-, AtXm-sSmw \a-kvImcw A\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw kImv
\Ip-Ibpw th-Xp-v. AXn-msX Ah \ntj[w ssIsh-Snv Ckvemw kzoIcn--Xmbn AwKo-I-cn-p-I-bn-s-w. Cu kq-amWv aX-]-cn-XymK Ipg--ap-mb-tm A_q-_- knoJv {]am-W-ambn kzoI-cn--Xv. \_nbpsS hntbm-Km-\cw Hcp hn`mKw X \a-kvImcw \n-ln-m Xm-dm-sW-pw, Fm
kImv \IpIbn-s-p-amWv ]d-n-cp--Xv. Fm A_q-_- knoJv
Ahsc aX- ] - c n- X ym- K n- I - f mbn KWn- p- I - b pw Cs\ ]d- b p- I bpw sNbv X p:
"inn\nv hnc-an-p-Ibpw \a-kvImcw \ne-\np-Ibpw kImv \Ip-Ibpw
sNp-tm am{X-amWp Chsc hnt-m \tmSv Bm-]n-n-cn-p--Xv. Cu
aqp D]m-[n-I-fn Hp ]qn-bm-m Xm-dn-m nXnv \aphsc Hgnhm-m ]mSp--X-'. _n\: 5, \ntfmSv EPp-am-\-k-cmbn PohnXw apgp-h
Am-lp-hn\v {]tXy-I-amnsmv Pohn-m-\-msX I]n--s-n-n-s-pw, \akvImcw \ne-\np-I-bpw kImv sImSp-p-Ibpw sNpI, AXmWv t\scsNmsbp Zos\pw ]d-n-p-v. Fm Amlp h[n-p-I-f I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifn\nv \a-kvIm-ctam kImtm Hpw kzoI-cn-p-I-bn-sv Xu_: 53-54
]d-n-p-v. Xu_: 55, 85, An-km-Av: 142143 kq-fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. I- kzoI-cn-m-\pw, {]m-\-Ipcw e`n-m\pap cv D]m[n-I _Jd: 186 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I.
6.
_lpssZh hnizm-kn-I-fns Bsc-nepw \ntmSv A`bw tNmZnm, Atm \o Ah\v A`bw sImSp--Ww--A-m-lp-hns hN\w
tIp-Xphsc. ]noSv Ahs\ Xs kpc-n-X-amb m\v
Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw thWw, AsX-psIm-s-m \nbw,
Ah Hcp Adn-hn-m P\-X-bm-bXv sImm-Wv.
_Jd: 256 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Am-lp-hns hN-\amb Jp-B

tIm, Inm Hcp P\-Xv A`bw \I-W-sa-pw Ah-cpsS kpc-n-Xm-\-tv Ahsc AI-Sn tkhnp FnpsImSp-W-sa-pw hnizm-kn-ItfmSv In-p-I-bm-Wv Cu kq-n. Xu_: 123, hnizm-kn-Isf hnfn-v,
\n-fpsS CS-bn-ep \ntj[n-\p-ta \ntj[w ssIsIm-p, Jp-B kq aqSn-sh-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf \n h[n-p-I-f-bp-I, \n-fn Ah-
Im-iyhpw tZjyhpw Iss FmWv ]d-n-p--Xv. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS
kwL-ap-s-n Ahv A[n-Imcw \Ip-sav Aq: 55 ]d-n-p-v.
Cp hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-an-m--Xn-\m Jp-B aqSn-sh-p ap\m-^n-Jp-Itfm-Spw, Jp-B\ns\ Xn--d-bp Ip^v^m-dp-I-tfmSpw A[n-I-cn PnlmZv sNm\mWv Xu_: 73, ^pJm: 52 kq--fn-eqsS Amlp In-n-cn-p--Xv. Aapkvenw-I-tfmSv kuay-Xbn s]cp-am-dm\pw Ah-cn Jp-B\ns PohnXw \bnv
138
JpB\ns Bmhv
apl-Zv \_nsb \-h-\mbn kmy-s-Sp-m-\p-amWv hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv In-np--Xv. _Jd: 143, An-km-Av: 91, A^m: 74-75 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
7.
_lp-ssZh hnizm-kn-Iv Am-lp-hn-t\mSpw Ahs ZqXt\mSpw

h Icmdpw \ne-\np--sX-s\?akvPnZp ld-an-\-Sppshv
\n-fp-ambn Icm sNbvX
- h
- s
- cm-gn-v. Ah \n-tfmSp Icm ]menp
t\tcsNmt hn-p-tm \n Ah-tcmSpw t\tcsNmt hnp-hn. \nbw Amlp Ahs\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p apJo-sf CjvS-sSpph-tm.
hnizm-kn-I-fp-ambn Icm ewLn-m _\q In\m-\x, _\q JpkzmAx, _\q

kwdx Fo tKm{X--sfbmWv Dt-in-p--Xv. Fm Cv Icm ewLn-p-Xpw hmKvZw ewLn-p--Xp-w apkvenw-I-fn \np I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Xsbm-sWv ImWmw. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv t]mbXpsImv Am-lphn hniz-kn-t hn[w hniz-kn-m--XmWv AXn\pImc-Ww. Ben-Cw-dm:
169, 171, AAvdm^v: 102, 172-174 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
8.
F-s\-bm-Wv IcmdpI \ne-\npI, \nsf Ahv IogvsSp-m Ign-m, ]ns \n-fpsS Imcy-n IpSpw__-tam
av _m[yXItfm Hp-w A-h ]cn-K-Wn-p-I-bn-s-ncn-s. hmbsImv Ah \nsf {]oXn-s-Sp-m {ian-p-p, Fm AhcpsS lrZ-b-fn ]I-bm-Wp--Xv. Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw sXm-SnI-fpam-Ip-p.
Jp-B\ns Bi-b-samw Adn-bp am apivcnp-I-fn A[nI-t]cpw

knIfpw Icm-dp-Ifpw ewLnn-cp-Xv, AXv apdn-p-I-fm BcmWv ChnsS
tNmZyw sNm-\p--sX an [nm-c-]q-am-bn-cp-p. AXpsImmWv Ahsc
A[-Im-cn-I-sfv ]d--Xv. ^mkn-Jo--fmbn Ign-m ]ns Ah hnizkn-p-I-bn-sv bq\p-kv: 33epw ap\m-^n-Jp-I Xs-bmWv ^mkn-Jo--sfv
Xu_: 67epw ]d-n-p-v. ^mkn-Jo--f-msX Jp-B aqSn-sh-p-I-bn-sv
_Jd: 99 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n t\mp-I. Cv hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv hmb-sImv kvt\lw
{]I-Sn-n-p-I-bpw lrZ-bwsImv shdp-p-Ibpw sNp Cu kz`mhw shp-]pep-Xv apkvenw-If
- nse, R Jp-B ]Tn-p-p-t- m ]Tn-n-p-p-tm
Fv A`n-am\w sImp, Ben-Cw-dm: 10 ]d I]-S-hn-izmknI-fmb Im^ndp-I-fm-Wv. An-km-Av: 140, amCZ: 41-42, AAvdm^v: 146147, A^m: 75 t\m-p-I.
9.
Ah Ipd--hn-ev Am-lp-hns kq- hnpI-bpw,

As\ Am-lp-hns amKssmv Ah-scbpw ap--h-scbpw
XSbpIbpw sNp-p- . \nbw Ah F{X-am{Xw tami-s {]hnI-fmWv sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv.
Au_ (9)
139
ap\m-^n-Jq: 2mw kqhpw CtX Bi-b-n-emWv Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. Amlp-hns amKw Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw Xsbm-Wv. Atm AXv Adn-nv
]n]-m-Xn-cn-pI hgn Ah-scbpw ap--hv ]Tn-nv sImSp-m-Xn-cn-pI hgn
ap--h-scbpw AXn \nv XS-bp-I-bmWv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I sNp--Xv. Cv
am apivcnp-If
- psS CtX\bw ]np-Sc
- p-Xv I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-I am{X-am-Wv. _Jd:
159-161, Ben-Cw-dm: 187, A-Bw: 26, A^m: 22, 31 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-IcWw t\m-p-I.
10.
hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Imcy-n Ch IpSpw_ _-tam, ap _m[y-XItfm ]cn-K-Wn-p-n-. Atm Aq- Xs-bm-Ipp ]cn[n
ewLn AXn-{I-aImcn-I.
11.
C\n Ah ]m-X-]np aSp-I-bpw \a-kvImcw \ne-\np-I-bpw

kImv \Ip-I-bpw sNp-I-bm-sW-n Ah Zo\n \n-fpsS
ktlm-Z-c--fm-Ip-p. Adn-hp P\-X-p-thn \mw \psS kq hy-ambn hnh-cn-p-sIm-Sp-p-I-bm-Ip-p.
\a-kvIm-chpw kImpw \n-ln-msX tIhew ]m-Xm]w sImpam{Xw

Ah \n-fpsS Zo\oktlm-Z-c--fm-hp-I-bn-sv ChnsS Hcn-IqSn hy-am-s-n-cn-p-p. {]kvXpX D]m-[n-I ]qn-bm-p--Xns ê-ambn Ah-cpsS
t\sc \n AXn{Iaw ImWnp-Xpw Ah-cpsS Poh\pw [\hpw sXmp-I-fn-pXpw \nb-a-hn-cp--am-sWv am{X-a, Ckvem-anI kaq-l-n Ahv Xpeym-hImiw e`n-p--Xp-am-Wv FmWv Ah \n-fpsS Zo\oktlm-Z-c--fm-sWv
{]kvXm-hn--Xns Xm]-cyw. AAvdm^v: 172174, A^m: 73 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
12.
DS-Sn sNbvX tijw Ah kzw {]Xn--I ewLn-p-I-bpw

\n-fpsS Zo\ns\ Ah-tl-fn-p--Xn Gs-Sp-Ibpw Xs-bm-sWn, Atm kXy-\n-tj-[-ns B \mb-I-tcmSv \n bpw
sNp-I. \nbw Ah-cpsS {]Xn--Iv Hcp hne-bp-an-Ah
hnc-an-p--Xn-\p-th-n.
ChnsS DS-SnsImpw {]Xn--sImpw Dt-in-p-Xv Ahn-izmkw Dt]nv hnizmkw kzoI-cn-p-sIm-m-sa DS-Sn-bmWv. AYhm AAvdm^v: 172173, kzKnshv Fm-hcpw DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hn-t\mSp sNbvX DS--SnJp-B-\ns Bi-bw sImv DW-s-npw AXv ]men-mXn-\mepw P\-fp-ambn sNp DS--Sn-Ifpw Icm-dp-Ifpw ewLn-p-sIm-n-cp--Xn-\m-epamWv Amlphpw {]hm-N-I\pw Ah-tcmSp hnapn {]Jym-]\w kv]jvSambn Ahsc tInp--Xv. C-c-m-cp-ambn `mhn-bn Hcp DS--Snbpw km[y-a-s-pw, Ip^vdpw
inpw Hgn-hmn \a-kvI-mchpw kImpw \n-ln-p-sIm-m-sav k-Xn-sn am{Xta C\nbhv c-bpq Fv {]Jym-]n--s-n-cn-p-Xpw AXp-
140
JpB\ns Bmhv
sIm-m-Wv. aX-]-cn-Xym-Kn-I-tfm-Sp kao-]\w Fs\ Bbn-cn--W-sav Cu

kqw ]Tn-n-p-p. Ah hnc-an-p-X
- n-\p-th-n Fp-]d
-
Xv, "Ah Ckvemw
kzoI-cn-p--Xn-\p-th-n-b-, Icm-dp-I-fpw, DS--Sn-Ifpw ewLn-m-Xn-cn-m thn'
Fm-Wv. _Jd: 26-27, Ben-Cw-dm: 78, An-km-Av: 91, AAv-dm^v: 176, Xu_: 45
13.
X-fpsS {]Xn--I ewLn-psIm-n-cn-p-I-bpw, {]hm-N-Is\

\mn\nv ]pd-m-m Dy-anpIbpw sNbvX Hcp P\-tmSv
\n bpw sNm-Xn-cn-p-Xv Fs\?A{Iaw BZyw XpS-nbXv Ah Xsbmbn-cp-n-pw. \n Ahsc `b-s-Sp-I-bmtWm?
\nv `b-s-Sm Ghpw Al Am-lpam{XamIpp-\n
hnizm-kn-I-fm-sW-n.
hnizm-kn-Isf bp-n\v t{]cn-n-p-Ibpw ZoImcy-n IpSpw_ _tam

ùXnI Xm]-cytam ]cn-K-Wn-m-Xn-cn-m in-]qw Dt_m-[n-npIbpw
sNp-I-bm-Wnhn-sS. hnizm-kn-I kz-t-m dkq-en\v m\w sImSp-p-sav
Alvkm_v: 6 ]d-n-p-v. An-km-Av: 135, amCZ: 54-56, A^m: 4648
14.
\n AhtcmSv bpw sNp-hn, \n-fpsS ssII-fm Amlp

Ahsc inn- pXn\pw \ny- c m- p- - X n\pw Ahs- X nsc
\nv klmbw \Ip-X
- n-\pw hnizm-kn-If
- mb P\-Xb
- psS s\pI-fnep tcmK- kpJ-s-Sp-pXn-\p-amWv Amlp AXpaptJ\
Dt-in-p--Xv.
15.
Ah-cpsS\n-tj-[n-I-fp-sS lrZ-b--fn-ep tIm]w \on--fbp-Xn\pw, AtXm-sSmw Ah-\ptinp--hv ]m--]n-m DXhn

\Ip--Xn-\p-am-Ip-p. Amlp Fm-a-dn-bp bpn-\-tm.
_Jd: 251, An-km-Av: 77 Xu_: 6, kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.

hnizm-kn-I-fpsS lrZ-b--fn Ah Xs-bmWv Am-lp-hns kwLw, Ah
Xs-bmWv kXy-n- Fv Ddphcp-p--Xn-\pw, \ntj-[n-I-fpsS lrZ-b-fn\nv Am-lp-hn-t\mSpw hnizm-kn-Itfm-Sp-ap tIm]w \on--f-bm-\pw, Ahsc
\ny-cmbn ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-m-\p-amWv Amlp bp--sfmw Dm-n-bn-p--sXmWv ]d-bp--Xv. \ntj-[n-I-fn Nnev sXp-a-\-n-emn ]m-X-]np aSm Ah-kcw \Ip--Xn\pw, Ah-sc Icm-dp-Ifpw {]Xn--I-fp-samw ]menp kz`m-h-m-cmbn amp--Xn\pw IqSn-bmWv bp-ap-m-p--Xns ey-w.
Fm Cv bptam h[tam Hp-an, Jp-B aqSn-sh-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-ItfmSv Jp-BsImp A[n-I-cn PnlmZv am{X-am-Wp--Xv. bq\p-kv: 57-, a\pjysc A`nkwt_m-[\w sNbvXp-sImv Amlp ]d-bp-p: \nv \n-fpsS
DS-a-bmb \mY-\n \np D]-tZ-ihpw, \n-fpsS s\p-I-pn-ep--Xn\v
Au_ (9)
141
i-a-\hpw hnizm-kn-Iv kamKhpw Imcp-Wy-hp-amb Jp-B hs-n-bn-cnp-p. 58-, Am-lp-hns HuZm-cyhpw Imcp-Wy-hp-amb Cu Jp-B\ns Bibw
sImv DuwsImepw Bm-Zn--ep-amWv Ah Hcp-an-p-Iq-p-- asnt\-mfpw
D-a-sa-pw ]d-n-p-v. Ckvdm-Av: 82-, hnizm-kn-Iv Jp-B-\n tcmK-ia-\hpw Imcp-Wy-hp-ap-s-pw A{I-an-Iv AXv \jvS-a-msX hn-n-p-I-bnspw ]d-n-pv. Ben-Cw-dm: 154, An-km-Av: 63, 174-175, A^m: 8 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
16.
AX-, \n shdpsX hnb-sSpsav IW-p-Iq-p-pthm? \nfn\nv BcmWv Am-lp-hns amKn PnlmZv sNp--sXpw, Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs ZqX-s\bpw hnizm-kn-I-sf-bp-a-msX
am-scbpw B-an-{X-hpw A`-b-a-cp-fp--h-\p-ambn sXsc-sSp-m-h Bscpw Amlp C\nbpw Xncn--dn-n-n-msb-n-cn-s.
Amlp \n {]hn-p--sXmw hebw sNbvX-h-\-tm.
Cu kqw A`nkwt_m-[-\w sNp-Xv kao-]-Im-ev Ckvem-an h

]pXnb Bfp-I-tfm-SmWv. Amlphpw Ahs Zo\pw Xs-bmWv kzw Poh-[\mZn-I-sf-mfpw _p-an-{Xm-Zn-I-sf-mfpw \nv {]nb--c-sav ]co--W-Lw
XcWw sNbvXp-sImv {]tbm-K-n sXfn-bn-m Ime-tmfw \nsf
bYm hnizm-kn-I-fmbn ]cn-K-Wn-p--X-. \n-fpsS CXp-h-sc-bp \ne]mSpshp t\mnbm \njvI-f--amb BZy-Ime apkvenw-I-fpsS Bm-W-neqsS Ckvemw hnP-bnv cmPyv A[n-Im-c-n h-tm \nfpw AXn
tNv apkvenw-If
- m-sb-pam{Xw. \n-fpsS Ckvemw kzoI-cn- XymK-]cn-{ianeqsS sXf-bn-t-n-bn-cn-pp. lpP-dm-v: 15- Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw
hnizm-kn-I, Am-lp-hn-s\-sm-pw Ahs ZqX-s\-smpw hniz-kn-p-hcpw,
]ns Ah-cpsS hnizm-k-n kwi-bn-m--h-cpw, X-fpsS k-p-sIm-pw
ico-cw-sImpw Am-lp-hns amK-n XymK-]-cn-{i-a- sNp--h-cp-am-Wv,
Aq- Xs-bmWv kXy-kam. 16-, C-s\-b-m apkvenwI-tfmSv
tNmZn-m Bh-iy-s-Spp: \n Am-lp-hn\v Zo ]Tn-n-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ib
- mtWm?
Am-lp BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep--sXmw Adn-bp--h-\m-bn-cn-s. 17-, Ah-cpsS
Ckvemw BtjWw \ntmSv ImWn henb A\p-{K-l-am-bn-m-Wtm Ah
]cn-K-Wn-p--Xv. \o Ah-tcmSv ]d-bpI: \n-fpsS Ckvemw Bt-jWw henb
A\p-{K-l-ambn FtmSv FSpv ]d-tb--Xn-. A; \nsf hnizm-kn-tev
amKw ImWn-p-X-cnIhgn Am-lp-hmWv \n-tfmSv A\p-{Klw ImWn--Xv\n-
kXy-hmam-cm-sW-n.
Am-lphpw dkqepw hnizm-kn-Ifpw tN-XmWv Am-lp-hns kwL-sapw, B kwL-nsSmsX Hcmfpw kzK-n {]th-in-p-I-bn-spw Cu
kqhpw ]Tn-n-p-p. kq-w Ah-km-\npXv- "Amlp \n {]hnp--sXmw hebw sNbvX-h-\-tm' Fv ]dn-cnt, \n-fn \nv BcmWv
142
JpB\ns Bmhv
PnlmZv sNp-Xv Fv {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Amlphn\v Adn-bmth-n-sb

adnv -hn-izm-kn-Iv Adn-bm-\pw, Ah-cpsS ap--h-cp-am-bp _w Am-lphns Xr]vXn-bnepXmnom-\p-am-Wv FmWv. Cv Ghpw henb PnlmZv
Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-epw ]Tn-n--ep-am-Wv. AsX, Jp-B-\ns Bibw
Dc-pw DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Ihpw Xpemkpw Bbn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-tm am{Xsa
Amlphns amKhpw ]nim-Nns amKhpw thXncn--dn-bp-I-bp-q. Ben-Cwdm: 166-167, amCZ: 94, AAvdm^v: 194195, A^m: 74 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
17.
kXy-\n-tj-[
- n\v kzbw kmn-Ifm-bnsmv Am-lp-hns ]nI-fpsS ]cn-]m-e-I-cm-bn-cn-p-hm apivcnp-Iv Ah-Im-i-an-.
AqcpsS I--sfm-sbpw ]mgmbntmbn-cn-p-p, Ah \cI-n \nXy-hm-kn-Ifp-am-bn-cn-pw.
Amlphns ]n-I Fpshm bmsXmcp hn`m-Ko-bXbpan-msX k

{kjvSm-hmb Am-lp-hns\ am{Xw kvacn-p--Xn\pw Ahs kwkm-c-amb JpB-\ns Bibw Ah Dt-in Bi-b-n P\-sf ]Tn-n-m-\p-ap eam-Wv. `qa-nbn GI-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\v thn \nan BZy ]n-bmb akvPn-Zp
ld-an amapivcn-p-I-fpsS B[n-]-Xyw\ne-\n-n-cp-Xv t]msebpw, aZo-\-bn
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I \nan "akvPn-Zpndm' t]msebpw Cv temI-p apgp-h
]n-Ifpw hnhn[ kwL-S-\-I-fmbn-]ncnv apivcn-p-I-fmbno apkvenw-IfpsS A[o-\-X-bn-em-Wp--sXv Jp-B auC-fpw DIm-gvm-Zm-b-I-hpambn
D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--hv a\-n-em-m-hp--XmWv. \_n Cv Pohn-n-cn-p-sn Acw ]n-I-fn-sempw t]mIp-I-bns--p--Xn-\m hnizm-kn-Ifpw
Acw ]n-I-fn {]th-in-m-hp--X-. _Jd: 113114, A-Bw: 158159,
AAvdm^v: 37, A^m: 35 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
18.
\nbw Am-lp-hns ]n-I ]cn-]m-en-m Al-X-bp--Xv,

Am-lp-hns\smpw Ay-Zn-\ssmpw hniz-kn-p-I-bpw
\a-kvImcw apd-{]-Imcw \ne-\np-Ibpw kImv \Ip-I-bpw Amlp-hn-s\-b
- msX am-scbpw `b-s-Sm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-h
- mWv.
Aq kamKw D]-tbm-K-s-Spph-cmbn Xot-mw.
Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn Pohn-m B{K-l-ap hnizm-kn-Iv

am{Xta ]n-I-fpsS ]cn-]m-e-I-cm-Im Al-X-bpq. Fm samw a\pjyp kamK-amb Jp-B Sn-mbn(Ckm: 29) D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-msX
Hcmfpw kzK-n-se-p-I-bn-. Atm kamKw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m IqSpX Ah-kcw e`n-pI ]n ]cn-]m-en-p--hm-Wv. Fm Cv hnizm-kn-IfpsS ]n-Ifpw Camapw Cm Ah--bn, Jp-B-\ns Bibw ISn-p]n-Snn-cn-m-\mWv Amlp In-n-p-Xv. amCZ: 48, Xu_: 13 kq--fpsS hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I
Au_ (9)
19.
143
lmPn-amv shw sImSp-p--Xpw akvPn-Zp ld-ans ]cn-]m-e-Icm-Ip-Xpw, Am-lp-hnepw Ay-\m-fnepw hniz-kn-p-I-bpw Amlp-hns amK-n XymK-]-cn-{i-a- \S-p-Ibpw sNp--h-cpsS
I-v Xpey-am-p-I-bm-tWm \n--A-mlp-hns ASp-
Ch cpIqcpw ka-am-hp-I-bn-. A{I-an-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xsb
Amlp kamK-n-tev \bn-p-I-bpan.
]n-]-cn-]m-e-\-n-\pw t\-h-gn-]m-Sp-I XpS-nb BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-

\ne-\np--Xn\pw {]m[m\yw sImSp-p-sImv ]n`mc-hm-ln-I-fmbn Duw \Snp--h-tcmSv: Jp-B ]Tn-pXn\pw ]Tn-n-p-Xn\pw AXp-hgn Am-lp-hnepw
Ay-Zn-\-nepap hnizmkw cq]-s-Spn kzKw ]Wn-bpXn\pw thnbp
{]h-\- \S-msX, ]f-fn-]-cn-]m-e-\-n kmbq-Py-a-S-bp-I-bmtWm \n
FmWv Cv Cu kq-n-eqsS tNmZn-p-Xvv. _Jd: 258, Ben-Cw-dm: 10
Jp-B Fv, Fn\v, FvsImv? Fv lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn ]Tn-npsImv hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-p-Ibpw a\p-jy-cpsS sFIyw \ne-\np--Xn\v
thn {]hn-p-I-bp-am-Wv Cv Am-lp-hns amK-n-ep PnlmZv. JpB Fm AXns Bi-b-amWv Fn-cns, Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX HmXn-bmepw
]pWyw Inp-sav ]dv km[m-cWmsc \c-I-n-tev ]nSn-p-h-env sImpt]m-Ip I]-S-hn-izm-kn-IfpsS X\n-\ndw Xpd-vIm-WnpsIm-pw, Jp-B\ns
Bi-b-an-msX Ncym-]-c-amb \a-kvIm-chpw t\mpw \n-lnv ]ng-bmbn \cIw
t\Sp, \ntj-[-n-\p-ta \ntj[w ssIsIm-p km[m-cW-m-cmb Ip^v^mdp-I-tfm-Sv _Jd: 166167 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw D-cnv Ah-cpsS ]cn-WnXn
ap-dn-bnv \Insm-p-am-WXv. Xu_: 73, ^pJm: 52 Iqn-hmbnp-I. kpa:
9 Amlp ]d-bpp: Jp-B-\ns Bibw Adn-bp--h-cpw Adn-bm--hcpw kaam-Iptam? \n-bw, _pn-amam am{Xta lrZ-bwsImv Hman-p-I-bp-q. JpB\ns Bi-bw-sImv Pohn-X-eyw Xncn--dn-bp-I-bpw, Ah-c-hsc Xncn--dn-bp-Ibpw, {km-hns\ Xncn--dn-bp-Ibpw sNbvX-h-cmWv _pn-amam. Am--h
\msf \c-I-n ]n-, ]n, XpS-nb Poh-Pm-e--fpsS cq]-n ]p\Po-hn-n-s-Sm hn[n--s--h-cm-Wv. am-CZ: 60 t\mp-I.
kPZ: 18-, Atm hnizm-kn-bmb Hcm I]-S-hn-izm-knsbtmse-bm-Iptam?
Ah Hcn-epw ka-am-hp-I-bn-sv ]d-n-p-v. Pmknb: 21- Amlp tNmZnpp: AX-, Xn-I-fn hnl-cn-p--h IWv Iqp-p-thm? \nbw \mw
AhcptSbpw, hniz-kn-p-Ibpw B hnizmkw ap--hv Fn-psIm-Sp-p-hcptSbpw Poh-nXhpw ac-Whpw Hcp-t]m-se-bm-p-sav? F{X tami-s Xocp-am-\am-W-h ssIsImp-Xv. Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX Jp-B hln-p--hsc PqX-tcm-Spw,
Igp-X-tbmSpw PpapA: 5 D]-an-n-p-v. {]kvXpX kqw Ah-km-\n-p--Xv,
Ccw A{I-an-I-fmb P\-Xsb Amlp kamK-n-tev \bn-p-Ibn F
Bi-b-n-em-Wv. An-km-Av: 63, AAvdm^v: 176 t\mpI.
144
20.
JpB\ns Bmhv
BcmtWm hniz-kn-p-I-bpw hnizmkw kwc-n-p--Xn-\p-thn
\mSpw hoSpw- sh-Sn-bp-Ibpw, Am-lp-hns amKn [\wsImpw
tZlwsImpw PnlmZv sNp-Ibpw sNp--Xv, Ah-cpsS ]Z-hn-IfmWv
Am-lp-hns ASpv al--c-ambnp--XvAq- am{Xam-Ipp
hnPbw hcn-p-hcpw.
liv: 20, \c-I-hm-kn-Ifpw kzK-hm-kn-Ifpw ka-am-hp-I-bn-, kzKhm-knI Xs-bmWv hnPbw hcn-p--h (Pohn-X-eyw kmmXvIcn-p-h)
Fp]d-n-p-v. Az-^v: 10-14 t\mp-I. Cv Am-lp-hns amKamb JpB\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-I-bpw- sN-pI Xs-bmWv Pohn-X-eyw
kmmXvIcn-p-Xn\p GI amKw. Aq: 52 Amlp ]d-bpp:
Amlphnt\bpw AhsZqX- s \bpw A\pkcnpIbpw Amlphns\`bsSpIbpw Jp-B-\ns Bibw sImv Ahs\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-Ibpw
sNp--h-cp-tm Aq- am{X-amWv PohnX eyw kmmI-cn-ph.
Am-lp-hns amKn "[\wsImpw tZlwsImpw' PnlmZv sNp-I
FmWv `mjmw Fgp-Xn-b-sX-nepw, {][m-\-ambpw Bm-hvsIm-mWv icoct-m-fp-]cn PnlmZv sNt-Xvv. ImcWw Bmhv ]s-Sp-p-tmtg {]m\
hcn-I-bp-p, eyw cq]-s-Sp-Ibpp, Atmam-{Xta AXv C_m-Z-mbn amdpI-bp-q. B{K-ln-pI, {]mn-p-I, {]hn-pI FXpam-{XamWv tIhew
krjvSn-I-fmb \apv sNm\pXv. \S-n-em-p-Xv Fmw AS-n-`-cn-p GIm[n-]\pw tkzOm-[n-]\pw khm-[n-]\pw bpn-m-\n-bpw {XnIm-e-m-\n-bpamb
Amlp am{X-am-Wv. _Jd: 25, A-Bw: 125126, 155-157, A^m: 24, 74 kq-fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
21.
Ah-cpsS \mY Ahsc, Ah-\n \np Imcp-WywsImpw Xr]vXnsIm-pw ktm-j-hmbdn-bn-pp, Ahv mbn-bmb A\p{K-l--f-S-nb kzK-q-tm-p-Ifpspw.
22.
AhcXn Fspw \nXy-hm-kn-I-fm-bn-cn-pw. \nbw Amlp

Ahs ]emIpp al-mb {]Xn-^-e-ap--Xv.
amCZ: 119, A^m: 73 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
23.
Hm hnizm-kn-Itf, \n kzw ]nXm--sfbpw ktlm-Z-cam-scbpw,

Ah hnizm-k-t-m \ntj-[-n\v apK-W\ \Ip--h-cm-sWn \n-fpsS cm-[n-Im-cn-I-fm-m-Xn-cn-p-hn. \n-fn Bscnepw Ahsc cm-[n-Im-cn-I-fmbn sXcs--Sp-p-I-bm-sW-n,
Atm Aq- Xs-bm-Ipp A{I-an-I.
An-km-Av: 135 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. A-lv: 106107 Amlp ]dbpp: BcmtWm Xs hnizm- k - n\v tijw Amlphns\ aqSn- s hp-
Au_ (9)
145
Xv,Ahs lrZbw hnizm-kn \nhr-Xn-b-S-vsImv \n_-n-Xm-h-bn-semgn-sI BcmtWm s\n \ntj[w {]I-Sn-n-pXv, Atm Ah-cpsS
taemWv Am-lp-hns tIm]-apXv, Ahv hn in-bp-amWp--Xv. AXh ]c-tem-I
- n\pta Cl-tem-I
- n\v apK-W\ \In-bX
- psIm-m-Wv. \nbw
Ccw \ntj-[n-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xsb Amlp kamK-n-tev \bn-p-I-bnXs. amCZ: 67 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Jp-B-\ns XW-enem _sfmw \msf
]c-tem-I-v ]c-kv]cw i{Xp-X-bn-em-bn-cn-p-sav kpKvdp^v: 67 ]d-n-p-v.
^pJm: 27-30 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. _Jd: 121, amCZ: 45, 51, A-Bw: 121-122, AAvdm^v:
40-41, A^m-: 73, Xu_: 4 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
24.
]d-bp-I: \n-fpsS ]nXm-sfbpw \n-fpsS km-\-sfbpw \nfpsS ktlm-Z-csfbpw \n-fpsS CW-Isfbpw \n-fpsS _-pan{Xm-Zn-I-sfbpw \n km-Zn-p-sh kzpsfbpw \jvSw kw`hn-psa-v \n `b-s-Sp I-h-Ssbpw \n Xr]vXn-sSp \n-fpsS hoSp-I-sf-bp-am-Wv, Am-lp-hn-t\-mfpw Ahs ZqXt\-m-fpw Ahs amK-n PnlmZv sNp--Xn-t\-mfpw Gsd
\n CjvS-sSp-sX-n, Atm Amlp Xs I-\bpw
sImp-hc
- p-Xphsc \n Imn-cpp sImp-I. Amlp Ccw
sXmSn-I-fmb Hcp P\Xsb kamK-n-te-m-pIbn Xs.
ap\m-^n-Jq: 9 Amlp hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnp ]d-bp-p: Hm hnizm-kn-Itf, Jp-B\ns Bi-b-s-smv \n-fpsS [\tfm km-\-tfm \nsf
XS-b-cp-Xv. \n-fn Bsc-nepw As\ {]hn-p]w, Atm Aq Xs-bmWv PohnXw \jvS-sXX--h. AI-_q-v: 45, Am-lp-hns
ZnIv Jp-B\ns Bi-bw Xs-bmWv ]c-a-{]-[m-\-sav ]d-n-p-v. Atm
asn-t\-mfpw Jp-B\ns Bi-b-w ]Tn-m\pw ]Tn-n-m\pw {][m\yw sImSpt--Xm-Wv. PnlmZp-sIm-p-tiyw ey-{]m]vXnp-thn k-I-gn-hp-Ifpw D]tbm-Kn-pI F-XmWv. eyamh-s kzKw t\S-ep-am-Wv. Atm kzK-nte-p Sn-mb Jp-B\
- ns samw Bi-ba
- n-msX Hcmfpw kzK-n FpI-bn-. Jp-B\ns Bibw Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmWv ^mknJo- Fv Xu_: 67epw, Fm-hcpw ^mkn-Jo--fm-Ip-tm-gmWv temIw Ahkm-\n-p-I-sbv AlvJm-^v: 35epw ]d-n-p-v. Atm Amlp Xs I\bpw sImp-h-cp-Xphsc \n Imn-cppsImp-I Fp-]-d--Xns hnh, \n Jp- B ]Tn- m\pw ]Tn- n- m\pw Xm- d n- s - n \n- f psS
m\p asmcp P\-Xsb Amlp sImp-h-cp-sa-p-amWv. A-n-km-Av: 133
apAvan: 6 Amlp ]d-bpp: A{]-Imcw \ns \mYs hN\w Im^n-dpI-fp-sS-ta _m[-Ia
- m-bn, \nbw Ah \c-I
- ns kl-hm-kn-If
- m-sWv. kpa:
8 Amlp ]d-bpp: \ns \ntj[wsImv Ipd--Imew \o kpJnv Pohn-p-
146
JpB\ns Bmhv
sIm-p-I, \nbw \o \c-I-ns kl-hm-kn-I-fn s]Sp--h Xs-bm-Wv.

_Jd: 99, 186, amCZ: 5456, 108, A-Bw: 65,157, Xu_: 8, 80 kq--fpsS hni-ZoI-cWw t\m-p-I.
25.
Amlp \nc-h[n bpta-J-eI-fn \nsf klm-bn-n-p--Xm-Ipp, lpss\ \mfnepw(k-lm-bn-n-p-v). \nfpsS B[nIyw \nsf
Duw sImn--tm AXv \nsmcp KpWhpw sNbvXn-. `qan
AXns hnime-Xtbm-sSmw Xs CSp-n-b-Xmbn \nv A\p`-h-s-p. ]ns \n ]pdwXn-cnv HmSn-tm-tInhcn-Ibpw
sNbvXp.
Ben-Cw-dm: 140142 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. A^m: 19 \ntj-[n-Isf

A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNbv-XpsImv ]d-- AtXkzc-n-emWv ChnsS lpss\
bp-\m-fns\pdnv hnizm-kn-Isf A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNp-Xv. lnPvd 8mw hjw
im-en- abv-pw XzmC-^n\pw at[ybp lpss\ Xmgvhc-bnshmWv
lpss\ bpw \S--Xv. Cu bp-n apkvenwI-fpsS `mKv ]{-m-bncw
t]c-S-p Hcp hn ssk\y-amWv Dmbn-cp--Xv. AXn\v app Hcp
bpnepw apkvenwI-fpsS `mKv C{X- h-enb Hcp ssk\yw ]s-Sp-n-cp-n-.
adp-h-iv i{Xp- F-n hfsc Ipd-hm-bn-cp-p. Fnpw Ahv apn
apkvenw ssk\yn\v ]nSnp\nm- Ign-n-, ]nn-cn-tm-Sm e-an-m-hw Ahv `qan AXns hnim-e-X-tbm-sSmw CSp-n-b-Xmbn A\p-`-h-sp. \_nbpw Ipdv hnizm-kn-Ifpw am{Xta ]nSn-p-\n-p-q. X^-e-ambn apkvenw
ssk\yw hopw ]p\xkwL-Sn-n-sSp-I-bpw hnP-bw t\Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Asn _Zvdn\p-tijw DlvZn kw`-hn--Xp-t]mse, amhnPbw t\Sn-sm-Sp-t\sfmw lpss\-\n \jvS-sSpam-bn-cpp. Ben-Cw-dm:153 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
BIm-i-`q-a-nIfpw Ah-n-S-bn-ep kw`-h--fp-samw BZyhpw Ay-hpanm Amlp, BZyta \n-bn-n-pXmsW t_m[-tmsS Jp-B-\ns
Bi-bw-sImv Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqnvsImv Iv Cash-p kabw-t]mepw FsImcyw t\mm Fs Gn--cptX, \ns B{i-bn-psImv
\ne-sIm-p-h
- \
- m-tWta Fv Ftmgpw lrZ-bw-sImv {]mn-Ws
- a-mWv
kqw ]Tn-n-p--Xv. F-msX \ntj-[n-Isftmse kwJym-_-entem Bbp[-_-entem m\-am-\--fntem k-ntem km-\--fntem Hpw Al-cn-m-sXbpw Duw \Sn-m-sXbpw \ne-sIm--Ww. Am-lp-hns\ klm-bn-p-Ibm-sW-n Imcy-Im-c-W-_--n\v AXo-X-ambn Ah Xncnpw klm-bnpw
F ZrVt_m[-tmsSbpw Fm-n-sbpw ISn-m Ahs In-em-sW
DdtmsSbpw Ah-\vthn \ne-sIm--phsc Ah hnP-bn-n-p--Xm-Wv.
A^m: 41 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI-. \nbw R Am-lp-hn \nv hh-cmWv, Ah-\n-tev Xs Xncn-p-t]m-tI--h-cm-Wv Fv a\mhm-Nm--IaWm
Au_ (9)
147
AwKo-I-cn-p--h-cmWv hnizmknI. _Jd: 157, 249, 251, Ben-Cw-dm: 146147
26.
]noSv Amlp Ahs ZqXsbpw kXy-hn-izm-kn-IfpsSbpw ta

Xs imnbpw kam- [ m- \ hpw Cd- p- I bpw, \n ImWm
ssk\ys Cd-p-Ib
- pw, kXy-\n-tj[n-Isf inn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
AXp Xs-bm-Ipp kXy-\n-tj-[n--Ip {]Xnêw.
Ben-Cw-dm: 154, A^m: 11 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. "ko-\v'

FXn\v imnbpw kam-[m-\hpsa-mWv `mjmw \In-bn-p--Xv. bYmn ZpxJhpw `bhpw hnn-jvShpw thZ-\bpw Hp-an-m, Fmw ad kzKob-amb Hc-h--bmWv AXpsImpt-in-p--Xv. ^pzn-ev: 3032 Amlp
]d-bpp: \nbw R-fpsS \mY Am-lp-hm-sWv {]Jym-]n-p-Ibpw ]noSv
B {]Jym-]-\-n Ddv \ne-sIm-p-I-bpw sNp--h-cpsS ta \nv `bs-Smt\m ZpxJn-mt\m CS-hc
- pn, \n-tfmSv hmKvZw sN-s kzKw sImv
ktm-jnv sImp-I Fv ]d-psImv ae-p-I Cd--s-Sp-XmWv, Rfm-Wv Cl-nepw ]c-nepw \n-fpsS kwc--Iam. Gsd s]mdp--p ImcpWy-hm\n \np hncp-m-bn-sm-v, \nv B kzK-n \n-fpsS
Bmhvv B{K-ln-p--sXpw \nXn \n tXSp--sXpw Dv.
^Xvlv: 4 Amlp ]d-bpp: hnizm-k-n\v ta hnizmkw hn-p-Xn\pthn Ah Xs-bmWv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS lrZ-b-n imnbpw kam-[m\hpw Cd-n-b-Xv. BIm-i-`q-a-nI-fnse ]m-f--sfmw Ah-\p--XmWv. Ah-s\mw
Adn-bp bpn--\p-atm. ^Xvlv: 18 Amlp ]d-bpp:(lpssZ-_n-b-bn)
B hr-n Xmsgshv \ntmSv {]Xn sNbvX hnizm-kn-IfpsS ta \nbw
Amlp Xr]vXn-s-n-cn-p-p. Ah-cpsS lrZ-b--fn-ep-Xv Amlp Adn-n-pv. Atm Amlp Ah-cpsS ta imnbpw kam-[m-\hpw Cd-n. Ahv
ASp-p-X-s-bp hnPbwa-m-hn-P-bw km-\n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ^Xvlv: 26
Amlp ]d-bpp: \ntj-[n-I-fpsS lrZ-b--fn "Pmln-enmFcns]mcnkmcw'
Dm-n-b-tm Amlp Ah ZqXstaepw hnizm-kn-I-fpsStaepw imnbpw
kam-[m-\hpw Cd-n. Ahsc XJvh-bm-Ip hN-\w-sImv sscy-s-Sp-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Ahcm-bncpp B hN-\s kXy-s-Sp-p--hcpw AXn\v Alcpw.
Amlp Fm Hmtcm Imcy-fpw Adn-bp k-\
- t- m. Npcp-
- n bYm
Pohn-Xw XpS-p-Xv ac-W-tmSv IqSn-bm-Wv a\-n-emnbnp hnizm-knIv
acn-m `b-an-m sh{]m-fhpw thh-em-Xnbpw ZpxJhpw `bhpw Cm Hcp
Ah--mWv ko-\v Fv ]d-bp-Xv. Ben-Cw-dm: 102, A^m: 41, Xu_:
40 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
27.
]ns AXn-\p-tijw Amlp Ah-\p-t-in-p--h-cpsS ]m-m]w

kzoI-cnpp. Amlp Gsdsmdp-p- ImcpWy-hm-\tm.
Xu_: 6 kq-n I]-\-b-\p-k-cnv lpss\ hnP-bm-\-cw ]cm-Pn-X-
148
JpB\ns Bmhv
tcmSv \_n ImWn am\yhpw DZm-c-hp-amb kao-]\ns ê-ambn Ah-cn A[nI-t]cpw hnizmkw kzoI-cn-p. DlvZv bp-tijw apkvenw-I-fn \np I]-S-hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw kuay-am-b kao-]-\-amWv kzoI-cn--sXv Ben-Cw-dm: 159s hniZo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I. An-km-Av: 17-18, A^m: 17, 6264 kq--fpsS
28.
Hm hnizm-kn-I-fm-b-h-tc, \nbw Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-fn ]p-tNp--h(apivcnp-I) -ip--nbnm-hcmWv, AXn\m Cu hj-n-\p-tijw Ah akvPn-Zpld-ans ASp-p hcm
]mSn-. \n hcp-am-\-n Ipdhv `b-s-Sp-p-sh-n Amlp
Dt-in-p]w Ahs A\p-{K-l-m \nsf k--cm-p-Xm-Wv. \nbw Amlp Fm-a-dn-bp bpn-\
-- tm.
Xu_: 1719 hni-Zo-I-cWw Iq-n-hm-bn-p-I. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I amen-\y-am-Wv

AXpsImv \n Ahsc Ah-K-Wn-pI Fv Xu_: 95epw, Jp-B-\ns
Bibw Ahv amen-\y-n\v ta amen-\y-a-msX hn-n-pbn-sv 125epw
]d-n-p-v. hnizm-kn-Isf hnfn-mWv Cu kq-n apivcnp-I ipn-bn-m-hcmsWvv ]d-n-p--Xv. samw Jp-B-\m-Ip hrs ]nSn-msX,
sImp-I ]nSnv `nnv t]mb-h-cmWv apivcnp-I Fv _Jd: 176 ]d-npv. Atm Cv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw apivcnp-Ifpsamw, Jp-B e`n-nv
hnizm-kw cq]-s-Sp-m apkvenw-I-fm-Wv. Jp-B-\ns Bibw sXmSm CXc
aX-tcmSp kao-]\w Xu_: 6 ]d-n-p-v. amCZ: 49, bqkp^v: 106 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
temImhkm-\-a-Sp-p-tm hopw Pmln-en-v BZy-t-Xn-t\-m
]qm-h--bn hcp-sav \_n ZoL-ho-Ww sNbvXn-p--Xpam-Wv. Cv
apkvenwI-fpsS Fm {]h-\
- fpw Jp-B\ns Bi-ba
- n-m-X
- n-\m Bmhv
]s-Sp-msX icocw sImp--Xmbn amdpIhgn, ]nim-Nn-\p C_m-Z-mbn
amdn-bn-cn--bm-Wv. AAvdm^v: 172173 t\mpI. akvPn-Zpld-an am{X-a Fm
]n-Ifnepw Ah-cpsS {]m-\bpw \a-kvIm-c-hp-sa-mw A^m: 35 ]d-Xp-t]mse, As apivcnp-I-fptS-Xn-t\mSv kmay-s-n-cn-p--Xmbn Jp-B\ns
shfn--n t\mn-bm ImWp--Xm-Wv. Cu kq-ns "auC-f-v'A\p-kcnv (_-Jd: 66, Ben-Cw-dm: 138) ld-ans AXnnIfn {]th-i\w hnestSXv, apivcnp-If
- m-bn-o Cs apkvenwIsfbmWv. Fm hnizmkn-I-fpsS Hcp kwL-w Fhn-sS-bpanm--Xn-\m AXv \S-n-emm km[y-a-.
C\n Cukm-\_n h-Xn-\p-tijw am{X-amWv AXv \S-n-em--pI. \_n-bpsS
Imepmb "am-hn-P-bNcn{Xw' Bhn-p-sImv, Cukm-\-_n-bpsS hc-thmSp-IqSn Ckvemans\mcp "temI-hn-Pbw' DmIp--Xpw, a tI{o-I-cnv Cukm\_n temIw `cn-p--Xp-am-Wv. _Jd: 174s shfn--n, Cv akvPn-Zp ldanse Camwt]mepw hb-n XobmWv \nd-p--sXv ImWmw. Ben-Cw-dm: 85-
Au_ (9)
149
88, 187 AAv-dm^v: 176, A^m: 55, kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.

"-\n hcp-am-\-n Ipdhv `b-s-Sp-p-sh-n' Fp-]-d--Xns hnh, apivcnp-I ln\pw apw hcm-Xn-cp-m Hmtcm lmPn-am-cn\npw CuSmp \nnX kwJybpw Ah-cpambp {Ib-hn-{I-b--fn \np km-nI
hcp-am\hpw Ipd-bp-atm-, Atm akvPn-Zp ldw ]cn-]m-e-\-n\pw apw ]W-apm-hp-I-bn-tm Fp \n `b-s-S-cp-Xv FmWv. BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS A[n-]\mb Amlp Ah-\p-t-in-p]w Ahs A\p-{K-l--fn\nv \In
\nsf kl-mbntpw. _Jd: 221, An-km-Av: 130133 t\mp-I.
29.
Amlphns\smpw Ay\m-fns\smpw hniz-kn-m-h

- c
- pw,
Am-lphpw Ahs ZqX\pw \njn--am-nbXns\ \njn--am-bn
]cnKWn-m--h-cpw, bYmZo-\ns\ kzw Zo\mbn kzoI-cnmhcp-amb, thZw \Ishcn \nphtcmSv \n bpw
sNp-hn, Ah kzw ssIIfm Pnkvb \Ip-Ibpw kzbw XmgvaIm-Wn-p-hcm-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNp-Xphsc.
Cv temIv samw thZw Jp-B\ns Bibw am{X-am-bXpsImv

Av thZ-m-tcm-Sp kao-]\w Jp-B e`n apkvenw-I-tfm-Sm-Wv kzoI-cn-tXv. Am-lp-hnepw ]c-tem-I-nepw hnizm-k-ap-sv Ah hmZnp-p-shnepw {]mtbm-KnI Pohn-X-n AhcpsS B hnizm-kw {]Xn-^-enp-n.
Amlphnep hnizm-k-sa-m, Fm-n-sbpw DSa Am-lp-hm-sW-pw ChnsS
Pohn-t-Xv Ahs hn[n-hn-e-p-I\p-k-cnp am{X-am-sWpamWv. ]c-temI-n-ep hnizm-k-sa-m, ]Xn-\v hb-n-\p-ti-j-ap Pohn-X-ns Hmtcm
\nan-jspdnpw hn[n-Zn-hkw Am-lp-hns apn H-bvsm--mbn Dcw
]d-b-W-sa t_m[-tm-Sp-IqSn \ne-sIm--em-Wv. thZw Inn-b-h Cu t_m[-anmsX Pohnp acn-m `qan-bn-ep k-k-pw sXw\In in-bn\nv
c-s-Sm-sap hnNm-cn-m km[y-as
- v(Ben-Cw-dm: 91 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI)
a\-n-emn, ChnsS Amlp \Inb A\p-{K-l- D]-tbm-K-s-Spn kzKw
]Wnb-em-Wv Pohn-X-eyw.
Am-lp-hn-s-b-Sp- kzoIm-cy-amb Pohn-X-hyh Ckvemw am{X-amsWv B-en-Cw-dm: 19epw AX-m Pohn-X-hy-h
kzoI-cn--h-scmw ]c-tem-I-n \jvS-s--h-cm-bn-cn-p-sav 85epw ]d-n-pv. kz^v: 9 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Ah-\mWv Ahs ZqXs\ kamKhpw(JpB) bYmZo\pw(C-kvemw) sIm-b--Xv, Pohn-X-hy-h Fm Pohn-X-hy-h-I-sfbpw AXn-P-bn-p--Xn\p thninv sNphv AsX{X AtcmNI-am-bn-cp-mepw icn. Xu_: 33 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
`c-W
- p-aX
- e hlnp-X
- n\v \nIp-Xnv ]I-ca
- mbn CuSm-pXmWv "Pnkvb'.
CXv CuSm-t-Xv thZ-ns BfpIfmb apkvenw-I-fn\np hnizm-kn-If-m--h-cn \nmWv. kzw ssIIfm Pnkvb \Ip-I-sb-m kzbta Ah
A\p-k-cW`mh-tmsS \IpI Fpw, kzbw Xmgva-Im-Wn-p-hcm-bn-o-cp-I
150
JpB\ns Bmhv
Fm Am-lp-hns {]mXn-\n-[y- hy-h-b

-- psS \S-n-p-Im-cmb kXy-hn-izmkn-Ip hnt[-b-cm-bn- AS-n-sbm-Xpn Ign-bpI F-pam-Wv. kXy-hn-izm-kn-IfpsS kwL-ap-s-n Ahv A-[n-Imcw \Ip-sav Aq: 55 ]d-n-pv. An-bm-Av: 105, Fm-Im-cy-fpw A\p-kva-cnnXn-\p-tijw \n-b-w `qan
\psS k-\--fmb ASn-a-I-fmWv A\--c-mh-Im-i-sa-Sp-pIsbv k_q-dn
\mw tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p-sv ]d-n-p-v. kpa: 74 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Am-lphns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-bn Pohn-p kXy-hn-izm-kn-IfpsS Hcp kwLhpw, bYm
Ckvem-anI `c-Whpw Cv temIv Fhn-sSbpw Cm-XpsImv bptam
Pnkvbtbm Cv {]k--a-. Cukm \_n htij-am-Is Pnkvbtbm \nIpXntbm Itam Hpw thn-h-cn-I-bpan. km-pw kzZ-Jbpw \ImsX [\w
Iqm-c-amn sh-h, CsXmv kzoI-cnq Fv At]-n-psImv Av P\fpsS ]nmse AXp-ambn sNpXmWv. Fm temIm-h-km\w Dd-m-bXv
ImcWw Bcpw AXv kzo-I-cn-m Xm-dmhp-I-bn-. {][m-\-s ]v AS-bm-ffn Hv {]Xy--s-v Ign-m hnizmkw kzoI-cn-XpsImv bmsXmcp D]Im-chpapm-hp-I-bn-sv ABw: 158 s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I. Ankm-Av: 135, AAv-dm^v: 157-158 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
Cv temI-s-m-bn-S-p-ap apkvenw-I Fm Xn-bnepw ap]-n-bnepw
\-bn ]nn-ep-am-W-v. CXn\pImcWw AAvdm^v: 26 ]dXpt]mse JpB\ns Bi-bw Bm-hns `-Whpw hkv{X-hp-ambn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-msX,
Bm-hns\ adv ico-c-n\v {]m[m\yw sImSppsImv, Ahm-JnAx 82
]d-Xv t]mse Jp-B-\ns Bi-bs Xn-d-bpI FXv Ah-cpsS `W-ambn kzoI-cn-XpsImm-Wv. \msf hn[n-Zn-hkw Jp-B\pw sImp-hv aplZv \_n Ahs-Xnsc A\ymbw t_m[n-n-p cwKw ^pJm: 30 ap-dnbnv \In-bn-pv. Cv apkvenw P\-Xsb \bn-p, Jp-B\ns Bibsamw
Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p I]-S-hn-iymkn-I Xs-bmWv temIs A[x]Xn-npXn-\pw \in-n-p-Xn-\pw a\p-jy Xn cw Nnp--Xn-\pap inI hln-t-n-h-cn-I. Ah-cmWv Zo\ns\ If-hm-p Am-lp-hns i{Xp-.
hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-tm-Sv Ah-sc-bmWv An-km-Av: 91, Xu_: 123, Al-km_v: 61 kq--fn-eqsS Amlp h[n-m In-np-Xv. Ah Xs-bm-bncnpw ako-lp--m-ens tkh-Iam. Cukm \_n h-Xn-\p-tijw sslhcpw ss{IkvX-h-cp-a-S-p hnizm-kn-IfpsS kwLw Ahsc h[n-p-sImv Cu
kq--fpsS I\ \S-nemp--Xp-am-Wv. An-km-Av: 154-159, AAv-dm^v:
30.
blq-Zn-I ]d-bp-p: Dssk Am-lp-hns ]p{X-\m-sW-v. ss{IkvXh ]d-bp-p: ako-lv Am-lp-hns ]p{X-\m-sW-v. AsXmw
Ah- c psS hmb- I DXnp shdpw hmp- I fs{X. Ah
Xp apv kXy-\n-tj-[-n AI-s--h-cpsS hmp-I- A\pI-cnv ]d-bp-Ibm-Ip-p. Amlp Ah-sc h[n-p-I-f-n-cn-p-p--
Au_ (9)
151
F-s\bmWv Ah hgn-sX-n-tmIp-Xv?
_Jd: 259 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. "-A akolv' F k-\maw Cukm
\_n-pw akolpm-en\pw _m[-Ia
- mWv. Ben-Cw-dm: 45,55 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI. amapivcnp-I ae-p-Isf Am-lp-hns s]k-m-\--fmbpw, Pnp-Isf
Am-lp-hns Bk-m-\
- f
- mbpw ]cn-KW
- n-n-cp-p F-mWv CXn\p apv \ntj[n-I-fm-b-h-cpsS hmp-I-tfmSv Ch-cpsS hmp-I kmZr-iy-am-bn-cn-pp Fp-]-dXns Dt-iyw. amCZ: 17, 77, A-Bw: 100 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
"-Amlp Ahsc sImn-cn-pp' Fp-]-d-m, Bm-hns DS-a-bmb
Am-lp-hn hniz-kn-thn[w hniz-kn-m--Xns ^-e-ambn Ah- Dd--nte-sX-t- ]mse Bm-hn-msX Poh am{X-ap-h
- c
- mbn amdn-bn-cn-p-Ib
- m-Wv FmWv. AhcpsS PohnXw \jvS-n-em-sW-pw Ah km-Zn-p-Xp \c-I-am-sWpw ac-W-tm-Sp-IqSn Ah km-Zn \c-I-n-tev t]mtI--h-cm--Wv Fpw
a\-n-em-nb Ah sFlnI Pohn-X-n\v _Jdx 96 ]d--Xp-{]-Imcw AXnbmbn B{K-ln-p--h-cmWv. ap\m-^n-Jq: 4, Amlp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf h[nn-p-s-pw, Ah bYm hnizm-kn-I-fpsS amK-n \nv F-s\-bmWh
hgnsXn-tmIp--Xv? Fpw ]d-npv. A_k: 17, Jp-B\ns Bibw
aqSn-sh a\p-jy h[n--s-n-cn-p-p Fp]d-n-p-v. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-ans-n PohnXeyw \jvS-s--v I-sfmw ]mgmbntmb-h-cmbnocp-sav
_Jd: 186, AAv-dm^v: 89 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I.
31.
Ah Xfp-sS- "Alv_m-dp-I-sfbpw dplv_m-\n-I-sfbpw' Am-lp-hns\- IqSmsXbp dp-I-fmbn kzoIcnn-cn-p-p, adn-b-ans ]p{X

akolns\bpw. Ahtcm Htc-sbmcp Cem-ln\msX C_m-Zv sNphm In--snp-m-bn-cp-n-. Ah-\-msX thsd Cem-ln
Xs. Ah P-n-p ]m-fn-
- n \nsmw Ah F{Xtbm
]cn-ip--\s{X.
"-Alv_m-dp-I-' PqX-cnse Iaimkv{X]ptcm-ln-Xcpw "-dplv_m-\n-I-' ss{IkvX-h-cnse temI]cn-Xym-Kn-I-fmb k\ym-kn-amcp-amWv. amCZ: 63, 82 t\mp-I. Ben-Cw-dm: 53 {]Imcw, {InkvXym-\n-bm-bn-cp AZn-p_v\p lmnans t\Xr-Xzn Hcp kwLw \_nbpsS kn-[n-bn hv Ckvemw kzoI-cn-p-Ib
- pw, Atm
Atlw \_n-tbmSv Nne tNmZy- tNmZn-p-I-bp-ap-m-bn. AXn-semv Cu
kpnse ]cm-aispdn-m-bn-cp-p. R- A-hcpsS apn Ip\n-bp-Itbm kmjvSmwKw {]W-an-p-Itbm Hpw sNp-n- Fn-cns ]WvUn-Xamscbpw ]ptcm-ln-Xam-scbpw R Am-lp-hns\ IqSm-sX-bp dp-I-fmbn
kzoI-cn-p Fp]d--Xns ASnm-\-sa-m-Wv? Atm \_ntNmZn-p: {Kn\v hncp--ambn ]WvUnX]ptcm-ln-Xam \njn-amp-Xv \njn-am-bpw, A\phZ\obam-p-Xp A\p-h-Z-\o-b-ambpw \n AwKo-I-cn-m-dnt? Atlw ]dp: AsX, As\ sNm-dp-v. Atm \_n]d-p: icn, AXp Xs-bmWv
152
JpB\ns Bmhv
Ahsc Cem-lm-epw Ahv C_m-Zv sN-epw. {kjvSm-hn \np {Kns ]n_-ea

- n-msX a\p-jy-Po-hn-X
- n ]mSp-Xnsbpw ]mSn-m-X
- nsbpw
]cn-[n-I \n-bn-p--h bYm-n {km-hns m\v Ahscs
{]Xn-jvTn-p-I-bmWv sNp--Xv. A-c-mv \nb-\nm-Wm-h-Imiw AwKo-Icn-p-sIm-Sp-p-Xv ê-n Ahsc DS-abmbn AwKo-I-cn--em-sWWv CXn
\npw hy-am-hpw. ^mnl: 7, amCZ: 61-62, AAvdm^v: 54-55 kq--fpsS
Jp-B sImv hyn Pohn-X-nepw IpSpw_ Pohn-X-nepw kaql PohnX-nepw hn[nIn-m--h Xs-bmWv Im^n-dp-Ifpw A{I-an-Ifpw sXm-SnIfp-sav bYm-{Iaw amCZ: 44-, 45, 47 kq--fn ]d-n-p-s-n AsXmpw
Ku\n-msX, ]WvUnX ]ptcm-ln-Xam-scbpw kwL-S\m t\Xm--sfbpw Aambn A\p-I-cn-p-Xv Cv temI-s-hn-sSbpw Ghpw ap]nbn-ep-Xv Cu
kq-sfmw ]cm-bWw sNp apkvenw-I-fm-sWv ImWm km[n-pw. a\pjy-]n-im-Np--fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb Ahsc, A-Avdm^v: 176 D]-{Z-hn-mepw
Cs-nepw amw hcm \mb-tbmSv D]-anncn-p-p. bYm m\-an-msX(JpB-\ns Bi-bw) ]WvUnXscv Al--cn-p AhmWv CXc aX--cnse
]WvUnX ]ptcm-ln-Xam-sc-m Ghpw IqSp-X Al-bpw [mjvSyhpap
sXpw Jp-B DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iambn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--hv ImWmw.
A`n-\h Jmdq-\pIfpw lmam-\pIfpw ^n-Hu\pIfpsamw Cv, ^pJm: 18epw
^Xvlv: 12epw sI-P-\-Xsbv hnti-jn-n Cu -P-\-X-bn Xs-bm-Wp--sXv
Jp-B Xpemkv(l-ZoZv: 25) Bbn D]-tbm-KsSp-p--hv ImWm-hp--Xm-Wv.
Cemln\v _-Jd: 133 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. amCZ: 60, 82, A-Bw: 91, AAvdm^v:
146147 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.32.
Ah X-fpsS hmb-sImv Am-lp-hns {]Im-is DuXn-s-Spm-\m-Wv Dt-inp--Xv. Fm Amlp Ahs {]Imiw ]qnbm-msX ]nhm-pI-bn XsAXp kXy-\n-tj-[n-Iv F{X
Atcm-N-I-am-bn-cp-mepw icn.
Az-^v: 8mw kq-hpw CtX Bibnep-XmWv. Am-lp-hns {]Imiw

sImp-t-in-p-Xp Jp-B-\n Bi-bam-Wv. An-km-Av: 174175 s hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I. hnizm-kn-I Alvcow: 8mw kq-{]-Im-cw, R-fpsS \mYm,
Rv R-fpsS {]Imiw ]qn-bmn Xtc-W-ta, Rp \o s]mdpp
Xcn-Ibpw sNt-W-ta, \nbw \o Fm-Im-cy-n\pw Ign-hp--h-\tm Fp
Ftmgpw {]mn-p--h-cpw, Jp-B\ns Bi-b-hp-ambn Ftmgpw _-s-Sp-h-cp-am-bn-cn-pw. Acw hnizm-kn-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv Amlp Ahs {]Imiw
]qn-bm-p-I. Ben-Cw-dm: 133136 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.- lZo-Zv: 12- hnizmkn-Isfpdnv Amlp ]d-bpp: hn[n-Zn-hkw hnizm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jamcptSbpw
kv{XoIfptSbpw {]Imiw apnepw he-Xp-`m-K
- p-ambn HmSn-sm-n-cn-p-Xv \n\v
Au_ (9)
153
ImWmw. \np ktm-j-hm Xmgv`mK--fn-eqsS Acp-hn-I Hgp-Insm-n-cn-p kzK-q-tm-p-I-fm-Wv, AXp-X-s-bmWv al-mb hnPbw. 13, At-Zn\w I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv
tNmZn-p--XmWv: R-sf-sbmv Imp-\np-I, R \n-fpsS {]Im-isamv kzoI-cn-tm-s. Ah-tcmSv ]d-bsSpw: \n ]nn-tev t]mhp-I, AhnsS
{]Imiw At\z-jn-p-I. Atm Ahn-S-bnsemcp Npa cq]-s-Sp--Xm-Wv.
AXns AI-t-p hmXn Imcp-Wy-n-t-Xpw ]pd-t-p hmXn inbp-tS-Xp-am-bn-cn-pw Fpw, 14-, Atm ap\m-^n-Jp-I B adv ]nn
\npw hnfnv tNmZn-p--XmWv: R Zp\n-bm-hn \ntfmsSm-am-bn-cp-nt?
hnizm-kn-I adp-]Sn \Ipw: AsX; Fm \n \n-sf-s ^nXv\-bn
AI-s-Spn. Imn-cp-v Im-Wm-sav {]Xo-n-n-cp--h-cpw kwi-bm-ep--fp-ambn
Imew Ign-pIqn. \n-fpsS hymtam-l- \nsf h\bn AIs-Sp-n,
Am-lp-hns I]\ hcp--Xp-hsc B alm-h--I \nsf hn-p Fpw
15-, Ct-Zn\w \n-fn \ntm Im^n-dp-I-fn\ntm bmsXmcp {]mb-n-hpw
kzoI-cn-p--X-. \n-fpsS ktXw \c-I-am-Ip-p. AXs{X \n-fpsS _p,
\n-fpsS aS-ew hfsc tamiw Xs Fpw ]d-n-p-v. An-km-Av: 140
t\mp-I.
R \n\-p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-cpw, AXn\v \ntmSv am{Xw
klmbw tXSp-Ibpw sNpp Fv ^mnl: 4 ]mcm-bWw sNp-tm Rsf
\o \ns \njvI-f--cmb ASn-a-I-fn Ds-Spt-W-ta, Bbn-c-nsem-m-tWta FmWv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS lrZ-b-n-ep-m-tI--Xv.
33.
Ah Xs-bmWv Ahs ZqXs\ kamKhpw bYmZo\pw

sImb-Xv. B Zo\ns\ asm Zo\pI-tf-mfpw AXn-P-bn-n-p-Xn\pthnapivcnpIv AsX{X shdp-pImcy-am-sWnepw
icn.
Az-^v: 9Dw CtX Bi-b-n-ep kq-am-Wv. ^Xvlv: 28 Am-lp ]d-bpp: Ah Xs-bmWv Ahs ZqXs\ kamKhpw Jp-B bYmZo\pw
C-kvemw sImb-Xv. B Zo\ns\ asm Zo\pI-tf-mfpw AXn-P-bn-n-p-Xn\pthn. kmn-bm-bnv AmlpXs Ghpw aXn-bm-b-h. Amlp samw
krjvSn-Iv Xr]-vXn-s PohnXhyh--bmb "-Ckvemw' Fm kkzw Amlp-hn\p kan-pI Fm-Wv. B Zo asm PohnXhyh--sb-mfpw \oXnbnepw \ymb-nepw {]Xm-]-n-ep-samw AXn-P-bn-t--Xm-Wv. B Zo AwKo-Icn--h Amlp-hns kwL-amb hnizm-kn-I am{X-am-Wv. Ah `qan-bn FhnsSbpw Xe-bp-bn-smv \S-p-hcm-Wv(apIv: 22 t\mp-I). Jp-B Innbnv `qan-bn Fhn-sSbpw Xe-bp-bn-smv \S-m ss[cy-an-msX-h-cp-Xv
Ah B Zo\n\nv ]pd-p-t]m-bXpsImm-Wv. Ah \msf \c-I-ntev
apJwIpn hen-n-g--s-Sp-hcpw- kamK-n\nv Ghpw ]ng-p-t]m-b-h-
154
JpB\ns Bmhv
cpam-sWv ^pJm: 34 ]d-n-pv. An-km-Av: 48, 82, Xu_: 13, 29 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.Cv apivcnp-I Bcm-sWv _Jd: 137, 174-176, ABw: 158-159 hni-Zo-Ic-W-n t\mp-I. Fm \a-kvIm-c-ti-jhpw \_n Cs\ {]mn-m-dp-mbn-cpp: Am-lp-h-msX asmcp Cem-lp-an-, Rsf Ah-\p-thn am{Xw
Pohn-p--h-cm-t-Wta. AXv kXy-\n-tj-[n-Iv As-n apivcnp-Iv
F{X Atcm-N-I-am-bn-cp-m-epw icn.
34.
Hm hnizm-kn-It- f, \n-bw ]WvUnX ]ptcm-lX

- am-cn A[n-It- ]cpw
P\fpsS [\w Ahn-ln-X-ambn Xnp-I-bpw, Ahsc Am-lp-hns
amK-nJp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv XS-bp-Ibpw sNp--XmWv. kzhpw shnbpw Am-lp-hns amKn sNe-h-gn-msX
Ipp-Iqn X-cnpshp-h-cp-tm, Atm Ahv thZ-\mP-\-I-amb in-sImv ktmjhm Adn-bn-p-I.
kzw m\w \ne-\nm\pw Imcy-kn-n-p-ambn P\-sf ZpamK-n

Xf-n-Sp, Am-lp-hns i{Xp-fmb a\p-jy-n-im-Np--fm-Wv kq-n ]d
]WvUnX]ptcm-ln-Xam. Jp-B\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-Iv hncp--ambn ^Xvh
\Ip-I, t\-h-gn-]m-Sp-I t]msebp A\n-kvem-anI BNm-c- P\--fpsSta sIns- h v AXn- e qsS hbdp\nd- pI, P\- - f psS P\\ acW- f pw
hnhmlmtLmj-fpw ap kpJZpxJ k`-fpw X-fpsS hbdp \nd-m-\p
k`-am-p-I, ad Imcy- {]h-Nn-m-\p Ign-hp-sv km[m-cW P\sf hniz-kn-n-p Xc-n-ep PmV-I ImWnpI, Poh-\p--hsc ap-dnbnv \Imthn Ah-X-cn-n-n-p Jp-B acn--hsc HmXn-tnpI,
Jp-B kq- ]m{X--fnepw XInSp-I-fnepw Fgp-Xn-sm-Sp-p-I, \qep-I-fn
sIp-Ifnv hnp-I, alm-m--fpsS Pmd--fn-tev Bfp-Isf Iqm-\p I-{]N-c-W- \S-p-I, kv{Xo[-\-ns Io-j]-n-smv \nmlv \S-n-smSp-p-I XpS-nb ss]im-NnI {]h-\-fmWv Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb
]WvUnX ]ptcm-lnXamcpsS sXmgn-. AXp-hgn Ah X-fp-sSbpw IpSpw-_mwK--fp-sSbpw hb-dp--I-fn Xo \nd-p-I-bmWv sNp--Xv. bYm-n A_q-Pmlvens ]nKm-an-I-fmbn Pohn-p-Ibpw \_n-bpsS ]nKm-anI-fm-b Xam-cmsWv Zpc-`n-am-\n-p-Ibpw sNphcpw Cu KW-ns]Sp--hX-s. Jp-B\ns Bibw apd-sI-n-Sn--Wsa-v ]dv Bsc-nepw cwK-p-h-m, ]mWvUnXy-ns lpv {]-I-Sn-nv kXy-amKn \nv P\-sf h-hn-t[-\bpw XSbmthn I-sIn Cd-nncn-p C-cw ]WvUnX ]ptcm-ln-Xam XfpsS m\- a m- \ - kwc- n- m kXy- n- s \- X n- c mbn F{X\oN- a mb
IpX{\S-m\pw aSn-p-I-bn-. ABw: 36, 123-124 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I
a\p-jysc hnfn-n-mWv Cu kqw A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNbvXncp--sX-n
CXv Fm aX--fn-ep-ap ]WvUnX ]ptcm-ln-Xampw _m[-I-amIpam-bn-cp-p.
Au_ (9)
155
Fm hnizm-kn-Isf hnfn-mWv Amlp Imcyw ]d-bp--sX--Xn-\m apkvenwI-fn-ep ]WvUnX ]ptcm-ln-Xam-cpsS {]tXyI kz`m-hw am{X-amWnsXp a\n-em-mw. Cu kqw ]cm-bWw sNp--h ]WvUnX]ptcm-ln-Xam-cpsS
Nqj-W-v Cc-bm-Ip-ps-n Ah hnizm-kn-I-fm-hp-I-bn. BcmWv
Im^ndpw A{I-an-bp-sav _Jd: 254s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n t\mp-I. - km[m-cW
a\p-jysc \c-I-n-tep ]nSn-p-h-enpsImp-t]m-Ip, ey-t_m[w \jvSs
Ccw ap\m-^n-Jp-Isf Amlp h[n-n-p-sv ap\m-^n-Jq: 4epw, Ah hnNmc-W-bn-msX \c-I-n-tept]mIp-sav Ankm-Av: 145epw ]d-n-p-v.
km[m-cW a\p-jysc Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\npw XS-bp Ccw
]WvUnX]ptcm-ln-Xam-cpw, Ah-cpsS PmVI Iv Ahsc ]WvUn-Xam-cmbn
kzoI-cn {]-b(]-t-{n-b- D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m-)hcpw \msf ]c-temI-p-shv ]c-kv]cw Xn-p cwKw _Jd: 166-167 hnh-cn-p-p-v. (BenCw-dm: 21 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I). epJvam: 7, \psS kq- Ah-sta hni-Zo-I-cn--s-m sNhn-bn AS-phw tIm--hs\tmse
Ah ]nn-cnv t]mIp-p. Atm Ahs\ thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb insImv
ktm-j-hm-b-dn-bn-pI Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Pmkn-b: 8, Cin-Jm-Jv: 24 kq Ah-km-\n-p-Xpw, Atm Ahsc thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb insImv ktmj-hm Adn-bn-pI F Bi-b-n-em-Wv. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf thZ-\m-P-\-Iamb in-bp-sv ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-pI F Bi-b-n-ep-Xm-Wv
An-km-Av: 138mw kqw. _Jd: 175, amCZ: 60-, 63, Xu_: 3 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
35.
Hcp Zn\-n Ah X-cnpsh kzhpw shnbpw \c-Im-nbn Npp-]-gp-n-p-Ibpw, AXp-sImv Ah-cpsS s\n-Ifpw ]mizfpw apXp-Ip-Ifpw s]mnpIbpw, CXmIpp \n \npthn Hcp-n-sh-ncp \n[n, Atm \n X-cn-p-sh-n-cp
B k-ns cpNn \n Bkz-Zn-p-sIm-p-I-sbp ]d-b-s-SpIbpw sNp--Xm-Wv.
Amlp \Inb Fm A\p-{K-l-sfpdnpw hn[n-Zn-hkw tNmZn--s-Sp-Xv XsbmWv. A--Im-kp: 8 t\mpI. kzKn krjvSn a\p-jysc `qanbn-tev \ntbm-Kn-n-p--Xns eyw Ah\p \In-bn-p Bbp-v, Adn-hv,
kv XpS-n-b-h-bn Ahs\ ]co-n-m-\m-Wv. A^m: 28 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I. kp X-cn-p-sh-p--Xn\pw ]nipv ImWn-p-Xn\pw I]np-Xv ]nim-Nm-Wv. Amlp \Inb A\p-{K-l- {]Zin-n-m--h Im^ndm-sW-pw, Ahp \ny-amb in Hcp-n-sh-n-p-spw An-km-Av: 3738epw,
[qmbn sNe-h-gn-p--h ]nim-Nns ktlm-Z-cam-cm-sWv Ckvdm-Av: 27epw
]d-n-p-v. k-n\v, Am-lp-hns hnln-X-hpw Zcn-{Zs Ah-Im-i-hp-amb
156
JpB\ns Bmhv
kImv sImSp-mXncp-m-ep `hn-jy-mWv Cu kq-n ]cm-ain-p-Xv. kz-w 85 {Kman IqSp-X-ep-s-n, As-n AXns hnev kam-\-amb
Idkn t\mpIfp-s-n AXns cc iX-am\w kImmbn \I-W-samWv \n_--\. Imjn-I hnfIv kImv 10 iX-am-\-hpw, tXhn \\--XmsW-n 5 iX-am-\-hp-am-Wv. A-Bw: 141 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Fm Cv
B`-c-W-ambn kzw X-cn-p-I-bm-sW-n AXn\v ]cn-[n-bn-spw \qdpw Ccpqdpsamw ]h BIm-sa-pw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb t\Xm-am km[m-c-Wmv ^Xvh \Im-dp-v. Fm Cu ^Xvh \Ip I]-S-hn-izmknI
hnNmcW IqSmsX \c-I-n t]mIp--h-cpw, Cu ^Xvh kzoI-cnv Am-lp-hns
{]hm-N-Is\ [n-cn-p-sImv B`-c-W- AWnv ChnsS Pmln-enm Aemchpw s]m-hpw shfn-s-Sp-n Pohn-p--h hnNm-c-Wptijw \c-Intev sXfn--s-Sp--Xpam-Wv.
kv{XoIsfbmWv Ckvdm-AvanAvdmPv cm{Xn-bn \c-I-n A[nIw IssXv \_n ]d-Xn\v Hcp ImcWw CXm-Wv. {]nb-Xas- In-S--d-bn am{Xta
Na-sm-cpn `wKn {]I-Sn-nmhq F A-q: 31, Alvkm-_v: 33-34 kq-fpsS I-\-I-sfmw Ah-K-Wn-p-sImv ]pd-p-t]m-Ip-tmgpw s]mXp kZ-p-Ifnepw hnhm-l-th-f-Ifn ]s-Sp-p-tm-gpw apamWv Ah B`-c-W--sfmw sIn-a-bp--Xv, CXn-s\mw ImcWw AAv-dm^v: 26 ]d Jp-B\ns Bi-bamb "kqvaXm hkv{Xw' Cm--Xm-Wv. Cv ]e-N-cv IS-I-tf-m kz-S-I hn-n-pv. `-W-n\p ]Ww sNe-h-gn-p--Xn-t\-m B`m-S-n\pw
tcmK NnIn-pw ]Ww sNe-h-gn-p-Xv Ghpw IqSp-X apkvenw-I-fm-sWv
ImWmw. AXn\p-Im-cWw tcmK-i-a-\hpw ImcpWy-hp-amb Jp-B\ns Bibw
D]tbmKs-Sp-p hnizm-kn-IfmIm-sX, Ah B Jp-Bs\ aqSn-sh-p A{Ian-Ifmb-Xp-sIm-m-Wv. _Jd: 85, Ckvdm-Av: 82, k-PZ: 22, ^pkzn-e-v: 44, bq\p-kv:
57 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Cv temI-s-hn-sSbpw [q-Snp PohnXw \bnp-Xv IqSp-Xepw apkvenw-I-fm-sWv ImWmw. Fm Ah-cn-ep ap\m-^n-JpIfmb ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw Jp-Bs\ Pohn-n-p Imcy-n ssI Np-cpp ]nip-am-cmsWv Xu_: 67 ]d-n-p-v. Ah \cIw sImv
hmKvZw sN-s--h-cm-sWv Xu_: 68-epw, Ah Jp-Bt\mSv amen\yw
IWs shdpv {]I-Sn-n-p-sav Xu_: 125epw ]d-n-p-v. Acw [nm-cnI-fmb P\-Xsb Amlp kamK-n-tev \bn-p-I-bn-s-pw, Ahp \_nb-, BcpXs s]mdp--ens\ tXSn-bmepw, Fgp-]Xv hw s]mdp--ens\ tXSnbmepw Amlp s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ib
- n-sv Xu_: 80epw ]d-n-p-.v ABw:
25-26, AAv-dm^v: 175, A^m: 22hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Ch-cn Nne kzWnsbpw shn-bpsSbpw Iqm-c-v kmv
sImSp-m aXn, IS-emkv t\mp-Iv kmv sImSp-t--Xn-, ImcWw
AXv Npv ]gp-n-ptm sho-dm-bn-ocpatm Fv {]N-cn-n-p--h-cmbpapv.
Ccw I]-Sam-c-mWv \c-I-n ]n, ]n Fo cq]-n ]p\P-ohn-n-
Au_ (9)
157
sSpIsb-v amCZ: 60s hni-Zo-I-cWn hmbn-p-I.

36.
\nbw Amlp-hns ]ep {K-n, BIm-i-fpw `qanbpw

krjvSn\m sXmv amk--fpsS Fw ]{mIp-p. AXn
\mepamkw bpw \njn--am--s--h-bm-Wv. AXmIpp icn-bmb
Zo. AXn-\m \n Cu \mep amk-fn \ntfmSpXs
A{Iaw sNm-Xn-cn-p-hn. Fm apivcnp-I GXp-hn[w H-smbn \nv \n-tfmSv bpw sNp-pthm, AtX-{]-Imcw \nfpw
H-s-mbn \nv Ah-tcmSv bpw sNp-hn. \n Adn-bp-Ibpw
sNp- I , \nbw Amlp Ahs\ lrZ- b - n kqn- p
àm-cpsS IqsSs-bm-Ip-p.
_Jd: 189 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Znh-ktam amktam temI-s-hn-sSbpw

amdp-n--, AsXmw BIm-i-`q-an-I krjvSnp-Xn\papv Xs \n-bn--v {Kn tcJ-s-Sp-n-sh-n-p--XmWv. _Jd: 2 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. AXn
\mepamkw bpw \njn--amb amk--fm-Wv. ZpJA-Zv, Zplv, apldw Fo
XpS-bmbn hcp aqp-am-k- ln-\p-th-n-bpw, dP_v Dwd-p-th-nbpw
bpw \njn--am-nb amk--fmbn C_vdmlow, Ckvam-Cu \_n-am-cpsS Imew
apXv Xs ]cn-KWnp hcp--Xm-Wv. Atm \n \n-tfmSv Xs B
amk--fn A{Iaw ImWn--cp-sXp ]d--Xns hnh-, GsXmw \-I
ap\nn-bmtWm {]kvXpX amkfn bpw \njn--am-n-b-Xv, B \-Isfmpw ]mgm-m-Xn-cn-p-Isb-m-Wv. BZ-c-Wob amk--fn apivcnp-I bpn\v apXn-cp-I-bm-sW-n \nfpw Xncn--Sn-p-I. Ah Hn-p-\np \n-tfmSv
bpw sNp--Xp-t]mse, \n Ah-scbpw H-s-mbn t\cn-Sp-I. _Jd: 194
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I. Fm Cv bp-an-, adnv Jp-BsImv AXv aqSnsh-p--h-tcmSv A[n-I-cn PnlmZv am{X-am-Wp--sXv Xu_: 73-epw, ^pJm:
52epw ]d-n-p-v.
37.
"-\koAv' kXy-\n-tj-[-n Hcp h-\hv am{X-am-Ip-p, AXp-aqew

Cu \ntj-[n-I IqSp-X hgn-sX-n--s-Sp-p. Ah Nne hj-fn Hcp amk-ns\ bpw A\p-h-Zn--s--Xm-pp, ap Nne hj-fn AtXamkns\ bpw \njn-a
- m-s
- -X
- p-am-p-pAmlp
bpw \njn--am-nb amk--fpsS F-hp-ambn tbmPn-m thn.
Atm Ah Amlp \ntcm-[n-X
- ns\ A\p-hZ
- \
- o-ba
- m-p-p. AhcpsS Cu ZpjvsNbvXn-I Ahv Ae-m-c-am--s-n-cn-p-p.
Ccw kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xsb Amlp kamKntev \bnpIbn Xs.
bpw \njn--amb amk- amn-a-dn-p--Xn-\mWv "\ko-Av' Fp-]-d-bpXv. bpw, Ih, h[w Fn-hp {]Xn-Imcw sNp-Xn\pthn bpw
\njnamb GsX-nepsamcp amkn bpw A\p-h-Zn-\obamp-I-bpw, ]Icw
158
JpB\ns Bmhv
bpw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amb amks \njn--ambn \n-bn-p-Ibpw AXphgn bpw

\njn--am--s amk--fpsS Fw ]qo-I-cn-p- coXnbpw, N{hjs
kqcyhj-tmsSm-n-m-\mbn N{-hjnsemcp amkw(J-_o-k) hn-n-pIbpw sNbvXncp-- asmcp coXnbpamWv Pmlnen Imev \S-n-ep-m-bn-cpXv.
N{hj-n lv hyXy-- Imem-h
- b
- n amdn-amdn hcp-Xv Hgn-hm-pXn\v
thnbpw lv Fm hjhpw kpJ-{]-Z-amb Imem-h--bn Bbn-cn-pXn\p
thn-bp-am-bn-cpp As\ sNbvXn-cp--Xv. As\ 33 hj-tmfw lv
AXns bYm amkn\nv hyXy--am-bn-m-bn-cpp Am-ev \S-n-cp-Xv. 34 hj-n-sem-cnam{X-amWv bYm amk-amb Zplv 910 XnXn-I-fn lv \n-ln--s-n-cp--Xv. CXns\pdn-m-bn-cpp l-Xp
hnZmCse {]kw-K-n \_n {]kvXm-hn-Xv.
Cu hjw lvImew Id-n-n-cnp BIm-i-`q-an-I krjvSn AtXIm-e-K-W-\-b-\p-k-cnv, htc bYm Xn-Xn-I-fn Xs hn-cn-p-p. \koCs\ \njn-a
- mn {]Jym-]npsImv Ckvem-ans\ h{Io-Ic
- n-p Ccnep
Fm k{-Zm-b-sfbpw Cu kqw hn^-e-am-nbncn-pp. Npcp-
-- n C{kmCu k-Xn-Isf Ipc-amcpw ]n-I-fp-ambn amm Imc-Wamb HcpIpw Xsbm-bn-cpp Ah-cnepw \S-n-ep-m-bn-cp--Xv. Fm Jp-B e`n-m Hcp
P\-X-bm-bXv sImv \oXn-am\pw Imcp-Wy-hm-\p-amb Amlp Ahsc Cl-n
As\ inn-n-. _Jd: 66, A^m: 19 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. amdn-amdn
hcp Fm Imemh-Ifnepw lpw Dwdbpw \n-ln-pw {hX-a-\p-jvTn-p-samw
kXy-hn-izm-kn-I Fm-bv-tmgpw Fhn-sSbpw Am-lv F t_m[w \ne-\npI-bmWv sNtXv. Jp-B-\ns Bibw AXn\v A\n-hm-cy-L-S-I-hp-am-Wv. _Jd:
Cv Am-lp-hns Zo\ns\ amn-a-dn-p I]-Sam-cmb a\pjynim-Np-
shn-bmgvN Ad^mZn\-ambn hm, lp AIv_-dmbn ]cn-K-Wnv Iqw-Iq-ambn P\- ln ]s-Sp-p-Xv \nb-{n-m Ign-bns hymtP\
Ad^mZn\w i\n-bm-gvN-bn-te-v amp coXn Pmln-enm coXn-tb-m \ntj[w
hn-n-p--XmWv. Fmw krnv \nb-{n-p-Xv Am-lp-hm-sW hnizmkw
\-s-Xn\m-em-Wn-Xv. C-c-m Xu_: 51, bq\p-kv: 61, lqZv: 6, lv: 70, k_Av: 3, lZo-Zv: 22, XKm-_p: 11 XpS-nb kq--fn-sempw hniz-kn-m--hcpw
B kq--sfmw aqSn-sh-p--h-cp-am-Wv. temI apkvenw-I hnhn[ Znh-k-fn s]cp--mfpw- t\mpw A\pjvTn-pI hgn Cu kq-sfsbmw [n-cn-pI-bpw, {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Amlp BIm-i-`q-an-I krjvSn--tm Xs Ahkm-\-\mhsc Ah-bnepw Ah-bvn-S-bnepw \S-p FmImcy-fpw \n-bn-v
Jp-B\n tcJ-s-Sp-nbo-p-s hkvXpX AwKo-I-cn-msX \ntj-[n-I-fm-bnon-cn-p-I-bpamWv. FmImcy--fpw hni-Zo-I-cn-p Jp-B Inn-bnv AXp
aqSn-sh-p \ntj-[n-Isf Amlp kamKn-tev \bn-p-I-bn. Ad-AvZv:
11, Hcp P\X Ah Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-coXn kzbw ampXphsc Amlp Ahsc
Au_ (9)
159
amp-I-bn-sp ]d-n-p-v. Cu P\-X-X-s-bmWv \msf \c-I-n Igp-X,

Ipcv, ]n, ]n, XpSnb Poh-Pm-e-fpsS cq-]n ]p\xkr-jvSn--sSm
hn[n--s--h Fv Jp-B DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iambn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--hv
ChnsS shpXs a\-n-em--m-hpXmWv. Jp-B aqSn-sh-p--h XsbmWv PohnXw \jvS-s--h-scv _Jd: 121, 254, 264, Ben-Cw-dm: 10, amCZ: 67,
A^m: 53 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 234, ABw: 73, 133, 137 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mpI.
38.
Hm, hnizm-kn-I-fmb Iqsc, \ns-p- ]n? Am-lp-hns

amKn Cd-n-n-cn-phn Fv \n-tfmSv ]d-b-s--tm
\n `qan-bn-tev Hn-f
- phtm. \n ]c-temInt\-m
ùXn-I-Po-hnXwsImv Xr]vXn-s-pthm? Atm ùXnIPohnX hn`h- ]c-tem-Is At]-np hfsc Xp-a-m-sX-b-.
hnizm-kn-Isf X_qv bp-n\v ]pd-s-Sm Dt-Pn-n-p-sImp {]`mj-W-w Cu kqw apX Bcw-`n-p-IbmWv. a\p-jysc `qan-bn \ntbm-Kn-n-pXv ]c-tem-I-nse imiz-X-amb PohnXn\p-thn kzKw ]Wn-bp--Xn-\mWv. Cl-temIw ]c-tem-It- -p Irjn-bn-Sa
- m-sWv \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. _Jd:
28,201202, Ben-Cw-dm: 14-15, 185, A-Bw: 164, AAvdm^v: 176 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
Cv bp-an-, adnv Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw-sIm-p PnlmZv am{X-am-Wp--Xv.
AXn-\m hnizm-kn-I Fm IgnhpIfpw ka-b-fpw Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tnm\pw ]Tn-n-m-\p-amWv D]-tbm-Kn-t--Xv. Xu_: 2324 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
39.
\n ]pd-s-Sp-n-s-n \nv thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in

\IpXpw, \nfpsS m\v asmcp P\-Xsb ]Icw sImphcp-Xp-am-Wv. Amlp-hns\mcp t{Zmlhpw sNm \nv km[np-I-bn-, Amlp kI-e-Im-cy-pw Ign-hp k-i--\-tm.
\n {]hn-mte Hcp-Imcyw \Sq Fv \n Icp-X-cp-Xv. ABw:

133, A^m: 17 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Am-lp-hns Zo\ns\ tkhn-m-\p
kphm-h-kcw \nv \In-bXpXs Ahs al-mb A\p-{K-lhpw
Imcp-Wy-hp-am-Ip-p. \n-fpsS Ahn-thIw sImv Cu k`w ]mgm-p ]w
Amlp asm-cp P\-Xsb sImp-h-cn-I-bpw, \nsf `mKy-lo-\cmpIbpw sNpsa-mWv ]d-bp--Xv. An-km-Av: 133, amCZ: 54 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
40.
\n {]hm-N-Is\ klm-bn-p-n-s-n th, kXy-\n-tj-[n-I

At-ls ]pd-m-nb k`-n, \nbw Amlp Atls klm-bn-n-pv. Atlw cn-sem-cm am{X-am-hp-Ib
- pw, Ah
Ccp-hcpw B Kpl-bn Bbn-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-tm, Atlw Xs
Iqp-Im-c-t\mSv: \o hyk-\n-m-Xn-cn-pI, \nbw Amlp \tmsSm-a
- pv Fp-]d
-
k`w. Atm Amlp Ah-\n\np
160
JpB\ns Bmhv
imn At-l-nsta Cd-p-I-bpw, \nv ImWm-\m-hm
Hcp ssk\y-m At-ls _e-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. \ntj[n-If
- psS hN-\s Ah Xmgvn-sI-n, Am-lp-hns hN\w, AXp
Xs-bmWv AXyp--Xw. Amlp AP--\mb bpn--\-tm.
A^m: 30mw kq-{]-Imcw \ntj-[n-I apl-Zv \_nsb a-bnshp

h[n--pI-f-bm Xocp-am-\n--tm c-s-Sp-nb k`w Hman-nv hnizm-knItfmSv Amlp ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv: Fmw Amlp t\cs Xocp-am-\n-pd-npshXmWv \S-p-I. Am-lp-hns Ncyv bmsXmcp am-hp-an-. Atm \n Atls klm-bn-p-I-bm-sW-n AXv \n-fpsS KpW-n\v thn Xs-bm-Wv.
\_n Iqp-Im-c A_q-_-dns\bpw Iqn a-bn\nv ]pdsv hS-p-`m-K-p
aZo-\-bn-te-phgn Dt]-nv sXtm-mWv bm{X sNbvX-Xv. tijw aqpZnhkw
"ku' Kpl-bn Hfn-n-cp-p. c-Zm-ln-I-fmb i{Xp- \_nsb tXSn \mep]mSpw Npn-n-cn-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-p. AXn-\nsS Ah-cnNne \_n Hfn-n-cp KplbpsS Ihm-S-n Fn-s-Sp-I-bpw- Ah Bsc-nepw ]mfn-t\m-n-bm X
Ip-]n-Sn--s-Sp-a-tm-sbv A_q-_- Ie-i-emb `bw {]I-Sn-npIbpw
sNbvXp. Fm \_n-bn `mh-hy-Xym-k-sampw In-. aqm-a-\mbn Amlp
Btcm-sSm--aptm, B kwLspdnv Btem-Nnv \o `b-s-tS-, Zp:Jnt
Fp-]d
- psImv \_n A_q-_
- d
- ns\ kam-[m-\n-n-p-Ib
- m-Wp-m-bX
- v. _Jd:
255, A^m: 78, Xu_: 26 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
41.
\n `mcw Ipd--h-cmtbm `mcw IqSn-b-h-cmtbm ]pd-s-Sp-hn.

\n-fpsS [\wsImpw icocwsImpw Am-lp-hns amK-n
PnlmZv \S-p-hn. AXmIpp \np--aambn-p--Xv-\n-
Adn-hp--h-cm-sW-n.
"`mcw Ipd--htcm IqSn-b-htcm' Fp-]-d-m, ]pd-s-Sm B-m]np

Ign-m CjvS-tm-sS-bm-h-s, {]bm-k-tm-sS-bm-h-s, kpJm-h--bn-em-h-s,
Zp:n-Xn-bn-em-h-s, km[-\-km-a-{Kn-I Ipd-hm-I-s, IqSp-X-em-h-s, ]cn-X-nXn
A\p-Iq-ea
- m-hs
- , {]Xn-Iq-ea
- m-hs
- , i\pw Btcm-Ky-hm-\p-am-Is
- , Ai-\pw Zp_e-\p-am-I-s, henb HkwL-am-bn sImmh-s, As-n sNdnb sNdnb
kwLfm-bn- sIm-m-h-s GXp-\n-e-m-sW-nepw ]pd-s-S \nv \n_-amWv. Am-lp-hns amK-n [\wsImpw icocwsImpw PnlmZv sNpI Fv ]d-m, Am-lphns hN\w Dbn-n-Sn-p--Xn-\pw, bp hnP-bn-\p-w thn k Ign-hp-Ifpw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-I-sb-m-Wv. Az-^v: 10,
hnizm-kn-Itf, \nsf thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-bn\nv c-s-Sp-p Hcp Ih-Sspdnv Rm \nv ]dpXc-s-tbm Fpw, 11, \n Am-lphns\smpw Ahs ZqXs\smpw hniz-kn-p-I-bpw, Am-lp-hn-s amKn \n-fpsS [\wsImpw icocwsImpw PnlmZv sNp-I-bp-amWv AXv,
AXmWv \np--a-am-bn-p--Xv-\n- Adn-hp--h-cm-sW-n Fpw, 12,
Au_ (9)
161
\n-fpsS ]m]- \np s]mdppXcn-I-bpw, \nsf Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS

\Zn-I Hgp-In-sm-n-cn-p kzKq-tm-p-I-fn {]th-in-np--Xp-am-Wv, B
\nXym-\p{Kl kzK-fn \nv ]cn-ip--amb `h-\--fp-ap-v--A-Xm-Ipp
almb hnP-bsapw, 13, asmp \n CjvSs-Sp-Xp Xs-bm-Wv, Amlp-hn \np klm-bhpw, ASp-p-Xs
- -bp hnP-bhpwAXn\m kXyhnizmkn-Isf ip`-hm Adn-bn-p-Ibpw sNpI Fpw ]d-n-p-v. An-km-Av: 7173, A^m: 72-74 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
\n Adn-hp--h-cm-sW-n Fv ]d--Xns hnh-, \n- bYm
PohnX eyw Adn-hp--h-cm-sW-n FmWv. Cv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwLw
Cm--Xn-\m Bbp-[- sImp PnlmZv C. adnv Jp-B-\ns Bibw
sImv AXv aqSn-sh-p-h
- t- cm-Sp PnlmZv am{X-am-Wp-X
- v. An-km-Av: 63, Xu_:
42.
t\w hfsc Ffp-h

- pw bm{X ti-cl
- nXhpw Bbn-cppsh-n Xobmbpw Ah \ns ]n]-pI Xs sNp-am-bn-cp-p. ]t
Ahv Cu hgn-Zqcw hfsc Zp-l-am-bn-cn-p-p. Ah Am-lphn BW-bn-p-sImv ]d-bp-I Xs sNpw: Rv km[y-ambn-cp-pshn, \nbambpw \n-tfm-sSmw R ]pd-s-SpI
Xs sNp-am-bn-cp-p. Ah Ahsc XsbmWv \in-n-p-Xv.
Am-lp-hn-\d
- n-bmw, \nbw Ah Iw ]d-bp-h
- Xs-bm-sWv.
tdmam km{am-Py-tm-SmWv X Gp-ap-m t]mIp--Xv F--Xpw, AXnITn\-amb DjvW-Imev acp-`q-an-bn-eq-sS X_qntep hnZqcbm{X Ahv hfsc
ZpjvI-c-am-bn- A\p-`-h-s-Spsa-Xpw, hfsc {]Xo--tbmsS Imncn-p ]pXp-hc hnf-shSpv ASp-n-cnp-pshXpw Ah-cn bp-n\v ]pd-s-Sm ssha\kyw krn-p. ap\m-^n-Jq: 1mw kqw Ah-km-\n-p--Xpw, Amlp kmyw
hln-p-p, \nbw I]-S-hn-izmknI Ifhp]d-bp--h Xs-bmWv F Bib-n-em-Wv. hnizm-kn-I ]mc-{XnI Pohn-X-n\mWv apK-W\ \IpIsbn,
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I ùXnI Pohn-X-n\mWv ]c-a-{]-m[m\yw sImSp-pI. Alv:
105-109 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. An-km-Av: 66-68 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mp-I. Ah kzs
\in-n-n-cn-pp Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-, kzKhpw \c-Ihpw Ah-c-h Cltem-Iv shpXs ]Wn-tb--Xm-sW Pohn-X-eyw ad-p-sImv ùXn-IPo-hn-X-n\v {]m[m\yw sImSp-p-I-hgn kzs \in-n-n-cn-pp FmWv.
_Jd: 99, 286, Ben-Cw-dm: 138, AnkmAv: 140, Xu_: 23-24 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I. Cv `qan AXns kp-e-\-n \ne-\nm-\p {Xmkmb Jp-B\ns Bibw temI-cn-tev Fn-p--Xn\v thnbp Fm {ia-fpw \S-emWv Ghpw henb PnlmZv. AXn-s-n `qan \in-n--Xn-\p ]m]-`mcw
Jp-B hln-p--h hln-t-n-h-cp-sav ABw: 26s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n
hmbn-p-I.
162
43.
JpB\ns Bmhv
{]hm-N-Itc, Amlp \nssmv hnSpXn sNbvXn-cn-pp. \o
Ahv hnp\nm kXw \In-b-sX-n\v?Ah-cn BcmWv
kXy-hmam-sc-pw, BcmWv Ifhv ]d-bp--h-scpw \n\v shfns-Sp--Xp-h-sc.
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fn Nne Ir{Xn-a-amb {]Xn-_--- D-bnp bp-n

\np Hgnhv \Im \_n-tbmSp Bh-iy-s-n-cp-p. AXv X{hpw Xn-p-am-sW-dn-p-sIm-p Xs, Nqgv-t\z-jn-msX Zbm-io-e-\mb \_n Ahv hnSpXn
\Ip-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-p. AXp icnbmbn-sv DWp-I-bm-Wn-hn-sS. bpn ]sSp-p--Xn \nv Hgnhv \Ip-I-hgn X-fpsS Im]-Sy-n\p ad-bnSm B I]-Samp Ah-kcw e`n-n-cn--bm-Wv. Hgnhv \In-bn-s-nepw Ah
hon NS-n-cp-t-s\, As\ X hnizm-kn-I-fm-sW Ah-cpsS hymPhmZw ad\on ]pd-p-h-cn-Ibpw sNbvtX-s\. Ben-Cw-dm: 166-167, amCZ: 94 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
44.
Am-lp-hns\smpw Ay-Zn-\ssmpw hniz-kn-p hnizmkn-I X-fpsS [\wsImpw icocwsImpw PnlmZv sNmXn-cnm \ntmSv kXw tNmZn-p-I-bn-. Amlp Ahs\ lrZ-bn kqn-p -`-amsc icnpw Adn-bp--h-\p-a-tm.
45.
\nbw, Am-lp-hns\smpw Ay-Zn-\ssmpw hniz-knm--h-cpw, XfpsS lrZbfn kwibw ]pep--hcpw, B

kt-l
- n Xs NmmSn sImn-cn-p-h
- cpw am{X-am-Ipp PnlmZn\nv hnp-\nm \ntmSv kXw tNmZn-p-I.
Aq: 62, \n-b-am-bnpw hnizm-kn-I Jp-B kan-p Amlp-hns\smpw Ahs ZqX-s\smpw hniz-kn--hcpw, At-l-tm-sSmw
Iq-am-bn-p Hcp {]hrn-bn Gs-m At-l-tmSv kXw tNmZn-msX
AXn\nv hnp-t]mIm-h-cp-am-Ip-p. \n-b-am-bnpw \ntmSv kXw tNmZnp--h, Am-lp-hnepw Ahs ZqX-\nepw hniz-kn--h-cm-Ip-p. Atm Ah
\ntmSv Ah-cpsS Nne-Im-cy-p kXw tNmZn-m, Ah-cn\nv \o Dtin-p--hv kXw sImSp-psIm-pI. Ahp-thn \o Am-lp-hn-t\mSp
s]mdp--ens\ tXSp-Ibpw sNp-I, \nbw Amlp Gsd s]mdp-p--h\pw IcpWm-hm-cn-[n-bp-a-tm. CXmWp hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kz`m-h-sa-n I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS
kz`mhw An-km-Av: 140-143 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n t\m-p-I.
Cv Jp-B-\ns Bibn\v k-{]-[m\w \Ip--h am{X-amWv Amlp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmb hnizm-kn-I. Ah AXns Bibw ]Tn-p--Xn\pw
]Tn-n-p--Xn\pw bmsXmcp Hgn-hvI-gnhpw ImWp-I-bn-. AYhm B Jp-B-\ns
Bi-b
-- n \nv AhcpsS ktm km-\-tfm ap ùXn-I-t\--tfm
Ahsc XS-bp-p-sh-n Ah Fmw \jvS-s-p-t]mb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-bn-
Au_ (9)
163
op Fv ap\m-^n-Jq: 9 ]d-n-p-v. Ah _Jd: 147 ]d Ddv

\Ip kXy-amb Jp-B sImv Fm kwi-b-fpw kt-l-fpw \on
X hnizm-kn-I-fm-sWv Ddv hcp-p--h-cp-am-Wv. AAvdm^v: 143, Xu_: 2324
Iqp-hm-bn-p-I. Ben-Cw-dm: 136, amCZ: 54 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
46.
bYm-n Ah ]pd-s-Sm Dt-in-n-cp-s-n Ah AXn-\pthn Hcp-- sNp-am-bn-cp-p. Fm AhcpsS ]pdmSv

Amlp shdpp. AXn-\m Ah Ahsc Be-ky-n XSp-sh-p, Ccn-p--h-tcm-sSmw \nfpw Ccp-psIm-p-Isbv
Ah-tcmSv ]d-b-sSpIbpw sNbvXp.
Pohn-X-eyw CmsX Bm\pw thn Hmm-\n-pI F \bw Ckveman-en-. Atm Bm-X-bn-msX am-scsbnepw t_m[n-n-m thn
GXv {]h--\--fn apgp-Ip-Xpw KpW-n-tesd tZmj-amWv hcp-p-I. Ac-m-cpsS kmao]yw Bm-X-bp hnizm-kn-Isftmepw \ncpkm-l-s-Spp--Xm-bn-cn-pw.
47.
Ah \n-tfm-sSmw ]pd-s-n-cpp-shn, \nXv \mi-a

- msX
Hpw hn-n-p-am-bn-cp-n-. Ah \nn-S-bn Ipgapmp--Xn\pthn HmSn \S-p-am-bn-cp-p\n-fn Ahp sNhnsIm-Sp-p ]ecpw Dp-Xm\pw. Amlp Ccw A{I-an-Isf
icnpw Adn-bp--h-\-tm.
kqw 43-, ImcWw IqSmsX bpap-Wn-bn \nv Hgn-p-\nm

thn kXw tNmZn--hv \_n kXw \In-b-Xns\ Amlp hnainpp. Fm Cu kq-n A-c-m \n-tfm-sSmw ]pd-s-Sm-Xv XsbmWv \nv KpW-{]-Zs
- a-pw, C-cw- A{I-an-Isfpdnv Amlp Xs Ghpw
Adn-hp--h-\m-sWpw ]d-bp-I-hgn Amlp \_nsb kam[m\n-n-p-I-bmWv.
ISp Im]Syanm Fm Im]-Sy-ap bpap-Wn-bnep Nne-sc-qSn
]nn-cn-nm\pw Ah-cpsS Im]Syw hn-n-m\pam-Wv Ccw A{I-an-I-fpsS
kmao]yw CS-h-cp-p-I-sbv I-dn Amlp Ah-sc-smv Xs kXw
tNmZn-nv ]nn-cn-nncp-n-b-XmsWv kmcw. AYhm BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn \Sp Fm-Im-cyfpw Amlp t\cs \n-bnv tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p-X
- msWv
_Jd: 234, 255 kq-f
- psS hni-Zo-Ic
- W
-
- n ]dn-pv. _Jd: 246, A^m:
48. CXn\pappw Cq- Ipg-ap-m-m {ian-n-p-v, \ns ]cm-Pb-s-Sp-m Ah kI-e-hn[ X{-fpw amdn-amdn ]b-n-bn-p--XmWvA-s\ kXyw kmm-XvIr-X-am-hp-Ibpw, Am-lp-hns I\
]pe-cp-Ibpw sNbvXpAXhv F{X shdp-mbncps-nepw icn.
164
JpB\ns Bmhv
"aZo-\-bn CXn\papv Cq- Ipg-ap-m-m {ian-n-pv' Fv]dXns hnh-, Alvkm-_v: 1213 , Alvkm_v bp-tm-S-\p-_-nv I]-Shn-izmkn-Ifpw lrZ-b-n tcmK-ap--hcpw ]d-p-sIm-n-cp-p: Am-lp-hpw
Ahs ZqX\pw h-\-b-msX \tmSv hmKvZw sNbvXn-n-. Ah-cn Hcp-hn`mKw bp-th-f-bn hnfn-p-]-d-p: bkvcn_p-Imtc, \nn-hnsS c-bn-,
\n Xncn-p-t]m-hp-I-sbpw, asmcp hn`mKamhs R-fpsS hoSp-I Ac-nXm-h--bn-emWv Fp-]-dpsImv bp-ap-Jp\nv Hgn-p-am-dm {]hm-N-It\mSp A\p-aXn tNmZn-p-sIm-n-cp-p. Fm Ah-cpsS hoSp-I Ac-n-Xm-h- b n- e m- b n- c p- n- , HmSn- t m- h pI am{X- a m- b n- c pp Ah- c psS eyw Fpw
Alvkm_v: 14, i{Xp- ]e-`m-K-p-\npw IS-p-hv Ah-tcmSv Ipg--ap-mm Bh-iy-s-n-cp-s-n hop-hn-Nmcw IqSmsX Ahc-Xn ]s-Sp-p-am-bncpp Fpw ]d-n-pv. Alv-km_v bp-n h\ ImWn _\q\fo
F PqX tKm{X-msc hnizm-kn-I {]Xn-tcm-[n--tm I]-S-hn-izmknI kzoIcn \S-]Sn liv: 1112 ]d-n-p-v. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifntev \ns {i-Xn-cnnt {]hm-N-I-tc, Ah thZ-ns AlvepIm-cn\np \ntj-[n-I-fmb
X-fpsS ktlm-Z-cam-tcmSp ]d-bp-p: \n \mn\nv ]pdm-s-Sp-Ibm-sW-n R-fpw \n-tfm-sSmw ]pd-s-Spw, \n-fpsS Imcy-n R
am-scbpw A\p-k-cn-p-I-bn-, \n-tfmSp Bsc-nepw bpw sNp-I-bm-sW-n
\nbw \nsf R klm-bn-pIXs sNpw. Amlp kmyw hlnp-p, \nbw Ah \pW ]d-bp--h Xs-bm-Wv. Ah ]pd-m--s-Sp-Ibm-sW-n Ah-tcm-sSmw Ah ]pd-s-Sp-I-bn-. Ah-tcmSp \n bpw sNpI-bm-sW-n Ch Ahsc klm-bn-p-I-bp-an-. C\n Ch Ahsc klm-bnm Xs Ah ]pdwXncnp ]nam-dpI Xs sNpw. ]ns Ah Hcphn[nepw Fhn-sS-\npw klm-bn--s-Sp-I-bp-an-.
Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isfn apPm-Zne: 8 ]d-bpp: cl-ky-kw-`m-jWw
hntcm-[n--s Hcp P\-X-bn-tev \ns {i-Xn-cn-nstbm {]hm-NIm, ]ns
Ah AXn{I-anIfmbnsmv Ah-tcmSv hntcm-[n-XpXs, Ip-I-c-ambpw i{XpXm-]-c-ambpw {]mh-N-Is\ [n-cn-p-sImpw cl-ky-kw-`m-jWw \S-p-I-bpw,
As\ \ns ASp-p-h
- m Amlpt]mepw \ns A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNm
hn[-n A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNp-Ibpw sNpw. cl-ky-ambn \_n-s-Xnsc
C-\-sbms ]d-npw {]hn-npw Amlp FmWv Rsf inn-m-sX-v Ah kz-tmSv Xs tNmZn-p-I-bm-Wv. Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I
_\q apkvX-eJv bp-n\p-th-n-bp bm{X-bn sh-n-\p-thn Ii-]ni
IqSp-Ibpw, {]hm-N-Is ASp--ep--h ]nn-cnv t]mIp-Xphsc Ahpthn \n Hpw sNe-h-gn--cpsXpw, R aZo-\-bn Xncn-s-n-bm
{]Xm-]-ap--h {]Xm-]-an-m--hsc ]pd-m-pIXs sNpsapw Ah ]d-Imcyw ap-\m-^n-Jq-: 78 ]cm-ainn-pv. {]hm-NI]Xv\n Bbnisbpdnpw
k^vhms\pdnpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I aZo-\-bn hn A]-hmZw ]dp ]cp-I-bp-m-bn. Aq: 23, IpwsNm a\-n B{K-ln-pI-t]mepw
Au_ (9)
165
sNm Nmcn-{Xy-h-Xn-I-fm-b, ]Xn-{h-X-I-fmb hnizm-kn-\n-Isfpdnv A]-hm-Zw

]d-bp--hsc Amlp Cl-nepw ]c-nepw i]n-n-p-s-pw, Ahv hn
in-bm-Wp--sXpw ]d-n-p-v. An-km-Av: 61-62, 105-112, amCZ: 4142, 49
kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
49.
Ah-cn Nne Fs \mi-n AIsSp-msX amdn-\np-Xn\v Fs A\p-hZ- n-mepw Fv ]d-bph-cm-bp-v. Adn-n-cn-pI,

AhXs-bmWv \mi-n AI-s-n-cn-p-Xv. \nbw Ccw
\ntj-[n-Isf \cIw hebwsNpIXs sNbvXncnpp.
]e-hn[ HgnhpIgnhpI ]dv bp-n\nv ]nXn-cnv \nm

{ian-n-cp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fn Nne Ah-cpsS _e-lo-\X Xpdv]dbm\pw aSnn-cp-n-. Hcp dntmv A\p-k-cn-v, Pp_v\pssJkv Fsm-cm \_nsb kao]np Rms\mcp kv{Xo Bk\m-Wv, Fs _e-lo-\X Fs Bfp-Iv \mbn
Adn-bmw. kv{XobpsS Imcy-n F\nv Fs \nb-{nm km[y-a-m--Xn\m tdma-m-cn-Ifmb kp-cn-I-fmb kv{XoIsf ImWp-tm ImenS-dn-tm-Ip-sap
Rm `b-s-Sp-p. AXp-sImv Ahn-Spv Fs Ipgn AIsSp-msX
amdn-\np--Xn\v A\p-h-Zn-mepw Fv ]d--Xmbn hn-p-v.
_pdqPv: 1720 Amlp \_n-tbmSv tNmZn-pp: ^n-Hu-\n-sbpw Yaq-Zns
bpw ]m-fspd-np hm \n\v hv Inn-tbm? A, Cu \ntj-[n-Ifpw
(-A-h-sc-tm-se) kXys Xnd-bp--h Xs-bmbncn-p-p. AmlphmIs
Ccw \ntj-[n-I-sf hebw sNp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. Bm-hns tcmKamb Im]-Sy-n AI-s-pI-gn-m ]ns `n- \-Sn-sImtm Bfp-Isf
t_m[n-n-p--Xn\pthn \a-kvImcw, t\mv, Zm\-[-, lv XpS-nb
I- sNp-XpsImtm bmsXmcp {]tbm-P\hpw e`n-p-I-bnsv Xu_:
5354 Xs ]d-n-p-v. ac-W-tmSv IqSn Ccw \ntj-[n-I \c-Iw -{]m-]np--Xp-amWv. Ben-Cw-dm: 10 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Ckm: 3 {]Imcw a\pjy sam-n, \n-{]-I-Sn-n-p imn, \n-sI Im^n Fn-s\ cphn-`m-K-am-Wp-Xv. imn Am-lp-hns kwL-hpw(apPm-Zne: 22) Im^n ]nimNns kwL-hp-amWv(ap-Pm-Zne: 19).
Cv bp-an-. Fm a\p-jys Bm-sh-m-Wv, ico-csam-Wv, ico-cAh-bh--sf-mWv, Ah-bpsS D]-tbm-K-sa-s-m-amWv Fv lrZ-b-ns `mjbn Jp-B-\ns Bibw hni-Zo-I-cnv sImSp-p-tm `n-bpw am\y-Xbpw
{]ISnnp Cp Nne I]Shnizm-kn-I- kZ-n\nv ]pdv t]mbm
AoeamWv ]d-bpsXv ]ndp-]n-dp-p--Xpw ap--hsc Am-lp-hns amKn\nv XS-bm {ian-p-Xpw Jp-B-\ns Bibw auC-f-mbn D]-tbm-Ks- S p- p- - h v a- \ - n- e m- mhp- X m- W v . bYm- n Rm\n- , FtsXmpan, Fs Bmhv DS-a-bmb \nt-XmWv, Fs ico-cm-h-b-h--sfmw
amXm-hnsbpw ]nXm-hnsbpw C{n-b-pn-bn\nv \o hnI-kn-npm-n-b-
166
JpB\ns Bmhv
XmWv Fv a\-m--hm-Nm--Ia-Wm AwKo-I-cn-p--h am{X-am-Wv hnPbw hcnp hnizm-kn-I. _Jd: 19, 99, 112, An-km-Av: 4950,AAvdm^v: 185, A^m:74
50. \n\v h \bpw e`n-m AXhsc ZpxJn-npw, \n\v h
B]pw kw`-hn-p-tm-tgm, \mbn R t\cs Xs RfpsS Imcyw t\mn Fh ]d-bpIbpw, \nK-fn-p sImv ]nncnpt]mhp-Ibpw sNp-w.
Jkkv: 76 I]-S-hn-izm-kn-bmb Jmdq-t\mSv Ahs P\X, \o \nK-fn--cpXv
\nbw Amlp \nKfn-p--hsc CjvS-s-Sp-n Fpw 77- Amlp \n\v
\In-b-Xv sImv \o ]c-tem-I -`-h\w tXSpI, Cl-n \ns hnlnXw \o adp-Ibpw th, \ntmSv Amlp ImWn-Xpt]mse \o P\tfmSpw KpW-Imw
ImWn-p-I. \o `qan-bn \miw hnX-m HmSn-\-S--cpXv, \nbw Amlp \miIm-cn-Isf CjvS-s-Sp-n-m-sbpw ]d-npv. hnhn[ kwL-S-\-I-fmbnncnv
apivcn-p-I-fmbno-hsc "Fm Hmtcm kwLhpw Ah-chcpsS ]-ep--Xn
\nK-fn-p--kn-p--h-cmWv' Fv hnainpsImmWv apAvan\q: 53,Adqw: 32
Fo cv kq-fpw Ah-km-\n-p-Xv. Ben-Cw-dm: 119120, 145-146, 161-162,
168, An-km-Av: 73, 141, A^m: 4951, Xu_: 8 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
51.
Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-I: Amlp Rv FmtWm tcJ-s-Spn-shn-p-Xv AX-msX bmsXmpw Xs Rsf _m[n-p--X.

Ah am{X-am-Ipp R-fpsS bP-am-\. Atm hnizm-kn-I
Am-lp-hn am{Xw `c-tan-p-sIms.
BIm-i-`q-an-I-fnepw Ahbv-n-S-bnepw kw`-hn-p--sXmw Amlp Hcp- {K-n tcJ-s-Spnshn-p-sp lv: 70, lZo-Zv: 22, A-Km-_p: 11, ^mXzn:
11 XpS-nb kq--fn-semw ]d-n-p-v. Fma\p-jycpw Ah-cpsS ItcJ Ah-c-h-cpsS ]ncSnbn hln-p-p-s-pw, Jnbm-a-p\m-fn AsXmcp
{]Im-in-p Xpd ]pkvXI
- a
- mbn Hmtcm-cp-pw Amlp Ducn-sb-Spp \Ipsa-pw, As\ Ct-Zn-hkw \ns hnNm-c-Wv \o Xs aXn-sb-pw Amlp
]d-bp-sap Ckvdm-Av: 13-14 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. kamKhpw ZpamKhpw
Hmtcm-cp-pw \In-bn-p-sv Aw-kv: 710, _e-Zv: 10, Ckm: 3 kq-fn ]d-n-p-v. kzKhpw \cIhpw Ah-c-h Xs ChnsS ]Wn-tb-Xm-Wv.
ZpamK-n-embn \cIw e`n--Xn\v ]nim-Nns\ Ip-s-Sp-n-bnv Imcy-an-sv
C_vdm-low: 22- ]nimNv Xs ]dbp cwKw ap-dn-bnv \Inbnpv. _Jd:
256-257 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. "Amlv' F kvac-W-tbmSpIqSn BIm-i-`q-an-Ifn Fhn-sSbpw \ne-\np-tm Xn hcn-I-bn-sv An-km-Av: 78-79 hni-ZoI-c-W-n hmbn-p-I. X-fpsS \mY-\n `c-tan hnizm-kn-I-fp-sS-ta
]nimNn\v bmsXmcp kzm[o-\-hp-w A[n-Im-chpan-sv Alv: 99 ]d-n-pv. A-Km-_p: 13, Amlp, Ah-\-msX Hcp Cem-lp-an-, Atm hnizm-
Au_ (9)
167
kn-I Am-lp-hn am{Xw `c-tan-psIm-s Fp-]-d-n-pv. _Jd: 255,

Ben-Cw-dm: 122, AAvdm^v: 150, 180 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
52.
Ah-tcmSp tNmZnp-I, R-fpsS Imcy-n cm-semcp \-b

- msX
FmWv \n Imn-cn-pXv? \nfpsS Imcy-n R
Imn- c n- p- - X v , Amlp Ah- \ n \np t\cn- p insImtm,Asn R-fpsS ssII sImtm \nsf innp-sa--XmWv. Atm \n Imn-cn-p-I, \nbw \n-tfmsSmw Rfpw Imn-cn-p--h-cm-Ip-p.
cm-semcp \- Fp]d-m, kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fp-am-bp- bp-n

ckmnw hcnv kzK-n t]mhpI. As-n bp-n hnPbw hcnp-I Fm-Wv. kz^v^v: 12-13 kq--fn AXp hnh-cn-n-p-v. I]-S-hn-izm-knI-tfmSv A\p-hn-t \bw An-km-Av: 88-91 kq--fn hni-Zo-I-cn-n-pv. An-km-Av: 140-141 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Xu_: 73, Avlvcow: 9 kq-fn \_n-sb hnfnv, \ntj-[-n-\p-ta \ntj[w ssIsIm--htcmSpw I]-S-hnizm-kn-It- fmSpw Jp-BsImv A[n-Ic
- n PnlmZv sNm-\pw Ahsc shdp-m\pw,
Ah-cpsS A`bew \cIpWvTamWv, F{X-tam-i-s aS--ew Fpw ]dn-pv. Cv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-an--m--Xn-\m ^mnl: 7mw kq-n
]d "\o tIm]n--h-cp-sSbpw hgn-]n-g--h-cp-sSbpw amK-n-e' Fv ]dbp-tm
a\-n Dm-bn-cn-tXv Cu kq-n ]d "Ip^v^m-dp-I-fptSbpw I]-Shn-izm-kn-If
- ptSbpw amn-e' FmWv. Ah-tcmSv H-sm-v Jp-BsImv
PnlmZv sNm-\mWv In-n-p--Xv. ^pJm: 52 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. _Jd: 191-193,
Ben-Cw-dm: 139140 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
53.
Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-I, \n-fpsS [\w \n kza-\-m-se-tbm, shdptm-Sp-Iq-Sntbm sNe-h-gn-p-sIm-pI. \n-fn\nv AXv kzoI-cn-s-SpX-- \
- nbw \n sXmSnI-fmb Hcp P\-Xb
- m-bXn\m.
_Jd: 186 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. I]-S-hn-izm-knI Xs-bmWv sXmSnI--sfv Xu_: 67epw, sXm-SnIfpsS-ta C\nbh hniz-kn-p-I-bn-s
\ns \mYs hN\w _m[-I-ambn Fp bq\p-kv: 33epw ]d-n-p-v. sXmSnIsf Amlp sImp-I-f-n-p-sv ap\m-^n-Jq: 4epw, Ah Ahscs
ad-p-I-hgn Am-lp-hns\ ad--h-cm-sWv liv: 19epw ]d-n-p-v. Atm
Ah ey-t_m[w \jvS-s, ]nimNv ]np-S-c-s Kmho--fm-sWv AAvdm^v:
175epw, Ahsc Zp\n-bm-hns ]n-tbmSv AAvdm^v: 176epw D]-an-n-p-v. _Jd:
54.
Ah-cpsS Zm\- kzoIcns-Sm-Xv, Ah Am-lp-hn-s\bpw

Ahs ZqX-s\bpw \ntj-[n--XpsImmsX asmp-a-, Ah \akvIm-c-n\p hcp-tm aSp-tm-Spw Ae-k-X-tbmSpw IqSnb-msX hcn-
168
JpB\ns Bmhv
I-bn-m-sb-XpsImpw, Ah Am-lp-hns amKn sNe-h-gnp-Xv shdp-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-msXb FXpsImp-am-Ip-p.
_Jd: 99, An-km-Av: 142-143, AAvdm^v: 89 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw

t\mp-I.Alv: 90, \nbw Amlp \oXn-sImpw Ghpw \XpsImpw
ASp--hv \IsImpw In-p-p. \oN-{]-hnIsfsmpw \njn{]-hnIsfsmpw AXn-{I-a--sf-smpw hntcm-[n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Ah
\nsf D]-tZ-in--p-I-bm-Wv, \n lrZ-bw-sImv Hmn-p--Xn\v thn Fv
]d-n-p-v. Cu kq-n ]d Ghpw \XvsImv Fv ]d--Xns
hnh-, kzbw t{]cnX-\mbn \-I-fn-tev hym]r-X-\m-Ip-I-sb-m-Wv. Atm
Cu kq-ns F Fm kq--fp-sSbpw hn[n-hn-epIf\pk-cnv
{]hn-m-XpsImmWv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fn \nv {]h-\--sfmpw
kzoI-cn-m--Xv. amCZ: 8, Xu_: 33 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
An-km-Av: 78, 87, 122 kq--fn Am-lphpw Ahs ZqX\pw lZokv
Jp-B-\m-sWv ]Tn-n-n-cnt Cv lZokv \_n hN-\-am-sWv \pW ]d-bp-h-cpsS Zm\-[-tfm \a-kvIm-ctam atXv {]hn-Itfm kzoI-cn-p-Ib
- n-m- sbv
Cu kq-ns auC-f-n \nv a\-n-em-m-hp--Xm-Wv. _Jd: 121 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
55. Atm Ah-cpsS kptfm km-\-tfm \ns B-cy-sSp-tXn. \nbw Ah aptJ\ sFln-I-Po-hn-X-n Xs
Ahsc innp-Xn\pthnbpw, kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fmbnsmv
Xs Ah Poh shSn-b-W-sa-p-as{X Amlp Dt-in-p--Xv.
Xu_: 85 kam-\m-i-b-n-ep kq-am-Wv. apPm-Zne: 1719 , Ah-cpsS
k-p-tfm km-\-tfm Am-lp-hn\nv Ahv Hcp-X-c-nepw D]-Imc-s-Sp-I-bn-s-pw, Ah \c-I-ns kl-hm-kn-I-fm-sW-pw, AXn \nXy-hmkn-I-fm-sWpw, Fm-hscbpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p \mfn, Cv Ah \n-tfmSv
BWbnv ]dbp-Xp-t]mse Am-lp-hn-t\mSp BW-bnv ]d-bp--Xm-Wv, Ah
Nne kXy-n-em-sWv IW-p-Iq-p--h-cp-am-Wv. Adn-n-cn-p-I, \nbw Ah
Xs-bmWv Ifhp]d-bp--h, ]nimNv Ahsc ]mn-em-n-bn-cn-p-p. Ah JpB\ns Bi-bssmv Ahsc hnkvacn-n-p. Aq- Xs-bmWv ]nimNns
kwL-m. Adn-n-cn-p-I, ]nimNns kwL-m Xs-bmWv PohnXw \jvSs--h. ap\m-^n-Jq: 111 Iqn-hmbnp-I.
Am-lp-hn BW-bnv ]d-bp--Xns DZm-l-c-W: Jp-B Bi-b-a-dnbmsX HmXn-bmepw ]pWyw e`n-p-sa--Xn\v Rm kmn-bm-sWv Cv P\-tfmSv ]d-bp Ah \msf Am-lp-hn-t\mSv ]d-bp--XmWv: \mYm, Bi-b-w ]Tnt--Xn Fv Rm Ah-tcmSv ]d-n-n--tm, Bibadn-bm-sX Jp-B ]mcmbWw sNp--h hnn\nv Av sXdn-p--Xp-t]mse Zo\n\nv sXdn-p-
Au_ (9)
169
t]m-Ip-sav apl-Zv \_n ]Tn-n-Xv H-b-Snv ]d-m Bfp-I Fs D]tZiw tIn-cn-p-I-bn-tm Fv Icp-Xn-bmWv Rm As\ ]d-n-cp-Xv. An-km-Av: 140, ABw: 68 hni-Zo-I-cWw Iqn-hm-bn-pI. Ah Nne kXy-n-emsWv IW-p-Iq-p--h-cp-am-Wv F-Xns hnh-: A-en-^v--emw-aow Fv \n
Dcn-p-n-, AXnse Hmtcm A-chpw \nv ]v \-I-fmbn tcJ-s-Spn-bn--msX Fv \_n ]Tn-n-n-p--tm, AXp-sImv Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX HmXnbmepw innsSp-I-bn- Fm-Wv. Fm Jp-B ]mcm-bWw sNp
aqv hn`m-K--fn hnizm-knv am{Xta Jp-BsImv KpWw Inp-I-bpq.
Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-msX Jp-B-\ns icocw Xnp ^mPn-dn\pw, Bi-ba-dn-nv ]n]-p-I-tbm, ap--hsc ]Tn-n-p-Itbm sNmsX aqSn-sh-p I]S-hn-izm-kn-pw JpBsImv bmsXmcp KpWhpw Inp-I-bn-sv am{X-a-, Ah
]mcm-bWw sNbvX Jp-B Ahs-Xn-cn kmyw-h-ln-p-Ibpw sNp-sav
\_n ]Tn-n-Xv Ah Iqn-hm-bn-p-I-bn-, Ah, FmWv Jp-B, Fn-\mWv
Jp-B, Fp-sIm-v Jp-B, FmWv Pohn-X-eyw Fsmpw a\-n-emm {ian-m-, Nnn-msmcp P\-X-bpam-Wv. lrZ-b-n tcmK-ap Ccw
I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-Iv Jp-B amen-\y-n-\p-ta amen\yw hn-n-p-sa-pw, Ah
Im^n-dm-bn-smv Poh shSnbp-sapw Xu_: 125- ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 166167,
Ben-Cw-dm: 1012, An-km-Av: 91,145, AAvdm^v: 37, 40, 175-176, 179 kq--fpsS
56.
Ah Am--lp-hns\smv BW-bn-p-smv ]d-bp-p: \nbw

R \n-fns-h Xs-bmsWvvFm Ah Hcn-epw
\n-fns-h-c-. Fm Ah, \nsf `b-sp Ignbp Hcp
P\-Xbm-Ip-p.
aZo-\-bn-ep I]-S-hn-izmkn-I, R \n-tfm-sSmw Xs-bm-sW-pw,

\n Rsf kvt\-ln-Ww FpamWv hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv ]d-n-cp--Xv.
Fm A; \n thdn-smcp -P-\X XsbmWv, ]c-tem-I-n \n thXncn--s-SpI Xs sNpw. CtX \bw Xs-bmWv bYm hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv
Cs I]-Shnizmkn-I-fpw ]nXp-S-cp-Xv Fvv Jp-B DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iambn
D]-tbm-Knphv a\-n-emm-hpXmWv. liv: 13, I]-Shnizmkn-I-sfpdnv Ah- c psS s\p- I - f n Am- l p- h n- t \- m D`- b - a p- - X v hnizm- k n- I sfbmsWpw, AXp \nbw Ah-scmcp ey-t_m-[a
- n-m P\-Xb
- m-bXv sImmsWpw ]d-n-p-v. AAvdm^v: 50-51, Cu \c-I-hm-kn-I-fmb I]-S-hn-izm-knI kzK-hm-kn-I-tfmSv Hcn-p-shw As-n \nv Amlp \In-bnp `-W-hn-`-h--fn \npw A]w \Iptam Fp tNmZn-p-tm, Ah
adp-]Sn ]d-bpw: Ah cpw \ntj-[n-Iv Amlp \njn-a
- m-n-bn-cn-p-p. Ah
sFln-I-Po-hn-X-n X-fpsS Zo\ns\ Ifnbpw Xam-i-bp-ambn sXsc-s-Sp-ncp--h-cpw, ùXnI Pohn-X-m hn-s-h-cpw, \psS kq-sfsmv
Ah hntcm[wshp Xn-p-sIm-n-cp-h-cpambn-cp-p. AXn-\m Ah Cu
170
JpB\ns Bmhv
Zn\s Ip-ap-p--Xns\ ad--Xp-t]mse Ct-Zn\w \mapw Ahsc ad--ncnpp. k-PZ: 14 Iqn-hm-bn-pI. AAvdm^v: 44-45, A^m: 49-51, Xu_: 32 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
57.
h A`-b-m\tfm As-n Kpl-Itfm As-n c-s-Sm\p amKtfm Is-p-I-bm-sW-n, Ah Ahn-tSv t]Snp

HmSn--b-dn ]Xp-n-bn-cnp-am-bncpp.
55mw kq-n ]d-Xvt]mse F-m-e-p-ap I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I- Fmhcpw Xs ]W-mcpw {]mbw sN-h-cp-am-bn-cnpw. Ahv ac-W-tmSpIqSn
\c-I-amWv F-Xn-\m \njv]--hm-\mb Amlp Cl-n Ahv kpw
Bbppsamw {]Zm\w sNbvXn-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. _Jd: 96 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
aZo-\-bn- {ItaW Ckvemans kzm[o\w hn-p-Ibpw P\--fn hensbmcp
hn`mKw XnI Bm-X-tbmsS hnizm-kw kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-tm,
hm-smcp Ducm-p-Sp-n s]-Xv t]mse-bmWv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv A\p-`-hs-Xv. \ntj-[ns ]mf-b-n \ne-bp-d-n-sbphm, X-fpsS t\XrXzhpw m\-am-\-fpw ASn \jvS-s-Sp-t-n-hcpw, kzwIpSpw-_mw-K--
Xsbpw Xs-Xn-sc Xe-s]m-m km[y-X-bp-ap-v. adnv Ckvem-anI
]mX-bn tNcmsa-p-sh-m, Ad_vtemItmSv am{X-a-, Npp-ap P\--tfmSpw
\mSpItfmSpw hsc bp-n\v Cd-n-Xn-cnp-Isb--Xm-Ipw êw. Pohn-X-eyw
ad--h-cm-b Hcp P\-X-bm-b-Xn-\m acWw hcn-mt\m A]-I-S- Xc-Ww
sNmt\m Ah Xm-dm-bn-cp-n-, adnv h A`-b-m\tfm As-n KplItfm As-n c-s-Sm-\p amKtfm Is-p-I-bm-sW-n, Ah AhntSv t]Snp HmSn--b-dn ]Xp-n-bn-cpv c-s-Sm-sa-m-bn-cpp Ah-cpsS hnNmcw.
BenCwdm: 145 t\mp-I.
As I]-S-hn-izmknIsftmses Cs I]-S-hn-izmknIfpw
temI-n GXv {]iv\hpw kzm-XtbmsS-bpw, Ah-k-c-hm-Z-]-c-ambpw am{Xw
t\mnmWp-h-cm-sWv Jp-B DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iambn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-hv a\-n-em-mw. temIv imnbpw kam-[m-\hpw \ne-hn hcp-p--Xn\pw
c-sm-cn-nepw Xo{hhmZ {]h-\-fpw Cm-Xm-p--Xn-\p-ap GI amKw
Jp-B-\ns Bibw P\-sf Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn ]Tn-nv PohnX
eyw D-h-cmnopI am{X-amWv Fncns, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Acw
XymK-n-s\mpw Xm-dm-ImsX F-s\-sbnepw m\am-\-fpw ]Z-hn-Ifpw
\ne-\np--Xn-\mbn _mly-amb hnizmkw {]I-Sn-npsImpw Ncym-]-c-amb
t\mpw \a- k v I m- c - h p- s amw \ne- \ nn- s mpw Hcp Hmf- n- s e- t mWw
Pohnpt]mIpI FXmWv Ah kzoI-cn-n-cn-p \bw. Fm Amlp
As\ Ahsc hnSp-I-bn-m-sbv Xu_: 16-s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I.
An-kmAv: 136-140, amCZ: 49 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
58.
km-ns Imcy-n \ns Ip-s-Sp-p Nnecpw Ah-cnepv.
Au_ (9)
171
AXn\nv hXpw \I-s-m Ah Xr]vX-cm-Ipw. AXn\nv

\I-s-Sm-Xn-cp-mtem, Atm-gXm Ah tIm]n-jvS-cpamIp-p.
kzw, shn, I-h-S--c-p-I, ImjnI D]--, Ip-Im-en-I,
J\n-P- XpSn-b-h-bn\nsmw cciX-am-\w, Ap-i-X-am\w, ]p iXam-\w, Ccp-]Xv iX-am\w Fo hyXy \nc-p-I-fn AXv hkq-em-p-I-bpw
Htc tI{-n tiJ-cnv hyh-m-]n-X-ambn hnX-cWw \S-pIbpw sNp-
k{-Zmbw BZy-ambn aZo-\-bn \ne-hn hcn-I-bm-bn-cpp. cmPy-ns \m\m-`mKp\npw km-v C-\-n hn kv \_nbpsS ASpv Fp-Ibpw,
60mw kqw hnh-cn-p--Xn\\p-k-cnv hnX-cWw sNp-Ibpapmbn. Pohn-Xn BZyambn C{Xb[nIw \mWy-fpw -[m-\y--fpw I Zp\nbm]qP-I-cmb
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I- AXn \nv hXpw Inm AXn-bmbn B{K-ln-p. Fm
hnX-cW-mc\mb \_n X\npw _p-pw km-n\nv bmsXmcp hnlnXhpw ]mSn-sv \n-bn-n-cn-p-p. AXvsImv Atlwhgn A\l-cmb
Hcmpw bmsXmpw e`n-pIbnsv a\-n-em-nb I]-Sh
- n-izmknI, kImv
hnX-c-W-n {Ia-t-Sp-s-pw, AXp hnth-N-\-]-c-am-sWpw apw \_nbpsS
t]cn Btcm-]Ww Dbnp-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. Fm-e-p-ap I]-S-hn-izm-knI X-fpsS [\w sNe-h-gn-msX ap P\--fpsS [\w ssIImcyw sNbvXp
m\-am-\
- \ne-\nm B{K-ln-p-h
- c
- p-am-sWv. Xu_: 67 hmbnpI.
Jp-B-\ns\ sFiz-cy-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-p hnizm-kn-Iv Zmcn{Zyw DmIpIbn-sv \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Ah DXpsImv Xr]vXn-s-Sp-Ibpw IqSp-X
A\p-{K-l-v, al-mb A\p-{K-l-ap-S-b-h-\mb Am-lp-hn-t\mSv am{Xw tNmZnp--h-cp-am-Wv. An-km-Av: 32 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Cs\
{]mn-m \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v.
Hm, sFiz-cy-hm\pw, kzbw kvXpXyl\pw, XpSw Ipdn--h\pw, Ayw Ipdnp--h\pw, Imcp-Wy-hm\pw, kvt\l-hm-\p-amb ]cn-ip--\m-bn-p--h-t\! Rsf
\ns \njn-sfsmv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-smpw, \ns [n-cn-p--Xn-s\smv \ns hgn-s-S sImpw, \ns-X-m am-cp-sSbpw B{ibanm-bvasImpw Rsf \o sFizcyhmam-cm-t-W-ta!. \_n hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv \mev
Imcy- Ftmgpw Am-lp-hn-t\mSv tNmZn-m Bhiys-n-p-v. Am-lpth
Rm \ntmSv \nbw kamKhpw XJvhbpw, D-Xp-sImv Xr]vXn-s-Sp
am\y-Xbpw sFiz-cyhpw tNmZn-pp.
kmv bYm-n [\-ns ipo-I-c-W-`m-K-am-Wv. hnizm-kn-I
Ftmgpw ]cn-ip-hpw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-hp-am-bXv am{Xw kzoI-cn-p--h-cm-bXn-\m
km-n \nv Hpw kzoI-cn-m B{K-ln-p-I-bn. _Jd: 188, amCZ: 100
hni-Zo-I-cWw Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Fm Xu_: 95 amen-\y-am-sWv ]d I]S-hn-izm-kn-I, A\p-h-Z-\o-bhpw \njn-hpw thXn-cn-s-Sp-m-\p Xpem-kmbn
Jp-B-\ns Bibw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m-Xn-\m A[-a-amb GXv t\-fpw
hmcn-p-W-cm AAvdm^v: 169 ]d-Xv t]mse Ah shsImp--h-cm-
172
JpB\ns Bmhv
Wv. P\--nS-bn h \-bpw sNm hnizmkn-I Hcp-s-m, AXn

\pg-p-I-bdn P\--fm sXsc-s-Sp-sSmsX I-n-bpsS saamcpw, {]knU-pamcpw, sk{I-d
- n-am-cp-ambn kzbw m\am\- t\Sp-Ib
- pw, ]noSv B kwcw`w
Xs Ah-cpsS CwKn-X-n-\-\p-k-cnp amn-a-dn-v \mbpw-\-cn-panm coXn-bnemn Xop-I-bmWv Cs I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I- sNp--Xv. CXmIs, As
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS Ncy-sb-m IqSp-X [mjvSyhpw sXm-Sn--hp-amWv. AXpsImv Ccw I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-sf-bmWv Cukm \_n hpIgn-m hnizm-knI-fpsS kwLw h[n-psImv An-km-Av: 91, Xu_: 123, Alvkm_v: 61 kq-fpsS I-\-I \S-n hcpp--Xv. s]cp-m-gn-I-fpsS kz`mhw ImWn-p
Chsc \msf \c-I-n s]cp-m-gn-I-fpsS cq]-n-em-bn-cnpw Hcp-an-p-IqsSpI.
_-Jd: 66, amCZ: 60, AAvdm^v: 175-176 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
59.
\nbw, Am-lphpw Ahs ZqX\pw Ahv \In-b-sX-tm

AXn Xr-]vX-cm-hpIbpw, Rv Amlp aXn, Ah Xs
A\p-{K-l--fn\nv C\nbpw Rv \IpI-X-s-sNpw
Ahs ZqX\pw. \nbw R Am-lp-hn {]Xo-bnph-cm-Ipp, Fp-]-d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cps-n (A-Xm-bn-cpp
Ahp--aw).
Am-lphpw Ahs ZqX\pw Ahv \In-b-sX-tm AXn Xr-]vX-cmhpI Fp-]-d-m, bp-ap-X-en \np \_n Ahp \Ip hnln-X-n
Xr]vX-cm-hpI Fm-Wv. Amlphns A\p-{K-lm Xs-bmWv I-h-S-neq-sSbpw apw kzbw km-ZnpXpw F [mc-W-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn -kzbw]cym-]v-XX
ssIsIm-p-I-bmWv hnizm-kn-p--aw. "Ah Xs A\p-{K-l--fn\nv
C\nbpw Rv \IpI-X-s-sNpwAhs ZqX\pw' Fp-]-d--Xns
hnh-, {]hm-N-I aZo-\-bn h-Xn\v tij-amWv AhnsS imnbpw kam-[m\hpw ]pe-Xpw I-h-S-fpw apw D-Xn-{]m-]n--Xpw. Atm {]hm-N-I-\mWv
bYm-n I]-Sh
- n-izmkn-If
- psSbpw km-n-It- \-
- ns Imc-W
- m-c Fv
hniz-kn-p--h-cm-bn-cpp hnizm-kn-I. Fm I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I B hkvXpX
AwKo-Ic
- n-m-h
- c
- m-bn-cpp. "R Am-lp-hn {]Xo-bn-ph-cm-Ipp'
Fp]d--Xns hnh-, sFln-I-Po-hn-X-nepw AXnse \nmc hn`-h--fnep-a-, Am-lp-hnepw Ahs Imcp-Wym-\p-{K-l-n-ep-amWv Rv Xm]-cyw,
Ahs {]oXn am{Xta R B{K-ln-p-p-q, Ah-\n am{X-amWv Rv
{]Xo-, Ah \Ip--Xn R kwXr-]v-X-cmWv Fn--s\-bmWv hnizmknI-sf-tmse Ahcpw ]d-tb-n-bn-cp--Xv F-m-Wv.
hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Cs\ {]mn-m ]Tn-n-n-pv. Am-lp-th, \nbw
R \ns Xr]vXnbpw kzKhpw \ntmSv tNmZn-pp. \ns tIm]-n
\npw \c-I-n \npw \ntmSv A`bw tXSp-Ibpw sNp-p. An-km-Av: 2933 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Au_ (9)
60.
173
\nbw \n_--Zm\w Zcn-{Zampw, AK-Xn-Ipw, kImv

tPmen-mpw, lrZ-b CW--s-tS--hpw, ASn-a tamN\-n\pw, IS-msc klm-bn-p-X
- n\pw, Am-lp-hns amK-nepw,
hgn-bm-{X-mpw am{X-ap--Xm-Ip-p. CXv Amlphn\np
\n_-- hnlnX-amIpp. Amlpthm, Fm-a-dn-bp bpn-\tm.
1) ^Jo: \nXy-Po-hnX-n\v ]c-k-lmbw Bh-iy-ap BfmWv ^Jo.

imco-cnI sshIeytam hm-Iytam Imc-W-ambn ncw klmbw Bh-iy-ap--hcpw, bmZr-ivNnI Imc-W--fm Xmm-enI klmbw Aln-p--h-cpw, klmbw
e`n-m taen kzw Imen \nm Ign-bp--h-cp-amb Ah-icpw, A\m-YI, hn[-h-I, sXmgn cln-X, AXym-ln-X-n-c-bm-b-h XpS-n-b-hcpw
CXnsSp-p. _Jd: 271272 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
2) ankvIo: \nXy-hr-n Ignpt]m-Im-\p sXmgntem hcp-am-\tam Dsnepw km[m-c-Wb
-- n Ihn-p Hcp sNehv hm AXp ]c-k-lmbw IqSmsX
\n-ln-m Ign-bm--h-cmWp AK-Xn-I. A\ycpsS apn ssI\o-m AhcpsS Bm-`n-am\w A\p-h-Zn-p-I-bn-. hnj-am-h ]pd-tav tXmn-m-Xn-cn-bm Ahsc klm-bn-m Bcpw kzbw aptmphcn-Ibpan. C-c-m-cmb
Zcn-{Zam-scbpw AK-Xn-Isfbpw hnizm-kn-I e-W-smv Xncn--dn-bp-sapw, AhmWv kImv \tI--sXpw _Jd: 273 ]d-n-p-v.
3) kImv tPmen-m: kImv hkq sNp-I, kImv apX kqnp-I, hnX-cWw \S-p-I, dnmUp-I icn-s-Sp-pI Fo-Im-cy-v CkvemanI Kh-sa v \nb-an-p Bfp-I-fmWv kImv tPmen-m. Cu DtZym-Kam Zcn-{Zt\m AK-Xntbm As-nepw kImv apX-en\nv Xs Ahv
thX\w \Imhp--Xm-Wv. ChnsS kImv tPmenm F {]tbm-Khpw CtX
kqdv 103mw kq-nse, "\o Ah-cpsS k-n\nv kImv tiJ-cn-pI'
F hmIyhpw kIm-v tiJ-cWhpw hnX-cWhpw Ckvem-anI cmjv{S-ns
\n_ Npa-X-e-I-fn s]-XmsWv hy-am-pp.
\_n X\npw IpSpw-_-n\pw_\q lminw IpSpw-_-n\v kImv [\w
\njn--am-n-sb hkvXpX ChnsS {]tXyIw {]kvXm-hy-am-Wv. bmsXmcp {]Xn^-ehpw IqSm-sX-bmWv \_n kImv kw`-c-W-hn-X-cW tPmenI \n-lnp
t]m-Xv. Xs IpSpw-_mw-K-pw \_n CXv _m[-I-am-n. \_n-bpsS IpSpw_-n kIm-n\v _m[-I-amb [\w ssIh-i-ap--h kImv \Im _m[y-cm-Wv. Fm Ahcnse Zcn-{Zam, IS-m, bm{X-m, AK-Xn-I apX-emb-hv kImv hmm ]mSp--X-. apX-ens ipo-I-cW {]{In-b-bpsS `mKam-Wv kImv F-Xn-\m AXv Ign-bp-Xpw hmm-Xn-cn-m-\mWv bYm
hnizm-kn-I B{K-ln-t--Xv. Fm I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I AXv F-, GXp
t-amb [\hpw `-Whpw kzoI-cn-p-hcpw, AXn-\p-thn Bn-]qv \S-
174
JpB\ns Bmhv
p--h-cp-am-Wv. AXn-\memWv Ahsc D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amwhcm

\mb-tbmSv AAvdm^v: 176 D]-an-n-p-Xv. A-Avdm^v: 169 t\mp-I.
4) lrZ-b- CWs-tS--h: Ckvem-ans i{Xp-fmsW-nepw [\w
\Inbm i{Xp-X-bpsS ImTn\yw Ipd-bm km[y-X-bp-sv ImWp--]w
Ahpw kIm-n\np \Im-hp-X
- m-Wv. Ckvem-an {]th-in-h
- cpw Fm
km-nI klmbw \In ktm-jn-nn-s-n ap i{Xp-Xbpw kzw Zu_ey-fpw Imc-W-ambn Ahn-izm-kntev Xncn-p-t]m-Ip-sav kwi-bn-p--hcpw
Cu \nb-a-ns hcp-Xnbn s]Sp-p. ncw Ae-hkp-I-tfm, Xmm-enI
kw`-mh-\-Itfm ]mcn-tXm-jn-I-tfm \In C-c-msc Ckvem-ans klm-bnIfpw kl-Im-cn-I-fp-am-mhp-XmWv. Cs\ kIm-n \np \I-s-Sp-h Zcn-{Z-tcm, ]cm-{in-X-tcm, bm{X-mtcm atm BI-W-sa-n-, ]W-mcpw {]amWn-amcpw BsW-nepw kImv apX-en\nv Ahv \Im-hp--Xm-Wv. \_n
-bpsS Imev Cu hn`m-K-nsSp Iptd-t]v kImn\nv \In-bn-cpp. Fm {ItaW Ckvemw kzw Imen \nm-\m-b-tm Cu hn`mKn\v
kImv \Im-Xm-bn. Cv kImv k{-Zmbw Xs temI-s-hn-sSbpw \nehn-en-m--Xn-\m Cu hn`m-K-ns\-, Hcp hn`m-K-n\pw Al-amb kImv
\Ip-n-.
5) ASn-a-tam-N\w: {]Xy--n Cv ASn-a-hyh--bn-s-nepw ASn-a-ItfmSv Dm-bn-cp--Xn-t\-m \oXn-c-ln-X-ambn, sXmgn sNbvX-Xn\p ifw
\evImsX ]Wn-sb-Sp-n-p k{-Zmbw Cv temI-s-m-bnSpw \S-n-ep-v,
{]tXy- I nv K^p- \ m- S p- I - f n. `mcykm- \ - fpam- b p kl- h mkw
]ncnpsImpw Pohn-X-amKw tXSnsmpw adp-\m-Sp-I-fn tPmen At\z-jnp
sN-hv, ]Wn-sb-Sp--Xn\p ifwt]mepw sImSp-msX ASn-a-Itfmfpw
A\oXnnc-bm-Ip--hv kImns ]W-n\nv \In, \mn Fsnepw D]-Po-h-\-amKw tXSm\p klmbw \I-emWv Cv ASn-a-tam-N-\-n\v
kImv]Ww sNe-h-gn-p coXn.
6) IS-_m-[n-X-: IS-w sImv he--hpw, ISw apgp-h hon--gn-m
Xs ] kImpsImSp-t ]cn-[n-bn Ipd [\wam{Xw Ah-ti-jnp IS-_m-[y-pw kImn\nv \Im-hp--Xm-Wv. Ah hcp-am-\-ap-h-tcm, sXmgn-ep--htcm Bh-s. AYhm km[m-cW `mj-bn [\n-Itcm Zcn{Ztcm Bh-s. GXp\nepw kImv [\-n\nv Ahv klmbw \Imhp--Xm-Wv. Fm Ahn-lnXamK--fnepw BUw-_-c--fnepw Zphybw
sNbvXXpaqew kzbw IS-n-em--h-cm-sW-n Acw Ip-fn\nv ]mX-]npXphsc Ahv kImv \Im ]mSn-ImcWw Ah ]nim-Np--fpsS ktlm-Z-cam-cmsWv C-kvdm-Av: 27 ]d-n-p-v.
7) Am-lp-hns amKw: Am-lp-hns amK-sa-m Fm \ {]h\-fpw AXn s]Sp-p. ]qImev bp-fn Bbp-[-, `W ]m\o-
Au_ (9)
175
b- XpS-nb ]mtY-b- Hcp-p--Xn-\p-thn kIm-ns ]Ww sNe-h-gnm-am-bn-cp-p. Fm Cv bptam h[tam C, adnv Jp-B aqSn-sh-p
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfmSv Jp-BsImp PnlmZv am{X-am-Wp-Xv. apIm-e-fn Am-lp-hns\ [mc-mf-ambn kvacn-p ]n \nam-W-n\v ]Ww sNe-h-gnp-Xn\pw, Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-n-pXpw ùXnI hnZym-`ymkw \Ip-Xp-amb m]-\
- f
- p-m-p-X
- n\pw, \S-n-sIm-p-t]m-Ip-X
- n\pw kIm-ns
]Ww D]-tbm-Kn-m-am-bn-cp-p. Fm Cv ]n-I kamKn\nv hyXnN-en-hbpw, B ]n-I aZo-\b
- nse ap\m-^n-Jp-I \nn "akvPnZpfndm' t]mse
P\--v D]-{Z-hhpw, P\--fn `nnpw krjvSn-p--Xn-\p-th-n-bp KqVmtem-N\mtI{--fmbn amdn-bn-cn-p-p. Ccw ]n-Iv kIm-n\nv ]Ww
sNe-h-gn-p-Xv Am-lp-hns amK-n-em-bn-cn-p-I-bn-. aX-hn-Zym-`ymkw Fp]-dp I-imkv{X {K--fpw, "\lvhv' "k^v' {K--fpw, Ad_n `mjm
{K--fp-samw ]Tn-n-p-I-bpw, Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-n-thn[-n
]Tn-n-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-I-bm(B-en-Cw-dm: 10 hnio-Z-I-cWw t\mp-I) Cv
Ccw hnZym-`ymk m]-\-p kIm-n\nv ]Ww \Ip-Xv kzoI-cn-s-Sp--X-.
\mn hKo-b-X-bpw,-kzm-X-bpw, kzP\]-]m-Xn-hpsamw Hgn-hmn
a\p-jy-cpsS sFIyw m]n-m-\pw, a\p-jy Xn-ep c-sm-cn-n Cm-Xmm-\pw, Ih, sIm, _emm-cw, hy`n-Nm-cw, sIme-]m-X-Iw, NqjWw,
tatmbva XpS-nb `qan-sb \in-n-p Xc-n-ep ss]im-NnI hrn-Isfmw Cmbva sNm-\p-ap {kjvSmhns hn[n-hn-e-p-I-fmb Jp-B\ns
Bibw ]Tn-m\pw ]Tn-n-m\pw sNe-h-gn- am{X-amWv Cv Am-lp-hns
amKn-ep GI sNe-h-gn-. Cv "Amlv' Fp t_m[w Xs JpB\ns Bi-b-anm--Xn-\m Cm-Xm-bn-cn-pIbm-Wv. am{X-a Zcn-{Z, ankvIo,
A\m-Y-I, AK-Xn-I, hgn-bm-{X-m, _n-I, Abhm-kn-I, _p-P-\ XpS-nbhtcm-sSmpw \oXn-bnepw \ymb-nepw hn-p-pan-. a\pjy Ahsc kzbw Xncn--dn-bm--Xpw, Pohn-X-eyw Xncn--dn-bm--Xp-amWv CXn\p
Imc-Ww. Atm Ccw D-c-hm-Zn---sfmw \nd-th-ph\mbn a\p-jys\
amn {]]w AXns kp-e-\-n \ne-\nm-\p "Aam-\-v' BWv JpB. A-lvkm-_v: 72 t\mp-I. Atm Cp kImns Cu Fp hIp-p-I-fn
GXp hIp-n-t\-mfpw apK-W\ sImSp-t-Xv Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-I,
]Tn-n-pI FXn\mWv. Am-lp-hns kzKn-tev Xs Xncn-p-t]m-Im\p GI-amKw P\-v ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-m thn k-I-gn-hp-Ifpw D]-tbmKn--em-WXv.
AXmWv \_n "Av \n Jp-B AW--p-]-tbm-Knp ISn-p-]n-Sn-n-cn-W-sa-pw, \nfn Ghpw D-a Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-I-bpw, ]Tnn-p-Ibpw sNp--h-\m-sWpw ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcp-. Fm Cv apkvenwI Bcpw AXn\p Xm-dn-. AXn-\m Ahcnse I]-S-hn-izmkn-I ako-lp--
176
JpB\ns Bmhv
m-ens Bib \Snemp--h-cpw klm-bn-I-fpamsW-n, Ah-cnse km[c-W-m ako-lp--m-ens sIWn-bnsv Ahs kzKw kzoI-cn-p--h-cpambncnpw. "Ahs ]-ep kzKam-hs, bYmn-ep \c-I-hpw, Ahs
]-ep \cIw bYm-n-ep kzK-hp-am-bn-cn-p-sav ' \_n ]Tn-n-n-pv. Cukm\_n hv ako-lp--m-en-s\bpw PqX-t\-Xm-am-scbpw h[n-pIbpw, AtXm-Sp-IqSn ssl-hcpw ss{IkvX-h-cp-samw Ckvemw kzoI-cn-p-I-bpw,
temIw H-`c
- W
-
- n Iogn sImp-hc
- n-Ibpw GIo-Ic
- n-p-X
- pam-Wv. Av hnizmkn-I ako-lp--m-ens\ klm-bn-n-cp I]-S-hn-izmkn-Isf h[n-p-sImv Ankm-Av: 91, Xu_: 123, Alvkm-_v: 61 kq--fpsS I\ \S-n-em-p--Xp-am-Wv.
hnizm-kn-Iv am{Xta ako-lp--m-ens ^nXv\ (]-co--Ww) Dm-bn-cn-p-Ibpq Fv \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. B \mi-n\nv c-s-Sm-\p GI-a-cpv
Jp-B\ns Bibw am{X-am-Wv. hnizm-kn-IXv tcmK-i-a-\hpw Imcp-Wy-hp-amWv. Fm A{I-an-Ipw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ipw AXp amen-\yhpw \jvS-hpamsX hn-n-p-I-bn Fv Xu_: 125, Ckvdm-Av: 82 kq--fn ]d-npv.
8) hgn-bm-{X-m: hgn-aty klmbw Bh-iy-ambnh-cp bm{X-m-c\p kImn \np klmbw \Im-hp-Xm-Wv. Ah kzw \mn k--\m-sWnepw kImv sImSp-p--h-\m-sW-nepw icn. ImcWw bm{X-bn ]Ww
IhsN-s-Sp-I, t]m--Sn-sSp-I, \jvS-s-Sp-I XpS-nb Ah--bn
ISwhmm CuSp\Im km[nm-Xn-cn-p-I-tbm, kmn-I-fn-m-Xn-cn-pItbm
As-n ]Ww Xncnp\Im-\p kml-N-cy-an-m-Xn-cn-p-Itbm sNp Ah-bn kImv apX-en\nv Bh-iy-s-Sp-tm hgn-bm-{X-m-c\v sImSp-
hnizm-kn-bpsS _m[y-X-bmWv.
kImns Cu Fp hIp-p-Ifpw samw a\p-jy-cns]-hm-Wv, AmsX
apkvenw-I-fn \nphv am{X-a-. Ckvemapw apl-Zv \_n-bp-samw samw
a\p-jyp--Xm-Wv. _Jd: 177, 272-, B-en-Cw-dm: 19, AAvdm^v: 157-158 hni-Zo-IcWw t\m-p-I. Fm a\p-jy-cn Amlp i]n, tIm]n, h[n, h[n-m
Bh- i y- s (_- J d: 159- 161, 174- 176, An- k m- A v : 91) I]- S - h n- i zm- k n- I v
kImn\np \Im ]mSn-. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifn\np kImv kzoI-cn-pI-bp-an-sv Xu_: 53-54 ]d-n-p-v. Im-cWw Ah Am-lp-hns\ ad--hcpw Jp-Bs\ aqSn-sh--hcp-am-Wv. _Jd: 99 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
61.
X- f psS kwkmcwsImv {]hm- N - I s\ D]{Zhn- p- - Nnecpw

Ahcnepv. Ah ]d-bpp: Bsc-p-]-d-mepw tIp-smcp
ImXm-Wv Atlw. ]dbpI: Atlw Fmw tIp ImXmbXns
KpWw \nvXs-bmWv. Atlw Am-lp-hns\smpw, kXyhn-izm-kn-I-fnepw hniz-kn-p-p. \n-fn \np hnizm-kn-Ifm-bhv Atlw ImcpWyw Xs-bm-Wv. Am-lp-hns ZqXs\ D]-
Au_ (9)
177
{Zhn-p--h-cp--tm, Ahv thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-bm-Wp--Xv.

\_nsbpdnv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ip Btcm-]Wfn-semv, Bscp
]d-mepw tIp-Ibpw Fm-hpw ]dbm Ah-kcw \Ip-Ibpw sNpp
F-Xm-bn-cp-p. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-IfpsS KqVm-tem-N-\I-sfbpw IpX{sfbpw
A]-hm-Z-{]-N-c-W--sfbpw Ipdnv bYm hnizm-kn-I, \_nsb bYmka-bv
DWnsmncpp. Xsf t]mep am\yampw {]amWnamp-sa-Xnsc
\oXcpw ]Xn-X-cp-amb Bfp-I ]d-bp--sXmw \_n hniz-kn-pIbmtWm Fv
Ah ]ndp-]n-dp-n-cp-p. Atlw Fmw tIp ImXmbXns KpWw
\nv Xs-bmWv Fv ]d--Xns hnh-, Zo\n\pw P\-pw KpW-{]Z- a mb Im- c y- Is- p- - X n\v t hnbmWv \_n Bfp- I ]d- b p- Xv
tIncpXv. AXph-gn Ipg-fpw `n-X-Ifpw hcmsX sFIy-tm-sSbpw kam[m-\-tm-sSbpw Ahsc aptmv \bn-m-\p \bw kzoI-cn-m-\p-am-bn-cp-p
FmWv. \_n Cu kz`m-h-ap Bfm-b-ncp-n-s-n AXp \n-nS-bn ]ckv]cw i{Xp-Xbpw hntZz-jhpw \ne-\np--Xn\v Imc-W-am-Ipam-bn-cp-p. \nfpsS I]-S-amb hnizmkhmZhpw, {]I-S\m-Iamb {]h-\fpw Am-lp-hns
amKn-ep PnlmZn\np c-s-Sm-\p \ymb-hm-Z-fpw kq{Xfpw \_n
am-]qw tIp--Xn\p ]I-cw, AsXmw ASn Xn--f-n-cp-s-n
aZo-\-bnse \n-fpsS PohnXwXs {]bm-k-I-camhpam-bn-cpp. Npcp--n
\_n-bpsS Cu \ kz`mhw \nsf kw_-n-t-S-tmfw KpW-I-c-am-Wv, tZmjIc-a-Xs.
\_n Am-lp-hnepw hnizm-kn-I-fnepw hniz-kn-p--h-\mWv Fp-]-d-Xns hnh-, \_n, tIp--sXmw hniz-kn-p-p F I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS
Btcm-]Ww sXm-sW-m-Wv. hmv Fm-h-cp-tSXpw tIp-sa-nepw bYm
hnizm-kn-I ]d-bp-Xvam{Xta IW-n-se-Sp-p-Ib
- p-qAXv Am-lp-hpambn lrZb-wsImv _s--p tNmZnXn\ptijw am{Xw. \n-fpsS D]-Pm-]sfbpw
IpX-{--sfbpw Ipdnp \_nv hnhcw e`n-Xv kXy-hn-izm-kn-I aptJ-\-bm-Wv,
AXmIs XnIpw hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-hpamWv. samw temI-n\p Imcp-Wy-am-bn-msX apl-Zv \_nsb Ab-n-n-sv An-bm-Av: 107- ]d-n-p-v. Fm
hnizm-kn-Ip am{Xta \_nbpw Jp-B-\p-samw Imcp-Wy-am-hp-I-bp-q. I]-S-hnizm-kn-Iv \_n sIm-cp-Xm--h-\pw, hnUvVnbpw i{Xp-hp-samw Bbn-cn-pw.
Ckvdm-Av: 82, ^pzn-ev: 44 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Am-lp-hns ZqXs\ D]-{Z-hn-p-h Am-lp-hns\s-bmWv D]-{Z-hn-p--Xv. \_n-bpsS Ime-p-m-bn-cp
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS kz`mhw CXm-bn-cp-s-n, Cv Jp-B-\ns Bibw P\v Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn hni-Zo-I-cn-v sImSpp kZ-pIfn
hcp Nne I]Shnizm-kn-I-fpsS s]cp-amcoXnI IqSp-X I]-Shpw aeoak-hpam-sWv Jp-B DIm-gvm-Zm-bI
- ambn D]-tbm-Ks
- -Sp-p-h
- v a\-n-em-m
km[n-pw. Ch-cpsS Ahsbpdnv Amlp \Inb apdn-bnv ABw:
2526 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-pI. _Jd: 152, Ben-Cw-dm: 3132, 74, An-km-
178
JpB\ns Bmhv
Av: 105, 115, 145, ABw: 52, AAvdm^v: 203 hn-i-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
62.
Ah \nsf Xr]vXn-s-Sp-p--Xn-\pthn \n-tfmSv Am-lphns\smv BW-bnSp-p. Fm-tem, Am-lphpw Ahs ZqX\p-am-Ipp Ah Xr]vXn-s-Sp-p-hm Ghpw Al-cm-bn-p-hAh hnizm-kn-I-fm-sW-n.
I]-S-hn-izmkn-I Am-lp-hn BW-bnpsImv, R \nsf Xr]vXns-Sp-psv hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv ]d-n-cp-p. AXn\p adp-]-Sn-bm-bnv Amlp
]d-bp-p, bYm-n Ah hnizm-kn-I-fm-bn-cp-s-n, Am-lp-hn-s\bpw
Ahs ZqX-s\-bp-am-Wv Xr]vXn-s-SpI. AXn-\p-tijw am{X-sa am-scbpw Xr]vXns-Sp-Ibpp(A-n-km-Av: 6365, 8081). hnizm-kn-I kztm \_n-mWv
{]m[m\yw sImSp-p-I Fv Alvkm-_v: 6 ]dnpv. ap\m-^n-Jq: 1
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS kz`mhw hc-p-Im-Wn-psImv Amlp ]d-bpp: Ah \_nbpsS ASp-p-h-m _mly-ambn \o Am-lp-hns {]hm-N-I Xs-bm-sWv
kmy-s-Sp-p--Xm-sW-pw, Am-lp-hn-\-dnbmw \nbw \o Ahs ZqX-\msW-v. Fm \nbw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I \pW-]-d-bp--h Xs-bm-W-v Fv
Amlp kmyw hln-p-p. AXm-bXv Ah lrZbwsImv \ns Am-lphns {]hm-N-I-\mbn AwKo-I-cn-p-n-. Amlp sImp-I-f-, Am-lp-hns\
ad-, Ahs i{Xp--fmb ]nim-Nns kwL-msc(ap-Pm-Zne: 19) Ah kzam-Xm]n-Xm--fm-sWnepw icn, hnizm-kn-I an{X--fmbn kzoI-cn-p-I-bn-(ap-Pm-Zne:
22). Atm am{X-amWv Ah Am-lp-hns kwL-n s]Sp--Xv. An-km-Av:
78-79, 135, amCZ: 55-56, Xu_: 23-24 t\mpI.
63.
Ah Adn-n-nt? \nbw Bsc-nepw Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs

ZqX-s\bpw FXnp-p-sh-n Ah\p \c-Im-n-bp-s-v, Ah
AXn imiz-X-ambn hkn-pw. AXv Xs-bmWv hn \ny-X.
apPm-Zne: 22, Am-lp-hnepw Ay-Zn-\-nepw hnizkn Hcp P\-X-sb,

Am-lp-hn-t\mSpw Ahs ZqX-t\mSpw FXnp--h-tcm-Sv--A-h amXm-]n-Xm--fmsW-nepw a-fm-sW-nepw ktlm-Zco ktlm-Z-cfm-sW-nepw As-n F{X
ASp--h-cm-sW-nepw icnAh-tcmSv kvt\l_w ]pep--hcmbn \o
IspI-bn- Fv ]d-n-p-v. Acw hnizm-kn-IfpsS lrZ-b--fnemWv
hnizmkw tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p--Xv. Am-lp-hn \np Hcp dqln-\m Ahsc
in-s-SppXpw, Xmgv`mK--fn-eqsS \Zn-I Hgp-In-sm-n-cn-p kzKqtm-p-I-fn Ah {]th-in-n--s-Sp--Xpw, AhcXn \nXy-hm-kn-I-fp-am-bn-cnpw. Ahscsmv Am-lp-hpw, Ahs\smv Ahcpw Xr]vXn-s-n-cn-p-p-A-q--cmWv Am-lp-hns kwLw. Adn-n-cn-p-I, \nbw Am-lp-hns
kwLw am{X-amWv hnPbwhcn-p-I. An-km-Av: 115, AAvdm^v: 50-51 t\mp-I.
64.
X-fpsS lrZ-b--fn-ep-Xv hnizm-kn-Iv shfn-sSpp h
Au_ (9)
179
kqd-p-Ifpw Ah-X-cn-t-ptam Fp `b-s-psIm-n-cn-p-I-bmIpp Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I. ]d-bp-I: \n C\nbpw ]cn-lkn-p-sIm-p-I, \n-bw Amlp \n `b-s-SpsXtm AXv
]pdv sImvhcn-I- Xs sNpw.
AAvdm^v: 26 ]d Bm-hns `-Whpw hkv{X-hp-amb Jp-B-\ns
Bibw kz`m-hhpw Ncy-bp-ambn ]n]-p- \_nsb, Alp sImv If,
Bmhv Cm I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I ]qW-ambn AwKo-Ic-- n-n-cp-n-. Fm AhcpsS X\n-\ndw ]pdv sImvhcp kq- Ah-X-cn-p-tm, Fgppw
hmb-\bpw Adn-bm \nc--c-\mb Hcp-hs hmp-I-f CsXv a\m k-XnpIbpw sNbvXncpp. s\p-I-fpsS Ah Adn-bp Amlp, Ah-cpsS Dnep-Xv apgp-h\pw ]pdvsImvhcptam Fv `b-svsImv, \_n-bpsS kao]v hcmsX Hfnpw adpw \S-p-Ibpw hnizm-kn-I-nS-bn sXn-m-c-WI krjvSn-p {]tbm-K- \S-pIbpw sNbvXn-cp-p. Ben-Cw-dm: 7, 29-30,
119-120, Xu_: 124-125 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I. {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Amlphns
kwkm-c-amb Jp-B-\ns Bibw, Amlp Dt-in hn[-n I]-S-hn-izm-knI-fpsS lrZ-b-n-tev Npv]-gp In-sb-tmWw XpfvIb-dp hn[-]dbp kZ-n\v apn hm, X-fpsS X\n-\ndw ]pdv sImv hcp Fsnepw ]d-t-ptam Fv `b-spsImv, ]mpw ]Xp-nbpw tIp
Cs I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS Ah IqSp-X ss]im-Nn-I-am-Wv. An-km-Av:
7879, A^m: 21 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
65.
\n FmWv kwkm-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--sXv Ah-tcm-Sp tNmZnm Ah ]dbpI Xs sNpw, \nbw R Ifnbpw Xamibpw ]dbpI-bm-Ipp. tNmZn-p-I: Am-lp-hn-s\smpw Ahs
kq--sfsmpw Ahs ZqX-s\smpamtWm \n- ]cnlknp-sIm-n-cn-p-Xv?
X_qv bp-Im-ev I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I X-fpsS kZ-p-I-fn \_n-sbbpw

hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw ]cn-l-kn-v kwkm-cn-pI ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-p. AXp-hgn Bmambn bpk-m-l--fn Gs-n-cp hnizm-kn-I-sf ]nn-cn-n--em-bn-cpp
AhcpsS eyw. bp-k-m-l--fn hym]r-X-\mb \_nsbpdnv I]-S-hnizmknI ]dncpp: AXm Abm tdman-sebpw iman-sebpw tIm-I ]nSn-S-m t]mhpI-bmWpt]mepw. Ad-_n-Isf t]mse--sbmWv hin-I-fmb
tdma-m-scbpw Ch Icp-Xn-bn-cn-p--Xv. Ahsc t\cn-Sm t]mIp Cu tIaa
\msf _-\-cmIp-Xp ImWmw. asmcm ]dp: \qdv hoXw Nm-hm-dSn
IqSn Inn-bn-cp-s-n! An-km-Av: 140 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
Cp bp-an-, h[-an-, Jp-B aqSnsh-p--h-tcmSp Jp-B sImv
A[n-I-cn PnlmZv am{X-amWpXv FmWv ^pJm: 52 Amlp ]d-n-p-sXp ]d-bp hnizm-kn-ItfmSp I]Shnizm-kn-I tNmZn-p--Xv: "Hcp Jp-
180
JpB\ns Bmhv
B am{Xw aXntbm? _mn Hpw thtbm? Jp-B\ns\ {]tbm-KnI{]h\-fn sImp-h-tc-tbm'? Fsmam-Wv. Fm Jp-B\ns Bi-b-anmsX {]m-\-Ip-cw e`n-p-I-tbm, I- kzoI-cn--s-Sp-Itbm
Cs hkvXpX(_-Jd: 186 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I) Cu I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I km[mcW P\--fn\nv aqSn-sh-p-I-bpw Ahsc, hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-msX, Bmhv
]s-Sp-m \a-kvImcw, t\mv, kImv XpS-nb I- sNpI-hgn ]ngbmbn Plw (^pJm: 65) t\Sp--h-cm-p-I-bpam-Wv. cp-Iq-cpw \c-I-n
]c-kv]cw ]gn-Nm-cp, i]n-p-, Xn-p cwKw _Jd: 166-167 hni-Zo-I-c-Wn hmbn-p-I. Pohn-Xs Ifnbpw Xam-i-bp-ambnv, Jp-B\n Bibs Xn--d-psImpw, aqSn-sh-psImpw Pohn-p apkvenw km[m-c-Wmcpw, Ah-cpsS t\Xm-am-cmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw Xs-bmWv Im^n-dpIsfv
kpa: 32-,55-59, liv: 16-17 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. amCZ: 57, ABw: 155157,
AAvdm^v: 40, A^m: 49-50 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Am- l p- h n- s \smpw Ahs kq- - s fsmpw Ahs ZqXs\smpamtWm \n- ]cn-lknp-sIm-n-cn-p-Xv? Fp-]-d--Xn\nv
Jp-Bs\ Xn--d-bp-I- hgn Am-lp-hn-s\bpw {]hm-N-I-s\bpw Xn--dv
"ap-m'bn Fm-Wv. ImcWw Am-lphpw {]hm-N-I-\p-sa-m-ap-Xv Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n-em-Wv.
Cukm \_n h-Xn\v tijw Ccw ap-p-I-sfbmWv sIm-I-fbpI. _Jd: 146, An-km-Av: 91, ABw: 33 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
66. \n- HgnhpIgn-shmpw ]d-tb--Xn-, Xo-bmbpw \nfpsS
hnizm-kn\p tijw \n \ntj-[n-I-fm-bn-cn-p-p. \n-fn
\np Hcp-hn-`m-Kn\v \mw amv \IpI-bm-sW-n Xsbpw
ashn`m-Ks \mw inn-pI Xs sNpwF-p-sIm-s-m
\nbw Ah _pn- D-]t- bm-Ks
- -Sp-m {`mam- Xsbm-Ipp.
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS X{sf-p-dnv hnizm-kn-I-fn\nv Adnv, \_n
AXns\pdnv Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-p-I-bm-sW-n Ah ]e Hgnhp-I-gn-hp-Ifpw
]dv c-s-Sm {ia-np-am-bn-cp-p. Ac-m-sc-p-dnmWv: \n- HgnhpIgnshmpw ]d-tb--Xn-, Xo-bmbpw \nfpsS hnizm-kn\p tijw \n
\ntj-[n-I-fm-bn-cn-p-p Fv Amlp ]d-bp--Xv. \n-b-w \psS kq-sf
Xn-d
-
p If-hm-p-Ibpw, AXnt\mSv Fmw ]Tnp XnI-h
- \
- msWv Al
\Sn-p-Ibpw sNp--h-cmtcm, Ahpthn BIm-i--fpsS hmXn-ep-I Xpd-s-Sp-Ib
- n-, Ah kzK-n {]th-in-n-s
- -Sp-Ib
- p-an-Xpm-cs kqNnbpsS Zzmc-n-eqsS HIw {]th-in-p-Xp hsc. A{]-Im-c-amWv \mw {`mamv
{]Xn-êw sImSp-p-IFv. AAvdm^v: 40 ]dnpv. CXn ]d \psS
kq-sf Xn-]-d-bp-h Jp-B Inn-bnv D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m ^pm-dpI-fm-Wv. A-c-mcmWv amv \IsSm-\nSbp hn`mKw. AXnt\mSv Fmw
Au_ (9)
181
]Tnp XnI--h-\msWv Al \Sn-p-h _Jd: 99 ]d sXm-Sn-IfmWv. A-c-mv amns {]iv\-an---Im-cWw Ah hnNm-c-W-bn-msX \c-In t]mIp-h-cm-Wv. An-km-Av: 145, AAvdm^v: 175-176 kq--fpsS hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
67.
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifmb ]pcp-jamcpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn--I-fmb kv{XoIfpw

Htc hK-n s]-h-cm-Ip-p. Ah Xn In-p-Ibpw \
hntcm-[n-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. Ah Ah-cpsS ssII Npcpphcpw Am-lp-hns\ ad--h-cpw, Atm Amlp Ahsc adh-cp-am-Ip-p. \nbw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Xs-bm-Ipp sXmSnI.
Xu_: 55 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I. \-bpsS Hcp Awiw t]mepanm I]S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw hnNm-cWbnmsX \c-I-n t]mIp-hcpw ap--hsc B \c-I-n-tev ]nSnphenv sImv t]mIp--h-cp-am-Wv.
AXn\v thn F{X \o-N-amb {]hn-Ipw Ah Iqv\np--Xm-Wv. \
Jp-B-\ns I]-\-Ifpw, Xn Jp-B-\ns hntcm-[--fp-am-Wv. kzK-n-tep hgnbpw \c-I-n-te-p hgn-Ifpw ASnb Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-nmsX, Ben-Cw-dm: 10 ]d \c-I-ns hnd-Ip-I-fmbn Xotc--h-cm-W-h.
Bibw ]Tn-p--h-sc-qSn AXn\nv XS-bp--Xn\v thn Fm KqV-X-{fpw sa\-bp-Ibpw AXn\v thn Jp-B kq- aqSn-shpw hfsmSnpw
hymJym-\n-p--Xp-am-Wv. _Jd: 66 hni-Zo-I-cWw Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. kam-[m\`w-K-apm-p, cw Nnp {]h-\--v Bsc-nepw apXn-cp-I-bm-sW-n
Ahsc t{]mm-ln-n-p hn[-n Ah au\w Zon-p-I-bpw, In-m,
Adn-n-m F \b-n s]cp-am-dp-I-bpw sNpw. B Xn \S-p-I-gn
tijw AXns\ t{]mm-lnn-phw \ymbo-I-cn-p-sImv Fgp-Xp-Ibpw,
Acw Xn-Isf hn]m-S\w sNm-\p GI-amK-amb Jp-B\ns Bi-b-tmSv
amen-\y-sa \ne-v(Xu_: 125) s]cp-am-dp-Ibpw sNpw. Acw Xn-I CmXmm\p Bbp-[-ambn Jp-B\ns\ D]-tbm-Kn-msX, AXp D]-tbm-Kn--Wsap ]d-bp hnizm-kn-ItfmSmWv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv Ghpw henb hntcm[hpw i{Xp-X-bpwF-msX B Ipw {]hn--h-tcm-S-. Jp-B\ns Bibw
]Tn-m\pw ]Tn-n-m\pap h kwc-`n\pw hnizm-kn-I XpSw Ipdn-m,
AXns\ apf-bnte \pn-bnSm\p Fm X{-fpw Cu I]-Sam ]b-p--XmWv. hnizm-kn-I ]Ww apSn AXn-\p h m]-\-fpw Dm-p-hm {ianp-I-bm-sW-n, AXn \pg-p-I-bdn B m]\w Xs I]-S-hn-izm-kn-IfpsS kwL-S\
- b
- psS Bn-bmn amp-Ib
- pw, Jp-Bs\ XS-bp hn[-n CkvemanI {]kn-o-I-c-W--sfp ]dp ]{X-fpw ap _pp-Ifpw {]kn-o-I-cnv,
AXns {]N-c-W-n-\p-thn k-I-gn-hp-Ifpw Xncnv hnSp-XpamWv. kImv
k{-Zmbw \S-n-em-m {ian-msX ]pdw]qmbn ]en-i-c-lnX \n[n \S-n-emn, kwL-S-\sb hfn ako-lp--m-ens\ B\-bn-n-p Ccw I]-S-hnizm-kn-Isf h[n-m-\mWv Amlp Xu_: 123 In-n-p--Xv. Cukm \_n
182
JpB\ns Bmhv
h-tijw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwLw AXp \S-n-em-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv.

_Jd: 195 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Ah Ah-cpsS ssII Npcp-phcmWv
Fv ]d-m Pohn-X-eyw \jvS-s-Xv ImcWw Amlphns amK-n
Ah-cpsS Hcp Nnnmivt]mepw sNe-h-gn-p-I-bn-. Ah-cpsSbpw IpSpw-_mw-K-fp- s Sbpw ù- X nI Bh- i y- v h sc temI- a m\yw {]I- S - n- p- - h n- [ - n
A]kz]w am{X-ta Nne-h-gn-p-I-bp-p. Amlp \Inb A\p-{K-l-
adpshv ap--h-sc-qSn ]nip-n\v D]-tZ-in-p An-km-Av: 38- ]d
Im^n-dp-I-fm-W-h. ]c-aImcp-Wn-Is CjvS-Zm-km, sNe-h-gn-p-tm [qSn-p-Itbm ]nipv ImWn-p-Itbm sNp-I-bn-s-pw AXns cn-sbpw CSbn-ep anX-amKw kzoI-cn-p-sa-p-ap ^pJm: 67mw kqw Ah Ftmgpw
D-cn-p--Xm-Wv. Fm Cu kqw kzw Imcy-n-emWv _m[-I-sa-pw
Am-lp-hns Imcy-n AYhm Jp-B ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-npIbpw sNp
Imcy-n kv samw sNe-h-gn-mepw AXp [qm-hp-I-bn- Fpw Ch
a\-n-em-p-n-. A_q-_- knoJv X_qv bp-n-\p-thn Xs kv
apgp-h\pw Am-lp-hns {]hm-N-Is apn ImgvN-sh-p-I-bp-m-bn. Cp `qan
AXns kp-e-\-n \ne-\nm-\p GI-amKw Jp-B\ns Bibw
samw a\p-jyv Fn- am{X-am-Wv. AXn-\p-thn kkzw XyPn- Xs-bmWv Cs Pnlm-Zv(^pJm: 52 t\mp-I). Fm Cu I]-S-hn-izm-knI ]c-a-Im--cp-Wn-I-\mbn Am-lp-hns\ AwKo-I-cn-n-n-sv AAvdm^v: 150s
hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I.
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Xs-bmWv sXm-SnI Fp-]-d-bp Jp-B-\nse
GIkqam-Wn-Xv. \nbw sXm-Sn-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xsb Amlp kamK-ntev \bn-p-I-bn-sv ap\m-^n-Jq: 6epw, Am-lp-hns\ ad--h Ahchsc
kzbw ad-p-I-bm-sWpw, Aq Xs-bmWv sXm-SnI Fv liv: 19epw
]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 174-176, Ben-Cw-dm: 85-91, An-km-Av: 63, amCZ: 67, ABw:
123-124, Xu_: 59 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
68.
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jampw kv{XoIpw \ntj-[-n-\pta \ntj[w ssIsIm-p Ip^v^m-dp-Ipw Amlp \c-Imn

hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-cn-p-p. Ah AXn \nXy-hm-kn-Ifpambn-cnpwAhv AXpXs -a-Xn. Amlp Ahsc i]n-n-cn-p-p.
Ahv mbn-bmb in-bp-amWp--Xv.
ChnsS Ip^v^mdpIsf I]-S-hn-izm-kn-ItfmsSmw ]d-n-p--Xn-\m Ah

AAvdm^v: 179 ]d, lrZ-b-ap-m-bnv PohnXey-w {Klnm, Ip-mbnp Jp-B\ns Bibw ImWm D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m, ImXp-IsImv JpB\ns Bibw tIm Ign-bm Ip-Im-en-Isf tmse A, AXn-tesd
hgn-]n-g, DWn-bnpw DW-cm {]-b ^pm-dp-I-fm-Ip-p. Chscpdnv
Alvkm-_v: 73, inv sNp ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw FmWv ]d-np-
Au_ (9)
183
Xv. AYhm Jp-B Ah-X-cn-n-n-p-Xv AXv aqSn-sh-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb

]pcp-jam-scbpw kv{XoI-sfbpw, AXn\v hncp--ambn Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-c-mhIm-i--fn ]p-tNp- (Am-lp-hns GI kwL-n s]Sm {ian-msX
hnhn[ kwL-S-\-I-fmbn ]ncnp apivcnp-I-fm-bn-o_-Jd: 176) ]pcp-jamscbpw kv{XoI-sfbpw inn-m thnbpw, hnizm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jam-cp-sSbpw
kv{XoI-fp-sSbpw ]m-m]w kzoI-cn-p--Xn-\p-thnbpamWv FmWv ]d-np--Xv. _n\: 6, \n-b-w thZ-ns Bfp-I-fn \np I]-S-hn-izm-knII-fpw Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-c-mh-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp apivcn-pIfpw \cIm-n-bn-em-sW-pw, Ah AXn \nXy-hm-kn-I-fm-sW-pw, Aq- XsbmWv
Poh-Pm-e--fnshv Ghpw Xn-tb-dn-b-h-scpw ]d-n-p-v. ^mnl: 7,
_Jd: 166-167, Ben-Cw-dm: 90-91, 194, An-km-Av: 140, A^m: 22, 55 hni-Zo-IcWw t\m-p-I.
69. \n-fpsS apphsctmses-, Ah \n-sf-m iamcpw kpw km-\--fpw A[n-I-ap--h-cp-am-bn-cp-p. Atm
Ahcpm- n- b Xv Ah Bkz- Z n- p, AXp- s Imv \nv
apph Ah-cpmn-bXv BkzZnXpt]mse, \n-fp-m-n-bXv
\nfpw Bkz-Zn-v sImp-I. Ah Pohn-Xs ]cn-lk
- nXpt]mse
\nfpw ]cn-lk
- n-psImpI. Aq-c
- psS {]h-\
- s
- fmw Clnepw ]c-nepw ]mgm-bn-tmbncn-p-p. Aq- Xs-bmWv
Fmw \jvS-s--hcpw.
^n-Hu, Jmdq, lmam XpS-nb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb t\Xm-amsc
A-ambn A\p-Kan hn`m-K-m-cmWv Cu kq-n ]d ]qn-I. Ahcv
kmZnXv \cIambXpsImv acWtmSpIqSn AXh BkzZnp. AnbmAv:
14 {]Imcw Atm AhcpsS Almkw, RfpsS \nbw, R A{IanI
Xsbmbncpp FmsX asmpambncpn. AYhm Fm-Im-e
- p-ap P\X
JpB\ns Bibw aqSnshv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpw A{IanIfpw -BIp-tm-gmWv
Ahsc \in-n-n-p--Xv.
\_n ]dp: Fs Bmhv BcpsS In-emtWm Ah-\mWv kXyw, \nbw
\nv app--h-cpsS Ncy-I \n NmWn\p NmWm-bpw, apg-n\v apg-ambpw,
amdn\v amdmbpw ]n]-pIXs sNpw. F{X-tm-f-sa-m Ah-scmcp DSppamfn {]th-in-p-IbmsWn \nfpw AXn {]th-in-pIXs sNpw.
AAvdm^v: 146-147, A^m: 49-56 Xu_: 5355 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-pI.
70.
Ch-cpsS app-hcpsS hrmw Chv hp-In-n-bn-stbm?

\qlns P\-X-bp-sSbpw, BZnsbpw YaqYnsbpw, C_vdm-lo-ans
P\-X-bp-sSbpw, aZvb \nhmkn-I-fp-sSbpw, Iogvta adn--shcpsSbpw. Ah-cn-te-p ZqXam sXfn shfn-]m-SpIfpw
sImv Ah-cn-tev hp. Atm Amlp Ah-tcmSv A{I-aw
184
JpB\ns Bmhv
{]hn-p-h-\m-bn-cpn-, Fm Ah AhtcmSvXs A{Iaw
ImWn-p-hcm-bn-cp-p.
Iogvta adn--s P\X eqv \_n-bpsS P\-X-bm-Wv. lqZv: 82-83 t\mpI.

Amlp a\pjy-scbpw Pn-p-I-sfbpw kzX-{-cm-bn-mWv krjvSn-n-p--Xv. \bpw
Xnbpw Hmtcm \^vkn\pw \In-bn-pv. A-w-kv: 710 t\mpI. Ah-c-h
Xs-bmWv kzKw As-n \cIw km-Zn-t-Xv. Ben-Cw-dm: 185 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI. apIm-e--fn Hcp \mSns\ \in-n-n-p-Xv, B \mnse A{Ian-I-fmb As-n [nm-cn-I-fmb P\XbpsS {]hrn-IfpsS ê-ambn Xs-bmWv. ABw: 123-124, Adqw: 41 t\mpI. temIw \ne-\nm-\p Bbp-[-amb
Jp-B\ns Bi-b-a-\p-k-cnp Pohn-p HcmfpanmsX Fm-hcpw A{I-an-Itfm
[nm-cn-Itfm Bbn amdptm-gm-Wv temIw Ah-km-\n-p-I. AXv a\p-jy-cpsS Ic-fm Xs-bmWv Dm-hp-I. A-Bw: 47 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. \c-I-n-emb-Xn\v Am-lp-hn-s\tbm ]nim-Nn-s\tbm Ip-s-Sp-n-bnv Imcy-apm-hp-I-bn-sv
C_vdm-low: 22 ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B Inn-bnv aqSn-sh I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ipw,
Xn--d ^mPn-dp-Ipw HgnhvIgnhv Cs-pw, ac-W-k-a-bv R Im^ndm-bn-cp-p Fv Ah kzbw kmyw hln-p-sapw AAvdm^v: 37-s hni-Zo-Ic-W-n ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 57, 254, A-Bw: 130 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
71.
-hn-izm-kn-Ifmb ]pcp-jamcpw hnizm-kn-Ifmb kv{XoIfpw ]c-kv]cw

an{X--fp-w kwc--Icpam-Ip-p. Ah \- sImv I]n-p-hcpw Xnsbsmv hntcm- [ n- p- - h - c p- a m- I p- p. \a- k v I mcw
apd{]Imcw \ne-\np--h-cpw, kImv \Ip--h-cp-w, Am-lp-hns\bpw Ahs ZqX-s\bpw A\p-k-cn-p-hcpam-Ip-p. Aq-v
Am-lp-hns A\p-{Klw e`n-pI Xs sNpw. \nbw Amlp
AP--\mb bpnm\nbtm.
I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-If
- mb ]pcp-jam-cp-sSbpw kv{XoIfpsSbpw kz`m-h
- p t\sc
hncp--amWp kXy-hn-izm-kn-Ifmb ]pcp-jam-cp-sSbpw kv{XoI-fp-sSbpw kz`m-hw.
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifmb ]pcp-jamcpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn--I-fmb kv{XoIfpw HtchK-n
s]-hc
- m-Ip-p FmWv Xu_: 67 ]dsXn hnizm-kn-Ifmb ]pcp-jamcpw
kv{XoIfpw ]c-kv]cw an{X-fpw kwc--IcpamWv FmWv Cu kq-n ]dn-p--Xv. AXm-bXv Ah Jp-B\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-I ]menp Pohn-p--hcpw, AXn\v ]c-kv]cw klm-bn-p-hcp-am-Wv. Aq: 3031 kq--f-\p-kcnp acym-ZIfpw hkv{X-[m-cWhpw kzoI-cn-psImv, \oNhpw \ny-hp-amb
{]hrn-I-fn-te-p \bn-p kml-Ncyw ]c-kv]cw Cm-Xm-p--XpamWv.
AAvdm^v: 26 hni-Zo-I-cn Bm-hns `-Whpw hkv{Xhpw AWn--Xn\m, No hnNmcw t]mepw Ah-cn-ep-m-Ip-I-bn-. Acw hnizm-kn-I-fmb
]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw ]c-kv]cw ktlm-Zco ktlm-Z-c--fm-sWv lpPm-dmv:
10epw, Ahv Hcp-antm As-n sNdnb sNdnb Iq--fmtbm `Ww Ignm-sav Aq: 61epw ]d-n-p-v. Alvkm_v: 35 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. I]-S-hn-
Au_ (9)
185
izmknI ]c-kv]cw an{X-fpw kwc-I

- c
- p-am-sWv ]d-bmsX Htc hK-nsh-cm-sW-v ]d--Xv, Ah-cpsS Bm-hns IpSpv ImcWw Ah ]c-kv]cw
klm-bn--p-I-bn- FXn\memWv.
]nip-v, Akq-b, Al-m-cw, IpnXX{-, ]pdw]qv ]d-bpI, `v
\SnpI, Xt]mcna \SnpI, m\-am-\-pthn \ne-sIm-pI, a-cnp-I, PmV {]I-Sn-n-p-I, Am-lp-hns\ ad-p-sImv hn`m-Ko-bX Dm-p--Xn\p-thn kwkm-cn-p-I, {]hn-pI XpS-nb ZpKp-W--sfmpw hnizm-kn-Ifn ImWp-I-bn-. Ah Xn Im ssIsImv AXns\ XS-bpw, AXn\v
km[n-p-n-s-n \mhp-sImv XS-bp-w, AXn\pw km[n-n-s-n a\-p-sImv
B Xn sNp--hsc shdp-p--Xm-Wv. ]en-i, NqXm-w, Ipg]Ww, I--Sv, hKo-b-X, hwio-b-X, kzm-X, kzP-\-]--]m-Xw, kwL-S\m]-]m-Xw,
enwK]-]m-Xw XpS-nb ss]im-Nn-I-amb {]h-\--sfmpw Ah-cn ImWpI-bn-. Ah-cpsS cl-ky-Po-hnXw ]c-ky-Po-hn-X-t-m D-a-am-bn-cn-pw. AhcpsS ]c-ky-Po-hn-X-am-Is ap--hp amXr-I-bpam-bn-cn-pw. Ah {]hm-N-Is
PohnXw Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv a\-n-emn P\--fn B PohnXw
kmyw hl-nv {]hm-N-Is\ P\-a-[y-n \-h-\mbn Nn{Xo-I-cn-p--Xm-Wv. JpB \ne-\np-X
- n-\p-thn {]hm-NI
- kln XymK- A\p-kvac
- nv AXn\v
X-Xmb {]Xn-êw {]hm-N-I\v \ItWsbv kZm Amlphnt\mSv {]mnp-sIm-n-cn-p--h-cpam-Wv. Jp-B\ns Bibw \ne-\np--Xn-\p-thn \akvImcw AXns ka-b--fn \ne-\np--h-cpw, Amlp \Inb Fm A\p{K-l-fpw D]tbm-K-s-Spn ChnsS kzKw ]Wn-bp--h-cp-am-Wv. I]-S-hn-izm-knI kImv e`nm B{K-ln-p--h-cm-sW-n, hnizm-kn-I kImv sImSpm B{K-ln-p--h-cm-Wv. Ftmgpw Am-lp-hns\ am{Xw B{i-bnp Po-hn-pIbpw, Am-lp-hns Xr]vXnbn ap--hsc Xr]vXn-s-Sp-I-bpw, Am-lp-hns
tIm]n ap-h
- t- cmSv tIm]w ]pepIbpw, Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-bn \IpIbpw, Am-lp-hns tIm]-n \ImXncn-p-Ibpw sNp-h
- c
- mWv Ah. Amlp-hn-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmb Ccw hnizmkn-Iv Jp-B tcmK-i-a-\hpw Imcp-Wyhpw ip`-hm-Zm-b-I-hp-am-Wv. Ah
Ftmgpw Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n-eqsS "Amlv' F kvacW \ne-\np--hcpw, Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p--h-cp-am-bn-cn-pw.
Xlvcow: 1112, hnizm-kn-I-fmb ]p-cp-jampw kv{XoIpw amXr-I-bmbn
ab-an-s\bpw ^n-Hu-\ns kv{Xobmb Bky-tb-bp-amWv Nqn-m-Wn-n-p-Xv.
hnhmlw IgnmsX Pohn ab-ans\ amXr-I-bmbn kzoI-cn-t hnizm-kn-\nItfmSv; Cv ap-kvenw-I-sfmw hnhn[ kwL-S-\-I-fnsv apivcn-p-I-fmbn Xonp-Xv sImv, _Jd: 221mw kq-a-\p-k-cnv Ahsc hnhm-lw- I-gn- A\p-hZ-\o-b-a- Fv ]d-m AXns s]mcp Ah a\-n-em-p-sa-nepw I]-S-hnizm-kn-I AsXms Am-e-tv _m[-I-am-b-Xt Fp ]dv ]cn-l-knp--Xm-Wv. bYm-n \_n-bpsS Imev hnizm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jamcpw
186
JpB\ns Bmhv
kv{XoIfpw Dm-bn-cp-XpsImv ]c-kv]cw hnhm-l-_--n G-s-Sm-am-bncp-p. Fm Jp-B\

- ns B-ib
-
- n Pohn-p hnizm-kn-If
- mb ]pcp-jamcpw
kv{XoIfpw Cm Cm-e-t-mWv B amXrI _m[-I-am-Ip--Xv. ^n-Hu-\ns
kv{Xo Bky ùXn-Ia
- mb Fm kpJ-ku-Ic
- y-fpapm-bnpw hnizmkw \ne-\np-Xn\v thn ]c-tem-I-n\v {][m\yw sImSp-p-sImv PohXs XyPn--hcm-Wv. Ahsc amXr-I-bmbn kzoI-cn-p hnizm-kn-\n-Iv, Cv I]-S-hn-izm-knI-fmb ]pcp-jam-cpsS CW-If
- mbn Pohn-pI km[y-a
- Xs. Npcp-
- n {XnIme-m-\-amb JpB\ns Bi-b-n \nv, FhnsS\nv GXh--bn-emtWm
hXv Ahn-tSv AtX Ah--bn Xncnpt]mIm Bh-iy-amb Sn-mb JpB-\ns Bibw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--h-cmWv hnizm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jamcpw
kv{XoIfpw. Ah kzK-n kv{Xo-]p-cpj hyXym-k-sam-p-an-msX apAvan\mb
Am-lp-hns cq]-n, Ahs kao-]-n kXy-ns-Xmb Ccn-n-S-n
Ccn-p--Xm-Wv. _Jd: 177, 218, Ben-Cw-dm: 136, amCZ: 105, AAvdm^v: 170 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
72.
hn-izm-kn-Ifmb ]pcp-jamtcmSpw hnizm-kn-Ifmb kv{XoItfmSpw

Am- l p Xmgv ` m- K - - f neqsS \Zn- I Hgp- I n- s m- n- c n- p
kzKqtm-p-I hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-p-v, AXn Ah \nXy-hmkn-I-fm-bn-cn-pw. B \nXym\p-{K-l- kzKqtm-pIfn Ahv
]mh-\-amb hk-Xn-I-fp-ap-m-bn-cn-pw. AXn-s\mw ]pdsa Am-lphn \np Xr]v X nbpw. AXm- I pp Ghpw hepXv . AXv
am{XamIpp al-mb hnP-bw.
Xu--_ 111--, \nbw Amlp hnizm-kn-I-fn\nv Ah-cpsS ico-chpw

kpw kzK-n\v ]Icw hmn-bn-pv. Ah Am-lp-hns amK-n
bpw sNp--h-cpw, Ah h[n-p--hcpw h[n--s-Sp--h-cp-am-Wv. Xudm-nepw
Co-enepw Jp-B-\n-epw Ah-tcmSv hmKvZw sNbvXnp-Xm-Wn-Xv Fpw,
^pJm: 15, kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-tfmSv hmKvZw sNbvX \c-I-amtWm AtXm kXyhn-izm-kn-I-fmbn Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p--htcmSv hmKvZw sNbvX
imiz-X-amb kzK-amtWm Ghpw DIr-jvS-am-bXv Fpw, 16, Ahv B
kzK-n B{K-ln-p--sXmw Dv, Ah-c-Xn imiz-X-cp-am-Wv. AXv \ns
\mYs ASp- tNmZyw sN-s-Sm-hp hmKvZ--am-Wv Fp-w ]-d-n-p-v.
kpa: 74, B kzK-hm-kn-I kzKn {]th-in-tijw ]d-bp--Xm-Wv:
Am-lp-hn-\mWp kvXpXn, Ah R-tfmSv sNbvX hmKvZw kXy-s-Sp-n-bncn-p-p, Ah Rv `qan A\--c-mh-Imiambn \In, C\n Rv
kzK-n CjvSwt]mse ew ]nSn-ma-tm -At?. Atm {]hn-p-hv e`n-p {]Xn-êw F{X A\p-{Klkqw! ^pzn-e-v: 30-33,
kz^v: 10-13, apAvan\q: 111 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
Jm^v: 35- kzK-hm-knIsf-p-dnv Amlp ]d-bpp: Ahv B kzK-
Au_ (9)
187
n Ah-cp-t-in-p--sX-m-ap-v, \psS ] AXn\p ]pdsa A[n-I-hp-apvv.

ChnsS "\psS ] A[nI-hp-apv' Fpw, Cu kq-n "Am-lp-hn
\np Xr]vXn, AXmWv Ghpw hepXv' Fpw ]d--XpsImp- hnh-,
Ah Xr]vXn-s-Sp--hsc(\-c-I-nse hn[n--s inbn Hcp-`mKw Bkz-Zn-tijw) ip]mi sNbvXv kzK-n-tev sImp-h-cm Ahv Amlp
A\phmZw \Ip-sam-Wv. k_-Av: 23, Bm-tWm, Bp-th-n-bmtWm
kXw e`n-Xv Ah-m-sX Amlphns ASp ip]mi D]-Im-c-s-Sp-Ibn-. Bp-th-n-bmtWm A\p-hmZw \I-s-Xv Ah-cpsS(\-c-I-hm-kn-I-fp-sS)
lrZ-b-fnse ]cn-{àw \on--gnbp-tm Ah, Ahp-thn ip]mi
sNm A\p-hmZw e`n kzK-hm-kn-I-tfmSv tNmZn-p--XmWv: "\n-fpsS
\mY'FmWv ]d-Xv? Atm kzK-hm-kn-I adp-]Sn ]dbpw: "kXyw
am{XamWv Ah ]d-n-p-Xv(Jp-B ]d-Xv Xs-bmWv \S-n-em-hp-I)
Ah AXyp--X-\pw hen-b-h-\pam-Ipp' Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Ben-Cw-dm: 133136, 194, amCZ: 119 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
\c-I-hm-kn-I Am-lp-hns\ `qan-bnshv \mY-\mbn AwKo-I-cn-pItbm
Ahs\ hnfnp{]mnp-Itbm sNp-am-bncp-n-, AXp-sIm-mWv kzK-hmkn-I-tfmSv "\n-fpsS \mY' Fv Ah ]d-bp--Xv. kpKvdp^v: 77-, \c-I-hm-knIfmb {`mam, \c-I-ns ]mdm-hp-I-c-\mb amen-ns\ hnfnv: "\ns dv'
R-fpsS IY-b-v Igntms Fp-]-d-bp cwKw ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v.
amenv adp-]Sn ]dbpw: "\nbw R kXyhpw sImv \n-fn hn-p-mbn-cp-p, Fm \n-fn A[n-It- ]cpw kXysJpB\ns Bi-bs
- shdpp--h- Xs-bm-bn-cp-p'. apAvan: 49-50 kq--fn, \c-I-hm-kn-I AXns
]mdm-hp-Im-tcmSv "\c-I-in-bn\nv Hcp-Zn-h-ktXv R-sf-smv eLq-I-cnv
Xcm, \n \n-fpsS \mY-t\mSv {]mn-pI' Fp-]-d-bp-tm ]mdm-hpIm tNmZnpw: "\nv hy-amb shfn-]m-Spw-sImv \n-fn\np
ZqXam hn-p-m-bn-cp-nt?' Atm Ah ]dbpw: "AsX hn-cpp-'. aep-I ]dbpw: "Fm \n Xs {]mnp-sIm-p-I, Jp-B Inn-bnv
aqSnsh Im^n-dp-I-fpsS {]m\ hgn-tI-SnemsXb'.
AXp am{XamIpp al-mb hnP-bw F Bi-b-tmSqIqSnbmWv Xu--_:
111-- , bq\pkv: 64, apAvan: 9,ZpJm: 57, lZoZ:v 12 Fo kqIvX-fpw Ahkm\npXv.
_Jd: 186, amCZ: 10 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
73.
Hm \_n-tb, \ntj-[-n-\p-ta \ntj[w ssIsm-p Ip^v^m-dpI-tfmSpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfmSpw A[n-I-cn PnlmZv sNp-I, AhtcmSv shdp-tm-Sp-IqSn tZjyn s]cp-am-dp-I. Ah-cpsS ktXw
\c-I-am-Ip-pF{X-tam-i-s aS---ew.
Xlvcow: 9epw CtX kqw Bhn-n-p-v. X_qn \npw Xncnph-Xn\v tijw, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfmSv AtXhsc kzoI-cn-n-cp hnp-ho-gvNm-]-c-amb
188
JpB\ns Bmhv
\ne-]m-Sv Ah-km-\n-nv, I-ia

- mb \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-W
- s
- amWv kqw Inp--Xv. Ben-Cw-dm: 159 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. X_qv kwcw-`-tmsS
Atd_y apgp-h Ckvem-anI insb AwKo-I-cn-p-I-bp-mbn. Atd-_yv ]pdp hin-I-fp-ambn kwL-\w XpSpsImn-cn-p--Xn-\m, hnizm-knIn-S-bn inYn-eo-I-cW {]h-\- \S-n-sIm-n-cp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifmb ASp-fmp-Isf Cmbva sNt--Xpap-v. kXy-Zo-\ns\ amp-cp
t\mm\pw kXyw a\-n-emn bYm Zo kzoI-cnv sXv Xncp-m\pw, aXnbmb \o Ime-bf
- hv I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-Iv CXn-\Iw e`nn-pmbn-cpp. Ip^v^mdp-I Bcm-sWv a\-n-em-p--Xn\v Xu_: 6768 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
ChnsS, Ip^v^m-dp-Ifpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw apkvenw-I-fn \np- Jp-B
Inn-b-hcpw, Fm AXns\ aqSn-shv Xn--d-v Pohn-p--h-cp-am-Wv. CkvdmAv: 82, Chsc A{I-an-I-sf-pw, Chv Jp-B \jvSa-msX hn-n-p-Ibn-spw ]d-n-p-v. amCZ: 51, A-Bw: 47 AAvdm^v: 37, 40-41, bq\p-kv: 17,
Ilv^v: 57, kPZ: 22, XpS-nb kq--fn Ccw A{I-an-I-fmb {`mamscpdnv ]d-n-p-v. Xu_: 125, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv Jp-B amen-\yamWv
F-pw, A-Bw: 33, Cu A{I-an-I If-hm-p--Xv \nsb, adnv Am-lphn-s- kq---tfm-SmWv(Jp-B\ns BibtmSmWv) Ah hntcm[w shpsIm-n-cn-p--Xv Fpw ]d-n-p-v. Atm Ccw Bfp-I amXm-]n-Xm-fm-sW-nepw ktlm-Zco ktlm-Z-cam-cm-sW-nepw Ahsc B-an-{X-tfm klmbn-Itfm Bbn sXsc-s-Sp--cp-sXpw, Ah-sc a\-p-sIm-s-nepw shdp-W-sa-pamWv hnizm-kn-It- fmSv I]np-X
- v. Xu_: 23-24s hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv m\-am-\- \I-cp-sX-pw, kZ-p-I-fn Bcpw
Ah-tcmSv Ipiew ]dbcp-sXpw, Ah-cpsS a\-n Xd-p hmp-I ]d-b-Wsa-p-amWv Amlp In-p--Xv. Ben-Cw-dm: 119, An-km-Av: 63, AAvdm^v:
175176 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. ^Xvlv: 29, apl-Zv Am-lp-hns ZqX-\m-Ipp, At-l-tm-sSm--ap--h Ip^v^m-dp-I-tfmSv ITn\ lrZ-b-cpw, hnizm-kn-InS-bn ]c-kv]cw Imcp-Wy-n hn-p--h-cpam-sWv ]d-n-p-v. ChnsS
Ip^v^m-dp-I I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-f-S-p kXy-a-dnp \ntj-[n-p--h- apgp-h-\pamWv.
An-km-Av: 140, Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\v hncp--ambn kwkm-cn-p-sImn-cn-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sfbpw, AXp tIn-cn-p Im^n-dp-I-sfbpw Amlp
\c-I-n Hcp-an-p-Iq-p-sav ]d-n-p-v. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ipthn hmZn-cp-sXv An-km-Av: 105, 112 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I ac-Ws-m Ahp-thn anv \a-kvI-cn-p-tbm, Ahp-thn s]mdp--ens\
tXSp-Itbm sN-cpsXv Xu_: 84, 113-114 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. amCZ:
57, hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv: \n hnizm-kn-I-fm-sW-n X-fpsS Zo\ns\
Ifnbpw Xam-i-bp-amn amn-b, Pohn-X-eyw \jvS-s-Sp-nb Ip^v^m-dp-Isf
Ban{X--fmbn sXc-s-Sp--cp-sXv Amlp ]d-n-p-v.
Au_ (9)
189
h-h\pw Hcp Zpcm-Nm-cnv am\yX In-m, Ah Ckvem-ans\ XIm

klm-bn--h\mbn Fv \_n ]Tn-nnp-v. PqXam-cpsS AtX kz`m-h-amWv
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-sS-sXv amCZ: 4142 kq--fn ]d--np-v. PqXamsc
Amlp sImpIf-n-p-sv Xu_: 30epw I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-Isf Amlp sImp
If-npsv ap\m-^n-Jq: 4epw ]d-n-p-v. "kmap-ZmbnI sFIyw' F
Ckvem-anIhncp- Bibw PqXam-cn \np IS-sa-Spv Ckvem-an sImp-hXv Cu I]-Sam-cm-Wv. A[n-Im-c-n-\p-thn Fp- s\-dn-sI Iqp-sI-n\pw
Xm-dm-Wnh. An-km-Av: 136139 hni-Zo-I-cWw Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. `qan-bn FhnsS
c-sm-cn-n- \S-mepw AXns ]m]-`mcw hln-t-Xv Jp-B hln-p
Cu I]-Sam-cmWv. Fm AsXmpw {Kln-msX, c-sm-cn-n \S-pXv kap-Zm-b-n\v ]pdm-sW-n Dn-s-bp-n ktm-jn-p ]nim-Nns
Iqp-Im-cm-b a\pjy]nim-Np-f
- m-Wh. Xlvcow: 8 hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv Amlp
]d-bpp: \n- Am-lp-hn-tev Bm-ambn ]m-]nv aS-p-I, \nfpsS \mY \n-fpsS sXp-I ambvp-I-f-bp-I-bpw, \nsf Xmgv`mK--fn-eqsS
\Zn-I Hgp-In-sm-n-cn-p kzKq-tm-p-I-fn {]th-in-n-p-Ibpw sNbvtXmw. At-Zn\w \_n-sbtbm Atltm-sSm--ap hnizm-kn-Isftbm Amlp \nnp-I-bn-. Ah-cpsS {]Imiw Ah-cpsS ap`m-K-pw he-Xp-`m-Kpw
HmSn-sm-n-cn-pw. Ah (C-l
- n) {]mn-ncp-h
- c
- p-amWv: "R-fpsS \mYm,
R-fpsS {]Imiw \o ]qn-bmnm-epw, Rv \o s]mdp-pXmepw, \nbw \o FmIm-cy-n\pw Ign-hp k-i- Xs-btm'. Ankm-Av: 174-175 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. lnPv: 88- \_n-tbmSv Amlp ]dbpp: I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv Cl-n \In-bn-p tPmUn-I-fmb ùXnI hn`-h-fn-tev \ns Iv BIjn--s-S-cp-Xv, Ah-cp-sS-ta \o ZpxJn--bp-a-cp-Xv,
hnizm-kn-Iv \ns Nnd-Ip-I Xmgvn-sm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp-I. A^m:
6264, Xu_: 55 t\mpI.
Cv temIshn-sSbpw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-an-, adnv Ccw I]-SamcpsS kwL-am-Wp--Xv. Ahsc A\p-k-cn--cp-Xv, Jp-BsImv Ah-tcmSv A[nI-cn PnlmZv \SW-sa-mWv ^pJm: 52 Amlp I]n-n-p--Xv. Cv
ako-lp-
- m-ens\ B\-bn-p {]h\-f
- n Gs-n-cn-p Cu I]-Sam
Xs-bm-bn-cnpw Ahs klm-bn-I. Ch-cpsS Bib ]qh-Wn-bnv Ckvemans\ ambvp If-bm-\mWv ako-lp--m hcn-I. hnizm-knI am{X-am-bn-cnpw
ako-lp--m-ens "^nXv\' t\cntSnhcn-I- Fv \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. I]-S-hnizm-kn-I ako-lp--m-ens klm-bn-Ifm-sW-n, DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iamb JpB-\ns Bi-b-w D]-tbm-K-s-SpmsX(ABw: 104) `qcn-] apkvenw-I akolp--m-ens kzKw sXsc-s-Spv Ahs sIWn-bn s]p-t]m-Ip--h-cmbn-cn-pw. Cukm \_n hv ako-lp--m-ens\ sIm-tijw, hnizm-kn-IfpsS
kwLw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf h[n-p-sImv An-km-Av: 91 Xu_: 123, Alvkm-_v:
61 Fo kq--fpsS I]\ \nd-th-p--Xm-Wv.
190
JpB\ns Bmhv
hnizm-kn-I ^mnl: 7, "\o tIm]n--s--h-cpsS amKn-e' Fp]-d-bp-tm Cu I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sf-bpw, "hgn-]n-g--h-cpsS Iq-n-ep-a'Fp-]-dbp-tm Cu Ip^v^m-dp-I-sf-bp-amWv a\-n Icp-tX--Xv. Ccw I]-S-hn-izmkn-IfpsSbpw Ip^v^m-dp-I-fp-sSbpw ]nn \a-kvI-cn-m-t\m, Ah-cp-ambn CS-]gIn Pohn-mt\m hnizm-kn-Iv ]mSn-. Ah-tcmSv PohnX- cw-K--fn-semw a\p-sIm-s-nepw AI ImWn--Ww. Am--]w \msf ]c-tem-I-n
ChnsS Btcm-sSmamtWm Ign-p-Iq-Sn-bncp-Xv, Ah-tcm-sSmw Xs-bm-bn-cnpw Ign-tb-n-h-cn-I. ^pJm: 29, kpJvdp-^v: 67 kq- t\mp-I. ^pzne-v: 26-28 kq-fn ]d Im^n I]Sam-cpw, 29 ]d Im^n Cu
I]-Samsc t\Xm-fpw Cam-ap-am-cp-ambn ]np-Sv Pohn-p-t]mb km[m-c-W-mcpam-Wv. Cv Jp-B\ns Bibw AW--p-]-tbm-Knp ISnp]nSnv Pohn-m-h-scmw I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-If
- n-epw, Ip^v^m-dp-If
- nepw s]v Im^n-dmbn Poh shSnp
\jvS-s-tS-n-h-cpw. Im^n Bcm-sWv a\-n-em-p--Xn\v _Jd: 23-24, 254,
Ben-Cw-dm: 10 kq-f
- psS hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mp-I. ap\m-^n-Jp-I \c-I
- ns
ASn--n-em-sWv a\-n-em-m An-km-Av: 145 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
"F{X-tam-is
- aS-
ew'Fp-]d
-
Xv, Fm-hcpw `qan-bn hXv kzKn \nmWv. kzK-n-tev Xs Xncnpt]mI-W-sa-n, Jp-B\ns
Bibw Sn-mbn D]-tbm-Knp kzKw ChnsS ]Wn-tb--Xp-v. Am--h-cpsSsbmw aSw \c-I-n-te-mWv FmWv. _Jd: 38, Ben-Cw-dm: 182 kq-fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
74.
R AXv ]d-n-t-bn-sv Ah Am-lp-hns\smv BWbn-v ]d-bpp--F-m Xo-bmbpw Ah B kXy-\n-tj-[-ns

hmv ]d-bpI Xs sNbvXn-p-v. Ah Ah-cpsS Ckvemw kzoIcWn\p-tijw AXns\ aqSn-sh Im^n-dp-I-fm-bn-cn-pp (I]-Shn-izmknI-fm-bn-cn-p-p). Ahv sNm Ignbm NneXv
sNm DZy-an-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xs HuZm-cy-m Am-lphpw
Ahs ZqX\pw Ahsc sFiz-cyhmamcmn F-msX asmpw
Ah- c psS Cu {]XnIm- c - n\p ImcWambnn- . Atm C\n
XfpsS Cu \ne-]m-Sn\nv Ah tJZnp ]nam-dp-psh n,
AXv Ahp XsbmWv Daw. Ah ]nncnbp-n-s-n-tem,
Amlp Ahv Cl-nepw ]c-nepw thZ-\m-P-\-Iamb in
\Ip--XmWv. `qan-bn FhnsSbpw Ahv c-I-\mtbm klmbn-bmtbm Bcpw Xs Dm-hp-I-bp-an-.
Xu_: 65 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. X_qv bm{Xbn Hcn-Sv shv \_nbpsS H-Is ImWm-Xm-bn. Atm I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I ]cn-l-knpsImv
Cs\ ]d-p: Cu a\p-jy(\_n) hm\-temI hm-I \mbn Ad-bp--h\-s{X, Fm Xs HIw Ctm Fhn-sS-sbp am{Xw Adn-bn-. asmcn
Au_ (9)
191
Hcp I]-S-hn-izmkn C{]-Imcw ]dp: Cu a\p-jy ]d-bp--sXms icn-bm-sWn \sfms Igp-X-I-sf-m tami-am-Wv. CXv t]mep [mcmfw \ntj-[ns hmp-I thsdbpw Ah D]-tbm-Kn-n-cp-p.
Cp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I CXnepw henb [nmc hmp-I-fmWv ]d-bp-Xv. Jp-B AW--p-]-tbm-Knp ISn-p-]n-Sn-m \_n l-p hnZm-C
shvXs ]Tn-n-n-p-s-n, B \_nhN-\s adp-sImv "Jp-B am{Xw
aXntbm' FmWv Ch tNmZn-p-Xv. Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn
]p-tNp apivcnp-Iv (amXm-]n-Xm-f
- m-sW-nepw icn), Ah \c-I
- ns
kl-hm-kn-I-fm-sWv hy-am-b-Xn-\p-tijw s]mdp--ens\ tXS \_ntm
hnizm-knItm tbmPn--X-sv Xu_: 113 ]d-n-p Imcyw P\-sf
Adn-bn-p-tm, am apivcnp-Isfp-dnmWv B ]d--sXv ]d-bp-Ibpw,
Ckvdm-Av: 23mw kqw Ftmgpw JpXp-_-I-fnepw apw D-cnv amXm-]n-Xm-tfmSv 'sO' Fp-t]mepw ]d-b-cp-sX-mWv Jp-B I]n-p--Xv Fn-cns,
Cu a\p-jy FmWv P\-tfmSv ]d-bp--Xv FmWv Ah tNmZnpXv.
Xu_: 84 Dcnp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ip anv \a-kvI-cn-m ]mSn-sp ]d-bptm, AXn\v I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Bscv F-s\ Xncn--dnbpw? FmWv Cu
I]-Sam tNmZn-pI. Jp-B\ns samw Bi-b-amb ^pJm-\mWp AXv
Xncn--dn-bm-\p D]-I-c-W-sap Cu a\p-jy-]n-im-Np- {Kln-n-n-, As-n
a\-n-em-n-bnpw P\--fn \np aqSn-sh-p-p.
kamKhpw ZpamKhpw Fm \^vkn\pw Amlp \In-bn-pv(A-wkv: 710) Fpw kzKhpw \c-Ihpw Ah-c-h Xs kzbw ChnsS ]Wn-tb-Xpv Fpw Jp-B kq- D-cnp ]d-bp-tm (_-Jd: 286 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I) AXp tIm an PpapA JpXp_Ifn Am-lp-hns
kzKhpw hnim-e-am-Wv, \c-Ihpw hnim-e-amWv, AXn-tep Ah CjvSap-hsc
Bn-sIm-s
- , \mw Fn-\mWv P\-sf \c-I
- n-temp-Xv? FmWv Ah
P\-sf tIn-p-I (A-n-km-Av: 140 t\mp-I). Ch ]pn-cnpsImv BfpIsf kao-]n-p-h
- c
- pw, \ \ hmp-I kwkm-cn-p-h
- cpw, ]d-bp-Xv {]hnm-hcp-am-Wv. AXp-hgn Ah Zo\n\nv, hnn\nv Ap-sX-dn-p thKn sXdn-p-t]m-Ip-sa-pw, Ahsc Ip-ap-ptSpshp h[n-p-If
- b
- W
- s
- apw
\_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Cp hnizm-kn-IfpsS kwL-an-m--Xn-\m, \_n-bpsS Cu
I\ \S-n-em-m km[y-a-. Jp-B sImp PnlmZns `mK-ambn Cc-msc AAvdm^v: 176 D-cnp D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amwhcm \mb- Fpw, ey-t_m[w \jvS-s-, ZpamKn-tev \bn-p(A-Avdm^v: 146-147)
a\p-jyn-im-Nv Fpw hnizm-kn- ]d-bp-tm Cu I]-Sam tNmZn-pI, \_n
Bsc-sbnepw "\mb-' Fv hnfn-nptm Fmbn-cnpw. PpapA: 5, JpB hln-p Chsc Igp-X-tbmSpw PqX-tcm-Spw D]-an-n-p-v, kqw Ah-km-\np-Xv Ccw B{I-an-Isf Amlp kamK-n-tev \bn-p-I-bn Xs
Fp-]-dp sImm-Wv. Cmcyw DWp-tm AhcXns\ JWvUnp-I-
192
JpB\ns Bmhv
bpw, kqns Ah-km-\-`mKw D-cn-msX kq-ns BZy-`mKw am{Xw

D-cn-v, AXv Xudmv hln-p PqXammWv _m[-Iw, AmsX apkvenwIv AXp _m[-I-a Fp-]-d-bpw. Fm Hmtcm Bbn-c-nepw sXmmbncn sXmpn HXpw \c-I-n-tepw Hv am{Xw kzKn-te-p-am-Wv F
Jp-B- kq-fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-amb \_n-h-N\w D-cnp-tm An-kmAv: 118 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I, As\ ]d-bm ]mSn-, Amlp Gsd s]mdp-p-h-\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-a-t, Atm F-m-hcpw \c-I-n-te-p--Xm-sW-n
]ns kzKw Bp--XmWv FmWv Cu a\p-jy-n-im-Np- tNmZnp-I.
Hmtcm-cp-cpw kzbw {]mnv Bbn-c-n Hm-Im {ian--W-sav ]d-bp-hs\ Ah ]pn-p-Xpw ]cn-lknp-XpamWv. _-Jd: 213 t\mp-I.
Amlp hnizm- k n- I - s f hnfnv : \n Amlphns\ lrZ- b - n
kqnt- h n[w kqn- pI, \n khkzw Am- l p- h n\v
kanhcmbnsmmsX acn-p-Ibpacp-Xv Fv ]d-bp Ben--Cw-dm: 102mw
kqw Dcnv, Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n sht--hn[w sh hnizm-knv
Hcm-]pw kw`-hn-p-I-bn-sv ]d-bp-tm, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Ah-cpsS JpXv_Ifn: shSn-sh-m sImpIbnm Fv ]d-bp--h ChnsSbpv FmWv ]cnl-knpsImv ]d-bp-I. Npcp--n Cu ùXnIhmZnI, ImcyImcW _n\v AXo-X-ambn Amlp hnizm-kn-Isf klm-bn-p-sa hkvXpX AwKo-I-cnm--h-cm-Wv. Jp-B Inn-bnv aqSn-sh--h-tcm-Spw, AXp]-tbm-K-s-Sp-msX
Xn--d--htcmSpw Amlp {]Xn-Im-cw sNp-sav ]d Ben-Cw-dm: 4, bq\pkv: 17, lqZv: 17, kPZ: 22, Ilv^v: 57, kpa: 55,60,63 XpS-nb kq--sfmw Ch
aqSn-sh-p-p. bYm-n Ch Xs-bmWv Im^ndpIsfv _Jd: 6-7, 24, 39,
85, 121, 254, amCZ: 44-, 47, 49, 51, 59, A-Bw: 25-26, 47, 55 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-Wn ImWmw. kpa: 8, Ccw Im^n-dp-I-tfmSv ]d-bm I]n-pp: \o
\ns \ntj-[w-sImv Ipd--Imew kpJn-p-I, \n-bw \o \c-I-hm-kn-I-fn
s]-h Xs-bmWv. Cu kq--sfmpw Jp-B-\nen F `mh-n-emWv
Jp-B Bi-b-a-dn-bp- I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I, \a-kvI-cn-v t\m-\p-jvTnv Jp-B
HmXn ]ng-bmbn \cIw e`n----hn[w km[m-c-W-msc \bn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Xv. An-km-Av: 143, Xu_: 53-55 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Ahv sNm Ign-bm-Xp sNm DZy-anp Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-,
X_q-n Hcpamkw \_n-tbm-sSmv Xma-knpIbpw \_n-bpsS JpXv_-Ifpw
D]-tZi \ntZ-i--fp-samw tIpIbpw sNbvX I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I \S-nb
KqVm-tem-N-\-bmWv kqNn-n-p--Xv. X_qn\nv aZo-\-bn-tev aS-p
ssk\yw cm{Xn-Im-ev Db ]-X-`m-K-p-IqSn ISpt]mIp-tm, Bg-ap
sIm-bn-tev \_nsb Xn-ho-gvn h[n-m-\mbn-cpp Ah DZy-an-n-cp-Xv.
B hnhcw e`n-Xn-s\-p-Sv Xmgvhmc-n-eqsS hgnamdn k-cn-m ssk\yn\p I]\ sImSp- tijw, \_n Am-dp_v\p bmkdns\bpw lpssZ-^-p_v\p bam-\n-sbbpw Iqn ae-m-X-bn-eqsS Xs(Am-lp-hns ASn-a-Iv
Au_ (9)
193
Ahs `qan-bn Fhn-sSbpw k-cn-m-\p kzmX-{y-ap-sv sXfn-bn-p-sImv) bm{X sNbvXp. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fns] ]p ]{v t] thj-{]--cmbn Xsf ]np-S-cp--Xmbn Ahv a\-n-embn. Ah-cpsS H-I-sf ASnp
]nn-cn-n-p-Xn-\mbn lpssZ^ ]pd-tImp Xncnp. Atlw hcp--Xp-Iv,
Xncn--dn-bstp-sa `b-m Ah HmSn ad-bp-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv.
tdma-m-cp-am-bp Gp-ap--en\vtijw \_nbpw hnizm-kn-Ifpw kpc-n-X-cmbn
Xncn-p-h-cm CS-bn-s-m-bn-cpp aZo-\-bnse I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS IWpIq.
AXn-\m X_q-n \_nv Xncn-Sn Dm-Ip am{X-bn aZo-\-bn A_vZpmln_v\p D_ns\ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bmbn IncoSw AWn-bn-m- Ah Xocp-am-\n-pdnn-cp-p. Ccw KqVm-tem-N-\-I \S-p--Xn-\p-th-n-bmWv aZo-\bn Ah
"akvPn-Zp-fn-dm' F ]n ]Wn-Xncp--Xv. CXm-bn-cpp asmcp DZy-aw. Fm
X_q-n\nv aS-p hgn-bnshv Xs Am-lp-hns \ntZ-i-{]-Imcw
"akvPn-Zp-fn-dm' s]mfn-pI-f-bm \_n Bsf Ab-p-I-bp-mbn.
\_n lnPvdsNbvXv hcp--Xn\papv aZo\ Hcp km[m-cW ]-W-am-bn-cp-p.
Hukv, JkvdPv tKm{X-p ]W-ntem {]Xm-]-ntem {]tXy-Inp anI-hpIsfm-p-ap-m-bn-cp-n-. Fm \_n hcnI-bpw, Akm-dp-I ti- klnv
Atls klm-bn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-X-\p-k-cnv, (liv: 9 t\mp-I) GXm\pw
hj-n-\Iw Cu CS-cw ]Ww Atd-_y-bpsS apgp-h tI{-am-bn-op.
aZo-\bnepmbn-cp _\q ssJ\p-Jm-Av, _\q \fo, _\q Jpssdf Fo aqv
PqX tKm{X-sfbpw, Ah-cpsS ZpjvsNbvXn-If
- psS ê-ambn ]pd-m-p-Ib
- pmbn.
AXn\vtijamWv Hukv, JkvdPv tKm{X- {]ap-J-cmbn amdp-Xv. hnP-b--fpsSbpw bp-ap-X-ep-I-fp-sSbpw hmWn-Py-hn-`-h--fp-sSbpw cq]-n \m\m-`m-K-p\npw A\p-{K-l- Cu tI{\K-cn-bn-tev Hgp-In. Cu A\p-{K-l--smw
Imc-W-m-c- \_n-bm-sWv Ahv icnpw t_m[-yap-m-bn-cp-p, Fnpw
B I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I ùXnI Pohn-X-n-t\m-Sp BIjWw \nanw \_nsb
h[n-m-\mWv {ian--Xv.
Cv \_nbpsS t]cvshv P\-a-[y-n \_nsb If-hmn Ah-X-cn-n-pI
hgn, \_nsb sImmsX sImp--Xn\v t{]cn-n-p--h-cmWv Cs I]-S-hnizm-kn-I. Ahv Cl-n \ny-Xbpw ]c-n AXn-I-Tn-\-amb in-bpamWv Amlp hmKvZw sNbvXn-p--Xv. _Jd: 85, An-km-Av: 91, 145, Xu_: 55,
6468 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
75.
Am-lp-hnt\mSv DS-Sn sNbvX Nne Ah-cpsS Iq-n-epvAmlp

Ahs HuZm-cy-fn\nv R-v \Ip-I-bm-sW-n \nbw
R Zm\-[- \Ip-hcpw, R k-\--fns]hcpw B-bn-sm-m-sav.
76.
Fm Amlp Ahs HuZm-cy--fn\nv Ahv \In-b-tm-
194
JpB\ns Bmhv
tgm, Ah AXp-sImv ]nipv ImWn-pI-bpw, X-fpsS DS-Sn
sb Ah-K-Wn-p-sImv ]nncnbpIbpamWp-m-b-Xv.
Rv kpw ku`m-Kyhpw e`n-p-I-bm-sW-n R Zm\-[ sNbvXp-sImp IqSp-X k-\--fm-bn-o-cp-sav ]d-b I]-S-hn-izm-knI-fpsS asmcp kz`m-h-amWv. Fm Amlp Xs HuZm-cy--fn\nv \Inbm Ah ]nip-amcmhp-Ibpw, P\--tfmSv ]nipv ImWn-mthn I]np-h-cmhpIbpw sNpp. An-km-Av: 37, Ccw \ntj-[n-Ip \nyamb in Hcp-n-sh-n-p-sv Amlp ]d-n-p-v. ap\m-^n-Jq: 10, hnizmkn-Isf hnfnp Amlp ]d-bp-p: \n-fn Hcmp acWw Bk--am-Ip-Xn\papv, \mw \nv \In-b-Xn \np sNe-h-gn-p-I, acWw Bk--am-Iptm I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isftmse \n ]dbpw: Fs \mYm, Fs Ah[n Hcp
\nanjw \on--cn-I-bm-sW-n Rm Jp-Bs\ kXy-s-Sp-p-Ibpw Zm\-[ sNbvXp k-\--fn s]Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-m-sa-v. Fm Ccw
Im^n-dp-Ifpw fzmen-ao--fp-amb ^mkn-Jo-v Amlp Ah km-Zn \cIw
hncp-m-bnp \Ip--Xm-Wv(Ilv^v: 106 t\mp-I). _Jd: 254 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
77.
Atm Ahs\ Ip-ap-p-X

- p-hsc Ah-cpsS lrZ-b
- f
- n Amlp
Im]Syw IpSn-bn-cp-n. Ah-cpsS Am-lp-hn-t\m-Sp DS-SnewL\w
Imc-W-ambpw, Ah Ifhmnsm-n-cpXn\mepw.
78.
\nbw Amlp Ah-cpsS cl-kyhpw cl-kykw`m-j-Whpsamw

Adnbp-h-\msWv Ahv Adn-bnt? \nbw Amlp AZriy-sfmw Adn-bp- k-m\nXs-btm.
aZo-\-bn-ep-m-bn-cp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-IfpsS AtX kz`mhw Xs-bmWv Fmepap I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv D--sXv Jp-B ^pJm-\mbn D]-tbm-K-s-Spp-h
- v a\-n-emmw. hmKvZ
-
- fpw Icm-dp-Ifpw ewLn-p-I, hmb Xpdm
\pW]d-bpI XpS-nb kz`mh ImcWw, Amlp PqX-scbpw I]-S-hn-izm-knI-sfbpw i]n-p-I-bpw AhcpsS lrZ-b--fn Ay-\mhsc Im]Syw \nd-pIbpw sNbvXp. _Jd: 26-27, 255, Ben-Cw-dm: 7576, 187, An-km-Av: 155, Xu_:
30, 42-43 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
79.
kzbw t{]cn-X-cmbn Zm\-[- sNp hnizm-kn-IfpsS t\sc

Ipp-hm-p-I ]d-bp-Ibpw, hfsc XymK-wk-ln-msX Fs-nepw
\Im Ign-hn-m ]mh-sf ]cn-l-kn-p-Ibpw sNp--hcmWh. Amlp Ah-cn \np--h-scbpw ]cn-l-kn-n-cn-p-p,
Ahv thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb inbpapv.
X_qv bpkm-l-v thn ]Ww sNe-h-gn-m Amlp Bhiy-
Au_ (9)
195
stm, ]W-m-cmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Pohn-X-eyw \jvS-s-Xv ImcWw

AXn\nv Hgn-p-am-dp-I-bpw, ap--hsc AXn\v thn t{]cn-n-p-I-bp-amWv
sNbvX-Xv. \njvI-f--cmb kXy-hn-izm-kn-I ]Ww sNe-h-gnm Bth-i-]qw
aptmp h-tXmsS Ch Hmtcm Ipp-hm-p-I ]d-bm XpS-n. Ign-hp--h
X-fpsS Ign-hn-s\mtm As-n AXnIq-Sp-X-emtbm \In-bm AXv t]scSp-m-\m-sWv Cq- Btcm-]n-p. km-n-I-ambn Ign-hv Ipd-h AhcpsS hb-dp-ap-dp-n-bp-m-nb \nm-ckwJy-I- \Ip-Xv ImWptm Cu
I]-Sam ]d-n-cp-Xv "Cu \m]n-bp-am-bn-mWv apl-Zv tdma-m-cpsS tIm
]nSn--S-m t]mIp--Xv' FmWv.
Cv bptam h[tam Hp-an-, t\sc-a-dnv Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-pIbpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp--Xn-\p kwcw-`--fn ]Ww sNe-h-gn- am{XamWpXv. Fm ey-t_m[w \jvS-s ]nip-am-cmb Cs I]Shnizm-kn-I, {]kvXpX Bh-iy-n\p bmsXmpw sNe-h-gnp-I-bn-. C\n
AYhm hXpw \In-bm Xs, AhcpsS ap Imcy-v sNe-h-gn-p{X {]m[m\yw \-ImsX Fs-n-epw \m-]n am{Xambn-cnpw. Zcn-{Zcmb
Bf-pI kw`m-h\ sNbvX ]Ww ssIImcyw sNpXn\pthn, m\-am-\ Ch \pgv Ibdn ]nSn-S-p-Ibpw B kwc-w`s eyw sXnv \in-np--Xp-am-Wv. hnizm-kn-I tinv ]Ww \In-bXv Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tnn-m-\m-sW-n, AXns eyw-sX-nv Ahv t]sc-Sp-pXn\pw Ah-cpsS
m\-am-\-- \ne-\np--Xn\pw thn-bp {]h-\-fmbn-cnpw I]-Shn-izm-knI \S-nemp-I. As\ I]Samv Jp-B amen-\y-am-sWv
Amlp Xu_: 125 ]d-n-p--Xv, Ch- A\z-am-p-I-bm-Wv. Ccw
A{I-an-Iv JpB \jvS-a-msX hn-n-pIbn Fv Ckvdm-Av: 82epw
Ccw I]-Sam-sc Ah-cpsS ]WwsImpw km\sImpw Cl-n
Xs inn-Wsapw, Ah \ntj-[n-I-fmbnsmv Poh shSn-b-W-sa-pamWv Amlp Dt-in-p--sXv Xu_: 55, 85 kq--fnepw ]d-n-p-v. kpa: 5560 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Ben-Cw-dm: 182, AAvdm^v: 37, Xu_: 6768 hni-Zo-IcWw t\m-p-I.
80. \o Ahv s]mdp-e
- ns\ tXSn-bmepw, As-n \o Ahv s]mdp-ens\ tXSn-bn-s-n-epw, C\n \o Ahv Fgp-]Xvhw s]mdp-ens\tXSn-bmepw icn, Amlp Ahv s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-I-bn-
Xs. \nbw Ah Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs ZqX-s\bpw \ntj[nXp sImm-WXv. Ccw sXmSn-Ifmb Hcp P\-Xsb Amlp
kamK-n-tev \bn-pIbnXs.
Am-lp-hns\ ad-p-sImv Po-hn I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv s]mdp--ens\
tXSm ]mSn-s-pw Ah-cpsSta anv \a-kvI-cn--cp-sXpw Xu_: 84
Amlp \_n-tbmSpw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw I]nn-p-v. 73, khIgn-hp-I-fp-ap-]-
196
JpB\ns Bmhv
tbm-Knv Ahs-Xnsc PnlmZv sN-W-sa-pw, Ahsc shdp--W-sa-pw, AhcpsS aSw \c-I-n-te-m-sWpw ]d-n-p-v. Fgp-]-Xn IqSp-X {]mhiyw
s]mdp-n-ens\ tXSn-bm Amlp Ahv s]mdp-psIm-Sp-p-am-bn-cppshn
Rm s]mdp--ens\ tXSp-am-bn-cpp Fv \_n ]d--tm-gmWv ap\m-^n-Jq:
6mw kqw Ah-X-cn--Xv. I-]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-sS Imcy-n \o s]mdp--ens\
tXSp-Xpw, As-n \o s]mdp-ens\ tXSm-Xpw ka-am-Wv, Amlp Ahp
s]mdppsImSppI-bn. \nbw sXmSn-Ifmb Hcp P\-Xsb Amlp
kamK-n-tev \bn-p-I-bnXs. bq\pkv: 33, sXmSn-Ifmb Ccw
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-sS-ta, \n-bw C\n Ah hniz-mknI-fm-hp-I-bns \ns
dns hN\w _m[-Iam-bngnp Fp-]-d-n-p-v. bq\p-kv: 95-97 Iqn-hm-bnp-I. _Jd: 67, 99, ABw: 25-26, AAvdm^v: 175-176, Xu_: 23-24 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
81.
Am-lp-hns ZqXs\(bp--n) A\p-K-an-msX, hnLSnpsImv

honencnpXn Ah DuwsIm-p-hcm-bn-cn-p-p. Amlp-hns amK-n X-fpsS [\ sImpw tZl sImpw
PnlmZv sNp-Xv Ah shdp-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Ah P\-tfmSp ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp, Cu sImSpwNqSn \n Cd-n-ncncp-Xv. Cq--tcmSv ]dbpI, \c-Imn AXn-t\-m NqtS-dn-b-XmIp-pIjvSw Ah eyt_m[w {Kln-p--h-cm-bn-cp-s-n.
82.
Atm Ah Ipdp NncnpsIm-s, A[nIw Ic-p-sIm-pIbpw sNs, Ah km-Zn-v sImn-cnpXn-\v {]Xn-^-e-ambn.
PohnXeyw \jvS-s]-h-cm-bXpsImv, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Cl-tem-Iv

Ifnbpw Nncnbpambn Imew Ign-p-Iq-p--h-cm-Wv. \njv]--hm\mb Amlp
Bscbpw kzK-n-te-tm \c-I-n-tetm Bp-Ibnspw kzKhpw \cIhpsamw Hmtcm-cp-cpw ChnsS km-Zn-t--Xm-sWpap Img-vN-mSv
Ahn-. AAvdm^v: 51 t\mpI. Ah km-Zn-Xv \c-I-am-b-Xn-\m AhtcmSv ]d-bp-I-bmWv: Ipdp Nncn-p-sIm-p-I, \n IqSp-X Ic-bm\mWv hI-bpmnbn-p--Xv Fv.
\_n Pohn-X-n Hcn-epw ]p-ap-gp-h shfn-s-Spnsmv Nncn-n-n.
\_nbpsS Pohn-X-ns Ah-km-\L
-- --n Hcn- Da hon IbdnsNtm \_nbpsS ssII-fn Cu-\p-sIm-p In-enta InS--Xns
]mSv ImWpIbp-mbn. Npp-`m-Kpw t\mn-b-tm Hcp tXmknbpw A]w
DW-nb Imc--bp-w am{Xw I Da, s]mnc-p-sImv tNmZn-p: "A,
Xm Am-lp-hns {]hm-N-I- Xsbt', Atm- \_n Xncnv tNmZnp:
"Fm Datd \n\ntmgpw kwi-b-amtWm'! Da ]dp: "A, tdma, t]jy
N{I-hn-amsc t]mses Xm-sfmcp `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-Wv. Ahv AhnsS
]c-h-Xm-\n-I-fpw \\m-hn[ ]g-hK-fpw Nmcp-a---fpw Fm-hn[ ku`m-Ky--fp-
Au_ (9)
197
ap-v. Ah-cpsS Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS \Zn-I Hgp-In-sIm-n-cn-p-p. A{X-sbm-pan-s-nepw Hcp `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-sb \ne-bn-ep kuI-cy--sf-nepw Xmv
tht Fp- Btem- N nmWv Rm Ic- - X v ' . Atm \_n ]d- p:
"Ahsms Chn-sS-bmWv kzKw, \apv kzKw ]c-tem-I-m-Wv--a-c-W-tmSp-Iq-Sn-bmWv AXp e`n-p-I'. \_n hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv \n ako-lp--m-ens
\cIw sXc-s-Sp-Ww Fv]-dnp-v. bYm-n Ahs \cIw kzKhpw, kzKw \c-I-hp-am-bn-cn-pw. Fm apkvenwI-fns I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I
ako-lp-
- m-ens klm-bn-If
- pw Ahs {]Xo-I
- f
- p-am-bn-cn-pw. AXp-sIm-mWv
Cukm \_n h-tijw hnizm-kn-I Ahsc h[nv An-km-Av: 91, Xu_: 123,
Alvkm-_v: 61 kqfpsS I]\ \S-n-em-p--Xv. apkvenwI-fnse JpB
]Tn-m {ian-m km[m-c-W-m ako-lp--m-ens kzKw sXsc-s-Spv ]c-tem-Iw \jvS-s-Sp-n-b-h-cp-am-bn-cn-pw. Xu_: 50 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
APvav: 43, \nbw Amlp Xs-bmWv Nncn-n-p-Ibpw Ic-bn-n-pIbpw sNp--sXv ]d-n-p-v. An-km-Av: 78-79 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
APvav: 59-62, Am-lp-hns kwkm-c-amb Jp-B-\ns Imcy-n-emtWm \n ApXw Iqdp-X
- v, \n- Nncn-psIm-ncnp-Ibpw Ic-bm-Xn-cn-p-Ib
- p-amtWm?
\n- Jp-Bs\ ]cn-lm-k-ambnv, Pohn-Xeyw \-sv shSn-h---fn
Ign-p-Iq-Sp-I-bmtWm? Atm Am-lp-hns apn am{Xw kpPqZv sNp-I,
Ah-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-cm-hpI Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Ben-Cw-dm: 182,
Ankm-Av: 140, AAvdm^v: 32, 179 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
83.
Atm \ns Amlp Ah-cn-\np Hcp hn`m-K-n-tev Xncnp-sIm-p-hcnIbpw, Ah- \ntmsSmw ]pd-s-Sp-hm kXw tNmZnp-I-bp-am-sW-n, Ah-tcmSp ]d-bp-I: C\n Hcn-epw \n Fs
IqsS hcnItbm FtmsSmw i{Xp-t- fmSv s]mcp-XpItbm CXs.
\nbw \n BZy-hw ]nn-cnp hon-en-cn-m CjvS-s--hcm-Wv. Atm C\n \n ]nn-cn-p hon-encp-h
- t- cm-sSmw Xs
Ccp-p-sIm-p-I.
Am-es hi-n-bm-bn-cp tdma N{I-hn- kok-dns t\cn-p

tat\m--nep aqve-tmfw hcp hssk\ys D]-tcm-[n-m-\mWv
\_nbpw ap-Xn-\m-bn-c-tmfw hcp A\p-bm-bn-I-fpw X_q-n-tev ]pd-s-n-cp-Xv. Fm Am-lp-hns ssk\yw X_q-n Fp-Xn\p appXs D`bw
ImcWw kok ssk\ys ]nh-en-p-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. \_npw A\p-bm-bnIpw bptam D]-tcm-[tam thn-h-n-, Bscbpw `b-s-tS-nbpw hn-.
adnv A\p-bm-bn-Iv th inW \In-sImv Hcpamk-tmfw AhnsS
Xp-I-bpamWp-m-b-Xv.
\_nsb X_q-n-tev A\p-K-an-msX ]nn-cnp\n I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I
IW-p-Iq-n-bn-cp--Xv, X_q-n\nv \_nbpw A\p-bm-bn-I-fpw Xncn-p-h-cn-I-bn-
198
JpB\ns Bmhv
, Ahsc tdma-m hngpnf-bp-sa-m-bn-cpp. Fm bp-sam-p-w t\cnSmsX \_nbpw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw aZo-\-bn Xncn-s-n-b-tm B I]-S-hn-izm-knI-fn Hcp-hn-`mKw, `mhn-bn GsX-nepw bp-n\v ]pd-s-Sp-I-bm-sW-n
Rsfbpw IqsS Iq-W-sav ]d-p. Ah-tcmSv Amlp ]d-bm I]np-Ibm-Wv: \n C\n Hcn-epw Ftm-sSmw hcn-I-tbm Ftm-sSmw bpw
sNp-Itbm sNt--Xn-, \n ]nn-cn-n-cnph-tcm-sSmw BZy-hw Ccnp-d-n-Xpt]mse C\nbpw Ccp-p-sIm-p-I. lnPvd 6mw hjw a-bn-tev
Dwdv ]pd-s \_nbpw Bbn-cn \m\qtdmfw hcp Iqp-Imcpw lpssZ-_n
kn-p-tijw Xncn-p-h
- t- m, {KmaoWAd-_n-If
- n \n-p I]-Sh
- n-izm-knI
]dImcyw ^Xvlv: 11-12 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. ]n-n-cnp\n AAvdm_n-I ]d-bpI Xs sNpw, R-v R-fpsS k-p-sfbpw IpSpw-_mwK-sfbpw {in-m-\p-m-bn-cp-XpsImmWv \n-tfmsSmw ]pd-s-Sm Ignbm-Xn-cp-Xv, AXp-sImv Rpthn amptXSn-bm-epw. Ah \mhpsImv
]d-bp--Xv Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-fnen-m--XmIpp. Ah-tcmSp tNmZn-pI, BcmWv
Amlp \nv Hcp tZmjw As-n Hcp D]-Imcw sNm Dt-in-m
AXn-s\smv XS-bm-\p-Xv? A, Amlp \n-fpsS {]h-\
- s
- fmw hebw
sNbvX {XnIm-e-m-\nbm-Ip-p. A, \n Icp-Xn, {]hm-N-I\pw hnizm-knIfpw Ah-cpsS IpSpw-_mw-K--fn-tev C\n Hcn-epw Xncn-p-h-cn-I-bn-s-v. \nfpsS lrZ-b
- fn AXv As\ Aem-ca
- ms-p. \n hnizm-kn-Isfpdnv
Ghpw Zpjn Nn-bmWv shp-]p-en-b-Xv. \nsfmcp "sIP\-X'- Xs
Bbn-cp--Xp-sImmW-Xv.
^pJm: 17-18, Fm-h-scbpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p hn[n-Zn-hk\mfn, P\-
Amlphns\qSmsX hnfnp {]mn-ncp alm-m-tfmSp tNmZn-p--XmWv: \n-fmtWm Fs Cu ASn-a-Isf hgn-]n-g-n--Xv, AtXm Ah kzbw hgn-]ng--XmtWm? Ah adp-]Sn ]d-bpw: \osb{X ]cnip-, Rv \ns IqSmsX
ap kwc--Iam-scbpw klm-bn-I-sfbpw sXsc-s-Sp-p--Xv tbmPn--Xmbn-cpn-. Fm \o Chpw Ch-cpsS ]qnI ]nXm-ampw Pohn-X -hn-`h \InAh Jp-B-\ns Bibw ad-p-Xphsc, A\ Ah-scmcp
sI -P-\Xbmbn-op. dAvZv: 11, PpapA: 5, ^pJm: 30 kq- Iqn-hm-bnp-I. AAvdm^v: 176 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Cs I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS
at\m-`m-h
- fpw {]h-\
- fpw aZo-\b
- n-ep-m-bn-cp AtX I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-If
- psSXv
Xs-bm-sWv Jp-B\ns\ DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iambn D]-tbm-Kn-m a\-n-em-Ip-Xm-Wv. _Jd: 166-167, A-Bw: 104, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
84. Ah-cn \np Bcp acn-mepw Ah\pthn \o Hcn-epw anv
\a-kvI-cn-cpXv, Ahs J_-dns ASp- \o \np-I-bp-a-cpXv\nbw Ah Amlp-hn-s\bpw Ahs ZqX-s\bpw \ntj-[n-Xn\mepw, Ah ac-W-a-SXv sXm-SnI-fmbnsmm-bXn\mepw.
Au_ (9)
199
I]-S-hn-izm-knI-fpsS t\Xmhmbn-cp A_vZp-m-ln_v\p D_v ac-W-s-tm, hnizm-kn-bmb aI A_vZp \_nbpsS ASpv hv ]nXm-hns ih-pS-hbn-te-mbn \_nbpsS Hcp hkv{Xw Bh-iy-s-SpIbpw Atm \_n AXp
\Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. \_n Xs anv \a-kvIm-cn\v t\XrXzw sImSp--Wsapw A_vZp Bh-iy-s-p. AXn\pw Xm-dmb \_nsb Da in-bmbn
FXnp. Am-lp-hns ZqXtc, C-bn Imcy--sfmw sNbvX Hcp-h-\pthn Xm anv \a-kvI-cn-p-I-bmtWm? Fm \_n ]pn-cn--tX-bp-q.
i{Xp-hn\pw an{X-n\pw Hcp-t]mse Imcp-Wy-ns {]Xo-I-am-bn-cpp \_n.
Anbm-Av: 107 t\mp-I. As\ \_n P\mk \a-kvIm-c-n-\p-thn Fgp-t-tm Cu kqw Ah-X-cnnpsImv Amlp Xs \_nsb t\cn-p
I]-\-{]-Imcw AXn\nv XS-p. XpSp 73mw kqw Ah-X-cn-npsImv,
anv \a-kvI-cn-m-Xn-cp-m am{Xw t]mcm, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfmSpw Ip^v^m-dp-ItfmSpw PnlmZv sN-W-sa-pw Ahsc shdp--W-sapw I]np. Alvcow: 9
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. 113, \_ntm hnizm-kntm Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-fn ]p-tNp apivcnp-Ip-thnAh IpSpw-_-mwK-fns] F{X
ASp--h-cm-sW-nepw icnAh \c-I-ns kl-hm-kn-I-fm-sWv hy-am-bXn-\p-tijw Ahp-thn s]mdp--ens\tS tbmPn--Xsv ]d-snepw
Ah-cpsS J_-dns ASp- \n-cp-sXv ]dn-n. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS
J_-dns ASp-epw inn-s
- P\-XI
- f
- psS {]tZ-ipw(J_-dns ASp-epw)
\ncpsXv \_n ]Tn-n-n-p--ap-v. Alvkm-_v: 1epw, 48epw Jp-B(k-Xyw)
aqSn-sh-p \ntj-[n-I-sfbpw I]-S-hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw A\pkcn--cp-sXv ]d-np-v. Ckm: 24, Atm \ns \mYs hn[nv thn \o an-n-cn-pI, Ah-cn\n-p Ip-hm-fn-I-fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sfbpw As-n \nsI
Im^n-dp-I-sfbpw \o A\p-k-cn-p-Ibpw Acp-Xv Fv ]d-n-pv. _Jd: 99, BenCw-dm: 159, An-km-Av: 63, 91 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
Fm Cv Cu kqw D-cn-p-sImv I]-S-hn-izm-knIpthn
anv \a-kvI-cn-m ]mSn-sv hnizm-kn-I ]d-bp-tm, AsXms am
_lpssZhmcm[Iscpdnv ]d--Xm-Wv FmWv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I ]d-bpI.
Cu kqw aZo- \ - b n- I]- S - h n- i zm- k nIsfpdnv Ah- X - c n- nnpXmsWpt]mepw Ccw I]S, hmSI Cam-ap-Ip Adnbn. I]-Sam-cns]
Nne tNmZn-p-Xm-Wv: AXn-s\-s\bmWv I]-S-hn-izm-knsb Xncn--dnbpI?
Im^ndns\bpw I]-S-hn-izm-knsbbpw hnizm-kn-sbbpsamw Xncn--dn-bm-\p D]I-c-W-amWv Dc--mb, DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iamb, Jp-B\ns Bi-bsapt]mepw
Amlp sImp-If
-
, i]n-, a\p-jycpsSbpw ae-p-If
- p-sSbpw im]-n\p hnt[bcmb, Npa-cn Nmcn-sh hnd-Ip-sIm-n-Iv Adn-bp-I-bn-. C-c-m Aqd:
17, lZo-Zv: 25 Fo kq--fn ]d-{]Imcap Xpemkmbn Jp-B\ns\
sXc- s - S p- m- - h - c m- W v . ap\m- ^ n- J q: 4 Iqn- h m- b n- pI. _Jd: 186mw
kq{]Imcw hnizm-kn-bm-ImsX I- kzo-I-cn--s-Sp-Itbm kzK-n
{]th-in--s-Sp-Itbm C, Fn-cns I]-Shn-izm-kn-I anv \a-kvIm-c-n
200
JpB\ns Bmhv
]s-Sp-p-XpsImv ]pWy-sam-p-an-sv am{X-a, Am-lp-hns\ sIm\w

Imn-b-Xns t]cn anv inn--s-Sp-Ibpw sNpw. Sn-s-Spv kzKn t]mIp hnizm-knv thn Bcpw anv \a-kvI-cn-t--Xn. Fm
Sn-s-Sp-msX \c-I-n-tev t]mb Hcmv thn temI-p ap-gp-h BfpIfpw tNv anv \a-kvI-cn-ntm, temI-p apgp-h kpw sNe-h-gnntm Amlp hg-p--h-\-. Atm ]ns anv \a-kvImcw \n-bn-n-pXv Fn-\mWv FmWv tNmZy-sa-n, hnizm-kn-I hnizm-kn-Iv thn
s]mdp--en-s\- tX-Sn-bma-nv \a-kvI-cn-m Ccp-Iq-pw KpW-apv F-mWp-cw. _Jd: 174176, Ben-Cw-dm: 91, AAvdm^v: 3, 89 t\mpI.
85.
Ah-cpsS kpIfpw km-\

- fpw \ns B-cy-s-Sp-tXn.
\nbw Ah sImv Cl-n Xs Ahsc in-bn AI-s-Sp-W-sa-pw, kXy\n-tj-[n-I-fmbnsmv Xs Ah Poh shSnb-W-sa-p-as{X Amlp Dt-in-pXv.
Xu_: 55, 73, 80 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
86. \n Am-lp-hns\smv hniz-kn-p-Ibpw, Ahs ZqX-t\msSmw PnlmZv sNp-Ibpw sNp-hn Fp I]n-psImv Hcp
kqdv Ah-X-cn--s-m, Ah-cn \np Ign-hp--h \ntmSv
hnp\nm kXw tNmZn-p-Xpw, Rsf hon-en-cn-p--htcm-sSmw Ccn-m hnSpI Fp-]-d-bp--Xp-am-Wv.
87.
Ah hnLSnncnphtcm-sSmw Ccnm-\mWv CjvS-s--Xv. AhcpsS lrZ-b-- ap{Z-sh--s-n-cn-p-p. AXn-\m C\n Ah Hpw

{Kln-p-I-bn- Xs.
Btcm-Kyhpw k-psamw Dm-bnpw \_n-tbm-sSmw Pnlm-Zn ]s-SpmsX, hon Ccn-p A_-e-I-tfmsSmw Ccnm A\p-hmZw tNmZn-p-IbmWv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I sNbvX-Xv. Pohn-X-eyw \jvS-s--Xv sImv t_m[]qw Cu amKw sXc-s-Sp--h-cm-bXn\memWv "Ah hnL-Sn-n-cn-p--htcm-sSmw Ccn-m Xr]vXn-s--h-cmWv' Fv ]d-Xv. As\ Ah e-bnm--hcpw Im-ar-K-s-tmepw \mWn-n-p hn[-n sXmen--n-bp--h-cpambn amdn. AXmWv Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-v ap{Z-sh--s-n-cn-pp, C\n Ah
PohnXey-t_m[w {Kln-p-I-bn- Fp]d--Xns s]mcp. Cp I]-Shn-izm-kn-I-fpsS lrZ-b-fpw ap{Z-sh-n-cn-pp Fv ap\m-^n-Jq: 3 ]d-n-pv. {]]w AXns kp-e\n \ne-\nm-\p {Xmkmb, Jp-B-\ns
Bibw aqSn-sh--Xm-Wv AXn-\p ImcWw. Alvkm-_v: 19, apl--Zv: 20, ap\m-^nJq: 3, lZo-Zv: 16, Aq: 6263 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. _Jd: 67, 99, ABw: 25, 157, AAvdm^v: 175-176, 179 kq--fpsS hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
Au_ (9)
201
88. Fm {]hm-N-I\pw At-l-tm-sSm--ap hnizm-kn-I-fp-am-Is,

X-fpsS k-p-I sImpw ico-c- sImpw PnlmZv sNbvXp.
Aqv Xs-bmWv Fm\Ifpw. Aq Xs-bmWv hnPbw
hcn-p--h-cpw.
A^m : 74-75 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. Cv bptam h[tam C, adnv
Jp-B aqSn-sh-p I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-It- fmSv Jp-B sImp A[n-Ic
- n PnlmZv
am{X-am-Wp--Xv. ^pJm: 52 Amlp ]d-bpp : Atm JpB\ns
Bibw aqSnshp Im^n-dp-Isf \o A\p-k-cn--cpXv. Ah-tcmSv AXp-sImv
A[n-I-cn PnlmZv sNp-I. bqkp^v: 108 Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm
Inpp: CXmWv Fs amKw, Rm \nsf Am-lp-hn-te-mWv hnfn-p-Xv. Rm\pw Fs ]n]p--hcpw DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iamb JpB\ns Bibw
D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--h-cp-am-Ipp. Amlp Gw ]cn-ip\mWv. Rm Ah-\n
bmsXm-n-t\bpw ]p-tNph\p-a-.
Cv DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iamb(ABw : 104) Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-m\pw
]Tn-n-m-\p-amWv imco-cn-Ihpw km-n-I-hp-amb Fm-I-gn-hp-Ifpw D]-tbm-KsSpt-Xv. PohnXeyw a\-kn-em-nb hnizm-kn-I am{Xta AXn\v Xmdm-hp-I-bp-q. {]]w AXns kp-e-\-n \ne-\nm-\p Jp-B-\ns
Bibw kzbw D]-tbm-Kn-mXncn-pIbpw ap--hv D]-tbm-K-nm sImSp-mXn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-IbmsWn, Jp-B D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-I-bpw {]N-cn-n-pIbpw sNp asm-cp-P-\-Xsb Amlp sImp-h-cp--XmWv. apl-Zv: 38-
Amlp ]d-bpp: Amlp Bcp-sSbpw Bh-iy-an-m sFiz-cy-hm\pw \n
Zcn-{Z-cp-amWv. Atm Am-lp-hns\ klm-bn-m(BenCwdm: 52 t\mp-I)
\n Xm-dn-s-n \n-fpsS m\v asmcp P\-Xsb sImp-h-cn-Ibpw
]ns Ah-cpsS sNbvXn-I \n-fp-tS-Xp-t]mse BIm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--XmWv. apl-Zv Am-lp-hns ZqX\mIpp, At-l-tm-sSm--ap hnizm-kn-I-fmhs, Hn\p]nd-In Hmbn Jp-B kp-sf aqSn-sh-p Ip^v^m-dp-ItfmSv ITn-\-lr-Z-b-cmbn s]cp-am-dp--hcpw Ah ]c-kv]cw Imcp-Wy-n hnp--h-cp-am-Wv Fv ^Xlv : 29 ]d-npv. _Jd: 5, 148, An-km-Av: 133,
Xu_: 71, 73 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
89.
Ahv Amlp Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS \Zn-I Hgp-In-sm-n-cn-p

kzK-q-tm-pI Hcp-n-sh-n-p-v. AhcXn \nXy-hm-kn-I-fp-ambn-cn-pw. AXs{X al-mb hnPbw.
kzK-hpw \c-Ihpsamw {]]w cq]-s-Sp-n-b-tXm-sSmw Xs Dm-nbn-p-v. kzK-n krjvSn a\p-jysc `qan-bn--tev \ntbm-KnbXns eyw,
Ah ChnsS Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n I kzKw Jp-B\ns Bibw D]tbm-Kn-p-sImv ]Wn-bm\pw, DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iamb Jp-B\ns Bibw D]-tbmKn-p-sImv \cIw Iv AXns\ Hcp Cu-gop-sIm-s-nepw XS-bm-\p-am-
202
JpB\ns Bmhv
Wv. _Jd: 28, 38, An-km-Av: 1 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. A^Pv: 23-24 kq--fn, \cIw ASp-n-pZn\w a\p-jy\v t_m[ywhcpw, Ah
Jp-B\ns Bibw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-bn-cp-s-n F{X \mbncp-ts\, Hm!
IjvSw, Rm Fs Bbpv shdpsX If--tm Fv hne-]n-p cwKw hnhcn-n-p-v. AXv apn IvsImv ChnSs PohnXw Jp-B-\ns XW-en
Nn-s-Sp-n ChnsS kzKw ]Wnbp-h-cm-Wv- hnizm-kn-I. Ben-Cw-dm: 136,
185, Xu_: 72 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
90. _ZhnAd-_n-I-fn \nph, Ahv bp--n\nv amdn
\nm A\phmZw tNmZn-p-sImv ]e- H--gnhp-I-gnhp-I-fp-ambn hph-tm. kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-sWv Am-lp-hn-t\mSpw Ahs ZqXt\mSpw Iw]d Aq- hon Xs Ccn-pIbpw sNbvXp.
Ah-cn \np \ntj-[n-Isf thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in ]nSn-Iq-SpI
Xs sNpw.
aZo-\-bpsS Npp-`m-K-p {KmaoWcpw acp-`q-hm-kn-I-fp-amb Ad-_n-I-sf-bmWv
"_Zhn-I' sImp-t-in-p-Xv. Cu _ZpAd-_n-I- lpP-dmv: 14-{]Imcw \_nbpsS ASpphv R hniz-knncn-pp Fp-]-d-tm Amlp \_ntbmSv ]d-bm I]n-pp: "\n hnizmkn-I-fm-sWv ]d-tb-, Fm \n apkvenwI-fmsWv ]d-p-sIm-pI, \n-fpsS lrZ-b--fn-tev hnizmkw
(Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw) {]th-in-n-n-s-n-cn-s. \n Am-lp-hn-s\bpw
Ahs ZqX-s\bpw A\p-k-cn-p-I-bm-sW-n \n-fpsS {]h\-sfmpw
]mgm-bn-tm-hp-I-bn-. \nbw Amlp Gsd- s]mdpp--h\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn[nbpw Xs-b-tm. Am-lp-hn-s\bpw dkq-en-s\bpw A\p-k-cn-pI Fm,
Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]n]-p-I- Fv Xsbm-Wv. _Jd: 186, A^m: 24
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Cv Ah-cpsS m\pXv Jp-B\ns Bibw
]Tn-m {ian-m, ImgvNbpw tIhnbpw AXn\v D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m `qcn] apkvenwIfmWv. AAvdm^v: 179 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mp-I. Jp-B\ns Bibw
]Tn-m {ian-msX, R Adn-hn-m--h-cm-sWp kzbw \Sn-pIbpw JpB-\ns Bi-b-n\v hncp--amb Hcp-Po-hnXcoXn \bn-m t{]cn-n-p I]-Shn-izm-kn-I-fmb Ah-cpsS t\Xm-sf A-ambn ]np-S-cp--h-cp-am-W-h. Amlp-hns A[n-ImcmhIm-i--fn ]p-tNp Ccw hnizmknIf-m
apkvenwItfmSv-, Rm Amlp-hns\ IqSm-sX-bp--hpthn Pohn--W-samtWm \n FtmSv I]n-p-Xv, Hm Pmln-ep-Itf? Fv tNmZn-m-\mWv
kpa: 64-- \_n-tbm-Spw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw Amlp I]n-n-p--Xv. Cv
JpB\ns Bibw ]n]-p hnizm-kn-I-fpsS amK-a-m-Xv ]n]p-hsc
\c-I-n thhn-pI Xs sNp-sav An-km-Av: 115-- hmbn-p-I. Im^n
BcmsWpw Ahp in Fm-sWpw a\-n-em-m _Jd: 254, BenCw-dm: 10, An-km-A:v 56, 150 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Jp-B I, tI,
sXm Hcmpw \msf Am-lphns apn HgnhpIgnhv ]d-bm km[y-amhp-I-
Au_ (9)
203
bn-. AXmWv Jp-B \n\v {]am-W-amWv Asn \n\v FXn {]am-Wam-Wv Fv \_n ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcp. _Jd: 38, ABw: 90, 157 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
91.
Zp_-ecpw tcmKn-I-fpw, sNe-hgnmv hI-bn-m--h-cpw bp-n\v

t]mImsX Hgn-p\npXn Ip-anAh Am-lp-hn-t\mSpw
Ahs ZqX-t\mSpw \njvI-f--amb KpW-Imw--bp--h-cm-sW-n.
Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p Ccw kpIr-X-hmamsc
Bt-]n-m bmsXmcp amKhp-an-. Amlp Gsd s]mdp-p-h-\pw Imcp-Wy-ap-S-b-h-\p-a-tm.
CXn\nv HcpImcyw hy-am-Ip-p, tcmKw, Ah-iX, Zmcn{Zyw XpSn

{]Xy--n {]Xn-_--ap--hp Xs, Am-lp-hn-t\mSpw dkq-en-t\mSpw KpWImwbp-h-cm-bn-cn-p-tm am{Xta B {]Xn-_-- Ahv Hgn-I-gn-hmIp-I-bp-q. a\p-jy GsXmcp {]hrn sNp-tmgpw Amlp lrZ-b--fntemWv t\mp--Xv. Ahs Dtiyw A\p-k-cn-mWv B {]hrn {]Xn-êmlam-Ip--Xv. A-Pvav: 39 Amlp ]d-bp-p: a\p-jy\v Ah Dt-inp {]bXv\n-msX C. {]hn--msX C Fv ]d-bmsX {]b-Xv\n--X-msX C
Fp-]-d--Xns s]mcp, Ah-c-h-cpsS {]h-\-v am{X-a, Dt-iya-\pk-cnv ap--h-cpsS {]h-\--fpsS t\-tIm--fpsS Hcp hnlnXw, AXn\p
t{]cn-n-h
- \v {]Xn-êambn e`n-p-sa-m-Wv. An-km-Av: 85 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI. DZm-l-c-W-ambn Hcm tcmKw ImcWw bp-n\pt]mImsX Hgn-p-amdpIbpw
Fm Ahs a\- n Ctm tcmK- a p- m- b Xv \mbn, bp- n
]sSpmsX hnp-\nm Ign-tm Fm-sWn, Ahs\ s\-I-fpsS Ah Adn-bp Amlp ]nSn-Iq-Sp-IXs sNpw. Fm hnizm-knI, Am-lp-hns amK-n-ep PnlmZpw c-km-nXzwhlnp kzKw
t\SepamWv Ghpw henb Pohn-X-eykmm-XvIm-c-sa t_m[-n \nesIm-p--h-cpw, Acw L--fn tcmKw hcmXn-cn-p--Xn-\p-th-n Am-lphn-t\mSv {]mn-p-h-cpamWv. Xu_: 111 t\mp-I. kzK-n Ccw hnizmkn-IfpsS Ah Ben-Cw-dm: 170s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n t\mp-I.
Fm Cv bpan, ]Icw Jp-BsImp PnlmZv am{X-am-Wp-Xv.
Xu_: 73, ^pJm: 52 t\mp-I. Jp-B ]Tn-m\pw ]Tn-n-m\pw k-I-gnhp-Ifpw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp--emWv Cs Ghpw henb Pnlm-Zv. AXmWv ap\m^n-Jq: 9 Amlp ]d--Xv: Hm hnizm-kn-Itf, \n-fpsS [\fpw, km-\fpw JpB\ns Bi-bssmp \nsf XS-bm-Xn-cn--s. \n-fn Bscnepw As\ sNbvXm, Aq- Xs-bmWv PohnXw \jvSs-h. _Jd:
121 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv P\-sf XS-bp-h Am-lp-hns i{Xp--fpw Im^n-dp-I-fp-am-sWv ^pn-e-v: 26-28 epw Acw
I]-S-hn-izm-knIfpsS hmp-tIv Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv ]nn-cnpt]mb
204
JpB\ns Bmhv
km[m-cW apkvenwIfpw Im^n-dpIfm-sWv ^pn-e

- v: 29epw ]d-n-p-v. Ah
\msf ]c-temI-v, Pnp-I-fn\npw a\p-jy-cn \np-ap Acw t\Xmamsc Rsmp ImWn-p-X-cn-I, R Ahsc Imen-\-Sn-bnenv Nhn-nsa-Xnp Hp tZjyw Xo-s, R Cl-n ASn--a-s--h-cm-bn-cp-Xn\m Fpw Ah XpSv ]d-bp--Xm-Wv. _Jd: 166-167 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. Cu cv hn`m-Kw Im^n-dp-Ifn-epw DsSp--cp-sX-mWv ^mnl: 7-mw
kqw ]mcm-bWw sNp-tm hnizm-kn-I a\-nI-cp-tX-Xv. AYhm,
^pJm: 17-18 kq- A\p-k-cnv Jp-B-\ns Bi-bs hnkva-cnv Pohn
Cu P\X Hcp- sI--P-\X Xs-bm-bn-cpp Fv alm-m- ]d-bp P\-Xbnepw, 30-mw kqa\p-k-cnv Fs Cu P\-Xv h ZpKXn Ah Jp-B-\n
\nv Hfn-tm-Sn-bXmsWv {]hm-N-I hn[n-Zn-hkw A\ymbw t_m[n-n-p
P\-X-bn-epw Rsf DsSpcp-sX-mWv a\-n Icp-tX-X.v Atm JpB\ns Bi-b
- n\nv hnizm-knsb Hcmpw XS-bm km[y-a
- . Jp-B\ns
Bibw ]Tn-p--Xn\np HgnIgn-hp-I ]d-bp--h-scmw Im^n-dp-Ifpw \c-In t]mtI--h-cp-am-Wv. ^pJm: 27-30 Iqn-hmbnp-I. _Jd: 38-39, 112,
amCZ: 9091 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
92.
\ns kao-]nv Ah-scbpw IqsS hln--W-sav ]d--tm,

\nsf hln-m F\np km[n-p-I-bn-tm Fv \o adp-]Sn
]dbpIbpw sNbvX-tm, X-fpsS IpIfn\nv Ip-\oscmgpnsmv, kzw sNe-hn bp-n\v t]mIm Ign-bm--Xn
AXn-bmb ZpJ:tmSp-IqSn Xncnpt]mb-h-cpw Bt-]-n\nv
HgnhmIp-p.
\n_-n-Xm-h-- sImpw hml-\w, `-Ww, bptm-]-I-c-W- XpSn-b-h-bpsS Ipdhv sImpw bp-n\v t]mIm Ign-bm--Xns t]cn a\{]bmkw A\p-`-hn-p- Nne-cp-v. Ah Am-lp-hns Da tkh-Iam-cpsS
Iq-n-em-Wv--F-s-m imco-cn-I-ambn Ah-c-Xn ]s-Sp-n-ns-nepw AhcpsS Bmhv B tkh-\-n Xs-bm-Wv. C-c-m-sc-p-dnmWv X_qv
bp-n\nv aS-p-tm \_n A\p-bm-bn-I-tfmSv ]d--Xv:
aZo-\-bn Nne-cp-v, \n ]nn Hmtcm Imsh-n-epw, \n XcWw
sNbvX Hmtcm Xmgvhmc-nepw Ah \n-tfm-sSm--ap-m-bn-cpp. Ah aZo-\bn-em-bn-cnsstbm Fv klm-_n-am B-cy-]qw tNmZn--tm, \_n
]d-p: AsX, aZo-\-bn-em-bn-cns Xs. \n_-n-Xm-h Ahsc XS-psh-n-m-bn-cp-s-n Hcn-epw Ah Hgnp\np-am-bn-cp-n. _Jd: 261,
273, An-km-Av: 100 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
93. \nbw Ip-am-tcm-]n-m amKap--Xpw {]Xn-Imc \S-]-Sn-I kzoIcn-t-Xpw, k--cm-bnpw bpn ]s-Sp-p--Xn\nv hnSpX \Ip-hm \ntmSv At]-n--h-tcm-Sv am{X-am-Wv. ]nn-cnp
Au_ (9)
205
hon-en-cn-p--h-cn Ds]-Sm-\mWv Ah Xr]vXn-s--Xv. Atm

Amlp Ah-cpsS lrZ-b--fn ap{Z-shp, Ah AXns {]XymLmXw Adn-bm--h-cp-am-Ip-p.
ap\m^n-Jq: 7 C-cw I]S-hn-izm-kn-I-sf-Ip-dnv, {]hm-NIs IqsS-bp
hnizm-kn-I {]hm-NI
- \
- n\nv ]nn-cnp t]mIp-Xphsc \n Ahsmcp
km-nI klm-bhpw sN-cp-sX-v ]c-kv]cw ]d-bp--Xm-bnv ]d-n-p.v
Am-lp-hn-sXm-Ipp BIm-i--fp-sSbpw `qan-bp-sSbpw JP-\m-hp-I, ]t I]S-hn-izm-kn-I B hkvXpX {Kln-m--h-cm-Ip-p. 8, R aZo-\-bn Xncns-n-bm {]Xm-]-ap--h {]Xm-]-an-m--hsc AhnsS \nv ]pd-m-pI Xs
sNp-sap B I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I ]d-bp--Xmbn ]d-bp-p. Fm Am-lphn\pw Ahs ZqX\pw hnizm-kn-Ip-amWv {]Xm-]-sa-pw, ]t I]-S-hn-izm-knI AXv Adn-hn-m--h-cmsWpw ]dnp-v. _Jd: 67, Ben-Cw-dm: 79,
Xu_: 42-47, 67-68, 87 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
94.
\n Ah-cpsS ASp- aS-nsb-n-bm Ah ]e-Xcw Hgn-Ign-hp-Ifpw \n-tfmSv ]dbpw. ]d-bp-I: \n Hgn-I-gn-shmpw ]dtb, \nsf R Hcn-epw hniz-kn-p-I-bn Xs. \nbw
\n-fpsS hnh-c Amlp Rp shfn-s-Spnn-cn-pp. `mhn-bn \n-fpsS {]h-\
- Am-lphpw Ahs ZqX\pw
I-dn-p-sIm-pw. ]ns \n aS--s-Sp-I, Hfn-Xpw sXfnXpamb kI-eXpw Adn-bp--h-\n-te-m-Ipp. Atm Ah,
\n FmWv {]hn-p-sIm-n-cp--sXv \n-tfmSv hnhcw ]dp-X-cp--Xpam-Wv.
Adn-nv JpB\ns Bibw aqSn-sh-p, Amlp sImv If

Ccw sXm-Sn-I, CkvdmAv: 13-15, Pmknb: 2829 kq--f-\p-k-cnv Ah-cpsS
]nc-Sn-I-fn _n-n-cn-p Ia-tcJsbIw-]yq-dns\pdnv t_m[-an-m-hcmW.v kzKhpw \c-Ihp-sa-mw Hmtcm-cp-cpw ChnsS ]Wn-b-emWv Pohn-X-ey-sav Xncn--dn-bm--hcpw, \cIw Inp--Xn\v \njv]hm-\mb Am-lp-hnt\tbm, ]nim- N ns\stbm, atsXm- c p krjv S ntbsbm, Ipw ]d- nv
Imcyapm-hp-I-bn-s JpB\ns ap-dn-bnv apJ-hn-es-- -Sp-m--h-cp-am-W-h.
Ben-Cw-dm: 166-167, 179, amCZ: 105, A^m: 37 Xu_: 53-55 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
95. \n Ah-cn-tep Xncn-psN-m, Ah-sc hnsmgn-hm-m
thn, \n- f psS apn Am- l p- h ns\ ]nSnp BW- b np
]dpsImncn-pw. icn, Atm \n Ahsc Hgnhmn
hntpI\nbw Ah amen-\y-am-Ip-p. Ah-cpsS ktXw \c-IhpamIp-pA-h km-Zn-p-sIm-n-cp--Xn\v {]Xn-^-e-ambnsmv.
206
JpB\ns Bmhv
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv Jp-B amen-\y-amsX hn-n-pIbnsv Xu_:

125 ]d-n-p-v. AlmJ: 50 \nbw Cu Jp-B AXns\ aqSn-sh-p-hv Hcp \jvSw Xs-bmsWv ]d-n-p-v. Fm hnizm-kn-Iv AXv
ImcpWyhpw tcmK-i-a-\-hp-am-sWv Ckvdm-Av: 82, ^pn-e-v: 44 kq--fn ]dn-p-v. Jp-B-s\ Ah-K-Wn-XpImc-W-w Ah-cpsS {]h-\--sfmpw kzoIcn--s-Sp-I-bn--sp _Jd: 186 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n t\mp-I. AhcnhnsS kmZn-p-Xv \c-I-ambXn-\m ac-W-tm-Sp-IqSn Ah km-Zn \c-I-n-tep
hnNm-c-W-bn-msX t]mhp--h-cp-am-W-h. B-en-Cw-dm: 182 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
]c-tem-I-n hnizm-kn-Ifpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw Xn \S-p At\z-j-Wfpw hmZ--fp-samw AAvdm^v: 46-47 hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p-v. AAvdm^v: 175176,
Xu_: 5355, 82 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
96.
\n Ahscpdnv Xr]vX-cm-Im thn Ah \ntfmSv BWbn-p-sIm-n-cn-pw. Atm \n Ahscsmv Xr]vXn-s-m

Xs, \nbw Amlp sXmSnI-fmb Hcp P\-Xsbsmv Hcnepw Xr]vXn-s-Sp-I-bn- Xs.
Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-bn am{Xw ap--hsc Xr]vXn-s-Sp-Xphsc Hcmfpw

hnizm-kn-bm-hp-I-bn-sp \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Hcp Ipw Inv a\-p-sIm-snepw B Ipw sNp--hs\ shdp-n-n-s-n ]ns Ah\v ISp-Ip-aWnqw
t]mepw hnizm-kan Fv \_n ]Tn-n-n-cn-p-p. Xu_: 23-24, 80 kq--fpsS
97.
Cu _ZpAd-_n-I \ntj-[-nepw Im]-Sy-nepw IqSp-X ISp-h-cm-Ip-p. Ah Amlp Ahs ZqX\v Ah-X-cn-n-n-p Cu

Zo\ns ]cn-[n-Isf kw_-np Adn-hn-m--h-cm-bn-cn-m Gsd
km[y-X-bp-ap-v. Amlp Fmadn-bp bpn-\
-- tm.
apkvenw kap-Zm-b-nse I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-f-m km[m-c-W-m-cpsS Ah-bmWn-Xv. hnizm-kn-bm-hmsX Hcmfpw kzK-n {]th-in-p-I-bn-. Ben-Cwdm: 102, AAvdm^v: 143 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Cv apkvenamsWv Bth-i-tm-Sp-IqSn Duw \Sn-phcpsS a\-nXn Xs-bm-bn-cpp
Ap aZo-\b
- n-ep _ZpAd-_n-If
- p-sSXpsap ImWmw. lpP-pdm-v: 17 Amlp
]d-bpp: Ah Ckvemw kzoI-cnXv Xs \ntmSv ImWn-p HuZm-cy-ambn
IWm-pp, Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-I: \n Ckvemam-b-Xns\pdnp t\w Fsta ImWn-t-, Fm Am-lp-hmWv \nv hnizm-k
- n-tep hgn ImWnpsImv \nsf A\p-{K-ln-n-p--Xv, \n kXy-hm-Zn-I-fm-sW-n. AYhm
hnizmkw cq]-s-Spn kzKw Hmtcm-cp-cpw ChnsS km-Zn-t--Xm-Wv.
hnizmkw Jp-B\ns samw BibwsImmWv cq]-s-Sp-I. Fgppw hmb\bpw Adn-bm--hpw Jp-B\ns Bibw lrZ-bw-sImv a\-n-em-m Ffp-am-n-bn-p-sv Ja: 17 ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 281, Ben-Cw-dm: 136, ABw:
Au_ (9)
207
90, Xu_: 90 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.

98.
X Am-lp-hns amK-n sNe-h-gn-p--sXpw ]ngbpw

\jvS-hp-ambn IWm-p Nnecpw Cu _ZpAd-_n-I-fpsS Iq-nep-v. \nv h B]pw kw`hn-m Imn-cn-p-I-bm-Wh. Fm Zpc-h Ahv Xsbm-Wv hcmt]mIpXv.
Amlp Fmw tIp k-m-\n-btm.
Ch-cpsS kz-`mhw ^Xvlv: 1213 ]d-n-p-v. Xu_: 83 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. hnizm-kw cq]-s-SmsX \a-kvImcw, t\mv, kImv XpS-nb I-
kzoI-cn-p-I-bn-sv _-Jd: 186, Xu_: 53-54 XpS-nb kq--fn ]d-npv. am{X-a Ahv ]ng-bm-bnv \cIpWvTw e`n-p-sav ^pJm: 65epw
]d- n- p- v . AYhm Bmhv ]s- S p- m icocwsImp GXp
{]hrnpsa-Xnsc \msf Ah-cpsSXs icocw kmyw hln-p-X
- m-Wv. CkvdmAv: 36, ^pn-e-v: 19-24, bmko: 65, knkm: 4 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
Cv, Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn--Ww, Jp-B-\n-msX I--sfmpw
kzoI- c n- - s - S p- I - b n, Jp- B am{X- a mWv Fm{]iv \ - pw ]cn- l mcw
Fsmw ]d-bp hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw ^mPn-dp-Ifpw, Av aZo-\bnse I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw _ZpAd-_n-Ifpw \_n-tbmSpw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw A\phn-n-cp AtX-\bw Xs-bmWv ]pep--sXv Jp-B\ns\ DIm-gvmZm-b-Iambn D]-tbm-Kn-m a\-n-em-hpw. AXn Ah hwi-_-tam, IpSpw_
_-tam, c_-tam Hpw ]cn-K-Wn-p-pan-. CXv Xs-bm-bn-cpp am
apivcnp-I-fp-sSbpw kz`m-hw. BenCwdm: 154, An-km-Av: 142-143, Xu_: 10 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
99.
_ZpAd-_n-I-fn Nne C-s\-bp-ap-v, Am-lp-hnepw Ay-\mfnepw hnizm-kap--h-cpw, X sNe-h-gn-p--Xv Am-lp-hns

kmao]yw e`np--Xn\pw {]hm-N-Is A\p{Kl{]m-\I e`np-X
- n-\p-ap D]m-[nbmp-h
- c
- pamWh. Xo-bmbpw AX-hv
Am-lp-hns kmao]yw e`n-p--Xn-\p D]m[n Xs-bm-Ip-p.
Amlp Ahsc Xs Imcp-Wy-n {]th-in-npI Xs sNpw.
\nbw Amlp Gsd s]mdp-p-- Imcp-Wy--h-m\tm.
Ass: 16-21 kq--fn, Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqnv `\mbn Pohn--hs Nmc-tv kzKw ASp-n-pI Xs sNpw. Ah Xs
[\w sNe-h-gn-v kzbw ipo-I-cn--h-\m-Wv. Atm Ahs at\m-`mhw AXyp-X-\mb, DS-a-bmb Xs dns apJw ktm-j-tm-Sp-IqSn Ip-ap--W-sav am{X-am-bn-cpp. am-cp-sSbpw {]iw-ktbm kn-^n-tm {]Xn-^-e-ambn Ah-\p-tin-n-cp-n-. Atm Ah Xr]vXn-s--h-\m-hpIXs sNpw Fv ]d-npv. _Jd: 177, 265, Ben-Cw-dm: 180, An-km-Av: 6465 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
208
JpB\ns Bmhv
100. kXy- h n- i zm- k - ntev BZy- a mbn aptmph aplm- P n- d p- I fn\npw Akm-dp-I-fn \npap-h-scbpw, Ahsc Ghpw \\n-ev kXy-k--cmbn ]n]-p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-cp-aptm, Amlp
Ahscsmpw Ahs\smv Ahcpw Xr]v X nsn- c n- p- p.
Amlp Ahp-thn kzK-q-tm-p-I Hcp-n-sh-n-p-v.
AXns Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS \Zn-I Hgp-In-sm-n-cn-pw, AhcXn
Fspw \nXy-hm-kn-I-fm-bn-cn-pw. AXp Xs-bmWv al-mb
hnPbw.
km_n-Jo-: hnNm-c-W-bn-msX kzK-n t]mIp--h-cmWv km_n-Jo. Zp\n-bm-hn shpXs Jp-B\ns Bibap]-tbm-Knv hnNm-cW \S-nb-h-cmWv Ah. liv: 18s Bibw Dsm-p-sImv \mtf-p-thn kzKw
ChnsS ]Wn-Xh
- c
- pam-Wv. Ah Jp-B\
- ns BZy-Im-e
- mcn \np Hcp sNdnb
hn`m-Khpw, ]nmemcn\nv hfsc Ipdpt]cpw am{X-amsWv hmJnA: 1014 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. Ahp-thn kzK-ns hmXn-ep-I Xpd-spInS-p-I-bm-sWv kzmZv: 50 ]d-n-p-v. Ah-km\ Ime-L--n
\nph Bcm-sWv _Jd: 3s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v.
aplm-Pn-dp-I: hnizmkw \ne-\np-X
- n\pthn IpSpw_hpw, hoSpw, kpw, \mSp-samw Hgn-hm-n-sImv a-bn\nv \_n-tbm-sSmw aZo-\-bn-tev
Hfn-tmSntmhcmWv aplm-Pn-dp-IFmw shSn--h Fw.
Akm-dp-I: aZo-\-bn aplm-Pndp-Ip A`bw \Inbh-cmWv Akmdp-I. aZo\mhmkn-I-fmb Ah kzbw _pn-ap-p-Isfmpw ]pd-p-Im-Wn-msX
Fmw Am-lp-hn-\p-thn kln-v, kzw a\-ns IpSp-n \np tamNn-Xcmb Ahsc klm-bn-I F-w hcp Akm-dp-I Fp-hn-fn-p-p. liv:
9 Ah-sc-p-dnv Amlp ]d-bpp: aZo-\-bn, apvXs hnizmkw kzoI-cn-hcpw Ah-cn-tev ]mem-b\w sNbvXv sNp--hv hoSp-I Hcp-n-shh-cp-amW-h. Ah \Ip--Xn Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-b-msX asm-cp-t-iyhpw AhcpsS s\-I-fn Dm-bn-cp-n-. kuI-cy- Cm Ah kzbw _pnapv kln-m-sW-nepw ap--hsc DsIm-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. BcmtWm kz-sa
kzmXm]cyn\nv tamNn-X-cm-bXv Atm Aq- am{X-amWv hnPbw
hcn-p-I. hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv: \n Am-lp-hns klm-bn-I-fm-IpI Fv
kz^v: 14- Amlp ]d-bpp. Atm Am-lp-hns\ ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-m\pw Ahc-hsc Xncn--dn-bm\pw Pohn-X-eyw kmm-XvI-cn-m\pw DX-Ip Jp-B-\n-s
lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn-ep Bibw PmXn--a-X--hK--enwK t`-Zat\y temIv
Fnp sImSp-pIhgn Cp--hpw Am-lp-hns klm-bn-I-fm-Im-hp--XmWv. a\p-jyp Am-lp-hns ktiw Fnp sImSp-msX \akvIcnntm,
t\m-\p-jvTn-ntm, `qan-bn-ep k-k-pw e`nv AXv ]Icw \Inbntm
\c-I-in--bn\nv c-s-Sm-sav hnNmcn-m kmyasv BenCwdm: 91,
amCZ: 67 kq--fn\nv a\-nem-mw.
Au_ (9)
209
a\p-jy- samw aqp-hn-`m-K-am-bn-mWv hn[n-Zn-hkw thXn-cn--s-Sp-I Fv

AhmJnA: 7 ]d-bp-p. cm-ashn`mKw heXpIn {Kw Inp heXp-]--m-cmWv. Ahm-JnA: 8, 90-91, _e-Zv: 13-18 t\mpI. Ah Pohn-X-n
IqSp-X tI-Xpw IXpw Nnn-Xp-samw Jp-B\ns Bi-ba
- m-bn-cn-pw. Ah
hnNm-cW
-
- p-tijw kzK-n-tev \bn-s
- -Sp-h
- c
- pw (kpa: 73 t\mp-I) kzKns hmXn Fp-tm apl-Zv \_n hv hmXn Xpd--Xn-\p-tijw
AXn {]th-in-p--hcpam-Wv. aqm-as hn`mKw CS-Xp-In {Kw Inp
CS-Xp-]--m-cmWv. Ahm-JnA: 9, 92, _e-Zv: 19-20 t\mpI. CSXp]-mcn,
Jp-B Inn-bnv kzbw]n]-msX Bibw Adnv AXns\ aqSn-sh-- I]-S-hnizm-kn-Ifpw, Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-msX If-hmn AXns\ Xn--d--h-cp-w
Ds]-Sp--XmWv. ap-Avan: 46, 70 kq-{]-Im-cw, CXn Fm-a-dn-nv aqSnshpIbpw hf-sm-SnpIbpw sNbvX I]-S-hn-izm-knI hnNm-c-W-bn-msX, ^nHus\ t]mse \c-I-n-tep t]mIp--Xm-Wv. An-km-Av: 145 hniZoIcWw
t\mp-I. Jp-B Inn-bnv AXv D]-tbm-K-s-Spn kzK-n-tev t]mIm
{ian-m ap Im^n-dp-I hnNm-c-W-p-tijw \c-I-n-tev sXfn--s-Sp-hcpw, \c-I-ns ]mdm-hp-Im-cpsS tNmZy-pc-ambn, R Jp-B
aqSnsh Im^n-dm-bn-cp-sv kzbw k-Xn-tijw \c-I-n-tev hen-s-dn-bs-Sp--h-cp-am-sWv kpa: 71-72 ]d-n-p-v. Ch cv Iq-cpw ac-W-k-a-bv
R Im^n- d m- b n- c ppshv kz- n- s \- X n- c mbn kmyw hln- p- s av
AAvdm^v 37s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I. ^mXzn: 32- Amlp ]d-bpp:
]ns \psS ASn-a-I-fn \nv \mw sXsc-s-Sp--h {Ks A\--cm-hIm-i-sa-Sp-p. Atm Ah-cn kz-tmSv A{Iaw {]hn--h-cp-v, anXXzw
sImv \oXn]men--hcpw, Am-lp-hns thp-I-sImv \-bn-tev apI-S-h-cp-ap-v. AXp-X-s-bmWv hn A\p-{K-lw. \n-fn Ghpw D-a JpB\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-I-bpw ]Tn-npIbpw sNp--h-\mWv Fv \_n ]Tnn--Xns s]mcpfpw CXpXs-bm-Wv. _Jd: 99, 174, 213, 254, An-km-Av: 140,
amCZ: 119, A^m: 72 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
101. \n-fpsS Nppw hkn-p _Z-pAd_nI-fn [mcmfw I]-S-hn-izmkn-If
- pv. aZo\mcnXsbpw I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-If
- p-v, Im]-Sy-n
Ah Bn-d-n-bn-cn-p-p. \n\v Ahsc Adn-bp-I-bn-, \mw
Ahsc \mbnAdn-bp-h Xs-bmIpp. cp {]mhiyw \mw
Ahsc inn-p-Xpw, ]ns `b--c-amb in-bn-tev Ahsc
XnhnSp-Xp-am-Ip-p.
Hcp PpapAZnhkw \_n JpXp_ \n-ln-p-sIm-n-cns: Cm-en--ht\,
\nbw \o I]-S-hn-izm-knbmWv, \o ]pd-p-t]m-hp-I Fp-]-dpsImv JpXp_
tIp-sIm-n-cp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf ]n-bn \nv ]pd-m-p-I-bp-m-bn.
As\ Ah Xncn-p-t]m-b-tm ]n-bn-tev hcnI-bmbncp Da PpapAv
]s- S p- m Ign- n- - t m, P\- - s fmw ]ncn- p- t ]m- b tm Fp- I - c pXn
210
JpB\ns Bmhv
hnjatm-Sp-IqSn ]n-bn Fnb-tm P\- JpXp_ tIp-sIm-n-cn-pI-bm-Wv, \a-kvImcw Ign-n-n-. Atm hnizmknIfn \nsm-cm ]d-p:
Hm Da, ktm-jn-p-I, Amlp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf thXn-cn Zn\-am-Wn-v.
\_n-bpsS Ime-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf ]n-bn\nv ]pd-m-nbXmWv
Ahp Hm-as in-sb-pw, cm-a-tXv J_-dnse in-bm-sWpw
C_v\p Amkv, Yucn XpS-n-b-h ]d-n-p-v.
Cv Am-lp-hns {]Im-i-amb JpB\ns Bibw Xu_: 32-mw kq{]-Imcw X-fpsS hmb-sImv DuXn-sI-Sp-m I-sInbnd-nb Ch, Amlp-hns {]Im-is ]c-m ]Wn-sSp hniz-mkn-I-fpsS i{Xp--fp-amWv.
ChnsSshv X-fpsS {]Imiw ]qnbmnb hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv, \msf Ah
\n-fpsS {]mIm-ihpw `-W-]m-\ob-n \nv A]hpw Rv \Inbmepw Fv bmNn-pcwKw AAvdm^v: 47--51 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-n
hmbn-p-I. Cl-n GsXmcp kpJw Bkz-Zn-m thn-bmtWm Ah
hnizmkw ssIsh-Snv Im]Syw kzoI-cn-Xv, B sFlnI kpJw Ahv \jvSs-Spw. ]Whpw ]Z-hnbpw {]Xm-]-hp-samw Ahv lo\-Xbpw ]cm-P-b-hp-amWv
\Ip-I. adp-h-iv GsXmcp Bibw ]cm-P-b-sp ImWm\mtWm Ah sImXnp-I-bpw, IpX-{fp]-tbm-Knp XIm {ian-p-Ibpw sNp--Xv, B Bibw
Ah-cpsS B{K-l--sfbpw {ia--sfbpw shp-hn-fn-p-sImv hnPbw h-cn-p-Ibpw
sNpw. Fm-Im-e-p-ap I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Jp-Bs\bpw Am-lp-hn-s\bpw
]cm-P-b-s-Sp-m thn HmSn \S-p--h-cpw, IpX-{- sa\-bp--h-cp-am-Wv.
Fm B IpX-{- Ahv Xs FXn-cmbn amdp-Ibpw, Ah-cpsS [\hpw
km-\-fpw aptJ\ Amlp ChnsSs Ahsc inn-p-I-bpw, As\
Ah Im^n-dm-bn-smv PnhshSn-bp-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. kpa: 5560, ap\m^n-Jq: 48 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. _Jd: 616, 85, An-km-Av: 91, 136-140, 145, amCZ: 82,
Xu_: 55, 67-68 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
102. X-fpsS Ip- \n-tfmSv Gp-]-d thsd Nnecpv. AhcpsS Ifn NneXv \bpw NneXv Xnbpw IqSntXm-Ipp. Ah-cpsS-ta Amlp aS-n-tb-mw (A-h-cpsS ]m-Xm]w
kzoI-cn-t-mw) \nbw Amlp Gsd s]mdp-p-- Icp-Wm-hm-cn[n-btm.
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fn Nne-cpsS kz`m-h-am-Wv Cu kq-n Nn{Xo-I-cn-p-Xv. Ch A-hn-izm-kn-I-fmbn \ne-sIm-p--h-cm-Wv. AXm-bXv ]cn-XnXnbpsS kzm[o-\-m \ntj-[n-I-fpsS he-b-ns]v Ip-{]-h-\--fn
]m-fn-I-fmb-h-cm-Wh. A-c-m B ]cn-X-n-Xn- Cm-Xmbn CkvemanI
hyh \S-n-em-bm B hyh--bn \ne-sIm-p--h-cp-am-Ip-p. Ah-cpsS
{]h-\- \Xpw Nobpw IqSn-e-Xm-Wv. \ ]cn-X-n-Xn-bn Ah
\-I IqSp-X sNbvXv Ah-cpsS Xn-I ambvp-I-f-bp--Xm-Wv. AYhm Ah
\-I {]hn-p-tm Xn-I Am-lp-hn-t\mSv Gp-]-d-bp-I-bpw, As\
Xn-I \-I-fmbn amn-a-dn-m Bmambn {]mn-p--tXm-sSmw
Au_ (9)
211
{]hn-p--Xp-am-Wv. ^pJm: 6870 t\mp-I. _Jd: 160, 208, Ben-Cw-dm: 89,

An-km-Av: 146 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
103. \o Ah-cpsS k-n\nv [w hkq sNbvXv Ahsc ipo-Icn-p-Ibpw, AXp-sImv Ahsc \-bpsS amK-n kwkvI-cnpIbpw sNp-I. \o Ahv thn {]mn-p-Ibpw sNp-I.
\nbw \ns {]m\ Ahv a\:imn \Ip-X
- m-Wv. Amlp
Fmw tIp k-m-\n-b-tm.
ChnsS "kZJ' ([w) sImp-t-in-p-Xv kIm-m-Wv. Ahcn\nv
[w hkq sNp-X
- v, Ahsc ]nim-Nns kz`m-ha
- mb ]nip-v Hgn-hmnsmv
Am-lp-hns kz`m-h-amb DZm-c-X-bn-tev sImphcp--Xn-\p -th-n-bm-Wv. Amlp-hn hniz-kn-v \a-kvImcw \ne-\npp F-Xp-sImv Hcmsf hnizm-knbmbn ]cn-KW
- n-p-Ib
- n-Ah kImv sI mSp-p-IIqSn sNp-Xp-hs
- c. X\nv
Amlp \Inb A\p-{K-l- D]-tbm-Knv kzKw ]Wn-bm-\mWv a\p-jysc
`qan-bn-tev \ntbm-Knnp--Xv. Cu Pohn-X-eyw a\-n-emn {]hn-pI
hnizm-kn-I am{X-am-Wv. Adqw: 39, \n P\--fpsS [\w hn-n-p-Xn-\p-thn F{X]eni -sIm-Sp-mepw Am-lp-hns ASp- AXv hn-p-Ibn-. Fm \n Am-lp-hns apJw {]Xo-n-p-sImmWv kImn\nv
\Ip-sXn Aq-v Amlp Cc-n-n-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xm-Wv Fv ]d-npv. ùXnI ZrjvSn-bn kImv "sImSp-em'-sW-n ]eni "hmem'-Wv.
Fm kImv sImSppwtXmdpw kv hn-p-I-bpw, ]eni hmpwtXmdpw
{]bmkw IqSp-I-bp-amWv sNp-I. CXp-t]mses-bmWv ako-lp--m-ens
\cIw kzK-ambn A-\p-`-h-sSp--Xpw, Ahs kzKw \c-I-ambn A\p`hsSpXpw. hnizm-kn-I Ahs \cIw sXsc-s-Sp--W-samWv \_n ]Tnn-n-p-Xv. CXv Jp-B\ns\ DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iambn D]-tbm-Kn-p hnizm-knIv am{Xta km[n-p-I-bp-q. Fm I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Cu kXyw {Kln-pItbm a\-n-em-pItbm C. ap\m-^n-Jq: 78 Iqn-hm-bn-pI. _Jd: 276, 279,
An-km-Av: 64, 78-79, Xu_: 5, 60, 84-85, 99 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
104. Ahv Adn-bn-t, \nbw Amlp Xs-bmWv Ahs ASn-a-Ifn\nv ]mXm]w kzoI-cn-p--Xpw, Ah-cpsS Zm\-[-
kzoI-cn-p--Xp-sa-v? \nbw Amlp, Ah am{X-amWv Gsd
]m-Xm]w kzoI-cn-p--h\pw Imcp-Wy-a-cp-fph\pw Fpw.
BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsSbpw Ah-n-S-bn-ep Fmn-sbpw DSa Am-lp-hmWv,Ah Xs-bmWv a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw DSa F-t_m-[-n Am-lp-hn-\p-thn
am{Xw Pohn-p Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmWv hnizm-kn-I. `qan-bn, h-cp-tm
sImp-h-cm-Xpw t]mIp-tm sImp-t]m-Im-Xpamb (A-Bw: 94) Fm
A\p-{Kl-fpw D]-tbm-K-s-Spn ChnsS kzKw ]Wn-Xv, ]WnX kzK-n-tev
Xncn-p-t]m-I-emWv Pohn-X-e-yw. AXmWv kzKhmkn-Isfpdnv Ben-Cw-dm:
212
JpB\ns Bmhv
136 Amlp ]d-bp--Xv: {]hn-p--hv Inp {]Xn-êw F{X A\p-{Kl-k-q-w Fv. AAvdm^v: 43, kPZ: 19 kq--fn Ah {]h--n--Xn\p {]Xn-^-e-am-bn-m-W-sXpw ]d-n-pv. \c-Ihpw Ah-c-h ChnsS ]Wnbp-Xm-Wv. AXmWv I]-S-hn-iz-kn-I-fpsS acW ka-bv Amlp ]d-bp--Xv: CXv
\n-fpsS ssII \np-thn Hcp-n-sh--Xm-Ip-p, A-msX Amlp,
\nbw Ahs ASn-a-I-tfmSv A]wt]mepw A\oXnImWn-p-I-bn _J-d: 9495, Ben-Cw-dm: 181182 AAv-dm^:v 150 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
105.
Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpI: \n {]hn-p-sIm-n-cn-phn, Atm \nfpsS {]h\w Am-lphpw Ahs ZqX\pw
hnizm-kn-Ifpw ImWp--Xm-Wv. ]ns \n Hfn-Xpw sXfn-Xp- s amw Adn- b p GI- \ n- t ev aS- - s - S p- Xpw, Atm
\nsfmWv {]hn-p-sIm-n-cp-s
- Xv Ah \n-tfmSv hnhcw
]d-p-X-cp--Xpam-Wv.
Xu_: 94 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. hnizm-kn-bm-sWv hmZn-p Hcp-h

Am-lp-hpw {]hm-NI\pw hnizm-kn-I-fpw AS-p GIkwLtmSv a\-psImsnepw aa-X-bn hn-p-n-s-n, Aht\mSv I-iambn s]cpamtdXm-Wv. AXmWv Xu_: 73, Xlvcow: 9 kq--fneqsS Amlp I]n-np--Xv. hnizm-kn-I Ah-\n\nv kImv kzoI-cn-p-I-bn-, ImcWw AXv
Amlp kzoI-cn-p-I-bn. Xu_: 53-54 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. acn-m Ah-\pthn anv \a-kvI-cn-p-I-tbm, ]m]-tam-N-\-n-\p-thn {]mn-p-Itbm
CAh Hcp kXy-hn-izm-kn-bpsS ]nXmthm amXmthm ktlm-Z-ct\m IpSpw-_n \np ASp--h-t\m B-sW-nepw icn. An-km-Av: 135, Xu_: 23-24, 8485, 113-114 Bibw t\mp-I. Hcp kXy-hn-izm-kn-bn\nmWv A_--n Asn Adn-hn-mbvasImv Ip-I-c-amb hXpw kw`-hn-p-t]m-bsX-n sXp kXn-p]w amp\I-sSpw. A-n-km-Av: 17-18 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I. AbmfpsS Zm\-[- kzoI-cn-p-I-bpw, Abmp-thn {]mn-p-Ibpw sNpw.
Xu_: 102-104 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Hcm hnizm-kn-bmtWm AtXm I]-S-hn-izm-kn-bmtWm Fv Fs\bmWv
Xn-cn--dn-bpI FmWv tNmZy-sa-n, AXn-\p am\-Z-WvU-amWv Jp-B\ns
samw Bi-bw. AXp-sIm-mWv AXn\v ^pJmkXyhpw Ak-Xyhpw, hnizmkn-sbbpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-sbbpw Xncn--dn-bp Dc-vFv-t]-cn-n-cn-p--Xv. _Jd: 185 t\mpI. Ah-c-h-cpsS kov kzK-n-e-mtWm \c-I-n-emtWm Fv
ChnsS shpXs Hmtcm-cp-pw Xocp-am-\n-m-\p am\-ZWvUw Dm-gvNmZm-b-Iamb JpB\ns Bibw Xs-bmWv Fv AAv-dm^v: 203 ]d-npv. Fm-Im-cy-fpw Xqn-t\m-m-\p Xpemkpw Jp-B\ns Bibw
XsbmWv. Aqd: 17, l-Zo-Zv: 25 t\mpI. AXpsImmWv Jp-B\ns Bi-bw
aqSn-sh--h-cpsS {]h-\--sfmw ]mgm-bn-tm-b-Xmbn kpa: 63 ]d-n-p-
Au_ (9)
213
-Xv. AAv-dm^v: 89 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Jp-B\ns Bibw ]n]-pXphsc \n-fn Hcmfpw hnizm-kn-bm-hn-sv \_n ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcpfpw
AXm-Wv. Jp-B Inn-bnv AXp-sImv hyn-Po-hn-X-nepw IpSpw-_-Po-hn-Xnepw kaq-l-Po-hn-X-nepw hn[n-I]n-m--h Xs-bmWv Im^n-dpw A{Ianbpw sXm-Snbp-sav bYm-{Iaw amCZ: 44, 45, 47 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v.
_Jd: 254, Ben-Cw-dm: 10 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
\_n ]Tn-np: \n-bw \n-fpsS {]h-\-(hn-izm-kn-I-fn\n-p-)
kz-mpw _-mpw J_-dpI-fn ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-p-sa-pw, AXv JpB-\n \np sXfn-hns ASn-m-\-n-em-sW-n AXn Ah ktm-jnp-sapw, AXs-n Ah Am-lp-hn-t\mSv: Amlpth, Ahv \ns hgnsv {]hn-m tXmn-n-tWta Fp {]mn-p--XpamWv. Atm
hnizm-kn-I ]nKm-an-Iva-v Jp-B\ns BibamIp kzK-n-tep Snv \Ip-I-bpw, Jp-B\ns Bi-bn-ep PohnXw \bn-m-\p-XIp hn[-n-ep ss]Xr-I-kw-kvIm-c- hnt-p-sIm-p-am-bn-cn-Ww
kzK-n-teph- -et- vXs Xncn-p-t]m-tI-X
- v. _Jd: 261, AAvdm^v:
37-39 t\mpI. Zriy-fpw AZr-iy--fp-a-dn-bp GI {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb
Amlp am{X-am-Wv. Ah Hmtcm-cp-pw Ah-ch
- {]hn-Xns\-p-dnvB
{]h-\- sNp-tm Ah-cpsS s\p-I-fpsS Ahsbmbn-cpp,B
{]h-\--fpsS eysam-bn-cp-p Fsmw ]cn-tim-[nvhnhcw ]d-psIm-Sp-p--Xm-Wv. AYhm Ah-c-h-cpsS ]nc-Sn-I-fn _n-n-n-p ItcJ(Ckvdm-Av :13--15) Ducn-sb-Spv Ah-sc-smv hmbn-nv Ah-cpsS hnNm-cW \SpXm-Wv. Pmknb: 28-29 Amlp ]d-bpp: ]-c-tem-I-v, Fm Hmtcm kap-Zm-bsbpw appIpnb Ah--bn \o ImWp--XmWv. Fm Hmtcm-cp--tcbpw
Ah-c-h-cpsS {]h\ dnmUv t\m-p--Xn\v hnfn--s-Sp-Xpw Ct Zn\w,
\n {]hnpsImn-cp--Xn\v {]Xn-êw Xcp--Xp-am-Wv. CXm \psS
{Kw, AXv \n-fpsS ta bYm -Ah {]Xn-^-ennpw. \nbw \mw
\n {]hn-p--sXmw sImn-sh-p-p-m-bn-cp-p. XpSv 30-31 ,
Atm hniz-kn-p-Ibpw Bhn-izmkw ap--hv Fnp-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp-hsc, Ah-cpsS \mY Xs] \n-p Imcp-Wy-n {]th-in-npw.
AXv am{X-amWv hy-amb hnP-bw. Fm \ntj-[n-I-fm-b-h-tcmSv tNmZn-p-XmWv: \nv Fs kq-fpsS Bibw hni-Zo-I-cnv Xnpmbncp-nt?
Atm \n Fmw XnI--h-sc an Al--cn-p. \n Hcp {`mamcmb P\X Xs-bm-bn-cpp Fv ]d-bsSp--Xpam-Wv.
Npcp--n, Am-lp-hn-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n[n-I-fmb, Am-lphpw {]h-m-N-I\pw hnizm-kn-I-fp-a-S-nb Am-lp-hns kwLns]-Sph am{X-amWv hnPbw hcnp-I(ap-Pm-Zne: 22). Ah Bbn-c
- nsemv
am{Xtabpqshv \_n ]Tn-n-Xv An-km-A:v 118-s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbnpI. Atm a\p-jysc, AhcpsS GgmwL-amb kzKw km-Zn-p--Xn\v
214
JpB\ns Bmhv
thnbmWvv \memwLambn `pan-bn \ntbm-Kn-sn-pXv Fv Jp-B-\ns

Bi-b-n \nv a\-n-em-nb hnizm-knI, ^mnl 4mw kq-n-,
R Pohn-p-Xv \n\v thn-am-{X-amWv. AXn\v \ntmSv am{X-am-Wv R
klmbw tXSp-Xv Fv ]dbp-tm apI-fn hni-Zo-I-cn Am-lp-hns GIkw-L-n s]Sp--tW-sb-mWv lrZ-b-n Icp-tX-Xv. Am-- kwL-S-\I-sfmwXs ]nim-Nns kwL-mcpw \c-I-n ]nim-Nnt\m-sSmw Hcp-an-pIq--s-Sp--h-cp-amWv(ap-Pm-Zne: 19). An-km-Av: 69, amCZ: 56, 105 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
106. Am-lp-hns Xocp-am-\-n-\v {]Xo-n-n-cn-p asmcp Iqcpv.
Amlp Ahsc inn-t-mw, As-n Ah-scsms Ah
aS-n-tbmw(]m-m]w kzoIcn-t-mw)Amlp Fm-a-dn-bp
bpn--\tm.
kqw 118 A\p-k-cnv ]m-m]w kzoI-cn--s hn`m-K-am-Wn-h-. ChcpsS \ne-]mSv kwi-bm-kv]-Z-am-bn-cp-p. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sftm sXp-]-nb hnizmkn-I-sftm Chscpdnp Xocp-am\w -In-pI Ffp--am-bn-cp-n-. AXn-\m
Amlphns \ntZ-i-{]-Imcw \_n Ah-cpsS Imcyn Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-p-Xv
\on-sh-pI-bp-mbn. {XnImem\n-bmb Am-lp-hn- Ah-cpsS \ne-]mSv
kwibmkv]Z-am-bn-cpp Fv CXn\-an-, hnizm-kn-Iv Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-m
am{Xw hkvXp-X-I hy-am-bn-cp-n FmWv kmcw. amCZ: 94 t\mp-I. AnkmAv: 60-63, 88-91 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Fm C,v hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-w Hcn-S-p-an-, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS
kwLfmWv Fm-bn-S
- p-ap-X
- v. B_-ehpw kzm[o-\h
- p-samw AhmWpXv. ako-lp--m hcp-tm I]-S-hn-izm-knI-fpsS Cu kzm[o\w AXns ]mcay-n-se-p--Xm-Wv. Ah-cmWv ako-lp--m-ens\ B\-bn-p-Ibpw klm-bn-pIbpw sNp-I. Cukm\_n h-tijw am{Xta C\n hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwLw cq]s-Sp-I-bp-q. Atmam{XamWv hniz-mkn-Isf hnfnv, \n-fpsS CS-bn-ep
Ip^v^m-dp-Isf sImp-I-f-bpI F Xu_:123 s I\ \S-n hcp-p-I.
AXphsc Hsm-p hnizm-kn-I Xu_:73 s I\- am{Xta \Sn-emt--Xpq. hnizm-kn-IfpsS kwL-ap-s-n Ahv A-[n-Imcw \Ip-sa-pw,
hnizm-kn-Isf Hcp-an-p-Iq-n A-[n-Imcw t\Snbnv AXv \S-n-emm--hcmWv sXmSnIsfpw Aq: 55 ]d-n-p-v. Ben-Cw-dm: 128-129, Xu_: 6768 t\mpI.
107. kXy-{]-NcW-n\v D]-{Zhw sNm-\pw, \ntj-[w \Snem-m\pw, hnizmkn-In-S-bn `nnp krjvSn-m\pw, t\cs Am-lp-hn-t\mSpw
Ahs ZqX-t\mSpw bpw sNbvXn-p Hcp-h\v Xmh-f-samcpm\pambn Hcp ]n \nn Iq-cptm, R \-b-msX asmpw
Dt-in-n-n-sv Ah BW-bnv ]d-bpIbpw sNpp. Fm
\nbw Ah \pW-]d
- b
- p-h
- Xs-bm-sWXn\v Amlp kmn-
Au_ (9)
215
bm-Ip-p.
aZo-\b
- n I]-Sh
- n-izmkn-I \nn "akvPnZpfndm'(D-]{- Z-hI
- c
- a
- mb ]n)s\
pdn-mWv ]d-bp--Xv. \ntj-[hpw Im]-Syhpw [nm-chpw {]N-cn-n-m-\pw,
XuloZvA-m-lp-hns GIXzw- apgp-Po-hnX taJ-e-I-fnepw AwKo-I-cnp sImp
PohnXw{]N-cn-n-p amK-n XS--ap-m-n hnizm-kn-Isf D]-{Zhn-m\pamWv Ah B ]n \nn-n-cp--Xv. \_n aZo-\-bn hcp--Xn\papv JkvdPv
tKm{X-n A_q-B-an Fp-t]-cp Hcp ss{IkvXh ]ptcm-ln-X-\p-m-bn-cpp. Ames thZ-]-WvUn-Xam-cn F-s-n-cp- Cbmv aZo-\-bnepw
]cn-k-c--fn-ep-ap ]ma-c-P-\--fn henb kzm[o\w Dmbn-cp-p. Xu_: 33
{]Imcw \_n kXyw sImph-tm AAvdm^v: 157mw kq-ns Iev-\\-S-n-em-p--Xn\p]Icw, Ahs ]mWvUn-Xyhpw ]utcm-ln-Xyhpw Ahs\
AXns i{Xphmn-opIbm-Wp-m-b-Xv. Atm ABw: 33mw kqn ]d-Xpt]mse Am-lp-hn-s kq--tfmSv hntcm[w ImWn A{I-anbmb Ah \_nsb FXnm I-sI-n-bn-d-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Jpssd-in-I-fpsS
insImpXs Ckvemw Xqs-dnb-s-Sp-sa-p {]Xo-nncp Ah\v _Zv
bp-n Jpssd-in-I Zb-\o-b-ambn ]cm-P-b-s--tXmsS AS-n-bn-cn-m Ignn-. XpSv aZo-\-bn\np ]pd-p-t]mbn Jpssd-in-I-fnepw CXc Ad_n
tKm{X--fnepw Ckveman-s\-Xnsc i-amb {]N-cWw \S-nb Ah-\m-bn-cpp
DlvZv bp-n\pthn apivcn-p-Isf Cf-n-hn-Sp--Xn {][m-\-]v hlnXv.
DlvZv t]m-f-n Chs Bkq-{X-W-n \nan NXnp-gn-I-fn-sem-n
hoWv \_nv apdnhv ]p-Ib
- p-ap-m-bn. \m\m-`m-Kp\npw Cc-n-h kwLsf
aZo-\-bpsSt\sc Alvkm_v bp-n\mbn Cfn hn-Xn-epw, tijw lpss\
bpwhscbp Fm bp-f
- nepw Cu a\pjynimNv apivcn-p-Isf kPohambn
klm-bn-pIbpmbn. ^Xvlv: 29 {]Imcw Co-en ]cm-ainnp hnizmkn-IfpsS i-nsb XSp\nm Atd_y inIsmpw Ign-bn-sp
Xncn--dn Ah, Atd-_y-bn Xe-s]m-nb hn]-ns\pdnv kok-dns\
hnhcw [cn-n-p--Xn\pthn tdman-tep \on. kq-n, t\cs Amlp-hn-t\mSpw Ahs ZqX-t\mSpw bpw sNbvXn-p Hcp-h Fv ]d-Xv Chs\-p-dn-mWv. aZo-\sb A{I-an-m tdmamkm{amPyw Hcpw Iqp--Xm-bp
dntmp-If\p-k-cnv AXns\ {]Xn-tcm-[n-m \_n X_q-n-tev t]mbXv CtX
k`-n-em-bn-cp-p.
A_qBan-dns KqVm-tem-N-\v Iqp-\np-hcmbn-cp-p aZo-\-bnse I]S-hn-izm-knI-. AhcpsS a\--dn A_qBan I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-v {]tXy-Iambn Hcp ]n-bp-m--m t{]cnnp. hnizm-kn-Is-Xnsc KqV-X{w sa\-bp-Xn\v I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv kz-ambn Hcp Xmhfw Dm--em-bn-cpp ]n \namW- ns ]nn- e p eyw. A_qBan- d n\npw ap- a p ktiw
sImvhcphpw Nmcampw IqSmsX, Ai-c-Wpw bm{X-mpw hn{ian-m-\p Hcp-tI-{-hp-ambnmWv AXns\ ]cn-K-Wn-ncpXv.
216
JpB\ns Bmhv
Cv temI-p apnw ]n-I-sfmw Xs aZo-\-bn I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I

\nn ]n-sbtmse, P\-sf Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nv XS-bp- ]nIfm-Wv. Pnv: 18- \nbw ]nI-sfmw Am-lp-hn\pXm-Wv. Atm \n
Am-lp-hn-t\m-sSmw asm-n-t\bpw hnfnv {]mn--cpXv Fv ]d-n-p-v.
_Jd: 176, BenCwdm: 103 kq--fpsS Bi-b-n\v hncp--ambn hnhn[ kwLS-\I-fmbn ]ncnv apivcn--p-I-fmbn Xo kwL-S-\-m-cpsS ]n-If-msX Amlp-hns ]n Cshn-sSbpw ImWm km[n-m Ah--bm-Wp--Xv. abnse akvPn-Zp ld-anse Camw hsc _Jd: 174 {]Imcw hb-dn Xo\n-d-p--hcn Ds]-n-cn-pp. Npcp--n hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwLtam, hnizm-kn-Iv
\a-kvI-cn-m-\p ]ntbm Cp temIv Fhn-sSbpan-. Ah-km-\-Im-ev
Cu Ah--hcpsav Amlp \_nbneqsS ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Ah-cpsS ]n-I
henb ku[-fm-bn-cn-pw, Fm AhnsS kamK-ap-m-hp-I-bn. amCZ: 63,
Cp Hcp ]n-bnepw Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-Itbm ]Tn-n-p-Itbm
sNp-n Fp-am-{X-a-, AXp thW-sav ]d-bp--hsc B ]n-bn-tep
ASpnp-p-an-. Am-lp-hns hoSp-Ifmb ]n-I Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-an-m-Xp-ImcWw Cp ]nim-Nns tI{-fmbn amdn-bn-cn--bm-Wv. bq\p-kv: 87,
Amlp aqkm \_n-tbmSpw lmdq \_n-tbmSpw, CuPn]vXn \n-fpsS P\-Xv
hoSp-I-fp-m-p-I, B hoSv tI{-ambn \a-kvImcw \ne-\np-I, hnizm-kn-Iv
ip`-hm-b-dn-bn-pI Fp-]-d Ah- a\-n-emn, hnizm-kn-I Cv hoSpI-fn kzIp-Spw-_mw-K--tfm-sSmw \a-kvImcw \n-ln-p-I-bmWv th-Xv. ]ca-Im-cp-Wn-Is CjvSZ- m-kam, Rsf \o ap-Jo-v(ap-J
- o- Bscv
_Jd: 2s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n t\mp-I). Cam-am--W-sav {]mn-phcmsWv ^pJm: 74 ]dnpv. Ah Amlp sImp-If
- I]-ShnizmknI-fpsS ]nn\nv \a-kvI-cn-p-I-bn-sv am{X-a, Ahv Cam-ambn \npI-bp-an-. ]Icw Xu_: 73 s I]\ {]Imcw Ah-tcmSv Jp-BsImv A[nI-cn PnlmZv sNp--h-cm-bncnpw. AW--p-]-tbm-Knp Jp-B ISnp]nSn-ncn-m As-n s]mnepw aSbnepw t]mbn acWwhscIgn-p-Iq-m \_n
]Tn-n Ime-am-Wn-Xv. apl-Zv \_n-bpsS D-n\vP\Xv am{X-a- `qan apgph ]f-fn-bmbn Amlp \n-bn-n-psn-cns hnizm-kn-Iv Fhn-sSbpw
\a-kvI-cn-m-hp--Xm-Wv. Fm akvPnZpfndm-dn\v kam-\-amb Cs]n-Ifn \a-kvI-cn-m ]mSn-.
ap\m-^n-Jq: 1mw kqhpw Ah-km-\n-p-Xv, \nbw I]-S-hn-izm-knI Ifhv ]d-bp--h Xs-bm-sWv \nbw Amlp kmyw hln-p-p
F Bi-b-n-em-Wv. _Jd: 114-115, 140, 145, Xu_: 1719 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
108. \o Hcn-epw B sIn-S-n \ncp-Xv. BZy-Zn\wsXmv Am-lphn-t\m-Sp `nbpsS ASn-m-\-n m]n--s ]n-bmWv
Au_ (9)
217
\n\v \np-hm Ghpw A\p-tbm-Py-am-bn-p--Xv. ]cn-ip-n- t\Sm CjvS-s-Sp Bfp-I AXn-em-Wp--Xv. hnip--cm-bn-cn-m
B{K-ln-p P\-sf Amlp CjvS-s-Sp-p-h-tm.
aZo- \ - b n Av cp ]n- I - f m- W pmbn- c p- - X v . akv P nZp_- h nbpw
akvPnZp Jp_mbpw. akvPnZp Jp_m-bpsS Gsd-psd ASp-mWv I]-S-hn-izmkn-I \nn-n-cp akvPnZpfndm. bYm-n aZo-\-bn aqm-a-sXmcp ]nbpsS Bh-iy-ap-m-bn-cp-n-. ag-m-e-pw ssiXy-ap cm{Xn-Ifnepw \ne-hn-ep
]n-I-fn Ap-t\-cs \a-kvIm-c-n\v hp-tN-cm AIse Xma-kn-p
km[m-cW P\-v {]tXy-Inv Zp_-e, tcmKn-I, bp--fn ssIIm-epI \jvSs--h, XpS-n-b-hv hfschnj-a-am-Wv. AXn-\m Rsfmcp ]pXnb
]n-bp-m-m B{K-ln-p-p FmWv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I \_n-sb t_m[nnXv. ]n ]WnXpIgn--tm \_nXs \a-kvImcw \n-lnpsImv ]n
DZvLm-S\w sN-W-sav Cu I]-Sam Bh-iy-s-p. Fm Ctm Rm
bp-k-m-l--fn ap-gp-In-bn-cnpI-bm-sWpw, bpw Ign-p-h-m t\mmsapw ]d-p-sImv \_n AXn\npw Hgnp-am-dn. A\-cw \_nbpw
kwLhpw X_q-n-tep bm{X-bm-bn. tdma-mv apn \_nbpw A\p-bm-bnIfpw ]cm-PbsSp-sav Ddv hniz-kn-n-cp Ah, AtX\nan-jn Xs aZo\-bn I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS t\Xm-hmb A_vZp-m-ln_v\p D_-ns\ cmPm-hmm\p KqV-X{- w sa\-bm B ]n- D]-tbm-Ks
- -Sp-p-Ib
- m-Wp-m-bXv. Xu_:
83 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Fm X_qv kw`hw Ah-cpsS Fm {]Xo-Ifpw sh-n-em-p-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. X_q-n \np aS--th-f-bn \_n
aZo-\--Spp "ZoAh' F e-s-n-b-tm Cu kqw Ah-X-cn-p-Ibp-w, \_n aZo-\-bn {]th-in-p--Xn\p apmbn akvPnZpfndm XIpI-f-bm\mbn Atm Xs GXm\pw t]sc \ntbmKn-p-I-bpap-mbn. Xu_: 74 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
Aq 3537 kq-f
- n Amlp ]d-bpp: ]Sp-p-b-s-Sm Amlp
kXw sImSp, Ahs \maw kvacn--sSp, {]m`mX{]tZm-j -t`-Z-at\y
Ahs\ ]cnipsSpp, Ahs hoSp-I-fn-em-Wv BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS {]Im-iamb Am-lp-hp-X.v Am-lp-hns kvac-W-bp-m-p Jp-B-\ns Bibn\npw \a-kvImcw \ne-\np--Xn\npw kwkvI-cW {]h\w
\SnempXn\npw XfpsS I-h-Stam {Ib-hn-{I-b-tfm XS-b-s-Sm
Nne-B-fp-I- B `-h-\--fn-epv, AhcmIs lrZ-b-fpw Ip-Ifpw kvXw`n-pt]m-Ip Hcp-Zn-h-ks AXn-bmbn`b-sSph-cp-amWv. C-c-w hnizm-kn-Isf
Ipdn-mWv kq-n hnip-c
- m-bn-cn-m B{K-ln-p P\-sf Amlp CjvSs-Sp-p-ht- m Fv ]d-n-p-Xv. BZy-Zn\w sXmv Am-lp-hn-t\m-Sp `nbpsS
ASn-m-\-n m]n--s ]n-bmWv \n\v \np-hm Ghpw A\ptbm-Py-am-bn-p-X
- v Fv ]d-Xv Ccw ]n-Is
- fp-dn-p-amWv. _Jd: 152, amCZ:
218
JpB\ns Bmhv
109. Atm Am-lp-hn-t\m-Sp `n-bnepw kwXr]vXn-bnepw Xs

\namWn\v ASn- - d bn- - h - \ mtWm AX, ASn- a - n- f In
XIphogmt]mIp aWXnbpsS apIfn \namWw \SpIbpw-, AXv Ah-s\bpwsImv \c-Im-n-bn hogp-Ibpw sNbvX
Hcp-h-\mtWm D-a? Ccw A{I-an-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xsb Amlp
kamK-n-tev \bn-p-I-bnXs.
kq-nse "Ppdp^v' F ]Z-ns hnh \Zn-bp-sS Hgp-n ASn-av
\jvSs
- v CSn-p-ho-gmdmbn \np aXn-bmWv. Jp-B\
- ns BibanmsX
Am-lp-hn-t\m-Sp [nm-c-nepw \ntj[nepw sIn--Sp-- {]h-\--sfbmWvv CXneqsS D]-an-n-cn-p--Xv. _Jd: 121 t\mp-I. hnizm-knIf-m--h-scmw
Xs sFln-I-Po-hn-X-s IpsIm-mWv Fm-\nmW {]h-\--fpw \Sp-Xvv. Dd ASn-d
- b
- n-m-X
- n-\m AsXmw Cl-te-Iv shvX
- s XIv
X-cn--W-am-Ip--Xm-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm: 10, Xu_: 55 t\mp-I. Pohn-X-e-yw a\-nemn Pohn-p hnizm-kn-I, Am-lphns kwXr]vXn-t\Sp--Xn\v thn
lrZbw sImv Ah-t\mSv tNmZnpsImpw _plm\mbsXfn-hmbJp-B-\ns
hn[n-hn-e-p-I am\n-p-sImpamWv GsXm-cp{]-hnbpw sNp-I. Bm-hns\ Xncn--dnbmsX GXp{]hrn sNbvXmepw icocw Ah-s\-Xn-cmbn kmyw
hln-p--Xm-Wv. Bm-hns\bpw ico-c-s-bp-samw Xncn--dn-bm-\p D]-I-cWw
Dc-mb Jp-B\ns Bi-b-am-Wv. _Jd: 264265, An-km-Av: 174 t\mp-I.
Alv: 26- Amlp ]d-bpp: \n-bw, Ahv app--hcpw X{ sa\-n-p-v. Fm Amlp Ah-cpsS X{ku[-sf ASn--d-tbmsS
]ngp-sX-dn-p. As\ AXns taqc Ah-cpsS inc-n hoWp. Ah
Duln-pIt]mepw sNbvXn-n-m Zni-I-fn\nv Ah-cp-sS-ta in-I hp`-hn-p. C_vdm-low: 24-25 , ]cn-ip--h-N-\s D]-an-Xpw 26, t-h-N-\s
D]-an-Xpw t\mpI. ap\m-^n-Jq: 4, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf Npa-cn Nmcnsh
thcn- m acsmntbmSmWv D]- a n- n- p- - X v . B kq- n Xs,
Amlphns\ ad Ahsc Amlp sImp-I-f-n-p-spw ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 99 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. AAvdm^v: 176, Am-lp-hns kq-
Xn--d-bp Ccw P\-Xsb D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amwhcm \mb-tbmSv
D]-an-n-cn-p-p. PpapA: 5, Chsc Igp-X-tbmSpw PqX-tcmSpw D]-an-n-cn-p-p.
kqw Ah-km-\n-p--Xv, Ccw A{I-an-I-fmb P\-Xsb Amlp kamKntev \bn-p-I-bn F Bi-b-n-em-Wv. ^pJm: 18-epw, ^Xvlv: 12epw
Jp-B\ns Bibw hnkvacnp Pohn-p Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf Hcp- sI
P\X FmWv ]d-n-p--Xv. ^pJm: 30, hn[n-Znhkw Jp-B\pw sImphv apl-Zv \_n Chs-Xnsc A\ymbw t_m[n-n-p cwKw ]d-n-p-v.
`qansb \in-n-pXn\p ]m]-`mcw Cu P\X hln-t-n-h-cp-sav Alvkm
_v: 72-73 ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 186, 258, An-km-Av: 43, 91, amCZ: 60, A-Bw: 47,
AAvdm^v: 137, Xu_: 19, 23 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Au_ (9)
219
110. Ah ]Sp-p-bnb B \nanXn, lrZ-b--fn Fpw kwibw

P\n- n- p- s Im- t bn- c n- pIbpw, AhcpsS lrZ- b - sf inYn- e ampIbpa-msX asmcp KpWhpw sNp-I-bn-. Am-lp Fm-a-dnbp k-\mb bpn--\tm.
Xu_: 67, 88 t\mp-I. Icp-Xn-qn IpIrXy sNp Am-lphns i{Xpfmb I]-S-hnizmknI An-km-A:v 145 {]Imcw \c-Ins ASn-n t]mIm hn[n--s--h-cmWv. 146- ]d--h AXn\nv Hgn-hmWv.
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I AhcpsS Fm -{]-hn-Isfpdnpw kwibw shp]pep-hcpw Fm- i-_vZ
- fpw Xs-Xn-cm-sWv IcpXn `b-s-Sp-h
- c
- p-am-Wv. liv:
13 t\mp-I. Ddv\Ip kXywsImvJp-B-\ns Bibw sImv hnizmkn-bm-sWv Ddvhcp-m Ah, acWka-bv \nbw R \ntj[n-I
Xs- b m- b n- c p- p- Fv kz- n- s \- X n- c mbn kmyw hln- p- - X m- s Wv
AAv d m^v : 37 ]d- n- p- v . - Hcph hn{Klm- c m[- \ mbn t{]mm- l \w
\IpIbpw Am-lp-hns Zo\n-s\-Xnsc Cd-n-p-ds
- -Sp-Ibpw sNbvXh-\m-sWn
t]mepw Ah Ftm-sg-nepw Jp-B-\ns lrZ-b-ns `mjbnep--B-ibw
a\-n-emn kamKw- kzoI-cnpIqSm-bvIbn. ImcWw Ah Pmln-em-Wv. Ankm-Av: 17 t\mp-I. am{X-a apkvenwI-fm hnIr-X-ams Ckvemans\Iv
sXn-cnmWv Ah A{]-Imcw {]hn-p--Xpw. _Jd: 156-157, Ben-Cwdm: 119, An-km-Av: 133, 161, ABw: 26, 57 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
111. \nbw Amlp hnizm-kn-I-fn\nv Ah-cpsS icocsbpw
AhcpsS [\-sbpw kzK-n\v ]I-c-ambn hne-p-hm-n-bn-cn-pp. Ah Am-lp-hns amK-n bpwsNp-I-bpw h[n-p-Ibpw h[n-s
- -Sp-Ibpw sNp-p. Ahs Cu h
- m-KvZm\w Xudm-nepw
Co-enepw Jp-B-\nepap-Xm-Ip-p. Xm\p-am-bn sNbvX DS-Sn
]men-ph\mbn Am-lp-hn-s\-m am-cpv? Atm \n
Am-lp-hp-ambn \S-n--gn Cu I-h-S-n Bm-Zn-p-sImp-hnAXv am{XamIpp almb hnP-bhpw.
AAvdm^v: 172-173, Xu_: 71-72 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
Ahchscsbpw Amlp Xv \In-bn-p hn`-h--sfmwXsbpw
Am-lp-hns amK-n XyPn-pIhgn kzKw t\SpI F-XmWv Pohn-X-eyw. {]hm-N-Iam-cp-sStbm hnizmknbmb -t\-Xm-hnstbm Iognbpw sNbvXv
c-km-nw hln-phv kzKw \Ip-sa hmKvZw Xudm-nepw
Co-enepw Jp-B\
- nepw am{X-a Fm-{K-
- f
- nepw tcJsSp-nbnpv. _Jd:
2 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Fm Cv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS t\Xmthm kwLtam Cm--Xn\m bptam h[tam c-km-nXztam Hp-an-, adnv Jp-B aqSn-sh \ntj[n-I-tfmSv Jp-BsImv A[n-I-cn PnlmZv am{X-am-Wp--Xv. Ben-Cw-dm: 136,
169-172 An-km-Av: 13, 63 Xu_: 24, 73 hni-Zo-cWw t\mp-I.
220
JpB\ns Bmhv
112. Bhn-m-hnv Am-lp-hn--tev ]m--]np aS-p--h,

Ah-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p--h, Ahs\ am{Xw kvXpXn-p-h, Ah-\p-thn cmPy-k-m-c--fn Gs--h, Ahs apn
Ip\n-bp-h
- , Bhn-m-hnv kmmwKw {]W-an-p-h
- , \sImv I]n-p-I-bpw Xn-sbsmv hntcm-[n-p-Ibpw sNp-h, Am-lp-hns \nba-]c
- n-[n-I kqn-p-h
- , Am-lphp-ambn
I-hSw \S-nb Ccw kXy-hn-izm-kn-Isf ktmj-hm- AdnbnpIbpw sNpI.
Bhn-m-hnv ]m-]n-p--h-scp ]d-m kZm ]m-]np-sIm-n-cn-p--h Fm-Ww. An-km-Av: 31, 137, AAvdm^v: 174 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI. kXy-hn-izmkn kzsbpw [\-s-bp-samw Am-lp-hn\v hnncn-pp Fp -Jp-B-\n hmbn-p-ps-nepw Bibw ]qW-ambn Dsmm-Xv ImcWw, Pohn-Xk
- m-lN
- c
- y-f
- psS k-f
- m Am-lp-hp-ambn sNbvX
Icm Xmm-en-I-ambn adv sXpIp-- sNm-\n-S-h-cpp. Fm hopw
Jp-B-\ns Bibw hmbn-p-I-hgn A{i--bn\nv DWcp-Ibpw Icm-dn\p hn]coXw {]hn-p-t]m-sbp t_m[y-am-hp-Ibpw sNp--tXmsS tJZw A\p-`-hs-Sp-I-bpw, `b-tmsSAm-lp-hn-tev aS-p-Ibpw, amn-c-p-Ibpw sNbvXv Icm
]pXp-p-I F-Xm-Wv hnizm-kn-bpsS kz`m-hw-. AXn\v thn-bmWv hnizm-kn-Iv
Av t\cs \a-kvImcw \n_--am-n-bn-p--Xv. _Jd: 27-28, An-km-Av:
103, A-Avdm^v: 201 , A^m: 24 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Ah Am-lp-hn-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-cm-sWv ]d-m, Amlp-hns\ kvacn-p-sImv Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-cm-Wv Fm-Wv. ^mnl: 4, Ben-Cw-dm: 191 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I. Ftmgpw Am-lphns\ kvXpXn-p--h FXv a\-n-em-m ^mnl: 1s hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I. Xu_ cmw kq-n, Atm \n `qan-bn sskzcambn
k-cn-p-sIm-p-I Fv \ntj-[n-I-sf-p-dnv ]-d-np-v. ap-n: 7mw kqn \nbw \n\v ]I-en kpZoL-amb bm{Xbptm Fv \_ntb A`nkw-t_m-[\w sNbvXv ]d-n-p-v. cmPy-k
- mcn Gs]-SpI Fm tIhew
Npn--d--e Dt-iyw. Am-lp-hns {]oXn eywshp-sIm-pap ]mh-\hpw
D-Xhpamb bm{X-I-fm-WXv. \_n ]Tn-np: Fs kap-Zm-b-ns Imcy-n
"kznbmAv' sImpt-in-p-Xv Am-lp-hns amK-n-ep Pnlm-Zm-Wv. CXv
Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-m\pw ]Tn-n-m-\p-ap bm{Xbm-Wv, AXm-Wtm PnlmZv(^pJm: 52 t\mp-I). A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amb Blmc km-Z-\-ns Bh-iymap bm{X-Ifpw CXn s]Sp--Xm-Wv, ]t "Amlv' F kvac-W-bp-m-bn-cn-Ww. ChnsS Am-lp-hns amK-n-ep km-c-n\p {]m[m\yw sImSp-Xv, hnizm-kn-I-sf Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-tm-sSmw Xs bp-n\v t]mtI-n-h-tm hon Xs NSp-Iq-Snb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf hnain-p-sImmWv.
bYm hnizm-knv Xm hnizm-kn-bm-sWv hmZnp-sImv kz-\m-bn-cn-pI
Au_ (9)
221
km[y-a-, Ah Am-lp-hns hmIyw Dbn-]n-Sn-m hoSp-hn-n-d-p-I-bpw,

AXns Xm]cyw kwc-n-m HmSn \Sp A[zm\]cn-{i-a- \S-p-Ibpw
thWw. AAvdm^v: 100-102 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Fm Cv \mn-sepw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I- hnl-cn-p--Xn-\mepw, tIpXpw ImWp--Xp-samw ]c-te-mIs ad-n-p-Xm-b-Xn-\mepw, Jp-B\ns
Bibw AW--p-]-tbm-Knp ISn-p-]n-Sn-n-cn-m-\mWv hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv \_n lp hnZm-C shvXs ]Tnn-n-p--Xv. AYhm Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tnp-hm\pw ]Tn-np-hm\pw Hgn-sI-bp Imcy-v ]pd-n-d-p-Xv Ign-bp-{X
Npcp-Ww Fw. _Jd: 121, 273, Ben-Cw-dm: 196-197 kq--fpsS hni-ZoI-cWw t\m-p-I. "kmCDu\' F-Xn\v {hX-a-\p-jvTn-p--h-scpw A-ap-v.
\_n ]Tn-np: "kmC-lo-' Xs-bmWv {hX-a-\p-jvTn-p--h. AsX Amlp-hns amK-n Fn\pw Xm-dmhm-\p ]cn-io-e\-n Gs]SpI F
AnemWv AXv. Xlvcow: 5 Amlp ]d-bpp: \o \ns kv{XoIsf
hnhm-l-tam-N\w sNp-I-bm-sW-n \ns \mY Ah-tc-m D-a-amb CWIsfk-kzhpw Am-lp-hn\v kan hnizm-kn-I-fm-b, hW-p-, Ah-\n-tev
tJZn-p-a-S-p-, Am-lp-hn-\p-thn Pohn-p-, {hX-a-\p-nv B-\n-b-{Ww
ssIsIm-p hn[-h-I-fpw, I\y-I-I-fp-am-bn-p- kv{XoIsf--\n\v ]-Icw
XcpXmWv.
"Ftmgpw Ip\n-b-p-h' Fp-]-d-m, \a-kvIm-c-n "dpIq-Av' sNp-h Fp am{X-a, Fm-bvtmgpw Am-lp-hns apn Xe-Ip-\n-p--h
AYhm Jp-B\ns apn ]n-Xm-gvp--h Fm-Wv. Bhn-m-hnv
kmjvSmwKw {]W-an-p--h-scv ]d-m, \a-kvIm-c--fn- kpPqZv sNp--h
Fp-am-{X-a-, Ftmgpw Am-lp-hns\ B{i-bn-p-sImv \ne-sIm-p--h-cpw,
Ahs apn hW-p--h-cpw, sNdp-Xm-Ip--h-cp-am-Wv. Ahs Xr]vXn-bn am{Xw
Xr]vXn-s-Sp-I-bpw Ahs tIm]-n tIm]w ]pep-I-bpw Ahs Xr]vXnbn \Ip-Ibpw Ahs AXr-]vXn-bn \Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNph, AYhm
Ah-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-sc-m-Wv. _Jd: 58, Ben-Cw-dm: 200, AAvdm^v:
206 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I. \sImv I]n-p-I, Xnsbsmv hntcm-[npI Fp-]d
-
m, Jp-B\ns I-\I
- In-p-Ib
- pw Jp-B\ns hntcm[- hntcm-[n-p-Ibpw sN-em-Wv. Xu_: 71-72 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Amlp-hns \nb-a-]-cn-[n-I kqn-p--hscv ]d-m Jp-B\ns hn[n-hn-ep-I kqn-p--h-sc-w. Alvkm_v: 35, apAvan\q: 111 Iqn-hm-bn-pI.
Ben-Cw-dm: 14-17, 110, An-km-Av: 13-14, Xu_: 23-24 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Ccw kXy-hn-izm-kn-Isf ktmj-hm-b-dnbnpIbpw sNpI F Bib-n Ah-km-\n-p kq-amWv kz^v^v: 13.
113. Am-lp-hn-s A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp apivcnpIv s]mdp-ens\ tXSp-Xv, {]hm-N-I\pw kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-pw
222
JpB\ns Bmhv
tbmPn--X XsA-h IpSpw-_--fn\nv F{X- ASphcm-sWnepw icn, Ah \c-I-ns kl-hm-kn-I-fm-sW Imcyw shfns-Xn\v tijw.
Xs Bdm-as hb-n acn amXm-hns J_-dn- t]mbn s]mdp-ens\ tXSp--Xn-\p-thn \_n Am-lp-hn-t\mSv kXw tNmZn--tm hne-nsmv Ah-Xc
- n- kq-am-WnXv. _-Jd: 272 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mp-I. Ckvemans
BZy-Im-e-v J_ ki\w \njn--am-n-bn-cpp. ImcWw Av \lv: 20-21
kq--f-n ]cm-ain-np J_ ki-\-am-bn-cpp \ne-hn-ep-m-bn-cp-Xv.
_-Jd: 154 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. "aqkhn' ico-A--\p-k-cnv Pohn-m ISa-s-h-fm-bn-cp- amXmhv A{]-Imcw Pohn-m--Xn-\m \_nv s]mdp--ens\ tXSm
A\p-a-Xn- \IpIbpmbn. \_n-amtm hnizm-kn-Itm IpSpw-_-n \nv
F{X-b-Sphcm-sWnepw ap-l-Zv \_n-bp-sS amXm-hm-I-s, C-_vdmlow \_nbpsS ]nXm-hm-I-s, \qlv \_n-bp-sS aI-\m-hs, eqv, \qlv \_namcpsS `mcy-amcm-hs, Bcm-sW-nepwicn Ah Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-c-mh-Im-i--fn ]ptN-h-cpw, \c-I-ns Ah-Im-in-I-fp-am-sWv hy-am-bn--gn-m ]ns
Ahp-thn s]mdp--ens\ tXS tbmPn--X Xs F kqw Ah-X-cnnpI-bpw, J_ ki-\-n-\v AXv \n\v ac-W-`bw Dm-n-tb-p-sa--Xn\m A\p-h-Zn-n-cn-pp Fp A\p-hmZw \IpIbpw sNbvXp. AtXm-Sp-IqSn
BZy-L--n hntcm-[n-n-cp J_ ki\w {]hm-N-I hnizm-kn-Iv A\ph-Z\obamp-I-bp-mbn. Fm Cv apkvenwI BZy-L--s Pmln-en--nt\-m IqSp-X Fm cwK--fnepw Ccp-nembXn-\m J_ ki\w KpWt-mf[nIw tZmj-amWv sNp-I.
Cv apkvenwI-fn A[n-Ihpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw ^mPn-dp-I-fp-am-b-Xn-\m
Ahv s]mdp--ens\ tXS \njn--hp-am-Wv. Jp-B\ns XW-en-e-m Hcp
_hpw Ckveman A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-. kqd: apl-Zv: 19- Amlp ]d-bpp:
Atm \o Adnncn-p-I, \nbw Imcyw, Am-lp-h-msX asmcp Cem-lpan Xs. \ns ]m]-n\pw hnizm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jam-cp-sSbpw kv{XoI-fp-sSbpw
]m]-n\pw \o s]mdp--ens\tSp-I. \n-fpsS Cl-n-ep ]mn-S-hpw,
Ana-ktXhpw Adn-bp--h- Xsbm-Wv Amlp. kqd: \qlv: 28 \qlv
\_n {]mnp-Xv: Fs \mYm, F\npw Fs amXm--]n-Xm-pw, Fs
hon-ep hnizmkn-I-fn\np--hpw, hnizm-kn-I-fmb Fm ]pcp-jampw
kv{XoIpw \o s]mdp-p-X-cn-I, A{I-an-Iv \-a-msX hnnp-I-bp-a-cpXv Fm-Wv. "hon\n-p hnizm-kn-Iv' Fp-]-d--Xn\npw hnizm-knI-f-m Hcp aI\pw `mcybpw CXn\nv Hgn-hmWv Fw. Ckvdm-Av: 82-,
Jp-B hnizm-kn-Iv tcmK-i-a-\hpw Imcp-Wy-hp-amsWpw, Fm A{IanIXv \-a
- msX hnnp-Ib
- n-spw ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B\
- ns Bibw
]n]-p-I-bpw, AXp-sImv hyn-Po-hn-X-nepw IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-n-epw kaq-lPo-hn-X-nepw hn[n-I]n-p-Ibpw sNp hnizm-kn-Iv am{Xta s]mdp--
Au_ (9)
223
ens\tSm ]mSp-q. Jp-B Inn-bnv AXp-sImv hn[n-I]n-m bYm{Iaw amCZ: 44, 45, 47 kq--fn ]d Im^n-dp-Ipw A{I-an-Ipw [nmcn-Ipw s]mdpens\tSm ]mSn-. _Jd: 186, Ben-Cw-dm: 102, 196-197,
An-km-A:v 48-52 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
I]-S-hn-izmkn-Ipw apivcnp-Ipw thn {]mn-p--Xn-\, adnv
"\o \ns \ntj-[-hpw-sImv Ipd-p-Imew kpJn-p-I, \nbw \o \c-I-ns
kl-hm-kn-I-fn s]-h Xs-bm-Wv Fv ]d-bm-\mWv kpa: 8 Amlp
\_n-tbmSpw hnizm-kn--tbmSpw I]n-pXv. C_vdm-low: 30- Amlp ]d-bpp:
\ntj-[n-I Am-lp-hns amK--n \nv P\-sf hgn-]n-g-n-p--Xn-\p-thn
Ah\v kaamsc Dm-n-bn-cn-p-p. Ah-tcmSv ]d-bm \_n-tbmSpw hnizm-kntbmSpw Inpp: \n kpJn-p-I, \n-fpsS aSw \c-I-n-tev Xsbm-Ip-p. apkz-em-v: 46- Amlp ]d-bpp: Jp-Bs\ Xn--d--hmWv
hn[n-Zn-hkw \c-I-nse "ssh' F sNcp-hv. \n Cl-n Ipd-p-Imew
Xnp-Ibpw kpJn-p-Ibpw sNp-I, \nbw \n {`mam Xs-bm-Wv. \cI-n-te-p--h-sc-bpw kzK-n-te-p--h-scbpw Xncn--dn-bm-\p D]-I-c-W-amWv
Xpem-kmb, DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iamb Jp-B-\ns lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn-ep Bibw.
An-km-Av: 135, A-Bw: 104, 151-152, 157, Xu_: 23-24, 80, 84-85 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
114. C_vdmlow At-l-ns ]nXm-hn-\p-thn ]m]-tam-N\w tXSnbXv
Atlw ]nXm-hn-t\mSp sNbvsXmcp hmKvZm\-ns t]cn-e
- msX Bbncp-n-. Xs ]nXmhv Am-lp-hns i{Xp-hm-sW kwKXn At-ln\v hy-am-b-tm Atlw ]nXmhp-am-bp _n \np
hnap--\m-bn. \nbw C_vdmlow Bhn-m-hnv ]m-X-]np--h-\pw, B{Z-X-bp kl-\-io-e\pam-bn-cpp.
adn-bw: 46, C_vdmlow \_n- ]n-Xm-hns\ ]c-aI
- m-cp-Wn-I\
- n-tev hnfntm,
]nXmhv C_vdmlow \_n-tbmSv: Hm C_vdmlow! \o Fs Cem-lp-Isf shdp-p-IbmtWm? \o AXn\nv hnc-an-n-n-s-n Rm \ns Is-dn-bp-I-bpw, \ns
]msS shSnbp-Ibpw sNpsav ]d--tm C_vdmlow ]d-p: Rm Fs
dn-t\mSv Xmp-thn s]mdp--ens\ tXSpI Xs sNpw, \nbw Ah
FtmSv hfsc I\n-hp-h-\m-Ip-p. apwX-ln\: 4, Rm Xo-bmbpw AbpsS ]m]-tam-N-\-n-\p-thn {]mn-pI Xs sNpw, ]t Am-lphn\nv Xmv Fs-nepw t\Sn--cnI Fs Ign-hn s]-X- Fv ]dn-pv. Cu hmKvZm-\s Bkv]-Z-amn C_vdmlow \_n ]nXm-hn-\p-thn
Ap-A-dm-Av: 86-89 kq--f-\pk-cnv C{]-Imcw {]mn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp, Fs
]nXm-hn\p s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-t-W-ta, \nbw Atlw hgn-]n-g--h-cpsS Iq-nem-Ip-p. P\n-- Ah--bn- ip-lr-Z-b-\mbn h-h-\-msX c-bn-m,
ktm km-\-tfm {]tbm-P-\-s-Sm, ]p\-cp-m-\ \mfn Fs \o \ny-
224
JpB\ns Bmhv
\m-m-Xn-cp-m-epw. Fm ]noSv ]nXmhv Am-lp-hns i{Xp-hm-sW--dn-tm ]nXm-hn\v s]mdp--ens\ tXSn-b-Xv sXm-sWv a\-n-emn Am-lp-hnt\mSv tJZnp aS-p-I-bp-am-Wp-m-b-Xv.
"Amlv' F ]Z-n\v ZoL \nizm-k-an-Sp--h, hne-]n-p--h, `b-sSp--h, Zp:JnX, tJZn-p--h Fs-m-w Bibapv. "leow' F ]Z-n\v
B-\n-b-{-W-aph, kl-\-io-e, anXXzw shSnbm-h Fs-mw Bib-apv. lqZv: 75-76, apwX-ln\: 36 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. ABw: 88-90,
AAvdm^v:194-195, Xu_: 34, 8485 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
115. P\-v kamKw \In-b-Xn-\p-tijw Ah kzoI-cn-t-Xpw
Hgn-hmtXpamb kwK-Xn-I GsXp hy-amnsmSp-msX
Ahsc hgn-sX-n-pI FXv Am-lp-hns Np-cyb-. \nbw
Amlp Fm Hmtcm Imcy-sfpdnpw Adnhp-h Xs-bmIpp.
kzK-n-te-p GI-h-gnbpw \c-I-n-te-p hnhn[hgn-Ifpw AS-nb
Jp-B\
- ns Bibw Amlp a\p-jy-sc-sbmw kzK-n krjvSn-t- m Xs
]Tn-n-n-p-sp Ad-lvam: 14, Aw-kv: 710, Ckm: 3 XpS-nb kq-fnsemw ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 28 t\mpI. AXm-bXv P\- GsXmw NnmK-Xn-Ifpw I-amK-hpam-Wv ]np-S-tc--sXpw Hgn-hm-t--sXpw Amlp
BZyta hy-amn sImSp-np-sv kmcw. Jnbma: 14-15 kq--fn, a\pjy Fp Hgn-I-gnhp ]d-mepw icn, Ahs\pdnv Ah\v icnpw ImgvN-mSp--h-\m-sW-v ]d-Xns hnh Ah hnizm-kn-bmtWm \ntj-[n-bmtWm
Fv Ahs a\:kmnv icnpw Xncn--dnbmw FmWv. Atm ip-{]-IrXn-bn apkvenambn P\n-p a\p-jy\v kzK-n-tev Xs Xncn-p-t]m-Im\p Snmb Ckm: 29 ]d Jp-B\ns Bibw, ]Xn-\p hbn\papv, Xsf G]n Am-lp-hns krjvSn-I-fmb asf ]Tn-n- amXm]n-Xm--fpsS IS-a-bm-Wv. Am--]w \c-I-nshp a amXm-]n-Xm-sf
]gn-p cwKw AAvdm^v: 38s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I. AXmWv, Fmhcpw CkvemanemWv{]Ir-Xn-bn-emWvP\n-p--Xv Fv \_n ]Tn-n--Xns
s]mcp B-en-Cw-dm: 19 t\mpI. ]ns Ah-cpsS amXm-]n-Xm--fmWv Ahsc
PqX-\pw ss{IkvX-h\pw aPq-knbpw hnhn[ kwL-S-\-m-cp-samw Bp--Xv.
As\ Hcp kap-Zm-b-n Amlp Xr]vXn-shgn Pohn-p-Im-Wn-psImSpp
Hcp hynbpw C-mXmIptm Amlp Ahcn-tev {]hm-N-Is\ ZnIvdpwsImv
Ab- p- p. B {]hm- N - I amscbpw thZ- { K- sbpw ]n]- p- - h
kamKnepw AXns\ Ah-K-Wnv ImImc-W-ham-cpsSbpw `qcn-]-nsbpw Ncy-]n]-p--h ZpamK-n-ep-am-Wv. _-Jd: 170-171 t\mp-I.
\njv]--hm-\mb Amlp kamKhpw ZpamKhpw sXsc-s-Sp-m
Hmtcm-cp-pw kzmX{yw \In-bn-p-v. a\p-jy- Bcm-sW-pw, Pohn-X-e-
Au_ (9)
225
y-sa-m-sW-pw, `qan-bn Ah-s \ntbm-K-ns XmXv]-cy-sa-m-sWpw lrZb-ns `mj-bn DWn-bnv, BcmtWm {kjvSm-hns\ kvacn-p-sImpw B{ibn-p-sIm-pw {kjvSm-hn-t\mSv am{Xw Ftmgpw kamKhpw klm-bhpw tXSnsImpw \ne-sIm-p--Xv, Ahv kamKhpw hnizm-khpw hn-n-p-sIm-Sppw. Fm Am-lp-hns\ ad-, kzs ad-, Pohn-X-eyw ad [nm-cnIfmb \ntj-[n-Iv Ah-cpsS [nm-c-n apgpIn Pohn-m\pw DXhn \IpXmWv. _Jd: 2, 38, 213, amCZ: 48, A-Bw: 47, 90, 157, AAvdm^v: 89, 3740,
A^m: 29 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
116. \nbw Am-lp, Ah-m-Ipp BIm-i--fp-sSbpw `qan-bp-sSbpw
B[n-]-Xyw. Pohn-n-p-Ibpw acn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-Xpw Ah
Xs. Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsX \nsmcp kwc--It\m klmbntbm C Xs.
kPZ: 4- Amlp ]d-bpp: BIm-i-`q-an-I-tfbpw Ahbv-n-S-bn-ep \nf-S--ap k-h-kvXp--sf-bpw Bdp-\m-fn krjvSn--h-\m-Ipp Amlp. ]ns
Ah B[n-]Xyw Gs-Spv kzbw D]-hn-jvS-\mbn. \nv Ahs\ IqSmsX
kwc--I-cn \nv Bcpw ip]mi-m-cn\nv Bcpw C Xs. Atm
\n lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn ap--hsc DWp-n--tbm? kz^v^v: 14-
hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv Amlp ]d-bpp: \n Am-lp-hns klm-bn-Ifmhp-I.
Jp-B-\ns Bibw lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn ap--hcntev Fn-p-sIm-Sp-pI
hgn Am-lp-hns\ ]cnN-b-s-Sp--emWv Am-lp-hns\ klm-bn-pI FXv
sImptin-p-Xv. AYhm amCZ: 67 A\p-kc
- nv Ahs Iv a\p-jyv Fnp-sIm-Sp--em-W-Xv. Am-lp-hns\ Is--emWv Pohn-X-eysav An-kmA:v 1 ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 255, Ben-Cw-dm: 52, An-km-Av: 131-133, kqfpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
117. \nbambpw {]hm-N-Isbpw, {]bmk-ns ka-bfn Atls ]n]-nb aplm-Pn-dp-IfpsSbpw Akm-dp-IfpsSbpw-ta
Amlp aS-n-bn-cn-p-p. Ah-cn\np Hcphn`mKns lrZb- sXntmIm-dm-bn-cp-s-nepw, ]ns Amlp Ahscsmv
aS-n. \nbw Ah Ah-tcmSv Ir]-mephmb ImcpWyhm\tm.
X_qv bp-th-f-bn \_nbn\npw A\p-bm-bn-I-fn\npw hp-t]mb
hogvN-I-sfmw Amlp amp-sN-bvXp-sIm-Sp-n-cn-pp Fw. \_nbn
\np-mb hogvNsbn kqw 43 ]cm-ain-n-p-v. Ign-hp-m-bnpw bpn\nv ]namdn \nm A\p-hmZw tNmZn--hv A\p-hmZw \In-b-Xmbn-cpp AXv. kqw 61 Iqn-hm-bn-pI. lrZ-b-n kXy-hn-izmkw IpSn-sImpI-bpw Bm-ambn kXy-Zo-\ns\ kvt\ln-pIbpw sNbvXncp- klm-_nI- f n Nne t]mepw, bp- n\v t]mIm- X n- c n- m Fs- nepw HgnI- g nhv
Ism Nnn-pt]m-b-Xmbn kqw 39-40 s A`n-kw-t_m-[-\-n \nv
226
JpB\ns Bmhv
a\-n-emmw. Ah-cpsS Dn-ep Imcy-- shfn-hmnsm-v kqand-nb-tm, lrZ-b--fpsS Ah--b-dn-bp Am-lp-hn \nv Hpw adp-sh-m
km[n-p-I-bn-sv a\-n-em-n Ah ]m--]nv Ahsc ipo-I-cn-tm
Amlp Ah-cpsS ]m-m]w kzoI-cn-p. kzKhpw \c-Ihpw ChnsS Hmtcm-cpcpw kzbw ]Wn-tb--Xm-sWv Ahv t_m[y-am-hpIbpw Ah kzKw ]Wnbm k--cm-hpI-bpw sNbvXp. Ah-v h{I-X-bn-te-smcp Nmbvhv Dmbn
F-Xns t]cn C\n Amlp Ahsc tNmZyw sNp-I-bn. \njv]--hm-\mb
Amlp a\p- j y kzbw ]cn- l - c n hogv N - b psS t]cn \S- ] - S n- s b- S pph\Xs. _Jd: 218, An-km-Av: 95-96, A-Bw: 155-157, A^m: 72,
Xu_: 100 t\mpI.
118. Xocp-am\w \nn-sh--s-n-cp B aqp Bfp-IfpsS- ta-enepw
(Ah aSn-bn-cn-p-p). `qan AXns Fm hnim-e-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn
Xs Ahv IpSp-mbn, Ah-cpsS Bm-hpIt]mepw Ahv
henb `mc-ambn A\p-`h
- s
- p. Am-lp-hn\nv Ah-\n-tev XsXncn-bp-I-b-msX asmcp A`-b-m-\hpw Csv Ahv t_m[yam-hp-I-bpw- sN-bvXp. ]ns Ah ]m--]np aS-p-Xn-\p-thn
Amlp Ahscsms aS-n(]-m-m-]-n\v DXhn \In),
\nbw Amlp Gsd ]m- m]w kzoI- c n- p- - Imcp- W yhmXsbtm.
kqw 106 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I. \_n X_q-n\nv aZo-\-bn aS-nsb-n-b-tm bp-n ]s-Sp-m-Xn-cp--h Hmtcm-cp--cmbn Hgn-I-gnhv t_m[nn-m hpXpSn. Ah-cn A[nIt]cpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmbn-cpp. Ah
Hmtcm Hgn-I-gn-hpI kan-p-Ibpw, \_n AsXmw kzoI-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-pIbpw sNbvXp. Fm kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fmbn aqv t] Ahn-S-bn s]p-t]mbn-cpp. AhcpsS Dugw h-tm X-fpsS hogvN Ah hy-ambn Gp-]-d-bpI-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. \_n Ahscpdn-p Xocp-am\w amn-sh-pI-bpw, Am-lphns hn[n hcp--Xp-h-sc hnizm-kn-I Ah-cp-ambn Hcp-\n-epw Hcp _-hpw
]pe-cp-sXv \ntZ-in-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu {]iv\-n Xocp-am\w \Insm-mWv Cu kqw Ah-X-cn-n--Xv.
IAv_p_v\pamen-Iv, lnem-ep_v\pDa--v, apdm-d-p_v\pdp_v Fn-h-cmbn-cpp B aqp-t]. IAv_p_v\pamen-Iv _Zv bpw Hgnv as-m-bp---fnepw
\_n-tbm-sSmw ]s-Sp-n-pv. av cvt]cm-Is _Zbp--n Xsbpw
]s-Sp-n-p--h-cmWv. Ign-hp Fm kXy-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw X_qvbp-n\v ]pds-S-W-sav I]ntm, Ae-k-Xbpw Aew-`m-hhpw ImcWw Ah ]pd-sSm sshIn-p-I-bmWpmbXv. ]ns ]nimNv Ahsc ]pd-s-Sp--Xn \nv
XSp. \_n X_qn\nv Xncn-p-h--tm hnizm-kn-I B aqp-t]-cp-ambn
kemw ]dbp-Itbm kwkm-cn-p-Itbm t]mepw Acp-sXv hnfw_cw sNbvXp.
Au_ (9)
227
\m]Xv Znh-k-n-\p-tijw Ah-cpsS ]Xv\n-am Ah-cn\nv thdnp \n-Wsapw \ntZ-in-p. Npcp--n aZo-\-bn Ah A\p-`-hn Cu nXnhntij-amW,v `qan AXns Fm hnim-e-X-tbm-Sp-IqSns Ahv IpSp-mbn, AhcpsS Bm-hpIt]mepw Ahv henb `mc-ambn A\p-`-h-sp Fv kqn hc-p-Im-Wn-n-p--Xv. HSp-hn Ahv AXv Znh-ks \n-l-I-c-Wn-\p-tijw amv {]Jym-]n-p-sIm-p Cu kqw Ah-Xcnp.
Cu kw`-h-n \np KpW-]mTw, Am-lp-hn\nv Ah-\n-tev XsXncn-bp-I-b-msX asmcp A`-b-m-\hpw Csv t_m[y-am-bXns\ XpS,v
GsXmmtWm Ahsc X_qntev t]mIpXn \nv XSXv, B kv
Amlphn\v hnv sImSpv {]mbnw sNbvXtmgmWv AhcpsS ]m-m]w
Amlp kzoIcnXv. Xu_: 24 hniZoIcWw t\mpI. kXyhnizm-kn-I-fn\nv
sXp-h--tm-gmWv Ah-tcmSp Ii-\-ambn s]cp-am-dn-b-Xv. hnh-c-ap-m-bnp sXpsN-p--h-tcmSv Xs-bmWv Am-lp- I-i-ambn s]cp-am-dp-I. Ckvdm-Av: 7475
kq--fn, \ns \mw kXy-am-Kn Dd-n-p-\nn-bn-p-m-bn-cp-n-sn, \o A]-kz]sams \ns hyXn-N-en-n-m sIWnp {ian-p--hcn-tev Nmbp-am-bn-cp-p. A-s\- sNbvXm Cln Ccn inbpw ac-W-tijw Cc-n-inbpw \ns \mw cpNn-n-pXmWv. ]ns \ap-s-Xn-cm-bnv \ns
klm-bn-m Hcp klm-bn-sbbpw \o Is-p-I-bpan- Fv \_nsbpdnv
Xs ]d-n-pv. A-Bw: 52 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Am-lp-hn-sbpw hnizm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw Fm \_n-amcpsSbpw kz`m-hw, Adnnv Ipw sNp--h-tcmSv I-i-ambn s]cp-am-depw, Adn-hn-m-bva-sImv Ipw
sNp--h-tcmSv hnp-ho-gvN-tbmsS hn-epamW.v An-km-Av: 17, A-Avdm^v:
199 t\mp-I. ^n-Hu, Rm dm-sWv ]d--tm aqkm \_n Ah-t\mSv
kuay-am-bn-mWv s]cp-am-dn-b-Xv. Fm kXy-samw Fn-p-I-gn--ti-jw Adnnv Ah [n- c n- - t m bq\p- k v : 88mw kq- a - \ p- k - c np Amlp
aqkmsbsmv {]mn-n-p-Ib
- pw, 90-92 kq-a\
- p-kc
- np Ahs\ IS-en apnsm-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. apl-Zv \_n Xs BZy-L--n Ben-Cw-dm: 159mw
kq-ns hni-Zo-I-c-Ww A-\p-k-cnv DlvZv bps XpSp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-ItfmSpt]mepw kuay-X-bn-emWv s]cp-am-dn-b-Xv. Fm X_qv bp-n ]sSp-m hnizm-kn-It- fmSv I-ia
- m-bn- s]cp-am-dm\mWv Amlp I]n-X
- v. ]noSv
Xu_: 73,80,84 XpS-nb kq-f
- n-eqsS I]-Sh
- n-izm-knI-tfmSpw Ip^v^m-dp-It- fmSpw
PnlmZv sN-W-sapw Ah acn-m Ahv anv \a-kvI-cn--cp-sXpw
I]n-p. Alvkm-_v: 30, \_n-bpsS ]Xv\n-amsc hnfnpsImv: \n-fn
\nsmcm hy-amb t-hr-n-bn Gs]-m Cc-nin \Ip-sa-pw,
AXn\p Am-lp-hn\p hfsc Ffp--am-sWpw ]dnpv. Ben-Cw-dm: 128-129,
An-km-Av: 136, AAvvdm^v: 150, Xu_: 113114 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
119. Hm hnizm-kn-Itf, \n Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-hn,
228
JpB\ns Bmhv
\n kXy-k-am-tcm-sSmw \ne-sIm-p-Ibpw sNp-hn.
An-km-A:v 69 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Xocp-am\w \nn-sh--s B

aqp hnizm-kn-Ipw ]m-m]w e`n-Xv Ah kXyw ]d--Xp-sIm-m-Wv.
IA_p_v\pamenIv, aI A_vZp--tbmSv Cu kw`hw hnh-cn--tijw, Rm PohnX-n kXyw am{Xw ]d--XmWv Fs hnP-b-n\v Imc-W-sav t_m[n-n-pI-bp-m-bn. Alv-km-_v: 35, \n-b-w Am-lp-hn\v kkzw ka]n ]pcpjamcpw kv{XoIfpw, hnizm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw, Am-lp-hns\
hW-p ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw, kXy-k
- am-cmb ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw,
am-ep-f
- mb ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw, `b-`
- am-cmb ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw,
Zm\-[- sNp ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw, {hX-a\
- p-jvTn-p ]pcpjamcpw
kv{XoIfpw, X-fpsS Kplym\- kqn-p ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw,
Am-lp-hns\ [mcm-fa
- mbn kvacn-p ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw, Ahv Amlp
]m]-tam-N\
- hpw al-mb {]Xn-ê
- hpw Hcpn-sh-n-p-sp ]d-n-p-v. Jnbma:
26-30 kq--fn, tBm-hns acWtKmjvTn-I hnh-cn--tijw 31-32,
Atm Ah Jp-B\ns\ kXy-s-Sp-n-bn-, \a-kvI-cn--Xp-an-, adnp Ah
JpB\ns\ If-hm-p-h\pw AXn\nv ]nn-cnp t]mIp--h-\p-am-bn-cp-p
Fp-]-d-n-p-v. \_-Av: 21-22 kq--fn, XmKq-n-\-Sn-a-s--hv \nbw
\cIIpWvTw ASp-n-pIXs sNp-sapw, 27-28 kq--fn, \nbw Ah
hnNm-cW {]Xo-n-m--h-cpw, \psS kq-sf ASn-Sn Xn--d-bp--h-cpw
Bbn-cpp Fp-w ]-d-npv. ^mnl: 6, _Jd: 38, 254, An-km-Av: 87, 122,
Xu_: 75-76 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
120. aZo-\m -\nhm-kn-Ipw Nppw Xma-kn-p _Z-p Ad-_n-I-fn
\nphpw Am-lp-hns ZqXs\smv ]nn-cnp \n-p-Xpw, At-lnt\m kzn\v {]m[m\yw sImSp-p-Xpw
tbmPn-X
- m-bn-cp-n-- A
- Xv \n-bw, Am-lp-hns amK-n Ah
kln-p hnipw Zmlhpw oWhpw hnj-a--fpw- IpSppI-fp-w;
kXy-\n-tj-[n-Isf tcmjm-Ip-e-cm-phn[w Ah shp Hmtcm
Ime-Snbpw, i{Xp-hn-t\mSv Ah-cpsS kXy-hn-tcm-[
- ns t]cn ImWnp- {]Xn-Im-chpw hntZz-jhpsamw Ahsmcp kI-ambn
tcJ-s-Sp-mXncn-pn FXv sImmWv. \nbw Amlp
Ahs\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p kpIr-X-hmam-cpsS {]Xn-êw
]mgmnf-bp-I-bnXs.
121. Ah Am-lp-hns amK-n sNe-h-gn-pXv Ipd-m-h-s A[nIam-hs, XmgvhcI apdn-p-I-S-p-XmIs Fmw Ahp-thn
tcJ-s-Sp-m-Xn-cn-p-n. Ah {]hn-psIm-n-cp Ghpw
\{]hrn t\mn, Ahv {]Xn-êw \Ip--Xn-\p-th-n-bmWn-Xv.
Au_ (9)
229
hnizm-kn-Iv Am-lp-hns amK-n kln-p hnipw Zmlhpw

oWhpw, IqSp-X Bfp-I IqSp-tm-gp {]bm-k
- fpw hnn-jvS
- fpw hnbsmgp-epw app-Xd-epw thZ\kln-epw, i{Xpsf tZjyw ]nSn-n-p hn[n-ep km-l- \S-epw, AhcpsS a\n Xd-p hmp-I ]dbepw, Ahsc Xpc-p--Xn-\p-thn Xmgvhc-I apdn-p-I-S-p ImshpIfpw
Ahv kI-ambn tcJ-s]-Sp-p-sa-mWv Amlp ]d-bp--Xv. Fm
Cv bptam h[tam C, adnv Jp-B\ns BibwsImv AXns\ aqSn-shp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfmSpw Im^n-dp-I-tfmSpw A[n-I-cn PnlmZv am{X-am-Wp-Xv. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpw Ip^v^m-dp-I-fpw Jp-B hf-sm-Sn-p-Xv tIpItbm
ImWp-Itbm sNbvXm, AhsctZjyw ]nSn-n-p hn[-n, t]sc-Spp hnfnv
PqX, Igp-X, sN-e
- n, ]n, s]cp-mgn Fsmw ]d-be
- pw, Ahsc sIm\w
ImWn-epw No-hn-fn-epw, Am-lp-hns i{Xp-hmb \o \c-I-n ]n-bm-bnmWv ]p\Pohn-n--s]-SpI Fsmw ]d-bepw hniz-kn-Iv kI-ambn
tcJ-s-Sp-p--XmWv. Cs\bmWv Jp-B sImp Pnlm-Zv. Nne-tm
Ccw I]-Sam-tcmSp tZjyw kln-msX, AAvdm^v: 150{]Imcw aqkm
sNbvXXv t]mse Jp-BsImv Fdn-bepw Pnlm-Zn s]-Xpw kI-ambn
tcJ-s-Sp-p--Xp-am-Wv. AAvdm^v:170, 175-176, Xu_: 73 t\mpI.
122. kXy-hn-izm-kn-I H-Sw bp-n\v Cd-n-n-cnXv tbmPn--Xmbn-. Ah-cn Hmtcm hn`mKn \npw HcpkwLw Zo {Kln-p-Xn-\p-thn Cd-n-n-cnmXv Fp-sImv? kzw P\-Xbntep Xncn-p-hv Ahv XmoXv \Ip-hm-\pw, AXp-hgn B
P\X \njn-spdnv Pm{K-X-bp--h-cm-Ip--Xn\pw thn.
Cu _ZpAd-_n-I \ntj-[
- nepw Im]-Sy-nepw IqSp-X ISp-h
- c
- m-Ipp.
Ahsc kw_-n-t-S-tmfw, Amlp Ahs ZqX\v Ah-X-cn-n-n-p Cu
Zo\ns ]cn-[n-Isf kw_-np Adn-hn-m--h-cm-bn-cn-m Gsd km[y-X-bp-apv Fv kqw 97 ]d-n-p-v. P\--fn \smcp hn`mKw A-X-bnepw
Xqew Im]-Sy-nepw Bp-In-S-p-h-cmWv. Hmtcm {Kma-n \npw Fmhcpw H-s-mbn Zo {Kln-m Cd-n-n-cn-Wsa--, adnv GXm\pw t]
aZo-\bn hv Zo\n Adnhpt\Sp-I-bpw, Ah-cpsS {]tZ-ip aS-n-sv km[mcW P\--fn AXv ]Tn-nvsImSpp-I-bp-amWv sNt--Xv.
P\--fn Fgppw hmb-\bpw {K-]m-cm-b-Whpw euIn-I-m-\hpw {]Ncn-n-p-Isb-X Zo {Kln-p-I-sbXp-sImv A-am-p--Xv. a\p-jy
Fgp-Xn-bp-m-nb Ia-imkv{X{K-, ^nJvlv{K-, hymI-cW{K-,
]mcm-b-W-ap-d-I ]Tn-n-p{K-, ap `mjm-{K-- XpS-n-bh ]Tn-epw ]Tn-n--epa; adnv Am-lp-hns\pdnpw a\p-jyscpdnpw Pohn-X-eyspdnpw a\- n- e m- m\pX- I p thZ- { K- - ns Bi- b w ]Tn- nthn[w ]Tn-n--emWv. AXmWv \_n ]Tn-n--Xv, \n-fn D-a Jp-
230
JpB\ns Bmhv
B\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-I-bpw sNp--h-cm-Wv Fv. Ben-Cwdm: 10- s hni-Zo-I-c-Wn, R Jp-B ]Tn-p-I-bpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw
sNp--h-cmWv Fv Duw sImp Hcp P\X hcp-sapw Ah \c-I-ns
hnd-Ip-I-fmsWpw \_n ]d--tm A\p-bm-bn-I tNmZnp. BcmWv Ah?
\n-fn \np-hcmWv Ah Fmbn-cpp \_nbpsS adp-]Sn. Amlp Dtin Bi-b-n Jp-B ]Tn-p-Itbm ]Tn-n-p-Itbm D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-Itbm
sNm--XmWv AXn\v Imc-Ww. An-km-Av: 105 t\m-p-I.
Jp-B\ns Bi-bw lrZ-bw-sImv a\-n-em-m Ffp--am-n-bn-p-sv
Ja: 17 ]d-n-p-v. GXv Fgppw hmb-\bpw Adn-bm-h
- pw Jp-B\ns
Bibw Ahs lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn ]d-psImSpm a\-n-em-hp--XmWv. _-Jd: 186 mw kq-a-\p-k-cnv Jp-B\ns Bi-b-an-msX I- kzoIcn-p-I-bn-, hnizm-kn-bm-hp-I-bn-, kzK-n {]th-in-p-I-bn-Fgppw hmb\bpw ]Tn-h
- {]tXy-InpwFv hn-izm-kn-I- kaq-ls DWp-tm, "Fmhpw Jp-B ]Tn-m ]ptam? AXn\p ]d-n-ptm?' Fp-]-dv km[mc-W-msc Jp-B\ns Bibw tIp--Xn\nv XS-bph Im^n-dp-I-fmsWv ^pkzn-e-v: 26-28 ]d-n-p-v. 29se Im^n, Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-knIsf ]WvUn-Xam-cmbn KWn-phcpw, Cl-n R _e-lo-\am-cmb
A\p-bmbn-I-fm-bn-cp-p Fv \msf ]d-bphcpamWv. ^pJm: 27-30 kq t\mpI. AAvdm^v: 146-147, 179, Xu_: 8788 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
123. Hm hniz-kn--h-tc, \n-fpsS CS-bnep \ntj-[-n-\p-ta \ntj[w
ssIsIm-p Ip^v^m-dp-Isf \n h[np-I. Ah \n-fn
shdppw tZjyhpw IspIbpw sNs. \n Adn-n-cn-pIbpw sNp-I, \nbw Amlp Ahs\ lrZ-b
- n kqn-phcpsS IqsS-bm-Ipp.
Xu_: 68 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. apkvenwI-fn\np I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf
h[n-m-\mWv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-tmSv Cu kqw In-p--Xv. \ntj-[n\pta \ntj[w ssIsm-p Ip^v^m-dp-I Fp-]-d-Xv, Hpw cpw
appw kq--f-, Fm kq--fp-sSbpw Bibw Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p-I-bpw
tZtl ]n]n Pohn-p-Ibpw sNp AAvdm^v: 175176 ]d D]-{Z-hn-mepw
Cs-nepw amw-h-cm \mb-tbmSv D]-an I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Is-fbm-Wv. Xu_: 73,
\_n-tbmSpw hnizm-kn-tbmSpw Ah-tcmSv PnlmZv sN-W-sa-pw Ahsc shdp--Wsapw ]d-n-p-v. ChnsS hnizm-kn-If
- psS kwL-s h
- nfn-p-sImmWv Amlp
Ahsc h[n-m I]n-n-p--Xv. Fm Cv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-an-, adnv
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-IfpsS kwL--fm-Wp--Xv. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-ap-s-n
Ahv A[n-Imcw \Ip-sav Aq: 55 ]d-n-p-v. C\n Ckvemans\
ambvv Ip^v hyh \S-n-em-p--Xn-\p-thn ako-lp--m-emWv BZywhcnI.
Au_ (9)
231
ako-lp--m-ens\ B\-bn-pIbpw Ahs\ klm-bn-pIbpw sNp-, Ahs

{]Xo-I--fmb Cu I]-Samsc Cukm\_n h-tijw hnizm-kn-I h[n-p-Xpw, Cu kq-aSw aqv kq--fpsS I]-\- \S-n-em-p--Xp-am-Wv. BenCw-dm: 90-91, An-km-Av: 91, Xu_: 6 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
\n Adn-n-cn-p-I, \nbw Amlp Ahs\ lrZ-b-n kqnph-cpsS IqsS-bm-Ipp Fp-]-d--Xns hnh- \n Am-lp-hn-\p-thn
am{Xw Pohn-p Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-bn-cn--Ww, \n Ahs\ lrZ-b-n
kqn-p--h-cm-bn-cn--Ww, Ahs\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p--h-cm-bn-cn--Ww, Ah\p-thn ap--hsc kvt\ln-p--h-cm-bn-cn--Ww, Ah-\p-thn ap--htcmSv
tIm]n-p--h-cm-bn-cn--Ww, Ah-\p-thn am{Xw ap--hsc h[n-p--h-cm-bn-cnWw, Ah-\p-thn am{Xw \Ip--h-cm-bn-cnWw, Ah-\p-thn am{Xw \ImXncn-ph-cp-am-bn-cn--Ww FmWv. JpB\nsXWen-e-m _--sfmw
\msf i{Xp-X-bn-em-bn-cn-p-sap kpKvdp-^v: 67 ]d-n-p-v.
in \S-n-em-t-Xv sXpsNm hnizm-kn-IfpsS kwL-am-bn-cn-Ww. Aq: 2, hy`n-Nmcn BWm-bn-cn-s s]m-bn-cn--s, Ah-cn \np
Fm Hmtcm-cp--scbpw \qdv ASnhoXw ASn-pI, Am-lp-hns Zo \S-n-emp Imcy-n Ah-tcm-Sp ZbmZmnWytam, IpSpw_ _-tam Hpw \nsf
]nSn-Iq-Sm-Xn-cn--s \n Am-lp-hnepw Ay-Zn-\-nepw hniz-kn--h-cm-sWn. Ah-cpsS in \S-n-em-p--Xn\v hnizm-kn-I-fn \npsmcp hn`mKw
kmyw hln-p-Ibpw sN-s Fp]d-n-p-v. Fm Cv in \S-n-emm-\pw kmyw hln-m\pw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-an-. A^m: 17, Xu_: 2324, 80, 85 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
124. Hcp kqdv Ah-Xc
- n-n-s-m Ah-cn Nne ]cn-lm-ka
- mbn hnizmkn-I-tfmSv tNmZn-pXm-Wv: \n-fn BmWv CXp-sImv
hnizmkw hn-pXv? Atm AXv hnizm-kn-I-v hnizmkw
hn-n-p--Xpw Ah AXn kp--cm-Ip--XpamWv.
125. Atm BcpsS lrZ-b--fn-emtWm Im]-Sy-am-Ip tcmKap-Xv,
AhXv amen-\y-n-\p-ta amen-\y-amWv hn-n-p-I. As\
Ah kXy\ntj-[n-I-fmbnsmpXs ac-W-a-S-bp-Xp-amWv.
Xu_: 64 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. Ckvdm-Av: 82, Jp-B hniz-kn-Iv
tcmK-i-a-\hpw Imcp-Wy-hp-am-sW-pw, Fm A{I-an-I-fmb [nm-cn-Iv AXv
\jvS-a-msX hn-n-p-I-bn-spw ]d-n-p-v. hnizm-kn-Iv Jp-B
kamKhpw tcmK-ia
- \
- h
- pam-sWpw hnizm-kn-If
-
- m-h
- v B Jp-BsIms
Ah-cpsS sNhnI-fn Hcp aqSn-bpw Ah AXp-sIms Ipcp-Sam-cpw hnZq-c-Xbn\nv hnfn-p--hsctmse-b-msX B Jp-B Ah tIpn-spw
^pn-e
- v: 44 ]d-n-p-v. ^pJm: 73, ]c-aI
- m-cp-Wn-Is CjvSZ- m-kam
232
JpB\ns Bmhv
\ns \mYs kq- lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn DW-s-m AXp-sIms

_[n-camcpw Aam-cp-ambn hn-p-I-bn-sv ]d-n-p-v. lZo-Zv: 16,
hnizm-kn-Iv X-fpsS lrZ-b- "Amlv' F kvac-W-bn-te-pw, \mw Cdnb kXy-n-tepw BIjnp hnd-sIm-m ka-b-am-bn-t Fv tNmZn-p-Ibpw, \n CXn\papv {Kw \I-s--h-sctmse BI-cp-sXpw ]d-bpIbpw
sNp-p. Ahv {K-tm-Sp AI hn-p-I-bpw, As\ AhcpsS
lrZbw In-v I-Tn-\-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw [nm-cn-I-fmb
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Xs-bm-Ipp. AlmJ: 48 \nbw Jp-B, Am-lphns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p--hv AsXmcp Snv Xs-bm-sWpw 51-
\ntj-[n-Iv AXv ZpxJtlXp Xs-bmWv Fpw ]d-n-p-v. A-Bw: 130,
155-157, A^m: 24, Xu_: 55, 95 kq-fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
126. \nbw, Fm Hmtcm hjhpw Ah Htm ctm XhW ]co-W-n AI-spsIm-n-cn-p-Xv Cu I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I ImWpnt? Fnpw Ah tJZnp aS-p-Itbm lrZbwsImv HmanpItbm sNp-p-an-.
Ben-Cw-dm: 166-167 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Hp-cp Xh-W-sb-nepw
hnizmkw ]co- - W - n\v hnt[bams- S p- I bpw, AXns Dp- I fn ]pdpsmphcnIbpw sNp kw`-h- Dm-hmsX Hcp hjhpw IS-p-t]mIp-n-. Nne-tm bpn\p I-\tbm, [\w sNe-h-gn-p--Xn-\p I\tbm, Ah-cpsS tZtl-pw kap-Zm-b-Xm]-cy-pw hncp--am-b\nb-a-
Ds-mp kqtfmhgn ]co--W-n\v hnt[b-am--s-Sp k`-fn-semw hnizm-k-hm-Z-ns ]nn Hfn-p-sh-n-p Im]Syw ]pd-p-h-cp-p.
ey-t_m[w \jvS-s Ahv CXn \nv ]mTw Dsm-m\mhmsX, D]-{Zhn-mepw Cs-nepw amw hcm \mb-sbtmse sXmen-n hnmt\ D]Icn-p-pp. AAvdm^v: 174 hniZoIcWw t\mp-I.
Cv hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sfbpw Xncn--dn-bm-\p DcmWv
Jp-B\ns samw Bi-bw. Jp-B\ns Bibw e`n--hp t\mp-w s]cpmfpw Ah-cpsS Jn_vebmb a-bn FmtWm Am-bn-cn-pw. Fm I]S-hn-izm-kn-I B Zn\-n s]cp-m BtLm-jn-m thn hmZn-p-sanepw,
`qcn-]w AXv kzoI-cn-m- Ah--bn, kap-Zm-b-n `nn-p-m-t
Fp-I-cpXn `qcn-]--ns IqsS ]nt-Zn-hkw s]cp-m BtLm-jn-p-Ibm-Wv
sNpI. A-Bw: 116 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. kwL-S\m Xm]cyw kwc-n-p-Xn\v thn inv hsc BIm-sav aqkmlm-dq kw`hw D-cnpsImv
hmZn-p--h-cmWv Ah. AAvdm^v: 150 hniZoIcWw t\mp-I.Jp-B\ns
Bibw samw a\p-jyv Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw AXp-hgn Ah Ah-c-hsc
Xncn--dn-bp-I-bpw, Pohn-X-eyw Xncn--dn-bp-Ibpw sN-emWv c-sm-cn-n CmXm-m-\pw, a\p-jy-cpsS sFIyw \ne-\nm-\pw, a\p-jy-scmw Htc {kjvSm-hns
Au_ (9)
233
krjvSn-If
- m-sWv ]cn-Nb
- s
- -Sp-m-\p-w {kjvSmhv Xr]vXn-s-n-p PohnX hyh
\S-n-em-\pap GIamK-sancns(B-en-Cw-dm: 26-27), AXp Xpd--Snp
P\--tfmSp ]d-bp kZ-p-Isf F-s\-sb-nepw Cmbva sNm-\mWv Cu
I]- S am {ian- p- I . Jp- B apdpsInSnv `qan- b n Fhn- s Sbpw Xe- b pbnsmv \S-t--h(B-en-Cw-dm:79), PqXam-cp-sSbpw ssl-h-Xo-{h-hmZn-I-fp-sSbpw aph-cpsSbpw Ic--fm h[n--s-Sp-I-bpw ASn--a-s-Sp-Ibpw
sNp-p-s-n AXv Cu I]-Sam-cpsS {]hrntZmj-m kw`-hn-p-XmWv.
PqXam-sctmse kmap-ZmbnI sFIy-n-\p-thn hmZn-p--h-cmWv I]-Shn-izm-kn-I, AmsX a\p-jy-cpsS sFIy-n-\p-thn hmZn-p--h-c-. Xu_:
6mw kqw Ah-KW
- n-p-sImv \nc-]c
- m-[n-If
- mb Am-lp-hns krjvSn-Isf kzbw
t_mw_mbpw apw sImpXn\v t{]cn-n-p, As-n Acw {]hrn-I
sNp--hsc a\-p-sIm-s-nepw shdp-m Cu I]-Sam XsbmWv AXns-sbmw ]m]-`mcw hln-tnhcnIsbp Ahv t_m[y-an-. As\
Ah ako-lp-
- m-ens\ B\-bn-p-h
- c
- pw, Ahs {]Xo-I
- f
- p-ambn Ckvemans\
\in-n-p-sIm-n-cn--bpamWv. Jp-B aqSn-sh-p P\-n\v Cl-n \nyXbpw ]c-n AXn-I-Tn-\-amb inbpw _Jd: 85, hmKvZw sNbvXnp-Xv
ad-p-sh-p-sImv, `qan AXns kp-\-e-n \ne-\nm-\p D]-I-c-W-amb
Jp-B\ns samw Bibw Adn-nv aqSn-sh--Xp-sIm-mWv Ah hnNm-c-Wbn-m-sX- \cIns ASn--n t]mIp--Xv. An-km-Av: 145 t\mpI. amCZ:
49, 59, 94, Xu_: 36-37 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
127. Hmtcm kqdv Ah-X-cn-n--s-Sp-tmgpw Ah ]c-kv]cw t\mp-Ibpw, \nfn Bsc-nepw Ahsc t\mp-ptm Fp {in-pI- b pw, ]ns X- n ]nn- c np t]mhp- I bpw sNp- p.
Amlp Ah-cpsS lrZ-b
- sf ]nn-cn-np If-n-cn-b
- m-Wv. FpsIm-s-m, \nbw Ah Imcyw {Kln-m ey-t_m[w \jvSssmcp P\-am-Ip-p.
A-Avdm^v: 204205 kq--fpsS I]\ am\n-p-sImv Jp-B Bibw
tIn-p kZ-n kXy-hn-izm-kn-I hfsc {im-]qw tIn-cn-p-Ibpw
AXn ebn-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNp-Xm-Wv. Fm I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I kZ-n
lmP-cm-Im I-\-bp-XpsImv t]mIm-Xn-cn-m h, t]mbn-sn Im]Sy-nsIn ]pd-mhpw FXv sImv kZ-n-tev t]mIp--XmWv. Fm
Jp-B Ahv amen-\y-am-b-Xn-\m AXn Ahp bmsXmcp Xm]-cyhpw
tXmpIbpan-. Nne-tm ap-h
- c
- psS {i-sX-npw hn[w s]cp-am-dp--Itbm Asn a\waSpv tImp-hm-bnv A-s\-bn-cn-pItbm sNpw. ap-Nn-e-tm Akln-jvWpX {]I-S-n-p-Ibpw Imdn-p-cv Xpm-s\-tmWw ]pd-vt]mhp-Ibpw
sNpw. As\ hnizm-kn-I-fmcpw t\mp-n-s-n F-s\-sb-nepw Cu IpSpn\nv Xe-bq-cWw F Ah-cpsS Ah--bmWv Cu kq-n hnh-cn-n-
234
JpB\ns Bmhv
cn-p--Xv. A-Bw: 2526, 65, 157 AAvdm^v: 10, 129, 179 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
128. \nbw \n-fn\nv Xsbp Hcp {]hm-N-I \nn-Xm
hn-cn-p-p. \n hnj-an-p-Xv At-l-n\v Ak-ly-am-Wv.
\n-fp-sS- hnP-b-n AXoh X]-c-\pw, kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-tfmSv
Ir]bpw Imcp-Wy-hp-ap--h-\pam-Ipp At-lw.
Ben-Cw-dm: 164 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. a\p-jyv samw Imcp-Wy-ambn---msX apl-Zv \_nsb \ntbm-Kn-n-n-sv An-bm-Av: 107epw, \ns ]n]p hnizm-kn-I-fn \np--hv \ns Nnd-Ip-I XmgvnsmSppI Fv
Ap-A-dm-Av: 215-epw ]d-n-p-v. AAvdm^v: 157-158, A^m: 64, Xu_: 7173
129. C\nbpw Ah ]nn-cnbp-I-bm-sW-n Atm \o ]d-bp-I: F\nv
Amlp aXn, Ah-\-msX Hcp Cem-lp-an-. Rm Ah-\n am{Xw
`c-ta]n-n-cn-p-p. Ah al-mb knwlm-k\
-
- ns DSa-bpamWv.
_Jd: 253-255 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. F\nv Amlp
aXn, Ah-\-msX thsd Hcp Cem-lp-an-, Rm Ah-\n-emWv `c-ta]n-n-p--Xv,
Ah Fmw AS-n-`-cn-p(Fm Poh-Pm-e--fp-sSbpw ISn-m ]nSn-p-)
al-mb knwlm-k-\-ns DS-a-bs{X Fv aKvcn_v \a-kvIm-c-n-\p-tijhpw,
kp_vln \a-kvIm-c-n-\p-tijhpw Bi-b-tm-Sp-IqSn Ggp-{]m-hiyw {]mn-m
Ah Am-lp-hns kwc--W-n-em-sWpw, Hcp B]pw Ah\v hcn-I-bnspw \_n ]Tn-n-n-cn-p-p.
BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsSbpw Ah-n-S-bn-ep k- hkvXp--fp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb
\mYm, Dd-hpw ab--hp-an-msX Fmw ]Xn-bn-cpv hon-p \mYm, Xnw
{]hn-p-- {XnIm-em\n-bmb D]-a-bn-m- DZm-l-c-W-an-m- GIm-[n-]m,
km-[n-]m, tkzm-[n-]m, ]m]n-bmb ASn-av \ns-p-dnpw Pohn-X-e-y-sp-dnpw Adnhv \Ip Jp-B-\ns Bibamb bYm Adnhv hn-n-p
\Inbm-epw. Jp-B\ns\ kXy-s-Spn Cl-tem-Iv Pohn-pI-hgn ]pWymm--tfm-sSm-w, hnP-bn-I-tfm-sSmw al-mb \ns Imcp-Wyw-sImv Rsf
kzKn {]th-in-n-m-epw. \nbw \o Gsd s]mdp-p--h-\pw, Imcp-Wy-a-cpfp--h\pw Xs-b-tm.
235
bq\pkvv (10)
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-amb Am-lp-hns \maw -sImv
10. bq\pkv
bq\pkns P\-Xsbpdnv ]cm-ain-p- 98mw kq-n \nmWv
kqd-n\v bq\pkv F t]cv hn-pXv. A-msX bq\pkns IY kqdns
{]Xn]mZy hnj-ba
-
- . D-S
- S-
- n \npw {]hm-NIs am-Po-hn-X
- ns Ana-L--n-emWv CXv AhX-cn--sX-v a\-n-em-mw. a-bn \_n-tbmSpw A\pbmbn-I-tfmSpap \ntj-[n-I-fpsS i{XpX kln-m Ign-bmXmb Ah-k-c-n
bq\pkv \_n-bpsSbpw P\-X-bp-sSbpw Ncn{Xw Nqn-m-Wn-psImv \_n-sbbpw
A\p-bm-bn-I-sfbpw kam-[m-\n-n-p-Ibpw Ahn-th-In-I-fmb \ntj-[n-Isf DWpI-bp-am-Wv.
BIm-i-`q-an-Isfbpw Ah-n-S-bn-ep k-h-kvXp--sfbpw krjvSnpI-bpw
kwc-npIbpw sNp-h
- \
- pw, Ahsb \in-n-m A[n-Im-ca
- ph\p-amb Amlp Xs-bmWv \n-fp-sSbpw DSa. kqcy-s\bpw N{-s\bpw IW--\p-k-cnp
hnt[-b-am-p-Ibpw cmhns\bpw ]Iens\bpw amdn amdn h-cp-p-Ibpw sNp-Xv
àmv ]mT-apsm-m thnbm-Wv. ]c-tem-I-tv thn kzKw
]Wn-bm\mWv `qan-bn a\p-jysc Amlp \ntbm-Kn-n-p--Xv. B t_m[-n
Pohn-p--h-cpsS Ftm-gp-ap {]m\: "\nbw kkvXp-Xnbpw k-temI--fp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hn-\m-Ipp' Fm-Wv. Nn-bn-m, {`mamcmb P\-sf Amlp \in-n-n-p-s-pw, Ahv tijw \nsf `qan-bnse
{]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-n-b-Xv \n F-s\-bmWv {]hn-p--sXv t\mnmWm\pam-Wv. Jp-B P\-v hni-Zo-I-c-nv -sIm-Sp-p-tm Am-lp-hpambn Ipap-n Pohn-X-s-p-dnv D-cw ]d-b-W-sav t_m[-an-m \ntj-[n-I ]d-bpw:
"CX-msmcp Jp-B sImp-h-cn-I, Asn CXn amw hcp-p-I.' amna-dn-m CXv Fn \np--X-, DSa Fn-eqsS kwkm-cn-p-I-bm-Wv, \n
Nnn-p-nt Fv adp-]Sn ]d-bm-\mWv \_n-tbmSpw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw I]np-Xv. Ccw A{I-an-Iv Ah km-Zn--Xns ê-ambn kt-X-am-bnv \cIw
e`n-p-sapw XmoXv sNbvXn-p-v.
BZy-n HkapZm-b-am-bn-cp a\p-jy {ItaW `nn-p-I-bpw hnhn[ kapZm-b--fm-bn-o-cp-I-bp-am-Wp-m-b-Xv. Atm Ahsc H kap-Zm-b-ambn hopw
Hnn-m-\pw, kam-[m-\-tK-l-n {]th-in-n----hw ChnsS PohnXw \bnn-m-\p-am-Wv apl-Zv \_nsb Jp-B-\pw -sImv \ntbm-Kn--Xv. Jp-B-\ns
XW-enepw shfn--n-ep-a-m _--sfmw \msf ]c-tem-Iv ]c-kv]cw
i{Xp-X-bn-em-bn-cn-p-sa-pw, Hmtcm Bmhpw km-Zn-Xv Ahv shfn-hmn
sImSp-p-sapw ap-dn-bnv \Ip-p-v. kXy-samw Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p
236
JpB\ns Bmhv
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I C\n-sbm-cn-epw hniz-kn-p-I-bn-sv ap-dn-bnv \Ip-pv. Cu Jp-B Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsX Hcmpw sIn-a-pm-m IgnbpX-s-pw, AX- CXv apl-Zv sIn-a
-
- pXmsWv Ah ]d-bp-pshn
CXp-t]m-ep Hcp kqdv, Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsX \nsfm-hcpw IqSn-tp
sIn--apm-n- sIm-p-h-cnI Fv shp-hn-fn-pp. Hmtcmcp-cpw kamKw
DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hn-t\mSv tNmZnv hmtXm-Wv. AXm-Is Jp-B-\ns cq]n Amlp a\p-jyv \In-bn-p-ap-v. Atm AXns\ apdp-sI-nSn-v
]n]n Pohn-m Ah kamK-n-em-bn--gn-p.
`qan-bn-ep Fmhcpw A{I-an-I-fmbngn-m `qansb amn-a-dn-v JpBsImv hn[n-I-ev]n-p Zn-hkw \S-n hcp-p-sav ]d-bp-p. 56-57 ,
Jp-B samw a\p-jyv Ah-cpsS \mY-\n \np kZp-]-tZ-i-hpw, AhcpsS s\p-I-fn-ep--Xn\v ia-\-hp-am-bnmWv Cd-n-b-np-Xv Fv ]d-bpp.
Fm hnizm-kn-I am{X-amWv AXv kamKhpw Imcp-Wy-hp-am-bn D]-tbm-K-sSp-p-I. `qan-bntem BIm-i--fntem Hcp B-tmftam AXn-tesd sNdptXm
heptXm Bb Hpw Xs Jp-B-\n tcJ-s-Sp-msX-bn. 71-mw kqn, \qlv \_n Xs P\Xsb shp-hn-fn Imcyw {]Xn-]m-Zn-ncnp-p. 74
apX 92 hsc-bp kq--fn aqkm \_nbpsS-bpw ^nHusbpw Ncn{Xw
hnh-cn-ncnp-p. ^n-Hu\ns icocw ]nme P\--v Hcp ZrjvSm-ambnmWv kqnv shnp-Xv. Fm P\--f-n A[n-I-t]cpw ZrjvSm--sfsmv A{i-cmWv.
103, Fm {]hm-N-Iam-scbpw hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw
c-s-Sp-pI Am-lp-hns _m[yXbm-sWp ]dbpp. samw a\p-jyp
kXyamb Jp-B hp- I-gn-p, Atm Bsc-nepw AXp]tbm-K-s-Spn
kamK-n-em-bm AXns KpWw Ahv Xs, D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-bn-sn AXns tZmjhpw Ah-c-hv Xs. \o Jp-B ]n]-pI, Am-lphns hn[nv thn an-n-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-I Fv {]Jym-]np- sImmWv 109
kq--f-S-nb kqdv Ah-km-\n-p--Xv.
1.
Aen-^v--emw-dm-Av. CsXmw XXz-\n`-c-amb Hcp {K-nse kq-fm-Ip-p.
"Rm Amlp, ImWpp FmWv Cu A-c--fpsS Bi-bw. epJvam:

2 CtX Bi-b-n-ep kq-am-Wv. bmko: 2, XXz-k-q-amb Jp-B-\pamWv kXy-sav ]d-n-p-v. low FXv Am-lp-hns KpW\ma-amWv. bpnm\n, X{-m-\n, XXz-m\n Fsmw CXn\v Bi-b-apv. Ahs hN\-amb Jp-B\pw bpn\n`-chpw XXz-\n`-chpw {XnIm-e-m-\-hp-amWv. AInXm-_ns Ah-km-\-cq-]-amWv Cu Jp-B-s\v CXn \nv a\-n-em-mw. lqZv:
1, Cu {Kw, AXnse kq XXz-k-p-jvShpw ]ns AXp kv]-hp-amWv. AXv bpn-\pw Fmw hebw sNbvX-h-\p-amb {XnIm-e-m-\n-bn
\np-f-f-Xp-am-Ipp Fp- ]-d-n-p-v. ^pn-e-v: 4142 kq-fn, \nbw
bq\pkvv (10)
237
AsXmcp AP--amb AXp-ey-amb {K-am-Ip-p Fpw, AXv t{ImUo-I-cn-p-Xn\p aptm t{ImUo-I-cn--Xn\p tijtam AXn anYy-I-Sp IqSp-I-bn-, AXv
Ah-X-cn-n-n-p-Xv bpn-m-\nbpw, kzbw kvXypXyl-\p-am-b-h-\n \nmIpp Fpw -]-d-n-p-v. _Jd: 2, 269, Ben-Cw-dm: 7, amCZ: 48, kq--fpsS
2.
samw P\-n\v ap-dn-bnv \Ip--Xn\pw, hnizm-kn-I-fm-b-hv

Ah-cpsS \mYs ASp- Cl-nep kXy-k-amb Pohn-Xn\v {]Xn-^-e-ap-s ktmj-hm Adn-bnp-Xn\pw thn
Ah-cn\nv Xsbp Hcmv \mw Znhy-t_m-[\w \In-bXv
P\-n\v Hcp-X-am-bn- Xon-cn-p-pthm? AXns\ aqSn-sh--h
]d-p: \nbw CsXmcp sXfn amcWw XsbmIp-p.
a\p-jy-cn \np--hsc {]hm-N-I-\mbn \ntbm-Kn-p-Xn Fm -Imepap \ntj-[n-I B-cy-s-Sp--h-cm-bn-cp-p. Jm^v: 23 kq-fn

Amlp ]d-bp-p: Ah-cn \np Hcp ap-dn-bn-p-Im-c h-Xn Ah
ApXw Iqdp-I-bm-Wv. Atm Im^n-dp-I ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp-p, CsXmcp ApX-Ic
- a
- mb hkvXp-Xb
- m-bn-cn-p-tm. \mw acnp am-bn-om hopw ]p\Pohn-n-s
- Sp-sa-tm? AsXmcn-epw \S-n-em-Im hnZq-ca
- mb Imcy-am-Ipp. FmImepw {]hm-N-Is\ \ntbm-Kn P\-X-bnse, ]c-tem-Is Ip-ap-p--Xns\
If-hm-p-Ib
- pw ùXnI Pohn-Xt- am-Sn-bn BIr-c
- mbn Pohn-p-Ibpw sNp \ntj[n-I-fmb {]am-Wn-am ]dp: Cbm \n-sf-tm-sebp Hcp ]pcp-j-\-msX
A, \n Xnp-Ibpw IpSn-p-Ibpw sNp--Xp-t]mse Abm Xnp-Ibpw
IpSn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. \n-sf-tm-ep Hcmsf \n A\p-k-cn-p--]w
\n Fmw \-s--h-cm-bn-o-cpI Xs sNpw. \n acnv apw Fpam-bn--gn-m hopw ]p\Po-hn-n--s-Sp-sav Abm \n-tfmSv hmKvZw
sNp-pthm? lm, \n-tfmSv hmKvZw sNp-Xv hnZq-cw Xs. PohnXw ClnepXv am{X-am-Wv, \mw ChnsS acn-p-p, P\n-p-p. \mw ]p\Po-hn-n-s-Sm-s\mpw t]mIp-n-. Cbm Am-lp-hn-s-ta Iw -sI-n--ap ]d-bp-h-\-msX A, \mw Cbm-fn hniz-kn-p--h-cp-a-. Atm {]hm-N-I
{]mnp: "\mYm, Fs If-hm-nb Cu P\-X-sb-smv Fs klm-bn-mepw.'
"Ipdv Ign-tm-s, Hcp {]`m-X
- n AhcpsS A-lmkw tIm'-sav Amlp
adp-]Sn \In. As\ A{I-an-I-fmb B P\-Xsb \mw Np-N-h-dpIfmn amn.
]noSv Ahp-tijw asmcp P\-Xsb \mw \p-h-fn-sm-p-h-p. Hcp
kap-Zm-bhpw Ahv \n-bn-n-p- Ah[n apI-S-p-Itbm ]nn-p-Itbm
sNbvXn-n-. ]ns \mw XpSscpSsc {]hm-N-Iamsc Ab-p. Fm Hmtcm
kap-Zm-bhpw Ah-cpsS {]hm-N-Iamsc If-hmn Xn--d-p. Atm \mw
Ahsc Ncn-{X-ns `mK-amn amn. As\ Fm-bvtmgpw hnizm-kn-I-fm P\X Xqs-dn-b-s-p(ap-Avan\q: 3344 t\mpI). XKm-_p: 6, Hmtcm
P\-X-bn-tepw hy-amb sXfnhpw sImv \ntbm-Kn--s {]hm-N-Iam h-
238
JpB\ns Bmhv
tm Ah tNmZn-p: a\p-jy-\mtWm Rsf kamK-n-te-m-m hn-cnp-Xv? As\ Ah \ntj-[n-p-I-bpw ]nn-cn-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Atm
Amlphpw kzbw ]cym]vX-\m-bn. Amlp sFiz-cyhm\pw kzbw kvXypXyl\p-a-tm.
aplZv \_n-sbp-dnv ]e Btcm-]Wfpw Dbn \ntj-[n-I, \nbw
\n amc-W-n\v hnt[-b-amb Hcp ]pcp-j-s\-b-msX ]n]-p-n-s-v ]dXmbn ^pJm: 8epw Ckvdm-Av: 47-epw ]d-n-p-v. Hm aqkm, \o Hcp
amcWn\v hnt[-b-am-b-h-\msWmWv \nbw Rm Icp-Xp--sXv ^nHu
]d--Xmbn Ckvdm-Av: 101-epw ]d-n-p-v. ^pJm: 7, FmWv AtltmsSmwap-l-Zv \_ntbmsSm-w ap-dn-bnv \Im Hcp aens\ Cd-s-Sm--sXv Ah tNmZn--Xmbn ]d-bp-p. AXn\v adp-]-Sn-bmbn Ckvdm-Av:
94, FmWv kamKw hp-In-n-b-tm AXv hniz-kn-p--Xn\nv a\pjysc XS--Xv?Amlp Hcp a\p-jys\ {]hm-N-I-\m-bnv \ntbm-Kn-n-cn-pp
F-X-msX. 95, \o ]d-bp-I, `qan-bn imn-tbm-Sp-w kam-[m-\-tmSpw IqSn
Ncn-p ae-p-I-fm-bn-cpp hkn-p--sXn, \mw BIm-i-p-\nv Hcp aens\ Xs {]hm-N-I-\mbn \ntbm-Kn-p-am-bn-cp-p Fpw ]d-n-pv. F\np-tijw Al-aZv Fv t]cp Hcp {]hm-N-I hcp-sav Cukm \_n-bm ip`hm-b-dn-bn--s, apl-Zv hy-amb Jp-B-\pw- sImv h-tm CXv hyamb amcWw Xs-bm-Ip-pshv Ah ]dXmbn kz^v^v: 6 ]d-n-pv.
Jkkv: 48- Amlp ]d-bpp: Ahv \n \np kXyw hp-In-n-btm Ah tNmZnp: Fm aqkmv \I-s--Xp-t]m-ep Znhym-p-X--
\n\v \I-s-Sm-Xv? apv aqkmv \I-s-Xv Ah \ntj-[n-n-stbm?
Xu-dmpw Jp-B\pw As-n aqkmbpw apl-Zpw ]c-kv]cw klm-bn-p
cv amc-W-fmsWpw, \n-bw, R Fmns\bpw \ntj-[n-p--h Xsbm-Ip-p-sh-pw Ah ]dp. A{]-Imcw Chv app Hcp P\-X-bn-tev
Hcp {]hm-N-I\pw hn-n, amc-W-m-c As-n Pnv _m[n {`m Fh
]d-n--m-sX Fv Am-cn-bmv: 52- ]d-n-p-v.
samw a\p-jyv ap-dn-bnpw Xmo-Xp-amWv Jp-B. AXns\ kXys-Sp-p hnizm-kn-IXv ip`-hmm-Zm-bI
- h
- pw, Imcp-Wyhpw kamKhpamWv.
Ah bq-\p-kv: 57-58 ]d Am-lp-hns HuZmcyhpw Imcp-Wy-hp-amb JpB sImv DuwsImp-Xpw {]uV-cm-Ip--Xp-am-Wv. \ntj-[n-Iv Jp-B
amen-\y-amsWpw, AhXv \jvS-a-msX hnn-p-I-bn-spw Ckvdm-Av: 82,
Xu_: 125 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. Fm Cv Jp-B-\ns Bibw Xn-db
- p-- apkvenwI Xs-bmWv \ntj-[n-I. AAvdm^v: 63-, 69, 101-102, 109 t\mpI.
3.
\nbw BIm-i--sfbpw `qan-sbbpw Bdp- \m-fp-I-fn krjvSn

Amlp Xs-bmIpp \n-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mY. ]ns Ah
knwlm-k-\n kzbw D]-hnjvS-\m-bn {]]-ns -`-cWw \S-
bq\pkvv (10)
239
n-sm-n-cn-p-p. Ahs A\p-aXn e`n--Xn-\p-ti-j-amsX
Hcmfpw Hcmpw ip]mi sNpIbn Xs. AXm-Ipp \nfpsS DS-a-bmb Amlp. Atm \n Ah\p-thn am{Xw Pohnp--h-cm-Ip-hn. Atm \n lrZbw sImv Hmanp--hcm-Ip-n-stbm?
kPZ: 45 kq-f
- n, Ggv BIm-i
- sfbpw Ggv `q-an-Is
- fbpw(A-z-emJv:12)
Ah-nS-bn-ephsbbpw Bdp \mfp-I-fn krjvSn--h-\m-Ipp Am-lp, ]ns
Ah knwlm-k-\--\m-bn. Ahs\qSmsX \nsmcp kwc--I-t\m
ip]mi-m-ct\m C. Atm \n lrZbns `mj-bn ap--hsc Hmann-pnstbm? Ah-\m-Ipp BIm-i-p-\nv Xocp-am\w FSpvv `qan-bn-tebp--Xv. ]ns \n IW-mp Bbncw hj-v kam-\-amb Hcp
\mfn Ah-\n-tev `qanbn\np AXns dntmv DbsSpp Fpw,
^pJm: 5859 kq-fn, BIm-i--sfbpw `qan-sbbpw Ahcn\pan-S-bn-ep-h-sbbpw Bdp -\m-fp-I-fn krjvSn--, ]ns AXns `c-W-ta-s-Sp {XnIm-em-\n-bmb Amlp Xs aXn Ahs ASn-a-I-fpsS ]m]- t\mn-m-Wphm, Hcn-epw acn-m Fspw Pohn-n-cn-p Ah-\n \o Fm-Im-cyhpw
`c-ta]n-p-I-bpw, Ahs\ kvXpXn-p--tXm-sSmw ]pI-gvn-sm-n-cn-p-Ibpw
sNpI Fp-w ]-d-n-p-v. Atm ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mb, \njv]--hm-\mb
Ahs\pdnv \o Jp- B \ns Bi- b - a - d n- b p {XnIm- e - m- \ n--I tfmSv
tNmZndnbpI Fv ]dnpv.
krjvSn-I-fn Hcmpw asm-cmv thn ip]mi sNm km[y-a,
Fm Jp-B kzbw ip]mi -sN-p--Xpw ip]mi sNn-np-XpamWv.
\nbw Jp-B\ns Bibw lrZbw sImv a\-n-em-p-hm \mw hfsc Ffp-am-n-bn-p-sv kqd: Ja-dn \mep {]mhiyw Bhnp ]d-n-p-v.
ABw: 90, 101104, Xu_: 116 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
4.
\n Fm-hcpsSbpw aS-w Ah-\n-tev Xsbm-Ipp. Amlp-hns kXy-hm-KvZm-\-amWXv. \nbw Ah-\m-Ipp krjvSnv XpSn- b - X v, ]noSv B krnv Bhn- p- Xpw Ah
XsbmIpp. hniz-kn-p-Ibpw kI {]hn-p-Ibpw
sNp--hv \oXn -sImv {]Xn-êw \I-p-Xn-\pw, kXy-\ntj[ns amKw ssIsImhv Npp-s]m-p ]m\obw IpSnnpXn\pw t\mhp in BkzZn-n-p--Xn\pamWvv B -Zn\w \nbn-n-p-X
- vAh kXyamb Jp-Bs\ aqSn-sh-p-sIm-n-cp-X
- n\m.
Am-lpam{X-amWv \n-fpsS DS-a. ]Xn-\phb-n-\v -ti-j-ap CltemIPohn-X-ns Hmtcm \nanjspdnpw H-sm-m-bn Dcw ]d-tb-Xv Ahs apn am{X-amWv. AXn-\v thn-bmWv hn[n-Zn-h-kw \n-bn-n-cn-p-Xv. Am-lp-hmWv krjvSnv XpS-n-b-Xpw AXv Bhnp-sIm-n-cn-p--
240
JpB\ns Bmhv
Xpw, am{X-a C\n hopw Hcp- \m-fn BZy krjvSn-I-sf-sbmw ]p\xkr-jvSn-pIbpw, Ahs apn hnNm-c-W-p-thn lmP-cm-pIbpw sNpw.- Ckvdm-Av: 51, BcmWv Rsf ]p\xkr-n-pI Fv \ntj-[n-I tNmZn-p--Xn\v:
BcmtWm \nsf BZy-hw hncn-bnnv `qan-bn-tev sImp-h--Xv Ah- XsbmsWv adp-]-Sn-]d-bm \_n-tbmSv In-pp.
B-cmtWm Jp-B\ns\ kXy-s-Spn Pohn--Xv, Ahv AXn-\p {]Xn^-e-hpw, BcmtWm Jp-B Inn-bnv AXns\ Ah-K-Wnv AXns hn[n-hn-e-pIv hncp--ambn Pohn-p-I-bpw, Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs ZqX-s\bpw Jp-B\n aqSn-shv ]nim-Nns\ Pohn-n-pIbpw sNbvXXv, Ahv a\pjyn-S-bn
Ckvemans\ sXn--cn-n--Xn-\p ]m]-`mcw IqSn e`n-p--Xm-Wv. \lv: 3739, \o Ah-cpsS kamK-n-\p-thn F{X {ian-mepw Xsf kzbw hgn-]ng-n--hsc Amlp Hcnepw kamK-n-em-p-I-bn Xs. Ahv Hcp
klm-bnbpw Dm-hp-I-bp-an-. Amlp acn--hsc ]p\-cp-o-hn-n-p-I-bn-s-v
Ah Am-lp-hn BW-bn-p-sImv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpp. A, AXv(hn-[n-Zn-hkw) Am-lp-hns kXy-amb hmKvZ--am-Ip-p. GsXmcp hnj-b-n-emtWm
Ah `nn-Xv, AX-hv shfn-hm-p--Xn-\pw, kXy-\n-tj-[n-I Iw- ]-d-bph Xs bmbn-cpp F-h Adn-tb--Xn-\p-amWXv. Fm kXy-\n-tj-[n-Ifn A[n-I-t]cpw Adn-hn-m--h-cm-Ip-p Fv ]d-n-pv. hniz-kn-p-I-bpw
kI- sNpIbpw sNp--h-cpsS {]m-\-Iv adp-]Sn \Ip--Xn\pw, Ahv Ah-s HuZm-cy-n \nv hn-nv sImSpp-Xn-\pw, Jp-B
aqSn-sh-phv AXn-I-Tn-\-amb in \Ip--Xn\pw thn-bmWv hn[n-Zn-hkw
shn-p-Xv As-n Jp-B Cdn-bn-p-Xv Fv Aqd: 26-epw Amlp
]dnp-v. Cv hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-m-\p-X-Ip Jp-B Bibw Fn-psIm-Sp-- am{XamWv kIw. \oXn(JnkvXzv) -sImv {]Xn-êw \tI-Xn-\v F-Xns hnh, Jp-B\ns Bibw Xpemkmbn, Dc-mbn ChnsS
D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--hv {]Xn-êw \tI-Xn\v FmWv. ]c-tem-Iv kXyamb Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw sImmWv hn[n -I]n-pI Fv kpa: 69, 75, k_Av: 26 Fo kq--fn ]d-Rn-p-v. am-CZ: 8, AAvdm^v: 8-9 t\mp-I. ABw: 26, 94 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
5.
Ah Xs- b m- I pp kqcys\ {]Im- i - a pXpw N{s\ tim`bpXpamn-bXpw, AXns hrnb m\-sf IrXy-ambn
\n-bnpsh-Xpw\n hj-f
- p-sSbpw Xo-Xn-If
- p-sSbpw IW-dn-bp-Xn\v thn. Amlp AsXm-sbpw ey-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmsX krjvSn-n-n-. Ah Xs kq-sf Adn-hp P\-Xpthn hy-ambn hni-Zo-I-cn-p-I-bm-Ipp.
ChnsS kqcys\ {]Im-i-apXmn Fp-]-d-Xv kqcy kzbw {]Im-inpp Fpw, N{s\ tim`-bpXpamn- Fp-]-d-Xv N{ kqcy-{]-Imis
bq\pkvv (10)
241
{]Xn-^-en-n-p-I-bmWv Fp-am-Wv. kqcy-\mWv, AXns NqtS-dnb {]Im-i-am-Wv,
AXn-s\-p-Sv hcp, AXns {]Im-is {]Xn-^-enn-p N{\pamWv
kXyw Fv Awkv: 12 ]d-n-p-v. \_-Av: 13-, \mw BIm-iv Inn-f-p hnf-v \mn-bn-p-sv ]d--Xv kqcy-s\-p-dn-m-Wv. Alvkm_v:
4546- \_nsb hnfnv Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw, kmn-bm-bnpw ktm-jhmb-dn-p--h-\m-bnpw ap-dn-b-nv \Ip-h-\m-bnpw JpB-\ns Bibw
sImv Am-lp-hn-tev hnfn-p--h-\m-bnpw {]tim-`n-p Hcp hnf-mbnsmpamWv \ns \mw Ab-n-p-Xv. {]tim-`n-p hnf-v F-Xns hnh
{]Im-ia
- mb Am-lp-hns {]Im-ia
- mb Jp-B {]Xn-ê
- n-n-p hnfv FmWv.
bmko: 39, N{\v \mw Nne aWvU-e- \n-bn-n-cn-p-p. As\
Ah-km\w AXv ]gb Cu--\-pet]mse DZn Ah--bn-tev Xs aSpp Fp-]-d-n-p-v. N{\v Cs\ hnhn[ aWvU-e- \In-bXv a\pjyv Xn-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw hj--fp-sSbpw Fw IW-mm thn-bm-Wv Fv
]d--Xn \npw N{-hj Ie--dmWv Amlp \n-bn-n-p--Xv Fv a\-nemmw. Fm C\n samw temIv AXv AwKo-I-cnsSpI Cukm \_n
h-Xn-\p-ti-jw am{X-am-bn-cnpw. _Jd: 189, A-Bw: 96, Xu_: 36-37 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
6.
Xo-bmbpw cmhpw ]Iepw amdn-h-cp--Xn-epw, BIm-i--fnepw `qanbnepw Amlp krjvSn-n-p kIe hkvXp--fnepw Amlp-hns\
lrZ-b-n kqn-p P\Xv [mcmfw Zrm-fp-v.
kzK-n krjvSnv `qan-bn-tev \ntbm-Knb a\p-jys Pohn-X-eyw

{km-hns\ Xncn--dn-bp-I, Ah-c-hsc Xncn--dn-bp-I, kzKob Ah ChnsS \ne\nm thn ]cn-{i-an-pI F-Xm-Wv. An-km-Av: 1 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. Amlphns\ Fm-bvtmgpw kvacnp sImv Pohn-p--hv Ah krjvSnn-p kI-e- h-kvXp--fnepw ZrjvSm---fp-sv ]d--Xn-s- hn-h-, Amlp
AXyw bpn-]-c-amb coXn-bn Fm PohnX {]Xn-`m-k--fn-epw, AXn Hfnp-In-S-p bmYmy--fn-tev hnc Nqp ZrjvSm-- \nt]nnpv FmWv. Fm ZpamK-n\nv c-sv t\hgn {]m]n-m
kzbw B{K-ln-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Ib
- pw, kamKw Am-lp-hn-t\mSp tNmZn-p-sImncnp-Ibpw sNphpw, A-amb aX, kwL-S-\, tZi, hwi, enwK ]-]mXfn \nsmw AIv \np--hpamWv AXv Is-m km[n-p-I.
Xzmlm: 114mw kq-ns I]\ A\p-k-cnv "Fs \mYm, F\nv Adnhv
hn-n-p-X-cnI' Fv lrZbw sImv {]mnpsImv Jp-B\ns Bibw
hmbn-p-Ibpw, Nnn-p-Ibpw, {Kln-p-Ibpw, {]Xn-ê
- n-n-p-Ibpw sNp-h
- pw
am{Xt-a AXn\nv ]mT- Dsm-m Ign-bp-Ibpq-. Ben-Cw-dm: 190191,
AAvdm^v: 185 hni-Zo-I-cWw ImWp-I.
7.
\n-b-w \map-ambn Ip-ap--W-sap {]Xo-n-m--h-cpw, ùXn-I-
242
JpB\ns Bmhv
Po-hnXw sImv Xr-]vXnb-Sbp-Ib
- pw AXn Xs kam-[m\w ssIsImp-Ibpw sNbvXhcpw, \psS kq-sfsmv A{i--cm-b-h-cpap-tm!
8.
Aq-cpsS AnaktXw \cIw Xs-bm-Ip-pF-p-sIm-sm, AXm-bn-cpp Ah km-Zn-p-sImncpXv.
imn t\Snb Bmhv am{Xta kzK-n t]mhp-I-bp-f-fq(^Pv: 27-30).

Jp-B\ns Bibw sImv am{X-amWv lrZ-b-v imn e`n-p-I-sbv dAvZv:
28 ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-an-m--h A-hn-izm-k--fpw sXmb
I-co-Xn-Ifpw ]np-Sv \c-Ia
- m-Wv km-Zn-p-I. Ah km-Zn \c-I
- ntev
ac-W-tmsS Ah Xncn-p-t]m-Ip--Xp-am-Wv. A-Bw: 31, 48-49, 93, AAvdm^v:
179, 205 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
XmKq-n\-Sn-a-sv Pohn-n-cp--hv \cIw ASpn-p-sa-pw, Cl-tem-I
Pohn-X-s-p-dnv hnNm-cW t\cn-tS-n-h-cpsav {]Xo-n-m--hcpw, Jp-B
kq- ASnSn Xn--d-bp--h-cp-am-bn-cpp Ah Fpw \_-Av: 27-28
]dnp-v. liv: 18 hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv Amlp ]dbpp: \n Amlp-hns\ kqn-p-I, Hmtcm \^vkpw \mtf-p-thn FmWv aqIqn Hcpn
sh-n-p-sXv t\mn-mWp-Ibpw sNp-I, \n-bw, Amlp \n-fpsS
{]h-\--sfmw t\cs hebw sNbvX {XnIm-e-m-\n-bm-Wv. AlmJ:
19-20, BmtWm he-Xp-I-n {Kw InnbXv, Ah IpSpw-_mw-K--fn-tev
Xncnv lm, Fs {Kw hmbn-p-t\m-p-ho, Rm hnNm-cW {]Xo-n-mWv
sFln-I-tem-Iv Pohn-ncpXv Fv ]dbpXmWv. Fm BmtWm CSXp-I-n {Kw Inn-bXv Ah, Fs \miw, F\n-ss {Kw Inn-bn-cp-nsn F{X \m-bn-cp-t-s\, Rm Fs hnNm-cW Adn-n-p-m-bn-cp-n-sn F{X \mbncp-ts\ Fv hne-]n-pXmWv Fv ap-dn-bnv \Inbnpv. AlmJ: 26-37 kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. _Jd: 286, Xu_: 82, 95 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mpI.
9.
\n-bw kXy-hn-izmkw kzoI-cn-p-I-bpw- kI- A\p-jvTnp-Ibpw sNbvX-hsc, X-fpsS hnizmkw sImv Ah-cpsS \mY
kamK-n-tev \bn-p--Xm-Wv. A\p-{K-l-k-q-amb kzKp-tm-p-I-fn Ah-cpsS Xmgv`mK--fn-eqsS \Zn-I Hgp-In-smncnpXp-am-Wv.
Ah-cpsS hnizm-kw -sImv Fp-]-d--Xns hnh JpB-\ns Bibw- sImv Fm-Wv. AYhm kamK-amb Jp-B kzK-n\n-mWv hXv, AXns\ ]n]-p-hv kzK-n-tev Xs Xncn-p-t]m-Im-hp--Xm-Wv. JpB-\ns Bibw ]n]-p Hcp P\-X-tbmSv, \n-fpsS \mY FmWv CdnbsXv tNmZn-m Ah ]dbpw: Ghpw \-Xv(Jp-B) Fv. Am-lp-hns\
bq\pkvv (10)
243
Ip-sImv Ncn-p--hv Cl-nepw ]c-nepw \-bp-v, ]c-temI`h\w

Cl-tem-Itm D-aambn-cnpw. Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p-hp `h\w A\p-{K-l-k-qw Xs-bm-Ip-p. AsX, \nXym-\p-{K-l--f-Snb kzK-q-tm-p-I. AXn-s Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS Acp-hn-I Hgp-In-smn-cn-p-X
- m-Wv. Ah-Xn Ah-cp-t-in-p-s
- X-m-ap-v. A{]-Im-ca
- mWv Amlp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p--hv {]Xn-êw sImSp-p-I. ]cn-ip-amcmb ae-p-I Ah-cpsS dqlv ]nSn-p-tm ]d-bp--XmWv: "\nv kam-[m\w, \n {]hn-p-sIm-n-cp--Xn\v {]Xn-^-e-ambn kzK-n {]th-in-pI'
Fv \lv: 30-32 ]d-n-pv. \lv: 97 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Alvkm-_v: 43-44
Amlp ]d-bpp: Am-lphpw ae-p-Ifpw hnizm-knIv A\p-{Klw sNbvXpsIm-n-cn-p-pAhsc A-Im-c--fn \nv {]Im-i-n-tev \bn-p--Xn\p-th-n. Ah hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Imcp-Wy-ap--h-\m-bn-cn-p-p. Ah Ahs\
Ip-ap-p Zn\w "kam-[m\w' Fm-bn-cnpw Ah-tcm-Sp Ahs A`n-hm-Zyw.
Ahmbn am\y-amb {]Xn-êw Hcp-n-sh-n-p-v. _Jd: 213, 218, A^m: 24
10.
AXn Ah-cpsS Io\w "Am-lpth \o F{X ]cn-ip-'Fpw

AXn AhcpsS A`nhmZyw "kam-[m-\w'Fpam-bn-cn-pw. Ftmgpw
Fm-bn-Spw kkvXpXnbpw ktemI-fpsS DS-ab
- mb Amlphn\v am{X-am-Ipp F {]Jym-]\n-em-bn-cnpw Ah-cpsS kI-ekw-K-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw ]cy-h-km\w.
^mnl: 1, _Jd: 33 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Am-lp-hnepw AyZn-\nepw hniz-kn-p hnizm-kn-I-fmb Hcp P\X, Am-lp-hn-t\mSpw Ahs ZqXt\mSpw hntcm[wshp ]pep--h-tcmSvAh Ah-cpsS amXm-]n-Xm-, a,
ktlm-Z-c-, As-n F{X ASp--h-cm-sW-nepw icnaa-X-bn hn-pI-bn-. Aq--cpsS lrZ-b--fn-emWv hnizmkw tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p--Xv. Amlp-hn \np Hcp dqlpssN-X\ywsImv Ahsc in-s-Sp-p-Ibpw, Xmgv`mK-fneqsS \Zn-I HgpInsmn-cn-p kzK-q-tm-p-I-fn Ahsc {]thin-n-pIbpw sNp--XmWv. AXn Ah \nXy-hm-kn-I-fm-bn-cn-pw Amlp
Ahscsmpw Ah Ahs\smpw Xr]vXn-s Aq Xs-bmWv Amlp-hns kwL-m. A-dn-n-cnpI,- A-m-lp-hns kwL-m am{X-am-Wv hnPbw
hcn-p-I Fv apPm-Zne: 22 ]d-n-p-v. amCZ: 55-56 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
Cl-tem-Iv kamK-amb Jp-B\ns Bibw D]-tbm-K-s-Spnbhcpw,
PohnXn hyn-]c
- hpw IpSpw-_]
- c
- hpw kmaq-ly-]chpamb Fm CS-]mSpIfnepw
Jp-B\ns amKw kzoI-cn--h-cpw, AXntXm amK Xnc-kvI-cn--h-cpam-Wv kzK-n {]th-in-n--s-Sp B hnizm-kn-I. AYhm Ah ChnsS
kzKw ]Wn-XhcmWv. Ben-Cw-dm: 136, AAvdm^v: 43 hni-Zo-I-cWw Iqn-hm-bnpI. Hmtcm Imsh-n-epw Hmtcm Pohn-X-L--nepw sXpw icnbpw kXyhpw
244
JpB\ns Bmhv
Ak-Xyhpw hnth-Nn--dn-bm\pw kXy-amK-n Ddp\nm\pw Ak-Xy-amKn\nv c-s-Sm-\p-w Ahv km[n-Xv _Jd:185 ]d Dc-pw, ABw: 104- ]d DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Ihp-amb Jp-B\ns Bi-bw D]-tbm-K-s-Spn-bXv sImmWv.
kpa: 73, sFln-I-tem-Iv X-fpsS \mYs\ `b-spPohn-n-cp--hsc,
hnNm-cW
-
- p-tijw kzK-n-tev Iqw Iq-ambn \bn-s
- -Sp-Ib
- pw, AhnsS Fnbm AXns hmXn Xpd--s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-tm AXns ]mdm-hp-Im AhtcmSp ]d-bp--Xm-Wv: "-\np kam-[m-\w, \Xp Xs, \n imiz-X-ambn
{]th-in-p-sIm-p-I'. Cl-n Ah Fm-bvtmgpw Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-psImp \ne-sIm--p-Ibpw, Fm-bvtmgpw Am-lp-hns\ hmgvp-Ibpw sNbvXncp, Ah\pthn am{Xw Pohn Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-bn-cp-p Fv ]d-npv. bmko: 5557, kzK-hm-kn-IfpsS A\p-`q-Xn-I hnh-cn--tijw 58,
Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bmb Ah-cpsS \mY-\n \np Ah-tcm-Sp hmv kam-[m\w
Fm-bn-cnpw Fpw ]d-n-pv. AtX kz`mhw Xs-bmbncnpw kzK-nepw
Ah-cp-tS-sXmWv kqw ]Tn-n-p--Xv.
11.
Cl-tem-Iv a\p-jy t\pthn [rXn-Im-Wn-pXpt]mse

Ahv Xnhcp-p--Xn Am-lphpw [rXn-Im-Wn-ncp-psh-n
Ah-cpsS A-h[n Ftm Ah-km-\n-np-am-bn-cp-p. Atm \s
Ip-ap-p-sap {]Xonm-hsc Ah-cpsS [nm-c-n eyt_m-[-an-msX hnl-cn-p--Xn-\v \mw Agn-p-hn-n-cn-pIbm-Ipp.
a\p-jy krjvSn--s-Xv [rXn-m-c-\m-bn-m-sWv An-bm-Av: 37- ]dnpv. Ckvdm-Av: 11 Amlp ]d-bpp: a\p-jy \-p-thn {]mnp--Xn-t\-m Xn-p-th-n-bmWv {]mn-p--Xv. a\p-jy [rXn-m-c
Xs-bm-Wv. Fm Am-lp-hn-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p hnizm-kn-I a
ssIsIm-p-h-cpw kl-\-io-e-cp-am-Wv. Jnbma: 20-21 kq--fn, \n CltemIw am{Xw Imwn-p [rXnmcpw ]c-tem-Is shSn--h-cp-am-sWv
kXy-\n-tj-[n-Isfpdnv ]d-n-p-v. Ckm: 27, \nbw Cq- [rXnsb
CjvSs
- -Sp-h
- c
- pw, Ah-cpsS ]nn-ep `mcwIqSnb Zn\s shSn-h
- c
- p-am-sWpw
]d-n-p-v. \n- Cu ]d-bp-Xv kXy-am-sW-n, Ftm-gmWv Cu hmKvZw
\S-nhcnI Fv amapivcnp-Ifpw Fm-Im-e-p-ap \ntj-[n-Ifpw, {]hm-NI-t\mSpw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw tNmZn-psav bq\pkv: 48, An-bm-Av: 38, kPZ: 28,
k_-Av: 29, bmko: 48, apIv: 25 XpS-nb kqfn ]d-bp-p-v. bq\p-kv:
19, \ns \mY-\n \np hN\w apI-S-n-n-m-bn-cp-s-n, \mw AhnS-bn-ep `nn-n Xocp-am\w I]npI Xs sNp-am-bn-cp-sp ]d-npv. AYhm AXn-s\mcp Ah[n Amlp \n-bn-n-pv.
\_n ]Tn-np: JpB-\ns {]h-N-\- \S-n-em-bn-m-Wm [rXn-Im-Wnp--h-cpw, Fm Jp-B-\ns Bibw a\-n-em-m [rXnImWn-m--h-cp-
bq\pkvv (10)
245
amb Hcp P\X hcp--Xn\v apv \n Jp-B ]Tn-p-I. Atm hnizm-knI ]c-tem-I-t-p-thn Cl-temI PohnXw Jp-B-\ns XW-en Nn-s-Spm [rXn-Im-Wn-p--h-cpw, Jp-Bs\ Xpem-kmbn PohnX cwK--fn-semw D]tbm-Ks
- -Sp-p-Ibpw ap Pv D]-tbm-Ks
- -Sp-m \IpIbpw sNbvXpsImv
`qan-bpsS Bbpv \om thn {]hn-p--h-cm-Wv. Fm \ntj-[n-I ]ctem-Iw ad-p-sImv, PohnX eyw ad-p-sImv `qansb \in-n-p--Xn\v thn
[rXn-Im-Wn-p--h-cm-Wv. Ahs-Xn-cn JpB kmyw-h-ln-p-Ibpw hmZnp-Ibpw sNpw. A-Bw: 12, AAvdm^v: 53, A^m: 32-33 hni-ZoI-cWw
t\mpI.
12.
a\p-jys\ Hcp ZqcnXw _m[nm InS-p-sImpw As-n Ccpp-sImpw As-n \np-sImpw Ah \tmSv {]mn-psIm-n-cn-pw. Atm \mw Ah-s\-smv Ahs ZpcnXw \on-f-m-tem, Ahs\ _m[n Hcp ZqcnXn-epw H-cn-epw \tmSv
{]mn-n-t-bn F-an \S-p-I-bm-bn. A{]Imcw AXn-cp-I-hnbp-hv Ah- {]hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Xv Ae-m-c-am--s-ncn-pp.
a\p-jy-cpsS sam-n-ep kz`m-h-am-Wn-Xv. ZpxJk-a-bv Fm-hcpw Amlp-hns\ kvacn-p-w, Fm kpJka-bv Bcpw kvacn-p-Ib
- n-. kpJka-bpw
Zp:Jka-bpw BcmtWm Hcp-t]mse Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-p-X
- v, Ah-cmWv hnizmkn-I. Ahv ZpxJap-m-hp-I-bn-. kpa: 8 Amlp ]d-bpp: a\p-jy-s\mcp ZpcnXw _m[n-m Ah Xs dn-tev ]q-am-bn-n-cnv Ah-t\mSv
{]mn--em-bn. ]ns Ah-\n \np-smcp ImcpWyw Ah\v e`n-m apv
Am-lp-hns\ hnfnv {]mnn-cp Imcyw Ah ad-p-p. Am-lp-hns
amK-n \nv P\-sf XS-bp-X
- n-\mbn Ah Am-lp-hn\v ]I-c
- msc shpp. \o ]d-bpI: \ns \ntj-[w- sImv \o A]-Imew kpJn-p-I, \nbw \o
\c-I-ns kl-hm-kn-I-fn s]-h Xs-bm-Ip-p. Adqw: 33-34 Amlp
]d-bpp: a\p-jysc Hcp ZpcnXw ]nSn-s]-m Ah X-fpsS \mY-\n-tep
aSnsmv Ah-t\mSv {]mn-pp, ]ns Ah-\n \np Hcp ImcpWyw
Ahsc cpNn-n-mtem, Ah-cn \np Hcp hn`mKw X-fpsS \mY-\n ap-hsc ]p-Im-cm-p-p\mw Ahv \Inb A\p-{Kln\p \ntISv ImWn-p-h\mbnsmv. Atm \n eyt_m-[a
- n-msX Pohn-p-I, ASpp Xs
AXns ]cn-WnXn \n Adn-bp-p-v. kpa: 49, Atm a\p-jys\ Hcp
ZpcnXw _m[n-m Ah \tmSv {]mn--em-bn, ]ns \n \np Hcp
A\p-{Klw Ah\p e`n-m Ah ]d-bpw: \nbw CXv Fs Adn-hn-\m F\np
\I-s--Xm-Ip-p, A, AXh\v \mi-am-Wv]-co--W-am-Wv, ]t Ah-cn
A[n-I-t]cpw Adn-hn-m--h-cm-Ip-p Fp-]-d-n-p-v. epJvam: 3132, Ien k-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-tm ae-I-sftm-W-ap Xnc-am-e-I Ahsc aqSnbm Ah PohnXw apgp-h Am-lp-hn\p kan-p-sImv Ahs\ hnfnp
246
JpB\ns Bmhv
{]mn-p--Xm-Wv. \mw Ahsc Ic-bn-tev c-s-Sp-n-bmtem, Ah-cn

anXXzw(\o-Xn) ]men-p--h-cpv. kzbw h-Icpw \ntj-[n-I-fp-am-b-h-c-msX
\psS kq-sfmv hntcm[wshp Xn-p-I-bn-. AAvdm^v: 189-190 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
\bpw Xn-bp-samw Ah-c-h Xs Dm-p--Xm-Wv. "-Amlv' Fp
kvac-W-tbm-Sp-IqSn Fm- Im-cyhpw Am-lp-hn-t\mSv tNmZnv {]hn-p-I-bm-sWn Xn-I hcn-I-bn-. An-km-Av: 7879 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. ]cn-[n- ewLn-p-hcpw [q-Sn-p--hcpw ]nim-Nns ktlm-Z-c--fm-Wv. ]nim-Nm-h-s,
Xs \mY-t\mSp \n-sI--h-\p-am-Wv. Ckvdm-Av: 27-, liv: 19 t\mp-I. Ah-cpsS
{]h-\- ]nimNv Ahv Ae-m-c-amn ImWn-p -sIm-Sp-p--Xm-Wv. JpB\ns Bi-b-n\nv AIeptm-gmWv C-s\-sbmw kw`-hn-p--Xv.
"Amlv' F kvacW \ne-\nm-\p GI-amKw Jp-Bs Bibw am{X-amWv. amCZ: 90-91 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mp-I. Fm k
- a
- p-Zm-b
- s
- fbpw hn]-p- sImpw
maw sImpw ]co-n-p-sap amCZ: 94-s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ]d-n-p-v.
AAvdm^v: 94-96 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-w t\mpI.
Am-lpth, Rsf \o AXn-{I-a-Im-cn-Ifpw AXn-cp-I-hn-bp--hcpw \mi-Imcn-Ifpw [nm-cn-Ifpw [q-Snph-cp-am--cp-tX. Am-lpth, Rsf \o \ns
IpsImv Ncn-p--hcpw \n\v a\kmhmNmIaWm kan-p--hcpw
\ntmSv hn\o-Xcpw \ntmSv hW--ap--hcpw \ns am{Xw `b-s-Sp--hcpamtWta.
13.
\n-b-w \npapv [mcmfw \mSp-Isf Ah A{I-an-I-fm-b-tm

\mw \in-n-n-p-v. Ah-cn-tev \ntbm-Kn--s ZqXam shfn]mSpw sImv Ah-cn-tev hn-p-m-bn-cp-p. Fm Ah hnizkn-p--h-cm-bn--. A{]ImcamWv \mw {`mam-cmb Hcp P\-Xv
{]Xn-êw sImSp-p-I.
GXv \mSn-s\bpw AXnse \nhm-kn-I apgp-h\pw A{I-an-Ifpw [nm-cn-I-fpw

{`mamcpw Bbtm-gmWv Amlp \in-n-n-p--Xv. AYhm Ah-cpsS \min\v ImcWw Ah-c-h Xs-bmWv. A-Bw: 123-124, AAvdm^v: 37-40, hni-Zo-IcWw t\m-p-I.
14.
]ns Ahp-tijw `qan-bn \mw \nsf {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-n-bn-cnp-p\n- Fs\ {]hn-p-sv \mw Idnbp--Xn-\pth-n.
apImes P\-X-I A{I-a-n-sbpw [nm-c-n-sbpw amKw Ah-ew_n-p-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. Xsf amK-Zi\w sNm \nbp--cmb {]hmN-Isc
Ah A\p-k-cn-n-. X^-e-ambn Ah \psS ]co--W-n ]cm-Pn-X-cm-bn.
bq\pkvv (10)
247
Cv Jp-B A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNp-Xv Fm a\p-jy-tcbpw, {]tXy-Inv
apkvenwI-tfbpam-Wv. apkvenwI-fpsS _m[y-X-bmWv Jp-B\ns ktiw samw
a\p-jysc Adn-bn-. Fm AXp \n-ln-p-n-sp am{X-a-, Jp-B
Inm-smcp P\-X-tb-m A[x]Xn Pohn-X-amWv temI-s-hn-sSbpw Ah
\bn-p-s
- Xp ImWm-hp-X
- m-Wv. Cv temI-s-hn-sSbpw hnizm-kn-If
- psS kwLan, hnizm-kn-IfpsS kwL-ap-s-n Ahv A[n-Imcw \Ip-sav Aq:
55 ]d-n-p-v. hnizm-kn-Iv A[n-Imcw e`n-m Ah Jp-B aqSn-shp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf h[nv An-km-Av: 91, Xu_: 123, Alv-km-_v: 61 kq-fpsS I]\ \S-n-emtn h-cp--Xm-Wv. AXpt]mse Jp-B\ns Fm
hn[n-hn-e-p-Ifpw \S-n-em-m Ah _m[ycm-bn-cn-pw. Cv Jp-B aqSnsh-p Ip^v^m-dp-I-tfm-Spw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfmSpw Jp-B sImp PnlmZv
am{X-am-Wp-Xv. Xu_: 73 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Cukm \_n hm hnizmkn-I A[n-Im-c-n hcn-I-bpw ap\m-^n-Jp-Isf h[nv Jp-B\ns I-\-I
\S-n-em-p--Xp-am-Wv.
hnizm-kn-Iv Xs-bmWv `qan A\--c-h-Imiambn \Ip-I. kpa: 74,
kzK-n {]th-in-n--s hnizm-kn-I ]d-bp--Xm-Wv: R-tfmSp sNbvX
hmKvZw kXy-s-Spn Am-lp-hn-\mWv kvXpXn, `qan-sb Rv A\-cm-h-Imiw \In-, C\nbntm kzK-n RnjvSw t]mse ew
]nSn-m-atm At? {]hn-p--hv Inm t]mIp {]Xn-êw F{X- A\p-{Klkqw! kzKw {]hnp hmt--Xm-sW-w. hnizm-kn-I
`qan-bn Fhn-sSbpw Xe-bp-bnsmv \S-p--h-cm-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm: 79 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I. `qan-bn H-hn-izm-knbpw Cm- A-h--bn temIw Ahkm-\n-p-Ibpw sNpw. An-km-Av: 91, A^m: 33, A-Bw: 131, AAvdm^v: 5,
129 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
15.
\psS hy--amb kq- Ahv Bi-b-tm-Sp-IqSn hnh-cnpsIm-Sp-m \s Ip-ap-p-sav Bin-m P\w ]d-bp-p: CXm thsdmcp Jp-B sImp-h-cn-I, As-n CXn Nnet`-ZK-Xn-I hcpp-I. \o ]d-bp-I: CXv Fn \np-X-m--Xn\m F\nXn Fs-nepw am-n-cp--ep-I hcp-m km[ya-. \nbw Rm, F\nv e`n-p Znhy-kti-sfbmsX
]n]-ph-\-. \nbw Rm, Fs \mY-t\mSv [nmcw ImWnp-I-bm-sW-n Hcp \mfnse hn insb `b-s-Sp-p.
Jp-B k-{k-jvSm-hns hN-\-fm-Wv. {kmhv Ahs krjvSn-I-fneqsS kwkm-cnpXm-bn-mWv tIp--h AXns\ ]cn-K-Wn-t--Xv. {kmhv
t\cn kwkm-cn-p-tm ImWn-t hn\bhpw A-S-hpw {ibpw Ah
ImWn-p-Ibpw thWw. AAvdm^v: 204 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. An-km-Av: 105
Amlp ]d-bp-p: \nbw \nsta ey-tm-Sp-IqSn \mamWv Cu {Kw
248
JpB\ns Bmhv
Ah-X-cn-n-n-p-Xv, P\-n-S-bn A-mlp Dt-in- -hn[w AXp-sImv hn[nI]n- m- \ mWv AXnd- n- b - X v . \o Hcn- epw h- I am- v thn hmZnph\mIcp-Xv. Ckvdm-Av: 73-75 kq--fn, Ahv km[n-pambn-cps-n,
\mw \n\v Znhy-ktiw \InbXn, \-p-sS -ta \mw \Im-Xv Btcm-]nm-\mbn Ah \ns ^nXv\-bn AI-s-Sp-pI Xs sNp-am-bn-cpp. \o
AXn\hv hg-n-bn-cp-s-n Ah B-an-{X-ambn \ns sXsc-s-Sp-pIbpw sNp-am-bn-cp-p. \ns \mw Dd-np \nn-bn-n-m-bn-cp-s-n \o Ahcn-tev A]-kz]w Nmp-t]m-Ip-am-bn-cp-p. As\ sNbvXm \ns Cln Cc-n-in-, ac-W-n\ptijhpw Cc-n-in \mw cpNn-n-pI Xs sNpw.
]ns \ap-s-Xnsc Hcp klm-bn-sbbpw \o Is-pI-bp-an- Fv ]d-npv.
]nim-Nns\ ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-n-smv lv: 52- Amlp ]d-bpp: \n\v
apv Hcp {]hm-N-I-s\bpw \_n-sbbpw \mw Ab-n-n-Atlw Hv ]d-bm
Xp\n-bp-tm-tgpw ]nimNv Atlns Dt-iy-n CS-s]-n--m-sX. Atm
Amlp ]nimNv Cp-sIm-Sp-Xv ambvp-I-f-bp-Ibpw, ]ns Ahs kq-
Ah-\p-t-in cq]-n XXz-\n`-c-am-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Amlp bpn-\mb k--\tm. 53-, ]nimNv Cp-sIm-Sp-Xv, X-fpsS lrZ-b--fn
tcmK-ap-hpw lrZ-b- In-p-t]m-b-hpw Hcp ^nXv\-bm-nbn-cn-p-p.
\n-b-w Ccw A{I-an-I Jp-B-\n\nv hnZq-c-ambn hnL-Snv t]mb-h Xsbm-Wv Fpw, 54-, Adnhv Innb BfpIv, \nbw AXv \ns \mY-\n
\np kXy-am-sWv Adn-bp--Xn-\pw, Ah AXp-sImv hniz-kn-p--Xn-\pw,
a\-m--hm-Nm--IWm AXnt\mSv lrZ-bw-sImv hW-p-Xn\pw thnbmWXv. \nbw Amlp hnizm-kn-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xsb Ghpw sNmmb amKntev amK-Zi\w sNp--Xp-am-Wv Fpw, 55-, Im^n-dp-I- B Jp-B\ns Imcy-n-ep kwi-b-n\n,v Ahv acWw hcp-Xp-hsc Asn hy-bmb Hcp-Zn\w hp-s]-Sp--Xp-hsc hnv \npI-bn- Fpw ]d-np-v. lv: 72, \psS hy-amb kq Bi-b-tm-Sp-IqSn hnh-cn-psIm-Sp-m, \ntj-[n-I-fpsS apJ-v hntcm[w Ifn-bm-Sp-Xv \n\p ImWmw.
Ah \psS kq- hni-Zo-I-cn-p--h-tcmSv Xn--b-dp-Xpw As-n
Ah-cpsS Imen-\-Sn-bnse av \on-f-bp-Xp t]mep t\mw t\mp--XpamWv. Ah-tcmSp tNmZn-p-I: CXn-tesd Xn-bm-bXv Fm-sWv Rm \np
]d-p-X-c-stbm? \cIw, AXmWv \ntj-[n-Iv Amlp hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-cnp--Xv, F{X- Zp-jn aS--ew!
Jp-B kq--fpsS Bibw P\--fpsS `mj-bn hni-Zo-I-cnv a\-nemnsmSp--tm, FmIme-p-ap \ntj-[n-Isftmse Cs \ntj[n-Ifpw ]d-bp--XmWv: As\ ]d-bm ]mSn-, ab-n ]d-b-Ww, As-n
Ctm ]d-bm Bbn-n-, Ipd-p-IqSn Ign-b-Ww, AXn\p P\- ]Iz-X-bm-bn-n, Fm-hcpw Jp-B ]Tnm--h-cm-Wv, Atm H-b-Snp Jp-B Bi-b-adn-bmsX HmXn-bm ]pWy-an-sp ]d-bm ]mSn-. AAvdm^v: 176 D-cn-v, Jp-
bq\pkvv (10)
249
B\ns Bibw Adn-nv ap--hv ]d-p-sIm-Sp-m ]WvUn-X-s\-bpw,
Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-m P\-X-sbbpw D]-{Z-hn-mepw Csnepw amw hcm ]n-tbmSv D]-an-n-cn-pp Fp-]-d-bp-tm, \_n Bsc-sbnepw ]n-bm-n-bn-ptm? FmWv Ah tNmZn-p-I. Amlp ]d--Xm-WnsXv {in-p-tIm, \c-I-n ]n-bpsS cq]-n ]p\PohnnsSm
hn[n--s Cu sI- P-\-Xv a-bn-. Fs AXn s]Sp--cp-sXv {]mnp--Xn\p ]Icw, Jp-B-\n As\ ]d-n-p-sp ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p-hs t\sc-bmWv Ah-cpsS FSp-p-Nm-w. AXp-t]mse Jp-B\ns Bi-b-an-sn {]m\ kzoI-cn-p-I-bn-s-pw hnizm-kn-bm-hpIbn-spw _Jd: 186
hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p-Xv Ahsc DWp-tm, AXp {in-msX CXp-hsc \akvIcn--sXms kzoI-cn--s-Sp-I-bn-s-mtWm \o ]d-bp--Xv Fm-W-h tNmZnpI. Fm kzoI-cn--s-Sm \a-kvImcmpw t\mp-Imp-amWv ]ngbm-bnv \cIw Inp-I-sbp ^pJm: 65-66 kq--fn ]d-bp-Xv Ch hmbnp-pap-v. Im^n-dp-I, A{I-an-I, [nm-cnI, {`mam, Bi-b--h, {]RvPb--h, ey-t_m[w \jvS-s--h XpS-n-b-h Bcm-sWv ]d-p-X-cp kq Ch hmbn-p-p-snepw Bibw Adn-v Nnn-m--Xp-sImv X
Xs-bm-W-sXv kzbw k-Xn-p-n-. AAvdm^v: 37 {]Imcw R Im^n-dmbncppshv ac-W-k-a-bv Ah kzbw kmyw hln-tn hcpw. _Jd:
254, Ben-Cw-dm: 10, A-Bw: 33, AAvdm^v: 203 kq- t\mp-I.
16. ]d-bp-I: Amlp Dt-in-n-cp-s-n Cu Jp-B Rm \nv
Bibw hniZoI-cnv -X-cnItbm AXns\ kw_-nv \nsf Adnbn-p-I-tbm C-m-bncp-p. CXn\papv Rm Iptd h-bv \n-fn
Ign-p-Iq-n-bn-pXmW-tm. Atm \n _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knv
Nnn-p-n-tbm?
Jp-B \_n sIn--a--Xm-Wv, As-n AXn am- hcp--Ww
Fsms ]d-bp-h
- t- cm-Sp adp-]S- n-bm-W0n-Xv. AI-_q-v: 48, \o CXn\papv
Hcp {Khpw Xnem-hv sNp--h-\m-bn-cp-n--tm, \ns he-Xv ssIsImv \o
Fgp-Xp--h-\p-am-bn-cp-n-. A-s\-bm-bn-cp-s-n Cu anYym-hm-Zn-Iv kwibn-m-am-bn-cp-p Fpw, 49, Fm Jp-B Adnhv e`n--h-cpsS s\pIfn kphy---fmb sXfn kq-Xsbm-Wv. A{I-an-I-fmsX \psS
kq-sfsmv hntcm[w-shv Xn-pI-bn- Fpw ]dnpv. _Jd:
44, An-km-Av: 174-175 AAvdm^v: 35-37, 146-147 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
17.
Atm Am-lp-hnsta Iw- sI-n--ap ]d-bp--h-t\m

As-n Ahs kq-sf If-hmn Xn--d-bp--h-t\-m
Ghpw henb B{I-an-bm-cm-Wp-Xv? \nbw Ccw {`mam
Hcn-epw hnPbw hcn-p-I-bn Xs.
AXm-bXv Cu kq- Am-lp-hn-t-X-msX Rm sIn--av Am-lp-
250
JpB\ns Bmhv
hn-t-Xmbn Ah-X-cn-n-p-I-bm-sW-n Ft-m henb A{I-an-bn-. Fm

bYm-nenXv Am-lp-hn-t-Xm-sWncns Ahsb \ntj-[n-p- \n-fmWv
Ghpw henb A{I-an-Ifpw {`mamcpw. Bibw Adn-nv AXn\v hncp--amb
PohnX coXn P\-a-[y-n Ah-X-cn-n-pkq-- hf-sm-Sn-p-Ibpw aqSnsh-p-I-bpw sNp-hnNm-cWbnmsX \c-I-ns ASn--n ]Xn-p a\pjy-n-im-Np-fmb I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-Ifpw; Jp-B\
- ns Bibw hp-In-n-bX
- n\v tijw
AXv ]Tn-m {ian-mJp-B Fv, Fn-\v, FvsImv? Fsmpw a\n-em-m {ianm-- t- _m-[a
- n-msX Ccw I]-Sh
- n-iz-kn-Isf A-ambn ]n]p apkvenw km[mc-W-mcpamWv Ghpw henb A{I-an-Ifpw {`mamcpsav
_Jd: 254, Ben-Cw-dm: 192, An-km-Av: 140, amCZ: 45, 51, A-Bw: 21, 55, 93,
AAvdm^v: 40, X u_: 23, 66, 70 kq--fn ImWpI.
18.
Ah Am-lp-hns\qSmsX Xv D]-{Z-htam D]-Im-ctam

sNm Ign-hn-m-hsb C_m-Zv sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p--h-cm-Ipp. Ah hmZn-p-p, Cq- Am-lp-hns-b-Sp Rpthn ip]-mi sNp--h-cm-Wv. \o tNmZn-pI: BIm-i--fntem
`qan-bntem D-Xmbn Am-lp-hn\v Adnbm Imcy- \n
Ah\v Adn-bn-p-sIm-Sp-p-I-bmtWm? Ah Pn-p ]m-fn-n \nsmw AXyp-X\pw AXoh ]cn-ip--\p-a-s{X Ah.
aChnsS C_m-Zv sIm-p-t-in-p--Xv, Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsXbp-hsc

hnfnp {]mn-pI, Ahsc Am-lp-hn-te--S-pn-p ip]mi-mcmbpw CSbm-fam-cmbpw ]cn-KWnp-I(kpa: 3 t\mp-I), Am-lp-hn-\-msX t\-h-gn]m-Sp-I t\cp-I, Am-lp-hn-s\-b-msX `b-s-Sp-I, Am-lp-hn-\p-th-n-b-msX
Pohn-pI XpS-nb Bi-b--sfmam-Wv. ^mnl: 4, AAvdm^v: 53, bq\p-kv: 3,
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Hcp kwK-Xn Am-lp-hns Adn-hn-en-s-v ]d-m
AXns Aw As\ Hv Xosc-bn-s-m-Wv. ImcWw D-sXmw Am-lphns Adn-hn-epw , -{K--nepwJpB\nepw tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p-sv lv: 70,
k_-Av: 3, lZoZv: 22 XpS-nb kq--fnsemw ]d-n-p-v. AXp-sIm-mWv
\n kXy-hmam-cm-sW-n _plmsX-fn-hv sImp-h-cn-Isbv _Jd:
111 ]d--Xv. _plm Jp-B-\m-sWv An-km-Av: 174 ]d-n-p-v.
XtmSv ip]mi sNm BIm-itm `qan-bntem h-h\pw D-Xmbn Am-lphns Adn-hn-en, {K-n tcJ-s-Sp-n-b-Xmbn ImWp-p-an-. ]ns GXp
ip]mi-Is\pdn-mWv \n Ah-t\mSv ]d-bp-Xv? FmWv CXp-ap-tJ\ tNmZnp--Xv. ^pJm: 55-, Ah Am-lp-hn-s\-q-SmsX Ahv D]-Im-c-tam, D]{Z-htam hcp-m Ign-bm--hsc hnfnv {]mn-p--h-cm-Wv. Acm Xs
\mYs\ {]I-S-ambn \ntj-[n-p--h Xs-bm-sWv ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 255,
An-km-Av: 116-117, A-Bw: 19, 51, Xu_: 59 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Ah P]n-p ]m-fn--n \nsmw AXyp-X\pw AXoh ]cn-
bq\pkvv (10)
251
ip--\p-a-s{X Ah Fv ]d--Xns hnh, Jp-B kan-p hn[-n
Am-lp-hn hniz-kn-m-X
- n\m Ah-cpsS hniz-mktam A\pjTm-\
- tfm Amlp-hn-tev Fp-n- FmWv. Ah-\p-ambn Ahv bmsXmcp _-hp-an-,
adnv ]nim-Np-am-bn-mWv Ahp _w. AXpsImv Ah-cpsS aSw Ahs
hoSmb \c-I-n-te-p-am-Wv. AAvdm^v: 40-41 t\mp-I.
19.
BZy-n a\p-jy-scmw H-ka

- p-Zm-ba
-
- msX Bbn-cp-n-Fmeh
`nnp. \ns \mY-\n\np hN\w apI-S-n-p-m-bn-cp-n-sn, Ah `nn Imcy-n Ahn-S-bn A-tm Xs hn[nIn-p-am-bn-cp-p.
_Jd: 113, 213, bq\p-kv: 11 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
20.
Ah tNmZn-p-Ibpw sNp-p: FmWv Cu {]hm-N-I\v Xs \mY\n \np Hcp Znhym-pXw Ah-X-cn-n--s-Sm--Xv? Atm
\o ]d-bp-I: \nbw ad-- Im-cy-sfmw Amlphn\pXm-Ipp. AXp-sImv \n Imn-cn-phn, \nbw Rm\pw \ntfm-sSmw Imn-cn-p--h-\m-Ip-p.
A-Bw: 124, AAvdm^v: 203 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I. Amlp Ah-X-cn-nXv Rm \n-fpsS apn Ah-Xc
- n-n-n-p-v, Ah Ah-Xc
- n-n-m-Xv F\npw
\npw AZr-iy-amb Imcy-am-Ip-p. Ah-\p-t-in-p]w AXv Ah AhX-cn-n-pw, Am--]w Ah-X-cn-n-p-I-bpan-. Ah Ah-X-cn-n-m-Xv AhX-cn-n-s-nte kXy-hn-izmkw ssIsm-p-I-bpq Fm-sW-n \n AXpw
Imn-cp-p-sIm-p-I, Rm\pw \n-tfm-sSmw Imn-cp-p-sIm-mw. kPZ: 28-30
hnizm-kn-Ip hnP-b-Zn\w Ftm-gm-sWv tNmZn-p \ntj-[n-I-tfmSv
]d- b m \_n- t bmSv I]n- pp: Xocp- a m- \ - Z n\n hnizmkw kzoIcnpXpsImv \ntj-[n-Iv bmsXmcp D]-Im-ch
- p-ap-m-hp-Ib
- n-, Ahv kmhImiw \Ip-I-bp-an-. Atm \o Ahsc Ah-K-Wn-p-Ibpw Imn-cn-p-Ibpw
sNpI, \nbw Ahcpw Imn-cn-p--h-cm-Ipp. amCZ: 109, A-Bw: 36, 111,
bq\pkv: 15-16, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
21.
P\-sf _m[n Hcp Zpcn-X-n-\v -tijw \mw Ahsc Hcp ImcpWyw

cpNn-n-m DSs\ Ah-cXm \psS kq--fp-sS- Im-cy-n X{ sa\-p-Xp-S-p-p. Ah-tcmSp ]d-bp-I: Amlp \n-tf-m
thK-n X{w sa\-bp--h-\m-Wv. \nbw \psS ZqXam
\n sa\-bp KqV-X-{-sfmsbpw tcJ-s-Spn-sh-p--hcm-Ipp.
bq\pkv: 12 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. d-AvZv: 41-42 \nbw \mw Cu `qanbn hp-sIm-n-cn-p--Xpw, AXns hrs \m\m-h-i--fn\nv Npcpn
252
JpB\ns Bmhv
smn-cnp-Xpw Ah ImWp-n-stm? Amlp \nn-S-bn hn[n-psIm-n-cn-p-p. Ahs hn[nIsf ]p\x]cn-tim-[n-p--h-cmbn Bcp-an. Ah

thK-n hnNm-cW sNp--h-\p-am-Ip-p. Ahv apv Ign-p-t]m-bn-p
P\-fpw henb henb X{-- ]b-n t\mnbn-p-v. Fm Fm X{-fpw- Am-lp-hns ]-emIp-p. Fm Hmtcm B-m-hpw Fv t\Sn-sm-n-cnp-sv Ah Adn-bp-p. Atm BmWv \]-cyhkm\-sav Cu \ntj[-n-\p-ta \ntj[w ssIsm-p Ip^v^m-dp-I ASpv Xs Adn-bpw
Fv ]d-n-pv. \mw `qan-bn hcnI Fp-]-d-m, Amlp t\cnphcnI
F-. _Jd: 210 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. adnv Jp-B-\ns kzm[o\w hnhn[
aqe-I-fn-tev ]c-p- sIm-n-cn-pIbpw \m\m-`m-Kpw \ntj-[n-IfpsS kzm[o\w
IpSp-mbn hcnIbpw sNpI Fm-Wv. CsXmw B]-ns ASbm-f-a-s-n
]ns FmWv? `qan-bpsS ]cn-[nsb \mw Npcpn sImp-h-cpp Fm, JpB-\ns {]N-cWw Am-lp-hn \nmWv Dm-hp--Xv, AXv \n-ln-p--hcpsS IqsS-bmWv Am-lp. AXn-\m `qan-bpsS GXp-`m-Kpw Cu {]t_m-[\w
hym]n-p-Xns\pdnv "-\mw hym]n-pp' FmWv Amlp ]d-bp-Xv. Amlp
Xs-bmWv JpB, Jp-B Xs-bmWv Amlp Fv AAvdm^v: 143s
hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ImWp-I. Jp-B-\m-Ip {]Im-is DuXn-sSp-m \ntj[n-I {ian-pIXs sNpw. Fm Amlp Ahs {]Imiw ]qn-bmmsX ]nhm-p-I-bn-sv Xu_: 32-33 ]d-n-p-v.
Jm^v: 18, dJo_v, AXoZv Fo ae-p-I- tcJ-s-Sp-msX Hcmfpw
Hcphmpw D-cn-p-n-sv ]d-n-p-v. C^n-Xm: 10-12 kq-f
- n, \nbw
\n-fp-sS-ta kqn-p-Imsc Gn-pIXs sNbvXn-p-v, _lp-am-\y-cmb
Fgp-p-Im. Ah \n {]hn-p--sXmw Adn-bp-p. Ad-AvZv: 11 Iqnhm-bn-p-I. Azm-cn-Jv: 4, Fm Hmtcm Bm-hn\pw AXns Hcp kqn-pIm-c-\p-v. CXn\p ]pdsa Amlp Xs Fm Hmtcm a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw ]nc-Sn-bn
tkm^vvshbIa-tc-J m]nn-p-sv Ckvdm-Av: 13-14 ]d-n-p-v. hn[nZn-hkw AXv Ducn-sb-Spv Ah-c-hsc sImv hmbn-nv AhcpsS hnNm-cW
AhscsmpXs \S-nnp-Xm-Wv.
Cv temI-p a\p-jy-k-aq-l-n, JpB kan-p apivcnp-Ifp-sSbpw Im^n-dp-I-fp-sSbpw A{I-an-I-fp-sSbpw [nm-cn-I-fp-sSbpw {`mam-cp-sSbpw
ey-t_m[w \jvSs
- ]-h
- c
- p-sSbpw m\-p-X
- v Cu kq-s
- fmw hmbn-p
apkvenwI-fmsWpw, Ah Xs-bmWv Jp-B-\ns Bibw Amlp Dt-in-{]-Imcw ]d-bp--Xn-s\-Xn-cn KqVX{w {]tbm-Kn-p--Xv Fpw Jp-B DImgvm-Zm-b-Iambn D]-tbm-Knp-hv a\-n-em-IpXmWv. amCZ: 67, 105, ABw: 38, 60-61, A^m: 30-31 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
22.
Ah- XsbmWv \nsf Ic-bnepw IS-enepw k-cn-n-p--Xv.

As\ \n I-en-em-hp-Ibpw, A\pIqe-amb Imn-\m Bm-
bq\pkvv (10)
253
Znp-knv k-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-tm s]s-Xm sImSp-mv hcnI-bpw, \m\m-`mKp\npw Xnc-am-e-I Dbp-h-cnIbpw, AXn
I apn- t m- h p- I - b m- s Wv Ahv t_m[y- a m- h p- I bpw
sNptm PohnXw apgp-h Am-lp-hn\pthn am{Xw kanp-sImv Ah Am-lp-hns\ hnfnp {]mn-pp: \o Rsf
Cu hn]-n\nv tamNn-n-p-I-bmsW-n \nbw R \n{]-I-Sn-n-p--h-cn s]-h Xs-bm-bn-cn-pw.
Ccw kq--sfmw hmbn-p apkvenwI-, ap-k-`--fnepw ka-b-fn-ep-samw Am-lp-hns\ adv Pohn-p-Xn\m B]XvL--fn AYhm
ac-W-k-a-bv Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-p--Xpw, Bbpv A]w \on--cWw,
Fm Jp-Bs\ kXy-s-Sp-n-sm-mw, k-\--fn Ds]p--sImmw
Fp-]-d-bp--Xpam-Wv Fv apAvan\q: 99-100, ap\m-^n-Jq: 10, Jnbma: 25-35 Fo
kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. ap-k-`--fn Am-lp-hn ]p-tNn-cp--hcpw
alm- m- - s fbpw apip]mi- m- s cbpw CS- b m- f am- s c- b p- s amw shp]penbncp-hcpw ac-W-k-a-bv Amlphn\v ]qW-ambn Iog-S-p-X
-- mWv
Fv ABw: 94- ]d-n-pv. Fm AhvBmhn\v Am-lp-hns\
ImWm km[n-msX ]nim-Nn-s\bpw akolpm-en-s\bpw IpsImv Im^ndm-sWv kzbw k-XnpsImv ZqxJtmsS Poh sh-Sn-tbn hcp--Xp-amWv.
AAv-dm^v: 37 t\mpI. \a-kvIm-c-n ako-lp--m-ens \mis sXmv
A`bw tXSn-bn-cp Ah Xs-bmWv, Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nv ako-lp-m-ens\ Xncn--dn-bm-Xv ImcWw Ahs sIWn-bneIsSp-Xpw. Ah-cn
\nv tijn-p-h- XsbmWv Cukm \_n hm h[n--s-Sm Xe \onsIm-Sp-p-Xpw. CsXmw hmbnv a\-n-em-n-bmepw Ah Xncp-p-Itbm
hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-p-Itbm Csv ABw: 111 s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbnp-I.
AAvdm^v: 172 {]Imcw "Amlp Xs-bmWv DSa' F DS-Sn Fm a\pjycpw kzK-nshv sNbvXn-p-v. AXv Hman-n-p--XmWv Jp-B\ns
Bi-bw. Fm Jp-B hp-In-n-bnv AXns\ hnkva-cnp Pohn-p--hv
Hgn-I-gnhv ]d-bm CS-bp-m-hp-I-bn-. Ahs-Xnsc Jp-B hmZn-p-Ibpw
kmn-]-d-bp-Ibpw sNpw. kamKw "hp-In-pI' Fsmcp \n_\ Amlp
shn-p-v. _Jd: 2628, A-Bw: 25-26 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mp-I. ]mew I
- S- pthmfw
\mcm-bW..\mcm-bW.. ]mew IS-m Iqcm-bW.. F \b-n Pohn-p
a\pjy, Pohn-tXm-]m-[n-I A\p-Iq-e-am-bn-cn-p-n-S-tmfw Am-lphns\ adv
sFln-I-Po-hnXw Bkz-Zn-p-sIm-n-cn-pw. Ah {]Xn-Iq-e-am-bn-o-cp-Ibpw Bib- - b h- \ m- h pIbpw sNp- t m GXp [nm- c nIfp- s Sbpw lrZ- b - n, Cu
temIsmcp {kmhns {]h\w \S-p-p-s-pw, Ah AP-\
-- m-sWpw
kmywhln-p sXfnhv s]mnh-cm XpS-pw. a\p-jy Ah-ch
- sc Jp-B\ns
Bi-b-n Xncn--dn-m {km-hns\bpw Pohn-X-e-yhpw Xncn--dn-bp--XmWv.
254
JpB\ns Bmhv
A-c-m Fm-bvtmgpw "Amlv' F kvac-W-bn \ne-sIm-p--h-cp-am-bncn-pw. Ahv Zp:Japm-hpIbn. acW-k-a-bv sh{]m-f-s-Sp-I-tbm ZpxJn-pItbm sNmsX Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n I {kjvSmhns\ IpsImv Ah
imn-tbmsS kam-[m\ tKlntev Xncn-p-t]m-Ip--Xp-am-Wv. _Jd: 152,
23.
Atm Ah Ahsc B hn]-n\np c-s-Sp-n-bm-tem,

AhcXm `qan-bn A\ym-b-ambn AXn-{Iaw ImWnpXpS-p-p. Hm
a\p-jysc, \nbw \n-fpsS AXn-{Iaw \ns-Xnsc Xs-bmIp-p. Cu sFln-I-Po-hnXnse GXm\pw \mfnse kpJw \n
Bkz-Zn-p-sIm-p-I. ]noSv \n-tev Xs-bmWv \n-fpsS aSw-A-tm \mw \n {]hn-p-sIm-n-cp-Xv Fm-bncp-pshv
\nv hnhcw ]d-p-X-cp--Xm-Wv.
GXp hn]-n\nv c-s-Sp-n-bmepw IpdpIgn-bp-tm a\p-jy

AsXmw ad-p-sImv {kjvSm-hns\ advv Pohn-p-p. Fm Cv temIs-hn-sSbpw [nmc--fnepw AXn-{I-a--fnepw \io-I-cW {]h-\--fnepw
[qnepw ]nip-nepw \ XS-bp--Xnepw Xn {]N-cn-n-p--Xn-ep-samw ap]n-bn-ep--Xv Igp-X-I-sf-tmse {Kw-h-ln-p apkvenwI-fm-sWv Jp-B\ns
Bibw Dc--mbn D]-tbm-K-s-Spn t\mn-bm Xncn--dn-bp--Xm-Wv. AXpsImv Xs-bmWv Ah-cpsS ]WvUn-Xam-sc-bpw, B P\-Xsbsbpw
AAvdm^v: 176, D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amwhcm \mb-tbmSp]an-n-cn-p-Xv. PpapA: 5, Ahsc Igp-X-tbmSpw PqX-tcmSpw D]-an-p-I-bpw, Ccw A{Ian-Isf Amlp kamK-n-tep \bn-p-Ib
- n Xs Fp-]d
- b
- p-Ibpw sNbvXncn-p-p. A-Bw: 47 Xu_: 50 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
A\ym-ba
- mbn AXn-{Iaw ImWn-pI Fp-]d
-
m, lJvJp-B CmsX
Al--cn-pI FmWv. AAvdm^v: 146-147s hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Jp-B
e`n-h Bscbpw B{i-bn-msX `qan-bn Fhn-sSbpw Xe-bp-bnsmv
\S--W-sa-pw, AXpsImv {]uV-cm-I-W-sa-p-amWv Jp-B In-n-p--Xv.
Ben-Cw-dm: 79s hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. kzKhpw \c-Ihpsamw Hmtcm-cpcpw ChnsS ]Wn-tb--Xm-sWv Cu kqhpw ]Tn-n-p-p. An-km-Av:
133, AAvdm^v: 178, Xu_: 67-68 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Am-lpth, Rsf \o \ns ad--hcpw Xn-sN-p--hcpw Al-m-cnIfpw Al--\-Sn-p--hcpw B-cp-tX. Rsf Ftmgpw \ns kvacn-p-hcpw ap--hsc Jp-B-\ns BibwsImv kvacn-n-p--hcpamt-W-ta.
Rsf \o Sn-s-Spv hnNm-c-W-bn-msX kzK-n {]th-in-p--h-tc-sSmhpw ]pWy-m--tfm-sSm-hpw kzK-n {]th-in-n-t-W-ta Hm Snv AhX-cn-n--ht\, Hm ]pWyw sNp Imcp-Wy-hmt\!
bq\pkvv (10)
255
24. \n- b - w Cu ùXn- I - P o- h n- X - ns D]a C- s \- b mWv BImip\np \mw ag hjn-np, AXp-ap-tJ\ `qan-bn\nv kky-eXmZn-I Xg-p-hf
- p, AXn \nv a\p-jycpw Ip-Im-en-Ifpw `np-p. As\ `qan hk--a-Wnv Ae-r-X-am-hp-I-bpw, \nbw
AhcXns\ Iog-Sngn-sv AXnse \nhm-kn-I IcpXp-Ibpw
sNp- t mgXm, cm{Xntbm As- n ]Item \psS I]\
hcppCse AhnsS A-s\sbm-pw Dm-bn-cp-n Fv -tXm-hw \mw A-Xns\ \ntjw \in-n-p-I-f-bp-p. A{]-Imcw
\psS kq- Btem-Nn-v {]Xn-^-en-n-p P\-X-p-thn
\mw hniZoI-cn-p-sIm-Sp-p-IbmIpp.
Ilv^v: 45 Amlp ]d-bp-p: sFlnI Pohn-X-ns DZm-l-cWw \o
Ahv hnh-cn-p-sIm-Sp-p-I, \mw BIm-ip\nv ag Cd-p-p, AXp-ap-tJ\
`qan-bn sNSn-I Xg-p-hf
- c
- p-p. ]ns AXns\ Imn ]d-p In-pcpmn
amp-p. Amlp Fm-Im-cy-n\pw Ign-hp k-i--\-tm. kpa: 21,
\nbw Am-lp- B-Im-i-p-\np ag hjn-n-p-Xv \o ImWp-n-t, ]ns
`qan-bn B ag-shw tXmSp-I-fnepw Nmep-I-fn-ep-ambn Hgp-p-p. ]ns AXp-aptJ\ Ah hnhn-[-\nd-n-ep kky-sf apfp-n-p-p. ]ns AXv DW-pp,
Atm AXns\ \n\v a-fn--Xmbn ImWmw. ]ns AXns\ Ah sshtmem-p-p. \nbw AXn _pn-amam-v Hcp Hma-s-Sp-ep-v Fp-]-dnpv. CXp-t]mse Xs-bmWv a\p-jy-cpsSbpw Cl-tem-I-p Pohn-Xsapw, Fm _pn-in \Inb Ah AXp-]-tbm-K-s-Spn Pohn-X-e-yw
kmm-XvI-cn-m thn {]b-Xv\n-n-n-s-n Ah-cpsS PohnXw \jvS-s-Sp-sapw, Ah Btem-Nnp ]mT-apsm-p--Xn\v thn-bpw tI-h tI-h ap-h-cn-tev Fn-p-sIm-Sp--Xn\v thn-bpamWv Amlp Ccw D]-a-I JpB-\n hc-p-Im-Wn-n-p--Xv.
Jm^v: 911 Amlp ]d-bpp: BIm-ip\nv \mw A\p-{K-lo-X-amb
sh-an-d-p-Ibpw AXpsImv \mw tXm-fpw Dan-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb [m\y-fSnb
hb-ep-Ifpw Ddp-n-ep-I-fmbn Xnn-\np Ipe-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cu\-Ifpw
apf-n-p-p\psS ASn-a-Ip `-W-hn-`-h--fm-bn-sm.v As\
\no-h-amb \mSns\ \mw B shw sImv Pohn-n-p-I-bmbnA{]-ImcamWv
\nfpw ]pd-sSphns-SpI! lv: 5 Amlp a\p-jysc hnfnv ]d-bpp:
Hm a\p-jytc, \n ]p\PohnXn kwi-b-ap--h-cm-sW-n, \nbw \mw
\nsf an \nmWv krjvSn-n-p--Xv, ]ns C{bpn-bpsS Awi--n
\n,v ]ns c]nWvUn\nv, ]ns cq]-wsImXpw cq]-wsImm--Xpamb amwk-tIm-i-fn\nv \nsf krjvSn-Xv \mam-Wv. \nfmcm-sWv
\nv \mw hy-am-n-cn-I-bmWv. \mw Dt-in--hsc K`-]m-{X--fn \nWbn Ah-[n-hsc kpc-nXambn shp-Ibpw ]ns iniphmbn ]pd-v sImphcnIbpw sNp-p. {ItaW \n {]mb-]qnbmbn in -{]m]npp. \n-
256
JpB\ns Bmhv
fn Nnesc AXn\p apmbn Xncnphnfn-pp. ap-Nn-esc Fmadn-X

- n\ptijw
Hp-a-dn-bm Ah {]m]n----hw ]Sp-hm-Iy-n-tev Xn hnSpp.
`qansb hc- - X mbn \n\v ImWmw. Atm- f - X n- t ev sh- a n- d - n- b m
kv^pSnpIbpw XpSn-p-Ibpw `wKn-bp sNSn-Isfsbmw CW-I-fmbn apf-n-pI-bp-am-bn. ^pkzn-e-v: 39 Amlp ]d-bpp: Ahs ZrjvSm---fn s]Xm-Wv, `qansb \o hnvIodn-b-Xmbn ImWpp, Atm-f-Xn sh-an-d-n-bm
AXv kv^pSnpIbpw XpSn-p-Ibpambn, \nbw BcmtWm B `qansb Pohn-nXv Ah, acn--hsc Pohn-n-pI Xs sNpw. \nbw Ah Fm-Im-cyn\pw Ign-hp ki Xs-b-tm! Adqw: 19- Amlp ]d-bpp:
Poh-\n-m--h-bn \nv Poh\p-h-tbbpw Poh\p-h-bn \nv Poh-\n-m-htbbpw ]pd-s-Sp-hn-p-Xpw `qansb AXns ac-Wt- ijw Pohn-n-p-Xpw Ah
X-s-bmWv. A{]-Imcw \nfpw ]pd-s-Sp-hn--s-Sp--Xm-Wv. dAvZv: 17-18, Adqw:
48-50, kq- Iqn-hmbnp-I.
lqZv: 6768 kq-fn, ZrjvSm--ambn \Inb Am-lp-hns H-Is
YaqZv kap-Zmbw [mjvSy-]qw Adp--tm, A{I-an-I-fmb Ahscsbmcp tLmcK\w ]nSn-Iq-Sn. Ah Ah-cpsS hoSp-I-fn A-s\-sbmcp P\X AhnsS
Xma-kn-n-cpnt-bnshw tNX\-bphoWp Fp-]-d-n-p-v. kqw 9495, ipsF_v \_nsb Xn--d P\-Xbpw A-s\-bp-smcp tLmc-K\-m, A-s\-sbmcp P\X Ahn-sS-bp-m-bn-cp-n-s hn[-n \in-n-s-p Fv ]d-n-pv. _Jd: 266, AAvdm^v: 96, 143, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
25.
Amlp Ahsc kam-[m-\-tK-l-n-te-mWv hnfn-p--Xv, Ah-\pt-in-p--hsc Ah Ghpw sNmmb amKn-tev amK-Zi\w

sNp-Ibpw sNp-p.
kam-[m-\-tK-l-sa-m bmsXmcphn[ hn]tm, Zp:Jtam, `b-tam, \jvS-tam,

titam, Cm- b v a tbm, hm- b v a tbm Hpanm, \nXym- \ p- { K- l - - f - S - nb
kzKob`h\amWv. AXv In-
- h
- n[-nep sFln-IP
- o-hnXamK-am-Wv samw
Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-amb sNmb ]mXSTRAIGHT PATH-. B amKw e`n-p-Xn\v \a-kvImcw Ignv Am-lp-hn-t\mSv aqv {]mhiyw s]mdp--ens\tXSn-btijw Am-lp-th, \obmWv kam-[m-\w, \nn \nmWv kam-[m-\w, \nntev Xs AXv aS-p-Ibpw sNpp. RfpsS \mYm, Rsf \o kam-[m\-tmsS Pohn-n-t-W-ta, Rsf \o kam-[m-\-tK-l-n {]th-in-n-t-Wta, Hm HuZm-cy-hm\pw _lp-am-\y-\p-amb \mYm! Fv {]mn-m \_n ]Tn-nn-p-v. ^mnl: 5, _Jd: 27, 38, ABw: 126 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
Ah-\p-t-in-p--hsc Fp-]-d-m, Amlp \njvv]--hm-\mWv. Ah
Btcbpw kam-n-tetm- Zpamn-tetm Bp-n-. Atm
BcmtWm Jp-B\ns Bibn\nv Ah-c-hsc Xncn--dnv Pohn-X-eyw
bq\pkvv (10)
257
Xncn--dnv Jp-B kan-p Am-lp-hn-t\mSv kamKw tNmZn-pXv
AhmWv kamKw e`n-p-I FmWv. Ben-Cw-dm: 101, AAv-dm^v: 178 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I. kzK-n-tev hnfnpI FXpsImp hnh-, Amlp-hn-tep hnfn-pI Fv Xs-bm-Wv. Am-lp-hn-tev hnfn-t-Xv JpB\ns Bibamb lnIvav sImpw, kam-\-amb D]tam-Zm-l-c-W- ASnb auC-fv sImp-am-Wv. Alv: 125, ^pkzne-v: 33, bqkp-^v: 108 kq Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Am-cn-bmv: 50- Amlp ]d-bpp: Atm \n
Am-lp-hn-tev hnc-tm-SpI, \nbw Rm \nv Ah-\n \np hyamb apdn-bn-pImc-\m-Ip-p. 51- \n Am-lp-hn-t\m-sSmw asmcp Cemlns\ sXsc-s-Sp-p-I-bp-a-cp-Xv, \nbw Rm \nv Ah-\n \np
hy-amb apdn-bn-pImc-\m-Ip-p. Am-lp-hn-tev hnc-tm-SpI Fm JpB-\ns Bi-b-n-tev hnc-tm-SpI Fm-Wv. AYhm kzK-n-tev Xncnp-t]m-Im-\p Sn-mWv samw Jp-B\ns Bi-bw. Ckm: 29 t\mp-I.
An-km-Av: 118, amCZ: 48, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
26.
\-bpsS amKn Ncn--hcmtcm Ahv \-bp-v, IqSp-X \hn-n-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xp-am-Wv. Ah-cpsS apJ--fn Icn-]p-cfpItbm, Ahsc A]-IjX _m[n-p-Itbm C. AqcmIpp
kzK-hm-kn-I, Ah-c-Xn \nXy-hm-kn-I-fp-amIpp.
27.
Xn-I km-Zn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--h-tcm, Ahv AXn\v X-Xmb

{]Xn-êw Xs e`n-p--Xm-Wv. A]-IjX Ahsc aqSp--XpamWv.
Am-lp-hn \nv Hcp klm-bnbpw Ahv Dm-bn-cn-p-I-bn-.
Ah-cpsS apJ- Ccp-c
- m{XnbpsS aqSp-]S- wt]msebp Ccp-n-\m
aqS-s-n-cn-pw. Aq-cmIpp \c-I-hm-kn-I-, Ah-c-Xn \nXy-hmkn-I-fp-amIpp.
Ben-Cw-dm: 106, A-Bw: 160, bq\p-kv: 4 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw

t\mpI. IqSp-X \ hn-n-p-sIm-Sp-p-XmWv Fp-]-d-m, kzK-hmkn-Iv Am-lp-hp-am-bp Zi\w Ftmgpw e`n-p--Xm-Wv, IqSmsX AhcpsS kz-_--mpthn ip]mi sNm-\p Ah-k-chpw e`n-p--XmWv Fm-Wv Bi-bw. Jm^v: 35, Ahv B kzK-n Ah-cp-t-in-p-sXm-s-bp-v, \psS ASp- h-\-hp-apv Fv ]d-n-p-v. k_-Av:
23 Amlp ]d- b pp: Ahs ASp- ip]mi {]tbm- P - \ - s - S p- I bnBmtWm, Bp-th-n-bmtWm Ah A\p-aXn \In-bXv AhmsX. As\ \c-I-hm-kn-I-fpsS lrZb--fn \nv ]cn-{àw \on-I-gn-bptm Ah kzK-hm-kn-If
- mb ip]mi-It- cmSv tNmZn-p-Ib
- mbn: \n-fpsS \mY
FmWv ]d-Xv? Ah adp-]Sn ]dbpw, kXyw am{XamWv Ah ]d--Xv.
Ah AXyp--X-\mb hen-b-h Xs-bm-Ip-p. bq\pkv: 3 t\mp-I. \lv:
97, kI- A\p-jvTn-p ]pcp-j\
- m-hs As-n kv{Xobm-hs Ah
258
JpB\ns Bmhv
hnizm-kn-I-fp-am-sW-n, Atm \mw Ahs\ Cl-tem-Ip Xs ]cn-ip--amsbmcp PohnXw \bn-n-p-Xm-Wv, ]c-n Ah-cpsS Ghpw \ {]hrn t\mn {]Xn-êw \Ip-Ibpw sNpXmWv Fv ]d-n-p-v. Am-lphnsta Iw s
- I-n-a
- v ]d-bp Im^n-dp-If
- psS apJw hn[n-Zn-hk
- \
- m-fn ZpxJnv
Icp-hm-fn--Xmbn ImWmw. Jp-B- ]mcm-bWw ]Tn--h-cm-sWv Al--cn-pIbpw,
Fm Bibw ]Tnv ]n]-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp Al-m-cn-Iv \c-In ]mnSw t]msctbm? Fv kpa: 60-epw, Jp-B ]n]-p--hsc AhcpsS {]hr-n-bpsS ê-ambn \c-I-in--sb-smv Amlp c-s-Sp-p--XmWv, Ahsc Xn _m[n-p-I-bn-, Ahscsmv ZpxJn-m\pw CS-h-cn-I-bn- Fv
61-epw ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 38-39, An-km-Av: 78, 87 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
28.
Hcp \mfn \mw Ahsc Fm-h-scbpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p--Xm-Wv. ]ns

\mw ]p-tN-h-tcmSp ]d-bp--Xpam-Wv, \nfpw \n F\np
P]n-n-cp ]m-fn-Ifpw AhnsS \np-I. As\ \mw AhnS-bn-ep ad \on--f-bp--Xm-Wv. Ah-cpsS ]m-fn-I ]d-bp-Ibpw
sNp--Xm-Wv\n Rv C_m-Zv sNp--h-cm-bncpn
Fv.
A-Bw: 24 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
29.
Atm Rpw \np-an-Sb

- n kmn-bmbn Amlp Xs
Ghpw aXn-bm-b-h-\m-Ip-p. C\n \n- Rv C_m-Z-v
sNbvXn-cp-s-n Xs R AXn-s\p-dnv XnIpw A{i--cmbn-cp-p.
A-Bw: 19 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. kmn-bmb Jp-B-\ns Bi-bs

Ah-KW
- nv Pohn-XpsImmWv ]c-tem-Iv Cu ZpKXn Ahv h-Xv. bmko:
7475 kq-fn, Am-lp-hn-s\q-SmsX klm-bn-p-sap IcpXn sXsc-sSp-p ap Cem-lp-I Ahsc klm-bn-pI-bn, Fm-h-scbpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p
\mfn Ah Chs-Xn- sc hcp ]m-f
- m-cm-bn-cn-p-sav ]d-n-p-v. AlvJm^v: 56 kq--fnepw Am-lp-hns\qSmsX Ay-\mhsc Dcw \Im-h-cpw, Ah-cpsS hnfnsbpdnv {i-bn-m--h-cp-am-b-hsc hnfnp {]mn-p-h-t\-m hgn-]n-g--h Bcpv? a\p-jysc Fm-h-scbpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p \mfn
Ah Ch-cpsS i{Xp--fm-bn-cn-p--Xpw Ch-cpsS Ahp C_m-Z-ns\ \ntj[n-p--Xp-amWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. ^pJm: 17-18 , Fm-h-sc-bpw Hcp-an-p-Iqp \mfn Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsX Ah C_m-Zv sNbvXn-cp--htcmSv Amlp
tNmZn-p--Xm-Wv: \n-fmtWm Fs Cu ASn-a-Isf hgn-]n-g-n--Xv, AtXm Ah
kzbw t\amK-n \nv ]ng--XmtWm? Atm Ah ]d-bpw: \o ]cn-ip, Rv \ns IqSmsX asmcp cm-[n-Im-cn-sbbpw sXsc-s-Sp-
tbmPn--X-, Fm \o Ahpw Ah-cpsS ]nXm-pw Ah Jp-B\ns
Bi-bw ad-p--Xphsc PohnXhn`-h- \In, Ah Hcp sIP\X Xsbm-
bq\pkvv (10)
259
bn-cp-p. kq-n C_m-Zv sImp-t-in-p-Xv hnfnv {]mn-p-I, CStX-Sp-I, t\-h-gn-]m-Sp-I An-p-I, Kpcp-Xz-tSv Xp-sav `b-s-SpI Fsm-am-Wv. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-ssmv A{i--cm-hp-tm am{X-amWv ss]imNn-I-amb Ccw C_m-Z-n\v P\- hnt[-b-cm-hp-I. ^mnl: 4,_-Jd: 166-167,
30.
Fm Hmtcm Bmhn\pw AhcpsS sFln-I-tem-Iv Ign-pt]mbsXmw AhnsS shfn-hm-p--Xm-Wv. Fm-h-cpw- A-h-cpsS

bYm bP-am-\-\n-tep aS--s-Sp--Xpw, Ah sIn--a-n-cp
hymP--sfm-sbpw Ah-sc-smv A{]-Xy--am-hp-Xp-am-Wv.
Fm Hmtcm Bmhn\pw, bYm bP-am-\\pw DS-abpw-au-em-\m Amlp

am{X-amWv Fp t_m[yw hcp--Xm-Wv. ap t\Xm-amcpw Cem-lp-I-fpsamw
hymP-am-bn-cp-p Fpw t_m[y-am-hpw. Xu_: 59 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. kzKhpw \c-Ihp-samw Ah-c-h ChnsS ]Wn-tb--Xm-bncp-p Fpw t_m[yw hcp--Xm-Wv.
{]kvXpX t_m[-an-msX PohnXw Ign-p-Iq-n-b-Xn\v Hmtcm-cp-cpw kzbw ]gn-p-Xp-am-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm: 30 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Jp-B\ns Bibw Inn-bnv D]tbm-KsSpm A{I-an-I, Av X-fpsS ssI ISnv "Hm, Rm {]hm-NIs
amKw ]n]-n-bn-cp-pshn F{X \m-bn-cp-t-s\, Hm Fs \miw, Rm
Cm-en--hs\ B-an-{X-ambn sXsc-s-Sp-n-p-m-bn-cp-n-s-n F{X \mbn-cp-t-s\, Ah-\m-Wtm Jp-B-\ns Bibw F\nv hp-In-n-b-Xn\ptijw
AXn\nv Fs XS--Xv, ]nimNv a\p-jy\v alm-h--I Xs-bm-bncnptm! Fv hne-]n-p cwKw ^pJm: 27-29 ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. ]ctem-Ip hcmt]mIp Fm-Im-cy-fpw hni-Zo-Ic
- n-p JpB kq-fpsS
Bibw a\-n-emn bYm DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hns\ Fm-bvtmgpw Fhn-sSbpw
kvacn-p-sImv, Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn Pohn-m\mWv a\p-jysc `qan-bn-tep
\ntbm-Kn-n-p--Xv. Fm B t_m[-n PohnpI hnizm-kn-I am{X-am-Wv.
Azm-cn-Jv: 910 kq-fn, Fm cl-ky-fpw shfn-hm-p Zn\-n Ah\v
A-hnsS Hcp inbpw klm-bnbpw Dm-hp-I-bn Fp-]-d-n-p-v. ChnsS
\npXs kzKw ]Wn-X-hv B ]WnX kzK-n-tep Xncnv t]mIm-hp-Xm-Wv. ^mnl: 3, A-Bw: 62, AAvdm^v: 53 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
31.
Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-pI, BcmWv BIm-i-p-\npw `qan-bn \npw

\nv `Whn`-h- \Ip-Xv? As-n Cu tIhn-bpsSbpw ImgvN-bp-sSbpw DSa BcmWv? BcmWv Poh-\n-m--h-bn
\nv Poh-\p-h
- s
- b-bpw, Poh-\p-h
- b
- n \nv Poh-\n-m-h
- s
- bbpw
]pd-s-Sp-hn-p-Xv? BcmWv Cu {]]--Im-cy--sfmw \nb-{n-psIm- n- c n- p- Xv ? Atm Ah Xo- b mbpw ]d- b pIXs
sNpwAm-lp-hm-sW-v. Atm \o tNmZn-p-I: Fm \n
B Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-pn-stbm?
260
JpB\ns Bmhv
A-Bw: 4648, 7071, 91-92 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. epJvam: 25- Amlp

]d-bpp: BImi`qan-I krjvSn--Xm-cm-sWv \ntj-[n-ItfmSv tNmZn--s-m
Ah ]d-bpI Xs sNpwAm-lp-hm-sW-v. \o ]d-bpI: Am-lp-hn-\mWv
k-kvXp-Xnbpw, Fm Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw Adn-hn-m--h Xs-bm-Ipp.
Ah-cpsS adp-]-Sn-bn \n-pw Ah Am-lp-hn hniz-kn-n-cpp Fpw Fm
Ah-cpsS hnizmkw Cs apkvenwI-fp-tSXp t]mse Xs hnI-e-am-bn-m-bncpp
Fpw a\-n-emmw. Cv a\p-jy-cn Amlv Fp]d-bp-h apkvenwI
am{X-amWv, aph ssZhw, btlm-h, Im-hv, ]nXmhv, Cuiz-c, `K-hm,
Bh Fsms-bm-Wv ]d-bp-Xv Fv {]tXyIw {in-p-I.
apAv-an-\q: 8389 kqfn, \nbw Cu Jp-B ]qhn-I-cpsS ]gpcmW-f
-
- msX asm-p-a Fv ]d-bp-h
- t- cmSv: `qanbpw AXn-ep-X
- p-samw Bp-XmWv, \n Adn-hp--h-cm-sW-n ]d-bp-hn Fv \o tNmZn-m Ah
]d-bpIXs sNpw: Am-lp-hn-\p--XmWv Fv. \o ]dbpI: Atm \n
B Am-lp-hns\ lrZbw sImv Hman-p-n-tbm? Ggp BIm-i--fp-sSbpw
al-mb knwlm-k-\-nsbpw DS-a-X Bm-sWv tNmZn-m Ah ]dbp-I-Xs sNpw: Am-lp-hn-\mWv Fv. \o tNmZn-pI: Atm \n B
Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b
- n kqn--p-n-tbm? BcpsS ssII-fn-emWv Fm hkvXp-fp-sSbpw B[-n]-Xy-ap-XvAh Fm-hpw A`bw sImSp-pp, Ah\v Bcpw
A`bw sImSp-p-p-an-Fv \o Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-m Ah ]d-bp-IX
- s sNpw:
Am-lp-hn\v Fv. \o tNmZn-pI: Atm \n F-s\-bmWv amc-W-n\v
hnt[-b-am--s-Sp--Xv?
JpB, apivcnpIsfpdnpw Im^n-dp-Isfpdnpw ]d-Xv amapincnpIpw ssl-hpw, thZ-mscpdnv ]d-Xv blq-Zn-Ipw
{InkvXy\n-I-p-w am{X-amWv _m[-Iam-hp-Xv F\bw kzoI-cn-pI hgn,
apkvenwI Cv "Jp-B ]qhn-Iam-cpsS ]g-p-cmWf-msX asm-p-a'
F hmZnemsWv Jp-B\ns\ auC-f-mbn D]-tbm-Ks-Sp-p--hv a\n-emmw. AXvt]mse {]hm-N-Isbpw A\p-bm-bn-I-fp-sSbpw Pohn-X-coXn ]n]Wsav ]d-bp-tmgpw, Cm-ev AXv km[y-a F- \n-e-]mSv kzoI-cn-p
Ah, ]pdw]qmbn \_n-sbbpw A\p-bm-bn-I-sfbpw ]mSn-p-I-gvp--XmWv. Fm
P\-Xbpw Ah-cpsS {]hm-N-Ia-cp-sSbpw al-p--fp-sSbpw P-Zn-\-amWv sImmSp-s-sX-n Cu sI P\X apl-Zv \_n-bpsS Nc-a-Zn-\-amWv sImmSpXvv.
Ccw {`mam Fs Cu P\X NmWn\v NmWmbpw apg-n\v apg-ambpw PqX-ss{I-kvX-hsc ]n]pI Xs sNpw F \_n hN-\s kXy-s-Sp-p-Ibm-Wv. _Jd: 175 \c-I-s-p-dn,v Ah Fv a-bmWv ssIsIm-p-Xv
Fv ]d-Xv Ch-sc-p-dn-v Xsbm-Wv. AAv-dm^v: 40, Xu_: 67-68, hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
32.
Atm B Amlp Xs-bm-Ipp \n-fpsS kmm DS-a-bmb
bq\pkvv (10)
261
\mY. Atm kXy-n-\p-tijw hgn-tI-S-msX as-m-Wv Ahti-jnp-Xv? C\nbpw \n Fs\bm-Wv ]nn-cn-n--sp

sImn-cn-p-Xv!
BIm-i-`q-an-I-fp-sSbpw \n-fp-sSbpw \nv k-cn-m-\p hml-\-amb
\n-fpsS ico-c-n-s-bpw DSa Am-lp-hm-sW-v k-Xn-n-cns, ]ns B
Am-lp-hn-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p--Xn\nvC-_m-Zv sNp--Xn\nv
\nsf BcmWv ]nn-cn-np-Xv? FmWv tNmZn-p--Xv. AYhm Am-lphn \nv ap Cem-lpI-fn-tev As-n kwL-S-\-Ifn-tev sXn-p- sIm-pt]m-Ip hyn-Ifpw t\Xm-fpw Chn-sS-bp-sv kmcw. Ah a\p-jy-n-im-Np-fm-Wv. "-Fm-h-scbpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p \mfn, \n [cnp-sh-n-cp Fs
]m-fn--I Fhn-sS-sbv tNmZn-p-tm, tNmZyw _m[-I-ambh kw-L-S\ t\Xmam- A-s-n Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsX ap--hsc hnfnp {]mn-n-m
thn Jp-B kq- hf-sm-Snp A\p-bm-bn-Isf t{]cn-n-n-cp--h ]dbpw: R-fpsS \mYm, R Cq-s
- c-bmWv ey-t_m[w \jvSs
- -Spn ZpamKn-em-n-b-Xv. R ZpamKn-em-bXp t]mse Ah-scbpw ZpamK-n-emn-b-Xm-Wv. R \ntmSv AXns D-c-hm-Zn--n \nv Hgn-hmIp-p.
Ah Rv C_m-Zv sNp--h-cm-bn-cp-n-. Amlp ]d-bpw: icn, \n
\n-fpsS ]m-fn-Isfv [cn-n-cphsc hnfn-p-I. Atm Ah hnfn-p-w.
Fm Ah Dcw \Ip-I-bn-, Ah in ImWp-I Xs sNpw, Ah
kamw {]m]nn-cp-s-n F{X \m-bn-cp-t-s\' Fv ]c-tem-Iv hcm
t]mIp cwKw Jkz-kv: 6264 kq--fn XmoXv \Inbnp-v. ^mnl: 7,
33.
A{]-Imcw [nmcw ssIsIm sXm-SnI-fp-sS-ta, \nbw Ah

C\n hniz-kn-p-I-bn-s \ns \mYs h-N\w _m[-I-am-bn-cn-pp.
sXmSn-Ifmbn Ign-m ]ns Ah hniz-kn-p-I-bn FmWv Amlp-hns hN-\w. ap\m-^n-Jp-I Xs-bmWv ^mkn-Jo--sfv Xu_: 67 ]dn-p-v. B ap\m-^n-Jp-Isf Amlp sImp-I-f-n-p-spw, Ah hnizmkn-If
- psS i{Xp-f
- m-sW-pw, Ahsc kqn-W
- s
- apw ap\m-^n-Jq: 4epw Ah
hnNm-c-W-bn-msX \c-I-n t]mIp--h-cm-sWv A-n-km-Av: 145epw ]d-np-v. Ah Jp-B\ns Bi-b-samw Adn-nv ]n]-m--h-cpw, km[m-cW
P\-sf Jp-B-\n \nv XSv Ah-cpsS amK-n-te-pw \c-I-n-tepw
]nSn-p-h-enp sImp-t]mIp--hcpam-Wv. apkq-n ]d--Xp-t]mse km[mcW P\-sf bYm DS-a-bn \npw PohnXe-y-n \npw ]nn-cnnpsImp t]mIp-Xv Ccw ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fm-Wv. Ah Am-lp-hns\ ad-h-cpw AXp-hgn Ah Ahscsbpw ad-- [nm-cn-I-fm-sWv liv: 19 ]dn-p-v. _Jd: 99, hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mp-I. aqv kq-f
- n-eqsS Amlp Ccw
262
JpB\ns Bmhv
ap\m-^n-Jp-Isf h[n-m I]n-n-p-v. An-km-Av: 91 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.

`qan \in-np--Xns ]m]-`mcw Ch-cmWv hln-t-n-h-cn-I. ako-lp--m-ens\
B\-bn-p--h-cpw klm-bn-p--h-cp-am-Wn-h. ^pkzn-e-v: 26-28 kq--fn
Chsc Am- l p- h ns i{Xp- - f m- s W- pw ap- - h sc Jp- B - \ ns Bi- b n\np XS-bp Im^n-dp-I-fm-sWpw ]d-n-p-v. Ccw I]-S-hn-izmknIfmb t\Xm--sfbpw Ah-cpsS kwkmcwJp-Xp-_ tIn-cn-p Im^n-dp-I-sfbpw,
^mPn-dpI-sfbpw Amlp \c-I-n Hcp-an-p-Iq-p-sav An-km-Av: 140 ]dn-p-v.
apAvan: 4, \ntj-[n-I-f-msX Am-lp-hns kq--fn hntcm-[w- shv
Xn-p-I-bn-. Atm \mSp-I-fn-ep Ah-cpsS hnfbmw \ns hn-n-t-Xn- Fpw, 6, A{]-Imcw Ccw \ntj-[n-I-fp-sS-ta "-\nbw Ah \cI-hm-kn-I Xs-bmWv' F \ns \mY-s hN\w _m[-I-am-bn--gn-p Fpw
]d-n-p-v. ]c-tem-Iv \c-I-nshv Cu I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb t\Xm-fpw
Ahsc A-ambn A\p-k-cn-p A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw ]c-kv]cw ]gn-Nm-cp, Xnp, i]n-p cwK Jp-B-\n _Jd: 166-167, C_vdm-low: 21, Ap-A-dmAv: 91-104, Alvkm_v: 66-68, k_-Av: 31-33, kzm^v^m-v: 27-34, apAvan: 47-50,
^pkzn-e-v: 29apPm-Zne: 16-19 kq--fn ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. PpapA:
5, Chsc cp-Iq--scbpw Igp-X-tbmSpw PqX-tcmSpw D]-an-pIbpw Ccw A{Ian-Isf Amlp kamK-n-tep \bn-p-I-bn- Fp]d-n-p-v. Xu_: 80,
ap\m-^n-Jq: 6 kq--fn, Chpthn Bcv s]mdp--ens\ tXSn-bmepw
Amlp Ahv s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-I-bn-spw, Ccw [nm-cn-I-fmb Hcp
P\-Xsb Amlp kamK-n-em-p-I-bn-spw ]d-n-p-v. AAvdm^v: 176,
Cu cp-Iq--scbpw D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amw hcm \mb-tbm-Sp-]-an-n-cnp-p. ^mnl: 7 tIm]n-s
- -h
- c
- psS amK-n-e Fp-]d
- b
- p-tm Ccw
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fnepw, hgn-]n-g--h-cpsS amK-n-e Fp-]-d-bp-tm Chsc
]WvUn-Xs
- cv IcpXn ]n]-p km[m-cW apkvenwI-fnepw s]Sp-c
- ptX FmWv
hnizm-kn-I a\-n Icp-tX--Xv. AAvdm^v: 24-25, A^m: 50-54, Xu_: 2324, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
34.
Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-p-I, \n Am-lp-hn\p P]n-p ]m-fn-Ifn, krjvSnv XpS-p-Ibpw ]ns AXv Bhn-p-Ibpw sNp
h-h-cp-aptm? ]d-bp-I: Amlp am{X-am-Ipp krjvSnv Bcw-`np-I-bpw ]noSv AXns\ Bhn-p-Ibpw sNp--Xv. Atm
\n Cu Am-lp-hn \nv F-s\-bmWv sXnsp-sIm-ncn-p-Xv?
BZy- kr-jvSnv \S-n-bXv Am-lp-hmWv Fs-m-hcpw k-Xn-p-sa-nepw,

]p\:krjvSnv \S-p-Xpw Amlp am{X-am-sWv Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-hIm-i--fn ]p-tNp--h k-Xn-p-I-bn-. AXp-sIm-mWv tNmZy-n\v adp-
bq\pkvv (10)
263
]-Sn-v thn Imp\nmsX \_ntbmSvXs Dcw ]d-bm I]n-Xv.
krjv S n- n\v XpSw Ipdn- Xpw Bhn- p- Xpw ]p\xkrjv S nv \S- pXpsamw ]m-fn-I-sfm-p-an-m, Fmw AS-n-`-cn-p GI-\pw km-[n]\pw tkzm-[n-]-\pw XnjvSw {]hn-p--h-\p-amb Amlp am{X-am-Ip-p
Fv. Atm Cu Am-lp-hn \npw Ahs\ ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p Jp-B\ns
Bi-b-n \n-p-amWv a\p-jy-]n-im-Np--fmb I]-Sam km[m-cW P\-sf
sXn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I C\n hniz-kn-p-I-bn- F-v- ap
kq-n ]dXn-\m Cu kq-nse tNmZyw km[m-cW P\--tfmSmWv.
ap\m-^n-Jq: 4, Amlp I]-Sh
- n-izmkn-Isf h[n-n-cn-p-p; Fhn-tS-mWv Ah
sXn-tmbnsm-ncnpXv FmWv tNmZn-n-cn-p--Xv. Cu kq-nse
\n Cu Am-lp-hn \nv F-s\-bmWv sXnsp-sIm-n-cn-p-Xv F
tNmZyw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fm ]nn-cn-ns-psIm-n-cn-p km[m-cW P\-tfm-Sm-Wv. \n A[n-I-t]-scbpw ]nimNv ]mn-em-n-btmAtm \n
_pn-bp-]-tbm-Knp Nnn-p--h-cm-bn-cp-nt? Fv ]ctem-Ipshv Amlp
tNmZn-p cwKw bmko: 62 ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v.
Aqd: 21 Amlp tNmZn-pp: AX; Ahv Am-lp-hn-s\-q-SmsX
PohnX\nb-a \n-bnpsIm-Sp-p ]m-fn-I-fptm? Am-lp-hns hN\w
t\cs hnp-m-bn-cp-n-s-n(A-y-Zn-\-ns Ah[n \n-bn-n-p-m-bncp-n-s-n) Ahn-S-bn Xocp-am\w In-pI Xs sNp-am-bn-cp-p.
^mXzn: 40- Amlp tNmZn-pp: \n Amlp-hn-s\-q-SmsX hnfnp
{]mn-p \n-fpsS ]m-fn-Isfpdnv Nnn-n-ptm? Ah- `qanbn
FmWv krn-n-p--sXv F\n-smv ImWn-p-X-cn-I, As-n Ahv
BIm-i-ns krnn h]paptm? As-n {Kn\n-p sXfnhns ASn-m-\-nemtWm ]m-fn-Isf In-p-Xv? A; Cu A{I-an-I(a\p-jy-n-im-Np--fmb t\Xm-fpw Ahsc ]n]-p A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw) ]c-kv]cw
h-\b
-
- msX hmKvZw sNp-n-. epJvam: 10-11 Amlp, \n ImWp
XqWp-I-fn-msX BIm-i- krn-p. `qan-bn ]-X-sf BWn-Isf-tmWw
\mp-Ibpw sNbvXp. B `qan-bn Fm Poh-Pm-e--sfbpw ]c-n-bn-Sp-I-bpw, BImi-p-\nv sh-an-dn Fm kky-e-Xm-Zn-I-sfbpw DIramb CW-I-fmbn apfn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. CsXmw Am-lp-hns krn-m-Wv. Atm Ah-s\-qSm-sX-bp--h krn-Xv Fm-sWv F\n-smv ImWn-p-X-cn-I? A; Cu
A{I-an-I hy-amb hgn-tI-Sn Xs-bm-Ip-p Fv ]d-n-pv.
dAvZv: 16- Amlp \_n-tbmSv tNmZn-m I]n-pp: BIm-i-`q-an-IfpsS DS-a-bm-b-h-\mcv? Am-lp-hm-sW-v ]d-bpI. hopw tNmZn-m ]d-bpp:
Atm Ah-s\-q-SmsX XpXs bmsXmcp D]-Im-chpw D]-{Z-hhpw DS-as-Sp-p-hm Ign-bm-h
- sc \n kwc-I
- cmbn sXscsSpn-cn-p-pthm?
hopw tNmZn-pI: ImgvN-bp--h-\pw A\pw ka-am-Iptam? Asn A-Imc-hpw {]Im-ihpw ka-am-Iptam? AX-s-n Am-lp-hn-s\-q-Sm-sX-bp ]mfnI
264
JpB\ns Bmhv
Nne krnv \S-p-Ibpw Am-lp-hns krn-p-ambn AXhv Hcp-t]mse

tXmpIbpamtWm? ]d-bpI: Am-lp-hmWv Fm hkvXp--fp-sSbpw {km-hv.
Ah Fmw ASn-n-`-cn-p GIm-[n-]-\p-amIpp. An-km-Av: 48, ABw: 164165, AAvdm^v:179, bq\pkv: 4, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
35.
Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-p-I: Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-hI

- m-i
- f
- n \n
]ptNphcn Bsc-nepw kXy-n-tev amK-Zi\w sNp-h-cmbnp-tm? ]d-bp-I: kXy-n-tev amK-Zi\w sNp--h
Amlp am{X-am-Ip-p. Atm AhtcmSv hopw tNmZn-p-I: kXyn-tev amK-Zi\w sNp-h
- \
- m-tWm, AX-, amKZi\w \Is-n-msX kzbw kamKw ImWm Ign-bm--h-\mtWm ]np-Sc-s-Sm Ghpw Al-\m-bn-p--h. Atm \nsp]n?
F{X A\ym-b-amb Xocp-am-\-amWv \n ssIsImp--Xv?
lJntev Fp-]d
-
m Am-lp-hn-tev, Jp-B\
- n-te-v, bYm kXyn-tev AYhm Pohn-X-e-y-n-te-v FsmamWv Bibw. Atm am
apivcnp-Isftmse alm-m-s
- fbpw t\Xm-am-sc-bp-samw Jp-B\ns hn[nhn-e-p-Iv hncp--ambn hnfnp {]mn-p-I-bpw, Ahv t\-h-gn-]m-Sp-I
An-p-I-bpw sNbvXp-sIm,v Ah Xsf Am-lp-hn-tev ASp-n-p--hcpw,
CS-bm-fam-cpw, Rp-thn ip]mi sNp--h-cp-samamsWv hniz-knp- km[m-c-W-mtcmSv tNmZn-p-I-bmWv: Ccw Zpcm-Nm-c- I]n-p
t\Xm--sfbpw ]WvUnX ]ptcm-ln-Xam-sc-bpamtWm ]n]-m Al-am-bn-p-Xv?, AtXm Am-lp-hns kwkm-ca
- mb "kXy-amb' Jp-Bs
- \bmtWm? _n\:
5 Amlp ]d-bpp: PohnXw apgp-h Am-lp-hn-m-n-smv EPp-am-\-k\mbn \ne-sIm-m-\-msX Ah-tcmSv In--s-n-n. \a-kvImcw \ne-\nm\pw, kImv \Im-\p-a-m-sXAh-tcmSv In--s-n-n. AXv Xs-bmWv
t\sc-sNm-s-bp Zo Po-hn-X-hy-h-. \lv: 64- Amlp ]d-bpp: Ah
`nn-n-p hnj-b-n Xocp-am\w In-m-\-msX \mw \n\v Cu {Kw
Cd-n-bn-n-. AXv hnizm-kn-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xv kamKhpw Imcp-Wyhpw Xsbm-Wv. kPZ: 4, Alv: 74 kq- t\mp-I.
kpa: 23 Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw \nntev \mw Cu {K-an-d-nbXv kXy-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. Atm \o PohnXw apgp-h Am-lp-hn-\m-n-smv
Pohn-p-I. Adn-n-cn-p-I, PohnXw Am-lp-hn\v am{X-ap--Xm-Ip-p. Ah-s\q-SmsXbp kwc-I
- amsc sXsc-s-Sp-p-h
- c
- p-t- m, Ah Ahsc hnfnv
{]mn-p-n-, t\-h-gn-]m-Sp-I t\cp-n-, Ahsc Bcm-[n-p-n-Ah
Am-lp-hn-te-v Rsf ASp-n-p--h-cmWv Fp-IcpXnbn--m-sX. \nbw
Ah `nn-n-p hnj-b-n Amlp Ahn-S-bn hn[n-Zn-hkw Xocp-am\w
I]n-p--Xm-Wv. \nbw Amlp Ifhv ]d-bp--h-sc-bpw \ntj-[n-I-sfbpw
kamK-n-em-p-I-bn Xs.
bq\pkvv (10)
265
CkvdmAv: 56-57 kq-f
- n, \n Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsX hnfnp {]mnp--h, \nsfsmsmcp ZpcnXw Zqco-I-cn-p-Itbm amn-sh-p-Itbm sNpn-, am{X-a Aq- Xs Ah-cn BcmWv Am-lp-hn-tev Ghpw kmao]yw
t\SpI F-Xn-\p-thn ]cn-{i-an-p-sIm-n-cn-p--hcpw Ahs ImcpWyw B{Kln-p--h-cpw Ahs in `b-s-Sp--h-cp-am-Ipp. CsXmpw ]cn-K-Wn-msX
A-ambn alm-m-sf hnfnv "hkzoe' At\z-jn-p-Xn\v, Amlp B almm-v Ahs Ignhn\nv sImSp--Xm-Wv, AXn \nv R tNmZn-phm- p- I - b m- W v , Amlp _lp- a m- \ n- - h sc R _lp- a m- \ n- p- I - b m- W v ,
Fsmap \ymb- \nc-p--h-cmWv Cs a\p-jy-n-im-Np-I. amCZ:
Xu_: 34, Ccw ]WvUnX ]ptcm-ln-Xam P\--fpsS [\w Ahn-lnX-ambn Xnp-Ibpw, P\-sf Jp-B\ns amK-nA-m-lp-hns amK-n
\nv XS-bpIbpw sNp-sav hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnp Amlp ]d-s
- Xmpw "hnizmkn-I-f-m--Xn-\m' Ch ]cn-K-Wn-p-n-. Ahsc kw_-n-n-S-tmfw JpB\ns Bibw ]Tn-n-p--h-cmWv ]ng--h. AmsX Jp-B Bi-b-an-msX
HmXn-bmepw ]pWyw Inp-sav ]d-bp--hsc Ah Xn--d-bp-I-tbm, \c-I-ntep ]nSn-p-h-enp sImp-t]m-Ip--hcmbn ImWp-Itbm sNp-I-bn-. BZyw
apX Aywhsc-bp hnizm-kn-Iv Amlp Xr]vXn-s-n-pXv apPm-Zne: 22,
amCZ: 56 kq--fn ]d Am-lphpw {]hm-N-I\pw hnizm-kn-I-fp-a-S-nb
Am-lp-hn-s GIkwL-am-Wv. Ah am{Xta Cl-nepw ]c-nepw hnPbwhcnp-I-bp-q. Fm hnhn[ kwL-S-\-Isf t{]mm-ln-n-p-Ibpw AXn-\p-thn
Jp-B kq- Am-lp- Dt-in Bib-n\v hncp-a
- mbn hni-Zo-Ic
- n-pIbpw
sNbvXp-sImv, P\-sf hnhn[ kwL-S-\-I-fn Dd-np-\np--Xn-\p-thn
]cn-{ian-p a\p-jy-n-im-Np-f
- psS kwLS\-Isfmw Xs apPm-Zne: 19-- ]d
]nim-Nns kwL-am-Wv. _Jd: 176 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv,
\n Jp-B\ns samw Bi-b-amb Am-lphns ]miw apdpsInSnp
HkwL-am-hp-I, \n `nn--cpXv F Ben-Cw-dm: 103mw kqw hnIeambn D-cn-psImv, kwL-S\I \ne-\nn-sIm-v Xs apkvenwI- sFIys-S-W-savkmap-Zm-bnI sFIy-n\pthn hmZn-p--h-cmWv PqXam-cpsS
AtX kz`m-h-n-ep Cs I]-Sam. Ch ako-lp--m-ens\ B\-bn-p-hcpw Ahs klmbnI-fp-am-Wv. Cukm\_n h-Xn-\p-tijw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS
kwLw Chsc h[np An-km-Av: 91-s I]\ \S-n-em-p--Xpw Av a\pjy-scmw H-kw-L-ambn sFIys-Sp--Xp-am-Wv. ^mnl: 6, _Jd: 147-148, amCZ:
51, 102, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
36.
Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw Dul--sf-b-msX ]n]-p-n-. \nbw

Dul-fm-h-s, kXys kw_-n-n-S-tmfw Hcp {]tbm-P-\hpw
sNn. \nbw Amlp Ah {]hnp--Xn-s\smsmw
icnpw Adn-hp--h Xs-bm-Ip-p.
266
JpB\ns Bmhv
AXm-bXv kwL-S-\-I cq]o-I-cn-p-Ibpw {ItaW AXv aX--sftmWw

amdpIbpw sNbvXXv Am-lp-hns {Kns ASn-m-\-n-tem kXy-ns
ASn-m-\-ntem A. adnv \nKa\-sf am{Xw Bkv]-Z-am-n-bm-Wv. aX-ùXnI t\Xm-sf ]np-S-cp--h-cpw Adnpw Btem-Nn-p-a AXpsNp--Xvadnv
henb henb Bfp-I CsXms ]d-bp-Ibpw kzw ]nXm-fpw Ah-cpsS ]nXm-fp-samw AXv hniz-knv BN-cnpt]mcp-Ibpw sNp--XpsImv AsXmw
kXy-am-bn-cnpw F \nK-a-\-n am{X-am-Wv. An-km-Av: 118 s hni-Zo-I-c-Wn Fm Hmtcm Bbn-c-nepw Hv am{Xta kzK-n-te-pq, Fv \_n
]Tn-n-Xv D-cn-p-sImv Atm B Hn -Ds]-Spm Hmtcmcpcpw
lrZ-bw -sImv DS-a-tbmSv tNmZn-pI-X-s thWsav hnizm-kn-I ]d-bp-tm,
Am-lp-hns Imcp-Wys \n-sf-n-\mWv Npcp-p-Xv? Atm \psS ]qhnIamcpw t\Xm--fp-samw \c-I-n-te-m-sW-mtWm \n ]d-bp-Xv? Fmbn-cnpw Ah tNmZn-pI. Pnp-I-sfbpw a\p-jy-tcbpw apgp-h\pw sImv Rm
\cIw Ipn-\n-d-pI Xs sNpsav ]nim-Nn\v hmp-sIm-Sp-Xmbn ]d-bp
AAvdm^v: 18, lqZvv: 119, lnPv: 43, Ckvdm-Av: 63, kPZ: 13, kzmZvv: 85, Alv-Jm^v: 18
Fo kq- am{X-a 6236 kqfpw aqSn-sh-p-h
- c
- m-bX
- n-\m-emWv Chv
Xu_: 68, 73, kq--fn Ip^v^m-dp-I Fv ]d-np-Xv.
Duls shSnbm\pw Am-lp-hns amK-n Xs-bmWv Fv Dd-p-hcp-m-\p GI D]-I-cWw Jp-B\ns Bibw am{X-am-Wv. \n-b-w AXvJpB Dd-p-\Ip kXyw Xs-bm-sWv AlmJ: 51 ]d-n-p-v. JpB Inn-bnv AXns Bm-hns\ a\-n-em-m {ian-m-sX, apKm-an-Isf
A-ambn ]n]-n Jp-B\ns icocw ]mcm-bWw sNpI-hgn hnn\nv Av
sXdn-p thK-n Zo\n\n-v sXdn-p-t]m-Ip-sa-v \_n ]Tn-n-n-pv, Ah
"lmhn-'(Gas Chamber)- bn ]Xnp-sav AJm-cnA: 711 epw, Ah-cpsS In\v
Dd-p-e-`n-p--Xp-hsc \cIw ImWpI Xs sNpsapw, ]ns Fm A\p-{Kl-sf-p-dnpw Ah tNmZyw sN-s-Sp-sapw A-Im-kp: 58 epw ap-dn-bnv
\In-bnp-v. \n\v Ddva-c-Ww-h-cp--Xp-hsc \o Am-lp-hn\v thn am{Xw
Pohn-p--h-\m-I-W-sav lnPv: 99- I]nn-p-v. _Jd: 7879, An-km-Av:
59, ABw: 116, AAvdm^v: 179, bq\p-kv: 18 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
37.
Cu Jp-B Am-lp-hns\qSmsX amcmepw sIn--a-p-mnbX Xs. FmeXv AXns appXns\ kXy-s-Sp-p-Xpw FmWv {K-sav hni-Zo-I-cn-p--Xp-am-Wv. AXv k-tem-I-fp-sSbpw \mY-\n \np--Xm-sW- -Imcy-n bmsXmcp kwib-hp-an.
_Jd: 2, amCZ: 48 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Cu {Kw,

AXns Imcy-n kwi-b-an-, k-tem-I--fpsSbpw DS-a-bn\nv Ah-X-cnn-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. AtXm CXv Atlwapl-Zv sIn--a--Xm-sWv Ah

bq\pkvv (10)
267
]d-bp-pthm? A; CXv \ns \mY-\n\n-p kXyw Xs-bm-Ip-p, \n\v
apv ap-dn-bn-p-Im Bcpw hcm Hcp P\-Xsb CXp-sImv XmoXv \Im\pw,
-A-h kamK-n-em-Im\pw thnbmWv Cu {Kw Ah-X-cn-n-p-Xv Fv
kPZ: 23 ]d-n-pv. AXns appXns\ kXy-s-Sp-p--Xv Fp-]-d-Xns hnh-, eulp alv^q-fn(Compact Disc) tcJ-s-Sp-n-sh-n-p
H-{K--amb Jp-B Xs-bmWv Fm-Im-epw hn-p--sXpw, AXns
icocw hnhn-[ `mj-I-fnem-sW-nepw Bmhv Hp-X-s-bm-Wv Fp-amWv. Fm
a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw Bmhv Hn \np--XmWv, Fm {]hm-N-Iamcpw Htc ZuXyn\v thn-bmWv h-Xv F-Xp-t]mse Fm thZ{K-fpsSbpw Bmhpw
Hp-X-sbmWv. AXmWv Hcp hn]v kw`-hn-p-tm hnizm-kn-I "\nbw
R Am-lp-hn \np--hcpw Ah-\n-te-vXs Xncn-p-t]m-Ip--h-cp-amWv'
Fv ]d-bp--Xns s]mcp. {K-s hni-Zo-I-cn-p--Xv Fp-]-d-m,
FmWv {Kw AXns Bmhv FmWv? icocw FmWv? Poh FmWv?
dqlv FmWv? Ien-amv FmWv? Fn\mWv {Kw Fn-\mWv AXv Ah-Xcn-n-Xv?Fp-sImv {Kw D]-tbm-Kn-Ww? Fs-m-w hni-Zo-Ic
- n-pXv FmWv. apJ-hpc t\mp-I.
38.
A, AXv Atlw sIn--a--Xm-sWv Ah ]d-bp-pthm? \o ]dbp- I : AXp- t ]m- e p Hcp kqdv sImp- h - c nI Am- l phns\qSmsX \nv Bsc-sbmw hnfn-m Ign-bptam Ahsc-sbmw klm-bn-n\v hnfn-p-sIm-p-Ibpw sNp-I\n kXyhmam-cm-sW-n!
_Jd: 23-24, 121 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
39.
Fm GsXmns\pdn-p Adnhv Ahv Dsm-m Ignn-s-tbm, GsXm-ns {]h-N\w Ah-cpsS apn shfn-hmbn-ntbm AXns\ Ah Xn--d-bp-I-bm-Ip-p. A{]-Imcw Chp
app--hcpw kXys Xn-dn-p-v. Atm Acw A{Ian-I-fpsS ]cy-h-km\w F-s\-bm-bn-cp-p-shv t\mn-m-Wp-I.
Ben-Cw-dm: 7 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. a\-n h{I-X-bp I]-S-hn-izmknI Be-m-cnI kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw tNmZn-p-sImv, Bibw kv]amb kq--fpsS Bibwt]mepw ]Tn-m t{]cn-n-msX ^mPn-dp-Isf JpB\ns Bi-b-n \nv AI-p-p. Bibw kv]amb kq ]n]-pIbpw ap--hv ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp--h-cmWv \n-fn Ghpw D-a Fv
\_n-bn-eqsS Amlp ]Tn-n--sXmpw ]cn-K-Wn-msX, Ccw a\p-jy-n-im-Np-fmb I]-Sam Jp-B\ns icocw Xnp-sImv hnn\nv Ap-sX-dn-p
thK-n Zo\n\nv sXdn-p-t]m-Ip \b-amWv km[m-c-W-msc ]Tn-n-pXv. Cu cp-Iq-cpw A{I-an-Ifpw -{`mamcpw Im^n-dp-I-fp-am-sWv ABw:
21, bq\pkv: 17 kq--fnsemw ]d-n-p-v. Ch Xs-bmWv [nm-cn-I-fmb
268
JpB\ns Bmhv
sXmSnI. N{I-hm-f--fnepw Ahcn Xsbpw \mw Zrm-- shfn-s-SppI Xs sNpw, \nbw Cu Jp-B kXyw Xs-bm-sWv Ahv shfnhm-Ip--Xp-h-sc. \nbw \ns \mY Fm- Im-cy-n\pw kmn-bm-sWXv
\n\v t]msctbm? Fv ^pkzn-ev: 53- ]d-n-p-.v A-Bw: 33, 55, AAvdm^v:
40, 53, Xu_: 67 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
40.
Ah-cn Cu Jp-B- sImv hniz-kn-p--h-cp-v. Ah-cn Cu

Jp-B- sImv hniz-kn-m-h-cp-ap-v. \mi-Im-cn-Isfpdnv
\ns \mY icnpw Adn-hp--h Xs-bm-Ip-p.
_Jd: 121 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Jp-B\n hniz-kn--h Fv ]-d-bmsX

"Jp-B- sImv hniz-kn--h' Fv ]d--Xn \npw Jp-B-\ns Bibw
a\-n-emn hniz-kn-Ww Fpw, "Jp-B- sImv hniz-knm-h' Fv
]d--Xn \npw JpB e`n-nv AXv Fm-sWv a\-n-em-m {ian-m-hcmWv Fpam-Wv. CXn Jp-B e`n apkvenwI-fmWv Ds-Sp-I. Jp-B\n hniz-kn-m--h FmWv ]d-n-cp--sX-n AXn Jp-B e`n-m
AapkvenwIfpw DsSp-am-bn-cpp. An-km-Av: 82 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. JpB- Inn-bnv hniz-kn-t--hn[w hniz-kn-m--h A{I-an-Ifpw \mi-Im-cn-I-fpam-Wv. `qansb \in-n-p--Xn-\p-thn HmSn-\-S-p ]nim-Nns GPp-am-cm-Wh. Ahv Cu Jp-B \jvS-a-msX hn-n-p-I-bn-sv Ckvdm-Av: 82
]d-n-p-v. Xu_: 125, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv Jp-B amen-\y-n-\p-ta amen\y-a-msX hn-n-p-I-bn-spw, Ah Im^n-dm-bn-smv acn-pI Xs sNpsapw ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B-sImv hniz-kn--h k-\--fm-Wv. Ahv A\pIqe-ambn JpB hmZn-p-Ibpw kmn-\np-Ibpw sNpw. A-Bw: 26, 155157, Xu_: 55, 85, 95 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Am-lpth, Rsf \o \mi-Im-cn-I-fnepw AXncv Ihn--h-cnepw AXn-{Ia-Im-cn-If
- nepw Ds-Sp-c
- ptX! Am-lpth, Rsf \o hW-a
- p-h
- c
- nepw \ns
Ip-sImv Ncn-p--h-cnepw Ds-Sp-t-Wta! Rsf "kXyw sImv' kzKn hnNm-cW
- b
- n-msX {]th-in-p-h
- t- cm-sSm-hpw Jp-Bs\ ap-h
- scsmv
kXy-s-Sp-n-n-p--h-tcm-sSm-hpw kzK-n {]th-in-n-t-Wta! Hm kXyw
Ah-X-cn-n-npht\.
41.
Ah \ns If-hm-p-p-sh-n Atm \o ]d-bp-I: F\nv

Fs Iw \nv \n-fpsS I--fpw. Rm {]hn-p-Xns D-c-hm-Zn--n \nv \n hnap-cm-Ipp. \n
{]hn-p--Xns D-c-hm-Zn--n \nv Rm\pw hnap-\mIp-p.
kqd: Im^n-dq\n, Jp-B Inn-bnv aqSn-sh-p Im^n-dp-Isf hnfnv: Hm

Im^n-dp-I-tf, \n C_m-Zv sNp-hv Rm C_mZv sNp-n, Rm
bq\pkvv (10)
269
C_m-Zv sNp--h\v \nfpw C_m-Zv sNp--h-c-. \n- C_m-Zv
sNp Hns\ Rm `mhn-bnepw C_m-Zv sNp--h-\, Rm C_m-Zv
sNp--hs\ `mhn-bn \nfpw C_m-Zv sNp--h-c-. \nv \n-fpsS
Pohn-X-co-Xn F\nv Fs PohnX-coXn Fv ]d-bm-\mWv \_n-tbmSpw hnizm-knItfmSpw Amlp I]n-npXv. kzKhpw \c-Ihpw Hmtcm-cp-cpw ChnsS kmZn-t--Xm-Wv. Atm \mw Xn Xn-t--Xn-. Fs {]h-\-fpsS apgp-h D-c-hm-Zn-hpw {km-hns apn Rm Xs-bmWv ]d-tbXv. \n-fpsS \mYs ktiw Fn-p-X-cn-I-sb _m[yX am{X-amWv Fnep--Xv. amCZ: 67 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. C\n Rm sImp-h ktiw
Am-lp-hns ] \np--X-s-n Rm Xs-bm-bn-cnpw Ghpw henb
A{I-an. Fm AXv kXyambn-cn-p-Ibpw \n AXns\ Xn--d-bp-I-bp-amsW-n \nfm-bn-cnpw Ghpw henb A{I-an-I. \n Xsbmbn-cnpw
AXns D-ch
- m-Znw hln-t-Xpw. bq\p-kv: 17- hniZo-Ic
- Ww t\mp-I. _Jd:
134, 286, Ben-Cw-dm: 30,185, A-Bw: 3435, 52, 66, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
42.
Ah-cn \o ]d-bp-Xv tIp-sIm-n-cnp Nne-cp--v. Fm _[ncamsc-A-h _pn-bp-]-tbm-Kn-p Nnn-m--h-cm-sW-nepw, \o

tIn-ph\mtWm?
tI- X p- s Imv Imcy- a m- b n- , AXv lrZbw ]s- S pv tIp- I - b pw

AXns\pdnv NnnpIbpw thWw. Am--hsc Poh-Pm-e--fnshv Ghpw
Xn-tb-dn-b-h-cpw kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fpam-bnmWv A^m: 22, 55 kq--fn ]dn-p--Xv. _Jd: 18, 171, A-Bw: 25, 36, AAvdm^v: 179 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
43. Ah-cn Nne \ns Xpdnv t\mp--h-cp-v. Fm Aamsc
Ah DmgvN ImWm--h-cm-sW-nepw\o kamK-n-em-p-h-\mtWm?
Ah DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iamb Jp-B\ns Bibw ImWm-Xv ImcWw
Aam-cm-bn-cn-bmWv. AYhm Ahv Bm-hns In-\mWv ImgvN-bn-m-Xv. ico-c-ns In\v ImgvN-bp-v. AXv sImv Jp-B-\ns icocw ImWpIbpw tIp-Ibpw sNp-papv. Fm Jp-B\ns BibwsIms In\v
aqSn-bp Im^n-dp-I-fm-W-h. Ilv^v: 100-101, Xzmlm: 124-127, kzmZv: 8 kq-
t\mp-I. Ckvdm-Av: 72, BcmtWm Cl-tem-Iv Cam-amb Jp-Bs\smv
AX \Sn--Xv, Ah ]c-tem-I-v IqSp-X Aamcpw Gsd hgn-]n-g--h-cp-amsWv ]d-n-pv. ^pJm: 34, Jp-B Inn-bnv ChnsS Xe- D-bn- \Sm--h \msf \c-I-n-tev apJwIpn-sImv hen-n-g--s-Sp--h-cpw, Ah
Gsd hgn-]n-g--h-cp-am-sWpw ]dn-p-v. _Jd: 171, Ben-Cw-dm: 79, A-Bw:
104, AAvdm^v: 193-198 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-pI.
44. \nbw Amlp a\p-jy-tcmSv Hpw A{Iaw ImWn-p-h
- \
-
- . Fm
270
JpB\ns Bmhv
a\p-jy AhtcmSv Xs A{Iaw ImWn-p--hcm-Ip-p.
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mb \njv]--hm-\mb Amlp kzK-nshv a\p-jysc

JpB ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Adlvam: 14, Jnbma: 14-15, Aw-kv: 710, _e-Zv: 10,
Ckm: 3 kq- t\mp-I. a\p-jysc kzK-n \nv `qan-bn-tev \ntbmKn--b-tm, Fn \np lpZ hp-Inpw, AXv hp-In-n-btijw AXns\
]n]-n-bm \nv `b-s-Sm\pw Zp:Jnm\pw CS-h-cn-I-bn Fv _Jd: 38
]d-n-pv. {]m-\-Iv Dcw e`n-m\pw Ia- kzoI-cn--s-Sm\pw
_Jd: 186 cv \n_--\-I ]Tn-n-npv. Fm-Im-cy-fpw lrZ-b-ns
`mj-bn a\p-jyv ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p Jp-B\ns Bi-ba
- mWv AXns Bmhmb AnIv AYhm DWp--Xv. A-Bw: 9091, Xu_: 115 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\m-p-I. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-amWv GsXm-cmpw lrZbw sImv a\-n-emm Amlp Ffpam-n-bn-p--sXv Ja: 17 ]d-n-p-v. kzKhpw \cI-hp-samw Hmtcm-cp-cpw ChnsS ]Wn-tb--Xm-sWv Cu kqhpw ]Tn-npp. _Jd: 57, AAv-dm^v: 178 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
45.
Ah-sc- ]p\cpohn-nv Hcp-an-p-Iq-p- Zn\w, ]c-kv]cw Xncn--dnbm \n-bn--s]I-en \np Hcp aWnqd-msX Cl-temIp Pohn-ncpn F-hv tXmpw. Am-lp-hn-s\- I-p-apn
Chn-Ss Pohn-Xspdnv Dcw ]d-bWsa hkvXp-Xsb Xn-d--h Xo-bmbpw \jvS-neIsncn-p-p. Ah Hcn-epw
"lpZm' D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n kamKw {]m]n-p--h-cm-bncpn-.
lpPdmv: 13- a\p-jysc hnfnv: \n-bw \mw \nsf krjvSn-n-p-Xv

Hcp BWn \npw Hcp s]n \np-amWv. \nsf hnhn[ tZi-mcpw tKm{Xm-cp-ambn thXn-cn-n-p-Xv \n ]c-kv]cw Xncn--dnbm thn-am-{X-am-Wv
Fv ]d-Xn \npw, PohnXeyw ]c-kv]cw Xncn--dn-b- am{XamWv Fv
a\-n-emn ChnsS Bbpv Xn-\o-n-b-h-cmWv, \msf ]c-tem-Iv kq-n
]d-Xpt]mse \jvS-s-Sp--h. "\nbw, Am-lp-hns ASp- BZ-c-Wob \n-fn-te-hpw XJvhbp--h-cmWv, Amlp k-\pw Fmw he-bw
sNbvX {XnIm-e
m-\n-bp-atm!' F kq-nsAh-km-\`- mKw ]cn-KWnmsX,
XJvh hnm-\p D]-[n-bmb Jp-B-\ns Bibw hp-In-n-b-Xn\v tijw
kzbw D]-tbm-Kn-m-sXbpw ap--hv D]-tbm-Kn-m \Im-sXbpw aqSn-sh
A{I-an-I-fm-W-h. ^Pv: 2324 kq-fn Amlp ]d-bpp: \cIw sImphcp Zn\w a\p-jy\v t_m[ywhcpw, Jp-B\ns Bibw D]tbmK-s-Sp-n-bn-cps-n F{X- \-m-bn-cp-ts\. Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpw, Hm Fs IjvSw,
Rm Fs Bbpv shdpsX If--tm Fv. Jp-B-\ns ap-dn-bnv Ah-KWnv Pohn--h, B Ay-Zn\w t\cn ImWp--Zn-hkw X Hcp kmbm--tamAs-n A-Xns ]qmtam am{Xta ChnsS Pohn-n-pq F an-em-bncnpw Fv Am-kn-B-v: 46 ]d-n-p-v. Xzmlm: 102-104 kq--fn,
bq\pkvv (10)
271
Iml-f-n DuX-s-Sp Znhkw Ip-I Xpdn\ne-bn {`mamsc \mw
Hcp-anp-Iq-pw. `qan-bn BsI ]p-Zn-hkw am{Xta Xma-kn-n-p-mIq F-h
ASw ]d-bpw. Ah ]d-bp--sX-m-sWv \apv \mbn Adn-bmw. A,
HcpZnhkw am{Xta Xma-kn-n-pq FmWv Iptd-qSn Adn-hp--h ]d-bp-I.
aqAvan\q: 112115- , ]c-te-Ipshv Ah-tcmSv: \n `qan-bn F{X-hjmew Ign-p-Iqn Fv tNmZn-p-tm Ah ]dbpw: Hcp Znhkw, As-n
AXns GXm\pw `mKw Ign-p-Iq-n-bn-p-m-IpwF-a-dn-bp--h-tcmSv tNmZn-p-t\mpI. Amlp ]dbpw: lm! \n A]w am{XamsX Ign-p-Iq-n-bnn,
At\n bmYmyw Xncndnbph-cmbncppshn! Atm \nbw
\mw \nsf ey-an-msX shdpsXbv krjvSn--Xm-sWpw \nsf \ntev Xncnv sImv hc-s-SpIbn-spw \n IWvIq-ntbm? Fv ]dnpv.
sFln-I-Po-hnXw ]c-tem-I-t-p Irjn-bn-S-am-Wv. kzK-n krjvSnv
`qan-bn-tev a\p-jys\ \ntbm-Kn-n-p-Xv ChnsS Ipd Imes PohnXw sImv
kzKw ]WnXv, ]WnX B kzK-n-tep Xs Xncn-p-t]m-Im-\m-Wv. Jp-B
e`n-nv {]kvXpX Pohn-X-eyw ]menv ChnsS Pohn-m--h-scmw Xs, Fs
Bbpv shdpsX If- - t m, Rm Fs \jv S - s - S p- n- b - t m, Fs
JpB\ns Bi-b-n \nv Cn-en--h\mWtm XS-Xv, ]nimNv a\pjy\v almh-I Xs-bm-bn-cpp Fsmw hne-]n-p--XmWv Fv ^pJm:
27-29 ]d-n-pv.
^pJm: 24-, kzK-hm-kn-Iv At-Zn-hkw, D-a-amb hn{i-a--ehpw
a[ymw Ign-p-Iq-m-\p \- Xm-ak
-
e
- hpw e`n-p-sav ]d-n-p-v. bmko:
55-58 kq--fn, kzK-hm-kn-I At-Zn\w ku`m-Ky--fn D-kn-p-sImn-cnpw. XW-ep-I-fn-en-n-cn-p Ae-m-c-I-n-ep-I-fn Ahcpw Ah-cpsS CWIfpw B\--tmsS Ccn-pw. Ahv AhnsS a[p-c--\n-Ifpw Ah Bh-iy-sSp--sXm-sbpw e`n-pw. "\nv kam-[m\w" Fm-bn-cnpw Imcp-Wn-I-\mb
Am-lp-hn \nv Ahv Inp A`n-hm-Zyw Fv ]d-n-pv. 5962 kqfn, {`mamsc \n Cp amdn-\nq! BZw k-XnItf, \n ]nimNn\v thn Pohn-cpsX-pw, Ah \n-fpsS {]Xy i{Xp-hm-sW-pw, \n
F\npam{Xw Pohn-p--h-cm-IpI Fpw, AXmWv t\h-gnsbp-sams \ntfmSv Rm DS-Snhmnbn-cp-n-t, Fm \n-fn \nc-h[n Xe-ap-d-Isf sNIpm ]mn-emnbncn-p-tm, Atm \n _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knp Nnn-p-h-cm-bn-cp-nt Fv tNmZn-p cwKw hc-p-Im-Wn-n-p-v. A-Bw: 31, 90,
AAvdm^v: 89 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
46. AhtcmSp hmKvZw sNp Nne in-I \ns Pohn-X- Ime-pXs \mw ImWn-p-X-t-pw As-n \mw \ns AXn\p apmbn
Xncn-p-hn-fn-spw hcmw. Atm GXp-\n-epw Ah-cp-sS-sbmw
272
JpB\ns Bmhv
aSw \n-te-m-Ip-p. ]ns Ah {]hn-psImncp--Xn\v
Amlp kmn-bp-amIpp.
Ah-tcmSv hmKvZw sNbvXin \ns Pohn-XImev Xs ImWn-p-Xt-pw, As-n AXn\papv Xs \ns Xncn-p-hn-fn-t-mw. GXm-bmepw
\ns _m[yX Fn-p-sIm-Sp--em-Wv, hnNm-cW \psS _m[y-X-bm-Ip-p Fv
dAvZv: 40-epw, \nbw \o acn-p--Xm-Wv, Ahcpw acn-p--Xm-Wv. ]ns hn[n-Znhkw \n \nfpsS \mYs ASp-p-shv Xn-p--Xp-amsWv kp-a: 3031 epw ]d-n-p-v. An-bm-Av: 34-35 Amlp ]d-bpp: \mw \n\papv
Hcp a\p-jy-t\bpw imiz-X-\m-n-bn-n, Atm \o a-cn-p-I-bm-sWn AhcmtWm ChnsS imizXcmbn-cn-pI? Fm Hmtcm Bmhpw acWw cpNn-p-IXs sNpw. Xna- sImpw \a- sImpw \mw \nsf ]co-n-pXpamWv.
]ns \n-tev Xs-btm \n- aS--s-Sp-Xpw. Cu kq-ns ASnm-\-n Cukm\_nbpw acn-n-pv Fv hmZn-p Nne-cpv. Fm Ah
An-km-Av: 157-159, adnbw: 33, kpKvdp^v: 61 XpS-nb kq- aqSn-sh-p--hcpw Jp-B\
- n sshPmXyw krjvSn-p-- I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-Ifpam-Wv. Jp-B\
- n \nv
Nne kq- FSp-p-Ibpw NneXv aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw sNp Ccw \ntj-[nIv Cl-n \ny-Xbpw ]c--n AXn-I-Tn-\amb in-bpamWv _Jd: 85-
hmKvZw sNbvXn-p-X
- v. kpa: 69-70 kq-f
- n Amlp ]d-bpp: hn[nZnhkw
`qan AXns \mYs {]Im-i-m {]tim-`n-p-Xpw Ah-cpsS {Kw lmP-cm-s-Sp--Xp-amW.v ]ns \_n-am-tcbpw ap kmn-I-tfbpw sImp hcp-Xpw
Ah-n-S-bn Jp-B sImv hn[n -I]n-p--Xp-am-Wv. Ah- A]wt]mepw
A\o-Xn -Im-Wn--s-Sp-I-bp-an-. Fm Hmtcm -B-m-hn\pw Ah {]h-n-Xn\v
{]Xn-êw \Ip--Xp-am-Wv. Ah {]h-npsXmw Ah Gw Adn-bp-h-\p-atm. _Jd: 119, Ben-Cw-dm: 185, amCZ: 67, 94 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
47.
Fm Hmtcm kap-Zm-bn\pw Hcp ZqX\pv. Atm Ah-cnte-p

ZqX hp-I-gn-m Ahn-S-bn \oXn-sImv hn[n- I]n-s-Sp-I-bm-bn. Ah- A]w t]mepw A{Iaw sN-s-Sp--hcm-hp-Ibn-.
Fm Hmtcm kap-Zmbn\pw Hcp ZqX-\p-smWv ChnsS ]d--sXn,

Fm Hmtcm P\-Xpw Hmtcm amK-Zi-I-\p-ap-sv d-AvZv: 7epw ]d-n-p-v.
apl-Zv \_n h-Xp-ap-X Ay-\m hsc-bp a\p-jycmWv apl-Zv \_nbpsS D-v AYhm k-ap-Zm-bw. A-Avdm^v:157-158 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. aplZv \_n-bpsS P\-X-bn, am apivcnpIfpw, \_n-sb _mly-ambn {]hm-N-I\mbn AwKo-I-cnv \_n-bpsS t]cpw kwkvIm-c-hp-samw kzoIcn--h-cmsWv
A`n-am-\np, lpPdm:v 14- ]cm-ain _ZpAd-_n-I-sf-tm-se-bp Ay\mhsc-bp apkvenwIfpamWv -DsSp--Xv. Ap-A-dm-Av: 208-209 , \mw Hcp
\mSn-s\bpw B \mn-tev Hcp ap-dn-bn-p-Im-cs\ \ntbm-Kn-n--msX \in-n-p-
bq\pkvv (10)
273
I-bn. DWpI, \nbw \mw A{I-an-p--h-cn s]-h-\ Xs Fp-]-dn-p-v. Atm apl-Zv \_n-bpsS PohnXw ]n]-p hnizm-kn-I-fmWv Cv
ap-P-\-Xv amK-Zin-I. An-km-Av: 115 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. kpa:
69, hnNm-c-W-Zn-hkw Ah-c-h-cpsS {Kw lmP-cm-p-I-bpw, \_n-am-scbpw kmnI-sfbpw sImp-h-cn-Ibpw, Ahn-S-bn "lJp' sImv hn[n- I]n-p-Ibpw
sNpsa-pw, Ah-tcmSv A]wt]mepw A\oXn ImWn-p-I-bn-spw ]d-n-pv. ChnsS ]cm-ain "lJv' sImpw, kq-n ]cm-ain "JznkvXv'\oXn
sIpw Dt-in-p-Xv Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-wX-sbm-Wv. kmn-Ifmbn sImph-cp-Xv AXmXv P\-X-bnep, \_n-bpsS PohnXamb Jp-B-\ns PohnXw kXys-Spn Pohn-p amK-Zin-I-sfbm-Wv. Cv samw kap-Zmbn\v \_nbpsS
PohnXw kmyw hlnv ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-t _m[yX apkvenwI-fn-em-Wv. _Jd: 143 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. Fm Ah-cn-ep hnizm-kn-I am{Xta B
_m[yX \n-ln-p-I-bp-q. Am--h-scmw Im^n-dp-Ifpw A{I-an-Ifpw I]-Shn-izm-kn-I-fp-am-sWv amCZ: 44, 45, 47 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWn hmbnpI. Cu P\-X-sb-bmWv PpapA: 5, Igp-X-tbmSpw PqX-tcmSpw, AAvdm^v:
176, D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amw hcm \mb-tbmSpw D]-an-n-p--Xv. hn[nZn-hkw apl-Zv \_n Jp-B\pw sImphv "Fs Cu P\X Cu JpB-\n
\nv AI-p-t]m-b-XmWv Chp-h ZpK-Xn'sbv A\ymbw t_m[n-n-p
cwKw ^pJm: 30 ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. D-n-\p-thn apl-Zv \_n
ac-W-k-a-bpt]mepw {]mn-p-I-bmWp-m-b-sX-n P\-X-s-Xn-cm-bn-mWv
hn[n-Zn-hkw kmyw hln-p-I. AXn-\p-Im-cWw P\X apl-Zv \_nsb
sImmsX sImp--h-cpw, Jp-Bs\ kzbw Xnp-Itbm ap--hsc Xop-Itbm
sNmsX aqSn-shp-h-cp-am-bXpsIm-m-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm: 21-22, A-Bw: 26 hniZo-I-cWw t\mpI. Cu P\X Xs-bmWv ako-lp--m-ens\ B\-bn-p-hcpw,
Ahs\ klm-bn-p--h-cpw, Ahs sIWn-bn s]Sp--h-cpw. ]noSv Cukm\_n
hm KpWw Inp-Xv ssl-hpw ss{IkvX-hp-am-Wv. Cukm\_n,
Ckveman-s\bpw apl-Zv \_n-sbbpw Ahv ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p-I-bpw, Jp-B\ns
Bibw ]Tn-nv AhcpsS hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. JpB\ns Bibw Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p-, ako-lp--m-ens\ kzoI-cn-m tImpIq-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf Cukm\_n-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-n hnizm-kn-I h[n-p-Xp-amWv. amCZ: 8, Xu_: 123 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
48. Ah tNmZn-p-Ibpw sNpp: \n ]d-bp-Xv kXy-am-sW-n
Ftm-gmWv Cu hmKvZw ]pe-cpI?
bq\p-kv: 11 t\mp-I.
49. ]d-bp-I: F\nv Fs kzw Imcy-n Hcp D]-{Z-htam D]-Imctam hcp-m A[n-Im-c-an-Amlp Dt-in--X-msX. Fm kapZm-b-n\pw Hcp Ah-[n-bp-v. AhcpsS Ah[n Fn--gn-m
274
JpB\ns Bmhv
]ns Hcp \nanjw apn-p-Itbm Hcp \nanjw ]nn-p-Itbmbn.
A-Bw: 2, AAvdm^v: 188 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
50.
Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-p-I: \n a\-n-em-n-bn-ptm? cm{Xnbntem

As-n ]Ientem Ahs in \nv hp-`-hnp F-n-cns. Atm Cu {`mam FmWv AXn-\p-thn [rXnIqnsmn-cn-p-Xv?
51.
Atm AXv kw`-hn-mte \n hniz-knpI-bpq Fptm?

AXv kw`-hn-p-tm, Ctm-gmtWm \n hniz-kn-m t]mIpXv? CXn\papv \n AXn-\p-thn [rXnsp-sIm-n-cn-p-h-cm-bn-cp-tm FmWv ]d-b-s-Sp-I.
52.
]ns Ccw A{I-an-I-tfmSv imiz-X-amb in cpNn-p-sImpI

Fv -]-d-b-s-Sp-Xm-Wv. \n km-Zn-p-sIm-n-cp--Xn-\-msX
\nv {]Xn-êw \I-s-Sptam?
A-Bw: 55, 57-59, AAvdm^v: 97-99 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. kpa: 55,

\nv \n-fpsS \mY-\n \nv Cd--s-Xv-Jp-B Ghpw \-\n-ev
]n]-p-Ibpw sNp-I, \n Adn-bmsX s]sv acWw Bk--am-Ip--Xn\p
apv As-n in Bk--am-Ip--Xn\p apv Fv ]d-n-pv. dqlv sXmp-gn-bn Fp-tm hnizmkw kzoI-cn-mt\m {]mb-nw \Imt\m km[np-I-bn-sv _Jd: 254, An-km-Av: 18 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n t\mp-I. Ah-c-h
km-Zn-Xv Xs-bmWv ]c-tem-Iv {]Xn-^-e-ambn e`n-p-I-sbv Cu kqhpw
]Tn-n-p-p. Atm kzKhpw \c-Ihpw Hmtcm-cp-cpw ChnsS ]Wn-b-pXmWv.
bmko: 54, Atm Ct-Zn\whn[n-Zn-h-k-w Hcm-tfmSpw A]wt]mepw
A\oXn ImWn--s-Sp-I-bn-. \n {]hn-n-cp--Xn-\msX \nv {]Xnêw \I-s-Sptam? Fp-tNm-Zn-p-p. Ah {]hn-p-sIm-n-cp-X
- n-\
- msX
Ahv {]Xn-êw sImSpms\mptam Fv tNmZn-p-sIm-m-Wv k_-Av: 33
Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. Ben-Cw-dm: 182, 185, AAvdm^v: 178 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
53.
\o ]d-bp-Xv kXywXstbm Fv Ah \ntmSv BW-bnv tNmZnp-p-h-tm. ]d-bp-I: AsX, Fs dmWv kXyw, \nbw AXv
kXyw Xs-bm-Wv. \n AXv \S-n-em-Ip-Xv XS-bm i-scmp-a- Xs.
Fs dmWv kXyw Fv -]-d-p-sImv kXyw sNbvXp-]-d-n-p-Xv

Jp-B-\n aqv -kq---fn am{X-am-Wv. AXm-Is ]p\P-ns kw`-hyX
Dd-n-p-sIm-p-am-Wv. k_-Av: 3, kXy\ntj-[n-I ]d-bp-p: B AyaWnq \apv hs-p-I-bn-sv. ]d-bp-I: A, Fs dmWv kXyw, \nXv
bq\pkvv (10)
275
hs-pI Xs sNpw. AZr-iy- Adn-bp GI-\mb Ah-\n\nv Hcp
AWp-Afhv Xq-whcptXm AXn-tesd sNdptXm heptXm Bb hkvXp-Ah
BIm-i--fntem `qan-bntem Bbn-cn--sHpw Xs adv \np-n-, Fmw
Hcp hy-am-b- {Kn tcJ-s-Sp-n-b--msX C Fpw. A-Km-_p:
7, \ntj-[n-I-fm-b-h Dd-np ]d-bp-p: \nbw Ah ]p\Po-hn-n--s-Sp-IbnXs Fv. Ah-tcmSp ]d-bp-I: A, Fs dmWv kXyw, \n ]p\Pohn-n--s-SpI Xs sNpw. ]ns \n FmWv {]hn-p-sIm-n-cpsXv \n-tfmSv hnhcw ]d-p-X-cnI Xs sNpw. AXm-Is, Am-lp-hn\v
hfsc Ffp--ap Imcy-am-Ip-p Fpw ]d-n-pv.
Jp- B \ns Bibw e`n- n,v ]c- t em- I hnPb- n\pthn kmZnpXn\mWv `qan-bn a\p-jysc \ntbmKn-n-p--sX PohnXeyw a\-nemmsX sFln-IP
- o-hn-Xw sImv Xr]vXn-s-Sp I]-Sh
- n-iz-hm-kn-It- fmSmWv ]p\
P-ns kw`-hy-Xsbpdnv BW-bnv ]d-bp-Xv. bq\pkv: 78 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I. Fm Cl-tem-Iv a\-xkmnv hncp-ambn Xn-I-sfmpw
{]hn-m, Jp-B e`n-n-n-m--hsc {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Amlp ]p\
P\n-n-p-sIm--W-sa-n FmWv A_k: 22mw kq-{]-Imcw "]ns Ah
Dt-in-p-I-bm-sW-n hopw ]p\xkrjvSn--s-Sp--Xm-Wv' Fv ]d--Xn
\nv a\-n-emmhp-Xv. _Jd: 34, 255, Xu_: 51 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
54.
\n-bw, A{Iaw {]hn Hmtcm hyn-bpsS ]epw `qan-bnse

kpI apgp-h\pw Ds-n B Zn\-nse in-bn \nv
tamNn-X\
- m-Ip-X
- n\pthn AsXm-sbpw ]Ic-ambn \Im Ah
k--\m-hpw. B in t\cn ImWp-tm Ah XfpsS Dns-bpn tJZn-p-sIm-n-cn-pw. ]t \oXnsImv AhnSbn hn[n- I]n-s-Sp-X
- pw, Ah- A]wt]mepw A\o-Xn ImWn-s-Sp--h-cpam-hp-I-bn.
Cu kq-ns BZy-`m-K-ns hni-Zo-I-c-W-n\v\n-bw, A{Iaw

{]hn Hmtcm hyn-bpsS ]epw `qan-bnse kpI apgp-h\pw Dsn B Zn\-nse in-bn \nv tamNn-X-\m-Ip--Xn\pthn AsXm-sbpw
]Ic-ambn \Im Ah k--\m-bmepw Ah-\n\nv kzoI-cn-p-I-bn Fv
Ben-Cw-dm: 91 s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I. `qan-bn-ep apgp-h Bfp-Ifpw
A{I-an-Ifmbn amdn-bn-cp-p-sh-n AXns\`q-an-sb ]Icw shp-am-bn-cpp Fpw
Cu kq`mK-n\v Bi-b-ap-sv ABw: 4547 s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n \nv
a\-n-emmw. AAvdm^v: 89, bq\pkv: 47 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
55.
Adn-n-cn-p-I, \nbw BIm-i

- f
- nepw `qa-nbn-ep-ap Fm Hpw
Am-lp-hn-\p--Xm-Ip-p. Adn-n-cn-p-I, \nbw Am-lp-hns
hmKvZw kXy-ambn ]pe-cpI Xs sNpw. Fm Ah-cn A[nI-t]cpw A-dn-hnm-h-cm-Ip-p.
276
56.
JpB\ns Bmhv
Ah- Pohn-n-p-Ibpw Ah Xs- acn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
Ah\ntev Xs-bmWv \n-sf-m-hcpw Xncn--b--s-SpXpw.
Jp-B\ns Bibw Adn-bp hnizm-kn-I am{Xta BIm-i-`q-an-IfpsSbpw

Ah-n-S-bn-ep-ap k-N-cm-N-c--fp-sSbpw DSa Am-lp-hm-sWv k-Xn-p-Ibp-q. Ah ^mnl: 4mw kq-tam-Xp-tm R Pohn-p-Xv DS-a-bmb
\n\-p-thn am{X-amWv, AXn\v R \ntmSp am{Xw klmbw tXSp-Ibpw
sNpp F Dtiyw shv {]mnp--h-cm-Wv. Ah PohnXw apgp-h Amlp-hn\v kanv Ahs {][n-\n-[n-I-fmbn Pohn-p--hcpw BZw apX Ay\m hsc-bp a\p-jy-cn hnPbw hcn-p GI-kw-L-amb Am-lp-hns kwLn s]h-cpamWv. "Aam-\mb' Jp-B-\ns Bibw e`n-nv AXv aqSnshp-Ibpw ap-hv `qan AXns kp-e-\-n \ne-\nm DX-Ip
{Xmkmbn D]-tbm-KsSpm \Im-Xn-cnpIbpw sNp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw
Ahsc ]n]-p A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw hnUvVnIfpw A{I-an-I-fp-am-sWv Alvkm_v:
72- ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 255, 284 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
57.
Hm a\p-jytc, \nv \n-fpsS \mY-\n \np D]-tZiw

hpIgn-p. AXv \n-fpsS s\p-I-fn-ep kwi-b-v ia\-hpw, hnizm-kn-I-fm-b-hv kamKhpw Imcp-Wy-hp-am-Wv.
"auC-fv' D]-tZiw sImp-t-in-p-Xv Jp-B-\ns- B-ibw XsbmWv. Cu kq-n Fm a\p-jypw D]-tZiw hp-Inn FmWv ]d-n-p-sX-n Ben-Cw-dm: 138 ]d-Xv, Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn
p ap-Jo-v Jp-B kZp-]-tZ-ihpw kamK-hp-am-sW-m-Wv. AYhm
hnizm-kn-I am{X-amWv Jp-B\ns\ D]-tZ-i-ambn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-pI. CkvdmAv: 82, hnizm-kn-Iv Jp-B\n tcmK-i-a-\hpw Imcp-Wy-hp-ap-spw A{Ian-IXv \jvS-a-msX hn-n-p-I-bn-spw ]d-n-p-v. Cu kq-n
s\pIfn-ep kwi-b-v ia-\-amWv Fp-]-d-Xn-s hnh-, Jp-B
Inn-b-hv Hcp-Im-cy-nepw kwi-b-ap-m-hm ]mSn-. Ah kXy-n XsbmWv Ncn-p--sXv AlmJ: 51epw Ahm-Jnb: 95epw ]d Dd-mb
kXy-amb Jp-B\ns BibwsImv Dd-p-h-cp--Ww. Atm am{X-amWv Ah
aplvkn-\o--fm-hp--Xv AYhm Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImp Ncn-p--h-cm-Ip--Xv.
Ah Xs-bmWv DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iambn Jp-Bs\ D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--h. ABw: 155-157, AAvdm^v: 52, 203, Xu_: 125 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
58.
]d-bp-I, Am-lp-hn-s HuZmcyw sImpw ImcpWyw sImpw

Atm Ah cp-sImpw Ah- BmZwsImsAX-mW-h
tiJ-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p at-Xns\mfpw Daam-bnp-Xv.
Cu kq-n- ]d Hu-Zmcyw sImpw Im-cp-Wyw sImpw Dt-in-pXv Jp-B\ns Bibw Xs-bm-Wv. \n-fn Ghpw Da\pw t{ijvT\pw
bq\pkvv (10)
277
Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp--h-\m-Wv Fpw \_n
]Tn-n-n-p-v. Ben-Cw-dm: 74, An-km-Av: 113, AAv-dm^v: 169-170, Xu_: 65 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
59. tNmZn-p-I: Amlp Cd-n-bn-p `-Wh
- n-`h
- -sfpdnv \n
Nnnn-ptm? Atm Ah-bn Nne-Xns\ \n \njn-hpw
Nne-Xns\ \n A\p-h-Z-\o-bhpw Bpp. hopw tNmZn-p-I:
CXn\v Amlp \nv A\p-hmZw Xn-cn-p-pthm? AtXm
\n Am-lp-hns t]cn Iw -sI-n--a-v ]d-bp-IbmtWm?
60.
Am-lp-hn-s-ta Iw sIn--ap ]d-bp--h-cp--tm, Ah

Ay-\m-fn XfpsS Ah-sbpdnv FmWv [cn-p-sh-n-cnp-Xv? \nbw Amlp P\--fp-sS-ta hfsc HuZm-cy-ap--h
Xs-bm-Wv. Fm Ah-cn A[n-It- ]cpw \n {- ]-IS- n-n-phc
Xs.
"cnkvJv' Fm `-W-hn-`-h- am{X-a-, Amlp \Inb Fm A\p{K-l-fpw AXn Ds]-Sp--Xm-Wv. km-\- hsc AXn Ds]-Spw. Bmhns `-Whpw hkv{Xhp-amb Jp-B\ns Bi-bhpw AXn s]-Xm-Wv.
AAvdm^v: 26 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. \_n ]Tn-n- Hcp {]m-\bn Am-lpth, kXys kXy-ambn Rv ImWn-p-X-tc-W-ta. AXv ]n]-m Rsf
A\p-{K-ln-p-Ibpw sNt-W-ta. anYysb anYy-bmbn ImWn-p-X-cn-I-bpw, AXns\
hn- m Rsf A\p- { K- l n- p- I bpw sNt- W - t a. Cu {]m- \ - b n
"hkpJv\m' F-Xns Bibw Rsf A\p-{K-ln-t-Wta Fm-Wv. Atm
Ghpw henb A\p-{K-amb Jp-B kt-i-amWv ap--hv Fn-p-sIm-Sp-t-Xv. X\nv e`n-n-p Fm A\p-{K-l-fpw ap--hv Pohn-X-`mcw Ipdm
D]-tbm-K-{]-Z-amb coXn-bn D]-tbm-K-s-Spn kzKw hmp-I-bmWv Pohn-X-eyw
a\-n-em-nb hnizm-kn-I sNp-I. \njn-hpw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-hp-samw \n-bnp-Xv Am-lp-hm-Wv. AX-h Fm-Im-cyhpw hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p Jp-B-\n hniZo-I-cn-n-p-ap-v. A-Bw: 38 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. ]c-tem-I-n hn-iz-kn-p-h am{Xta Jp-B\ns Bibw a\-n-em-p-Ibpw ]n]-p-I-bp-ap-q. PohnX-eyw \jvS-s--h FmWv Jp-B, Fn-\mWv Jp-B, Fp-sImv
Jp-B? Fsmpw Nnn-p-Itbm {Kln-p-I-tbm- C. Ah Cl-tem-IPohnXwsImv Xr]vXnsh-cm-Wv. Ahsc D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amw hcm
\mb-tbm-SmWv D]-an-n-p--Xv. kPZ: 79 Amlp ]d-bpp: Ah-\mWv a\pjys krjvSnn\v Ifn-a-n \nv Bcw`w IpdnXv. ]ns Ahs hwi-]-cc lo\-amb sh-ns kn \nmn. ]ns AXns\ Lw Lfmbn
cq]-s-Sp-p-I-bpw \memw amk-n Ahs dqln\nvB-mhv+Poh
AXn Bhm-ln-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]ns \n-h tIhn, ImgvN,
_pninbpsamw \In. Fm \n A]w am{Xta \n {]I-Sn-n-p-
278
JpB\ns Bmhv
-p-p. An-km-Av: 32, 118 AAvdm^v: 176, Xu_: 115 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Am-lp-th, Rsf \o \ns {Ks kXy-s-Sp-p--h-cpw, \ns
Ftmgpw kvacn-p--h-cpw, \n\v \n -{]-I-Sn-n-p--h-cp-am-t-W-ta. Rsf
\o \ntj-[n-Ifpw kXys If-hm-p--hcpw \jvS-s--h-cp-am--cp-tX.
61.
\n GX-h
- b
- n-em-sWnepw Jp-B\
- n \nv \n Fv Xnemhv sNp-I-bm-sW-nepw, \n GsXmcp {]hrn sNbvXp-sImn-cn-p-I-bm-sW-nepw \mw \n-fp-sS-ta AhnsS kmn-bmbn
\nesImn-msX AXv kw`-hnp-n-. \nsfmcp {]hr-nbn
\nv hnp-\nptmgpw \mw AXn\v kmn-bm-bn-p-v. \ns
\mY\n\nv BIm-i--fntem `qan-bntem D AWpXpey-amb Hcp
hkvXphpw ad-p-\npn. AXn-t\-m sNdptXm heptXm
Bb Hpw Xs Hcp hyamb {K-n tcJ-s-Sp-msXbpan.
bq\pkv: 53 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. lqZv: 5 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Adn-ncn-p-I, \nbw Ah XfpsS s\p-I-fn Am-lp-hn \nv adpshm
Icp-Xp-Xv Ah Adn-bp-p-v. Adn-n-cn-p-I, Ah Ah-cpsS hkv{XwsImv
aqSp-tmgpw AX-gn-p-tm-gp-ap Ah Amlp Adnbp-p-v. Ah cl-kyam-p Hpw Ah ]c-ky-am-p Hpw Ah Adn-bp-p. \nbw Ah
s\p-I-fpsS Ah Adn-bp--h Xs-btm.
{]Xn-I-cn-p-sImv Jp-B HmXp--Xn-\mWv "Xnem-hv' Fp-]-d-bp--Xv.
_Jd: 44s hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mp-I. Atm Bi-bw s\p-If
- ntev F-m
Ahbn Jp-B HmX-cp-sX-mWv \_n ]Tn-n-n-p--Xv. HmXnbm ]nimNv
Ahs\ hnn\nv AvsX-dn-p thK-n Zo\n\nv sXdnnp--Xpw,
HmXnb Jp-B Ah-s\-Xn-cm-bnv kmywhln-p-Ibpw hmZn-p-Ibpw sNp-Xp-am-Wv. ]nimNv Jp-B\ns Bm-hmb Bi-b-n \nmWv XS-bp-I. JpB-\ns icocw Xnp--hs\B-i-b-a-dn-bmsX HmXp--h-s\ "^mPn' FmWv
\_n hnfn--Xv. Ah-\mWv P\--fn Ghpw ZpjvS-s\pw \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v.
^mPn-dns _lp-h-N-\-amWv "^pm'. \nbw "^pm' \c-I-n-em-sWv
C^n-Xzm: 14epw A, \nbw ^pm-dns ]nI kno-\n-em-sWv apXz^v^nô: 7epw ]d-npv. A_k: 40-42 At-Zn\w NneapJ- s]mSn]p-c-Xpw Idpm\X _m[n--h-cp-am-bn-cnpw. Ah- Im^n-dp-Ifpw ^mPn-dpIfpamWv Fv ]d-n-p-v. Fs \mYm, Jp-B-\ns\ aqSn-sh-p Im^n-dp-Ifn \np Hcm-sfbpw \o _mn-b-m-msX \in-n-t-Wta, \nbw \o Ahsc
Hgn-hm-p-I-bm-sW-n \ns ASn-a-Isf Ah hgn-]n-g-n-p-I-bpw ^mPn-dp-I-sfbpw
Ip^v^m-dp-I-sf-bp-a-msX {]k-hn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv Fv Am-lphns \ntZ-i-{]-Imcw \qlv \_n {]mn--Xmbn \qlv: 26-27 kq-fn ]dn-p-v. A^m: 33 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Amlp
kmyw-h-ln-m Hc-h--bp-an F \b-n Ftmgpw Fhn-sSbpw Am-
bq\pkvv (10)
279
lp-hns\ kvacn-p-sImv \ne-sIm-p--h-cmWv hnizm-kn-I. _Jd: 255, Ben-Cwdm: 5, amCZ: 8, Xu_: 23-24, 51 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
62.
Adn-n-cn-p-hn, \nbw Am-lp-hns an{X--Ah-cp-sS-ta

`b-s-Sm\pw Ahv ZpxJnm\pw CS-h-cn-I-bn.
63.
hnizm-kn-Ifpw Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqnp \ne-sIm-p-h-cp-am-bhv.
64. Ahv Cl-nepw ]c-nepw ku`mKyw Xs. Am-lp-hns hN\-v bmsXmcp am-hp-an-. AXv -am-{X-amWv al-mb hnP-bw.
kpa: 33, GsXm-cp-h-\mtWm knZvJvk-Xywhp-In-p-Ibpw AXns\ kXys-Spp-Ibpw sNbvXX
- v, Aq- Xs-bm-Ipp ap-Jo-sfpw, 34, Ahv
X-fpsS \mYs ] Ah--cp-t-in---sX-m-ap-v, A{]-Im-c-amWv \mw Amlp-hns\ Ip-sImp Ncn-p kpIr-Xh
- mamv {]Xn-êw sImSp-p-I Fpw,
35, Ah {]hnncp Xn-I ambvp-I-f-bp--Xn\pw, Ah Cl-n
{]hn-p-sIm-n-cp Ghpw \ {]hr-n- t\mn {]Xn-êw sImSp-p--Xpam-Wv Fpw ]d-n-p-v. Ghpw \- {]-hrn Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-pIbpw ]Tn-n-p-I-bp-am-Wv, F-msX Ben-Cw-dm: 10- hni-Zo-I-cn Im^n-dpIsftmse Jp-B-\ns ico-chpw Ahpw ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXv
AXn Duw sImpIbpw AXp-hgn \c-I-ns hnd-ImbnocpIbpa. _Jd:
24 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. _Jd: 186 {]m-\-p-cw e`n-p--Xn\v cv
D-]m-[n-I ]d--Xn Hv, Amlp-hns hnfnv Ah Dcw \Is Fpw
cmatXv Am- l p- h n hniz- k n- t - - h n[w hniz- k n- p- I bpw sNs
FpamWv. AYhm Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n Ah-c-hsc Xncn--dn-bp-I-bpw, Amlp-hns\ Xncn--dn-bp-I-bpw, Pohn-X-eyw Xncn--dn-bp-Ibpw, Jp-B\ns hn[n-hne-p-I ]n]-p-I-bp-amWv {]m-\-I kzoI-cn-m-\pw I- kzoI-cn-m\pw Am-lp-hns an{X--fm-Im-\pw, kzK-n Am-lp-hn-t\m-sSm-w, {]hm-N-It\m-sSm-w, kXy-k-am-tcm-sSm-w, ckmn-I-tfm-sSmw, k-\--tfm-sSmw Hcp-anptNcm-\pap GIamKw. \nbambnpw kqv-aX ]men--h kzKq-tm-p-I-fnepw Acp-hn-I-fn-ep-am-sWpw Ah k-i--\mb cmP-m[n-cm-Ps
] "kznZvJm-Ip' Ccn-n-S-n Ccn-p--Xpam-bn-cnp-sav Ja: 54-55
]d-npv. _Jd: 38, 257, An-km-Av: 69 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
Am-lp-hns hN-\-v aman Fp-]-d-m, {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb
Am-lp-hns hN-\-amb Jp-B\ns {]h-N-\- bmsXmcp am-hp-an-msX \Sn hcp-sa-m-Wv. AAvdm^v: 52-53 , A^m: 31, Xu_: 111112 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
65.
Ah-cpsS hmp-I \ns ZpxJnn-t-Xp-an-, \nbw {]Xm]w
280
JpB\ns Bmhv
apgp-h\pw Am-lp-hn\mIp-p.
m\n-b-tm.
Ah Fmw tIp k-
bmko: 76, Atm Ah-cpsS hmp-I \ns ZpxJnn-t-Xn,

\nbw Ah cl-ky-am-p Fm Hpw ]c-ky-am-p Fm Hpw \mw Adnbp-h
- Xs-bm-Wv Fv ]-d
n-p-v. kpa: 3637, Amlp am{Xw t]msctbm
Ahs ASn-av, Ah \ns Ahs\ IqSm-sX-bp--hscsmv `b-s-Sp-pp-h-tm. Bsc-bmtWm Amlp hgn-tI-Sn-em-n-b-Xv, Atm Ahs\ kamKn-em-p Bcp-an-. Bsc-bmtWm Amlp kamK-n-em-n-b-Xv, Atm
Ahs\ hgn-tI-Sn-em-p Hcm-fp-an-. Amlp k-{]-Xm-]nbpw {]Xn-Imcw sNp-h-\pw Xs-b-s-tbm Fv ]-d-n-p-v. ap\m-^n-Jq: 8, Am-lp-hn\pw
Ahs {]hm-N-I\pw hnizm-kn-Ip-amWv {]Xm-]-ap--Xv, ]t I]-S-hn-izm-knI AX-dn-bp--h-c- Fp-]-d-bp-p. Ccw kq--fn-eq-sSsbmw Jp-Bs\
Xnd-bp [nm-cn-I-fmb \ntj[nI-fpsS Btcm-]-Wssmpw hnai-\ssmp-samw Amlp {]hmN-I-s\bpw hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw kam-[m-\n-n-p-IbmWv. Am-lphpw {]hm-N-I\pw hnizm-kn-Ifpw AS-n-b-XmWv Am-lp-hns
kwL-sa-pw, Cl-nepw ]c-nepw Ah Xs-bmWv AXn-P-bn-p-I-sbpw
amCZ: 56 ]d-n-p-v. Fm Hmtcm Bbn-cnepw sXmm-bn-c-n-sXm-qsm-Xpw ]nim-Nns kwL-am-sW-pw, ]nim-Nn\v X-fpsS \mY-\n `c-ta]n
hnizm-kn-I-fp-sS-ta bmsXmcp kzm[o-\-hp-anspw Alv: 99 ]d-n-pv. An-km-Av: 118, 138139, A-Bw: 82, Xu_: 129 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
66. Adn- b p- I , \nbw BIm- i - - f n- e p- f f Fmhcpw `qan- b n- e p
Fmhcpw Am-lp-hn\p--Xm-Ip-p. Amlp-hns\qSmsX Ahs
]m-fn-Isf hnfnp {]mn-p--h GsXm-n-s\-bmtWm ]n]-pXv Ah \nbw DulsbmsX ]n]-pn. \nbw Ah
\nK-a-\-fmsX shp-]p-ep--h-cp-a-.
Am- l p- h ns A[n- I m- c m- h - I m- i - - f n ]p- t Np- - h v AXn\p
bmsXmcp sXfnhpw lmP-cm-m-\n-. Ah Dul--sfbpw A\p-am-\--sfbpw
]n]n ]nim-Nns amK-n Ncn-p--h-cm-Wv. BIm-i-`q-an-I-f-S-p {]]-sbpw Ah-bn-ep--h-sbbpw Cm-bva-bn\nv krjvSnpIbpw AXns \nb{Ww Gs-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvX Am-lp-hn\v ]m-fn-Itfm CS-bm-famtcm ip]mimtcm Hpw Xs Bh-iy-an-m--hw Ah kzbw ]cym-]v-X\pw sFiz-cy-hm\p-am-Wv. Atm ]ns Am-lp-hn\v ]m-fn-Isf krjvSn-p--h-scmw ]nimNn-\p-thn Pohn-p ]nim-Nns kwL-am-Wv. Am-lp-hns GI-kw-L-a-m
apkvenwIn-S-bn-ep hnhn[ kwL-S-\-I-sfmw Xs apivcnp-Ifpw ]nim-Nns
kwL-hp-am-Wv. Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsX amsc hnfnv {]mn-p-I-bm-sW-nepw
Ah ]nim-Nn-s\-b-msX hnfn-p-{]m-n-p-n-sv An-km-Av: 116 s hniZoIcW-n hmbn-p-I. A-Bw: 116, bq\p-kv: 3536 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
bq\pkvv (10)
281
BIm- i - - f n- e p- f f Fmhcpw `qan- b n- e p Fmhcpw, Ah Am- l phns\qSmsX Ahs ]m-fn-Ifmbn hnfnp {]mn-p--hcpw]n-im-NpssS Am-lp-hn-\p-h
- XsbmIpp Fpw Cu kqn\v Bi-ba
- pv. AI_qv: 42-, \nbw Am-lp, Ah-s\-q-SmsX GsXmcp hkvXp-hn-s\- hnfnv
Ah {]mn-p-ptm AXv Adn-bp--h Xs-bm-Wv. Ah AP-\pw
bp-n\pw Xsbtm Fp]d-n-p-v. Npcp--n Amlp, Ahs
krn-I Ahs\ hnfnv {]mn-p--XmWv\-n {]I-S-\-ns amKw Cs-Sp-Xv AmsX Ahs krn-Isf hnfnv {]mn-pXv\n- tI-Sns
amKw C-s-Sp-n-. Fm \n -{]-I-S-\-ns amKw kzoI-cn-m Amlp
\n_-n-p-n-. cm-semcp amKw kzoI-cn-m a\p-jy\v kzmX{yw \Inbn-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. amCZ: 48, ABw: 106-107, bq\pkv: 3, 28-30 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
67.
Ah Xs-bmWv \nv cm{Xnsb \n-fX

- n imn-t\-SpXn\pthn kwhn[m-\n-n-p--Xv. ]I-ens\ Ah Dm-gvN-Zm-b-I-ampIbpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. \nbw AXn {in-ptIp P\n\v [mcmfw ]mT--fp-v.
cmhpw ]Iepw amdn-h-cp Cu ùXnI {]Xn-`m-k-sp-dnv Btem-Nnv

CsXmw krjvSnp kwhn-[m-\n GI {km-hns\ Is-m\pw, Pohn-X-eyw
a\-n-emm\pw thn-bmWv JpB Ccw Imcy--sfmw hni-Zo-I-cn-p-Xv. Ben-Cw-dm: 190-192, Xu_: 37-38 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
68. Ah ]d-bp-p: Amlp Hcp km-\s sXsc-s-Sp-n-cn-pp
FvAh AXo-h- ]-cn-ip-, Ah kzbw ]cym-]vX-\m-Ip-p.
BIm-i--fnepw `qan-bn-ep-ap Fm Hpw Ah-\p--Xm-Ip-pCu
hmZ-n\p \n-fpsS ] h {]am-W-hp-aptm? AtXm Amlp-hns\pdnv \nv Adnhnm-Xv ]d-bp-I-bmtWm?
bq\pkv: 18 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. "kp_vlm-\mlv' F- B-cy-h-N\w
Nne-tm ApXw Ipdn-p--Xn\pw ap-Nn-e-tm Amlp Fm \yq\-X-Ifn\npw ]cn-ip--\m-sW bYm Aw Dt-inpw {]tbm-Kn-mdpv.
ChnsS Cu hmv c--sfbpw kqNn-n-p-p-v. P\--fpsS {]kvXpX
hmZ-n ApXw {]I-Sn-n-p-Ibpw Ahv adp-]-Sn-bmbn \yq\-X-I-fn\nv
]cn-ip--\mb Am-lp-hn\v ]p{X-\p-sv Btcm-]n-p-Xv bmsXmcp \nepw
kXy-am-hp-I-bn-sv hy-am-p-Ibpw sNp-p. \nfpsS ] h {]am-Whp-aptm Fv tNmZn--Xv thZ-{K--n \np h sXfn-hp-aptm Fm-Wv.
_Jd: 116-117, An-kmAv: 174-175, A-Bw: 100, AAvdm^v: 28, Xu_: 30-31 hniZo-I-cWw t\mpI.
69.
]d-bp-I: \nbw Am-lp-hn-s-ta Iw sIn--ap ]d-bp--
282
JpB\ns Bmhv
hcmtcm Ahv Hcn-epw hnPbw hcn-m km[n-p--X.
ABw: 1, 21, AAvdm^v: 37, bq\p-kv: 17 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
70.
Ah sFlnI hn`-h- BkzZns, ]ns \n-te-mWv Ahcp-sS-sbmw aSw. ]ns \mw Ahsc Jp-B aqSn-sh-p-sIm-ncp--Xn-\m AXn-I-Tn-\-amb in cpNn-npI Xs sNpw.
Pohn-Xe
- yw Ah-ch
- sc Xncn-d
- n-bepw Am-lp-hns\ Is-e
- p-am-Wv. Xm\Sw Fm-n-sbpw DSabmbn Am-lp-hns\ AwKo-I-cn-p-sImv ChnsS Ahs
{]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn Ah-\p-thn am{Xw Po-hn--em-Wv AXv. Jp-B Cd-n-bn-pXv Cu Am-lp-hns\ ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-m thnbmWv. Jp-B Inn-bnv Cu
eyw ]qn-bm-m--h tamw {]m]n-p-I-bn Xs. Ah Jp-B aqSnsh-Xv Imc-W-m kzw hgn-tI-Sn-\p inbpw ap--hv kamKw
\ImsX AXv aqSn-sh--Xn-\p inbpw cpNn-t-n-h-cp--Xm-Wv. Ben-Cwdm: 106, 196-197, A-Bw: 2226, AAvdm^v: 185 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
71.
Ahv \qlns kw`-hN

- c
- n{Xw hni-Zo-Ic
- np tIn-p-I. Atlw
Xs P\tmSv ]d k`w: Hm Fs P\-ta, Rm \n-fn
hkn-p-X
- pw, \nc-cw Am-lphns kq- tI]np \nsf
A\p-kva-cnn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Xpw \nv kln-m IgnbmXmbn-cn-ppshn, Atm Rm Am-lp-hn `c-ta]n-n-cnpIbm-Wv. \nfpw Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]ptNp \nfpsS ]m-fn-I-fp-samw Hcp-an-p-IqSn Hcp kwbp-Xo-cp-am\w ssIsIm-p-I. \nsf-Spp Xocp-am-\
- n Hcp ]gpXpw
\nv Ahy--am-hm-Xn-cn--s. Fnv F\nsXncn AXv
{]mhn-I-am-p-I, F\nv Hpw Ah-kcw \tI--Xpan-.
Rm Fs {]hr-n-I-fn\nv Hcn-epw ]nam-dp-I-bn-s shp-hn-fnbm-Wn-Xv. \n F\n-s-Xn-cn sNm B{K-ln-p--sXmw sNbvXp-sImpI. F\n-m-{ibw Amlp am{X-amWv. \qlv \_n \S-nb AtX shp-hnfn
Cu kqwhgn apl-Zv \_nbpw \S-n-bn-p-v. Ay-\m hsc-bp hnizm-knIfpw CtXXc-n-ep shp-hnfn-I I]-S-hn-izmknItfmSv \S-tXm-Wv.
AAvdm^v: 194-195, Xu_: 73 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
72.
Atm \n ]nncnbp-I-bm-sW-n Rm \n-tfmSv Hcp {]Xn^-ehpw tNmZn-n-n--tm, Fs {]Xn-^-ew Am-lp-hn--e-msX ashn-sS-bp-a-. Rm k-kzw Ah\v An--h-cn s]-h-\m-bn-cnW-sav In--s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXncn-p-p.
Fm {]hm-N-Iamcpw AXmXv Imes P\--tfmSv CXp Xs-bmWv ]dn-p--Xv. kzmZv: 86-87 kq--fn, Rm CuJpB \nv Fn-pX-
bq\pkvv (10)
283
cp--Xn\v bmsXmcp {]Xn-^-ehpw tNmZn-p-n, Rm ]pd-w]qv ]d-bp--h-\p-a.
CXv k temItcbpw DWm-\p--X-msX asm-p-a Fv ]d-npv.
Jew: 46-, As-n \o Ah-tcmSv Cu Jp-B Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xn\v {]Xnêw tNmZn-p-Ibpw As\ Ah IS-`m-c-m sRcp-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-pXn\memtWm Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n \nv Ah hnc-tm-Sp-Xv Fv
tNmZn-p-p. ap-kn: 49-51 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. ^pJm: 57 apl-Zv \_ntbmSv
]d-bm thn Amlp I]n-p-p: BcmtWm Xs \mY-\n-tev hgn sXscs-Sp-m Dt-in-p-Xv AsXm-gnsI asmcp {]Xn-^-ehpw Rm \n-tfmSv
tNmZn-p-n-. AYhm Hcm hnizm-kn-bmbn kzK-n-tev Fn-s-m AXn\p {]Xn-êw kzK-n-tep Fn-sSm Ahs\ klm-bn-h
- pw Amlp
\Ip--XmWv. An-km-Av: 85 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. `qan-bn-ep kkzw
t\Sp--Xn-t\-m Daw Hcmsf hnizm-kn-bm--em-sWv \_n, AentbmSv ]dbp-I-hgn hnizm-kn-Isf ]Tn-n-n-p-v. temI-p-shv Ghpw IqSp-X XymK-
klnp Jp-Bs\ ChnsS \ne\nnb apl-Zv \_nv Xs-bmWv ]c-temIv krjvSn-Iv e`n-p Ghpw D-Xm\-amb aJm-a al-aqZv-kvXpXn-s m\we`n-p-I. hnizm-kn-I apl-Zv \_np-thn Ftmgpw Amlp-hn-t\mSv {]mn-m IS-s--h-cp-am-Wv. AXmWv \_n-bp-sS-ta kzem-v
sNmp--Xns Bi-bw. Ap-A-dm-Av: 10-9 \qlv \_n-bpw, 127- lqZv \_nbpw, 145- kzmenlv \_n-bpw, 164- eqv \_n-bpw, 180- ipsF_v \_nbpw
Ah-c-h-cpsS P\-X-tbmSv Rm Am-lp-hn-s Cu ktiw Fn-p-X-cp--Xn\v
\n-tfmSv bmsXmcp {]Xn-^-ehpw tNmZn-p-n-, Fs {]Xn-êw k-tem-I-fp-sSbpw DS-abpsS ]-e-m-sXb Fp]-d-Xmbn- ]dnp-v. bmko:
20-21 , ]-W
- ns At-b
- p\nv HmSnh hnizmkn B P\-Xt- bmSv ]dp:
Hm Fs P\-ta, \n {]hm-N-Iamsc ]n]-p-I, Ah \ntfmSv bmsXmcp
{]Xn-^-ehpw tNmZn-p-n-, Ah kamKn-I-fp-am-Wv, Ah-cpsS amKw ]n]pI Fv. {]hm-N-Iam-cpsS Cu amKamWv Jp-B ]n]-p hnizm-kn-I
]np-S-cpI. Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-n-p--Xn\v bmsXmcp {]Xn-^-ehpw hmpI-bn-sv am{X-a-, AXn-\mbn kzw kv sNe-h-gn-p--h-cp-am-Wv Ah.
Fm Am-lp-hn-s\bpw {]hm-N-I-s\bpw Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n aqSnshv
]nim-Nns\ Pohn-n-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw, Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-n-msX
]mcm-b-Whpw Ahpw ]Tn-nv {]Xn-êw hmp--hcpw X-fpsS hb-dp-Ifn XobmWv \nd-p--sXv _Jd: 174 s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ]d-bp-p. \wev:
91 mw kqw Ah-km-\n-p-Xpw "Rm k-kzw Ah\v An--h-cn s]-h\m-bn-cn--W-sap In--s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXncn-p-p' F Bi-b-tm-Sp-IqSn-bm-Wv. AAv-dm^:v 40, Xu_: 67-68, 125 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
73.
Atm At-ls Ah Xn--d-p. At-l-sbpw At-ltm-sSm--ap--hscbpw \mw Ien c-s-Sp-n. Ahsc \mw
`qan-bn {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. \psS kq-sf Xn-d kI-e-tcbpw \mw sh-n apn-sm-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
284
JpB\ns Bmhv
Atm ap-dn-bnv \I-shcpsS ]cy-h-km\w F-s\-bm-bn-cpp-shv t\mnmWpI.
\qlv: 21-28 kq--fn \qlv \_n Am-lp-hn-t\mSv ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv: Fs

\mYm, \nbw Fs P\X Fs [n-cn-n-cn-p-p, GsXm-cp-hs [\hpw
km-\-fpamtWm Ah\v \jvS-a-msX hnnmX,v Ah-sc-bmWv Fs
P\X ]n]-p--Xv. Ah hn KqV-X-{- F\n-s-Xnsc ]b-p-I-bmWv.
Ah P\--tfmSv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp-p, \n \n-fpsS Cem-lp-Isf shSn-bcp-Xv. \n hv, kphm-Av, bKqYv, bDuJv, \kv XpS-n-b-hscsbmpw shSn-bcp-Xv. Ah A[n-I-cn hgn-tI-Sn-em-bn-cn-p-p. Cu A{I-an-Iv hgn-tI-S-msX
hn-n--t. Ah-cpsS Xn-I ImcWw Ahsc Amlp apn-sm-pIbpw
\c-I-n {]-th-in-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Atm Ah Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsX
bmsXmcp klm-bn-I-sfbpw Fn-n-. \qlv {]mn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp: Fs
\mYm, \o `qan-bn \ntj-[n-I-fm-b Ch-cn \nv Hcmsftmepw _mn-sh--t.
\nbw \o Ahsc `qan-bn Pohn-m hnSp-I-bm-sW-n Ah \ns ASn-aIsf hgn-]n-g
- n-p-Ib
- pw, ^mPn-dp-Is
- fbpw Ip-^v^mdpI-sfbpw(I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-Is
- fbpw)
am{Xw P\nnm CS-h-cnIbpw sNpw. Fs \mYm, F\npw Fs amXm-]nXm-pw, Fs hon {]th-in hnizm-kn-Ipw`m-cybpw aI\pw Hgn-sIFm
hnizm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jampw kv{XoIpw \o s]mdppXtc--W-ta. A{I-anIv \jvSa
-
- msX \o hn-n-p-IbpacptX. Xu_: 55, 85 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
hnizm-kn-Iv am{Xta s]mdp--ens\ tXSm ]mSpq Fv Cu kqn \npw a\-n-em-mw. apl--Zv: 19, \ns Ip-n\pw hnizm-kn-I-fmb
]pcp-jam-cp-sSbpw kv{XoI-fp-sSbpw Ip-n\pw s]mdp--ens\ tXSpI Fv ]dn-p-v. Xu_: 73, 113-114 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb A{I-anIpw [nm-cn-Ipw in hn-n-m-\mWv {]mn-t--sXv \qlv:
28 \nv a\-n-em-m-hp--Xm-Wv. Ah amen-\y-am-sWv Xu_: 95epw, Ahv
Jp-B amen-\y-n-\p-ta amen\yamsX hn-n-pIbnsv Xu_: 125epw
]d-n-p-v. Ckvdm-Av: 82, Jp-B A{I-an-Iv \jvS-a-msX hn-n-pI-bn-sv ]d-n-p-v. ABw: 133 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
74.
At-ln\p-tijw \mw [mcmfw {]hm-N-Iamsc Ah-c-h-cpsS P\X-Ifn-tev \ntbmKnp. Ah kphy-amb sXfn-hp-I-tfm-Sp-IqSn

B P\-n-S-bntev hp. ]t Ah BZyta Xn--d-Imcyw ]ns hniz-kn-p--h-cm-bn. AXn-{Ia-Im-c-nIfpsS lrZ-b-fn A{]-Imcw \mw ap{Z-shp-p.
ap\m-^n-Jq: 3, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isfpdnv BZyw A-h hniz-kn-p-Ibpw

]ns \ntj-[n-p-Ibpw sNbvX-XmWv, Atm Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-v \mw ap{Zsh-p. C\n Ah ey-t_m[w {Kln-p-I-bn- Fv ]-d-n-p-v. krjvSn-I-fmsW ]cn[n ewLn-p-sImv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I {km-hns hN-\s kzoI-cn-
bq\pkvv (10)
285
p-n Fp-am-{Xa AXns\ sISp-n--f-bm k-I-gn-hp-Ifpw D]-tbm-K-sSp-p-Ibpw sNp- AXn-{I-a-Im-cn-I-fmWv. Amlp sImp-I-f Ah-cpsS
lrZ-b-v Jp-B a\-n-em-Im-Xn-cn----hw aqSn-bn-n-cppp Fv
ABw: 2526 s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I. CkvdmAv: 17, ^pJm: 3738
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Xu_: 32-33, bq\p-kv: 2, 33 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
75.
]ns Ahsmw tijw \mw aqkm-sbbpw lmdq-Wns\bpw \psS

ZrjvSm---fp-ambn ^n-Hu-sbpw Ahs {]`rXn-Ifp-sSbpw ASp-tev \ntbm-Kn-p. Atm Ah Al--cn-p, Ah {`mamcmb Hcp P\X Xs-bm-bn-cp-p.
a\-m--hm-Nm--IWm {km-hns apn XeIp\n-p--Xn\v ]Icw Almcw \Sn-p-IbmWv Ah sNbvXncp--Xv. A-Bw: 42-45, AAvdm^v: 146-147,
Xu_: 66, bq\pkv: 17 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
76.
\psS ] \np kXyw Ah-cpsS apn htm Ah

]d-p: \nbw CsXmcp sXfn amcWw Xs-bm-Wv.
kXyhpw sImp-h Fm \_n-am-scbpw AXmXv P\-X- sXfn amc-Wm B-`n-Nm-c-Iam Fp-]-d-n-cp-p. Fm ChnsS Ah sImp-h
kXy-t-bmWv hy-amb amcWw Fp-]-d-n-p--Xv. bq\p-kv: 2 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
77.
aqkm tNmZn- p: kXyw \n- f psS Iapn h- t m CXv

amcWamsWmtWm AXns\pdn-v \n ]d-bp-X
- v- Fm amcW-m Hcn-epw hnPbw hcn-p-Ibn Xs.
"-apAvPnkv' Zn-hym-pXwA-mlp {]hm-N-Iam-cn-eqsS {]I-Sn-n-p-XmWv. ABw: 37 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. AXv {]I-S-am-p-Xv Am-lp-hns\
]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p--Xn\pthn am{X-amWv. Fm amcW-amhs _Jd: 102
hni-Zo-I-cn-Xv t]mse ]nim-Nn \np--Xm-Wv. sXpw icnbpw Xncn--dn-bm D]bp--amb Jp-B-\ns Bibw Dc-mbn D]tbmKsSp-tn-bn-cp Hcp
P\X, ]s Am-lp-hns amKhpw ]nim-Nns amKhpw thXn-cn--dn-bmsX
ey-t_m[w \jvSsv {]m-iq-\y-cmbn hnl-cn-p--Xm-Wv. AAv-dm^v: 175176, 179 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Hcp {]hm-N-I\pw Amlp-hns thpI IqSmsX Hcp apAvPnkv -Zr-jvSmw sImp-hcm km[n-p-I-bn-sv C_vdm-low: 11, Ad-AvZv: 38, apAvan: 78
kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. Cv temI-P-\-X-bnshv Ghpw IqSp-X A-hnizm-k--fnepw amc-Ww, a{w XpS-nb ss]im-Nn-I-amb {]hrn-I-fnepw apgp-Inbn-cn-p-Xv Bibw Adn-bmsX Igp-X-I-sf-tmse Jp-B hln-p apkvenwIfm-sWv Jp-B DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iambn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-bm a\-n-em-Ipw.
286
JpB\ns Bmhv
Cu P\X apgp-h-\pw sXmSnIfmbn A[x]Xn-p-tm-gmWv temIw Ah-km-\npI FXpw Ncn-{X-ns `mKw Xs-bm-Wv. An-km-Av: 51-52, A-Bw: 109110, AAvdm^v: 113-114, A^m: 33 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
78.
Ah ]d-p: \n cp-t]cpw hn-p--Xv, GsXmcp amK-n

R-fpsS ]q-]n-Xm-sf R In-p-tm B amK-n \nv
Rsf hyXn-N-en-n-p--Xn-\pw, `qan-bn \n Ccp-hcpsSbpw
tIaw m]n-p--Xn\pw thn-bmtWm? Fm R \nfn Hcn-epw hniz-kn-p--h-c Xs.
AAvdm^v: 132 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. aqkm \_n-bp-sSbpw lmdq \_nbp-sSbpw ZuXyw samw a\p-jycntem-bn-cp-p. AmsX CkvdmCu k-XnIv am{X-am-bn-cp-n-. AXp sIm-mWv Ah-cpsS {]t_m-[\w CuPn-]vXn
{]N-cn-p-sapw CuPn-]vn-s Pohn-X-hy-h Xs An-a-dn--sSpsa-pw ^nHu {]`r-Xn-I `b-s-n-cpXv. aqkm\_n CuPn-]vXp-Imsc bYm {km-hn
tev WnpsIm-ncpp. AXv ^nHu\pw Ahs {]am-Wn-ampw FXn-cmbn- `-hn-p-sav -Ah a\-n-em-n. "`qanbn \n Ccp-hcpsSbpw tIaw
m]n-p--Xn\v thn-bmtWm \n-fpsS {iaw' F Ah-cpsS tNmZy-n
\ngenp-Xv AXmWv. apAvan: 26, -^n-Hu ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp: Fs
hnSp-I, Rm aqkmsb sIm-s, Ah Ahs \mYs\ klm-b-n\v hnfnv
{]mn--s. \nbw Ah \n-fpsS Zo\ns\ amn-a-dn-p-sav Rm `b-s-Sp
p, As-n `qanbn \miw {]Xy--s-Sp-sapw Rm `b-s-Sp-p. apAvan:
25-30 Iqn-hm-bnp-I. AAvdm^v: 174 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
79.
^n-Hu ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp: Fs ASp-tv \n Fm \n]pWam-cmb amcWm-scbpw sImp-h-cn-I.
80. As\ amc-W-m h-tm aqkm Ah-tcmSv ]d-p: \nv

Fdn-bm-\p-Xv \n Fdn-bp-I.
Jp-B Hcp-Im-cyhpw hgnphgn ]d-n-n-. AAvdm^v: 115116 , amc-Wm aqkm-tbmSp tNmZn-p-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. Hm aqkm, BZyw \o Fdn-bp-p-thm,
AtXm R Fdn-bp-hcm-I-Wtam? aqkm ]d-p: \n Fdn-bp-I, As\
Ah Fdn--tm P\--fpsS Ip-I IsI-n\v hnt[-b-am-hp-Ibpw Ah
Dn-s-bp-n `b-s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah Hcp hn amcWw Xs-bmWv
sImp-h--Xv.
81.
As\ Ah Fdn--tm aqkm ]d-p: \n sImp-h-Xv

amcW-a-msXb-. \nbw Amlp AXns\ anYy-bm-p-I\njvê-am-p-I Xs sNpw. \nbw Amlp \mi-Im-cn-If
- psS {]h\s \m-n-op-I-bn Xs.
bq\pkvv (10)
287
Xzmlm: 6568 , amc-Wm aqkm-tbmSp tNmZn-p: Hm aqkm \o Fdn-bppthm AtXm R BZyw Fdn-bp--h-cm-I-Wtam? aqkm ]d-p: \n Fdnbp-I. As\ Ah-cpsS Ib-dpIfpw hSn-Ifpw Ah-cpsS amcWw aptJ\ Cgbp
]mp-I-fmbn aqkm-bn-tep ASp-p--Xmbn tXmn. Atm aqkm Xsbpn `b-s-Sp-I-bp-m-bn. \mw I]n-p: `b-s-S-cpXv, \nbw \o Xs-bmWv
Ah-tc-m DX. Ap-A-dm-Av: 44-48 , Ah Ah-cpsS Ib-dp-Ifpw hSn-Ifpw
Fdn--tm Ah ]dp: ^n-Hus {]Xm-]-amWv kXyw, \nbw R
AXn-P-bn-pI Xs sNpw. Amlphns \nt-i-{]-Imcw aqkm Xs hSn
Xmsgbnp. AtmgXm Ah-cp-m-n-b-Xn-s\-sbmw AXv hngp-n--fbpI-bm-bn.
AXp-Iv amc-W-m Dt{]-c-W-bm kmmw-Kw hoWp. Ah {]Jym-]n-pIbpw sNbvXp: R k-tem-I--fp-sSbpw \mY-\n hniz-kn-p, aqkm-bp-sSbpw
lmdq-Wn-sbpw \mY-\n. AAv-dm^v: 142, 170 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
82.
Amlp Xs hN-\--fn-eqsS kXys kXy-ambn ImWn-pp{`mamv AsX{X shdp-p Imcy-am-sW-nepw icn.
kXyw Jp-B-\m-Wv. AXv Am-lp-hns hN-\-am-Wv. AXns {]h-N-\-

bmsXmcp am-hp-an-msX ]pe-cpI Xs sNpw. AXv `qansb \in-n-m ]pds-n-cn-p \mi-Im-cn-Ipw Pohn-X-eyw Hman-m {`mampw F{X
AtcmN-I-am-bn-cp-mepw icn. Jp-B\ns Bibw Adn-nv AXns\ aqSn-shv
asmcp hgnv P\-sf \bn-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw ^pkzn-e-v: 26-28 ]d
Im^n-dp-Ifpw Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-msX Jp-B\ns icocw
Xnp-sImv hnn\nv Ap-sX-dnp t]mIp--Xp-t]mse Zo\n\nv sXdn-pt]m-Ip ^mPn-dp-Ifpw^pkzn-e-v: 29 ]d Im^n-dp-I IqSn-b-hcmWv
{`mam-scv ABw: 55, bq\p-kv: 17 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ImWp-I.
_Jd: 147-148, AAvdm^v: 103120, A^m: 78 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
83.
Atm aqkm-bn Xs P\-Xb

- nse GXm\pw bphm-f
-
- msX Bcpw
hniz-kn-n--^n-Hus\ t]Sn-pw, ^n-Hus\ `b-s Ah-cpsS kapZmb apJyam Ahsc t{Zmlnp-sav t]Snpw. \nbw ^nHu `qan-bnsemcp AXyp-X Xs-bm-bn-cp-p. \nbw Ah
AXn-cp-I-hn-bp-h-cpsS Iq-n s]-h Xs-bm-bn-cp-p.
Am-lp-hns henb henb ZrjvSm-- ^n-Hus\ ImWn--tm

AXns\ Xn--dv Ah [ncnp. ]ns Ah ]pdwXncn-p-t]m-bn P\q-s hnfnpIqn {]Jym-]n-pIbpw sNbvXp: Rm\mWv AXyp--X-\mb \mY
Am-kn-B-v: 20-24 t\mp-I. Ap-Jm: 3032, \nbw \mw Ckvdm-Cu
k-Xn-Isf ^n-Hu-\ns AXn-\n-y-amb in-bn\nv c-s-SppI Xs
sNbvXn-pv. \nbw Ah Hcp AXyp--X\pw \mi-Im-cn-I-fn s]-h\pw Xsbm bn-cp-p. "AXn-cp-I-hn-bp--h' Fp-]-d-m krjvSn-sb ]cn-[n -ew-Ln-h Fm-Wv. kzbw dm-sWv hmZn ^n-Hu Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-Isf ]qW-
288
JpB\ns Bmhv
ambpw HXp-p-X
- n\pthn Ah-cpsS Bk-m-\
- sf h[n-m hopw I]n-Xmbn AAv-dm^v: 127 s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I. hnNm-c-W-bn-msX \cI-n t]mIp ^n-Hu-s\-tm-se-bp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS kz`m-hhpw CXpX-s-bm-sWv _Jd: 204-206 s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-pI. Jp-B\ns
Bi-bs XS-bp-Ihgn `qan-bn csmcnnepw hKo-b-Xbpw Acm-P-I-Xzhpw
krjvSn-p--Xn-\-pth-n I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I- Fm Ignhp-Ifpw {]tbm-Kn-p--XmWv. An-km-Av: 91, 140-145, A^m: 36, 49-55, Xu_: 67, 73 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
Kplm-hm-kn-I-fmb Ggv bphm- Ah-cpsS P\-Xv apgp-h FXn-cmbn
hnizmkw {]Jym-]n-p-sImv Dd-p-\n--tm Amlp Kpl-bn apqdn-e-[nIw
hj Dd-n-n-S-n Ahsc kwc-n- Imcyw kqd: Ilv^n hnh-cn-n-pv.
k-{k-m-hns\ B{ibnm am-scbpw `b-s-tS--Xn-, Fhn-sSbpw Hcm]pw
Ah\v hcn-I-bp-an-. Ah klm-bn-m am-cp-sSbpw klm-b-ns Bh-iy-an, Ah ssIsh-Sn-m amcv klm-bn-mepw c-bp-m-hp-I-bpan. Fm-Imepw kzX{ Nn-bp bphm- am{X-amWv kXy-a-h-ew-_n-m Xm-dmbn
aptmv hn-p--Xv. ako-lpm-ens ]-ep \c-IsbmWv hnizm-kn-I
kzoI-cnt-sX-pw, B \c-Iw, C_vdm-lo-an\v XoIpWvTw XWppw kam-[m-\hpw
Bb-Xp-t]m-se Ahv XWppw kam-[m-\-hp-ap--Xm-hp-Xn\v thn kqd:
Ilv^ns BZy-`mKw Xnem-hv sNWsa-pw \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Kplm-hmkn-I-fmb bphm--fpsS hnizm-k-ZmVyX ssIh-cp--Xn\v thn-bm-WXv.
84.
aqkm ]d-p: Hm Fs P\-ta, \n bYm-n Am-lphns\smv hniz-kn-p-hcmsWn Atm Ah-\n `cta]n-p-I\n kkzw Ah\v kanhcmsW-n.
hnizm-kn-I BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep--sXmw Am-lp-hns A[o-\-n-ep-Xm-sW-pw, `qan-bnsemcp Poh-Pm-ehpw AXns ISn-m Ahs \nb-{-Wn-embn-msX Cspw hniz-kn-p-h-cm-Wv Fn-cn-s, hnizm-kn-I Ahscbpw Ah-cpsS Fm-Im-cy--sfbpw X-fpsS DS-abn `c-ta]n-p--Xm-Wv.
Xn-I-sfmw ]nim-Nn \np--Xm-Wv. X-fpsS \mY-\n FmImcyfpw `ctan-n-p hnizm-kn-I-fp-sS-ta ]nim-Nn\v bmsXmcp kzm[o-\-hp-w A[n-Im-chpansv Alv: 99 ]d--np-v. AAvdm^v: 27, Ben-Cw-dm: 102, An-km-Av:
78-79, bq\pkv: 71 hniZo-I-cWw t\m-pI.
85.
Ah ]dp: R Am-lp-hn am{XamWv `c-ta]n-np-Xv.

R-fpsS \mYm, Rsf \o A{I-an-I-fmb HcpP\-n\v ]co--Wam-m-Xn-cn-tWta.
86.
\ns Imcp- W y- w sImv Rsf kXy- \ n- t j- [ n- I fmb Hcp

P\Xbn\nv csSppIbpw sNtWta.
bq\pkvv (10)
289
Jp-B Inn-bnv AXp-sImv hn[n-I]n-m--h Xs-bmWv kXy\ntj[n-Ifpw A{I-an-Ifpw [nm-cn-Ifpsav bYm-{Iaw amCZ: 44, 45, 47 kq--fn ]dn-p-v. Amlp \Inb Fm A\p-{K-l-fpw ac-W-n\papv ChnsS sNeh-gnv kzKw t\S-emWv Pohn-X-e-y-sav Jp-B-\neqsS Adn-bn-nv AX-\p-kcnv {]hn-m--h Xs-bmWv kXy-\n-tj-[n-Ifpw B{I-an-I-fp-sav _Jd:
254 ]d-n-p-v. Atm aqkm \_n-bn hniz-kn B bphm- {]mn
Cu {]m\ Jp-B\ns Bi-b-amWv k-{]-[m\sav AI-_q-v: 45
]d-Xv a\-n-em-nb hnizm-knI Ftmgpw, {]tXy-Inv \a-kvIm-c
- f
- n Aln-m-n-\p-tijw {]mn-t--Xm-Wv. kq-n ]d "ImcpWyw sImv
FXpsImv Dt-in-p--Xv "Jp-B-\n-s Bibw sImv' FmWv. Kplmhmkn-I-fmb bphm- {]mnXmbn Ilv^v: 10 ]Tn-n {]m-\bpw Ftmgpw
hnizm-kn-I {]mn-p-sIm-n-cn--Ww. _Jd: 152, Ben-Cw-dm: 810, amCZ: 48
hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
87.
aqkmpw At-l
- ns ktlm-Zc
- \pw \mw Znhy-ktiw \Ip-Ibpw
sNbvXp. \n cp-t]cpw \n-fpsS P\-Xv thn ankvdn
Nne -ho-Sp-I Hcp-pI. B hoSp-Isf Jn_vebmbn \n-bnp \akvImcw \ne-\np-I. hnizm-kn-Isf ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-pIbpw sNp-I.
hoSv tI{o-I-cnv \a-kvImcw \ne-\nm-\mWv aqkm \_n-tbmSpw ktlm-Zc-t\mSpw Amlp I]n-p--Xv. a-bn \_nbpw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw hoSv tI{oI-cnp Xs-bm-bn-cpp \a-kvImcw \ne-\nn-bn-cp--Xv. lnPvdx cmw hjw
aZo-\-bn am{X-amWv Pam-Av \a-kvIm-c-fpw Ppap-A-x bpsamw Bcw-`n--Xv.
l-p hnZm-C ]qn-bm-nb Ckvemw {ItaW ]ncn-bp-SpXpSn. Cv
hnizmknIfpsS kwL-an. apkvenwI hnhn[ kwL-S-\-I-fmbn ]ncnp apivcnpI-fmbnon-cn-pIbpw Hmtcm Inbpw X-fpsS ]-ep-Xn BmZw
sImp-IbpamWv. _Jd: 176 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. hnizm-kn-Iv An-kmAv: 103 {]Imcw \a-kvImcw kabw \n-bn--s \n_- _m-[y-X-bm-b-Xn\m Cv Ah hoSv tI{o-I-cnv Htm Jp-B ]n]-p IpSpw-_mw-K-tfm-sSm-tam \a-kvI-cn-p-IbmWv th-Xv. ^pJm: 74 {]Imcw Am-lp-hns\
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mbn AwKo-Icn--h {]mn-p-Xv "R-sfbpw R-fpsS CWI-sfbpw km-\--sfbpw Jp-B\ns Bibw ]n]-p--hv Cam-ap-I-fmWwap-n \S-p--h-cm--Ww' Fm-Wv. Atm Jp-B aqSn-sh-p
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS ]nntem Jp-B Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-m ^mPn-I-dpI-v Cam-ambntm -Ahv \a-kvI-cn-m ]mSn-.
hnizm-kn-Iv Ah-km-\-Im-ev hoSv tI{o-I-cnv \a-kvI-cn-t Ah
hcp-sav \_n ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p--XmWv. {]hm-N-I ]dp: ASp-p-Xs
P\-smcp Imewhcpw, Av Ckveman\nv AXns t]cpw Jp-B\
- n\nv
290
JpB\ns Bmhv
AXns en]nbpamsX Hpw tijn-pI-bn. Ah-cpsS ]n-I P\-\n_n-Vhpw

henb ku[--fp-am-bn-cn-pw. AXv kamKssmv XSbpXpambn-cnpw
AYhm AhnsS Jp-B\
- ns Bi-bap-m-bn-cn-p-Ib
- n-. Ah-cpsS ]WvUn-Xam
BIm-i-n\p Xmsg-bp Poh-Pm-e--fn shv Ghpw \oN-amcm-bn-cn-pw. Ahcn \nv \miw D-hn-p-Ibpw, AXv Ahcntev Xs aSp-Ibpw sN-pw.
Jp-B-\m-Ip Am-lp-hns ]miw apdpsI]nSnp Hcp kwL-am-I-W-sa-pw `nn-cp-sX-p-amWv hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Be-n-Cw-dm: 103 Bm-]n-n-p--Xv. amCZ:
-lpssZ^p bam\n ]d-bp-p: BfpI Ftmgpw \_n-tbmSv tNmZn-n-cpXv \sbpdn-mWv, Rm tNmZn-n-cp-Xv Xnsbpdn-pw. AsXs _m[nt-ptam F Bi--bm-em-W-Xv. Rm tNmZn-p: Am-lp-hns ZqX-tc, R
A-X-bnepw Xn-bnepw Ign-p-Iq-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-p. Atm-gmWv Amlp Cu
\--CkvemwR-v \In-b-Xv. Cu \-p-ti-jw h Xnbpw hcptam?
\_n]d-p: AsX, hcpw. Rm tNmZn-p: B Xn-p-tijw h \bpw hcptam?
\_n]d-p: AsX, A]w Iep-m-Ipw. Rm tNmZn-p: Fmhpw AXnse
Iev? \_n]d-p: Hcp P\-X -hcpw, Ah Fs-X-m Ncy ssIsImpw,
Ft-X-m amKw ]np-S-cpw, Ah-cn \n\v kzoI-cn-m-hp--Xpw Hgn-hm--tXpw Dm-Ipw. Rm tNmZn-p: B \-p-tijw ]ns h Xnbpw hcptam?
\_n]d-p: AsX, \c-I-I-hm-S-nse {]Nm-c-Iam, AXn-te-p Ah-cpsS
Ww kzoI-cn-p-hsc AXn-tev Xn-hn-Spw. Rm tNmZn-p: Am-lp-hns
ZqXtc, Ahsc kw_-nv Rv hnh-cn-p-X-m-epw? \_n ]d-p: \psS
Xs Bfp-I-fn s]-h-cpw \psS Xs `mj kwkm-cn-p--h-cp-am-W-h. Rm
tNmZn-p: Acw Ah Fs _m[n-m Rm Fp-sN--W-sa-mWv Av
FtmSv \ntZ-in-p-Xv? \_n]d-p: apkvenwI-fpsS kwL-Sn-Xm-h--bn Ddp-\np-Ib
- pw Ah-cpsS Cam-ans\ ]np-Sc
- p-Ibpw sNp-I. Rm tNmZn-p: Ahv
GIkwLS-\bpw Camapw Cs-ntem? \_n]d-p: Fm- hn-`m-K--sfbpw shSnbpIbpw, h ac-ns aqnepw ISnp]nSnv acWw hsc B Ah--bn \nesIm-p-Ibpw sNp-I.
lpssZ-^
- p bam-\n-tbmSv ]d-Xv Fgppw hmb-\bpw Adn-bm hnizmkn-ImWv _m[-IamIp--Xv. Jp-B- hmbn-m Ign-bm sslh k\ymkn-amcn Nne Cu PohnXw \bn-p--h-cmbpv. Fm Fgppw hmb-\bpw
Adn-bp hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Jp-B\ns Bibw AW--p-]-tbm-Knv ISn-p-]n-Snn-cn-m-\mWv "l-phnZm-C' Xs \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-Xv. AYhm JpB-\ns Bibhpambn Ftmgpw _-s-p-sIm-n-cn--W-sa-w. kpa: 1718, Atm hmp-I Jp-B-\ns Bibw {in-p-tIp-I-bpw, Ghpw
\-\n-ev ]n]-p-Ibpw sNp Fs ASn-a-Isf ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-pI.
Aq-sc am{X-amWv Amlp kamK-n-em-n-b-Xpw, Aq- am{X-amWv _pnamam-cm-bn-p--h-cpw Fv ]d-n-pv. A--A-Avem: 913 Amlp ]d-bpp:
bq\pkvv (10)
291
Atm \o ZnIvdm-J
-- p-B-\ns BibwsImv DWpI, AXv Bsc-nepw
D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-sb-ntem! BcmtWm Amlphns\ `bsSpXv Ah am{Xta
AXv D]-tbm-Ks
- --Sp-p-Ib
- p-q. hn \c-I
- o-bn thhm-\p Zu`m-Ky-hmm
A-Xns\ hnpXmWv. ]ns Ah-c-Xn acnp-Itbm Pohn-p-Itbm C.
Npp]mSpw ImWp-Xpw tIp--Xp-samw ss]im-NnI cwK--fm-bXpsImv "Amlv' F kvacW \ne-\np--Xn\v Jp-B\ns Bibw \n_--amWv.
ako-lp--m hcp-tm Cu Ah IqSp-X Ccpfp--Xpw, apkvenwIsfmw ako-lp--m-ens kzKw sXsc-s-Spv Zp\n-bmhns ]n-I-fmbn amdp-Xpam-Wv. AAvdm^v: 176 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. ako-lp--m-ens\ B\-bnp-Xv "\c-I
- ns Ihm-S
- n \np-sImv P\-sf \c-I
- n-te-p hnfnp'
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-b t\Xm--fmbncn-pw. Cukm \_n h-tijw ako-lp--men-s\bpw Cu I]-S-hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw h[nv Xu_: 123s I]\ \S-n-em-p-w.
Av temIw apgp-h {]IrXnaXamb Ckvemans\ AwKoI-cn-pIbpw, Cukm
\_nbpw hnizm-kn-Ifpw, ssl-hcpw ss{IkvXh
- cpa-Sap AapkvenwIsmw
Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-nv Ah-cpsS hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-p--XpamWv.
apkvenwIv Cukm\_n hcp-XpsImv bmsXmcp KpWhpw Inp-I-bpan-.
Ahv thW-san CpXs Jp-B\ns Bi-bw D]-tbm-Knv hnizm-knIfmIm-atm. apkvenw `qcn-]--n-sbpw kwL-S-\-I-fp-sSbpw cm{--fp-sSbpw
kwc--I-\mb Cukm \_nsb-bmWv Ah {]Xo-n-p--Xv. Fm B ZuXyw
\n-ln-p-Xv ss__n-fn ]cm-ain Ay-{In-kvXphmb -ako-lp--m-em-bncn-pw. Ahs\ h[n-p--Xn\pthn Imhnhkv{Xw [cnv k\ym-kn-th-j-n
hcp Cukm \_nsb Xncn--dn-bmt]mepw Ahv Ign-bp-I-bn-. Ay-\mfns {][m-\-s ]v AS-bm-f--fn Hv {]Xy--s-m ]ns hnizmkw
kzoI-cn- D]tbm-K-s-Sp-I-bn-sv ABw: 158 s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbnp-I. _Jd: 223, Xu_: 112, kz^v: 13 Iqn-hm-bnpI. AAvdm^v: 2, 8-9, A^m:
24 , Xu_: 107-111, bq\pkv: 64 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
88.
aqkm {]mn-p: R-fpsS \mYm, \nbw \o ^n-Hu\pw Ahs

{]`rXn- I pw ùXn- I - P o- h n- X - n Ae- mchpw kpw
\Inbncn-p-p-h-tm. R-fpsS \mYm, Ah P\sf \ns
amK-n\nv hyXn-N-enn-pXn\pthn-bmtWm AXv \InbnpXv? R-fpsS \mYm, AhcpsS k-smw XpS-p-If
- bpIbpw
thZ- \ m- P - \ - I - a mb in ImWpXv hsc hniz- k n- m- X ncnhn[w Ah-cpsS lrZ-b- \o ITn-\-am-p-Ibpw sNtWta.
^mnl: 2, AAvdm^v: 32 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I. aqkm \_nsb ^n-Hu\n-tepw Ahs {]`rXn-I-fn-tepw \ntbm-Kn--b--tm Am-kn-B-v: 17-19
kq- {]Imcw Amlp ]dp: \o ^n-Hu-\n-tev t]mhp-I, \nbw Ah
292
JpB\ns Bmhv
[nm-cn-bm-bn-cn-p-p. Ah-t\mSv tNmZnp-I: \o hnipn ssIsIm-p-hm k-\mtWm? Rm \ns \ns dn-tev amK-Zi\w sNmw. As\ \o
Ahs\ `b-s-Sp--h-\m-hpI Fv. Xzmlm: 42-48, kpKvdp-^v: 46, 56, apk-n: 15-16
kq- Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. As\ ^n-Hu\pw Ahs {]am-Wn-amcpw kXysamw Adnv aqSn-shp [nm-cn-If
- mbn amdn-bt- mgmWv aqkm \_nsbsmv
{]mn-nv Amlp in \S-n-em-p-Xv. GsXmcp \mSpw A{I-an-I-fmbn,
[nm-cn-I-fmbn amdp-tm-gmsX Amlp AXns\ \in-npI-bn-sv A-Bw:
47 ]d-n-p-v. A-Bw: 26 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Adn-hn-mbva sImv
Ipw sNbvXhsc Amlp ]nSn-Iq-Sp-I-bn-, Fm Adn-nv IpwsNp--hsc
Amlp ]nSn-IqSpIXs sNpw. Fmw Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p I]-S-hn-izm-knI-tfmSv A[n-Icn PnlmZv \Sm-\mWv ^pJm: 52 hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Amlp
I]n-n-p--Xv. Xu_: 73 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Jp-B-\n h[n-m Inn-p GI-hn-`m-Kw, Adn-nv Fmw aqSn-shv `qansb \in-n-p--Xn-\p-thn
{]hn-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf am{X-am-Wv. _Jd: 61, 74, An-km-Av: 91,
AAvdm^v: 103-105, Xu_: 80 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
89.
Amlp ]dp: \nbw \n- cp-t]-cp-sSbpw {]m\ kzoIcn--s-n-cn-p-p. \n cp-t]cpw sscy-tmsS Ddp\nesIm-p-hn. Adn-hn-m-h
- c
- psS amKw ]np-Sc
- m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNphn.
Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n \nv AI-p-t]mb Hcp P\X, kXy-amb Amlp-hns hgnbpw anYy-bmb ]nim-Nns hgnbpw Xncn--dn-bp-n. A^m: 8
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. {]Xy--n ImWp Ak-Xy-ns {]k-cnpw kXyns aepw, kXy-ns {]N-c-Ww hgn `qansb AXns kp--e\-n \ne\nm thn ITn-\m-[zm\w sNp--h-cpsS ey-{]m-]vXnp Xmakhpw,
anYyhmZn-I-fpsS kpJ-ku-I-cy-fpw Ae-m-cfpw thK-n-ep kzoIm-cy-Xbpw
ImWptm sXm-Sn-I-fmb Bfp-I `qan-bn hnl-cn-p--XmWv Amlp CjvSs-Sp--sXv, Amlphns Ncy Xncn--dn-bm {]-b P\- A\p-am-\np-p. ABw: 123 hniZoIcWw t\mp-I. a\p-jy Ah-c-hsc Xncn--dn-v
{kjvSm-hns\ Xnc--dn-v Pohn-X-eyw Xncn--dnv `qan-bn c-sm-cnn
Cm-Xmn a\p-jy-cpsS sFIyw m]n-p--Xn\pthn Jq-B-\ns Bibw
{]N-cn-n-p-X
- v, `qcn-]
- k
- a
- p-Zm-b
- ns shdp-n-\pw i{Xp-Xpw C-Sb
- m-p-sapw,
Am-c-W-m AXn\v thn ]cn-{i-an-t-Xn-s-pw, \a-kvIcnm\pw JpB-\ns icocw Xnm\pw tIm{Iov ku[- \nan-m-\p-ap kzmX-{yn
kwXr-]vX-cmbn Ign-p-Iq-Snbm aXn-sbpw Jp-B apkvenwI-v am{XapXm-sWv sXn--cn hnUvVn-Ifmb Ah Xocp-am-\nncn-p-I-bmWv-.
Cu kq-n-eqsS Amlp aqkm\_ntbmSpw A\p-bm-bn-ItfmSpw am{Xa, apl-Zv \_n-tbmSpw Ay-\m hscbp hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw Ccw A_-
bq\pkvv (10)
293
-[mc-WI- shp-]p-e-cp-sXv \ntZ-in-p-p. Pohn-X-ns Ggmw Ln-tev Irjn-sN-p-Xn\vthn-bmWv \memw Lnep `qan-bn-se PohnXw
Fv a\-n-em-nb hnizm-kn-I, ey{]m]vXnpthn GXv {]Xn-Iqe ]cn-Xn-Xn-bnepw a ssIsmv {]h\w XpS-cpI Xs thWw. a\p-jyv
kzK-n-te-p Snpw hgn-Im-nbpw, kXym-kXy hnth-N-\-am-\-ZWvUhpw, lrZb-sf ]c-kv]cw tImn-W-m-\p Ibdpw, AImcw AI-m-\p {]Imihpw, {]]w AXns kp-e-\-n \ne\nm-\p {Xmkpw, ]c-temI
hnNm-cWmam\-Z-WvUhpamb Jp-B-\ns Bibw lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn- samw
a\p-jycn-tev Fn-p s
- Im-Sp-psImm-WXv. amCZ: 67 t\mp-I. {XnImem\nbmb Amlp Xs-bmWv Fm-Im-cy-fpw \nb-{n-p-Xpw \S-n-em-p-Xpw
F t_m[-tm-Sp-IqSn Ah-t\mSp {]mnp sImm-bn-cn-Ww hnizm-kn-I
GXp {]hnbpw sNt--Xv. ^p-kzn-ev: 30-32 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Ben-Cw-dm:
145-148,200, Xu_: 67, bq\pkv: 62-65 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
90.
CkvdmCu k-Xn-Isf \mw IS IS-pIbpw, Atm ^n-Hu\pw

ssk\yhpw i{Xp-X-tbmSpw [nm-c-tmSpw IqSn Ahsc ]np-ScpIbpw, As\ ^nHu apn-p-S-pI-bpw dqlv sXm-p-gn-bn
Fp-Ibpw sNbvX-tm Ah ]dp: \nbw CkvdmCu
k-Xn-I GsXmcp Cem-ln-emtWm hniz-kn-n-pXv Ah-\-msX
thsd Cemlns-v Rm\nXm hniz-kn-p-p, Rm apkvenwIfn
s]-h-\pam-bn-cn-p-p.
91.
C-tgm..., CXn\papv \o [n-cn-p. \o \mi-Im-cn-I-fn s]-h-

Xsbm-bn-cp-p.
92.
Atm Ct-Zn\w \ns PUw am{Xw \mw c-s-Sp-pw]nX-eap-d-Iv \osbmcp ZrjvSm--am-tI--Xn-\pthn. Fm a\pjycn A[n-I-t]cpw \psS ZrjvSm--sfsmv {]-b--h
Xs-bm-Wv.
Ap-Ad
- m-Av: 52-66 kq-f
- n, Am-lp-hns Zmkam-scbpw Iqn cm{Xnv
cm{Xn ]pd-s-SWsa-pw, \n ]npSc-s-Sp-sapw aqkm \_n-v Amlp
Znhy-k-tiw \InbXmbn ]d-n-pv. ^n-Hu ]-W--fntev in]m-bn-amsc
Abv ]m-f-msc Hcp-an-p-Iq-n. \nbw Ch Hcp sNdnb hn`m-K-am-Wv, \mw Hcpan-p-IqSn Ahsc ]nSn-p-sI-pI XsthWw Fv ]d-p. As\ \mw ^n-Hus\bpw A\p-bm-bn-I-sf-bpw Ah-cpsS tXm--fn\npw Acp-hn-I-fn\npw am\yamb m\--fn\npw B`m-S--fn\npw ]pd-s-Sp-hn-p-I-bpw, A{]-Imcw
AsXmw A\--c-h-Im-i-ambn Ckvdm-Cu kXn-Iv \Ip-IbpwsNbvXp.
t\cw shfp-mdmbtm-tgpw ^n-Hu\pw kwLhpw CkvdmCu kwL-hp-ambn
Ip-ap-n. Atm aqkm-bpsS A\p-bm-bn-I ]d-p: \nbw \mw ]nSn-Iq-Ss-
294
JpB\ns Bmhv
Spatm. aqkm ]d-p: A, \nbw Fs IqsS Fs \mY-\p-v. Ah F\nv

amKZi\w ImWn-p-X-cnI Xs sNpw. Atm \ns hSn-sImv IS-en
ASnp-Isbv Amlp aqkmv Znhy-k-tiw \In. As\ aqkm ASn-tm IS-ense shw cp- henb a-e-I-sf-tmWw cp-`m-K-tpw amdn-\np.
As\ Xzmlm: 77 {]Imcw kap-{Z-n Ahsmcp DW-nb hgn Hcpn-smSp-p. Ahsc IS ISn adp-I-c-bn Fnv c-s-Spnb Amlp aqkm
\_n-tbmSv hSn-sImv cm-aXv ASn-msX kap-{Zs ]nf-Xm-bnv Xs
hnSpI Fv Ap-Jm: 24 {]Imcw I]n-p. ^n-Hu-s\bpw kwL-tbpw IS-ent- ev ASp-n-v amdn-\n shs Hcp-an-p-Iqn IS-en apn-sIm-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
dqlv sXm-p-gn-bn-se-n-b-tm ^n-Hu {]Jym-]n-p: Ckvdm-Cu k-XnIsf GsXmcp Cem-ln hniz-kn--Xns t]cn-emtWm IS ]nfn c-s-Spn-bX
- v B Cem-ln-emWv Rm hniz-kn-n-p-X
- v. Rm Ah\v kkzw An
apkvenwI-fn s]-h-\p-am-bn-cn-p-p. CXn\nv ^n-Hu\v Ckvdm-Cu k-XnI hniz-kn Cem-lns\ icnpw ]cn-N-b-ap-m-bn-cp-p Fv a\-n-em-mw.
Amlp adp-]Sn \In: Ctm-gmtWm \o hniz-kn-p--Xv? CXn-\p-apv \o [nmcnbpw \mi-Im-cn-I-fn s]-h-\p-am-bn-cp-p. dqlv sXm-p-gn-bnse-p ac-Wsh-{]m-f-k-a-bv hnizmkw kzoI-cn-p-XpsImv {]tbm-P-\an-s-pw, A-cm-cn \nv ]m-m]w kzoI-cn-p-I-bnspw An-km-Av: 1718 hni-Zo-I-cW-n t\mp-I.
As\ Amlp ^n-Hus icocw GI-tZiw 2800 sIm-tmfw ISen
Xs kqn-p-Ibpw tijw CuPn-]vXnse ayqkn-b-n-tep amp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Ay\m hsc-bp P\-Xv Am-lp-hns Ignhv {]Zin-n-p Hcp ZrjvSm-am-bn-mWv Ahs icocw Amlp c-s-Spn kqn-n-p-s
- XmWv kqw
]d-bp-Xv. Fm P\-f
- n A[n-It- ]cpw Ahs Ccw ZrjvSm-
- sfsmv
A{i-hm-am Xs-bm-Wv. Jp-B-\nse 6236 Bb-p-Ifn HmWv ^n-Hus
ico-cw. _mn 6235 kq--fn AS-n-bn-cn-p-Xv FmsWv At\z-jn-p-hpw, AXn-\p-thn tIhnbpw Img-vNbpw _pn-i-nbpw D]-tbm-Kn-p-hpw am{X-amWv ^n-Hus icocw Hcp ZrjvSm--ambnocp--Xv. Amh
{]-b Kzm^n-eo--fm-Wv. AAvdm^v: 138, 146, 176, 179, Xu_: 55, 125 hni-Zo-IcWw t\m-p-I.
93.
\mw Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-Iv Jp-B-\ns hmKvZ--a-\p-k-cn-p-

]mnShpw ]cn-ip-a
- mb hn`-h
- fpw Hcp-n-sm-Sp-p. ]ns Adnhv
hpIn-nb-Xn-\p-ti-j-a-msX Ah ]ckv]cw `nn-n-n--. \n-bw
Ah `nn-p-sIm-n-cp hnjbn hn[n-Zn-h-k-\mfn \ns
\mY hn[n-I]np--Xm-Wv.
Adnhv hp-In-n-bX
- n-\p-tijamsX `nn-n-n Fp-]d
-
m {Kw hpIn-n-bn--msX `nn-n-n Fm-Wv. _Jd: 213 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Cv a\p-
bq\pkvv (10)
295
jyv sam- a p {Kw Jp- B am{X- a m- W v . Jp- B \ns hml- I - c mb
apkvenwI am{X-am-Wv Cv temIv `nn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Xv. AXp-hgn
Cukqw ]d-Xv kXy-ambn ]pe-cp-Ib
- m-sWv a\-n-emmw. a\p-jy-cpsS sFIyhp-w AXp-hgn kam[m\hpw imnbpw \ne-\nm\pw Jp-B In-p-tm,
AXn\phncp--ambn `qan-bn \mihpw cwNn-epw Xo{h-hm-Zhpw \S-n-em-p-h-cmbn Ah A[x]Xn-n-cn-p-p. Jp-B-\m-Wv Chsc Cu kz`m-h-m-cm-n-bXv
Fm-Wv AapkvenwI Icp-Xp-Xv. AXp-hgn Jp-Bs
- \ ]Zw tImt]mepw
Xm-d-m--hn[w AapkvenwIsf Jp-B-\n \nv AI-p-IbmWv Cu \n-tj[nI sNp--Xv. `qan-bn Bcv FhnsS cwNnnbmepw AXn-\p in, \oXnam-\mb {km-hns apn Jp-B\ns\ Igp-Xs
- b-tmWw hln-p A{I-anIfpw
\ntj-[n-Ifpw [nm-cn-I-fp-amb Cq hln-tnbpwhcpw. _Jd: 113, 254, ABw: 26, bq\pkv: 47 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
94.
Atm \mw Ah-X-cn-n-n-pXn \n\v h kwi-b-hp ap-sn \n\papv thZw ]mcm-bWw sNbvXp-sIm-n-cnp--h-tcmSv
tNmZn-p-t\mpI. \ns \mY-\n\np kXyw \n\v hp-InpIXs sNbvXp Fn-cns, \o Hcn-epw kwi-bm-ep--fn s]pt]m-I-cp-Xv.
Ap-A-dm-Av: 196-197, \nbw Cu Jp-B ]gb thZ--fn-se-m-ap-v.

Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I-fnse m\n-Iv Cu {Kspdnv Adn-bm-sa-Xv
Chsmcp sXfn-h-stbm Fv tNm-Zn-p-p. amCZ: 48, 83-86, AAvdm^v: 89,
bq\pkv: 3739 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
95. \osbm-cn-epw Amlp-hns kq-sf Xn--d-bp--h-cpsS Iqn s]p-t]mhpIbpacp-Xv. A-s\-bm-bm \o Fmw \jvSs-h-cn s]pt]mIpXp-amWv.
_Jd: 120121, 186, Ben-Cw-dm: 4, AAv-dm^v: 35-36 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
96.
\nbw \ns dn-s hN\w BcpsS taen-emtWm _m[-I-am-b-Xv,

Ah hniz-kn-p-I-bn Xs.
97.
Ahv GXp ZrjvSmw hp-In-n-bmepw thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in

ImWp--Xp-hsc Ah hniz-kn-p--X-.
bmko: 7, Ah-cn A[n-I-t]-cnepw hN\w _m[Iambn, Atm Ah

hniz-kn-p-I-bn Fpw bmko: 70, Cu JpB Poh-\p--hsc ap-dn-bnv
\Ip--Xn\pw \ntj-[n-I-fp-sS- ta hN\w _m[I-am-Ip--Xn\pw thn Ah-X-cnnnp-Xm-sWpw ]d-bp-p. B hN-\-w Fm-sWv kPZ: 13 ]d-bp-Xv
C-s\-bmWv: \mw Dt-in-n-cp-s-n Fm Hmtcm- Bm-hn\pw AXns
296
JpB\ns Bmhv
kamKw am{X-av sImSp-p-am-bn-cp-p. Fm \nbw Pnp-I-sf-bpw a\pjyscbpw apgp-h\pw sImv \cIw Ipn-\n-d-pI Xs sNp-sa-v Fn\nv
hN\w Dm-bn--gn-p. An-km-Av: 118, bq\p-kv: 33, 88 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
Pnv Iqp-Im-cs\ Jp-B-\ns Bibw sImv hnizm-kn-bm-msX Hcmpw
kzK-n-tev Xncn-p-t]m-Im km[npI-bn-sv a\-n-emn, Hmtcm-cp-cpw
kamKamb Jp-B-\ns Bibw, DS-a-bmb Amlphn-t\mS:v "Fs \mYm,
F\nv Adnhv hn-np Xtc-Wta!' Fv lrZbw sImv {]mnpsImv
hmbn--W-samWv Cu kqw ]Tn-n-p-Xv. AAv-dm^v: 178, Xu_: 115 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
98.
Atm Hcp \mSn\pw, in-ImWp-tm hnizknp-Ibpw B

hnizmkw Ahv D]-Im-c-{]-Z-amIpIbpw sNbvXn-n---bq-\p-kns
P\Xsm-gnsI. Ah hnizmkw ssIsm--tm \mw Ahscsmv sFln-I-Po-hn-X-nse \ny-amb in \on-I-f-p, Hcp
\nnXIme-Lw hsc Ahv PohnXkuIcy \Ip-Ibpw
sNbvXp.
{]hm-N-Iamcm ap-dn-bnv \I-s P\Xbn C\n-bmcpw hniz-kn-pI-bn-sv ImWp-tm, {]hm-N-I-s\-smv {]mn-nv in \S-n-emn
Ahsc \in-n-p-I-bpw, {]hm-N-I-s\bpw hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw c-s-Sp-p-I-bp-amWv
Amlp-hns Ncy. bq\pkv: 47 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Fm bq\pkv \_n-bpsS
P\Xbmb A-ko-cn-b-m CXn-s\mcp A]-hm-Zam-Wv. ChnsS Amlp bq\pkv
\_n-sb-bmWv ]nSn-Iq-Sn-b-Xv. P\-Xv amp-sIm-Sp-p-I-bpw Ahv Hcp \nn-XIm-e-Lw hsc Pohn-X-hn-`h \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. kzm^v^m-v: 139148,
An-bm-Av: 87-88, Jew: 48-50 kq--fn bq\pkv \_nsbpdnv hnh-cn-n-pv. bq\pkv \_nbpsS P\-X At-l-n hniz-kn-m Xm-dm-hmsXhtm, Am-lp-hns insbp-dnv ap-dn-bnv \IpIbpw, P\--fpsS \ntj[-n tIm]m-Ip-e\mbn bq\pkv\_n Amlp-hns kXw IqSmsX \mSp-hn-SpI-bpam-Wp-m-b-Xv. ]pd-s-Sm-\mb Hcp I-en Atlw A`bwtXSn. I ]pdsv Ipdp Ign--tm `mc-q-Sp-X ImcWw Fm-hcpw apnacn-m- CS-hcm-Xn-cn-m thn, AXnse bm{X-m \dp-sSp-n-eqsS Hcmsf IS-en-tev
Xm Xocp-am-\n-p. \dpv hoWXv bq\pkv \_n-m-Wv. IS-en-se-dnbs
bq\pkns\ Amlp Hcp ayssmv hngp-n-np. ay-ns hb-nshv
bq\pkv \_n lrZ-bwsImv lrZ-b--fpsS Ah Adn-bp- Am-lp-hn-t\mSv
{]mn-p: \nbw \obmsX Cem-ln Xs, \o am{X-amWv Ipw sNm
]cn-ip-. \nbw Rm A{I-an-I-fn s]-h-\m-bn-cn-p-p (An-bm-Av: 87).
Atm At-ls ay-ssmv Ic-bn-tev On-npI-bpw, AhnsS
At-l-n\v h--bpsS sNSn apf-npIbpw Imbvn-p-Ibpw sNbvXv AXv
`-W-ambn \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp.
bq\pkvv (10)
297
inbpsS Bc-hmcw- apn I bq\pkns P\X, At-ls At\zjn-p-I-bpw ImWm-Xn-cp--tm, kv{XoI-sfbpw Ipn-I-sfbpw hb-am-scbpw
ssaXm-\n-bn lmP-cm-n Fm-hcpw IqSn Am-lp-hn-t\mSv {]mn-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Atm Amlp Bk-a
- mb B in Hgn-hm-p-Ib
- pw, bq\pkv \_nsb
hopw Hcp e-n-e-[n-Iwhcp B P\-X-bn-tev Xs \ntbm-Kn-p-I-bpw
sNbvXp-. Atm Ah bq\p-kns {]t_m-[\w kzoI-cnv At-ln hnizkn-p-Ibpw Ahp \n-bn Pohn-Xh
- n-`h
- A\p-`hnp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Anbm-Av: 88, bq\pkv ay-ns hb-n \nv Am-lp-hns\ hmgvn-sImv
{]mn--tm \mw At-l-n\v Dcw \Ip-I-bpw, Atlw AI-s-n-cp
hn]-n\nv c-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A{]-Im-c-amWv \mw hnizm-kn-Isf
c-s-Sp-pI Fp-]-d-n-p-v. hnizm-kn-Isf Imcy-Im-cW_-n\v AXoX-ambn c-s-Sp-p--Xn\v DZm-l-cWw ImWn-m thn-bmWv bq\pkv \_nsb
ayssmv hngp-n-n-sXpw c-s-Sp-n-b-sXpw a\-n-em-m-hp-Xm-Wv. bq\pkv: 1-03 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
hnizm-kn-Isf Amlp Imcy-Im-c-W_--Xo-X-ambn c-s-Sp-p-sa-Xn\v thsdbpw DZm-l-c-W--fp-v. adnbw: 22-25, Cukm-\-_nsb K`w Npa
adnbw B P\-X-bn \npw amdn Hgn -e-s-n. {]k-h-th-Z\ Ahsf
Hcp Cu--\-bpsS Nph-n-se-n-p. Atm Ah ]dp: Hm Iw, Rm
CXn\v apv ac-W-sv ]mtS hnkva-cnv X-s--h-fm-bn-cp-s-n F{X \m-bncp-t-s\! Atm Ah-fpsS Xmgv`m-K-p-\nv \mw AhtfmSv hnfnv ]dp: \o
ZpxJn-t, \ns \mY \ns Xmgv`m-K-Xm Hcp Acphnbpm-n-bn-cn-p-p.
\ns Acn-In-ep Cu--\bpsS DW-nqnb ]-I ]nSnv Ipep-pI,
Atm AXv \n\v ]mI-amb \ Cu-gw hogvn--cp--Xm-Wv. ChnsS
Cu-gw Imbvm Ime-mWv Imcy-Im-c-W_-n\v AXo-X-ambn adn-ban\v Cu-gw hogvnsIm-Sp--Xv. AXp-t]mse IpSn-m-\p sh-n\v ]pXnsbmcp Acphn Dm-n-sm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Jp-B kan-p {]hm-N-Iamcn hniz-kn-pIbpw ]n]-p-Ibpw
sNp hnizm-kn-Iv Hcm-]pw hcn-I-bn-. Fm Zpcn-X-L---fnepw {]hm-NIam A\p-hn \bw Ahv amXr-I-bmbn Jp-B-\n hnh-cn-n-p-v. AXv
]n]-pI am{Xta sNt--Xp-q. GsXm-cmfpw Am-lp-hns I]\ ewLnm inn-sSp-sapw, Am-lp-hn-t\mSv s]mdp-ens\tSn Ah-\n-tev
]m-]np aS-p-I-bm-sW-n Ahv s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw Ahsc cs-Sp-p-I-bpw sNp-sapw \oXn-am-\mb Amlp Ahsc inn-p-I-bn-spw
Cu kw`-h-n\nv hnizm-kn-Iv ]mT-apm-m-hp--Xm-Wv. _Jd: 33, BenCw-dm: 37, A^m: 64 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
99.
\ns \mY Dt-in-n-cp-p-sh-n `qan-bn-ep apgp-h Bfp-Ifpw

hnizmkw ssIsImpIXs sNp-am-bn-cp-p. Atm a\p-
298
JpB\ns Bmhv
jyscmw hnizm-kn-I-fm-hm \o Ahsc \n_-n-p-Itbm?
100. Am-lp-hns thp-I-Iq-SmsX Hcmpw hniz-kn-m km[n-pIbn. _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knp Nnn-m--hcpsS- ta Amlp amen\y- \nt-]n-n-cn-p-p.
`qan-bn kXy\ntj-[n-Ifpw [nm-cn-Ifpw Hcn-epw Dm-I-cp-sX-pw,
Fmhcpw hW--ap--hcpw A\p-k-c-W-io-e-ap--h-cpw BI-W-sa-pam-bn-cpp
{km-hns C-sb-n P\sf H-Sw hnizm-kn-I-fmbn krjvSn-pI Ah\v
hnj-a-ap- Imcy-ambn-cpn-. krjvSn-nXs Fm-h-cp-sSbpw lrZ-b--fn
hnizmkhpw A\p-k-c-Whpw \nt-]n-m Ah\v km[n-p-am-bn-cp-p. Fn-cns
Fm-hcpw hnizm-kn-I-fm-hm-Xn \o a\p-jysc shdp-t-Xn-, Zo\n \n_-an-. Fm Hmtcm Bm-hn\pw AXns kamKhpw ZpamKhpw \Inbnpv.
BcmtWm Ah-c-hsc Xncn--dn--v Pohn-X-eyw Xncn--dn-v {]hn--Xv Ah
hnP-bn-p. BcmtWm Ah-c-hsc Xncn--dn-bmsX Pohn-X-eyw Xncn--dn-bmsX
Ahsc \jvS-s-Sp-n-b-Xv Ah ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. A-Avdm^v: 178
t\mpI. \_n cmhpw ]Iepw {]t_m-[\w sNbvXnv P\- Ckvemw kzoI-cnm Xm-dm-hmsX h-tm AXn-bmbn Zp:Jnp-Ibpw k-S-s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXncp-p. Atm \_nsb kam-[m-\n-n-m thn Ah-X-cnn kq--fn
Hm-Wn-Xv. _Jd: 256, 286, amCZ: 67 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
Am-lp-hns thpI IqSmsX Hcmpw hnizknm km[n-p-I-bn-sv
]d--Xns hnh-, krjvSn-I-fn Hcmpw asm-cmsf bYm hnizm-kn-bmmt\m kamK-n-tev sImphcmt\m km[y-a Fm-Wv. Am-lp-hns
thpIsImp-t-in-p-Xv amCZ: 48 ]d apssl-an-\m-bImv kqnp- Jp-B-\ns Bibw Xs-bm-Wv. _-Jd: 119, 272 t\mp-I. ]c-a-Im-cp-WnI kzK-nshv Jp-B Ahv ]Tn-n-p-sIm-Sp-n-pv FImcyw JpB\ns Bibw sImv DWn, \njv]--hm-\mb ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I Hcm-sfbpw
kamK-n-tetm ZpamK-n-tetm \bn-p-n Fv ]Tn-n-v, kamKw
Hmtcm-cp-cpw DS-a-tbmSv tNmZn-p-hm--W-sa-pw kzKw ChnsS ]Wn-tb--XmsWpw t_m[y-s-Sp-pI am{Xta asm-cmv sNm km[n-p-I-bpq. _Jd:
213 t\mp-I.
Jp-B\ns Bibw Inn-bnpw Pohn-X-eyw Xncn--dnv kzbw Ahchsc
ipo-I-cn-m--h _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knp Nnn-m--h-cpw {`mam-cp-am-Wv.
"Amlp Dt-in-m-e-msX kamK-n-em-hp-I-bn-, Amlp hgn-tI-Sn-em-n-bm
Ahsc kamK-n Bp--h-cp-an Ft ]d-n-p--Xv' Fp-]-dv,
krjvSn-I-fmb \apv FpsNm Ignbpw Fp tNmZn-p sImv kzbw hnizkn-m-\pw sXmb PohnXw Xncpm\pw Jp-B\ns samw Bi-b-nep
PohnXw \bn-m\pw Xm-dm-hmh-cm-Wh. "Am-lp-hns kzKhpw \c-Ihpw
hnim-e-am-Wv, Ah-\p-t-in-p--hsc Ah AXn-tev Bn-sm--s, \-sf-
bq\pkvv (10)
299
n-\mWv ap--hsc kzK-n-tepw \c-I-n-tepw thXncnp-Xv' Fp-]d-p-sImv hnizm-kn-Isf ]cn-l-kn-p--h-cp-amWv Ccw ap\m-^n-Jp-I. I]S-hn-izm-kn-I amen-\y-am-sWv Xu_: 95-epw, Ahv Jp-B amen-\y-n-\pta amen\yamWv hn-n-psXv Xu_: 125epw ]d-n-p-v. Ccw A{Ian-Iv Jp-B \jvS-a-msX hn-n-p-I-bn-v Ckvdm-Av: 82epw ]d-npv. An-km-Av: 82, Ben-Cw-dm: 145 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Hc-\p-{K-lhpw
Am-lphns thpI IqSmsX e`n-pI-bn-. A-Bw: 125126, AAvdm^v: 150,
179, bq\pkv: 94-97 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
101. ]d- b p- I : \n BIm- i - - f nepw `qan- b n- e p- a pXv Fm- t Wm,
AsXmv t\mn-mWp-I. hniz-kn-m P\-n\v ZrjvSm--
sImpw Xmo-Xp-I sImpw Hcp-{]-tbm-P\hpw e`n-p-I-bpan.
apl-Zv \_n-bpsS {]hm-N-IXzw kXy-am-sWv Dd-p-h-cp-m ]nb Znhymp-X- Rv ImWn-p-X-cn-I, Fm R hniz-knmw Fp-]-d-bp-h-tcm-Sp adp-]-Sn-bm-Wn-Xv. \nv kXyw kzoI-cn-m B{K-l-ap-s-n
BIm-i`qan-I-fn Fm-bn-Spw IW-n-m ZrjvSm-- ]c-p-In-S-p-v.
\n Ip-Xp-dv t\mW-sa-p-am{Xw. apIv: 3-4 kq--fn Amlp ]dbpp: Xp-X-p-I-fmbn Ggv BIm-i-sf krjvSn ]c-a-Im-cpWnIs krjvSn-n
Hcp t]mcm-bvabpw \o Is-p-I-bn. hopw t\mpI, \o Fs-nepw hnS-hpI ImWp-ptm? ]ns cm-a-sXm-p-IqSn t\mp-I, \ns ImgvN \nntev
Xs aSp-tmSpw ss\cm-iy-tmSpw IqSn aS-p-XmWv. Ben-Cw-dm: 190192,
A-Bw: 36, 111, 124, AAvdm^v: 185, bq\pkv: 36 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
102. Atm Ahpapv -I-gn-p-t]mb P\- t\cnXpt]mep
(in-bpsS) Zn\- A`n-ap-Jo-I-cnp-I-b-msX as-mWv Ah
Im-n-cn-p-Xv? \o ]d-bp-I: Atm \n Imn-cn-p-I,
\nbw \n-tfm-sSmw Rm\pw Imn-cn-p--h-\mIp-p.
103. ]ns \psS ZqXam-scbpw Ah-tcm-sSmw hnizkn-hscbpw \mw
c-s-Sp-pp. A{]-Imcw hnizm-kn-Isf c-s-Sp-pI FXv
\psS _m[y-X-bm-Ip-p.
\nbw Rm\pw Fs ZqXamcpw Xs-bmWv AXn-Pb
- n-pIsbv Amlp
{K-n tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p-v. \nbw Amlp tNmZyw sN-sSm AP\pw i-\p-a-tm Fv apPm-Zne: 21- ]d-npv. Adqw: 47 Ah-km-\n-pX,v hnizm-kn-Isf klm-bn-pI FXv \psS _m[y-X-bm-Ipp F Bi-btm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. bqkp-^n\v {]mb-]qn-bm-bt- m \mw XXz-m-\hpw Adnhpw
\Ip-Ib
- p-m-sbv bqkp^v: 22epw, aqkmv {]mb-]qnbpw ]Iz-Xbpambtm
\mw XXz-m-\hpw Adnhpw \Ip-I-bp-m-sbv Jkkv: 14-epw ]d--Xn\v
tijw cv kq-fpw Ah-km-\np--Xv "A{]-Im-c-amWv Am-lp-hns\ Ip-
300
JpB\ns Bmhv
sImv Ncn-p--hv \mw {]Xn-êw \IpI' F Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.

XXz-m-\w sImpw Adn-hv -sImpw Dt-in-p-Xv Jp-B-\ns Bibw Xsbm-Wv. ABw: 155157 t\mp-I. Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p--hv,
XXz-k-q-amb Jp-B-\ns Bibw kamKhpw Imcp-Wy-hp-amWv Fv
epJvam: 23 kq-fn ]d-n-p-v. Ben-Cw-dm: 5-8 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
An-bm-Av: 88-, bq\pkn\v adp-]Sn \In-smv Amlp ]d-bpp:
Atlw AI-s {]bm-k-n\nv \mw c-s-Sp-n. A{]-Im-c-amWv \mw
hnizm-kn-Isf c-s-Sp-pI Fv. {]hm-N-Iam-sc-m-hcpw Xs hnizm-kn-Ifm-Wv(AAv-dm^v: 143). Fm Fm hnizm-kn-Ifpw {]hm-N-Iam-cm-hp-n-.
Atm hnizm-kn-Isf GXv B-]-n \npw Amlp c-s-Sppw Fv Ddp-h-cp-m-\mWv {]hm-N-Iamsc ]co--W-n AI-s-Sp-pXv. Fm {]hmN-Iampw a\p-jy-cnepw Pnp-I-fnepws] ]nim-Np-sf i{Xp--fm-n-bn-cn-pp Fv A-Bw: 112epw Fm X-fpsS \mY-\n `c-ta]n hnizm-knIfpsS-ta ]nim-Nn\v bmsXmcp kzm[o-\h
- p-an-sv- A-[n-Im-ch
- p-an-s-v Alv:
99epw ]d-n-p-v. AYhm {]hm-N-Iam-cpsS ]q-Po-hnXw \bn-p-- hnizmkn-I `qan-bnse Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmWv. ap-Pm-Zne: 22 t\mp-I. hnizmkn-I-fm-bm Cl-nepw ]c-nepw c-s-Sp-sav Cu kqw ]Tn-n-p-p.
hnizm-kn-bm-ImsX Hcmfpw kzK-n {]th-in-p-I-bn-sv apAvan: 40 ]dnpv. _Jd: 186, A^m: 62-64, Xu_: 71-72, bq-\pkv: 61 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
104. ]d-bpI: Hm a\p-jytc, Fs Pohn-X-co-Xnsbpdnv \n Ctmgpw
kwi-b-ap-h-cm-sW-n, Atm \n Am-lp-hns\qSmsX
Bp-thn Pohn-p--h-cmtWm Ahp-thn Rm Pohn-p-h-\. Fm Rm \nsf Xncnphnfnp Am-lp-hn\vthn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-\m-Wv. Rm hnizm-kn-I-fn s]-h-\m-bncn--W-sav FtmSv In--s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p.
A-Bw: 60 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. Dd--nepw ac-W-nepw \n-fpsS
Bm-hns\ ico-c-n \nv Xncn-s-Sp-p Am-lp-hn-\p- am{Xw C_m-Zv
sNm AYhm Ah-\p-thn am{Xw- Po-hn-m Rm IS-a-s--cn-pp Fv -]d-bpXn-eqsS, Rm am{X-a- \nfpw AXn\v _m[y-cmWv, \n-fp-sSbpw
DSa Amlp am{X-amWv. Ah-\mWv Fm-h-scbpw ChnsS \ne-\np-Xpw acnnp--Xp-samw Fv Ahsc Hman-n-p-I-bm-Wv. PohnXw apgp-h Am-lp-hn-\pthn am{X-am-nb Ahs {]tXy-I-m-cmb ASn-a-I-f-m--h-scsbmw ]nim-Nv
]mn-em-p-sav ^mnl: 4, AAvdm^v: 16-18 kq-fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWn
\nv a\-n-em-m-hp--Xm-Wv.
acn-n-p-Xv Amlp Xs-bmWv Fpw B acWw \on-sh-m almm-tm ]pWym-m-tm Hpw km[y-a- Fpw Fm-e-p-ap \ntj-
bq\pkvv (10)
301
[n-Ifpw hniz-kn-p-Xv sImmWv, a\jysc hnfnv: \nsf acn-n-ph\pw
samw temI-s \nb-{np--h-\p-amb Amlphn\pthn am{Xw Pohn-m\mWv hnizm-kn-I IS-a-s-n-cn-p-Xv Fp-]-d--Xv. Ben-Cw-dm: 19, 102,
Ankm-Av: 78 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Rm hnizm-kn-I-fn s]-h-\m-I-W-sav FtmSv In--s-n-cn-pp
Fp-]-d--Xn \npw, Hmtcm-cp-cpw hnizm-kn-bm-sWv {Xmkmb JpB\ns Bibw sImv Dd-p-h-cpn {]Jym-]n--W-sa-m-Wv. ^pkzn-ev: 30-32
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Rm hnizm-kn-bmtWm Atbm F kwibw {]I-Sn-n-p-h I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw Am-lp-hns\ ad--h-cp-am-Wv. Xu_: 67 hni-ZoIcWw
t\mpI. Rm hnizm-kn-I-fn Hm-a-\m-sWmWv aqkm \_n ]d--Xv AAvdm^v: 143 hmbn-pI. amCZ: 56, bq\pkv: 72 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
105. km-\m EPq-am-\-k-\mbn \ns Cu Zo\n icnpw Dd-np
\n-Wsapw, \o Hcn-epw Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-fn ]p-tNp--h-cn s]p-t]m-IcpsXpw(In-s-n-cnpp).
Rm hnizm-kn-I-fn s]-h-\msWv {]Jy-]n-m am{Xw t]mcm, Am-lphns Zo\n km-\m Ah\v kanv Ah\pthn am{Xw Pohnp--h\mbn \nesImp-Ibpw thWw. _Jd: 208, An-km-Av: 136 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
bq\pkv: 99-100 kq-{]-Imcw ap-h
- sc hnizm-kn-bm-mt\m Zo kzoI-cn-n-mt\m
Hcmpw _m[y-Xbn, AXn\p km[yhpa. Fm kzbw Hmtcm-cp-cpw
Jq-B-\ns 6236 kq- sImv Ah-c-hsc Xqn- t\mn hnizm-knbpw
apkvenap-am-sWv Dd-p-h-cp-p-Ibpw {]Jy-]n-p-Ibp-amWv thXv. Ben-Cw-dm:
79 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. sXp-sN-m Ah-k-c-ap-m-bnpw Am-lp-hns\
IpsImv sXp-sN-m-Xn-cn-W
- w. "l\o^m'E-Pq-am-\k
- \
- m-bnFXns hnh
Ftm Fhn-sS-bm-sW-nepw "-Amlv-' Fp kvac-W-bn \ne-sIm--W-samWv. ^mnl: 6, _Jd: 135, 186, A-Bw: 161, AAvdm^v: 205, bq\pkv: 8586
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
106. Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsX \n\v D]-Im-c-tam D]-{Z-htam sNm- Ignhn-m bmsXmnt\bpw hnfnp {]mn--bpacpXv. \o Fm\pw
As\ sNbvXm, Atm \nbw \o A{I-an-I-fn s]-h
Xs-bm-bn-cn-pw.
Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-c-mh-Imi-fn ]p-tNm {]hrn-I-sfmw
\jvS-sv PohnXw \jvS-s--h-cn Ds-Sp-sap kpa: 65 ]d-n-p-v.
Am-lpth, Rtf \o apivcnp-I-fn Ds-Sp--cp-tX, Rtf \o \ns
GIXzw AwKo-I-cn-p--h-cn DsSp-t-W-ta. Rtf \o A{I-an-I-fnepw \jvS-
302
JpB\ns Bmhv
s-Sp--h-cnepw Ds-Sp--cp-tX, Rtf \o Jp-B-\n-s Aibw ]n]-p

kq-vam-ep--fnepw hnP-bn-I-fnepw Ds-Sp-t-W-ta. Rtf \o kwi-bm-ep-fnepw kwi-b-n BSn-bp-e-bp--h-cnepw Ds-Sp--cp-tX, Rtf \o ZrVt_m[yap-h-cpw \ns Zo\n Dd-p-\n-p--hcpamt-Wta-. Rtf \o \ns
ad--h-cnepw Xn- sN-p--h-cnepw Ds-Sp--cp-tX, Rtf \o \ns kZm
kvacn-p--hcpw \n {]I-Sn--p--h-cp-am-t-Wta. Rtf \o Bi-b--h-cm-cp-tX, Rtf \o hW--ap--h-cm-t-W-ta. Rtf \o A\ymbw {]hn-p-h-cm--cptX, Rtf \o kkzw \n\v kan--h-cm-t-W-ta. Rtf
\o ]cn-[n-ew-Ln--hcnepw Al-m-cn-Ifnepw [nm-cn-I-fnepw- Ds-SpcptX,
Rtf \o \ns IpsImv Ncn-p--h-cpw a\kmhm-Nm--IaWm \n\v
hgn-s-Sp--hcpw ]pWy-mXv-am--fp-am-t-Wta. Rtf \o \ns Zo\ns\ ]cn-lkn-p--h-cn Ds-Sp--cp-tX, Rtf \o Ffn-a-bp--hcpw \ns Dns
bpn `b-s-Sp--h-cpam-tWta. Rtf \o \ns kq-sf sXmv Xnp--h-cmcptX, Rtf \o \ns kq- sImv PnlmZv sNp--h-cmt-W-ta. Rtf \o apI-S--h-tcm-sSm-hpw Jp-B-\ns\ kXy-s-Sp-p--htcm-sSm-hpw Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-am-Ip Sn-p-sImv kzK-n {]th-in-nt-W-ta, Hm Snv Ah-X-cn-n--ht\! Hm, ]pWy-hm\pw Imcp-Wy-hm-\p-am-b-h-t\!
AAvdm^v: 188, 194-196, Xu_: 2324 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
107. Amlp \n\smcp B]v _m[nnp-Ibm-sW-n, Atm AXv
\on--f-bp--h-\m-bnv Ah-\-msX am-cp-an-. Ah \n\smcp
\ Dt-in-p-I-bm-sW-n, Atm Ahs HuZmcyw \on-fbp--h-\mbpw Bcp-an-. Xs ASn-a-Ifn Xm\p-t-in-p--hv
Ahs HuZmcyw _m[n-np-p. Ah Gsd s]mdp-p-- Icp-Wmhm-cn-[n-b-tm.
\bpw Xn-bp-amb Fm-Im-cy-fpw Am-lp-hn \nm-sWv hniz-knp--h-cmWv hnizm-kn-I. \a-kvIm-cm-\-cw {]mn-p-hm \_n ]Tn-n-n-pv. Am-lpth \o \In-bXv XS-bp--h-cn-, \o XS-Xv \Ip--h-cp-an-. \o
hn[n-Xv XSp-p--h-cn-, \o hn[n-Xv amn-a-dn-p--h-cp-an-. \ns ASp- Hcp
{]am-Wn-bp-sSbpw {]am-Wn-hpw Hcp i--sbpw inbpw hne-tm-hp-I-bp-an-.
"-Xs ASn-a-Ifn Xm\p-t-in-p--hv Ahs HuZmcyw _m[n-np-p' Fp]-d-Xns hnh-; \njv]--hm-\mb, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mb Am-lp-hn-s\ \njv]-hm-\mbn AwKo-I-cn-p-sImv Ah Ah-t\mSv tNmZn-p-hm-Ww Fm-Wv.
AYhm Ahs HuZm- c yhpw Imcp- W yhpw kamKhpw sFiz- c y- h p- s amw
JpB\ns Bibw Xs-bmWv. AXv a\-n-em-m hfsc Ffp--hpamnbncnp-p. Fm Pnv Iqp-Im-c AXn\nmWvv XS-bp-I. Atm "DS-a-bmb
\mYm, F\nv Adnhv hn-npXmepw' Fv lrZ-bw- sImv {]mn-psImv Ghpw \ kabamb {]`m-X-n Jp-B-\ns Bibw hmbn--Ww.
An-kmAv: 7879, amCZ: 48, bq\p-kv: 99-100 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
bq\pkvv (10)
303
108. ]d-bp-I: Hm a\p-jy-tc, \n-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mY-\n \np "lJv'
k- X yw\nbw \nv hp- I - g n- n- c n- p- p. Atm
BcmtWm B kamKw D]- t bm- K - s - S ppXv Ah
Ahs\sbmWv kamK- n- e mpXv. BcmtWm
Ahs\s hgn-tI-Sn-em-n-bXv, Atm \nbw B hgn-tI-Sns
tZmjhpw Ahv Xs. Rm \nfpsS ssIIm-cy-Im-shmp-a-.
Cu kq-n ]d "lJv'k-XywBb "kamKw' sImp-t-in-pXv Jp-B-\ns BibamWv. Atm a\p-jy-cn BcmtWm AXns\ ChnsS
{Xmkpw Dc--p-ambn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n AXns hn[n-hn-e-p-I ]n]-p-Ibpw
sNp-Xv Ah kamK-n-em-bn--gn-p. Ben-Cw-dm: 101103 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I. Aqd: 17, Jp-B lJpw Xpem-kp-amWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. _Jd:
119,147- AAvdm^v: 89, 203 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I. kzKhpw \c-I-hp-samw sXscs-SppXv Ah-c-h Xs-bm-sWv Cu kqhpw ]Tn-n-p-p. _Jd: 38,
185, 286, An-km-Av: 170, A-Bw: 66, A^m: 24 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
109. \nntev Znhy-k-t-i-ambn \IpXv \o ]n]-p-Ibpw sNp-I.
Am-lp- hn[n I]n-p--Xp-hsc an-p-Ibpw sNp-I. Ah
Xs-bm-Ipp hn[n-Im-fn Ghpw Da.
Ao: 78 , Zo icnpw a\-n-em-bXn\p-tijw \ns Ifhmp--hcp- - t m, Atm Amlp hn[n- I m- f nshv Ghpw \ hn[nImhstbm Fv tNmZn-p-pv. AYhm Jp-B\ns Bibw hp-In-nb-Xn-\p-tijw \_nbpsS PohnXw A\p-K-an-m--h Xs-bmWv \ntj-[n-Ifpw
A{I-an-Ifpw I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-fpw. Ah Ahscs kzbw \in-n-p-I-bp-am-Wv
sNp-Xv. An-km-Av: 115 t\mp-I. Ckm: 23-24 Amlp ]d-bpp:
\nbw \mamWv Cu Jp-B \n\v Lw L-ambn Ah-X-cn-n-p-sIm-n-cn-pXv. Atm \o \ns \mYs hn[nv thn an-p-sIm-p-I. Ahcn\np Ip-hm-fn-If
- mb I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-It- ftbm \n-sI Im^n-dp-It- ftbm A\pk-cn-p-Ibpw sN-cp-Xv. An-km-Av: 140, amCZ: 4445, 47, AAvdm^v: 203, Xu_:
115 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
304
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
11. lqZv
kqd: bq\pkv Ah-X-cn AtXImeL-n a-bn Xs-bmWv CXpw
Ah-X-cn--sXv D-S--n \npw a\-n-em-m-hp--Xm-Wv. Hcp \_n hN-\n Cs\ hn-p-v. A_q-_- \_ntbmSv tNmZn-p: Xm hr-\mbn
hcp-Xv Rm ImWp-p, FmWv AXn\p ImcWw? \_n adp-]Sn ]d-p: lqZpw
AXns ktlm-Z-cn-I-fp-amb A hmJzn-A, \_-Av, XIvho, A lmJ XpS-nb-h-bm-Wv Fs hr-\m-n-bXv. AYhm Cu kqd-p-I-fpsS Bibw hnizm-knIsf \c-n-p-I-fbpwhn[-amWv. kqw 50, BZv P\-X-bn-tev lqZv\_nsb
\ntbm-Kn hnhcw ]d-Xn \nmWv kqd-n\v lqZv Fp \ma-I-cWw sNbvXnp--Xv.
XXz-\n`-chpw kv]-hp-amb Jp-B D]-tbm-K-s-Spn \n- Am-lphn\v thn am{Xw Pohn-pI hgn Cl-]-c PohnX hnPbw t\S-W-sav DWpp. BIm-i-`q-an-I krjvSn-p--Xn\papv Am-lphns knwlm-k\w shnta Bbn-cp-s-pw, a\p-jysc `qan-bn-tev \ntbm-Kn--Xv, Amlphns\
Ip-sImv Ncn-p--Xv BcmsWv ]co-n-p-Xn\v thnbpamWv Fv ]Tnn-pp. Jp-B-\nep-Xv t]mep ]v kqdpI sImp-h-cm krnIsf shp-hn-fn-pp. JpB Inn-bnv D]-tbm-Kn-m A{I-an-I-fp-sS-ta
Am-lp-hns im]-ap-spw Ah ]c-tem-Is \ntj-[n--h-cm-sWpw ]dn-p-v. 25-49 hsc-bp kq--fn \qlv \_n-sbbpw \in-n--s aI\pssS-bp \ntj-[n-I-fmb P\-X-sbbpw Ipdnv ]cm-ainpsImv Am-lphns\ kqnp Pohn--hv am{XamWv \]cyh-km\sapw ]Tn-n-p-p. 50
apX 60 hsc-bp kq--fn, lqZv \_n \ntj-[n-I-fmb Xs P\-Xsb shphn-fn--Xpw, Ah-km\w \ntj-[n-I-fmb B P\-Xsb \in-n--Xpw, hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw
apw c-s-Sp-n-b-Xpw hnh-cn-p-p. 61-68 kq--fn, kzmenlv \_n-sbbpw
YaqZv P\-X-sbbpw Ipdnv ]cm-ain-p-p. 69 apX 76 hsc-bp kq--fn,
C_vdmlow \_n-bpsS ASp-p-h AXn-Yn-I-fmb ae-p-Isfpdnv ]cm-ainp-p. 77 apX 83 hsc-bp kq--fn, eqzv \_n-bpsS ASptev
ZqXam-cmb ae-p-I sN-Xpw, B P\X {]Xn-I-cn--Xpw, Ah-km\w B P\Xsb \in-n-Xpw hnh-cn-p-p. 84 apX 95 hsc-bp kq--fn, jpssl_v
\_n-sbbpw aZvb hmkn-Is
- fbpw Ipdnpw Ah-km\w Ahsc YaqZv P\-Xsbtmse
\in-n-Xpw hnhcnp-p. 96 apX 99 hscbp kq--fn, ^n-Hu-s\bpw
aqkm-sbbpw Ipdnpw hnh-cn-p-pv.
kqw 114-, Av t\cs \a-kvImcw \ne-\np-I-bpw, Ghpw \Xv
lqZv (11)
305
Jp-B\ns Bi-bw sImv Xn-Isf \on-I-f-bp-I, AXmWv Am-lp-hns\
kvacn-p--hsc Hman-n-m-\p--sXpw ]d-n-p-v. Xn hntcm-[n-p-hcnmsX Fm-hcpw {`mam-cmbn amdp-tm-gmWv Hcp- \m-Sns\ \in-n-p-Is
- bpw,
AXv Ah-cpsSXs A{I-aw Imc-WamsWpw ]Tn-n-pp. Jp-B-\ns Bibw
Inn-bnv D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m-h `nn-psIm--n-cnph-cpw \cIn Ipn\n-d-m hn[n--s--h-cpam-sWpw 118-119 kq--fneqsS ]Tn-n-pp. BImi-`q-an-I-fp-sSbpw Ah-n-S-bnep- k-h-kvXp---fp-sSbpw DSabmb Am-lp-hn--temWv Fm-Im-cy-fpw aS--s-Sp--X-v Atm Ah-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-ph-cpw Ah-\n `c-ta]n-phcpamIpI Fv {]Jym-]n-p-sImv 123 kq-fp kqdv Ah-km-\n-pp.
1.
Aen^vemwdmAv. XXz-\n`-c-amb kq--f-S-nb Hcp {K-amIpp CXv. ]ns AXv kv]-hp-am-Wv. bpn-m\nbpw {XnIm-em-\nbpamb- Hcph-\n \nmWv Cu {Kw Ah-X-cn-n-p--Xv.
^pkzn-ev: 23 kq--fn, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-am-b-h\n\nv AhX-cn-n-n-p-- Cu {Knse kq-fpsS Bibw hfsc kv]hpw AXv hmbn- - s - S p- - X v Ad- _ n- b n- e pamWv . P\- Adnhv t\Sp- Xn\pthnbmWv AXv Ah-X-cn-n-n-p-Xv Fv ]-d-n-p-v. Azm-cnJv: 1314
kq-fn, \nbw Cu Jp-B kv]-amb Kuc-h-]qw FSp-t-- hm-p
I Xs-bm-Wv. AsXm-cn-epw Xam-i-bmbn, ]cn-lm-k-am-bn, emL-h-tm-Sp-IqSn
FSp-t hmp-I-f- Fp-]-d-n-p-v. _Jd: 12, bq\p-kv: 1 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
2.
\n Am-lp-hn-\p- th-n- am{Xa-msX Pohn--cp-Xv. \nbw

Rm \nv Ah-\n \np-smcp ap-dn-bn-p-Im-c\pw ktmj-hm- Adn-bn-p--h-\p-am-Wv.
\n \n-fpsS {kmhmb, DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn

Ah-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-cm-hp-I. Ahs apn am{X-amWv \nv
Cl-temI Pohn-Xspdnv H-sm--m-bnv Dcw ]d-bm-\p--Xv. \nbw
Rm Ah-\m \ntbmKn-n-p Hcp XmoXpImc-\pw, hnizm-kn-I-fmb P\-Xv
Hcp ktm-j-hmmZmb-I\pw am{X-am-Ip-p. \n B{i-bn-t-Xv \nfpsS DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hn-s\-bm-WvAmsX Rm \n-fpsS kqn-p-Im-c-s\mp-a-. bq\pkv: 109- ]d kamKw \n D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-I Fv ]dbm-\mWv \_n-tbmSpw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw In-p--Xv. An-bm-Av: 25,
"Rm\msX asmcp Cem-lpan, Atm \n F\n-p-thn am{Xw Pohnph-cmIpI' Fv Znhy-k-tiw \In-bn--m-sX \n\papv Hcp ZqX-s\bpw
\mw Ab-n-n- Fv ]d-n-pv. \lv: 2,36 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Am-cn-bmv: 5051 kq--fn, Atm \n Am-lp-hn-tev hnc-tm-SpI, \nbw Rm
\nv Ah-\n \np hy-amb ap-dnbnpIm-c-\m-Ip-p. \n Am-
306
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
lp-hn-t\m-sSmw asmcp Cem-lns\ Dm-cp-Xv. \nbw Rm \nv Ah\n \np hy-amb ap-dnbnpIm-c-\m-Ip-p Fv ]d-bp-pv. Am-lp-hntev hnc-tm-SpI FXv sImp-t-in-p-Xv Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n-tev
hnc-tm-SpI FmWv. Fm \ntj-[n-I knwl-K\w tIv hnc-tm-S-sSp Imp-I-gp-X-Isftmse, Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n \nv hnc-tm-Sp-sav apn: 4951 ]d-n-p-v. _pdqPv: 15-, Amlp ]pIs]-h-\m-sWpw 21-,
Jp-B ]pIs]--XmsWpw ]dn-p-v. Am-lphpw Jp-B\pw {]hm-N-I\pw
Hm-sWv Xu_: 65- s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n\nv a\-n-em-mw. ^mnl: 4,
Ben-Cw-dm: 101, bq\pkv: 57-58 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
3.
\n \n-fpsS \mY-t\mSv s]mdp-ens\ tXSp-I-bpw, ]ns Ah\n-tev ]m--]nv aS-p-Ibpw sNp-hn--F-n Hcp \nn-XImewhsc Ah \nv D-a-amb hn`-h- \I-Xpw,
t{ijvTX
- b
- p-h
- v Ah-cpsS t{ijvTX
- b\p-kc
- nv {]Xn-êw \Ip-Xp-am-Ipp. C\n \n ]nn-cn-bp-Ib
- m-sW-n-tem, \nbw Rm
\nfpsS-ta Hcp-\m-fnse hn in `b-s-SpIbpw sNpp.
kXyw Jp-B\ns Bi-bw hp-In-p--Xn\papv sNbvX sNdnb sNdnb

Ip--sfmw Jp-B\ns Bibw hmbn-p-I hgn sXm-sWv a\-n-emn
lrZbwsImv Am-lp-hn-t\mSv Gp]dv s]mdp--ens\ tXSp-I-bpw, hIp-v {]mb-nw \In Ah-\n-tev tJZnp aS-p-Ibpw sN-W-sa-mWv
kqw ]Tn-n-p-X
- v. "D-aa
- mb hn`-h
- \Ipsav' ]d-m Jp-B\ns
Bi-bnep PohnXw \bn-p-I-bm-sW-n A\p-h-Z-\o-bhpw ]cn-ip--hp-amb
`W hn`-h- AAvdm^v: 96 ]d--Xpt]mse e`n-p-sapw, Aq:55-
]d--Xpt]mse A[n-Imcw e`n-p-sa-pw, Ben-Cw-dm: 79-s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n
]d--Xpt]mse HuXyw e`n-p-sapw, A-c-m am{X-amWv Ben-Cw-dm:
110 {]Im-c-ap D-a-k-ap-Zm-b-sa-p-amWv. Alv: 97 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
kq-n "t{ijvT-X-bp--hv Ah-cpsS t{ijvTX t\mn {]Xn-êw
\Ipw' Fv ]d--Xns hnh-; \n-fn Ghpw t{ijvT Jp-B ]Tn-pIbpw ]Tn-n-p-I-bp-w sNp--h\m-Wv Fv \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-Xv Xs-bmWv.
Amlp \Inb Fm A\p-{K-l-fpw Ahs Xr]vXn-bn sNe-h-gn-m Ahkc-n-\p-thn {]mn-p-I-bpw, Ah-kcw Inp-tm bmsXmcp aSn-bp-an-msX
AXv sNe-h-gn-pIbpw sNp-Xv hgn Ghpw \-Xns\-Jp-B-\ns\ kXy-sSp-p--hv Ah-s FmImcyfpw Ffp--amnsmSp-p-samWv "D-aamb hn`-h- \Ip--Xm-Ip-p' FXpsImv Dt-in-p--Xv. Ass: 57
kq Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. A-Bw: 155-157, bq\pkv: 26-27 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
PohnXeyanmsX, Amlp \Inb hn`h- Am-lp-hns Xr]vXnbn sNe-h-gn-m Ah-k-c-n-\p-thn {]mn-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw, Ah-kcw Inptm ]nippImWnv aSn-p-\np-Ibpw sNp-- \ntj-[n-Iv Ah-cpsS
lqZv (11)
307
PohnXw ]nim-Nv Ae-m-c-amn sImSp-p--XmWv. ABw: 43 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI. Jp-B\ns\ If-hm-p ]nip-am-cmb A-c-w \ntj-[n-Iv AhcpsS Imcy--sfmw Cl-tem-I-n Xs _pn-ap-mn sImSp-p-sa-mWv
Ass: 810 kq-f
- n ]d-n-pXv. Xzmlm: 124, BcmtWm Jp-B\ns
Bibs Ah-K-Wn-v Pohn--Xv Ahv Cl-tem-Iv IpSp-mb Pohn-X-am-Wp-sX-pw, ]c-tem-Iv Ah Ipcp-S-\mbn ]p\Pohn-n-sSp-sapw ]d--npv. ^mnl: 2, _Jd: 261, AAvdm^v: 2, 32, Xu_: 111 hni-ZoIcWw t\mpI.
4.
\n-fp-sS- aSw Am-lp-hn-te-v Xsbm-Ip-p. Ah Fm-Imcy-n\pw Ign-hp k-i--\patm!
"Ah Fm-Im-cy-n\pw Ign-hp k-i--\patm' Fv]-d--Xn\v

Fm hkvXp-hn-s-taepw Ign-hp k-i
- \
- patm Fpw Bi-ba
- p-v. bmko:
81 Ah "Fm krjvSn-Isfpdnpw' As-n "Fm-Xcw krjvSnpw' Adnbp--h\mWv Fv ]d--Xp-t]mses. _Jd: 284, Ben-Cw-dm: 128-129,
ABw: 94 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
5.
Adn-n-cn-p-I, \nbw AhAh-\n\nv Ah-cpsS amdn-Sfnep-Xv Hfnnm {ian-ptmgpwAdn-n-cn-p-I, Ah

hkv{X- sImv aqSptmgpw Ah- clky-am-p- Hpw ]c-kyam-p- Hpw Adn-bp--h-\m-W-h. \nbw Ah s\p-IfpsS
Ahbdn-bp--h Xs-b-tm.
bq\p-kv: 61 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. AAvdm^v: 28, Ah-cpsS kz`mhw hnhcn-p-Xv C-s\-bmWv: Cu P\samcp \oN-hrn sNbvXm ]d-bp-p, RfpsS ]qn-Iamsc R C-s\-bmWv Inp--Xv, Cn-[w {]hn-m
Amlp Xs-bmWv R-tfmSv In-n-p--Xv Fv. \o Ah-tcmSp ]d-bp-I:
\nbw Amlp Hcn-epw \oN-hr-n-I In-p-I-bn-. \nv Adn-hnm Imcy- \n Am-lp-hnsta ]d-bp-pthm? Pmln-en--nse Ad_n-IfpsSkv{XoIfpw ]pcpjmcpw\-cm-bn-sIm-p IA_m {]ZnWsp
dn-mWv Cu kqw ]cm-ain-p--Xv. P\n--Xp-t]msebmI-ssbv Icp-Xn-sImm-bn-cpp Ah As\ sNbvXn-cp--Xv. AXn-\-h Ah-cpsS ]nXm-amsc
Iqp-]n-Snp-Ibpw Amlp In--Xm-sWv hymPw ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-p.
AtX kabw cm{Xn `mcym- `m-am InS--d-bn Ccp-nem-bn-cn-p-tm
kwtbm-K-ka-bv amdnS Amlp ImWpsav IcpXn hkv{XwsImv aqSpI
]Xn-hm-bn-cp-p. AXns\pdnmWv Amlp ]d-bp-Xv "\n hkv{Xw sImv
aqSp-tmgpw Agn-n-Sp-tmgpw GX-h--bnepw \n-fpsS at\m-ap-Ip-c- hsc
Adn-bp--h-\tm \n-fpsS {kjvSmhv!' Fv. _Jd: 187mw kqw Ah-X-cn-n-psImv CW-I-fmb `mcy-`m-am InS--d-bn ]c-kv]cw hkv{X--fmWv,
AXp-sImv AhnsS \-cm-bn-cn-p-Xn a\-{]-bm-ktam Iptam Icp-tX--Xn,
AXv Amlp A\p-h-Zn--XmWv Fv hnizm-kn-Isf ]Tn-n-p. _Jd: 255 hni-Zo-
308
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
I-cWw t\mp-I.
"Amlp-hn \nv ad-p-hm amdn-S- Hfn-n-p-tm' Fp-]-d--Xv,
"At-l-n \nv ad-p-hm' Fm-sW-n \_nbn \nv Ign-bp-{X
AIp\nm-\pw At-ls ImWm-Xn-cn-m\pw Ah apJw Xncn-p-I-f-bp-Itbm, hkv{XwsImv aqSp-Itbm ad-p-I-f-bp-Itbm sNbvXn-cpp Fm-Wv. \_nsb
t\p-t\sc ImWmXn-cn-m-\pw Xs ZuXyspdnv Ah-tcm-sSmpw ]d-bmXn-cn-m\pw thn-bm-bn-cpp Ah As\ sNbvXn-cp--Xv. Fm Amlp
Ah-cpsS Cu Ah--sbmw Adn-bp-pv FmWv ]d-bp--Xv. \qlv: 56 kq-fn, \qlv \_n Am-lp-hn-t\mSv ]d-m-Xmbn ]d-bp-p: Fs \mYm, Rm
Fs P\-Xsb cmI t`Z-at\y \nn-tev hnfn-p, Fm Fs hnfn Ahcn AI-b-msX hn-n-n-. \o Ahv s]mdp-psIm-Spp-Xn-\p-thn
Rm Ahsc hnfn--tm-sgmw Ah Ah-cpsS sNhn-I-fn hnc Xncp-Ip-I-bpw,
Fs ImWm-Xn-cn-p--Xn-\p-thn hkv{XwsImv ad-p-I-bpw As\ Ah
Al-m-cn Bn-d-p-I-bpamWv sNbvXXv. bq\pkv: 6465 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
6.
`qan-bn Pohn-p Hcp Poh-Pm-e-hp-an-A-Xns `Ww Amlp-hns ]-embnsm-m-sX. AXns ]mn-Shpw Ah-km\w
FhnsS sNs-p-sapw Ah Adnbp-p. Fmw hy-am-sbmcp
{K-n tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p-v.
AI-_q-v: 60 Amlp ]d-bp-p: F{X-sb{X Poh-Pm-e--fmWp-Xv,

Ah Ah-bpsS `Ww t]dnsmv \S-pn, Am-lp-hmWv Ah-sbbpw
\nsfbpw `n-n-p--Xv. Ah Fmw tIp--h\pw Adn-bp--h\patm.
BIm- i - ` q- a n- I - f n- e p Fmhkv X p- X bpw {XnIm- e - m\nbmb Amlp
t\csXs Hcp {K-n tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p-sv Cu kqhpw ]Tn-npp. Fm Poh-Pm-e-pw ka-b-am-Ip-tm `-W-hn-`-h- Hcp-n-sIm-Spp Amlp Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmb a\pjyv `Ww \Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibn. Fm \ntj-[n-I ùXnI Pohn-X-n hn-X-cmbn Fspw ChnsS
hkn-m-sa [mc-W-bn kv hmcn-q-p--Xn\v PohnXw apgp-h sNe-h-gnp--Xmbn ImWmw. hnizm-kn-I, Amlp \Inb A\p-{K-l- D]-tbm-K-sSpn kzKw ]Wn-bp--Xn\v Ah-cpsS Ipd--Im-es PohnXw sNe-h-gn-p-hcpw, ap Poh-Pm-e-pth-n-bp `-W-hn-`-h- Irjn-sNbvXv Dm-p-hcpam-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm: 5, A-Bw: 38, 59, 98, AAvdm^v: 24, Xu_: 51 hni-ZoIcWw t\mp-I.
7.
Ah Xs-bmWv BIm-i--sfbpw `qan-sbbpw Bdp-\m-fp-I-fn

krjvSn--Xv. AXns apv Ahs knwlm-k\w sh-nta-embn-cp-p\n-fn Ghpw `wKn-bmbn Iw sNp-Xv Bcm-sWv
]co-n-p--Xn-\p-th-n. \n ac-W-n\v tijw ]p\Po-hn-n-
lqZv (11)
309
-s-Sp-sav \o Ah-tcmSv ]d-bpI-bm-sW-n \ntj-[n-I- ]d-bpI
Xs sNpw: CXv hy-amb amc-W-a-msX asm-p-a-.
An-bm-Av: 30 Amlp tNmZnp-p: \ntj-[n-I a\-n-em-p-n-t,
\n-b-am-bnpw BIm-i-fpw `qanbpw Hn-n-Sn Ah--bn-em-bn-cp-p. Atm
\mw Ah cn-s\bpw thsSpn Cv ImWp hn[-n kwhn-[m-\n-p-Ibpw, Fm hkv X p- - f psSbpw Poh \ne- \ nm shw A\n- h m- c yLSIamnshp-Ibpw sNbvXp, Atm Ah hniz-kn-p-n-s-tbm. ^pkzn-ev: 11, BImiw cq]-s-Spp--Xn\papv AXv "]pI'\o-cm-hn -bm-bn-cpp
Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Poh\ne\nm sh-w A\n-hm-cy-am-sWv An-bm-Av:
30epw, sh-n\nmWv Poh-\phsbmw krjvSn-s-sXv Aq:
45epw, sh-n \nv krjvSn- a\p-jycn hnhml_--hpw c-_-hpw
Dm-n-bn-p-sv ^pJm: 54epw ]d-n-p-v. BZy-a-\p-jy-\mb BZ-ans
icocw Ifnan\nmWv krjvSn-Xv. ]ns Ahs hwi]c-c A[-a-amb
sh-ns knC-{n-bn \nmn Fv kPZ: 78 ]d-n-p-v.
_Jd: 29 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
Amlp BIm-i-`qanI krjvSn-p--Xn\papv Xs AXnep Poh-Pm-esf krn-m Xocp-am-\n-n-cp-p. tijw BIm-i-`q-anIsf almhnkvt^mS\w
aptJ\ ths-Spn kwhn-[m-\n-Xv, kzX-{-krjvSn-I-fmb Pnp-I-sfbpw a\pjyscbpw `qan-bn \ntbm-Kn-p--Xn\pw, Ah-cn BcmWv Ghpw `wKn-bmbn
AYhm Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv Pohn-p--sXv ]co-n-p--Xn-\pw -th-nbm-Ipp. apIv: 2, ac-Whpw P\-\hpw Dm-n-bXv \nfn BcmWv Ghpw
`wKn-bmbn {]hn-p-Xv Fv ]co-n--dn-bp--Xn\v thn-bmWv Fp-]-dn-p-v. Ilv^v: 7, `qan-bn-ep Fm Ae-m-c-fpw \mw Dmnbn-p-Xv
Ah-cn BcmWv Ghpw \mbn {]hn-p--sXv ]co-n--dn-bm-\mWv Fp]-d-n-p-v. Ckm: 2, \nbw a\p-jys\ \mw BWn-sbpw s]nsbpw
an{in-X-amb C{nb-p-n-bn \nv krjvSn-Xv \aphs\ ]co-n--dn-bp-Xn\p thn-bm-Wv, AXn-\p-thn \mw Ah\v tIhnbpw ImgvNbpw \In. 3,
Atm Ah\v \mw cm-semcp amKwHp-In \-n-{]-I-Sn-n-p--h Asn \n-sI-h
- -sX-sc-s-Sp-phm-\p kzmX{yw \In Fp-w ]-d
npv.
CkvdmAv: 36, \nbw tIhn, ImgvN, _pn-in XpS-nb Fm Hmtcm
A\p-{K-l
- sfpdnpw tNmZyw sN-s-Sp-I Xs sNpsav ]d-n-p-v. "Rm
Adn-nv aqSn-sh \ntj-[n-bm-Wv' Fp]d-bmsX Hcm-sfbpw \njv]--hm-\mb
Amlp \c-I-n {]th-in-n-n-sv kpa: 59, 71 kq-fn ]d-n-pv.
AAvdm^v: 37, bq\pkv: 26 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
Npcp--n kzK-n krnp `qa-nbn-tev \ntbm-Kn--s a\p-jys
Pohn-X-eyw Ah-c-hsc Xncn--dn-b-epw, {kjvSmhns\ Xncn--dn-b-epw, {km-hns
{]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn ChnsS Pohn-epamWv. B Pohn-X-n-tev ap--hsc JpB\ns BibwsImv Wn--ep-am-Wv. As\ kzKw ChnsS ]WnXv, ac-W-
310
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
tm-Sp-IqSn Ah ]WnX kzK-n-tev Xncn-p-t]m-I-epamWv. AYhm Cl-temI-Po-hnXw ]c-tem-I-t-p Irjn-bn-S-am-Wv. Cu eyw ]qo-I-cn-p--h
hnizm-kn-I am{X-am-Wv. Jp-B Inn-bnv Cu eyw a\-n-emn Pohn-m-hscmw Im^n-dmb ]nim-Nns IqsS \c-I
- n-tev t]mIm\phcp-am-Wv. bq\pkv:
8.
Fn--W-mn \n-bn-n-p Hcp Ah[nhsc B insb

\mw ]nn-n-m Ah tNmZn-pI Xs sNpw: FmWXns\
XSv \nn-bXv? Adn-n-cnp-I: AXv Ah-cn kw`-hn-p
\mfn Ah-cn\nv sXn--s-Sp--X Xs. GsXmns kw`hy-Xsbpdn-m-bn-cptm Ah ]cn-l-kn-p-sIm-n-cp--Xv, AXhcn hp`hnpI Xs sNpw.
kpa: 47-48 kq--fn Amlp ]d-bpp: Jp-B-\ns Bibw Innbnv kzbw D]-tbm-Kn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibw ap--hv D]-tbm-Kn-msIm-SpmXncnp-Ibpw sNp A{I-an-Ifmb-hv `qan-bn-ep k-kzhpw A{X-Xs thsdbpw
Inn hn[n-Zn-hknse Zpjn in-bn\nv c-s-S-p-Xn\v ]Icw sImSp-msav shm kzoI-cn-p-I-bn-. Ah IWv IqmsXp-IIqSn Am-lphn\nv Ahv shfn-s-Sp--Xp-am-Wv. Ah km-Zn Fm-Xn--Ifpw Ahv
shf-ns-Sp-Xpw GsXmns kw`-hy-Xsbpdn-m-bn-cptm Ah ]cn-l-kn-psIm-n-cp--Xv, AXh-cn hp`hnpI Xs sNpw. Pmknb: 33- Amlp
]d-bpp: Ah km-Zn Fm-Xn--Ifpw Ahv shf-ns-Sp-Xpw GsXmns
kw`-hy-Xsbpdn-m-bn-cptm Ah ]cn-l-kn-p-sIm-n-cp--Xv, AXh-cn
hp`hnpI Xs sNpw.
"GsXmns kw`-hy-Xsbpdn-m-bn-cptm Ah ]cn-l-kn-p-sIm-n-cp-Xv, AXh-cn hp`hnpI Xs sNpw' Fv ]d--Xns hnh, JpB Inn-bnv AXv hf-sm-Sn-p-Ibpw aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw sNp I]-S-hn-izm-knIfpw Jp-B Fv? Fn-\v? FpsImv? Fsmpw a\-n-em-m {ianmsX AXns\ Xn--d-bp km[m-cW apkvenwIfpw \c-I-n ]n-, Igp-X,
]n-, Ipc-v, s]cp-m-gn, ]mv, tX, XpS-n ]nim-Nn\v cq]w amdm-hp hnhn[
cq]--fnsemamWv ]p\Pohn-n--s-SpI Fv Jp-Bs\ auC-f-mbn FSpp hnizm-kn-I ]d-bp-tm, AXns kw`-hy-X-bn ]cn-l-kn-n-cp I]-Shn-iz-kn-Ifpw \ntj-[n-Ifpw AtX cq]-n Xs \c-I-n ]p\Po-hn-n-sSpw Fm-Wv. hnizm-kn-I am{Xta aqAvan\mb Am-lp-hns cq]-n kzKn {]th-in-p-I-bp-p, Im^n-dmb ]nim-Nn\v Amlphns cq]w am{Xw AYhm
hnizm-kn-bpsS cq]w Hcn-epw kzoI-cn-m Ign-bpIbn-. amCZ: 60, A^m:
3133, bq\p-kv: 11,48 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
9.
\mw \n \np Hcp A\p-{Klw a\p-jys\ cpNn-n-p-I-bpw,

]noSv Ah\n \nv AXv FSp-p-I-fbp-Ibpw sNbvXm, \nbw
lqZv (11)
Ah-\Xm \ncm-i-\pw \n-tISv ImWn-p--h\pambno-cp-p.
10.
311
Xs _m[n Hcp Zpcn-X-n-\p-tijw \mw Ahs\ A\p-{K-l-

cpNn-n-m Ah ]d-bpI Xs sNpw: Xn-Isfmw Fn\nv
\on-tm-bn-cn-p-p. \nbw, A-h\Xm Bm-Z-n aXn-a-d-p- s]m--m-c\mbnocp-p.
sam-n a\p-jy-cpsS kz`m-h-am-Wn-Xv. Fm \-bn kp--cm-hpIbpw Xn-bn Bi-b-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNpI FXv \ntj-[n-I-fpsS kz`m-h-amWv.
hnizm-kn-I "Fm Ah--bnepw Am-lp-hn-\mWv kvXp-Xn, \c-I-ns Ah-bn-e-m--tm-sgmw' F \b-n \ne-sIm-p--h-cm-Wv. ^mnl: 1,
BenCw-dm: 14-15, bq\p-kv: 12, 21 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
11.
a ssIsm-p-Ibpw kI- A\p-n-p-Ibpw sNp-h-scm-gnsI. Aqv ]m]-tam-N-\hpw hn {]Xn-^-ehpapv.
bmko: 11 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Jp-B\ns Bibw ]n]-pIbpw ]c-aIm-cp-WnIs\ ImWmsXIvJp-B\

- ns Bi-b
- nI-v `b-s-Sp-Ib
- pw sNp-hv am{Xta \ns ap-dn-bnv D]-Im-c-s-Sp-I-bp-q. Atm Ah\v ]m]tam-N-\hpw am\y-amb {]Xn-^-e-hp-ap-s ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-p-I. apIv:
12, \nbw X-fpsS \mYs\ Jp-B\ns Bi-b-nIv `b-s-Sp-hv
]m]-tam-N-\hpw hn {]Xn-^-e-hp-ap-sv ]d-n-p-v. A-kzv: 13 Amlp
ImessImv kXywsNbvXv ]d-bpp: hniz-kn-p-Ibpw kI- sNpIbpw a-sImpw Jp-BsImpw Inp-Ibpw sNp-hscmgn-sI-bp
Fm a\p-jy-cpw \-n-em-Wv. Cv a-ssI-sm-pI Fv ]d-m Jp-B\ns Bibw AW--p-]-tbm-Knv ISn-p-]n-Snv ]c-tem-Is IvsImv \nesIm-epw, kIaw sImp-t-in-p-Xv Jp-B-\ns Bibw ap--hv
Fn-p-sIm-Sp--ep-am-Ip-p. AXv Xs-bmWv kz^v^v: 14- hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv
"\n Am-lp-hns\ klm-bn-ph-cmIpI' Fp ]d-Xn\p adp-]-Snbpw
hnizm-kn-bm-Im-\p amK-hpw. Ben-Cw-dm: 200, AAv-dm^v: 170, Xu_: 111-112
12.
Atm, Znhy-k-tiwhgn \n\v e`n-p NneXv \o Hgn-hmntbmw, Cbmsmcp JP-\mhv Cd-s

- -Sm-Xv FmWv, Asn Cbm-tfm-sSmw Hcp aev hcm--sXmWv Fsmw Ah
]d-bp--Xn \ns s\v IpSp-m-hpIbpw sNbvtXmw. \nbw
\osbmcp ap-dn-bnpImc- am{Xam-Ip-p. Fm-Im-cy--fp-sSbpw
ssIIm-cy-I-mhv Amlp Xs-b-tm.
Ilv^v: 6, Cu h-am-\-nJpB\nAh hniz-kn-m-Xns

t]cn ZpxJw]qv \o \ns kzbw \in-n-ph-\m-tbmw Fp- ]d-npv.
312
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Ap-A-dm-Av: 34, Atm Ah hy-amb Cu kq--fn hniz-kn-mXncnp--Xn ZpxJw-]qv \o \ns kzbw \in-n-tmw. \mw Dt-in-n-cp-pshn Ah-cp-sS-ta BIm-i-p-\nsmcp Znhym`pXand-p-I-bpw, AXp-ap-tJ\
AhcpsS ]nc-Sn-I Jp-B\ns BibwsIms hn\o-X-cm-p-Ibpw sNp-am-bncp-p Fp-]d
-
n-p-v. \o an-p-I, \ns a Am-lp-hn\v thn-b
- msXb.
\o Ah-cpsSta Zp:JnpIbpacp-Xv, Ah-cpsS IpX-{--fn \o a\-n-Sp-n-b-h\m-tI--Xp-an- Fv \lv: 127- ]d-n-pv. epJvam: 17-, epJvam Xs
aIs\ D]-tZ-in-Xmbn Amlp ]d-bpp: \o \a-kvImcw \ne\np-I, \sImv I]n-p-I-bpw, Xnsb hntcm-[n-p-Ibpw sNp-I, AXn-s-t]cn \ns
_m[np-Xv an-p-Ibpw sNpI. AY-hm Bfp-Iv CjvS-an Fp-I-cpXn
\o Amlphns ktiw Fn-p-sIm-Sp-m-Xn-cn-p-Itbm, B amK-n
{]bmkw kln-p--Xn a\wapv A\p-`-hn-mt\m ]mSn-. PohnXw aqgp-h Amlp-hn-\p-th-n-bWv Fv \a-kvIm-c-n ^mnl: 4 \o ]d-bp-Xv am\n-psImv Fm-bvtmgpw \ne-sIm-Ww. kzmX Dm-h-cp-Xv, a\ns IpSpv
BmtWm Hgn-hm-bXv Ah am{Xta hnPbw hcn-p-I-bp-q Fv liv: 9-epw,
A-Km-_p: 16-epw ]d-npXv Hman-p-\n-e-sIm-pI. Jp-B-\mWv lZoskv Cu kq-hpw ]Tn-n-p-p. amCZ: 67, A-Bw: 33-35, A^m: 17, bq\pkv: 15-16, 108 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
13.
AtXm Cu Jp-B Atlw sIn-a--Xm-sWv Ah ]d-bppthm? Fn ]dbpI: Atm \n CXp-t]m-ep ]v kqdp-I sIn-a
- p sImp-hcphn, Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsX \nv
km[n-p--h-sc-sbmw AXn-\p-thn hnfn-p-sIm-p-I\n-
kXyw ]d-bp--h Xs-bm-sW-n.
_Jd: 23-24, bq\p-kv: 37-38 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
14.
Atm Ah \nv Dcw \Ip-n-s-n, Fm \nbw

Am-lp-hns Adn-thm-Sp-IqSn XsbmWv Cu Jp-B Cd--snpsXpw, Ah-\-msX thsd Hcp Cemlpan Fpw \n
Adn-n-cnpI. Atm \n Amlphn\v k-kzw kan-h-cm-Im Xm-dmtWm?
"\nv Ah Dcw \Ip-nsn Atm \n Adn-n-cnpI' Fp-]-d-n-Ss "\n', hnizm-kn-I-fm-Wv. \ntj-[n-Iv Hcn-epw
]v kqdv t]mbnv Hcp kqdpt]mepw sImp-h-cm km[y-am-hp-I-bn-.
Atm hnizm-kn-I, Jp-B\ns Imcy-n AXv {km-hn \np Ahs
kwkm-c-amsW-Xn kwi-bn--cp-sX-pw, As\ kwi-bnm Ah Im^ndp-I-fmsWpw, \c-I-n t]mtI-n-h-cp-sapw _Jd: 24 ]d-n-p-v. Amlp-hns Adn-thm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv Cu {Kw Ah-X-cn-n-n-p--sXv AAvdm^v: 52
]d-n-p-v. "Cem-lns\' ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p--Xn\v thn-bmWv Jp-B\nse 6236
lqZv (11)
313
kqfpw Ah-X-cn-n-n-p--Xv Fn-cns, "hnizm-kn-Itf \n GI Cemlmb Amlphn\v k-kzw kanp-h-cm-Ip-n-stbm' FmWv kqw
tNmZn-p--Xv. _Jd: 136, 186, Ben-Cw-dm: 19, 102, lpZv: 2 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
15.
BcmtWm sFln-I-Po-hn-Xhpw AXnse Ae-mcfpw am{Xw Dt-inpXv, \mw Ahv Ah-cpsS Acw {]h-\-v thpI
\Ip--Xpw AXn Ahv bmsXmcp Ipdhpw hcp-p-Xpa-.
16.
Aq-v ]c-tem-I-n \c-I-a-msX asm-p-an-. ChnsS Ah DXv]m-Zn-n-sXmw ]mgmbntmbn-cn-pw. Ah {]hn--psImn-cp--sXmw anYy-bpam-bn-cpp.
tNmZnpI: {]hrn-I \-sSph-cmcm-sWv \mw \nv hnhcw

]d-p-Xc-s-tbm? Ah-cpsS Cl-nse {]bXv\ eyw-]n-g-n-cn-p-p,
Fm Ah IW-p-Iq-p-p, Ah DXv]m-Zn-n-p-Xv Ghpw \-Xm-sWv.
Aq--cmWv X-fpsS DS-a-bpsS kq-sfbpw, Ahs\ Ip-ap-pXnt\bpw
\ntj-[n--h. AXn\m Aq--cpsS {]h-\- ]mgm-bn-tm-bn, Atm
hn[nZnhk-\m-fn \mw Ah-cpsS {]h-\-v bmsXmcp Xqhpw \IpX Fv Ilv^v: 103105 ]d-n-pv. a\p-jy\v Ah Dt-inv {]hn-X-msX C Fv APvav: 39- ]d-n-p-v. {]h-\- kzoI-cn--sSm _Jd: 186- hni-Zo-I-cn cv D]m-[n-I hmbn-p-I. a\p-jy PohnXns
Ggv L--fn \memw L-n-ep `qan-bn-se -\n-tbmKw GgmwL-amb kzKw
]Wn-bm thnbmWv. Atm hnizm-kn-I ^mnl: 4 "R Pohn-pXv \n\vthn am{X-amWv AXn\v R \ntm-Sp-am{Xw klmbw tXSpIbpw-sNpp' Fv ]d-bp-tm; Ggmw L-amb kzw ChnsS ]Wn-bm
Rsf A\p-{K-ln-t-Wta FmWv a\-n-ep-m-tI-Xv. ]c-temIv {]h\- Xqm-\p {Xmkv Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-am-sWv Xncn--dn Ah, ChnsS
Jp-B-\ns\ {Xmkpw Dc-pw sXfnhpw DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Ihpw Ghpw \ ham-\hpw kppwPo-hnX\S-]Sn {Ia-fpwkzK-n-te-p Snpw apsslan\pwFm hn]-n \npw \c-I-s-smpw Im-vkq-n-p-XvBbpw ]cnK-Wn-p-h
- c
- mWv. AAvdm^v: 89 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mp-I. \cIw Inn-bX
- n\v {kjvSmhn-t\tbm ]nim-Nn-t\tbm amXm-]n-Xm--tftbm t\Xm--tftbm am-tc-sb-n-eptam
Ipw ]d-nv Imcy-ap-m-Ip-I-bn-sv Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n \nv a\-n-emn-b-h-cpam-W-h. An-km-Av: 85, 100, AAv-dm^v: 174, 178, Xu_: 67 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
17.
Atm Xs \mY-\n\nv hy-amb sXfnhv e`n HcmAh\n \npsmcp kmyw At-l-n\v hni-Zo-I-cnp sImSp-p-papv. AXn\p apv Camapw ImcpWy-hp-ambn aqkmv \Inb {Khp-ap-v, Aq-cn AXvsImv hniz-kn-p--hcp-v. kwL--
314
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
fn \nv BcmtWm AXns\ aqSnshXv, Atm Ah-t\mSv
hmKvZw sN-s-npXv \c-Iam-Wv. AXvsImv \o AXns Imcyn kwi-bn-p-ItbAcpXv. \nbw AXv \ns \mY-\n \np
kXyw Xs-bm-Wv. Fm P\--fn A[n-I-t]cpw hniz-kn-p-hc.
Cu kq-n "Xs \mY-\n \nv hy-amb sXfnhv e`n Hcm'

FXv sImp-t-in-p-Xv apl-Zv \_n-sb-bm-Wv. Jp-B Inp-Xn\papv
Xs, inv sNmsX "Amlv' F t_m[-n {]Ir-Xn]c-amb Hcp Pohn-XamWv \_n \bn-n-cp--Xv. ]ns kmaq-lnI Npp-]mSv IqSp-X A-Im-c-n-emb-tm lndm Kpl-bn t]mbn [ym\-an-cn-pI-bm-Wp-m-bX
- v. Atm-gmWv Amlp
Pn_vco aptJ\ Jp-B-\m-Ip {]Imiw sImSp--Xv. "Ah-\n\np Hcp
kmyw At-l-n\v hni-Zo-I-cnp sImSp-p-p-v' Fv ]d-Xnse "kmyw'
Jp-B-\m-Wv. ABw: 19 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. \_n ]Tn-n-p: "JpB \n\v
kmn-bmWv As-n \n\-s-Xn kmn-bm-Wv'. AYhm Jp-B\ns Bibs Pohn-n-m AXv \n\v A\p-Iq-e-ambn kmyw hln-p--Xm-Wv. A,
Jp-B HmXpIbpw AXv "AXoZv' F aev tcJ-s-Sp-p-Ibpw, Bi-b-an-m-Xn-\m PohnXw AXn\p hncp--ambnocpIbpw sNbvXm HmXnb Jp-B
\n\-s-Xn-cmbn kmywhln-p--Xm-Wv. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-ap-s-n am{Xsa
"dJo_v' F aev tcJ-s-Sp-p-I-bp-p. AXmWv lZoZv: 12-epw, Xlvcow: 8epw
hnizm-kn-Iv Ah-cpsS he-Xp-`m-Kpw apnepw {]Imiw Dm-bn-cn-p-sav
]d-Xns hnh. Jp-B-\ns Bi-bs {]Im-i-ambn ChnsS\nv kzoIc-m I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-msX icocw Xnv hnn
\nv Av sXdn-p-t]m-Ip thK-n Zo\n \nv sXdn-p-t]mb km[m-cW
apkvenwIfpw, Av hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv {]Imiw tNmZn-p-sav lZoZv:13-- ]d-npv. Bibw Adn-bp I]-Sam, Bibw Adn-bmsX Jp-B HmXn-bmepw
]pWy-ap-sv A\p-bmbn-Isf sXmbn ]Tn-n-pIhgn Ah hnNm-c-W-bn-msX
\c-I-n t]mIp-hcpw A\p-bm-bnIsf \c-I-n-tev ]nSnp-h-enp sImpt]m-Iph-cp-am-Wv. An-km-Av: 140,145 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. Jp-B\ns
Bmhv Bi-b-am-Wv. AXv kzK-nshv Fm-h-scbpw ]Tn-n-n-p--Xp-am-Wv.
AXv a\-n-em-m GXp Fgppw hmb-\bpw ]Tn-m--hpw Ffp--am-nbnpsv Ja: 17 ]d-n-p-v.
AXn\p apv aqkmv \Inb "Camapw Imcp-Wyhpamb {Kw' sImp-tin-p-Xv Xudm-m-Wv. A-Bw: 91-92 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. bYm-hn[n Fnp-sIm-Sp-pI-bm-sWn Aapkvenw-I- Jp-B-\n hniz-kn-p--Xm-Wv FmWv
"Aq-cn AXvsImv hniz-kn-p--hcp-v' Fv ]d--Xns hnh. JpB hp-In-n-bnv AXn hniz-kn-v, AXns hn[n-hn-e-p-I ]npSv Amlp-hns GI-kw-L-n Ds-SmsX; hnhn[ kwL--fmbn ]ncn apkvenwIfn \np kwL-S-\-Ismw \c-I-amWv hmKvZw sNbvXn-p--sX-mWv
lqZv (11)
315
"kwL--fn \nv BcmtWm AXns\ aqSnshXv Atm Ah-t\mSv hmKvZw
sN-s-npXv \c-Iam-Wv'Fv ]d--Xns hnh. ChnsS a\p-jy-cn
\nph Fv ]d-bmsX kwL--fn \np--h Fv ]d--Xn-\m,hnhn[
kwL-S-\-I-fmbn ]ncnv apivcnpIfmbno apkvenwI am{Xta CXn
Ds-Sp-I-bpp Fv a\-nemmw. _Jd: 176 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-pI. Atm
"lJmb' Jp-B \ns \mY-\n \np--Xm-sW--Xn \n\smcp kwi-bhpw
th FmWv \_n-tbmSv Amlp ]d-bp--Xv. Fm P\--fn A[nI-t]cpw
AXn hniz-kn-p-bn-spw Amlp Xs ]d-n-p-v. AlvJm-^v: 10-12
kam-\m-i-bap kq--fm-Wv. _Jd: 121, Xu_: 124-125, bq\p-kv: 94, 108 hni-ZoI-cWw t\m-pI.
Am-lpth, Rv \o Jp-B-\ns\ A\p-Iq-e-ambn kmyw hln-pXpw Rs-Xn-cm-bn-Rv thn hmZn-p-XpwRs-Xncm-bn-Bt-W-ta. Rsf \o Jp-B-\ns\ apn \S-p-- ap-Jo--fmt-Wta. Rsf \o Jp-B-\n-se \ns amKamb kXyw a\-n-emn ]n]p--hcpw ]nim-Nns amK-amb anYy a\-n-emn hPn-p--h-cp-am-t-W-ta.
Rsf \o SnvsImv apI-S--h-tcm-sSm-hpw Jp-B-\ns\ kXy-s-Sp-n-bh-tcm-sSm-hpw \ns kam-[m\ tKl-n {]th-in-n-t-W-ta, Hm, Snv Ah-Xcn-n--ht\! Hm, ]pWy-hm\pw Imcp-Wy-hm-\p-am-b-ht\!
18.
Am-lp-hn-s- t]cn IwsInap ]d-bp--h-t\-m henb

A{I-an-bmbn Bcpv? Aq- X-fpsS \mYs ASp- lmPcm--s-Sp--Xpw, Cq--cmWv X-fpsS \mYs t]cn Iw ]dn-cpsXv kmn-I samgn \Ip--Xp-amWv. Adn-n-cn-pI, A{I-an-I-fp-sS-ta Am-lp-hns im]-apv.
Xu_: 115, bq\pkv: 17, 47 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. tZtl-sb ]n]-p

C-c-msc D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amw hcm \mb-tbmSmWv AAvdm^v:
176 D]-an-n-p--Xv. Amlphns apn Pohn-X-nse Hmtcm \nan-j-s-pdnpw Dcw t_m[n-n-t-n-h-cn-Itbm cm-in--I t\cn-tS-n-h-cn-Itbm
C. As-n kzKhpw \c-I-hp-samw hnim-e-am-Wv, AXn-tev Amlp Ah\n-jvS-ap--hsc {]th-in-np--Xp-amsWv ]dv Am-lp-hns \njv]--hm
dlvamF KpWs Xn--d-bp-- Amlp sImp If, i]n-, tIm]n,
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sfmw Xs Am-lp-hns t]cn Iw sIn--ap ]d-bp
A{I-an-Ifpw sXm-Sn-I-fp-am-Wv. AAvdm^v: 150, Xu_: 67 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Jp-B Inn-bnv AXv ]n]-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw, AX-\p-k-cnv hn[n-I]n-mXn-cn-p-Ibpw, Jp-B aptJ\ \mi-- hn-m CS-h-cn-Ibpw sNp--h
Xs-bmWv A{I-an-I. C-kvdmAv: 82t\mpI. Acw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf XsbmWv Amlp i]n-n-p--Xpw, i]n-m Al-X-bp-h-scmw i]n-n-p-Xpw. "\ns tIm]hpw im]hpw hjn--h-cpsS amK-n Rsf \bn-t'
316
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
F Ai-b-n-ep ^mnl: 7mw kqw Dcp-hn-Sp-tm Jp-B\ns hgnbn \nvA-m-lp-hns amK-n\nvP\-sf XS-bp Cu I]-S-hn-izm-knI-sf-bmWv hnizm-kn-I a\-n Icp-tX--Xv. AAvdm^v: 37-38, Xu_: 125 kq-fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
19.
Am-lp-hns amKn\nv P\-sf XS-bp-Ibpw, AXns\

h{IoIcn-p-hm {ian-p-Ibpw, ]c-tem-Is \ntj-[n-pIbpw
sNp-h-cmWh.
AAvdm^v: 44-45 kam-\m-i-b-ap kq--fm-Wv. Am-lp-hns amK-saXv Jp-B\ns Bi-b-am-Wv. A-Bw: 125126 t\mpI. AXv a\-n-em-m\mWv Ffp-am-n-bn-p--sXv kqd: Ja-dn \mev {]mhiyw Bhnv Amlp
]d-bp-p-v. Fm km[m-cW P\-Xv AXv a\-n-em-In-sv ]d-p-sImv
kzK-n-te-p B GIamK-n \nv(_-Jd: 38 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I)
P\sf hgn-]n-g-nv ]nim-Nns amK-n Ncn-n-p t\Xm-amcmWv B
A{IanI. An-km-Av: 59s I]\v hncp--ambn Ahsc A\p-k-cn-p,
Xu_: 31 ]d thZm-cpsS kz`mhw ]n]-p apkvenw km[m-c-W-mcpw
A{I-an-I-fns]-h Xs-bm-Wv. Xu_: 34mw kqs Ah-K-Wn-p-sImv
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb Ccw A{I-an-Ifmb a\p-jy-]n-im-Np-sf Xon-tm-p-Ibpw
A-ambn ]n]-p-IbpamWv Ah sNp--Xv. Ah ]c-tem-I-n hniz-knm--hcmWv Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-, Cl-tem-Inse ]Xn\v hb-n-\pti-ja
- p Hmtcm \nan-jspdnpw H-sm-
- mbn(A-Bw: 94) DS-ab
- psS apn
Dcw ]d- t b- n- h cpw F Pohn- X - e yw ad- p- I - f Nn- b n- m
{`mamcmsWmWv. _Jd: 166-167, AAvdm^v: 40-41 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
20.
Aq- `qan-bn Am-lp-hns\ tXm]n--p-h

- s
- cmpa-, Ahv
Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsX c-IcmcpwXs Dm-bn-cn-p-I-bp-an-.
Ahv in Ccnnv sImSpp- Xpam- W v. Ahv
Clnshv Dm- g v N - Z m- b - I - a mb Jp- B \ns Bibw
tImt\m ImWmt\m km[n-n-cp--n-.
A^m: 22, 55 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Am-lp-hns\ kwc--I-\mbn

sXsc-s-Sp-p--h hnizm-kn-I-fm-Wv, Am--hscmw Xs ]nim-Nns hnhn[
in-Ifmb "XmKq-n\v' ASn-a-s--h-cm-Wv. _Jd: 257 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Ah kzbw hgn-]n-g--Xn\v Hcpin, ap--hscqSn hgn-]n-g-n-Xn\v Ah-cpsS
inm-`m-c-ns Hmtcm- `m-K-hpaSw Cc-n Cc-nbmbn \Ip--Xm-Wv. Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-nv kzK-n-te-p Snv sImSp-m--h-scmw Xs
]nX-eapdIv Im^n-dmb ]nim-Nns Xmh-f-amb \c-I-n-te-p hgn hntp-t]m-Ip- A{I-an-Ifpw sXm-Sn-If
- p-am-Wv. An-km-Av: 85, AAvdm^v: 37-39, Xu_:
lqZv (11)
317
Jp-B\ns Bibssmv In\v Hcp aqSn Dm-bn-cp--hcpw, JpB\ns Bibw tIm km[n-m--h-cp-am-bn-cp Im^n-dp-ImWv \cIw
ASp-n-p-I-sbv Ilv^v: 100-101 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. ^Pv: 23-24 Iqn-hmbn-p-I. Ccw Im^n-dp-Isf \c-I-ntev hen-s-dn-bp-tm Ah kzbw ]dbp--Xm-Wv, Hm, R Jp-B\ns Bibw tIp-hcpw As-n _pnbp-]-tbm-Knv Nnn-p--h-cpambn-cp-pshn R Cu In-bm-fp \c-Ins kl-hm-kn-I-fm-Ip-am-bn-cp-n-tm Fv apIv: 610 ap-dn-bnv \Inbn-p-v. AAvdm^v: 179, 203, Xu_: 55, 85 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
21.
Aq--cmWv Xsf kzbw \jvS-s-Sp-n-b-Xv. Ah sIn--ancpsXm-sbpw Ah-cn \nv ]ngp-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cnpp.
kzKhpw \c-I-hp-samw Ah-c-h Xs km-Zn-t--Xm-sWv Cu

kqhpw ]Tn-n-pp. Am-lp-hn \np kamK-amb Jp-B\ns Bibw
D]-tbm-Knv hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-p-Ibpw, sXmb [mc-W-I-sfmw acn-p-Xn\papvXs Xncp-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-n-s-n ac-W-k-a-b-p Ah- ABw: 9394 hni-Zo-I-cWn hmbn-p-I. bq\pkv: 7-8 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
22.
kwi-b-an-, \nbw Ah Xs-bm-bn-cn-pw ]c-tem-I-n Fmw

\jvS-s--h.
AAvdm^v: 178, Xu_: 80, bq\pkv: 82 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Am-lpth, Rsf \o Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]n]-t--hn[w ]n]-p-hcpw hnP-bn-I-tfm-sSmw kzK-n {]th-in-n-p--h-cp-am-t-W-ta. Rsf
\o Jp-B-\ns\ Ah-K-Wnv Pohn-pI hgn Fmw \jvS-sv \c-I-n B]Xnp--h-cm--cp-tX. Hm, Icp-W-sN-p--h-cn Gw Icp-W-sN-p--ht\!
23.
\n-b-am-bnpw hniz-kn-p-Ibpw kIa A\p-n-p-Ibpw,

X-fpsS \mY\v a\-m--hm-Nm--IaWm hnt[-b-cmbn Pohn-p-Ibpw
sNp-hc
- p-tm Aq-c
- m-Ipp kzK-hm-kn-I
- , Ah-cX
- n \nXyhm-kn-I-fp-am-Ip-p.
"apJv' Fp-]-d-m Xe-tm-dm-Wv. apJv_n-o Fm a\-m--hm-Nm-IaWm {kjvSm-hn\v hn-t[-b-am-b-h Fm-Wv. AYhm aplvkn-\o Am-lphns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p--h. "apPvcnw' F-Xn\v t\sc hn]-co-X-am-Wn-Xv.
ABw: 48, 157, Xu_: 71-72 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. hnizm-kn-I Ftmgpw
{]mn-t--XmWv: Am-lp-th, Rsf \o a\-m--hm-Nm--IaWm \n\v
Iogvs-Sp--h-cm-t-W-ta, Rsf t_m[-an-m {`mam-cn Ds]-Sp--cptX,
Rsf ]pWym-m--tfm-sSmw kzK-n {]th-in-n-t-Wta, Rsf \c-In \npw AI-t-W-ta.
318
24.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
cv hn`m-K--fpsS D]-a, A\pw _[n-c-\p-amb Hcp-h, ImgvNbpw
tIhn-bp-ap asmcph. Ch cp-t]cpsSbpw D]a kaamIptam?
Atm \n lrZbwsImv Hmanv ]mT-apsm-p-n-stbm?
kzK-n-tev t]mIp hnizm-kn-sbbpw, \c-I-n-tev t]mIp \ntj[n-sbbpw Nn{Xo-I-cnncnp-Xv Hcm ImgvN-bp--h\pw tIhn-bp--h-\p-am-Wv,
asm-cp A\pw _[n-c-\p-amWv Fm-Wv. AXm-bXv \c-I-n-te-phv
ChnsS tIhnbpw ImgvNbpw Cm F, adnv AhcpsS tIhnbpw ImgvNbpw
Jp-B-\ns Bibw tIm\pw ImWm\pw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-I-bn Fm-Wv.
ABw: 36 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. kPZ: 18, Atm hnizm-kn-bmb Hcm
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-bmb Hcmsftmse-bm-Iptam? Ah cp-t]cpw ka-am-hp-I-bn Fv
Amlp Xs ]d-n-p-v. ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is CjvS-Zm-kam-cpsS kz`mhw hnhcn-p ^pJm: 73, Ah X-fpsS \mYs kq- lrZ-b-ns `mjbn Hman-n--s-Sp-tm AXp-sIms _[n-cam-cpw, Aam-cp-ambn hogpI-bnsv ]d-n-p-v. ^pkzn-e-v: 44, hnizm-kn-Iv Jp-B kamKhpw
tcmK-i-a-\-hp-am-sWv ]d-n-p-v. Am--hv Ah-cpsS sNhn-I-fn JpB\ns Bibw sIms Hcp aqSn-bpw, Ah AXp-sIms A-cp-am-sWpw
]d-n-p-v. Ah hnZq-c--ev \nv hnfn-sSp--hsctmse-bmWv Jp
B\ns Bibw tIp-I. Ckvdm-Av: 82, hnizm-kn-Iv Jp-B ImcpWyhpw tcmK-i-a-\-hpam-sW-pw, A{I-an-Iv AXv \jvS-a-msX hn-n-p-Ibn-spw ]d-n-pv. ABw: 36, AAvdm^v: 46-47, 179, A^m: 24, Xu_:
95, 124-125 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
25.
\nbw \mw \qlns\ At-l-ns P\-X-bn-tev \ntbm-Kn-n-pm-bn-cp-p. Atlw ]d-p: \nbw Rm \nv hy-amb
ap-dn-bnp-Imc\m-Ip-p.
26.
\n Am-lp-hn\v thn am{XamsX Pohn-p--h-c-mI-cp-Xv.

\nbw \nv Hcp-\m-fnse thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in _m[n-psav Rm `b-s-Sp-p.
lqZv: 23 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-pI.
27.
Atm At-l-ns P\-X-bn \np \ntj-[n-I-fmb {]am-Wnam adp-]Sn ]d-p: R \ns, R-sf-tm-epsmcp a\pjy\mbn-msX ImWp-n. R-fn \np \oXam ho-phn-Nm-c-an-m-sX \ns ]n]-p-hcmbn-pamsX R \ns
ImWp-p-an-. R-tf-m bmsXmcp t{ijvTX
- bpw \n-fn ImWpp-an-. F-, \n Ifhp]d-bp-hcm-bn-mWv R Icp-XpXv.
lqZv (11)
319
28. Atlw ]d-p: Fs P\-ta, \n Nnn-n-ptm? Rm Fs
\mY-\n \np Hcp sXfn kmy-nta-emWv \ne-sIm-p-Xv. F\nv Ah-\n \np ImcpWyw e`n-p-pap-v. \n
AXvsIms- A--cm--s-n-cn-p-p. \n AXv AwKo-I-cn-m
shdp-p-h
- c
- m-bn-cns \mw \n_-]
- qw \n-sfsmXv AwKoI-cn-n-p-Itbm?
ChnsS "Fs \mY-\n \np ImcpWyw' sImp-t-in-pXv lqZv: 17
]d kmn-bmb Jp-B- Xsbm-Wv. kqw 24 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. kqKvdp^v:
7778- Jp-B-\ns Bibw Inn-bnv D]-tbm-Kn-m {`mam \c-I-ns
]mdm-hp-Im-cpsS t\Xm-hmb "amen-Ins\' hnfnv \ns dv R-fpsS IY-bv Ignp-sIm-s Fn\m sXmen Dcp-Ip-tm ]pXnbXv shp-Xv Rsf Cs\
ITn-\-ambn inn-p-Xv Fv An-km-Av: 56 kq-{]-Imcw tNmZn-p-tm
\nbw kXyhpw sImv R \n-fn hn-p-m-bn-cpp Fm \nfn A[n-I-t]cpw kXy-tmSv shdpv ImWn-p--h-cm-bn-cpp. AXv sImv ImemImew Ahn-sS-Xs Ign-p-sIm-pI Fv ]d-n-p-v. Am-lp-hns kXw
IqSmsX Hcmpw hnizm-kn-bm-Im km[-np-I-bn-sv bq\pkv: 99-100 s hniZo-I-c-W-n ]cm-ain-n-p-v. AAv-dm^v: 4-0 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-pI.
29.
Fs P\-ta, Cu ZuXy-ns t]cn Rm \n-tfmSv [\-sampw

tNmZn-p-n-tm. Fs {]Xn-êw Am-lp-hns ]-e
- msX A.
Rm hnizm-kn-Ifmb-hsc Bntbm-Sn--p--h-\p-a-. \nbw Ah
AhcpsS \mYs\ Ip-ap-p---h-cm-Ip-p. \nbw Rm \nsf
ImWp-Xv Ahn-thInI-fmb Hcp P\-X-bm-bnpamIpp.
\_nbpsS apn-ep am apivcnv t\Xm-fpw, \qlv \_n-tbmSv At-lns P\-X-bnse \ntj-[n-I-fmb {]am-Wn-am ]d AtX hmp-I-fmWv ]dn-cp--Xv. AXn\p adp-]-Sn-bm-bn-mWv A-Bw: 52 Ah-X-cn--sXv a\-n-em-mhp--Xm-Wv. bq\pkv: 72, 105-106 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-pI
30.
Hm Fs P\-ta, Rm Ahsc Bn-b-I-p-I-bm-sW-n Am-lphn \nv Fs klm-bn-m Bcm-Wp-m-hp-IAtm \n

lrZbwsImv kvacn-p-nstbm?
_Jd: 152 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-pI.
31. Am-lp-hns JP-\m-hp-I Fs ]em-sWv Rm \n-tfmSv ]dbp-n-. F\nv AZr-iy-Im-cy- Adn-bp-sapw Rm \n-tfmSv
]d-bp-n-, \nbw Rm Hcp ae-m-sWpw \n-tfmSv ]d-bp-n.
\n-fpsS Ip-I-fn \nm-c-cmbn ImWp-h Bcm-tWm, Ahv
Amlp bmsXmcp \bpw \IpIbn Fpw Rm \n tfmSv
320
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
]d-bp-n-. Ah-cpsS a\-n-ep-Xv Gw Adn-bp-h
- Amlp Xsbm-Ipp. As\sbm\pw Rm ]d-bp-I-bm-sW-n \nbw
Rm A{IanIfn s]h Xs-bm-bn-cn-pw.
A-Bw: 52mw kqw Ah-km-\n-p-Xv, hnizm-kn-I-sf Bn-b-I-n-bm

Atm \o\_nA{I-an-I-fn s]-h Xs-bm-bn-cnpw F Bi-b-tm-SpIq-Sn-bm-Wv. A-Bw: 50, bq\p-kv: 17, kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
32.
Ah ]d-p: Hm \qlv, \o R-tfmSv A[n-I-cn Xw \S-n-btm, C\n \o RtfmSv hmKvZw sNbvX B in sImphcn-I\o kXyw ]d-bp--h-cns]-h Xs-bm-sW-n.
33. Atlw adp-]Sn ]d-p: \nbw \nXv Amlp Xs, Ah

Cn-m sImp-h-cpw. \n Ahs\ ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-p--h-scmp-a.
lqZv: 20 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-pI.
34.
Rm \nv h KpW-hpw Dtin-m Xs, Amlp \nsf

ey-t_m[w \jvS-s-Sp-m Dt-in-n-p-s-n Fs Dtiyw
\nsmcp D]-Imchpw sNpIbn. Ah-\m-Ipp \n-fpsS DSa, Ah-\n-tev Xs-bmWv \n Xncn--b-sSpXpw.
kamKw Hmtcm-cp-cpw Ah-chcpsS DS-a-tbmSv tNmZnphmt--Xm-sWmWv C_vdm-low: 1 ]d-n-p-X

- v. Ben-Cw-dm: 128-129, AAvdm^v: 178, bq\pkv:
107 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
35.
AtXm, Cu Jp-B Atlw sIn--a--Xm-sW-v Ah ]d-bp-pthm? Ah-tcmSv ]d-bpI: CXv Rm kzbw sIn--a-Xm-sW-n,
Atm B {`mns D-c-hmZnw F\n-m-Wv. \nsf {`mn
AI-s-Sp-p--Xns D-c-hm-Zn--n \nv Rm hnap-\pamIp-p.
`hn-jy-ns\pdnv bmsXmcp `b-hp-an-m {`mam-cmWv Am-lp-hns

ta Iw sIn-av ]d-bp-I, As-n Am-lp-hns kq- Inn-bnv
AXns\ Xn--d-bp-I. Atm Rm bmsXmcp `hnjypw `b-s-SmsX JpB sIn--av ]d-bp-I-bm-sW-n AXns tZmjw Rm Xs hln-t-nhcpw. Fm Cu Jp-B kXyamhp-Ibpw, bmsXmcp Nn-bpanmsX \n
AXp-sIms {`mamsctmse-bp kao-]-\-hp-amWv kzoI-cn-p--sX-n,
AXns tZmj-n F\nv bmsXmcp D-c-hm-Zn--hp-an- Fp-]-d-bm-\mWv
Cu kqw aptJ\ \_n-tbmSpw hniz-kn-I-tfmSpw ]dbp--Xv. bq\p-kv: 17, 40-41,
lqZv: 13-14 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
lqZv (11)
321
36. \qlntev Znhy-k-tiw \I-s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Fs-m,
\nbw \ns P\-n Ctm hniz-kn-p-I-gn-n-p--h-c-msX
C\n-bmcpw hniz-kn-p-I-bn-. Atm \o Ah-cpsS sNbvXn-I-fn
Bi-b--h-\mImXn-cn-pI.
bq\pkv: 88, lqZv: 5 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
37.
\psS tat\m--nepw Znhy-k-t-i-a-\p-k-cnpw \o Hcp I

]Wnbp-I. A{I-an-I-fm-b-h-cpsS Imcy-n FtmsSmpw Bh-iys-SpIbpacp-Xv. \nbw Ah H-Sw apnsm--stSh-cmIpp.
Am-lp-hns -k-tiw ]q-ambpw Fn-p-gn- Hcp P\-Xbn\nv

hn-izm-kn-I DS-se-Spm-\p km[yX Csv a\-n-em-bm, {XnIm-e-m-\nbmb Am-lp- {]hm-N-I-s\-smv Ahs-Xnsc {]mn-nv in \S-mpI F-XmWv Am-lp-hns Ncy Fv A^m: 33 s hni-Zo-Ic
- W
-
- n\nv
a\-n-em-mw. Cv temIv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwLan, Ds-n Ahv
A[n-Imcw \Ip-sa-v Aq: 55epw An-bm-Av: 105epw ]d-n-p-v. Fm
C\n Ckvemans\ ambvp-I-f-bp ako-lp--m-emWv I{]hm-N-I-\mbn hcp-Xv. apkvenw kap-Zm-b-nse I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmWv Ahs\ klm-bn-p-Ibpw B\bn-p-Ibpw sNp-I. tijw Cukm \_n hcn-I-bpw, ako-lp--m-ens\ h[n-pIbpw sNbvXtijw temI-p-samw Ckvemw \Sn hcp--Xm-Wv. Av hnizmkn-I I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf h[n-p-sImv Xu_: 123s I]\ \S-n-em-p-Xpam-Wv. tijw hopw temIw \ntj-[-n-tepw Acm-P-I-Xz-n-tepw \opXpw, Ah-km\w Hcp hnizm-kn-t]mep-an-msX Fm-hcpw A{Ian-Ifpw [nm-cn-Ifp-ambn amdp-tmgmWv temIw Ah-km-\n-p-I. A-Bw: 47, bq\pkv 82 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
38.
I \nm-W-ntes-ncns At-l-ns P\-nse {]amWn-am AXn-\Sp-p-IqsS \S-p-t]m-b-tmsgm-s, Atls

AXns\pdnv]cn-l-knp. Atlw ]dp: Cv \n Rsf
]cn- l - k n- phcmsW- n, \nbw AXp- t ]mse R
\nsfbpw ]cn-l-kn-p-XmWv.
39.
Atm ASp-p-Xs \n Adn-bpI Xs sNpw, BmWv

G-hpw \ny-amb in hsp-I-sb-pw, Bcn-emWv mbn-bmb
in _m[n-p-I-sbpw.
{XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Am-lp-hns Ncy-bmb Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n

\n,v Imcy-Im-cW_--Xo-X-ambn {]hn-p--h-\mWv Amlp Fv
a\-n-em-m I]Shnizm-kn-I {]hm-N-Iam-cpsS Imev \S Ccw kw`-
322
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
h--fn \nsmpw ]mTw ]Tn-p-I-bn-. bq\pkv: 5758 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.

Ah DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Ihpw kam-\-amb D]-tam-Zm-l-c-W-fp-ambn Jp-B\ns
Bibw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-msX, Fm Imcy-fpw ùXn-IZrjvSn-IsImv am{Xw
t\mn-m-Wm DX-Ip hn[-n Jp-B-\n\v hni-Zo-I-cWw \Ip--Xmbn
ImWmw. A-ln-m-n ako-lp--mens \missXmv Am-lp-hn-t\mSv
A`bw tXSpp-s-n-epw Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-an-m--Xn-\m Ah Xs-bmWv
Ahs kzKw sXsc-s-Sp-v Ahs sIWn-bn AI-s-Sp--h. Jp-B\ns Bibw aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw krjvSn-I-fpsS CXc {K- {]N-cn-n-p-Ibpw
sNp Ccw \ntj-[n-I ac-W-k-a-bv kz-n-s\-Xn-cm-bnv R Im^ndmbn-cppshv kzbw kmyw hln-p- cwKw AAv-dm^v: 37- hmbn-p-I.
Ah \a-kvI-cn--Xn\pw t\mv t\m-Xn-\pw Jp-B-\n-s\bpw apl-Zv \_n-sbbpw
P\-a-y-n ]cn-l-kn--Xn\pw ]ng-bm-bnv hnNm-c-W-bn-msX \cIn t]mIpsav Xu_: 53-55, 65 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I.
aqkm \_nsb Adnhv ]Tn-n-m \ntbm-Kn--b--s, Am-lp-hns ]
\nv {]XyI Adnhv e`nn-p, "Jnfvdn's {]hr-n-I aqkmv Xs {]Xy-n sXm-bn-mWv A\p-`-h-sXv. AXns bYm hni-Zo-I-cWw Jnfv \Inb-tm- am{XamWv aqkm \_nv AXpsmm km[y-am-b-Xv. Ilv^v: 6582
kq- t\mp-I. {XnIm-e-m-\-amb Jp-B\ns Bibw DIm-gvm-Zm-bIambn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-hv am{X-amWv bYm Adnhv e`n-p--Xv. Ah
am{XamWv Am-lp-hn\pthn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-cpw, Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fpw.
Jp-B\ns Bi-b-wsIms In\p aqSn Dm-bn-cp Ilv^v: 100101 ]d
Im^n-dp-IfpsS aqSn FSp-p-I-f-bp-sapw, Atm At-Zn\w Ah Fmw XojvW-ambn ImWp-sapw Jm^v: 22 ]d-n-p-v. Bm-hns `-Whpw hkv{Xhp-amb Jp-B\ns Bi-bw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--h am{X-amWv _pn-amam.
Am--h-scmw aqVamcpw Cl-tem-I-Po-hnXw tamSn]nSnn-p--Xn-\p- hnZym`ymkw t\Sp-h-cp-am-Wv. AAvdm^v: 53, 175-176, bq\pkv: 108-109, lqZv: 8 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
40.
As\ \psS I]\ hsp-I-bpw, ASp-n Ddh s]mp-Ibpw

sNbvX-tm \mw ]d-p: Fm Hmtcm Poh-Pm-e--fn\npw Hmtcm
tPmSnsbbpw, \ns IpSpw-_s
- bpw- B-cp-sS-ta-emtWm hN\w apIS-Xv Ah-scm-gnsI, hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw B I-en Ib-n-sIm-p-I.
At-ltm-sSmw hniz-mknIfm-bnv Ipd-p-t]-cmsX Dm-bncppan.
bq\p-kv: 7173 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. ss__n-fns hni-Zo-I-c-W-a\p-k-cnv

\qlv \_n- \nn Ien\v apv Xp-I-fm-Wp-m-bn-cp--Xv. ASn-bnse Xn
Pp-hK--fn \np Hmtcm tPmSnsbbpw, a[yn hnizm-kn-I-fmb a\pjyscbpw, apIfnse Xn ]n-I-fn \np Hmtcm tPmSnsbbp-am-bn-cpp
lqZv (11)
323
Ib-n-bn-cp--Xv. Hcp {]tXyI ASp-n\nv Ddh s]mn-sbm-gnInsmm-bn-cpp
{]fbw Bcw-`n--Xv, ]ns I\ ag- XpSpIbpw, `qan-bn k{X Dd-h-I
s]mn-sbm-gp-IpIbpw sNbvXp. ASp-n\nv shw s]mn-sbm-gn-In-bXv am{Xta
ChnsS ]d-n-p-q, Fm kqw 44, ag hjn--Xn\v sXfnhv e`n-ppv. Ja: 11-12, tImcn-sm-cn-bp t]am-cn-bm \mw BIm-i-ns Ihm-S Xpd-p, `qansb {]k-hn-nv ]pg-Ifm-n, As\ hn[n--sncpImcyw
\nhn- p- - X n- \ p- t hn Pe- s am- s bpw IqSn- t p Fp- ] - d n- p- v .
apAvan\q: 27, CtX-Imcyw ]cmainpp-v.
\ns IpSpw-_mwK-fn\nv BcpsS t]cn-emtWm hN\w apI-S-Xv Ahscm-gnsI Fp-]d
-
Xv, kqw 45 ]d \qlns Hcp aI-s\bpw, Alvcow:
10, \ntj-[n-Iv amXr-Ibmbn FSp-p--cn \qlns Hcp `mcysbbpw IpdnmWv. Ahscns-bmWv lqZv: 37 A{I-an-Isfpdnv FtmSv kwkm-cn-t-Xn Fv Amlp ]d--Xv.
_Jd: 213 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. AI-_qv: 14 {]Imcw sXmm-bncn A]Xv hj-mew {]t_m-[\w \S-nbnpw GXm\pw Nne hnizm-kn-I
am{X-amWv hnizmkw kzoI-cn--Xv. \qlns IpSpw-_-n\v ]pdsa Xs P\-X-bnse
hnizm-kn-I-fmb Hcp hn`m-Khpw {]f-b-n \nv c-s-n-p-sv Jp-B
Htsd e--fn hy-am-n-bn-cn-pp. \qlns ]p{Xam-cpsS am{X-a-, Ien Ib-nb Fm-h-cp-sSbpw km-\-]-c--c-bmWv ]nm-ev hn-p a\pjy-kaql-sav JpB m]n-n-p-v. Ckvdm-Av: 3-, \qln-t\m-sSmw Ien hlnhcpsS k-Xn-I-fn s]-h-cmWv Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I-sfv ]dn-p-v. bmko: 41, \nbw \nds I-en \mw c-s-Sp-n-b-hcpsS ]nKm-an-I-fmWv Ch-scvam apivcnp-I-sf-v Ahsmcp Zr-jvSm--astbm Fp-tNm-Zn-p-p-v. adn-bw: 58, Aq--cmWv Am-lp-hns A\p-{Kl-n\v ]m{Xo`qX-cmb, BZ-ans k-Xn-I-fn\npw \qlns Ien cs-Sp-n-b-h-cn\npw C_vdm-lo-an-s-bpw, bAvJq_n-sbpw km\-fns]h-cp-amb \mw amK-Zi\w sNpIbpw, sXsc-s-Sp--Ibpw sNbvX \_nam.
Ah-cp-sS-ta ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is kq- hni-Zo-I-cnp sImSp-m Ah
IcpsImv kpPqZn hogp-X
- mWv Fp-]d
-
npv. ^mnl: 6, AAvdm^v:
64, bq\p-kv: 103 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
41.
\qlv ]d- b pIbpw sNbv X p: AXn Ib- d p- h n, Am- l p- h ns

\mawsIm-mWv AXns km-chpw AW-bepw. \nbw Fs
\mY Gsd s]mdpp-- Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[nb-tm.
Hcp kXy-hn-izmkn GsXmcp {]hr-nbpw Bcw-`n-p-Xv Am-lp-hns

\mawsImm-bn-cn-pw. Ah-s\bpw Ahs Fm-Im-cysfbpw Ah-\n Xs`c-ta]n-p-Ibpw sNp-w. Atm-gmWv kkzw Am-lp-hn\p kan bYm
apkvenam-Ip--Xv. Ben-Cw-dm: 102, lqZv: 23 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
324
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
42.
ae-I t]mep Xnc-am-e-I-fn AXv Ah-scbpw sImv k-cn-pI-bm-bn. \qlv Atl-ns aIs\ hnfnp]dp: A-h A]w
Zqsc Hgn-sm-cn-S-m-bn-cp-p-Hm Fs aI-t\, \o R-tfm-sSmw
Ib-dp-I, \o Hcn-epw \ntj-[n-I-tfm-sSm--am-Im-Xn-cn-p-I.
43.
Ah adp-]Sn ]d-p: sh-n\nv Fs cn-p Hcp aebn Rm A`bw tXSn-sm-mw. \qlv ]d-p: CtZn\w Amlp- h ns I]\bn\nv cn- p bmsXm- p- a n- Ahs
ImcpWyw e`n--h-s\m-gnv. Atm-tgpw Ahn-cphp-anSbn
Hcp Xnc-ame ad-bn-p, As\ Ah apn-\i
- n-n-s-hcn DsSp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
44. ]d-b-s-p: Hm `qan, \o \ns sh-sam-sbpw hngp-p-I., Hm BImita, \o shw sNmcn-bp-Xv \np-I. As\ `qan-bn shw
hn-tm-bn., I]\ \S-n-em--s-p. I PqZo ]-X-n
sNWp. B{I-an-I-fmb P\-Xv k\miw Fv {]Jym-]-\-apmbn.
ABw: 45, Xu_: 19 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
45. \qlv Xs \mYs\ hnfnp ]d-p: Fs \mYm, \nbw Fs
]p{X Fs IpSpw-_-ns]-h-\m-Ip-p, \ns hmKvZamI-s
kXyamWvXm\pw.- \o hn[n-I]np-h
- c
- n Ghpw \ hn[n-Imhp-a-tm.
"A{I-an-I-fm-b-h-cpsS Imcy-n FtmsSmpw Bh-iy-s-SpIbpacp-Xv.
\nbw Ah H-Sw apnsm--stSh-cm-Ip-p' F 37mw kq-n
]d Am-lp-hns I]\v hncp--ambnsmmWv kzw aIs Imcyn \qlv \_n Bh-em-Xn-s-Sp--Xv. Atm aI A{I-an-I-fns]-h-\m-bncpp Fv \qlv \_n Xncn-dn-n-cp-n-. "\o hn[n-I]np--h-cn Ghpw
\ hn[n-Im-hp-a-tm' Fv \qlv \_n ]d--Xns s]mcp, bpn-\pw
{XnIm-e-m-\n-bpamb Am-lp-hns hn[n, IWn-i-amb Adn-thmSpw ]q-amb
\oXn-tbmSpw IqSnbmWv Fv k-Xn-epamWv. bq\p-kv: 109 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
46. Amlp ]dp: Hm \qlv, \nbw Ah \ns IpSpw-_-n
s]-h-\, \nbw Ah Hcp k{]-hn-bpsS ê-a. AXn\m \n\v Adn-hnm Imcy- \o FtmSv tNmZn--cp-Xv.
\nbw \o Ahn-th-In-I-fn s]p-t]m-I-cp-sXv Rm \ns D]-tZin-p-p.
Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-bn am{X-ta hnizm-knv a-tfm-Spw `mcy-am-tcm-Spw
lqZv (11)
325
]nXm-hn-t\m-Spw amXm-hnt\mSpw ktlm-Zc
-
- tfmSpw Xr]vXn-s-Sm ]mSp-q. Atm
am{Xta Ah hnizm-kn-bm-hp-I-bp-q. bYm-n km-\-sf sXsc-sSp-m-\p A[n-Im-ctam Ah-Im-itam Hcmpan. {kjvSmhv G]n krjvSnIsfa-sfXon-tm-p--Xn-t\m-sSmw, GsXmcp ey-n-\p-th-n-bmtWm
Amlp a\p-jysc `qan-bn- \ntbm-Kn-n-p-Xv AXn-\p-thn Xm-dm-m-\p-XIp Adnhv AYhm Jp-B\ns samw Bibw ]Xn-\v hb-n\v apv
\Iem-Wv amXm-]n-Xm--fpsS D-c-hm-Zn-w. amXm-]n-Xm- AXv sNbvXn-n-sn AXns `hn-jyv AAvdm^v: 37-39 hn-i-Zo-I-cnn-p-v. kXy-hn-izm-knbmb Hcp ]nXm-hv ]q-ambn Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-n--v Pohnv ImWnv
sImSpti-jhpw, aI AXv ]n]-m Xmdmbn-s-n ]noSv B aI-\pambn Hcp _hpw At-l-n-\pmIm ]mSn-. IpSpw-_-n \nv ASp-hmWv BZy-amZyw ktiw Fn-p-sIm-Sp-t-Xpw(Ap-A-dm-A:v 214), Ah
]pdw Xncnp t]mIp-I-bm-sW-n- Ah-tcmSmWv Ii\ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-tXpw. Xu_: 80-84, bq\pkv: 88 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[nI-fmb hnizm-kn-I Am-lp-hns kz`m-h-apsmv {]hn-p--h-cm-bn-cnWw. kPZ: 22 Amlp ]d-bp-Xv {in-p-I: Xs \mYs kq-
lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn DWn-bnv ]ns AXns\ Ah-K-Wn-p t]mb-h-s\m Ghpw henb A{Ian BcmWv? \nbw Ccw {`mam-tcmSv \mw {]XnImcw sNpI Xs sNpw. Xu_: 73 hni-Zo-I-Ww t\mp-I. Hcm hnizm-knbmtWm \ntj-[n-bmtWm Fv Xncn-d
- n-bm-\p D]-Ic
- W
- a
- mWv Jp-B\ns Bibamb, kXyhpw AkXyhpw thXncnp Dc--mb, Xpem-kmb, DIm-gvm-Zm-bIamb Jp-B. Xu_: 23-24, 113-114, bq\pkv: 57-58 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
"\nbw Ah Hcp k{]-hn-bpsS ê-a' Fv ]d--Xn \nv
Ah hy`nNmck-m\amsWv Bi-b-an, adnv Am-lp-hns kvac-W-tbmSpIq-Snbm Hcp {]-hnbmepm-b-XmWv FmWv a\-n-em-tXv. Atm
]nimNv AXn CS-s]-Spw. _Jd: 187, An-km-Av: 78-79 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
47.
\qlv ]dp: Fs \mYm, F\nv Adn-hn-m Imcyw tNmZn-p-

Xns\smv \nbw Rm \ntmSv A`bw tXSp-p. F\nv \o
s]mdpp-Xc
- n-Ibpw, \ns ImcpWyw Fn hjn-p-Ibpw sNbvXns-n Rm \jvS-s--h-cn s]pt]mhpI Xs sNpw.
bq\pkv 99- 100 hni- Z o- I - c Ww t\mpI. Xs aI- s \ cn- m

hnfnXpt]mepw sXm-bn-tm-sbv a\-n-em-nb \qlv \_n, F\nv Adn-hnmImcy- \ntmSv tNmZn-p--Xns\smv Rm A`bwtXSpp Fv
{]mnpIbm-Wv. Cu kw`-h-Ncn{Xw hnh-cn-p-sImv Am-lp-hns \oXn F{X
\njv]--am-sWpw Xocp-am\w F{X \oXn-]qam-sWpw, {]hm-N-IamcpsS
amKw ]n]-t hnizm-kn-Isf Hmn-n-p-I-bm-Wv.
326
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Xu_: 114s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n, ]nXmhv Am-lp-hns i{Xp-hm-sW--dn-tm C_vdmlow ]nXm-hp-am-bp _-samw Dt]-n-p-I-bpw, ]nXm-hn\v
s]mdp--ens\ tXSn-bXv sXm-bn-tm-sb \nev Am-lp-hn-t\mSv Bhn-mhnv tJZn-v aSpIbpw sNbvXp Fp-]-d-n-p-v. am apivcnpIfpw aZo\-bnse PqX-{In-kvXy-\n-Ifpw, R Fp-{]-hn-mepw Am-lphns in
R-sf _m[n-p-I-bn-, ImcWw R C_vdmlow \_n-bpsS km-\-fmWv,
F hnizm-k
- n-epw hmZ-n-epam-bn-cpp. Fm Jp-B Bib-an-msX hmbnp apkvenwI, Cv Ch-tc-m IqSp-X A-Im-c-nepw kzm-X-bnepw
kzP\]-]m-X-nepw kmap-Zm-bn-I-X-bnepw kwL-S\m ]-]m-X-nepw Bpt]m-b-Xmbn Jp-B {Xmkmbn D]-tbm-Kn-p--hv a\-n-em-mw. ^pJm:
1718epw, ^Xvlv: 12-epw ]d Cu sI-P-\X Am-lp-hnepw {]hm-N-Iamcnepw
Jp-B kan-p--hn[w hniz-kn-p-n-. AXp-sImv Xs Ah-cpsS \akvIm-chpw t\mp-w apI--sfmpw kzoI-cn--s-Sp-I-bn-sp am{X-a-, AXn\v
]ng-bm-bnv \c-I-Ip-WvTw e`n-p--Xp-am-Wv. AAvdm^v: 175-179, Xu_: 53-55, 95,
bq\pkv: 33 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
48. ]d-b-s-p: Hm \qlv, Cd-n-sm-pI, \n \np kam-[m-\hpw
A\p-{K-lhpw \nstaepw \ntm-sSm--ap kapZmbfp-sS- taepapv. Nne kap-Zm-b-tm, \mw Xmm-en-I-amb Pohn-X-hn-` {]Zm\w sNp-I-bpw ]noSv Ahsc \n\np thZ-\m-P-\I-amb in _m[n-np--Xp-am-Wv.
temI-p Fm a\p-jycpw k-ap-Zm-b--fpw \qlv \_n-tbm-sSmw Ien c-s--h-cpsS ]nKm-an-I-fm-Wv. lqZv: 40 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. apl-Zv
\_n h-tm-tgpw Ah hnhn[ aX-fpw kap-Zmbfp-ambn thXn-cnp
Ign-n-cpp. "temI-v samw A\p-{K-la
- m-bn-
- msX \ns \mw Ab-n-nsv'
An-bm-Av: 107 ]d Ay-{]hm-NI
- \
- mb apl-Zv \_n-bpsS D-mWvkapZmbw Cv temI-p--Xv. AYhm apl-Zv \_n-bpsS Pohn-X-co-Xn-bmWv Cv
temI-p samw a\pjyv Amlp Xr]vXn-n-n-p--Xv. AXv a\p-jyv
Fn-p-sIm-Sp-t _m[yX apl-Zv \_nbpsS Ju-am-bP\-Xbmb apkvenwImWv. AX-h sNbvXn-n-s-n samw a\p-jy-cpsS ]m]-`mcw Ah Hmtcmcp-cpw apl-Zv \_nsb F{X-am{Xw P\-v sIm-cp-Xm--h-\mbn ]cn-N-bs-Sp-n F tXmX-\p-k-cnvAh hln-t-n-h-cpw. _Jd: 143, A-Bw: 26,
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. apl-Zv \_nsb kmy-s-Sp-p-- Hcp P\X Cm
Ah-bn I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-fpsS Bibw \S-n-em-p--Xn-\p-thn ako-lp-m hcn-Ibpw, BZyw {]hm-N-I-\msWpw, ]ns dmsWv Xsbpw hmZnp- I bpw sNpw. Bi- b - a n- msX \a- k v I m- c - n ako- l p- m- e ns
^nXv\sbsmv A`bw tXSp apkvenwI XsbmWv Ahs sIWn-bn
AI-s-SpI. tijw Cukm\_n h-v, apl-Zv \_nsb AapkvenwIv \-h\mbn ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p--Xpw, hnizm-kn-I I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf h[nv An-km-
lqZv (11)
Av: 91, Xu_: 123, Alvkm-_v: 61s I]\I \S-n-em-p-XpamWv.
327
Atm hnizm-kn-I C,v An-km-A:v 133, ABw: 89, 133, Xu_: 39,
C{_mlow: 1920 ^mXzn: 16-17, apl-Zv: 38 XpS-nb kq- ]cn-K-Wnv
Cukm-\-_nsb klm-bn-p--Xn\vthn, Jp-B-\ns Bibw samw a\pjyv {]tXy-Inv AapkvenwIv Fn-p-sIm-Sp-t--Xm-Wv . AXmWv
kz^v^v: 14- hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv, "\n Am-lp-hns\ klm-bn-p--hcmIpI' F Am-lp-hns I]-\-p adp-]-Sn-. BcmtWm apl-Zv \_nsb
in-s-Sp-n-bXv, klm-bn-X
- v, At-lt- m-sSm-a
- p {]Im-is ]n]-p-Ibpw
sNbvXXv Ah am{X-amWv hnPbw hcn-pI Fv AAv-dm^v: 157- ]d-Xv
]n]-phcpw Aham{Xam-Wv. Pohn-Xeyw a\-nemm\pw AXp-hgn csm-cn-n Hgn-hmn a\p-jy-cpsS sFIyw m]n-m\pw `qan AXns kp-e-\n \ne-\n-m-\p {XmkmbnmWv Jp-B-\ns Bibs A-h ]cn-N-bs-Sp-p-I. Xu_: 32-33, 73 kq- ]cn-K-Wnv Jp-B Bibw aqSn-shp apkvenwI-tfmS:v Am-lp-hns {]Im-ia
- mb Jp-B\
- ns Bibw AhXs
temI-s-m-bn-Spw Fnpw AXv \ns{X Atcm-N-I-am-bncpmepw,
AXns\ \nsf{X DuXnsSp-m {ian-m-epw icn FmWv hnizm-kn-I
]d-bpI. Am-lp-hns {]Xn\n-[n-Im-fmb hnizm-kn-I-fn-eqsSbmWv AX-h \S-nem-pI Fva\-n-em-n-smpw, "{]m-\' AXp-XsbmWv C_m-Zv F\_nhN\w HmnpsImpw, Fs \mYm, F\n--Xn\v Ah-kcw \tI-Wta!
Fv lrZbwsImv {]mn-p-Ibpw as-n-t\-mfpw AXn\v apKW\ \IpIbpamWv hnizm-kn-I sNt--Xv.
49.
CsXmw \mw \n\v Znhykt-ia

- mbn \In-sIm-n-cn-p AZriyhr-m-fmIpp. CXn\papv \otbm \ns P\Xtbm AX-dn-bp-h-cmbn-cp-n-. Atm \o a ssIsIm-p-I, \nbw An-a]- c n- W nXn Am- l p- h ns\ lrZ- b - n kqnv Pohn- p
àmv Xs-bm-Ip-p.
bq\pkv: 15-17 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. "\nbw An-a-]-cn-WnXn Am-lphns\ lrZ-b-n kqnv Pohn-p àmv Xs-bm-Ip-p' Fv ]d-Xns hnh, \qlv\_nsbbpw hnizm-kn-Isfbpw c-s-Sp-n-bXvt]mse
apl-Zv\_nsbbpw A\p-bm-bn-Isfbpw c-s-Sppsapwam-{X-a Ay-\m
hsc-bp Am-lp-hns GI-kw-L-ns] hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw c-s-Sp-psa-mWv. amCZ: 5456, AAv-dm^v: 59-64, bq\pkv: 102-103 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
50.
BZv kap-Zm-b-n-tev \mw Ah-cpsS ktlm-Z-c lqZns\bpw \ntbmKnnp-m-bn-cpp. Atlw ]d-p: Hm Fs P\ta, \n Amlp-hn-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p-h
- cm-hp-I, \nv Ahs\qSmsX
asmcp Cem- l p- a n- Xs, \n Iw sIn- - a v ]dbphcmsXb.
328
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
AAv-dm^v: 65-69, bq\p-kv: 28-30, 104106 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
51.
Hm Fs P\-ta, Cu ZuXy-n\v Rm \n-tfmSv Hcp {]Xn-^-ehpw

tNmZn-p-n-. Fs {]Xn-^-ew Fs hncn-npmn-b-hs
]emsXb. Atm \n _pnbp]tbm-Knv Nnn-pnt?
bq\pkv: 72 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Hcm Xs ùXnI t\-smpw

thnb-msX, Jp-B-\ns Bibw kzK-n-te-p Snmbn samw a\pjyv ]cn-NbsSp-p-Ibpw B am-n \m\m-hn-[nep hnj-a
- klnp-Ibpw sNp-p. At-l-ns Cu {]h-\-n, hyn-Xm]-cy-tam IpSpw_-Xm]-cy-tam kwc-n-p--Xn-\p {]h-W-Xtbm m-\am-\-fpw kpw
t\Sp--Xn-\p Xzctbm ImW-s-Sp-n-. Xe-ap-d-I-fmbnv A-ambn ]n]-p
hnizm-kmNm-c-pw km{-Zm-bnI\mp-\-S-pIp-sa-Xn-cn i_vZap-bn
kzP\-X-bpsS -i{XpX hne-p-hm-p-p. Cu hyn-bpsS ] ZrV-t_m-[ynsXmb Hcp ASn-m\w Dm-ImsX Xc-an-. At-l-ns hmpI Fmbmepw A]w Nnn-m-sX, {Kln-m-sX, Kuc-h-]qw IW-n-se-Sp-msX Xn-fbm am{Xw \nm-c-am-bn-cn--n. \n _pnbp]-tbm-Knv Nnn-p-I-bmsW-n Xo-bmbpw Amcyw \nv t_m[y-s-SpI-Xs sNpw. _Jd:
52.
Hm Fs P\-ta, \n \n-fpsS DS-a-bmb \mY-t\mSv s]mdp-ens\tXSp-I, ]ns Ah-\n-tev tJZn-p-a-S-p-Ibpw sNpI.

Fm Ah \n-p BIm-iv\nv IW-n-msX A\p{Kl sNmcnv Xcn-Ibpw, \nfpsS in-bp-sS-ta in
hn-n-p-X-cn-Ibpw sNpw. \n {`mam-cmbn ]nn-cn-bm-Xn-cnp-Ibpw sNp-hn.
AAv-dm^v: 40, 96 lqZv: 3 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
53.
Ah ]d-p: Hm lqZv, \o Rv hy-am-sbmcp sXfnhv sImph-n-n, \ns hmp-I-fpsS ASn-m-\-n am{Xw kzw Cemlp-Isf R Dt]-n-pI-bn-. R \nn hniz-kn-p-h-cp-a-.
ABw: 37, 124 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
54,55.\nivNbw, R-fpsS Nne Cem-lpIfpsS Zp_m[ \ns _m[n-n-cnpp F-msX Rv ]d-bm\n-. lqZv ]d-p: \nbw
Rm Am- l p- h ns\ kmy- w h- l nnp- p. \nfpw
kmywhlnpho, \nbw Ahs\qSmsX Ahs A[n-Imcm-
lqZv (11)
329
h- I mi- - f n \n ]ptNp- - X n\nsmw Rm
hnap\mWv Fv. AXn-\m \nsf-m-hcpw Hcpanv F\n-s-Xncn X{w sa\bp-I, ]ns \n F\nv Hpw kmh-Imiw \tI-Xpan-.
56.
\nbw Rm Fsbpw \n-fp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hn `cta]n-n-cn-p-p. bmsXmcp Poh-Pm-e-hp-an-, AXns aqmhv ISnm Ahs ]em- b n- - msX. \nbw Fs \mY
t\scsNms-bp amK-nXsbmIp-p.
bq\pkv: 71 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Ctm \o {`mv am{Xw ]d-v \-S-pXv R-fpsS Nne Bcm-[yam-cpsSbpw t\Xm--fp-sSbpw Kpcp-XztSv \n\v
_m[n--Xn-\m-emWv. CXphsc R-v th-s--h-\m-bn-cp \n\v Cv hntZzjhpw FXnpw t\cn-tSn hcp-Xpw AXvsImmWv. lqZv \_n-tbmSp Cu
\ne-]m-SvXsbmbn-cpp Fm \_n-am-tcmSpw Ah-c-h-cpsS P\X shp-]p-enbn-cp-Xv. Jp-B-\ns Bmhv AXns Bi-b-amWv, AXns\ ]n]-p--h
am{Xta hnP-bn-p-I-bpp Fv ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p hnizm-kn-I-tfm-Sp Cm-ep P\-X-bpsS \ne-]mSpw AXp-X-s-bmWv. AYhm amCZ: 48- {]Imcw AXns\
Fm hn]-n\npw \c-I-n\npw Impkq-n-p-Xmbn D]-tbm-K-sSp-Wsav ]d-bptm, liv: 23- ]d apssl-an-\ns i{Xp--fmb I]S-hn-iz-mkn-If
- psS \ne-]mSv CXp-Xs
- -bm-bn-cn-pw. amCZ: 67 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
BZyhpw Ay-hp-an-m- D-hpw ab-h
- p-an-m Fmw ]Xn-bn-cpv hon-p {XnImem\n-bmb Am-lp-hn-s\-bmWv Rm kmy-s-Sp-p-Xv. ABw: 19 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. {]]--n-ep--sXmw Ahs DS-a--Xbn-embn-cn-s, \n Ahs Znhy-Xz-nepw A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fnepw ]ptNp-hcpsSImcy-n Rm hnap--\m-sWXn\v \nfpw kmywhln-p-I.
Rm Fmw AS-n-`-cnp Fsbpw \n-fp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hn-emWv
`c-ta]n-n-p--Xv. Atm \n-sfm-hcpw Hcp-an-p-IqSn F\n-s-Xnsc X{w
sa\-p-sIm-p-I, F\n-smcp kmh-Im-ihpw \tI-Xn`qa-nbn Hcp PohPm-e-hp-an-, AXns \nb-{Ww Am-lp-hns ]-em-bn--msX(Fs D]-{Z-hnm ss[-cy-ap--h-cp-s-n aptmv hcnI) Fv lqZv \_n P\-Xsb shp-hnfn-p-I-bmWv sNp--Xv. IAv-_-n- kpPqZv sNpIbm-bncp apl-Zv \_nbpsS Xebn `mcwIqSnb Hcp Iv sImn-Sm t]mIp A_q-Pm-lnens\ Nqnsmv: "th, CXn \n-h hnc-an-n-n-s-n- Ahs \pW-bpw ]m]hpw
\nd aqm-hv \mw ]nSn-Iq-SpI Xs sNpsav' AeJv: 15-16 kq--fn
]dnpv. Fm hkvXp--fp-sSbpw Xn-sb-sXmv A`bw tXSp--Xn-\p
{]m\ _Jd: 253 s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I.
"\nbw Fs \mY t\scsNms-bp amK-nXsbmIp-p' Fv
]d--Xns hnh, Ahs kwkm-chpw Ncybpw t\scsNms-bp amKhp-
330
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
amb Jp-B-\n tcJ-s-Sp-nbXn\-\p-k-cnv am{Xta Ah {]hn-pIbpw
hn[n-p-I-bp-ap-p FmWv. Ah\v ip]mi-m-tcm, CS-bm-fam-tcm, Ah\n
kzm[o\w sNep-p-htcm Hpw Xs-bn. \njv-]hm\mb Ah Btcbpw
kzK-n-tetm \c-I-n-te-tm Bp-n. Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-npI hgn Ah-\n-tev Fn-s-Sm-\p GIamKhpw ]nim-Nns hoSmb \c-In- t e- p hnhn[amK- fpw Fm Hmtcm Bm- h n\pw \In- b n- pv
FpamWv. ^mnl: 5, AAv-dm^v: 178, 194-195, bq\pkv: 105-106 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
57.
C\n \n ]nn-cn-bp-I-bm-sW-n, \nbw Rm \nfntev

GsXmcp kt-i-hp-am-bn-mtWm Ab--s-n-p-Xv AXv \nv
Fn-p-X
- pIgnp. C\n Fs \mY \n-fpsS m\v asmcp
P\-Xsb {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-p-XmWv, Ahsmcp t{Zmlhpw sNm
\nv km[npIbpan. \nbw Fs \mY Fm-Im-cyfpsSbpw kqn-pIm-c-\-tm.
"R \nn hniz-kn-p--h-c' Fv B P\X ]d-Xn\p adp-]Sn-bm-WnXv. Fs \mY Fs G]n D-c-hm-Znw AYhm Ah-s ktiw
Rm \nv Fn-p-X-p. C\n \n CjvSwt]mse {]hn-p-I. \n
]pdw Xncn-p-t]m-hp-I-bm-sW-n, Fmnsbpw DS-a-bmb Fs \mY \nfpsS m\v asmcp P\-Xsb {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn \ntbm-Kn-p--XmWv. Ahs\
HcpXc-nepw D]-{Z-hn-m- \nv Ign-bn-. An-km-Av: 133, AAvdm^v: 129
58. \psS I]\ \S-n h-tm, lqZn-s\bpw At-l-tm-sSm-ap kXy-hn-izmkw ssIsIm--h-scbpw \psS Imcp-Wy-m \mw
c-s-Sp-n. ]cp-j-amb Hcp in-bn\nv \mw Ahsc c-sSppI Xs sNbvXp.
59.
AXs{X BZv P\X. Ah X-fpsS \mYs kq-tfmSv hntcm[w

shv Xn-p-I-bpw, Ahs ZqXamsc [n-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
[nm-c-aqn-Ifpw tkzm[n]-Xn-Ifpamb kI-e-cp-sSbpw I]\
Ah ]n]-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
lqZv \_n- s bbpw hnizm- k n- I - t fbpw c- s - S p- n- b Xv \n\np

ImcpWyw sImmWv Fv kq-n ]d--Xns hnh, Ah Imcp-Wy-amIp Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]n]nb-Xn-\m-emWv. BZvP\X \-in-n--s-Sm
ImcWw Ah Jp-B\nt\mSv hntcm[wshv Xn-pIbpw Jp-B-\ns Bib-n\v hncp--amb PohnXcoXn sIn--a-p-m-nb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifmb a\p-jynim-Np-sf ]n]-n-b-Xn-\m-ep-amWv. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS kz`mhw Xu_: 67-68
s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I. Am-lp-hns kq--tfmSv hntcm[w shv
lqZv (11)
331
Xn-ph A{I-an-I-fm-sWv ABw: 33epw, Acw Im^n-dp-I \c-In shv Hcp Xpn-shw tNmZn-p-tm e`n-p-I-bn-s-v AAv-dm^v: 51s
hni-Zo-I-c-W-nepw hmbn-p-I. bq-\p-kv: 103 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
kq-n Ahs ZqXs\ [n-cnp Fv ]d-bmsX " ZqXamsc [ncnp' Fv ]d- - X ns hnh, Ah- c n- t ev sNXv Hcp {]hm- N - I \mbncppshnepw, Atlw {]t_m-[\w sNbvXn-cp-Xv Fm-Im-epw Fm
P\-X-bn-tep-ap {]hm-N-Iam {]t_m-[\w sNbvXXv Xs-bm-bn-cp-p.
AXn\m Hcp {]hm-N-Is\ kzoI-cn-p-n-s-n Fm {]hm-N-Iamscbpw [ncnpshmWv Bibw. _Jd: 285 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. An-bm-Av: 25,
"\nbw Rm\-msX thsd Cem-ln-, AXn\m \n F\n-p-thn am{Xw
Pohn-pI' Fv Zn-hy-k-tiw \In-bn--msX \n\papv Hcp ZqX-s\bpw \mw
Ab-n-n- Fp-w \lv: 36, "\n-b-w, Am-lp-hn\v C_m-Zv sNp-I, XmKqns\ hn-pI Fv I]n-p-sImv Fm kap-Zm-b-n-tepw \mw
ZqXamsc \ntbm-Kn-n-p-v' Fpw -]-d-n-pv. Fs \mYm, \nbw Ch
Fs [n-cn-p-Ibpw, X-fpsS kpw km-\-fpwsImv \jvS-w am{Xw
km-Znp [nm-cn-I-fpw tIaam-cp-amb t\Xm-sf ]n]-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cnpp. Ah hfsc henb KqV-X-{- sa\-bp-Ibpw sNpp Fv \qlv
\_n Xs P\-X-s-Xn-cn Bh-em-Xn-t_m-[n-n--Xmbn \qlv: 21-22 kq-fn
]d-n-p-v. kpw km-\-fpwsImv inn--s-Sp-Xv I]-S-hn-izm-knI-fm-sWv Xu_: 55, 85 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ]d-n-p-v. ABw: 123 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
60.
CltemIpshp Xs Ah im]w ]np-S-c-s--h-cm-bnhn[n-Znh-k\

- m-fnepw. Adn-n-cn-p-I, \nbw BZv P\X X-fpsS \mYs\
\ntj-[n-p, Adn-n-cn-pI, lqZns P\-am-bn-cp BZvP\X AXnZqcw Xqs-dn-b-s-p.
`qan- A-Xns kp-e-\-n \ne-\nm-\p Jp-B-\ns Bibw aqSnsh-p Im^n-dp-I-fpsStaemWv Am-lp-hnsbpw ae-p-I-fp-sSbpw apgp-h a\pjy-cpsSbpw im]-ap-sXv _Jd: 159-162 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. ABw:
42-45, AAv-d- m^v: 65-72, Xu_: 67 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
61.
YaqZvP\-Xbn-tev \mw Ah-cpsS ktlm-Z-c kzmen-lns\ \ntbm-Knp-Ibpw sNbvXn-p-mbn-cp-p. Atlw ]d-p: Fs P\-ta,
\n Am-lp-hn\pthn am{Xw Pohnp-h-cm-hp-I, \nv
Ah- \ - msX asmcp Cem- l p- a n- Xs. Ah- \ m- I pp \nsf
`qanbn \nv \p-h-fn-b-Xv. Ah Xs-bmWv \nsf AXn
Xma-kn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXXv. Atm \n Aht\mSv s]mdp-ens\ tXSp-Ib
- pw, Ah-\n-tev tJZn-p-aS-
- pIbpw sNphn. Xobmbpw Fs \mY kao-]y-\mb Dcw \Ip--h-\m-Ipp.
332
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Fm-Im-epw a\p-jy inn AI-s-Sp-hm Imc-W-am-b Hcp henb
sXn-m-cW Cukq--n-eqsS \op-I-bm-Wv. AXm-bXv {kjvSm-hmb Amlp
`qan-bnse henb N{I--hn-amsctmse km[m-c-W-mv t\cnv _-s-Sm
]mhn[w AI-se-bmWv, N{I-hnamcpsS cmP-k-Z-p-I-fn h At]-bpw
kan--W-sa-n AhnsS kmao-]y-ap Bcp-sS-sb-nepw tkh]nSn-p-Itbm
CS-bm-famsc kzoI-cn-p-Itbm thWw. AXvt]mse km[m-c-W-mv, cmPm-[ncm-P-\mb Amlphns kn-[n-bn-tev ay-hn-Itfm ip]mi-mtcm
CmsX Fn-s-Sm km[y-a. Cs\ ùXnI cmPm-am-tcmSpw `c-Wm-[nIm-cn-I-tfmSpw Am-lp-hns\ D]-an-p--Xn-s\-bmWv \lv: 74 Amlp
JWvUnp ]d-bp-X
- v, Am-lp-hn\v D]-aD-Zm-lc
- W
-
- Na-c
- p-Xv, \nbw Amlp
Adn-bp-p, \n-tfm Adn-hn-m--h-cm-Ip-p. Ahs\tmse Hcm-fp-an Fv kqdv CJvemkv: 4epw, Ahs\tmse Hcp hkvXphpw C Fv Aqd: 11--epw ]dn-pv. D]-aD-Zm-l-c-W- Na--p-hscpdnv bmko: 78, Xs krjvSnns\ ad-p-sImv Ah \ap-Xm D]aNa-pp, Fv \pcp-n--gn-m BcmW-Xns\ ]ns Pohn-n-pI Fm-Wh
- tNmZn-p-X
- v Fv ]dn-pv. apIv:
14, Adn-n-cn-pI, BcmtWm krjvSn-Xv Ah \nsf icnpw Adn-bp-h-\-tbm? Ah AXn-kq-va\pw, Fmw hebw sNbvX- {XnImem\nbpw X-s-bmWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. kpa: 3, Am-lp-hns\qSmsX kwc-Iamscbpw klm-bn-Is
- fbpw sXc-s-Sp-n-p-h
- ]d-bp-X
- v: R Ahv
tkh\w sNp--Xv, Am-lp-hn-tev Ah Rsf ASp-n-p--Xn-\p-th-nam{XamWv FmWv. \nbw Am-lp, Ah `nn-n-p FmHmtcm hnj-bnepw Ahn-S-bn hn[n-I]n-p--Xm-Wv. \pW-]-d-bp-I-bpw, \ntj-[-n-\pta \ntj[w ssIsIm-pIbpw sNp Hcmsfbpw Amlp kamK-n-emp-I-bn Xs Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
"Xo-bmbpw Fs \mY kao-]y-\mb Dcw \Ip--h-\m-Ipp'
Fv Am-lp-hns\ ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-pI hgn Amlp AI-sebmsW [mcW
Xncp-p-Xpt]mse-s t\cnp {]m-\-p-cw \Ip-I-bn-s [mcWbpw Xncp-p-p. AXv Xs-bmWv kqw 56- lqZv \_n, "\nbw Fs
\mY t\scsNms-bp amK-nXsbmIp-p' Fv ]d--Xns hnhbpw. _Jd: 186 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\n--I-Xv
ImcWw Cs apkvenwI-fn-emWv Am-lp-hns\pdn-p Ghpw aqVhpw
hnI-ehpamb hnizm-ka
- p-Xpw, ]nSn-h
- n-bn--msX at-sXmcp P\-Xtbmfpw Ahn-izmk A\m-Nm-c--fn Bn-d-n-bn-p-Xpsav Jp-B-\n-s\ DIm-gvm-Zmb-Ihpw Dc-pambn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--hv a\-n-emmw. Ch-cnse I]-S-hnizm-kn-I-fmb t\Xm-am An-km-Av: 145 {]Imcw hnNm-c-W-bn-msX \c-I-ntepw Ahsc ]n]-p km[m-c-W-m kpa: 71 {]Imcw hnNm-c-Wvtijw
\c-I-n-tepw sXfn--s-Sp--h-cm-Wv. Ah ]c-kv]cw \c-I-nshv Xnp-Ibpw i]n-p-Ibpw sNp cwKw _Jd: 166-167 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbnpI. AAvdm^v: 205, bq\pkv: 18, 61, lqZv: 3, 5 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
lqZv (11)
333
62. Ah ]d-p: Hm kzmen-lv, CXn\p apv Rv \nn henb
{]Xo- - I - f p- m- b n- c pp, \psS ]nXm- am tkhn- ncphscsbmw tkhn-p-Xv \o Ctm R-tfmSv hntcm[n-p-IbmtWm? \nbw \o GsXm-cp-h-\n-te-mtWm Rsf hnfnpsImncnp-Xv, Ah-s Imcy-n R Xocm kwi-bn
Xs-bm-Ip-p.
AXm-bXv \ns hnth-Ihpw kz`mhaln-abpw hyn-Xz-hp-samw Inv
\osbmcp alm\mIp-sav R {]Xo-n-n-cp-p. \ns Ignhpw X{hpw
Rv {]tbmP\-s-Sp-sapw R IW-p-Iq-n-bn-cp-p. \obn-tm GI
Cem-ln-s\ Ah-X-cn-nv R-fpsS ]nXm-am-cpsS Cem-lp-Isf Hgn-hm--Wsav R-tfmSv I]npI-bmtWm sNp-Xv? Fm B {]Xo--Ismw
hncp-ambn kzmenlv \_n {k-m-hns GI-Xz-n-te-pw Cl]c-tem-I-hnPbn-tepw Wnm XpS-n-b-tm Ah \ncm-i-s-SpI am{X-a-, At-ls
\in-n-m KqV-X{w sa\-bpIIqSn sNbvXp. CtX \ne-]mSv Xs-bm-bn-cpp
kzP-\-X-bm "A-A-ao'hniz- Fv t]cv \I-s apl-Zv\_n-tbmSpw
At-l-ns P\-X- A\p-hnn-cp-Xv Fv bp\pkv: 15-16 s hni-Zo-I-c-Wn hmbn-p-I.
Fm-Im-e-p-ap \ntj-[n-I-fpsS Cu kz`mhw Xs-bmWv Cpap-Xv.
Jp-B\ns samw Bibw kan-p Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv Ahs
{]Xn-\n-[n-If
- mbn Pohn-W
- w, Cl-tem-IP
- o-hnXw ]c-tem-IP
- o-hn-X
- n-te-p Irjnbn-S-am-Wv, P\n--tm sImp-h-cm-, acn-p-tm sImp-t]m-Im Amlp
\Inb FmA\p-{K-l-fpw D]-tbm-K-s-Spn ChnsS kzKw ]Wn-b-emWv
Pohn-X-eysasmw hnizm-kn-I Jp-B kq- D-cnv Cu P\-Xsb
DWp-tm Chv ]d-bm-\p-Xpw CXp-X-s-bm-Wv. apIm-es \ntj-[nI-fmb P\-Xtbm Hcp-]Sn ùXn-I -Po-hn-X-n BIr--cmWv Cs P\-Xsbv Jp-B\ns shfn-
- n t\mn-bm ImWm-hp-X
- m-Wv. AAvdm^v: 176
Chsc Zp\n-bm-hns ]n-tbmSv D]-an-n-cn-p-p. av ùXnI hnZym-`ymkw
\In tUmIvSamcpw Fn-\o-bamcpw s{]m^-kamcpsamamn sFln-I-PohnXw `{Z-am-p Ch, av kzK-n-te-p Snv \Im--hcpw PohnXeyw ad-h-cpw, ]c-tem-I-n-\p-thn Hpw km-Zn-m--h-cp-am-Wv. AXns
Zpjv ] - c nWnXn AAv d m^v : 37- 39 kq- - f psS hni- Z o- I - c - W - n ImWp- I .
thsdNne Bob hnZym-`ym-k-sa \nev asf Ad_nIv tImtf-Pn-epw, ]n
Zkp-I-fnepw apw Abpps-nepw, bYm m\amb Jp-B\ns
Bibw Hcn-Spw ]Tn-n-pn-. Jp-B-\ns icocw hngpn hnn\nv
Av sXdn-p-t]m-Ip--Xv t]mse Zo\n\nv sXdnp t]mIp--Xn\pXIp-am-dp
hnZym-`ym-ka
- mWv Ahn-S
- fn\nv Inp-X
- v. a sNdp-{]m-b
- n Xs "lm^nfv'(Jp-B\ns icocw ImWmsX ]Tn--h) BWv Fv kmbqPywsImp
amXm-]n-Xm-, Bi-b-an-m--Xn-\m Ah ]Tn-Xv ]nim-Nns amK-nepw
334
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Ahs-Xn-cmbn kmywhln-p hn[-n-ep-am-sWv a\-n-em-p-n-. ImIm-c-W-ham-cpsS hgn ]np-Sp-sImv a{Zk hnZym-`ymkw sImSp-m XfpsS D-c-hm-Znw ]qn-bmn FmWv Ah-cpsS \ymb-hm-Zw. Bmhmb
Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-n-msX Poh-\mb Aw ]Tn-nv, R Jp-B
]Tn-p-hcpw ]Tn-n-p-h-cp-am-sWv Al--cn-phcpw Ben-Cw-dm: 10 s
hni-Zo-I-W-a\p-k-cnv Im^n-dp-Ifpw \c-I-ns hnd-Ip-Ifpw Xs-bm-Wv. \c-In-te-p--h \c-I-n-tev Xs-bmWv a-sfbpw ]nSnphen-p-I. kzKn- t e- p Snv samw Jp- B \ns Bi- b - a m- s Wpw, AXmWv
lrZbwsImv a\-n-em-m Ghpw Ffp--am-n-bn-p--sXpw Amlp ]Tnn--Xv Chcmcpw Xs ]cn-K-Wn-p-n-. Fm Hmtcm Bbn-c-nepw sXmm-bnc-n -sXm-qn HXv \c-I-n-te-pw Hv am{Xw kzK-n-te-p-am-sWv
\_n]Tn-n-Xv F{X A-h-m-bn-cn-p-p!
\n, {]hm-N-Iam GsXm-cp-h-\n-te-mtWm hnfn-pXv, Ah-s- Imcy-n R Xocm kwi-b-n- XsbmIpp F Bi-b-n-em-Wv
C_vdm-low: 9 Ah-km-\n-p-Xv. An-km-Av:118, amCZ: 104, Xu_: 125 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
63.
kzmenlv ]d-p: Fs P\-ta, \n Nnn-n-ptm? Rm Fs

\mY-\n \np Hcp sXfn kmy-nta-emWv \ne-sIm-p-Xv. F\nv Ah-\n \np ImcpWyw \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXn-pv. Atm Rm Ahs\ [n-cn-p-bm-sW-n BcmWv Amlp-hn\nv Fs klm-bn-m-\p-m-hp-I, AtmF\nv IqSpX \jvS- hnnm-\-m-sX \n {ianpntm.
AXm-bXv Rm Amlphn\n-p{]Ir-Xym-bpkmK-n\pw
]noSv F\nv \Inb Imcp-Wy-n\pwJp-B\ns Bi-bw FXn-cmbn \nsf
Xr]vXn-s-Sp-m thn am{Xw hgn-tISv kzoI-cn-p-I-bm-sW-n, Ahs inbn \nv \nss cn-m km[n-p-I-bn-. am{X-a, kamKw ImWnp-X-cp--Xn\p]Icw \nsf ZpamK-n-tev \bn--Xn\v F\nv \n-fpsS
inm`m-c-ns -]-vIqSn hn-pI-bmWv sNp-I. An-kmAv: 85, lqZv: 17
64. Fs P\ta, Am-lp-hns Cu HIw \nsmcp ZrjvSm--amIpp. AXn\m Am-lp-hns `qa-nbn tabp-X
- n\pthn AXns\
\n kzX-{-ambn hnSp-I. AXns\ Xn-bmbn kv]in-pI
t]mepacp-Xv. As\-sNbvXm \nsf ASp-p-Xs in ]nSnIq-Sp--Xm-Wv.
65.
]t Ah B H-Is shn-smp. Atm kmenlv ]dp: \n \n-fpsS hoSp-I-fn aqv ZnhkwIqSn kpJnp-sIm-
lqZv (11)
p-I, AXv Hpw If-hm--s-Sm Hcp hmKvZ--wXsbm-Ip-p.
335
66. \psS I]\ h-tm, kzmenln-s\bpw At-l-tm-sSm--ap

kXy-hnizmkw ssIsm-h
- s
- cbpw \n\n-p Imcp-WywsImvB Zn\-nse \ny-amb in-bn\nv \mw c-s-Sp-n. \nbw
\ns dv i\pw AP-\pw Xs-bm-Ipp.
"\n\n-p Imcp-WywsImv' Fv ]d--Xns hnh, 63mw
kq-n "F\nv Ah-\n \np ImcpWyw e`n-p-p-apv' Fv
]d-X
- nse Imcp-Wy-amb Jp-B\
- ns Bibw Xs-bm-Ip-p. kqw
67.
A{I-an-Ifmbh-sc Hcp tLmc-K\w ]nSn-Iq-Sn, Ah {]`m-X-n

Ah-cpsS hoSp-I-fn tNX-\-b-p-ho-Wp.
68.
Ah AhnsS Hcn-epw Pohn-n-cp-n-tbn FXv-t]mse. Adnn-cn-p-I, \nbw YaqZv AhcpsS \mYs\ \ntj-[n-p, Adn-ncn-p-I, YaqZv hw AXn-Zqcw Xqs-dn-b-s-p.
AAv-dm^v: 73-79 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
69. \nbw \psS ZqXam ktmj-hm-bp-ambn C_vdm-lo-antev

hnpm-bn-cpp. Ah ]d-p: kemw. C_vdmlow adp-]Sn \In:
\npw kemw. Xma-kn-bmsX C_vdmlow Hcp ]ipnSmhns\
]mIw sNbvXp-sIm-p-h-p.
C_vdmlow \_n-bpsS ASp--tev h "\psS ZqXam' sImp-t-inp-Xv a\p-jy-cq-]-n- h ae-p-IsfbmWv. Ah Xsf ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-nbn-cp-n-. AXn-\m A]-cn-N-nX-cmb h AXn-Yn-I-fp-am-bn-cn-p-sav IcpXn
C_vdmlow \_n Ahsc kI-cn-pI-bm-Wp-m-bXv. Am-cn-bm-v: 26, XSnsmcp ]ip-nSmhns\ ]mIw sNbvXp-sIm-p-hp FmWv ]d-n-p-Xv.
70.
Ah-cpsS ssII AXn-tev \ofp-n-sv I-tm At-l-n\v

Ah-cpsS-Im-cyn kwi-ba
- p-m-bn, Ahsc kw_-nv `bw tXmpIbpw sNbvXp. Ah ]d-p: \o `b-s-S-cp-Xv, \nbw R
eqns P\-X-bntev Ab-s--h-cm-Ip-p.
AXn-Yn-I `Ww Ign-mXncp--tm Ah-cpsS Dt-iyspdnv

C_vdmlow \_nv kwibw tXmn. h-hcpw BXnYyw kzoI-cn-m-Xn-cp-m
Ah AXn- Y n- I - f mbn h- h - c - , as- s - nepw ey- n- \ mbn h- h - c mWv
FmWw. ae-p-I-fm-sWv t_m[y-am-b-tm, Akm-[-cW k`--fn
am{Xta ae-p-I a\p-jy-cq-]
- n hcm-dp-q F-Xp-sImv; Ahsc Abv in
336
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
\S-n-em-p hn[-n-, h P\-Xbpw ]qW-ambn [nm-cn-Ifpw A{I-an-I-fpamtbm Fm-bn-cpp C_vdmlow \_n-bpsS `bn\v ImcWw. ABw: 47 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
71.
At-lns ]Xv\nbpw AhnsS \np-p-m-bn-cp-p. CXp-tIv

Ah Nncnp. Atm \mw Ahv Ckvlm-Jn-s\smpw
Ckv l m- J n- \ v ]ndsI bAv J q_n- s \smpw ktmjhm
Adnbnp.
BImw-tbmsS t\mn-\nncp C_vdmlow \_n-bpsS ]Xv\n kmd, {]IrXnhncp--amb {]hrn-bn Gsncp P\-X-sb \in-n-mthn Ab-sh-cmWv AXn-Yn-I-sfv tI-tm ktm-j-tmSpIqSn Nn-cn-p. ABw: 45 Iqnhm-bn-p-I. C_vdm-loan\v AXn\papv lmP-d-bn Ckvam-Cu P\n-n-p-m-bn-cpXn\m, kmd-sb-bmWv Ckvlm-Jns\smpw tijw bAvJq_ns\smpw
ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-p-Xv. Ckvlm-Jn-s\smpw Ckvlm-Jn-\v ]ndsI
bAvJq_n-s\smpw ktmjhm Adn-bn-Xn \npw Ckvlm-Jn-s\-b
_en-b-dp-m \nt-in-Xv Fv a\-n-em-Ww. am{X-a Ckvam-Cu-ens\pdnv
kl-\-io-e-\mb ]p{X Fv kzm^v^mv: 101 ]d-Xn \npw aIs\
_enbdpm\p I]-\v hnt[-b-\m-Im k--\m-bXv Ckvam-bn-em-sWpw
a\-n-em-Ww. Fm Ckvlm-Jns\pdn-v lnPv: 53, C{_m-ln-ans\ m\nbmb Hcp ]p{Xs\smv ktmj-hm Adn-bn-p FmWv ]d-n-p-Xv.
72.
Ah ]d-p: lm, F\nv Fp-]n! Rms\mcp In-g-hn-bmbncnt

C\n {]k-hn-p-Itbm? Ct-l-am-h-s, -hr--\m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-pp. \nbw CsXmcp ApXIc-amb Imcyw Xs!
73.
Ah ]d-p: Am-lp-hn-s -I]-\-bn \n B-cy-s-Sppthm? C_vdm-lo-ans hop-Im-tc \nfpsSta Am-lp-hn-s

Imcp-Wyhpw A\p-{K-l-ap-v. \nbw Ah kzbw kvXpXyl\mb
]pIs]--h-\mWv.
Am-cn-bm-v: 29, C_vdm-lo-ans `mcy ktm-j-tmsS apJ--Sn-psImv Ap-XtmSp-IqSn tNmZn-p: Rms\mcp Ing-hnbpw hy-bp-amW-tm, 30
ae-p-I Ah-tcmSv adp-]Sn ]d-p: A{]-Imcw kw`-hn-WsamWv \ns \mY
]d-bp--Xv. \nbw Ah bpn-\mb k-m-\n-Xsbtm. Ben-Cwdm: 40,47 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
74.
XpSv C_vdm-lo-ans kw{`-aw \on-tmhp-I-bpw, At-l-n\v

ktmjhm-hp-In-p-Ibpw sNbvX-tm, eqns P\-X-bpsS
Imcy-n Atlw \tmSv Xn-m Xp-S-n.
lqZv (11)
337
eqns P\-Xb
- psS Imcy-n C_vdmlow Xn-m Xp-S
- nbXv eqpw
IpSpw-_-hpw Ahn-sS-bp--Xn-\m-emWv. AI-_qv: 31-32, C_vdmlo-an-tev
ktmjhmbpw sImp-h \psS ZqXam eqns P\Xsb-p-dnv
]d-bp-I-bp-mbn: \nbw R Cu\m-nse \nhm-kn-Isf \in-n-p-I-bmWv.
C_vdmlo-w ]dp: \nbw AhnsS eqp-tm? ae-p-I ]dp: AhnsS
Bcm-Wp--sXv Gw \mbn Adn-bpXv \apv Xs-bm-Ip-p, \mw At-ltbpw At- l - ns IpSpw- _ mw- K - s f- b pw- c- s - S ppI Xs
sNpw]Xv\nsbsbmgn-v, Ah- ]pdwXncnv \np--h-cn s]-h-fm-bn-cnp-p Fv ]d-n-p-v. An-km-Av: 125- Amlp C_vdmln-ans\ B-an-{Xambn Xnc-s-Sp-n-cn-pp Fv ]d-n-p-v. AXvsIm-mWv, ASn-abpw DSabpw Xn-ep _-n-\p-]-cn-bmbn At]-n-pI FXn\v ]Icw XnpI F-]Zw {]tbm-Kn-Xv.
75.
\nbw C_vdmlow hfsc kl-\-io-e\pw Zbm-ephpw Bhn-mhnv ]m-]nv aS-p--h-\p-am-bn-cp-p.
kqd: C_vdm-lo-w: 36, C_vdmlow {]mn-p-I-bm-Wv, Fs \mYm, Cu

_nw_- P\--fn\nv A[n-I-t]-scbpw hgn-]n-g-n-n-cn-p-p. Atm Bscnepw Fs ]n]-p-p-sh-n Ah Fn s]-h-\m-Wv, Bsc-nepw Fs
[n-cn-p-p-sh-n-tem, Atm \nbw \o Gsd s]mdp-p--h\pw Icp-Wm-hmcn-[n-bp-a-tm. ChnsS Fs [n-cn-p-p-sh-n Ahsc inn-Ww Fp]-d-bmsX "\o s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp--Ww, \o Imcp-Wy-a-cp-fp--h-\tm' Fv ]d-Xv
C_vdmloans kl-\-io-esbmWv kqNn-n-p-Xv. BZy-L--n ]nXm-hn\v
thn s]mdp--ens\ tXSnb C_vdmln-an\v, ABw: 75 {]Imcw {]]--ns
B[n-]-Xy-L-S\ ImWn-p-sIm-Sp--tXm-sSmw ]nXm-hns m\w \c-I-n-emsWv ImWpIbpw ]nXm-hn\vthn s]mdp-ens\ tXSn-bXv sXm-sWv a\n-empIbpw tJZnp aS-pIbpw sNbvXXmWv Atlw Bhn-m-hnv
]m-]nv aS-p--h-\p-am-bn-cp-p Fv ]d-bm Imc-Ww. Amlp sImpI-f I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS Imcyn Hcp {]hm-N-I-t\m, hnizm-kntm Cu
\bw kzoI-cn-m ]mSp--X-. I]-S-hn-izm-knI hnNm-c-W-bn-msX \c-I-n
t]mtI--h-cm-Wv. Xu_: 73, 113114 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
76.
Hm C_vdm-low, AXns\ \o Ah-K-Wn-pI, \nbw Am-cy-n

\ns\mYs I]\ hp-I-gn-p. Xobmbpw dmsSm
in Ahcn hsngnp.
Jp-B-\ns As A`n-kw-t_m-[-Icmb C_vdmloansbpw Ckv-am-Cuen-sbpw hgn-]n-g km-\--fm-b- am-ap-ivcn-p-Ifpw, Ckvlm-Jnsbpw bAvJq_nsbpw hgn-]n-g km-\--fm-b- PqXss{I-kvX-hcpw; R kXy-n-epw
R-fpsS ]qnI ]nXm--fpsS amK-nepw Xs-bmsWv A`n-am-\n-p-hcpw apl-Zv \_nbpw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw Xs-bmWv ]ng--h-scv hmZnp--h-cp-
338
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
am-bn-cpp. Ben-Cw-dm: 67-68 Iqn-hm-bn-pI. CXn\v adp-]S- n-bm-bn-m-Wv \qlnsbpw
lqZn-sbpw kzmen-lnsbpw C_vdmln-ansbpw eqn-sbpw Imcy-n \S
bYm- kw-`hNcn{Xw ChnsS hnh-cn-p-Xv.
Fm Cv Cu kq--sfmw ]mcm-bWw sNp apkvenwI, JpB-\ns Bi-bs "kam-\-amb D]-tam-Zm-l-c-Wambn' D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m-Xv
ImcWw As am-ap-ivcn-p-Isfbpw PqXss{I-kvX-hscbpwt]mse-s,
R Am-lp-hns Bfp-I-fm-sW-pw R AYhm Ipd-p-Imew \c-I-n
Igntbn-h-mXs, {]hm-N-I\pw alm-m--fp-samw ip]mi sNbvXv
Rsf kzK-n-senp--Xm-sWpw A`n-am\np-Ibpw hmZn-pIbpw sNpp. _Jd: 80 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Jp-B\ns Bm-hns\ Xncn--dn-bm-sX
AXns ico-c-s am{Xw Ah-ew_nv Pohn-p--h-cm-b-XmWv Ccw A-hnizmkw shp-]p-em ImcWw. bYm-n `qan AXns kp-e-\-n
\ne-\nm-\p Jp-B-\ns Bibw kzbw D]-tbm-Kn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw ap-hv Fn-p-sIm-Sp-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpI hgn ap--h-cpsS ]m]-`mcwIqSn
hlnv \c-I-n t]mtInh-cp Ah, `qanbpsS \min\p thKX Iqp
A{I-an-I-fmbn amdn-bn-cn-p-I-bm-W-v. ABw: 25-26, Xu_: 67-68, 80, 84, lqZv: 4647
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
77.
\psS ZqXam eqzns ASp-se-n-b-tm Atlw AhcpsS Imcyn hfsc ZpxJnX\pwP\--sfsmv Ahsc XS-bm
Ign-bm-\n-lm-bm-h ImcWw a\w app--h-\p-am-bn-o-p.
Atlw ]d-pt]mbn: CsXmcp ZpLSw ]nSnZn\w Xs!!
cv kpap-Jam-cmb bphm--fpsS cq]-n-emWv ae-p-I eqv\_n-bpsS

ASpv hXv. Ah ae-p-I-fm-sWv eqv \_nv a\-n-em-bn-cp-n-. Xs
P\X hfscb[nIw Zphr-cpw \ne-cpw Bbn--gn-n-cpsv At-l-n\v
\-t]mse Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-Xp-sIm-mWv Cu AXn-Yn-I-fpsS Imcy-n At-ln\p hfsc ZpxJhpw a\wapepw A\p`h-s-Xv.
78.
At-l
- ns P\X At-l
- n-s ASptev Da-cmbn ]mSp-p. AXn\p apt Ah Ccw \oN-hr-n-I sNp-h-cm-bncp-p. Atlw ]d-p: Hm Fs P\-ta, CXm Fs s]a--,
Ah-cm-Ipp \nv Gsd hnip--cm-bn-p--h. \n Am-lphns\ `b-s-Sp-hn. Fs AXn-Yn-I-fpsS Imcy-n Fs \n
\ny-cm-m-Xn-cn-pIbpw sNp-hn. Fv, \n-fn hnthI-ap
Hcm-fp-an-s-tm?
AI-_q-v: 28-29 Amlp ]d-bpp: eqv Xs P\-X-tbmSv ]d

k`w kvac-Wo-b-am-Wv. \n temI-cn BcpwXs apvsNm t
{]hn-If
- n-em-Wtm Gs-n-cn-p-X
- v. \n-fpsS ImahnImcw ian-n-p-Xn\p-
lqZv (11)
339
thn \n ]pcp-jam-sc kao-]n-p-Ibpw {]Ir-Xn-]camb amK-s apdnpIfbp-Ibpw, \n-fpsS k`-I-fnshv ]c-ky-ambn \oN-Ir-Xy-- sNp-IbpamtWm?
Fv eqv tNmZntm B P\-XbpsS adp-]Sn: \o kXyw ]d-bp--h-\m-sWn Am-lp-hns in-bnv sImp-h-cnI F-msX asm-pambn-cp-n.
amK-sf apdnpIf-bpI Fp-]-d-m, Am-lp-hns amKamb, {]Ir-Xn]camb amK-n\v hncp--amb {]h-\--fn Gs-Sp-I, sIm, Ih XpSnb Ip--fn apgp-IpIhgn kam-[m-\-]qamb bm{Xpw Pohn-X-n\pw XSw
hcp-pI Fsmam-Wv. Atm B P\X kzhK-kw-t`m-K-sa Xnam{X-ambn-cp-n sNbvXn-cp--Xv, X-fpsS k`-I-fnshv ]c-ky-ambn Ccw AXn-{I-a sNp--Xn en-p--h-cmbn Hcm-fp-ap-m-bncp-n-.
Xaq-Zn' Cu P\-Xsbpdnv hnh-cn-n-p-Xns cXv\-Np-cpw NphsS
tNpp: Hcn- bm{Xmaty kZqw ]-W-n Xma-kn-tnh Hcp
Gemankmcn, BtcmSpw BXnYyw Bh-iy-sSmsX Hcp ac-ns Nph-n
DdpI-bm-bn-cpp. ]t kZqwImc-\mb Hcm \n_-nv Abmsf Xs
hontev sImp-t]m-bn, cm{Xn-bnXs Abm-fpsS IgpX I-h-S--c-p-I-tfmsSmw tamjvSn--s-p. AbmfpsS BhemXn Bcpw sNhn-sIm-n-sv am{X-a-,
\mp-Im Abm-fpsS _mn-bp km[-\-t]mepw sIm-b-SnpI-bm-Wp-mb-Xv. Hcn- C_vdmlo-ans ]Xv\n kmd eqns hop-Im-cpsS kpJhnh-c-
Adn-bp--Xn\v thn Xs ASn-a-bmb bAvkdns\ kZq-an-te--b-p. ]-W-ntev IS--tm Xs bAvk IXv kZqwImc Hcp hntZ-insb ASn-p-Xm-Wv. Hcp hntZ-in-bmb bm{X-m-c-t\mSv C-s\bmtWm s]cp-am-dp-Xv Fv
tNmZn-p-sImv bAvk Abmsf \mWn-n-m {ian--tm bAvkdns Xe
Xs tOZn-p-I-bmWv Abm sNbvX-Xv.
asmcn- FhnsS \ntm ]-W-n h Hcp ]c-tZinv Bcpw Xs
Blm-c-sampw sImSp-n-. hni-ns ImTn\yw ImcWw Hcn-Sv Ah-i-\mbn
InS Abmv eqns aI Ipdv `Ww Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p. AXns
t]cn eqns\bpw aIsfbpw Ah- Bt-]npIbpw Ccw {]hn-I sNpIbm-sW-n X-fpsS \mn Xma-kn-m km[n-p-I-bn-sv ò-Wns-Sp-p-IbpamWv sNbvXXv.
Hcp bm{X-m-c\pw B \mn-eqsS kpc-n-X-\mbn IS-p-t]m-Im km[y-ambn-cp-n-. hntZ-inbmb Hcmpw B \mp-Im-cn \npw Hcp sdmn-p-pt]mepw e`n-ncpn-. AYhm Hcp hntZin AhnsShv ]nWnsImv acn-p-Ibm-sW-n Cu P\- Abm-fpsS hkv{Xw Agn-sSpv PUw \-ambn Ipgnv
aqSp-am-bn-cp-p. X-fpsS ae-s-cphp-Ifn ssaep-I-tfmfw \op-In-S-p tXm Ahpm-bn-cpp. Cu tXmw Zphrn-I-fpsSbpw apw tIfo--e-am-bncp-p. eqv \_n-bp-sS-X-m asm-cp- \mhpw Ahsc AXn\nv hne-n-bn-cpn-. As\ kzbw \nb-{Wwhn {`mam-cmb Hcp P\-Xb
- mbn amdn-bt- mgmWv
Ahsc \in-n-p--Xv. lnPv: 6772 t\mpI.
340
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
\n-fpsS {]Ir-Xnv hncp--amb \nfpsSkzhKkw-t`m-K-t-m,
hnImcwian-n-p--Xn\v {]IrXn \n-bn-n-p Fs Cu s]a--fmWv
\sXmWv eqv \_n- Xs P\XtbmSv ]d-bp-Xv. An-km-Av: 119, Amlp
krjvSn Ah-b-h-sf Rm AXn-\-msX ap-h-gnv amn-a-dn-p-sav ]nim-Nv
Am-lp-hn-t\m-Sv i-]Yw sNbvXv ]d-bp-p. An-km-Av: 119-120 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI. "enhmv' sNp--h-s\bpw sN-s-Sp--h-s\bpw sImWw FmWv
\_n ]Tnn-n-p-Xv. Jp-B AXn\v in hn[n-n-n. Fm hy`n-Nm-c-n\v
Jp-B in hn[n-n-pv. An-km-Av: 15-16 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. Atm
Xs asf hy`n-Nm-c-n\v hnp-sIm-Spp-I-b eqv \_n sNp--Xv, hy`nNmcw \S-n-bmepw AXn\v in Gp-hmn ]m-]np aSn kamK-ntev hcm-hp--XmWv. Fm {]Ir-Xnv hncp--ambn enhmv sNp-h-s\bpw
sN-s-Sp--h-s\bpw sImW-sa-mWv I]\. sN-s-Sp--h-\mb \njvI-f-s\
h[n--W-sav ]d-Xv, B hnv ChnsS `qan-bn Ah-ti-jn--cpsX \nem-Wv. AAvdm^v: 8084 t\mp-I.
Fm Cv Cukq---sfmw ]mcm-bWw sNp--h-cmWv {]Ir-Xnv
hncp--amb Ccw Zphr-n-I-fn-semw ap]-n-bn-sev Jp-B-\ns Bibw
Dc-mbn, {]Im-i-ambn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--hv a\-n-em-mw. hn[n-Zn-hkw
Ah-cpsS sXmen-Ifpw ImgvN-Ifpw tIhn-I-fp-samw Ahs-Xnsc kmyw hlnp-sav Igp-X -`mcwhlnpXpt]mse Jp-B-\ns\h-ln-p Cu Zphram a\-n-em-p-n-. Jp-B-\ns\ Xn--d-bpXv `-W-am-nb Ah-cpsS
PohnXcoXn ImcWw AapkvenwI Jp-B-\ns Bibw hmbn-m t]mepw
Xm]-cyw ImWn-p-n-. As\ ABw: 25-26 kq--v hnt[-b-am-bnAh- Ahscs \in-n-p-I-bmWv, Fm AX-h Xncn--dn-bp-n-. Amlp-hns Ncy A\p-kc
- nv `qan \in-n-s
- -SpI Ch-cpsS Ic-f
- m XsbmWtm
Fv Advdqw: 41, ^mXzn: 45 kq--fn ]d-Xv a\-n-emn kam-[m-\n-pI
am{Xta hniz-mkn-Iv \nhm-l-ap-q. AAvdm^v: 164170 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
79.
Ah ]d-p: \nbw \n\v Adn-bm-a-tm \ns s]a--fn

Rv bmsXmcp Xm]-cy-hp-an-sv, \nbw R FmWv
B{K-ln-p--sXpw \n\v Xs Adn-bmatm.
80.
eqv ]d-p: lm IjvSw, \nfn F\nv h inbpw Dm-bncps-n As-n iam-sbmcp Xmv F\nv Ah-ew-_n-m\p-m-bn-cp-s-n!!
Ckvem-ans amKw Ism-gn B hrn-sIP\X, Xs s]a-sf D]tbm-K-s-Sp-n-bn-s-nepw {]Ir-Xnv hncp--amb amK-n \nv hnp-\npI
Fv eqv\_n ]d--tm AXv tIm t]mepw Xm-dn-msX \n\v
icnpw Adn-bm-atm Rv FmWv Bh-iy-ap-Xv Fv e-bn-msX
]d-p-sImv B Zphrn am{Xta sNq F imTy-n \ne-sIm-p-I-bmWv
lqZv (11)
341
sNbvX-Xv. Atm Ah-cn \nv kpc-n-X-amb GsX-nepw A`-b-m\w e`ns-n AhnsS A`bw tXSm-am-bn-cpp Fv t]mepw epv\_nv tXmn-tmbn. iam-sbmcp Xmv F\nv Ah-ew-_n-m-\p-m-bn-cp-s-n F-p]d-Xn\nv eqv\_nv s]a- am{Xta Dm-bn-cp-pp Ba-tfm, ap
hnizm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jamtcm epv\_n-bpsS IqsS Dm-bn-cp-n Fv a\-nem-m-hp-XmWv. Am-cn-bmv: 36- kkzw Am-lp-hn\v kan--h-cpsS
H hoSv t]mepw AhnsSbpm-bn-cp-n Fv ]d-n-p-v. AXm-bXv epv \_nbpsS hoSv t]mepw \ntj-[n-I-fns, Inf-hn-bmb At-l-ns ]Xv\n ImcWw
apgp-h AwK-fpw hniz-kn-I-fmb apkvenwIfpsS hoSpI-fn Ds]-n-cp-n-
FmWv. Cv apgp-h AwK--fpw hnizm-kn-Ifmbn-p H apkvenwhoSp-t]mepw
temIv Fhn-sSbpw Cmhn[w apkvenwI hnL-Snv hnhn[ aXwIW-s
`nn-p-t]m-bn-p-sv JpB DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iambn D]-tbm-Kn-m a\-n-emm-hp--Xm-Wv. ]nX-e-ap-d-Iv Pohn-m DX-Ip hn[-n `qan AXns
kp-e-\-n \ne-\nm-\p {Xmkmb Jp-B-\ns Bibw \n-sf-nepw
D]-tbm-K-s-Sp--W-sa-m-Wv AapkvenwI-tfmSv ]d-bm-\p-Xv. amCZ: 48, AAv-dm^v:
157-158, Xu_: 123-125 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
81.
ae-p-I ]d-p: Hm eqv, \nbw R \ns \mY-\n

\np ZqXam-cmIp-p. Cu Bfp-If
- psS ssII \nn-tev FpI-bn-. AXp-sImv cm{Xn Iptd sNnv \o IpSpw-_-sbpw Iqn
]pd-s-S-Ww. \n-fn Hcmfpw Xncnpt\mp-Ibpacp-XvFm
\ns ]Xv\nsbmgn-v. \nbw Ahsc _m[n-p in Ahsfbpw
_m[n-pXv Xs-bm-Wv. Ah-tcmSv hmKvZw sNbvXn-p kabw
{]`m-X-as{X, {]`mXw F{Xbpw ASp-s-n--gn-n-t.
Ip-fpsS êw Cl-tem-Iv shpXs A\p-`-hn-p--Xn \nv {]hmN- I am- c p- a mtbm almm- f p- a mtbm D c- _ - tam, hwi- _ - tam,
hnhml_tam, Ah-cpsS ip]mitbm Bscbpw cn-p-I-bn-s ]mTw P\sf ]Tn-n-m thn Cu kqd-n D-cn aqm-as kw`-ham-WnhnsS
hnh-cn-npXv. Alvcow: 10- Fm-e-p-ap \ntj-[n-Iv amXr-I-bmbn
\qlns `mcy-tbbpw eqns `mcy-tb-bp-amWv Amlp FSp-p--cn-n-p--Xv.
Xu_: 23-24, lqZv: 4547, 75 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
82.
As\ \psS I]\ h-tm \mw B \mSns\ Iogvta adnp. AXn-\p-aosX Np-aI--I XpSscpSsc \mw hjn-npIbpw sNbvXp.
83.
Ah-bn Hmtcm Ipw \ns \mYs ASp- AS-bm-f-s-Sp-n-bXm-bn-cp-p. AXv A{I-an-I-fn\nv Hpw hnZq-c-a-.
kZqw {]tZ-i-s Iogvta adn-p-I-bpw, Xoq-f-bn NpsSp CjvSn-I-t]m-
342
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
ep Ip-I-fpsS in-bmb agXs Dm-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ahbn Hmtcm
Ipw \ns \mYs ASp- AS-bm-f-s-Sp-n-bn-p-m-bn-cpp Fp-]-d-Xns hnh-, Hmtcm Ipw in-bn AXn\v sNm-\p IrXy-n-\p-thn
Am-lp-hn-\m sXsc-s-Sp--s-n-cpp FmWv kmcw. "AXv A{I-an-I-fn
\nv Hpw hnZq-c-a' Fp-]-d-Xv Cu \mSv A{I-an-I-fmb [nm-cn-I-fmb am
apivcnp-I-fn \npw hfsc hnZq-c-a Fpw, Cv GsXmcp P\X Cu B{I-ans amKn Ncn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-pthm Ah-cpw in X-fn\nv hfsc
hnZq-c-am-sWv [cn-t-Xn Fpam-Wv. eqv P\-Xv in `hn-m-sa-n
Acw {]hrn sNp GsXmcpP\- X pw in hp`hn- pIXs
sNpsav kmcw.
epns P\-Xsb \in-n--Xn \nv ]mTw DsmmsX am-apivcnpI inpthn, "Am-lp-th, Cu Jp-B \nn\np kXywXs-bmsW-n \o Rp aosX BIm-ip\nv Ncag hjn-np-Itbm, Asn at-sX-nepw thZ-\m-P-\-I-ambin Rv sImp-hcnItbm sNpI'
Fv shp-hnfn \Snb-Xm-bn- A^m: 32 ImWw. "Fm \o Ah-cn
Dm-bn-cnptm Am-lp- Ahsc inn-p--X-, Ah s]mdp--ens\
tXSnsm-n-cnptmgpw Amlp Ahsc inn-p-X-' FmWv 33mw kq
{]Imcw Amlp Ahv adp-]Sn \InbXv. Atm Jp-B-\ns samw
Bibw Dsmv \_n-bpsS PohnXw kmy-s-Spn Pohn-p H hnizmkn-t]mepw temI-sm-cn-Spw CmsX hcp-tm-gmWv temIw Ah-km-\n-p-I.
Cv \mKcnI Pohn- X - n \n- I v , ùXnI kpJm- V w- _ - c - - f n
\nsmw hnv\nv PK-n-b-m-hns\ am{Xw kvacn-p-sImv h\m--c--fn Pohnp ssl-h--ss{I-kvXh k\ym-kn-am temIv ]e-bn-S--fn-ep-ap--Xp-sImpw Jp-B-\ns Bibw AW--p-]-tbm-Knv ISn-p-]n-Sn-n-cn-p H-s hnizmkn-I D-Xp-sIm-pamWv `qansb Iogvta adn--s-Sp--Xp-t]m-ep in kw`hn-m-Xn-cn-p-Xv. F-msX, sFln-I-kp-Jm-V-w_-c--fn apgpIn Jp-B-\ns
Bibs aqSn-shv \oNhpw \nIr-jvS-hp-amb Imcy-v ad-bn-Sp \a-kvImchpw t\mpw lpw Dwdbpw ]nIfpw sImp-\-S-p; {]Ir-Xnvhncp--amb
kwkvIm-c- hfp Ad-_n-tm-tf-Pp-Ifpw A\m-Y-im-e-Ifpw ]n-ZkpIfpw ]cn-]m-en-p apkvenw P\_m-lpeyw DXvsIm. Rm \_n-bm-sWv
BZy-n-epw ]noSv dv Xs-bm-sWpw hmZn-p ako-lp--m-ens kzKw
kzoI-cnv \c-I-n ]nbp-sSbpw ]n-bp-sSbpw cq]-n ]p\Po-hn-n--sSm hn[n- - s - - h - c pam- W - h . kymkn thj- n Imhn- h kv { Xw [cnv
Cukm\_n hm Jp-B-\ns Bibw apdp-sI-n-Snv Pohn-p temI-sm-bn-S-p-ap H-s hnizm-kn-Ifpw AapkvenwI-fp-samw H kwL-ambn -amdpIbpw An-km-Av: 91, Xu_: 123, Alvkm_v: 61 XpS-nb kq--fpsS I]\
\S-n-em-p--Xp-am-Wv. temImh-km\w hsc-bp Fm Ne-\-fpw apl-Zv\_nbn-eqsS ]Tn-n--Xn\v tijw am{X-amWv, {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb ktemI-fpw
lqZv (11)
343
`cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p Amlp At-ls Xncnv hnfn-n-p--Xv. Cv Am-lphn-s\bpw \_nsbbpw Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n am{X-am-Wv ImWpI. An-kmAv: 159, amCZ: 60, AAvdm^v: 175-176, Xu_: 108, bq\pkv: 98 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
84.
aZvb hmkn-I-fn-tev Ah-cpsS ktlm-Z-c ipsF_ns\bpw \ntbmKnnpm-bn-cp-p. Atlw ]d-p: Hm Fs P\-ta, \n Amlp-hn-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p-h
- c
- m-hp-I, \nv Ahs\qSmsX
asmcp Cem-lp-an-Xs. \n Afhv Xq--fn Ipdhv hcpm- X n- c n- p- I bpw sNp- I . \nbw Rm \nsf Cv
\nXnbn ImWp-p. Fm kI-e-scbpw hebw sNp
Hcp-\m-fnse in \n-fp-sS-ta B]-Xn-p-sav Rm `b-s-SpIbpw sNp-p.
AXm-bXv Af-hnepw Xq-nepw Ir{Xnaw ImWn-p \nsf Ctmgs Ah--bn Pohn-m hnSp-sav Icp-tX--Xn-. Fs \ntbm-Kn-n-pXv \n AI-s-n-p Xn "\oXn-bmb' Jp-B\
- ns Bi-bw-sImv DWp-Xn-\v thn-bmWv. \n \n-fpsS sNbvXn-I Xncp-msX aptmv t]mIpI-bm-sW-n Hcp ITn-\a
- mb inv \n hnt[-ba
- m-IpI Xs sNpw. bq\pkv:
85. Hm Fs P\ta, \n \oXn-sImv icnpw Afhpw Xqhpw
]qn-bm-p-hn. BfpIv Ah-cpsS km[-\--fn Ipdhv hcpmXn- c n- pIbpw `qan- b n \miw hnXv AXns\ \innmthn HmSn-\-S-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpho.
apX^v^nô: 13 Amlp ]d-bpp: P\--tfmSv Ctmv Afv Xqn
hmp-tm ]qn-bmn hmp-I-bpw, Atmv sImSp-p-tm Af-hnepw
Xq-nepw Ipdhv hcp-p-Ibpw sNp-hmWv \miw. Aqd: 17, lZo-Zv: 25
kq-fn Jp-B Xpem-km-sW-pw, AXn-\m Fmw Cu Xpemkv D]-tbmKnv Xq-W-sapw ]d--Xns hnh-, Fm-Im-cy-pw Jp-B\pw Amlphpw kmn-bm-bn-pv F t_m[-n Xpem-kmb Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n
\oXn-]qw Fm-bvt]mgpw \ne-sIm--W-samWv. amCZ: 8, bq\pkv: 47 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
86.
Amlphn Ah-ti-jn-p em`-am-Ipp \nv Ghpw Daam-bn-pXv\n hnizm-kn-I-fm-sW-n. Rm \n-fpsS kqnp-Im-c-s\m-p-a-.
Amlp CjvS-s-Sp hn[-n-ep-, Am-lp-hns\ kmy-s-Sp-n-smp Afhpw Xqhpw \S-n-smv e`n-p A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amb em`-hn-ln-XamWv \nv DIr--am-bn-p-Xv, AmsX P\--fpsS km[-\--fn Af-
344
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
hnepw Xq-nepw Ir{XnawImWnv `n-m AXv Cl-n Xs \nv
tZmj-am-bn-cn-pw, ]c-n B icocw \c-I-n Icn-tb-n-h-cnIbpw sNpw.
Ben-Cw-dm: 30, An-km-Av: 29-30, AAvdm^v: 85-86 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
87.
Ah ]dp: Hm ipsF_v, \ns \a-kvIm-ca

- mtWm, R-fpsS ]qnI ]nXm-am C_m-Zv sNbvXn-cp--hsb shSn-b-W-sapw Asn R-fpsS [\w R Dt-in-pwhn[w ssIImcyw sNphm
Rv kzmX-{y-an-spw \ntmSv ]d-bm I]n-p--Xv?
\nbw \osbmcp kl-\-io-e\pw hnthIimenbpw Xs!!
\nbw kzoI-cn--s-Sp \a-kvImcw \oNhpw \njnhp-amb {]hnIsfsmv XS-bp-sav AI-_q-v: 45 ]d-n-p-v. Atm ipsF_v \_nbpsS \a-kvImcw kzoI-cn--s-Sp-Xpw \oNhpw \njn--hp-amb Afhnepw Xqnepw Ir{Xnaw ImWn-p--Xp-t]m-ep {]h-n-Isfsmv XS-bp--Xp-am-bn-cpp. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-nep Amlp-hns I]-\-I-fmWv \sbn
AXnse hntcm-[--fmWv Xn. Atm Jp-B-\ns Bibw P\--fn-tev
Fn-m--h-cpsS \a-kvIm-ctam t\mtm kzoI-cn--s-Sp--X-. _Jd: 186,
Xu_: 53-54 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. hnizm-kn-I \a-kvI-cn-p-Xv Xzmlm: 14
]dXv {]Imcw Amlphns kvacWJp-B\ns Bi-bw \ne-\np-Xn-\p-th-n-bm-Wv. Am-lp-hns kva-cW AYhm Jp-B\ns Bibw XsbmWv ]c-a-{]-[m-\-sav AI-_q-v: 45 Xs ]d-n-p-v. Fm Cv
Bmhv ]s-Sp-msX icocwsImv \a-kvIcnp apkvenwIfpsS \a-kvImcw,
Ah- c psS Pohn- X - t a- J - e - I - f n Am- l p- h ns\ Dd- n- n- S - n- s Im- v \pW- ,
kzhkwt`mKw, ]qgvn-sh-v, Icn--, Ipg-Ww, I--S-v, Af-hnepw
Xq-nepw Ir{Xn-aw, ]eni CS-]m-Sp-I XpSn Fm Ip-IrXyp-ap
Hcp adbmbn amdn-bn-cn--bm-Wv. Ccw \a-kvImcw aptJ\ Ah hnn\nv
AvsX-dn-p-t]m-Ip hn[-n Zo\n\nv sXdn-p-t]m-Ip-Xpw, \a-kvI-cn-Xn\v ]ng-bm-bnv Ahv \c-I-p-WvTw e`n-p--XpamWv. Xu_: 111-112 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI.
Cs apkvenwI, ipsF_v \_n-bpsS P\-X-sb-tmseXs, X-fpsS
[\w sNe-hgnv kzKw ]Wn-bpI F ey-t_m[w \-sh-cmbn, \a-kvImcw,
t\mv XpS-nb I sNpI-bpw, Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX Jp-B ]mcm-bWw
sNp-Ibpw sNbvXm aXn F an \in-n--s-Sm [rXn Iqn-sm-n-cnp Hcp P\-X-bmbn A[x-]-Xn-n-cn--bmsWv Jp-B-\ns Bibw "{Xmkmbn'
D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-nbm a\-n-em-mw. A-Im-kp: 8, hn[n-Zn-hkw Fm A\p{K-l--sf-p-dnpw \n tNmZyw sN-s-SpI Xs sNpw F kqsampw
ImWm an-ep Hcp Pohn-X-N-cy-bmWv Jp-B Igp-X-I-sf-tmse hln-p
Cu P\X \bn-p--sXv "DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iambn' Jp-B-\ns Bibw D]-tbmK-s-Sp-n-bm a\n-em-hpw.
lqZv (11)
345
"\nbw \osbmcp kl-\-io-e\pw hnthIimenbpw XsbmIpp' Fv
ipsF_v \_n-bpsS P\X At-l-s ]cn-l-kn-p-sImv ]dXv Xs-bmWv
am apivcnp-I apl-Zv \_n-tbmSpw ]d--Xv. Fm Cv Fm Hmtcm
Bbn-c-nepw Hv am{Xta kzK-n- {]th-in-p-I-bq-q, B Hm-Im Hmtcm
Bmhpw lrZ-bw-sImv {]mn-pI Xs thW-sav hnizmkn ]d-bp-tm:
""Cbm am{Xw Hcp XnI--h, Am-lp-hns Imcp-Wys Xn--d-p-sImv
Fm-h-scbpw Im^n-dpw ap\m-^n-Jp-I-fp-amn \c-I-n-temp-I-bmWv Cbm.
Atm ]ns kzKw Bp--XmWv?'' FsmamWv Cu sIP\X ]cn-lmk-]qw tNmZn-p--Xv. Jp-B kq- aqSn-sh-p-I-hgn Amlp h[n-p-If Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I ap--hsc-qSn \c-I-n-tev ]nSn-p-h-env
sImp-t]m-Ip--h-cm-Wv. An-km-Av: 118, AAvdm^v: 179, bq\pkv: 33, 103, lqZv: 8
88. ipsF_v tNmZn-p: Hm Fs P\-ta, \n kzbw Nnn-n-p-tm,
Rm Fs \mY-\n \np Hcp sXfn kmy-nta-em-Wv.
IqSmsX F\nv Ah-\n \np Ghpw \ hn`hw e`n-p-papv. \n-sf GsXmcp ImcyssXmmtWm hntcm-[n-psIm-n-cnpXv, B Imcy-w \n ImWmsX kzbw sNm Rm Hpw
Dt-in-p-p-an-tm. F\nv Ign-bp-{X \n-fpsS {]hrnI
\mn Xom-\-msX Rm Dt-in-p-n. Rm Fsmw
{]hr-n-I sNm Dt-in-p-p-thm, AXns kIe DX-hnbpw
Am-lp-hn \n-msXbpa. Rm Ah-\n-emWv `c-ta]n-n-cn-pXv. Rm Ah-\n-tev Xs-bmWv kI-e-Im-cy-pw XncnbpXpw.
kq-n "Ghpw \- hn-`hw e`n-p-p-apv' Fp-]d
-
X
- v Jp-B\ns
Bibsp-dnmWv. AXv Bm-hns `-Whpw hkv{X-hp-am-sWv AAvdm^v:
26- ]d-n-pv. Atm Bm-hns `-Whpw hkv{X-hpw D]-tbm-K-s-Spp--h GXv `-Whpw hkv{X-hpw ]cn-ip-hpw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-hpamtWm Fv
hne-bn-cpn am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn-pI hgn \c-IssXmv Ah-c-hsc XS-bp--XmWv. _Jd: 26-27, bq\pkv: 59, lqZv: 17 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
89.
Hm Fs P\-ta, FtmSp \n-fpsS {`m-amb FXnpw, hnLSnepw \nsf \qlns P\Xsb As-n lqZns P\Xsb
As-n kmen-lns P\-Xsb _m[n--Xp-t]m-ep almhn]v
_m[n-m CS-h-cp-m-Xn-cn--s, eqns P\w \n-fn \nv
Gsd-sbmpw AI-se-bpa--tm.
"eqns P\w \n-fn \nv Gsd-sbmpw AI-se-bpa--tm' Fv ]dXv aZvb \nhm-kn-I-fmb ipsF_v \_nbpsS P\-X-bn \nv eqns P\X
hfsc AI-se-b-msX ASp- {]tZ-i-mWv Xma-kn-ncpXv Fpw ASp--Im-
346
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
e-mbn Pohn--h-cpam-bn-cp-p FpamWv.

90.
\n \n-fpsS DS-ab
- mb \mY-t\mSv s]mdp-e
- ns\ tXSp-Ibpw ]ns
Ah-\n-tev tJZnv aS-p-Ibpw sNp-hn. \nbw Fs \mY
Imcp-Wy-hm\pw, Gsd kvt\l-aph\p-am-Ip-p.
Ah \bpw Xnbpw Hmtcm-cp-pw \In-bn-p-v. Xn-I Ahc-hcpsS ssIIsImv Xs-bmWv Dm-hp--Xv. An-km-Av: 78-79 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI. Rm Fs ASn-a-I-tfmSv A]w t]mepw A\oXn ImWn-p-I-bn-sv
Ben-Cw-dm: 182, A^m: 51, lv: 10, Jm^v: 29 XpS-nb kq--fn ]dn-p-v. _pdq-Pv: 14, Ah Gsd s]mdp-p--h\pw kvt\l-aph-\p-amWv
Fp-]-d-n-p-v. hnizm-kn-I Cs\ {]mntXmWv. Hm sFi-cy-hm\pw
XpS-w-Ip-dn-p--h\pw HSpwIpdn-p--h-\pw Imcp-Wy-hm-\pw kvt\l-hm\pam-bnp--ht\, \o ]cn-ip-\mIpp. Rsf \ns \njn--s-smv A\p-h-Z-\o-bam-bh sImpw, \ns [n-cn-p--Xns\smv \n\v hgn-s-Sp--Xp-sIm-pw,
\nt-X-m am-cp-sSbpw Bh-iy-an-m-bva-sImpw sFiz-cy-hmamcmt-W-ta.
^mnl: 2, AAv-dm^v: 178 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
91.
Ah ]d-p: Hm ipsF-_v, \o ]d-bp-Xv A[n-Ihpw R-v a\n-em-Ip-t-bn-. \nbw R \ns ImWp-Xv Rn-Sbnse Hcp Zp_-e-\m-bn-mWv. \ns _p--fp-m-bn-cp-n-s-n
R \ns Ftm Is-dnv HmSn-pam-bn-cp-p. \o RfpsSta AP-s\m-p-a-.
Fm Imepw Am-lp-hns ham-\a

- mb Jp-B\ns Bibw Amlp
Dt-in Bi-b-n ]d-bp-tm "Cu Jp-B \n tI-cpXv \n
A]-i_vZw Dm-pI Fm \n AXn-P-bn-psav' Fm Ime-p-ap
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifmb Im^n-dp-I {]-b Im^n-dp-I-tfmSv ]dv Jp-B\ns
Bibn \nv Ahsc XS-bp-sav ^pkvkzn-ev: 26-29 ]d-n-p-v. Ccw
\c-I-ns hnd-Ip-Iv Jp-B-\ns Bibw a\-n-em-m-\m-hm hn[w lrZb--fnepw sNhn-I-fnepw aqSn-C-n-p-sv An-km-Av: 78, ABw: 25-26 kq-fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ImWpI. Fm-Im-epw hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw {]hm-NIam-scbpw H-s _e-lo-\am-cm-bn-mWv \ntj-[n-I ImWp-I. Pnv: 24-
\ntj-[n-I-tfmSv hmKvZw sNbvXn-p Zn\w ImWp-tm Bcm-Wv F-nepw
klm-b-nepw Zp_-e-scv Ah Adn-bp-I-X-s-sNpw Fv ]d-n-p-v.
AAvdm^v: 179, bq\pkv: 33, lqZv: 2022 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
\ns IpSpw-_-ap-m-bn-cp-n-s-n R \ns Isdn-v HmSnp-ambn-cpp Fv ipsF_v \_n-tbmSv At-l-ns P\X ]d AtX òj-Wn-Xs-bmbn--cpp a-bn apl-Zv \_n-v t\scbpw Dm-bn-cp--sXv A^m:
30s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ImWp-I. \wev: 48-49, YaqZv kap-Zm-b-n `qan-bn
lqZv (11)
347
\mi-ap-m-p, Hpw \sNm HXv tKm{X-m-cpm-bn-cp-s-pw, Ah
Am-lp-hn BW-bn-p-sImv: \mw kzmenln-s\-bpw, At-l-ns IpSpw-_sbpw \mam-h-ti-j-am-p-I-bpw, ]ns At-l-ns cm-[n-Im-cn-bpsS apn
Ahs \io-I-c-W-n\v R kmn-bm-bn-cp-n-, R kXyw ]d-bp-h
Xs-bm-sWv ]d-bm-sapw -Kq-Vm-tem-N\ \S-n-b-Xmbn ]d-n-p-v. ABw:
123-124, AAvdm^v: 87-88 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
92.
ipsF_v tNmZnp: Hm Fs P\-ta, Fs IpSpw-_s

- bmtWm \n
Am-lp-hn-t\m {]Xm-]-ap--Xmbn ImWp-Xv? \n Ahs\
\nm-c-\mbnv \n-fpsS ]pd-Inte-m-p-I-bpamtWm? \nbw
Fs \mY \n {]hn-p--sXmw hebw sNbvX-h-\m-Ipp.
Am-lp-hns\ \nm-c-\mbn ]pd-In-te-m-pI F-Xns hnh Amlp-hns\ ImWmsX Iv `b-s-Sm-\p Jp-B-\ns Bi-bs ]pd-In-te-mpI Fm-Wv. _Jd: 101, Ben-Cw-dm: 101, lqZv: 56 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
93.
Fs P\-ta, \n \n-fpsS m\v {]hn-p-sIm-p-I, Rm

Fs m\pw {]hn-p-sIm-n-cn-mw. BmWv \ny-amb
in hps]- S p- I - s b- pw, BcmWv Ifhv ]- d - b p- - s Xpw
ASppXs \nfdn-bpw. \n t\mnbncnpI, \nbw
Rm\pw \n-tfm-sSmw t\mn-bn-cn-p-p-v.
94.
\psS I]\ htm ipsF-_-ns\bpw, At-l-tm-sSmw

hnizknh-scbpw \n \np ImcpWywsImv \mw c-s-Spn. A{IanI-fm-b-hsc Hcp tLmc-K\w ]nSn-Iq-SpIbpw As\
Ah {]`m-X-n Ah-cpsS hoSp-I-fn tNX\-bv hogpIbpw
sNbvXp.
lqZv: 66-68 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
95.
Ah AhnsS Hcn-epw Pohn-n-cp-n-tbn FXv-t]mse. Adnn-cn-p-I, aZvbIm YaqZv P\X Xqs-dn-b-s--Xp-t]mse AXnZqcw Xqs-dn-b-s-p.
AAvdm^v: 89-93, bq\pkv: 103 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
96. \n-ba
- m-bnpw aqkmsb \mw \psS ZrjvSm-
- fpw hy-amb {]amW--fpwsImv Ab-n-pmbn-cp-p.
97.
^n-Hu-\n-tepw Ahs {]am-Wn-am-cn-te-pw. ]t Ah ^nHu\ns I]-\bmWv ]n]-n-b-Xv. ^n-Hu\ns I]-\bmI-s,
348
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
hnth-I-ap-f-hm-p-Xmbncp-pan-.
kXy-samw Adn-nv [nn-cn-p sXmSn-bmb I]-S-hn-izm-knbmbn-cpp

^n-Hu. Ah P\-sf \c-I-n-te-mWv \bn-p-sIm-n-cp--Xv. AAvdm^v:
146, A^m: 52, Xu_: 67-68 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
98.
hn[n-Zn-hk
- \
- m-fn Ah kzP-\
- ns apn-ep-m-bn-cn-pw. As\
Ahsc Ah \c-I-n-tev sImp-t]m-Ipw. Hcp-h\v Fn-sSmhpXn Ghpw tami-s -m\hpamWXv.
Cu temIv BcmtWm Am-lp-hns {K-sbpw {]hm-N-I-s\bpw [ncn-p-sImv kap-Zm-b

- n-stbm kwL-S\
- b
- p-sStbm t\Xm-s
- f ]n]-p-Xv Ah
\c-I-ntep--hcmWv. AhchnsS ]c-kv]cw Xn-p-, ]gn-Nm-cp-, i]np cwKw _Jd: 166-167 hni-Zo-I-cWn hmbnp-I. BZw \_n apX Ay\mhsc-bp Hcp kwLamb amCZ: 56 ]d Am-lp-hns GI kwLn
tNcp--Xn-\p-thn B hnfn-p-p-thm, Ahsc ]n]-n-bhv AhtcmsSmw
kzK-n-tev t]mIm-hp--Xm-Wv. A-n-km-Av: 59, bq\pkv: 57-58 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I. kzK-n-te-p Cu HamK-n\v hncp-a
- m-bn-smp GXv kwLS-\-bn-tepw hnfn-p-Xv ]nim-Nns kwL-ntepw(ap-Pm-Zne: 19) \c-I-nte-p-am-Wv. AXn-tev hnfn-p t\Xm- ^n-Hu\ns m\-p, [nmcn-I-fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpw, Ahsc ]n]-p--h _pn-i-nbpw Amlp
\Inb A\p-{K-l-fpwJp-B\ns Bi-bw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m {]-b-h-cp-amWv. ^mnl: 7, AAvdm^v: 179 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifmb t\Xm-am hnNm-cW-Iq-SmsX \c-I-n t]mhp-sav An-km-Av: 145epw,
A\p-bm-bn-I hnNm-c-Wv tijw \c-I-n-tev Iqw Ip-ambn sXfn--s-Spsa kpa: 71-epw ]d-n-p-v. AAv-dm^v: 40, A^m: 54, Xu_: 67-68 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
99.
Cl-nXs Ah im]w ]np-Scs--h-cmbn, ]p\-cp-m-\-\mfnepw. e`n-m-hpXnshv Gw Zpjn km-\-amWXv.
_Jd: 159-161, AAv-dm^v: 175-176, Xu_: 55, 123-125 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI.
100. AsXmamWv \mSp-If
- n Nne-Xns kw`hNcn-{X-. \mw \n\Xv
hnh-cnp Xcn-I-bm-Ipp. Ah-bn NneXv Cpw \ne-hn-ep-v, ap
NneXv \in-p-t]m-hpI-bpw -sNbvXncn-p-p.
AAvdm^v: 101-102, bq\pkv: 1314, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
101. \mw Ah-tcmSv A{Iaw sNbvXn-n-, Ah Ah-tcmSv Xs A{Iaw
{]hn-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. As\ \ns \mYs I]\ h-
lqZv (11)
349
tm, Ah Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsX hnfn-p- {]mn-p-sIm-n-cp
Ah-cpsS Cem-lp-I
- smpw Ahsc Hpw XpW-m-\m-bn\mihpw
Zpcn-X-hp-a-msX Ah Ahv hn-n-p-I-bp-apm-bn.
_Jd: 57, A-Bw: 47, AAvdm^v: 94-95, bq\pkv: 101-106 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
102. A{]-Imcw Xs-bm-Ipp \ns \mY Hcp \mSns\ ]nSn-Iq-Sp-tm
]nSnIq-Sp-I, AXv A{I-an-Ifm-Ip-tmgmWv-. \nbw Ahs ]nSn-IqS thZ-\m-P-\-Ihpw AXn-I-Tn-\hpw Xs-bm-Ipp.
103. \nbw ]c-tem-I-nse in `b-s-Sp--hsmsbpw AXn
]mT-ap-v. AXv kI-e-a-\p-jycpw Hcp-an-p-IqSpsmcp \mfm-bn-cn-pw.
]c-kv]cw kmywhln-sSp Zn\-hpam-WXv.
AAv-dm^v: 174 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. CkvdmAv: 13-14, Ah-c-h-cpsS ]ncSn-bn _n-n-p Iw]yq- tkm^vvshb-dm--Ip Ia-tc-J-bn ]Xn-\v hbn\v tij-ap Cl-tem-Inse Hmtcm \nan-j-hpw sImn-sh-pp-spw
hn[nZnhk\mfn {]Im-in-p Xpd Hcp]pkvXI
- a
- mbn AXv Ducn-sb-Spv sImSpp-sImv "Ct-Zn\w \ns {Kw \oXs hmbn-pI, \ns hnNm-cW \Sm \oXs aXn-btm' Fv ]dbpIbpw sNp cwKw ap-dn-bnv \In-bnp-v. ^pkvkzn-ev: 19-24 kq--fn Ah-c-h-cpsS sXmen-Ifpw ImgvN-Ifpw
tIhn-Ifpw Ahs-Xn-cmbn kmyw hln-p cwKw hnh-cn-n-p-v. Atm
hcm t]mIp cwK--sfmw Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-s "_kzm-Cdmbn' D]tbmKs-Spn ChnsS \nvXs apIq-n- IvsImv Jp-BXs kan-p
]cn-lmcw sNbvXvsImv P\nAh--bn kam-[m-\-tm-Sp-IqSn hetvXs Xnc-np-t]m-Ip--Xn\v thn kzbw Xm-dm-Ip-h am{X-amWv PohnX
eyw kmmX-XvI-cn-p--h. AYhm Jp-B-\ns Bibw sImv "Amlv'
F t_m[-n \ne-sIm-p--ham-{X-amWv \n {]I-Sn-n-p ASn-a-I.
Jp-B Inn-bnv AXns\ kzK-n-te-p Sn-mbn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m--hscmwXs Im^n-dmb ]nim-Nns hon-tev t]mtI--h-cmWv. ^mnl: 3,
Xu_: 115, lqZv: 17 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
104. \mw AXns\ F-s- n]vX-amsbmcp Ah[nhscbmsX ]nn-np-pan.
ABw: 2, bq\pkv: 11 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
105. AXv BK-Xam-Ip Zn\w Am-lp-hns A\p-a-Xn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-m-sX
Bpw Hpw kwkm-cn-m Ign-bn-. Atm Ah-cn Zu`mKyhmam-cpv, ku`m-Ky-hmam-cpap-v.
krjvSn-I-fn Bs-nepw At-Zn\w hXpw kwkm-cnm km[n--W-
350
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
sa-n AXv hn[n-Im--fn D-a-\pw {XnIm-e-m-\n-bpamb {kjvSmhv

kzw\ne-bn h-hpw kwkmcnm A\p-hmZw \Inbm am{Xta km[np-I-bpq Fv _Jd: 255s hni-Zo-I-cWn hmbn-p-I. Pn_vcoepw ae-pIfpw AWn-b-Wn-bmbn \np\mfn ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I kXw sImSp--hcpw
BcmtWm kXyw ]d-Xv Ahp-th-n-bp-a-msX kwkm-cn-p-I-bn Fv
\_-Av: 38- ]d-n-p-v. Fm Jp-B-\ns Bi-bs Pohn-n-v Am-lphns\ klm-bn-phv Bcp-sSbpw kXw IqSmsX Jp-B ip]mi-sN-pXpw sNn-n-p--Xp-am-Wv Fv \_n ]Tn-n-n-pv. amCZ: 35, A-Bw: 94,
AAvdm^v: 53, lqZv: 94 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
106. Atm Zu`m-Ky-hmam-cm-b-h \c-I-n-tev t]mIp-p. ITn-\amb Xm]-mepw Zml-mepw AhcXn tamnsmpw Non-smp-an-cn-pw.
Atm \o "ZnIvdm'Jp-B-\ns Bi-bwsImv DWpI BcmtWm
Am-lp-hns\ `b-s-Sp-Xv Ah AXp-sImv DW-cp-I-X-s-sNpw, hn \cI-o-bn thhn--s-Sm-\p Zu`m-Ky-hmam AXns\ shSnbpIXs sNpw.
]ns B \c-I-n Ah acn-p-I-bn Pohn-p-I-bp-an Fv AAvem: 913
epw, Atm Rm \nsf In-bm-fp \c-Iw-sImv XmoXv \Ipp,
Jp-B-\ns Bi-bs Xn--d-bp-Ibpw AXn\nv ]nn-cnp t]mIp-Ibpw
sNbvX Zu`mKy-hmam-c-msX AXn thhn--s-Sp-I-bnsv Ass: 14-16
epw ]d-np-v. Jp-B-\ns Bi-bs D]-tbm-K-s-Spn kzbw Ah-c-hsc
kzK-n-te \bn-m--h-cmWv Zu`m-Ky-hmam.
"iloJv' F ]Z-n\v tam FmWv Aw sImSp-n-p--Xv. Hmfnbn-SpI, apc-fp-I, Nop-I, Ae-dpI Fsmw AXn\v Bi-b-ap-v. Jp-B aqSnsh \ntj-[n-Isf \-c-I-n Fdn-b-s-Sp-tm AXnse tameh tIp-Xm-Wv, AXm-Is Xnfv adnp-sIm-pan-cnpw Fv apIv: 7- ]d-n-p-v.
Jp-B Inn-bnv D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m AAv-dm^v: 40- ]d {àm hn[nZn-hkw \mYs apn Fmw ASn-bdshv Xe-Ip-\nv \nv "R-fpsS \mYm,
R \cIw icnpw Ip, tcmZ-\- tIp Atm Rsf sFln-I-temI-tv Xncn--b-pI-bm-sW-n R JpB-\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-I-f-\p-kcnv Pohn-p-sImmw, Rv ZrV-t_m[yw hn-cn-pp' Fv hne-]n-p
cwKw kPZ: 12- ]d-n-p-v. Dd-p-\Ip Adn-hmb Jp-B-\ns Bibw D]tbm-K-s-Sp-m--h In\v Dd-mIp-Xvhsc \cIw ImWp-sav A-Im-kp:
57 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. ABw: 25-27, hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
107. BIm-ihpw `qanbpw Dn-S-tmfw Imew Ah-c-Xn imiz-X-am-bncnpw\ns \mY Dt-in-s
- Xm-gn-sI. \nbw \ns dv XnjvSw
{]hn-p--h Xs-b-mWv.
lqZv (11)
351
Ben-Cw-dm: 106 hniZo-Ic
- Ww t\mp-I. BIm-i`-- q-an-If
- p Ime-tmfsav
]d--Xns hnh-, BIm-i-`q-an-I F{X-am{Xw {]Xy--amtWm AXp-t]mse
Fm-Im-epw imiz-X-ambn Ah \c-I-n Xma-kn-p-sa-m-Wv. AAv-dm^v: 40 Jp-B-\ns Bibw Xn--d apkvenwI-fn \np km[mc-Wmcpw
Fmw ]Tnv XnI--h-cmsWv Al--cn-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw, "Xpmcs kqNn-bpsS Zzmc-n-eqsS HIw {]th-in-p-Xv hsc kzK-n {]th-inn--s-Sp-I-bn' Fv ]d-Xv t]msebmWnXv. C_vdmlow: 48-, Hcp-Zn\w
`qanbpw BIm-i--fpw AX-m--Xmbn amn adn-p--Xm-Wv. Av khpw Fmw
AS-n-`-cn-p GIm-[n-]-\mb Amlphns kn-[nbn ad-bn-msX lmP-cm-s-Sp-Ibpw sNpsav ]d-n-pv. Jp-B-\ns shfn--n Cs BImi-`q-an-I Ay-Zn-\-n Xs am-s-Sp--Xm-Wv. ChnsS ]cm--ain-p--Xm-hs, Ay-Zn-\-n-\p-tijw hcp kw`-h--fp-am-Wv. Av-hnNm-c-W-Zn-\w kqcy
Hcp Nm Asn Hcp ssa AI-e-n-em-bn-cn-p-sav \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v.
"\ns \mY Dt-in--h-scm-gnsI' Fp]d-bmsX "\ns \mY Dt-in-sXmgnsI' Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-, imizX in-bn\nv Ahsc cn-m
Ign-bp Hcp in-bp-an-, Fm lrZ-b--fpsS Ah Adn-bph\mb,
krjvSnItfm Ahscpdn--dn-bp {XnIm-e-m-\nbmb Am-lp-hn\v cnm\pw inn-m-\p-ap A[n-Im-c-ap-v, Hmtcm hyn-pw {]tXyI-ambn inbpsS ImTn\yw Iqm\pw Ipd-m\pw Ignhp-v Fm-Wv. AXp-sIm-mWv \ns
dv XnjvSw {]hn-p--h Xs-bmWv Fp-]-d--Xv. Fm kpa:
69, lJvJp-B sImv Ahn-S-bn hn[n-I]n-p-sapw Aqd: 17,
lJpw Xpem-kp-amb {K-am-Wv Jp-B -Fpw ]-d-n-p-v. C_vdmlow: 1,
Ah-c-h-cp-sS \mYs CwKnXm a\p-jysc Cu {KwJpB sImv AIm-c-fn \nv {]Im-i-n-tev AYhm Am-lp-hns hgn-bn-tev ]pd-s-Sphn-p--Xn\v thn-bmWv AXh-X-cn-n-n-p--sXv ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 255, BenCw-dm: 185, Xu_: 80, bq\pkv: 99100, lqZv: 7 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
108. Atm `mKyhmam-tcm, Ah t]mIp-Xv kzK-n-te-m-Ip-p.
BIm-i-`q-an-I Dn-S-tmfw Imew Ah-c-Xn imiz-X-am-bn-cnpw\ns dv Dt-in-sXmgnsI. Ahv {]k-cnv\jvS-s-Sm
A\p-{Kl- e`n-p-sIm-tbn-cn-pw.
\_-Av: 3136, hnPbw hcn-p ap-Jo-v ]qtm-p-I-fpw, apn-cntm-p-I-fpw, ka-{]m-bsam CW-I-fpw, \nd tIm-Ifpw Dv. AhnsS Ah
A-iq-\y-amb hmp-Itfm-, s]mfnhN-\-tfm tIp-I-bn-. CsXmw \ns
\mY\n \np IW-n-m- A\p-{Kl--fmWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. "{]kcnv\jvS-s-Sm A\p-{Kl-' sImp hnh A\p-{K-l- Fpw ]pXnb-Xpw ]pIs]-Xp-am-bn-cnpsam-Wv. {]k-cnv\jvS-s-Sm, knwlm-k-\-n\p-S-a-bmb Amlp Fv _pdqPv: 15-epw, {]k-cn-v\-jvS-s-Sm Jp-B Fv
352
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
21epw hnti-jn-n-n-p-v. Ben-Cw-dm: 107, Xu_: 71-72 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.

109. Atm Cq- C_m-Zv sNbvXpsIm-n-cnp-hsbpdnv \o
Hpw kwi-b-ap--h-\m-tI--Xn-. apv Ah-cpsS ]nXm-am C_mZv sNbvXncpXv t]msebmsX Ahcpw C_m-Zv sNbvXpsImncn-p-n-. \nbw Ah-cpsS hnlnXw HcpIpdhpwhcp-msX \mw
Ahv ]qo-I-cnv sImSpp-IXs sNpw.
C_m-Zv Fp-]-d-m ASna DS-asb a\-n-emn ]q-ambn Ahs\
B{i-bnv Ftmgpw Fhn-sSbpw a\-m--h-mNmIWm Ah\v hnt[-b-ambn
AYhm Iogvhgn \ne-sIm--em-Wv. BIm-i-`q-an-I-fp-sSbpw Ah-n-S-bn-ep
Fmnsbpw {kjvSmhpw DS-a-bpamb Am-lp-hn\pthn Pohn-p-tm AXv
Am-lp-hn-\p C_m-Z-m-Ipw. AYhm Amlphn\v C_m-Zv sNpI Fp]d-m Am-lp-hns\ Pohn-n-pI Fm-Wv. ABw: 162, AAvdm^v: 27 hniZo-I-cWw t\mpI. Am-lp-hns\ ad-p-sIm-p Ah--bn C_m-Zv ]nimNn-\p-Xm-Wv, AXv ]nim-Nns\ Pohn-n-emWv. adn-bw: 44, C_vdmlow kzw
]nXm-hn-t\mSv ]d-p: Hm ]nXm-th, Xm ]nim-Nn\v C_m-Zv sN-cp-Xv, \nbw
]nimNv ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is\ [ncnh\m-Ip-p. bmko: 59-62 kq--fn, _pnbp-]-tbm-Kn-m {`mamsc ]c-tem-Ivshv hnizm-kn-I-fn \nv thXn-cnv \ndp-p-Ibpw, Hm BZw k-Xn-I-tf, \n-tfmSv ]nimNns\ Pohn-n--cp-sXv
DS-Sn hmn-bn-p-m-bn-cp-n-t, Ah \nv hy-amb i{Xp-h-msWv
ap- d n- b nv \In- b n- p- a pm- b n- c p- nt Fv tNmZn- p- I bpw sNp- s av
]dnpv.
kzK-n shv a\p-jysc krjvSn--Xn\v tijw "Rm\-stbm \n-fpsS
DSa' Fv Amlp tNm-Zn--tm Fm a\p-jycpw "AtX \mYm, R kmyw
hln-pp' Fv adp-]-Sn-\In. AAvdm^v: 172-173 ]d- Cu DS-Sn ]menv
Pohn-m--h- ]nim-Nn-\p-thn Pohn-p--h-cpw, ]nim-Nns\ Pohnn-p--h-cpamWv. Atm Bmhv ]s-Sp-m t_m[-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-m Fm{]h-\fpw ]nim-Nn-\pXpw, Am-lp-hns\ [n-cn--ep-am-Wv. Bmhv ]s-Sp-psIm-p {]h-\-v JpB\ns samw Bi-bw \n_-am-Wv.
bq\pkv: 104106 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Am-lp-hns hnfnv Dcw \Im-h-scmw ]nim-Nns hnfn-mWv Dcw \Ip--sXv ]nimNvXs \msf Ahsc
Adn-bn-p--Xm-sWv C_vdm-low: 22 ]d-n-p-v.
110. \nbw \mw aqkmv thZw \In-bn-p-m-bn-cp-p. Atm `nX
AXns Imcy-n DS-se-Sp-sp, \ns \mY\n \np hN\w
apI-S
- n-p-m-bn-cp-nsn Ahn-Sb
- n hn[n-I]ns-SpI
Xs sNpam-bn-cp-p. \nbw Ah AXns Imcy-n Xocm kwi-b-n-em-Wp--Xv.
lqZv (11)
353
kPZ: 2324 Amlp ]d-bp-p: \nbw aqkmv \mw {Kw \In-bn-pv, Atm AXp-t]m-ep Hv \n\v hvInp--Xn \o kwi-bn-t--Xn-.
aqkmv \Inb {Ks \mw Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-Iv kamK-am-n-shnp-apv. Ah am-ep-fpw \psS kq--fn ZrV-t_m-[y-ap--h-cp-am-bncp--tm \psS I]-\-bm, Ahsc kmK-n-tev \bn-p t\Xm-sf Ah-cn\n-v \ntbm-Kn-n-p-apv. "\ns \mY\n \np hN\w apI-S-np-m-bn-cp-nsn' Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-, kqw 104 ]d t\cs
\n-bn-n-p hn[n-Zn-h-k-am-Wv. AXn\m C{Xbpw t\pt\-sc-bp-Xpw hyhp-amb Imcy- Jp-B-\n-eqsS shfn-hmn sImSp-npw Cu P\- hniz-knp-n-tm Fp-I-cpXn hnj-an-p-Itbm Akz-\mhp-Itbm th--Xnsv
\_ntbbpw Ay-\mh-sc-bp hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw DWp-I-bmWv. ^mXzn:
45- Amlp ]d-bpp: P\--fpsS {]h-\sImv A-tmXs
Ahsc ]nSn-Iq-Sp-Ibm-bn-cp-pshn `qan-bpsS D]-cn-Xe
-
- n Hcp Poh-Pm-es
- bpw
Pohn-m hnSp-am-bn-cp-n-. Fm \n-bn Ah-[n-hsc Ahsc ]nn-n-p-Ibm-Wv. As\ Ah-cpsS Ah[n Fn--gn-m\nbw Amlp Ahs
ASn-a-Isf hon-p-sIm-n-cn-p--h Xs-b-tm. \lv: 61 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
AAvdm^v: 2, bq\pkv: 11, 65, lqZv: 12, 62 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
111. \nbw \ns \mY Ah-cp-sS, Fm Hmtcm-cp--cpsSbpw {]h\-v ]cn-]q-amb {]Xn-êw \IpIXs sNpw. \nbw
Ah Ah-cpsS {]h-\--sfmw hebwsNbvXh\m-Ipp.
_Jd: 286, amCZ: 105, Xu_: 82 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
112. Atm \obpw \ntm-sSmw Am-lp-hn-tev aS-n-b-hcpw I]n-s--Xvt]mse t\cmbamK-n Dd-p-\np-I. \n XmKqn\v hnt[-ba
- m-hp-Ib
- pa-cpXv. \nbw Ah, \n {]hn-psImncnp--sXmw hon-p-sIm-n-cn-p--h\mWv.
^pkvkzn-e-v: 30 Amlp ]d-bp-p: R-fpsS \mY Am-lp-hm-sWv
{]Jym-]n-p-I-bpw, ]ns AXn Dd-p-\nesImp-Ibpw sNp--h-cn ae-pI Cd-p--Xpw, \n `bstS--Xn-, \n Zp:Jnt--Xn-, \n-tfmSv
hmKvZw sNbvXn-cp kzKwsImv ktm-jn-p-sIm-pI Fv ]d-b-s-Sp-Xm-Wv. _Jd: 257, AAvdm^v: 203205, bq\pkv: 89, lqZvv: 46 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
113. A{I-an-Ifmb-h-cntev \n- Nmp-t]m-hpIbpa-cp-Xv. Atm
\c-Iw \nsf kv]in-p-X
- m-Wv. Am-lp-hns\qSmsX \nv
kwc-I-cmcpw Xsbn. ]ns \n klm-bn--s-Sp--Xp-a-.
AAvdm^v: 40-41, Xu_: 23-24, lqZv: 101 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
354
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
114. ]I-ens c--fn-epw, cmhv A]w sNp-tmgpw \a-kvImcw

apd{]Imcw A\p-n-p-Ibpw sNp-I. \nbw \-I Xn-Isf
\on-I-fbp--Xm-Wv. AXmWv Am-lp-hns\ lrZbwsImv Hmanp--hsc DWm-\p--Xv.
]I-ens c-- sImp-t-in---Xv, kp_vlnbpw aKvcn_p-am-Wv. cmhv
A]w sNp-tm F-Xp-sIm-p-t-in-p-Xv CimDw. \_nbpsS Ckvdm-Av
hanAvdmPn\v apv Ah-X-cn-n-p kq-am-Wn-Xv. aqkho ico-A-n aqv
t\cs \a-kvIm-cta Dm-bn-cp-p-q. Fm an-AvdmPvBIm-im-tcm-l-Ww-\ptijamWv Av t\cs \a-kvImcw I]n--s--Xv. Ckvdm-Av: 78-, kqcy
sXn-bXv apX cm{Xn aqSp-Xphsc \a-kvIcnpI, {]`m-X-nse Jp-B\pw
\ne-\np-I. \nbw {]`m-X-nse Jp-B kmyw hln--s-SpI Xs
sNpw Fp-]-d-n-p-v. kqcy sXn-bXv apX Fp-]-d-m a[ym--n
\nv sXn-bXv apX-ep fplv, Akz, aKvcn_v, Cim-Av Fo \mev t\cs
\a-kvIm-camWv. {]`m-X-n-ep Jp-B sImp-t-in-p-Xv kp_vlv \a-kvImc-am-Wv. Adqw: 17-18 kq--fn, Atm Am-lp-hns\ {]tZm-j-nepw {]`mX-nepw ]cn-ip-s
- -SpnhmgvpI, Ah-\vXs-bmWv BIm-i
- f
- nepw `qan-bnepw
kvXpXnCim-Av ka-b--fnepw fplv ka-b--fnepw, Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Ahs\
]cn-ip--s-SpnhmgvpI Fp-]-d-Xns hnh-, \a-kvI-cn-pI Fm-Wv.
{]tZm-j--fn-ep \a-kvImcw aKvcn_pw, {]`m-X--fn-ep \a-kvImcw kp_vlnbp-am-Wv. BIm-i--fnepw `qan-bnepw Ah-\mWv kvXpXn Fp-]-d-m, BIm-i-fnepw `qan-bn-ep-ap--h-sbmw kvXpXn-p-Xv Ah-s\-bm-Wv. Atm \nfpw
Ahs\ kvXpXn-pI Fp-]-d-m, \a-kvImcw \n-ln-pI Fv XsbmWv. "Ain-X' Fp-]-d-Xn cm{Xn-bpsS Hcp `mK-amb Cim-Av ka-bs
\a-kvIm-c-hpw, ]I-en-s aqmw bma-amb Akz \a-kvIm-chpw Ds-Sp-p-v.
Am-kn-B-v: 46, hn[n-Zn-hkw \S-n-hcp \mfn Ah ]I-ens Hcp
fplmka-btm As-n aqmw bma-ntemAkz ka-b-tm As-n
cm{Xn-bn \np Cim-Av ka-btm am{X-a-msX Cl-n Pohn-n-tbn
Fhv tXmp-sav ]d-n-p-v. "Xpfvln-dq' Fp-]-d-m fplv \akvIm-c--fm-Wv. Atm Adqw: 17-18 kq--fn Apt\cs \a-kvImchpw t]sc-Spv ]d-n-p-v.
Xzmlm: 130, Ah ]d-bp--Xns\smv \o an-p-I-bpw, \ns \mYs\
kqcy DZn- p- - X n\v a ppw AXns Ak- v X - a - b - n\v a ppw, cm{XnbpsS
bmafnepw kvXpXn-p--tXm-sSmw hmgvp-Ibpw sNpI. ]I-ens A--fnepw Ahs\ hmgvp-I--\o Xr]vXn-s--h\mhp-Xn-\p-th-n Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
kqcy DZn-p--Xn\v apv F-Xp-sIm-p-t-in-p-Xv kp_vln \a-kvIm-c-am-Wv.
AXv AkvX-an-p--Xn\v apv F-Xp-sIm-p-t-in-p-Xv Akz \a-kvIm-chp-amWv. cm{Xn-bpsS bma-sf sImp-tin-p-Xv aKvcn_pw, Cim-DamIp-p. ]Iens c-- Fp-]-d-bmsX A- Fp-]-d-Xv sImv {]`m-X -\-a-
lqZv (11)
355
kvIm-chpw fplvdpw aKvcn_pw Ds-Sp--Xm-Wv. An-km-Av: 103 hni-Zo-I-cWw

t\mpI.
Ckvdm-Av: 44, Ggv BIm-ifnepw -`q-anbnepw Ah-bvnSbn-epap kh- k v X p- fpw Amlp- h ns\ ]cn- i p- - s - S pnhmgv p- p- s - pw, Hcp
hkvXphpwXs Ahs\ kvXpXn-p--tXm-sSmw hmgvmXn-cn-p-n-s-pw,
Fm \nv Ah-bpsS Io\w {Kln-m km[n-p-n-spw ]d-np-v. Aq: 41, Fm Hmtcm Poh-Pm-en\pw AXns \a-kvImccoXn-bpw,
Am-lp-hns\ ]cn-ip-s
- -Spnhmgvt-c
- o-Xnbpw ]Tn-n-n-p-sv ]d-n-pv.
\nbw \-I Xn-Isf \on--fbp--Xm-sWv ]d-Xn\m, Ghpw
\XpsImvJp-B ap anYy-I-sf-sbmw Zqco-I-cn-t--Xm-Wv. anYy-I-sfXv sImp-t-in-p-Xv Bbn-c-n sXmm-bn-c-n-sXm-qnH]-Xns amKamb Im-Im-c-W-ham-cpsS Ncy, Iimkv{Xw, aZvl-_p-I, kwL-S-\-I apXem-b XmKq-ns amK--sfbm-Wv. k-{]-[m\w Jp-B\ns Bm-hmb
AnIvdn\vJp-B\ns lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn-ep Bi-bw \I-W-sav AI_q-v: 45, Xzmlm: 14, kzmZv: 8, AAvdm^v: 170 kq--fn-semw ]d-n-p-v.
_Jd: 99, 121 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. ^pkvkzn-e-v: 34, \bpw Xnbpw kaam-hp-I-bn-, \o Ghpw \-Xp-sImvJp-BsImv Xnsb XS-bpI, Atm
Bpw \n\-p-an-S-bn-emtWm i{Xp-X-bp--Xv, Ah B-an-{X-ambn hcpXmsWpw ]d-n-p-v. An-km-Av: 87, A-Bw: 90, AAvdm^v: 200, bq\pkv:
2627, lqZv: 106 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
115. \o a ssIsIm-p-Ibpw sNp-I. Atm \nbw Amlp
Ahs\ Ip-sImv Ncn-phcpsS {]Xn-êw Hpw ]mgmnfbp-I-bnXs.
_Jd: 195, Xu_: 100, 112 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
116. Atm `qa-nbn \miw hnX-p-Xv XS-bp, \-\n-e-\np
Hcphn`mKw\mw Ah-cn \nv c-s-Sp-nb Ipdv t]scm-gnv
\nv apv Ign-p-t]mb Xe-ap-d-I-fn Dm-bn-cp-s-nZmcpW-amb in aptJ\ Ahsc \in-n-pam-bn-cp-n Xv \Is kpJ-kar-nbn aXn-a-dv Pohn-p-I-bm-bn-cp- A{I-an-IsfbmWv Ah ]n]-n-bn-cp-Xv. Ah _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knv Nnnm {`mam-cp-am-bn-cp-p.
A{Iaw XSbp Hcp hn`m-Kan-m-XmIptm-gmWv \mSp-Isf \in-n-n-pXv
Fv ABw: 47, AAvdm^v: 164-167 kqfnepw, BZyw \ I]n-p--hcpw
]noSv Xn hntcm-[n-p--hcpw Cm-Xm-Ip-tm B P\-X-bpsS AXn-{Iaw
ImcWambnmWv Ah \in-n--s-SpI Fv amCZ: 104105 epw ]d-n-p-v. -
356
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
amCZ: 6366, A-Bw: 123124-, bq\pkv: 17, 98, lqZv: 100-103 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
117. \ns \mY A{I-a]
- c
- a
- mbn Hcp\mSns\bpw \in-n-p-Ib
- nAXnse
\nhmknI kpIrXwsN-n-n-phcm-bn-cns.
AAvdm^v: 170, lqZv: 83, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
118. \ns dv Dt-in-n-cp-p-sh-n Fm a\p-jy-scbpw Hscm kap-Zmb-am-p-am-bn-cpp. Fm Ah `nnv \np-I-bn-.
119. \ns dns ImcpWyw e`n-h
- s
- cm-gn-sI. AXn-\p-thn XsbmWv
Ahsc krjvSn-n-p-X
- v. \nbw Pnp-Ifn\npw a\p-jycn\npap-hsc apgp-h\pwsImv \cIw Ipn-\n-d-pI Xs sNpsa
\ns dns hN\w ]qn-bm-bn--gn-ncnp-p.
_Jd: 213, An-km-Av: 118, AAv-dm^v: 178-179, bq\p-kv: 57-58, 99100, 108 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
120. Cu {]hm-NIamcpsS Fm Hmtcm-cp--cp-sSbpw kw`hNcn-{X-
\mw \n\v hgn-p-h-gn-bmbn hnh-cn-p-Xcp-Xv, AXp-sImv \ns
a-\
- ns\ Dd-np \npXn\m-Ip-p. Cu kXyn(Jp-B\n)
\n\Xv hp-In-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXv hnizm-kn-Iv kZp]tZihpw A\p-kva-c-W-hp-am-Ip-p.
^pJm: 32, Fp-sIm-mWv "Cu Jp-B {]hm-N-I\v Hcpanv H-{K-ambn Cd--s-Sm-Xv' F \ntj-[n-I-fpsS tNmZy-n\v adp-]-Sn-bmbn Amlp
]d-bpp: \ns a-\-ns\ AXp-sImv Ddnv \np--Xn\v thnbmWXv,
AXv \mw \n\v {Ia-sSpn \Ip--Xp-amWv. 33 Ah \ns ASp-tv
Hcp tNmZyhpw sImv hcpnAXns bYm Dchpw, C\n Ay-\m
hsc-bp P\X AXp-t]m-ep tNmZy- tNmZn-t--Xn-m hn[-n-ep
X^vkodpwauC-fpw \mw \n\v sImph-n--m-sX Fv ]d-n-p-v.
"^pBZv' F ]Zw-sIm-p-t-in-p-Xv Bm-hns lrZbamb a\-ns\bmWv.
ap-n: 4 \o Jp-B\ns\ {Ia-s-Sp-t--hn[w {Ia-s-Sp-pIbpw
sNpI Fv ]d-n-pv. AXm-bXv \ns kz`m-hhpw \S-hpw Ccp-hpw
InS-hpw hoSpw ]cn-k-c-hp-samw AYhm Pohn-Xwapgp-h Jp-BsImv {Ias-Sp-pI FmWv. \_n-tbm-Sp Cu I]-\-b-\p-k-cnv hnizm-kn-I AhcpsS PohnXw apgp-h "ZnIvdm'Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw D]-tbm-K-s-Spn Nn-s-Spt--Xm-Wv. \_n-bpsS Imcy-n AXv Am-lp-Xs Nn-s-SpnsmSppw
FmWv ^pJm: 32 ]dXns hnh-. AAvdm^v: 2, bq\p-kv: 57, 103, 108,
lqZv: 17 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
lqZv (11)
357
121. hnizm-kn-I-f-m--h-tcmSv \o ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpI: \n \nfpsS
m\v {]hn-p-I, \nbw R R-fpsS m\v
{]hn-p--hcm-Ip-p.
122. \n Imn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-hn, \nbw R-fpw Imn-cn-p-h-cm-Ip-p.
kPZ: 29-, hnizm-kn-Iv hnPbw InpZn\w \ntj-[n-Iv Ah-cpsS
hnizmkw kzoI-cn- sImv D]-Im-csSpI-bn-sv ]d-bm ]dtijw, 30,
\o Imn-cn-p--h-\m-IpI \nbw Ahcpw Imncn-p--h-cm-Ip-p Fv ]dn-pv. bq\pkv: 41-44, 47, lqZv: 93, 114 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
123. BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn ad-n-cn-p--sXm-sbpw Am-lp-hn-\p--Xm-Ipp. Fm Hmtcm Imcyfpw Ah\ntev Xs-bmWv aS--s-Sp-Xv. Atm \o Ah-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p-I, Ah-\n am{Xw `cta]n-p-Ibpw sNp-I. \n-fpsS {]h-\-sfsmv \ns
\mY A{i-hm--\Xs.
lv: 76 Ah Ah-cpsS apn-ep--Xpw Ah-cpsS ]nn-ep--Xp-samw
Adn-bp--h-\m-Wv. Fm-Im-cy--fpw Ah-\n-tev Xs-bmWv aS--s-Sp--Xp-sav
]d-n-p-v. kpa: 69, 75 kq--fn, hn[nZnhkw Jp-B-\ns Bibw
sImmWv Ahn-S-bn hn[n-In-pI Fv ]d-n-p-v. \lv: 64 \mw
\n\v {Kw Cd-n-bn-nAh Ahs Imcy-n `nn-n-p hnj-b
\o AXvsImv hy-am-n-sm-Sp-m-\
- msX. hnizm-kn-If
- mb P\Xv B{Kw
kamKhpw Imcp-Wy-hp-am-Wv. Atm hniz-mkn-I Fm-Im-cy-fpw Amlp
Xocp-am-\n-s Fv IcpXn ]c-tem-I-tv \onshmsX, ChnsS \nv Xs
Jp-B-\ns\ {Xmkmbn D]-tbm-K-s-Spn Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-pI-bmWv sNpI. Amlp-hns "\njv]--hm' F KpW-\m-as AwKo-I-cn-m I]-S-hn-izm-kn-IfmWv, Fm-Im-cyfpw Amlp Xocp-am-\n-tms Fv IcpXn ]c-tem-I-tv
\on shp-I. _Jd: 85, Ben-Cw-dm: 136, 160-161, 185, AAvd
- m^v: 174-, 178, A^m:
62-64, bq\pkv: 108-109 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Am-lpth, Jp-B\
- ns Bi-bs {Xmkmbpw Fm-hn-]
- p-If
- n \npw
Impkq-n-p apssl-an-\mbpw kzK-n-te-p Sn-mbpw D]-tbm-Ks-Spm A\p-{K-ln-t-W-ta! Jp-B-\ns Bibw Rs-Xn-cmbn kmyw
hln-p-Xpw hmZn-p--Xp-amn am-cp-tX! Am-lpth, Rsf \o A-Im-c-fn \nv {]Im-i-n-tev, Jp-B-\m-Ip {]Imiw sImv ]pd-s-Sphn-tWta, Hm BImi`qan-I-fpsS {]Im-ita! Am-lpth Rsf \o Jp-B-\ns
Bibw sImv hnNm-c-W-bn-msX kzK-n-tev apI-S-p--h-tcm-sSm-hpw
Jp-B-\ns\ kXy-s-Sp-p--h-tcm-sSm-hpw {]th-in-n-t-Wta! Hm Sn-n-d-nb-ht\! Hm ]pWy-hm\pw Imcp-Wy-hm-\p-am-b-ht\!
358
JpB\ns Bmhv
12. bqkp^v
PqXam-cpsS t{]c-W-bm a-maqivcnpI, Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I
CuPn-]vXn-sen-bXv F-s\-bmsWv \_n-tbmSv tNmZn-Xn\v adp-]-Snbm-bn Hcpanv Ah-X-cn-s--XmWv Cukq-d-nse 111 kq--fpw. bqkp-^ns ktlm-Zcam F{]- I m- c - a mtWm bqkp- ^ ns\ \in- n- m {ian- Xv AtXt]mse
amapivcnp-I \_n-tbbpw \in-n-m {ian-p Ime-L--n-emWv Cu kqdv Ah-X-cn--p--Xv. AXp hgn BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn, GsXmcmsf
cn-m\pw Dbm\pamtWm \n-b-nn-p-Xv Ahsc CI-gvm\pw \in-nm\pw temIv Hcp inpw km[y-a- Fv Ay-\mhsc-bp apgp-h
t]tcbpw Xmo-Xv \Ip-p. Ah-km\w bqkp-^ns apn ktlm-Z-cam
]cm- P n- X - c m- b n ssIbpw sIn \ntn hXv t ]mse am- h n- P b\mfn
\_nbpsS apn Jpssd-in-Ipw ASn-b-dhv ]d-tb-n- h-p. BZw km-\v Ghpw henb ^nXv\-sbv \_n ]Tn-n ako-lp--m- hv "lnPmkn'-sem-gnsI temI-sm-bn-Spw Ckvemans\ ambvv Ifv Ip^vdv \S-n
hcpp-Ibpw tijw Cukm \_n hv ako-lp--m-en-s\bpw {]`r-Xn-I-sfbpw
\in-nv temIv Ckvemw \S-n hcnI-bpw- sNp-tm Jp-B-\ns Bibs apdpsInSnv Pohn-p hniz-mkn-I BmZw sImp--Xpam-Wv. GXv
{]bm-k-tmsSm-hpw Hcp Ffp--ap-s Jp-B-\ns ]mTw Fm-Im-epw
Bhn-p-sapw, Fm-e-p-ap Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmb hnizm-knIsXnsc X{w sa\-bp--hcpsS X{ Ahs-Xn-cmbns _m[np-sapap Jp-B-\ns ]mTw Cukq-dns KpW-]m-T-nepw Ds-Sp-pv. hnizm-kn-I-fm-sW-n Ah-cpsS B{K-l- Cl-tem-Iv shp-Xs kê-am-Ip-saXpw kpsseJbq-kp^v hnhm-l-n-eqsS kqd-n \nv ]Tn-m-hp
as-mcp KpW-]m-Tam-Wv.
`wKn-bmbn a ssIsmv Xs ZpxJhpw Bh-em-Xnbpw thh-em-Xn-bpsamw Am-lp-hns apn am{Xw AhXcn-n- bAvJq_v \_nv In\v ImgvN
\jvS-s-s-nepw Ah-km\w Imcy-Im-c-W-n\v AXo-X-ambn Amlp ImgvN Xncnp-\IpI-bp-m-bn. {]hm-N-Iam \ncm-i-s-Sp-I-bpw, ]q-ambn Ah IfhmsSp-Ibpw sNp Ah--bnemWv Am-lp-hns in hcp-sXpw,
Atm Amlp Ah-\p-t-in-p--hsc Imcy-Im-c-W-n\Xo-X-ambn c-s-Spp-sa-pw ]Tn-n-p-p. \_nsb, Bsc{X- {ianmepw P\-fn A[n-It]cpw hniz-mkn-Ifmhp-I-bnspw, A[n-I-t]cpw Am-lp-hn ]p-tNv sIm-
bqkp^v (12)
359
-msX hniz-kn-pIbn Fpw ]Tn-n-p-p. \_nbpw hnizm-kn-Ifpw Amlp-hn-te-v P\sf Wn-p--hcpw Ah Jp-B\ns Bibw DIm-gvm-Zmb-Iambn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-ph-cp-am-Wv Fv ]Tn-n-p-p. Jp-B Inn-bnv
aqSn-sh-p-I-bpw, Jp-Bs\ Xn--d-bp-Ibpw sNp {`mamcmb Hcp P\Xsbsmv Amlphns hn]v Hcn-epw \ontm-Ip-I-bn-spw Jp-B
{XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Am-lp-hn \np- {XnIm-e-m-\am--sWpw, AXv
app {Ks kXy-s-Sp-pXmsWpw, hnizmknI- am{X-ta AXns\
kamKhpw Imcp-Wy-hp-am-bn D]-tbm-Ks
- -Sp-pIbpq Fpw ]d-p-sImmWv
kqdv Ah-km-\n-pXv.
1.
Aen-^v--emw--dm, CsXmw hy-am-sbmcp thZ{K-nse kq-fmIp-p.
bmko: 69, CsXmcp A\p-kva-c-W-hpw, hy-amb Jp-B-\p-a-msX asmp-a Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Atm Jp-B\ns Bibw A-n-Iv hfsc hyamWv(Ja: 17). Jp-B Fm, "Bhn-m-hnv hmbn--sSp-Xv' Fm-Wv Aw, AXv "AXns icocamWv' FmWv Bibw. Fm lrZbw
hmb-\bpambn _-s-Sp-tm am{Xta Jp-B hmbn-mhq Fpw, lrZ-bhpw
hmb-\bpw Xn `nn-m hmb\ \nn Fgp-tv t]mI-W-w Fpw \_n
]Tn-n-n-pv. _Jd: 44, lqZv: 1 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
2.
\nbw \mw AXns\ Ad_nbnep Jp-B\mbn Ah-X-cn-n-n-cnp-p\n Nnn-pIXs thW-sa--Xn-\p-th-n.
Ad_n `mj-bn-ep {K-am-sWv IcpXn AXv Ad-_n-Iv am{X-ap--XmsWv hcp-n-. _Jd: 185, CXv samw a\p-jyv kamK-hpw, kXyhpw
Ak-Xyhpw thXn-cn--dn-bm-\p ^pJm-\pw, kamKw apgp-h hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p-Xp-am-sWv ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 38 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I. X-fpsS `mjbn-ep Am-lp-hns hn[n-hn-e-p-I icnpw Bibw a\-n-em-n, X-fpsS
PohnXw ]q-ambpw kwkvI-cn-s-Sp-v ap--hv amXr-I-bmbn Pohn-p-Im-Wn
pXn\mWv A`n-kw-t_m[-I-cmb Ad-_n-Iv Ah-cpsS `mjbn Jp-B
Ah-X-cn-nXv. _Jd: 143 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Fm "Cu Jp-B Rfp-sSbpw \nsbpw `mj-bn-em-W-tm, Atm AXv \o sIn--a-p-mnd-bpXvXs-bm-Wv, AmsX Am-lphn- \np--Xm-sW-n CXv `qcn-]
P\--fpsS `mj-bn Cd-t--Xt' F Ad-_n-IfpsS tNmZy-n\v adp-]-Sn-bmbn-mWv ^pkvkzn-e
- v: 44 Ah-Xc
- n-n-X
- v. Amlp ]d-bp-p: \mw Cu JpB\ns\
APv\_n(A-\d-_n) `mj-bn Cd-n-bn-cp-p-sh-n Ah tNmZn-pI Xs
sNpw: FmWv AXnse kq- kv]-am-ImXv, CsX-smcp ]pXp-a, Ad_n-Iv A-\d-_n `mj-bn-ep Jp-B Cd-n-bn-cn-p-p! \_ntb ]d-bp-I:
360
JpB\ns Bmhv
AXv hnizm-kn-If
- mbhv kamK-hpw, tcmK-ia
- \
- h
- p-am-Wv. hniz-kn-m-h
- tm,
Ah-cpsS sNhn-Ifn AXp-sIms Hcp aqSn-bpw, Ah AXpsIms A-cp-amWv. Ah hnZq-cv\nv hnfn-sSp-hsctmse-bp-am-Wv. Ap-AdmAv: 198199 kq-fn Amlp ]d-bpp: \mw Cu Jp-Bs\ Ad_n-b-m Nne
A\d_n- `mj-I-fn Cd-p-I-bpw, Ah-cp-sS-ta AXv HmXn-tn-p-Ibpw
sNbvXncp-s-n Ah AXn hniz-kn-p--hcmIpam-bn-cp-n. kqd: Jadn
\mev {]mhiyw Amlp Bhnp ]d-bpp: "\nbw Jp-B\ns Bmhmb Bibw lrZ-bw-sImv a\-n-em-m \mw hfsc Ffp--am-n-bn-cn-p-p,
]t Bcpv AXn\v Xm-dph'. AAvdm^v: 2, 179 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
\n Nnn-p--h-cm-Ip--Xn-\p-thn Fp-]-d-XpsImv, Jp-B
Inn- b nv FmWv Jp- B , Fn- \ mWv Jp- B , Fp- s Imv JpB
Fsmpw Nnn-mhscbmWv ]nim-Nv]mn-em-pI. bmko: 62, _pnbp-]-tbm-Knv Nnn-m Ccw {`mam-tcmSv ]c-temI-p-shv Amlp
tNmZn-p--Xm-Wv: \nsf A[n-I-t]-scbpw ]nimNv ]mn-em-n-bn-cn-p-p-htm,
Atm \n _pnbp]tbm-Knv Nnn-p--h-cm-bn-cp-nt? Jp-B\ns
icocw Xnp apkvenwI-tfm-SmWv \n Nnn-p--h-cm-bn-cp-nt? Fv
Amlp tNmZn-p--Xv Fv {]tXyIw {in-pI. Ben-Cw-dm: 79, Ankm-Av:
82, AAv-dm^v: 37-40 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
3.
\mw \n\v Cu Jp-B Znhy-ktiw \In-smv kw`h

bmYmy- Ghpw \ coXn-bn hnh-cnp Xcn-I-bm-Ip-p.
AXn\papv \o {]-bh-cn s]-h Xs-bm-bn-cp-p.
Aplm: 7, Atm hgn-tI-Sn-embn Isnb \ns \mw Jp-BsImv kamKn-emn Fp-]-d-n-p-v. bmko: 6, X-fpsS ]nXm-amcm ap-dnbnv \I-s-SmXv ImcWw {]-b--h-cm-b Hcp P\-Xsb Cu
Jp-BsImv \o ap-dn-bnv \Im-\mWv Ah-X-cn-n-n-p-Xv Fp-]-d-n-pv. Atm {]-b- P\-Xsb Jp-BsImv ap-dnbnv \Inbm
KpWwInntb-pw. Fm Kzmho-\mbe-y-t_m-[w \jvS-s I]-S-hnizm-knIfmbHcp P\Xsb ap-dn-bnv \In-bnv ê-an-sv bq\p-kv: 33 ]d-n-pv. AAvdm^v: 175-176, 205, Xu_: 6768, bq\pkv: 78 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
4.
bqkp^v Xs ]nXm-hn-t\mSv ]d k`w kvac-Wo-b-am-Wv, Fs

]nXm-th, \nbw ]Xn-s\mv \-{X--fpw kqcy\pw N{\psamw
F\nv kmjvSmwKw sNp-Xmbn Rm lrZ-b-n ImWp-p.
5.
]nXmhv ]d-p: Hm Fs aI-t\, \ns Cu lrZ-bw- sIm-p

ImgvN \ns ktlmZ-cam-tcmSv ]d-b-cp-Xv. ImcWw Ah \n\-sXn-cn X{- sa\bpw. \nbw ]nimNv a\p-jys hy-amb
i{Xp-h-tm.
bqkp^v (12)
361
{]hm-N-Iam-cpsS kz]v\w "hlvbn'Znhy-k-tin s]-XmIp-p. {]hmN-Iam Dd-p-tm Ah-cpsS lrZbw Ddp-n-. bqkp-^v\_n Xs Dd-n I Cu kz]v\-ns hymJym\w CXm-bn-cp-p. kqcy F-Xp-sImv
bAvJq_v \_n-bpw, N{ At-l-ns ]Xv\n-bpw, ]Xn-s\mv \{X-
FXpsImv bqkp-^ns amXm-hn-ep ktlmZ-c _nbm-ao ASw ]Xns\mv ktlm-Z-cam-cp-am-Wv. bqkp^v \_n-bpsS Nn--am-cn \np ]v
ktlmZcam- bqkp-^n-t\mSv Akq-bb
- p-h
- c
- m-bn-cp-s-pw, [mn-Ia
- mbn Db
\ne-hm-c-ap-h-c-m--Xn-\m X-fpsS Dtiykm[y-n\v Fv ZpjvsN-bvXnIfpw
Ah-ew-_n-m aSn-m--h-cm-sWpw bAvJq_v \_nv Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-p.
AXpsIm-mWv Ahsc kqn-p-sIm--W-sav Xs kZvhr--\mb aIs\
Atlw DWnbXv.
Bfp-I- A{i--cmb kabv aqkm\_n ]-W-n {]th-in--tm cmfp-I hg-nSp-Xmbn Ip. Ckvdm-Cu- kXnIfns] B aqkm-tbmSv
klmbw tXSn-b-tm aqkm\_n sNv i{Xp-]--ns]-h\v Hcp sXmgn
sImSppI-bpw, As\ Ahs IY-I-gnbpIbpw sNbvXp. aqkm ]dp: CXv
]nimNns {]hrnbn s]-Xm-Ip-p, \nbw Ah i{Xp-hpw, hy-ambn
hgn-]n-g-n-p--h\pw Xsbtm Fv Jkzkzv: 15 ]d-n-pv t\mpI.
Am-lp-hns \ma-n-e-msX CSntm ]nim-NmWv AhnsS sIme\S-n-bXv. _Jd: 269, ABw: 112, AAv-dm^v: 22, 102 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
6.
A{]-Imcw \ns \mY \ns sXsc-s-Sp-pIbpw, Imcy--fpsS

bXm hymJym-\--fn \nv \ns ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNpXmWv. t\cs \ns cv ]nXm-a-lam-cmb C_vdm-lo-an\pw CkvlmJn\pw ]qoIcnp- sIm-Sp-n-p--Xv -t]mse \n\pw bAvJq_v
IpSpw-_-n\pw Ahs A\p-{Kl- ]qo-I-cnv Xcp--Xp-am-Ipp. \nbw \ns \mY k-\mb bpn-\tm.
AAvdm^v: 53 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I. "XAvhoep Alm-Zokv' F-XpsImv km[m-cW hnh-cn--s-Sm-dp--Xp-t]mse shdpw kz]v\-hym-Jym-\-a hnh, adnv Jp-B-\ns hymJym-\-amb "lnIvapw auC-f-p-'amWv. Ben-Cw-dm:
7, bq\pkv: 57-58, lqZv: 120 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
7.
\nbw bqkp-^n-sbpw ktlm-Z-cam-cp-sSbpw kw`-hn tNmZyIm-v [mcmfw ]mT-fp-v.
8.
Ah ]d k`w kvac-Wo-b-am-Wv. bqkp^pw Ahs ktlm-Zc\pw \psS ]nXm-hn\v \-tf-m IqSp-X {]nb-ap--h-cm-Ip-p-\--sfmcp sI]p kwL-am-bn-cp-n-pw. \nbw \psS ]nXmhv
hy-amb hgn-tI-Sn Xsbm-Wv.
362
JpB\ns Bmhv
bqkp-^ns amXm-shm, Cfb ktlm-Zc

- _nbm-ans\pdn-mWv "Ahs
ktlmZc' Fp-]-d--Xv. _nbm-ans P\-\-k-a-bv amXmhv acn-p-t]m-bn.
AXm-bn-cpp Chsc cp-t]-scbpw {]tXyIw {in-p-hm bAvJq_v \_nsb
t{]cn-n--Xv. am{X-a, bqkp-^n {]tXy-I-ambn Xt-S-n-sbpw ku`m-Ky-nsbpw Nne eW ImWsncpXpw ]nXm-hn\v bqkp-^n-t\mSv {]tXyI
Xm]-cy-ap-m-Im Imc-W-am-bn.
9.
\n bqkp-^ns\ sImp-I-f-bpI As-n `qan-bn Fhn-sS-sbnepw hen-s-dn-p-I-f-bp-I. As\ \n-fpsS ]nXm-hns {i

\n-fn-tev am{X-ambn Hgn-p-In--s. AXn\ptijw \n k\--fmbnocp-Ibpw sNpI.
10.
Atm Ah-cn \np Hcm ]d-p: bqkp-^ns\ \n h[n-cp-Xv, Ahs\ \n Hcp sh-p-gn-bpsS AKm-[Xbntev CSpI.
h km-cn-Ifpw FSp-p-sImv t]mbn-sm-pw\nv Fsnepw sNbvtX-]q Fn.
11.
Ah ]nXm-hn-t\mSv sNp]d-p: R-fpsS ]nXm-th, bqkp-^ns

Imcy-n Xm FmWv R-sf hniz-kn-m-Xv? \nbw
R Ah\v KpW-Imw-n-I Xs-bm-Ip-p.
12.
\msf Ah-s\ -R--tfm-sSmab-mepw, Ah D-knv Ifn--s.

\nbw R Ahs\ Impkqn-p-I Xs-sNpw.
13.
]nXmhv ]d-p: \n Ahs\bpw sImpt]mIp-Xv Fs Akz-\m-pI Xs sNpw, \n Ah-s\-smv A{i--cm-bn-cns

Ahs\ sNmb Xnt-ptam Fv Rm `b-s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-p.
14.
Ah ]d-p: R-sfmcp kwL-ap-m-bn-cn-s Ahs\ sNmb

XnpI-bmsW-n ]ns \n-b-am-bpw R Fmw \-jvS-s-h Xs-bm-bn-cn-patm!
kq-n "]ns \n-b-am-bpw R Fmw \-jvS-s--h Xs-bmbn-cn-patm' FmWv Aw sImSp--sX-nepw Bibw ]ns R
Hn\pw sIm-cp-Xm--h-cm-bn-cn-p-atm Fm-Wv.
15.
As\ Ah Ahs\ sImp-t]mhpI-bpw, Ah Hcp-an-p-IqSn

Hcp sh-p-gn-bpsS AKm-[Xbntev Xp-hm Xocp-am-\n-p-Ibpw
sNbvX-tm \mw Ah\v Znhy-k-tiw \In, Ah Xncn--dn-bmsmcp Ah--bn Cmcyspdnv \o Ah-tcmSv hnhcw ]dbpI Xs sNpw Fv.
bqkp^v (12)
16.
Ah Ah-cpsS ]nXm-hns ASpv cm{Xn Cim-Av ka-bv Ic-psImv hcnIbpw sNbvXp.
17.
Ah ]d-p: Hm R-fpsS ]nXm-th, \niv-Nbw R bqkp-^ns\

R-fpsS km[-\-v Acn-In \nn-smv Hm--b-n
Gs--hcm-bn-cp-p, Atm sNmb Ahs\ Xnp-. Rsf{X
kXyw ]d-bp--h-cm-bmepw icn, Xm R-fn hniz-kn-p-I-bntm!
363
AXm-bXv Rfo ]d-bp-Xv kXy-a, C\n kXyw-Xs ]d-bp--sX-nepw

Xmv Rsf hnizm-k-antm.
18.
Ah hymPamb cw ]pc- n- s mv Ahs Ipm- b hpw

sImphnp-m-bn-cp-p. ]nXmhv ]dp: A, \nv \nfpsS a\v Hcp ISpwssI sNm tXmn-n--XmIpp. Atm
`wKn- b mbn anpI Xs! \n P]n- psImncnp- Xnsta Am-lp-hnt\mSv Rm klmbw tXSpIbpw sNpp.
"`wKn-bmb anpI' Fp-]-d-m, BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn \S-p Fmw

Amlp t\cs \nbn-Xv Xs-bmWv, Ah ImWp-p-v, hon-p-pv
F t_m[-n hn]pI hcp-tm Bh-em-Xn-bn-m-sX, sh{]m-f-an-msX,
ima\tmsS, a-tbmsS t\cn-Sp kz`m-ha
- m-Wv. _Jd: 153157, amCZ: 94, Xu_:
51, bq\pkv: 109 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
19.
Hcp bm{Xm -kwLw AXp-hgn hcnIbpw AhcpsS shwtImcnsb

shw sImph-cm Ab-pIbpw sNbvXp. As\ Abm sXmn
InW-n-en-d-n-b-tm ktm-jtmsS hnfn-p-]-d-p: lmbv, CXm
ChnsS Hcp _me! Ah Ahs\ Hcp I-hSc-mn cl-kyamn shp. Ah {]hn-psIm-n-cp--Xns\pdnv icnpw
Amlp Adn-bp--h-\pam-Ip-p.
20.
F-s GXm\pw Xp-amb Znl-ap-I hne-bmn Ah Ahs\

hnpI-bpw sNbvXp. Ah Ahs Imcy-n A[nIsampw
{]Xo-n-p--h-cm-bn-cp-n-.
AXm-bXv Akm-[m-c-W-ambn As\ Hcp Ipnsb Is-Sp--tm Ah

B Ip-n-sb-p-dnv Hpw At\zjnmsX Innb hnev hnp-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv.
Ahs Imcy-n A[nIw hne Bh-iy-s-n-cp-s-nepw AhXv e`n-p-ambn-cp-p.
21.
ankzvdn Ahs\ hmnb B Xs ]Xv\n-tbmSv ]d-bpI-bp-mbn:

Chs\ \o F\n-p-thn \mbn ]cn-]m-en--Ww, Ch \apv
364
JpB\ns Bmhv
{]tbm-P-\-s-t-mw, As-n Chs\ \apv aI-\mbn Zs-Sp-pIbpw sNmw. A{]-Imcw bqkp-^ns\ \mw `qan-bn Xma-knnp.
Imcy--fpsS bYm hymJym-\--fn \nv Ahs\ \mw ]Tn-np-Xn-\p-th-n. Amlp Xs Imcyw icnpw hnP-bI-ca
- mbn \SnempI Xs sNpw. Fm P\--fn A[n-I-t]cpw A-dn-hn-m-h-cm-Ip-p.
22.
Ah\v bu\w {]m]n-t- m \mw Ah\v "bpnbpw Adnhpw' {]Zm\w

sNbvXp. A{]-Im-c-amWv Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-phv
\mw {]Xn-êw \Ip-I.
Jp-B\
- n km[m-cW "lnIvaXv' \IpI Fm \p_p-v{]hm-NIXzw
\IpI Fm-Wv. Cu kq--n "bpnbpw Adnhpw' FmWv lnIvaXv
sIm-am-p-X
- v. Cv bpnbpw Adnhpw sImv Dt-in-p-Xv JpB\ns
Bibw -Xsbm-Wv. lv: 8, epJvam: 20 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. lqZv: 120 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
"A{]-Im-c-amWv Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-phv \mw {]Xn-êw
\Ip-I' Fv ]d--Xn \npw {]hm-N-Iamv am{X-a Jp-B-\ns Bib-n \nv Am-lp-hns\ ImWmsX Ip-sImv Ncn-p Fm-Im-e-pap hnizm-kn-Ipw lnIvaXpw auC-fXpw \Ip-sa-mWv. _Jd: 269, ABw:
84, Xu_: 100, bq\pkv: 57 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
23.
GsXm-cp- hon-emtWm Ah Xma-kn-n-cpXv B ho-p-Imcn Ahs\

hioIcn-p ]mn-em-m {ian-pI-bm-bn-. hmXnep-I sImnb-S-s-SpIbpw Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp: \o Ctmp hcq. Ah
]d-p: Am-lp-hn ic-Ww, \nbw Ah-Fs \mY- F\nv
Ghpw \ ]mnSw \In-bn-cn-p-p. \nbw Ah A{I-an-Isf Hcn-epw hnPbn-np-I-bn-.
ABw: 21, bq\pkv: 17 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
24.
\nbw Ah Ahs\ ]mnemm DZy-an-pI-bp-mbn. Xs

\mYs sXfnhv Inn- m- b n- c p- s - n Ah Ah- s fbpw
]mnemm DZy-an-pam-bn-cpp. A{]-Imcw ZpjnXpw thpamb
{]hrn-I-sfsmv \mw Ahs\ ]nn-cn-n-pI Xs sNbvXp,
\nbw Ah \psS sXsc-s-Sp-s
- \njvIf
-
- c
- mbZmkamcnsh Xs-bm-bn-cpp.
kqw 22 ]d bpnbpw Adnhpw Xs-bmWv _plmsX-fn-hv.

Am-lp-hns\ Ip sImv Ncn-p--h-cmWv aplvkn-\o-. An-km-Av: 174,
a\p-jytc, \nv \n-fpsS \mY-\n \np _plm hp-In-n-bn-cn-p-
bqkp^v (12)
365
p Fp-]-d-Xn _plm Jp-B\mWv. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-amWv Amlphns\ ]cnN-b-s-Sp-p--Xv. bqkp^v \_nv A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-tn h Cu kw`h-n-eqsS bYm-n At-l-s Amlp ]co-n-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. sXpsN-m Ah-kc
- a
- p-m-bnv Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv sXp-sN-m-h
- c
- mWv apJo-. AYhm Ftmgpw Amlv F kvac-W-tbm-Sp-IqSn Am-lp-hn-\p-thn
am{Xw Pohn-p Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I. ^mnl: 4 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
lnPv: 39-40, kzmZv: 82-83 kq--fn, ]nimNv Am-lp-hn-t\mSv ]d- k`w
hnh-cn-p-Xv C-s\-bm-Wv, a\p-jy-cn \nv \ns {]tXy-I-m-cmb ASn-a-Ifm-h-sc-sbmw Rm ey-t_m-[w \jvS-s-Spn ]mn-em-pI Xs sNpw.
Atm Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn Pohn-p, Fm-bvtmgpw "Amlv'
Fp kvac-W-tbm-Sp-IqSn Ncn-p aplvkn-\o-sf ]nimNv ]mn-em-p-I-bn-.
adn-bw: 51-, \nbw aqkm Am-lp-hns {]tXy-I-m-c-\mb ASn-a-bpw dkqepw
\_n-bp-am-bn-cp-p Fp]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 139, An-km-Av: 118 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
25.
Ah cv t]cpw apnepw ]nn-ep-ambn hmXn-tev HmSpIbpw

Ah ]nn\nv Ahs Ipmbw ]nSn-p- IodpI-bpw sNbvXp.
Ahcncp- h cpw hmXn Ah- f psS `mhns\ ImWpIbpw
sNbvXp. Ah tNmZnp: XmfpsS hop-Imcn-bpsS t\sc ZpjvIn\v apXn Ch\p {]Xn-ê
- sa-mWv? Pbn-en-eS-
- p-It- bm Asn thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in- \Ip-I-tbm A-msX?
26.
Ah ]d-p: Ah-fmWv Fs hioIcn-p ]mn-em-m {ian-Xv.

B kv{XobpsS _p--fn \np Hcp kmn kmyw hln-v
Cs\ ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp: Ahs Ipmbw aph-i-mWv Iodnbn-p--sX-n Ah kXyhXn-bm-Ipp, Ah Iw ]d-bp--hcn s]-h-\p-am-Ip-p.
27.
C\n Ahs Ipmbw ]nh-i-amWv Iodn-bn-p--sX-n, Ah ]dXv If-hm-Wv. Ah kXykam-cn s]-h-\p-am-Wv.
28.
As\ Ah bqkp-^ns Ipmbw ]nhiw Iodn-b-Xmbn Itm, Atlw`m-hv ]d-p: \nbw CXv \nkv{XoIfpsS IpX-{fn s]Xm-Ip-p. \nbw \n-fpsS IpX{w
`bcw Xs-!
29.
bqkpt^, \o CXns\ Ah-K-Wn-p-I. Hm s]t, \o \ns sXn\v

s]mdp--ens\ tXSp-I. \nbw \o sXpIm-cn- s]-h Xs-bmWv.
Ipmbw aph-i-amWv Iodn-bn-cp--sX-n A{I-a-W-n\v Hcp-s-Xv bqkp^m-sW-pw, kv{Xo c-s-Sm ]ntmv amdn-btm Iodn-b-XmWv F-Xn\v hy-
366
JpB\ns Bmhv
amb sXfn-hmWXv. Fm bqkp^ns Ipmbw ]nnemWv Iodnbncnp--Xv

FXn-\m, kv{Xo At-l-ns ]nn IqSn-b-Xm-sW-pw, ]pd-In\nv hen-Xm-sWpw, bqkp^v Ah-fn\nv HmSn c-s-Sm {ian--XmsWpw AXv
hy-am-pI-bp-mbn.
30.
]-W-nse kv{XoI ]dbm XpSn: {]`p-hns `mcy Xs bphmhmb `rXys\ hio-Ic

- n-m {iann-cn-p-p, Ah-t\m-Sp A\pcmKw
Ah-fpsS ka-\ne sXn-n-cn--pp. \nbw R Ahsf hyamb hgn-tI-Sn-em-bnmWpp.
31.
kv{XoIfpsS ]cn-lk-cn-p-sIm-p Cu Ipipph-am\w tItm, Ah Ah-cntevk-mc-n\v Wnm Bsf

Abp. Ah- Ahp-thn Nmcp-a- Hcpn. Ah-cn Hmtcmcppw Ah]g- \pdp-p--Xn\v thn Hmtcm Inbpw
\In. Fnv bqkp-^n-t\mSv Ah ]dp: \o Ah-cpsS apntev sNp-I. As\ Ah Ahs\ I-tm Awhnv AhcpsS ssII apdn-p-t]m-bn. Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp: Am-lphn A`bw! CsXmcp a\pjy\ Xs, \nbw CsXmcp am\y\mb
ae--msX am-cp-a-.
32.
Ah ]d-p: GsXm-cp-hs ^nXv\bnemtWm Rm AI-s--Xmbn

\n Btcm-]n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Xv Ah-\m-WnXv. \nbw, Rm
Ahs\ hi-s-Sp-m {ian-pI-Xs sNbvXn-p-v. Fm Ah
hgnbn, Rm Ah-t\mSv I]npw{]Imcw Ah {]hnpn-s-n Xo-bmbpw Ah Pbn-en-eS-
- s
- -Sp-Ib
- pw, CI-gvs
- h-cn s]p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNpw.
33.
Ah ]d-p: Fs \mYm, Ch Fnte-m-tWm Fs hnfn-psIm-n-cn-pXv, AXn-t\-m F\n-njvSw Pbn Xs-bm-Wv.

Ah-cpsS IpX-{-sfsmv Fs \o ]nn-cn-n-n-s-n, Rm
Ah-cpsS sIWn-bn IpSp-n-tm-hp-I-bpw, Rm Ahn-th-In-I-fn
s]p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNp-a-tm.
34.
Atm Xs \mY At-l-ns {]m\ kzoI-cn-p. AhcpsS IpX-{- At-l-ssXmv Xncnp-hnp. \nbw Ah
Fmw tIp k-m-\nb--tm.
35.
]ns(At-l-ns kz`m-h-a-lna-bp-sSbpw kzw kv{XoI-fpsS

kz`mh-Zq-iy-nsbpw) AS-bm-f- I-ti-jhpw Ahs\ Hch[n-hsc Pbn-en ]mnpI Xs thW-sav Ah Xocp-am-\n-p.
bqkp^v (12)
367
Ip--sfmpw Btcm-]n-m\nm-Xn-cp-n-pw, Bcpw tNmZyw sNm-\n-tm
Fp-I-cpXn bqkp^v\_nsb Pbn-eneSm Xocp-am-\n-Xv, \oXnbpw \ymbhpw
B kaq-l-n \ne-\n-n-cp-ns-Xn-\p hyamb sXfn-hmWv. AhcpsS
kv{XoIsf \ne-p\nm {ian-p-Xnt\m Xmew Cu \nc-]-cm-[nsb
Pbn-en-e-S-p-I-bm-Wv kuI-cy-{]-Zsav a\-n-emnb Ah Imp-\oXnbmWv \Sn-em-nbXv. Fmw ]Xn-bn-cpv hon-p, lrZ-b--fpsS Ah-b-dn-bp
Am-lp-hnepw, Ah-cpsS tIhn-Ifpw ImgvN-I-fpw sXmen-Ifpw Ahs-Xn-cn
kmyw-hl
- n-p ]c-tem-IZn\-nepw hnizkn-m-smcp P\-Xb
- n\nv, hnizmkn-Iv Ccw A\oXn am{XamWv Fpw Fhn-sSbpw e`npI. CXv a\-nemn {kjvSm-hns\bpw hn[n-Zn-h-k-sbpw ]cnNb-s-Sp-mthn Jp-B\ns
Bibw samw a\p-jyv Fn-pI FXv Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmb
hnizm-kn-I-fpsS IS-abmWv. Fm am{Xta Amlp Ahsc Fm hn]-p-Ifn \npw kwc-n-p-I-bp-p. amCZ: 67, bq\pkv: 108, lqZv: 123 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
36.
Pbnen Aht\msSmw thsd cv bphm- IqSn {]th-in-p.

Ahcn Hcm ]d-p: \nbw Rm aZyw ]ngn-p-sIm-Sp-p-Xmbn kz]v\w ImWp-p. a-h ]d-p: \nbw Rm Fs Xebn sdmnNp-a-p-Xmbpw, ]n-I AXn\nv sImnnp
Xmbpw kz]v\w ImWp-p. Rn-Xns hymJym\w hnh-cnpXm-epw. \nbw Xmsf R ImWp--Xv kpIr-X-hm-amcn
s]-h-\m-bnm-Wv.
bqkp^v \_n-bpsS IqsS Pbn-en {]th-in Cu cp-Iq-p-Imscn

ss__nfn ]dnp--Xv, Ah-cn Hcm cmPm-hn\v aZyw hnf-phcpsS Xeh-\m-bn-cp-s-pw, ah cmPm-hn\v sdmn-bp-m-p--h-cpsS taem-f\mbn-cp-p Fp-am-Wv. HcpkZy-bpsS k`-n Ah\p-m-nb sdmn tami-ambntmb-Xpw,
as-h aZyw hnf-nb -]m{X-n Hcp Cu ImW-s--Xp-am-bn-cpp Chv
Pbnin hn[n-s
- -Sm Imc-Ws
- a-v "Xaq-Zn' ]d-npv. \nbw Xmsf
R kpIr-X-hm-\m-bn-mWv ImWp-Xv Fp-]-d--Xn \npw, bqkp-^ns\
Pbn-en F-s\-bmWv hon--s-n-cp--sXv hy-ambn a\-n-em-m-hp-Xm-Wv. Atlw Ip-hm-fn-b-s-pw, adnv hfsc kZvhr--\mb Hcm-fm-sWpw
Pbn-en-\-Ipw ]pd-p-ap Fm-hpw Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-p. Am-n At-ltmfw kZvhr-\mb Hcm aX-t\-Xm--nS-bn t]mepw Dm-bn-cp-n-.
ss__n-fn ]d-bp-Xv C-s\-bmWv: "Ahn-sS-bp Fm XS-hp-Im-scbpw XShd kqn-p-m-c, tbmtk-^ns tat\m--n hnp-sIm-Sp-p. AhnsS \S-Xns\mw Abm-fm-bn-cpp \S-n-p-Im-c. Imhv tbmtk-^n-t\mSv IqsSbp-m-bn-cp--Xn-\m tbmtk-^ns\ `c-ta]n HcpImcy-nepw XS-hd kqnp-Im-c {in-t-n-bn-cp-n-. tbmtk-^ns {]hrn-I Fmw ssZhw hnPb-I-c-amn' (D]-n, 39: 22-, 23).
368
37.
JpB\ns Bmhv
Ah ]d-p: \nsf cvt]scbpw `n-nm-\p `Ww
\nv Fp-I-bn-AXv \nv cp-t]pw sImp-h-cp-Xn\v apmbn Rm \nncp-hpw AXns hymJym\w ]dpX-n--msX. AXm-Is, Fs \mY Fs ]Tn-n--Xn
s]Xpam-Ip-p. \nbw Rm Am-lp-hns\smv hniz-kn-mXn-cn-p-Ibpw, ]c-tem-IwsImv \ntj-[n-p-hcpamb Hcp P\-ns
PohnX-Ncy Dt]-nh Xsbm-Ipp-.
kzK-n-te-p "Bbn-c-n Hns' Ncy-bmWv hnizmknI ]n]pI. AXv \c-I-n-te-p "sXmm-bn-cn sXmqn H-Xns' Ncy-bn \nv
Fm-wsImpw hyXy--am-bn-cnpw. "R \n\v thn-am{Xw Pohn--p-p,
AXn\v R \ntmSv am{Xw klmbw tXSp-p' F ^m-nl 4mw kqw
]mcm-bWw sNp-tm- Rsf "Bbn-c-n HmtW' Fpw, "\o tIm]n-s--h-cp-sSbpw hgn-]n-g--h-cp-sSbpw amK-n-e-' F 7mw kqw ]mcm-bWw
sNp-tm Rsf "sXmm-bn-cn sXmqn H-Xn' s] apkvenw t\Xm-fn-epw A\p-bm-bn-I-fnepw Ds-Sp--cptX Fp-am-bn-cn-Ww a\-n Icp-tX-Xv. _Jd: 166-167, bq\pkv: 99-100 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
38.
Rm ]n]-p--Xv Fs ]nXm-a-lam-cmb C_vdmloansbpw

Ckv l m- J n- s bpw bAv J q_n- s bpw Ncybm- I pp. Am- l phns\smv bmsXm-n-s\bpw ]vtN Rv tbmPn-XXs. AXv R-fp-sS-ta-enepw a\p-jy-cp-sS-ta-enepw Am-lp-hns
HuZm-cy-am-Ipp. ]t P\--fn A[n-I-t]cpw \n -{]-I-Sn-n-m-h-cm-Ip-p.
Fm {]hm-N-Iam-scbpw t]mse bqkp^v \_nbpw Am-lp-hns\ ]cn-N-bs-Sp-p-I-bmWv sNp--Xv. Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn bmsXm-ns\bpw ]p-tNm-sX, Fmw Amlp-hn\v kan-p-sImv Ahs {]Xn-\n-[nI-fmbn Pohn-p--h-cmWv hnizm-kn-I. "AXv R-fp-sS-ta-enepw a\p-jy-cp-sS-taenepw Am-lp-hns HuZm-cy-am-Ipp' Fv -]-d--Xns hnh-; Am-lp-hns
A[n-Im-cm-hI
- m-i
- f
- n Bscbpw ]p-tNmsXbp PohnXamWv krjvSn-Iv
k-{k-jvSmhv Xr]vXn-s-n-p--Xv FmWv. bq\pkv: 58- ]d "HuZm-cyhpw
Imcp-Wyhp-amb' Jp-B-\ns Bibn \nv a\-n-emn, Fm Hmtcm-cpcpw
AXv Am-lp-hn-t\mSv tNmZn-p-hm-Wsam-Wv bq\kv: 100 "Amlphns
thpI sIm-msX Hcmfpw hnizm-kn-bm-hp-I-bn' Fv -]-d--Xns hnh.
"Fm P\--fn A[n-I-t]cpw \n -{]-I-Sn-n-m--h-cm-Ip-p' Fv Amlp
Xs ]d-Xns hnh; "\nbw \ns dns ImcpWyw Jp-B-\ns
Bi-bw e`n--h-scm-gnsIbp apgp-h Pnp-Isfsmpw a\p-jyscsmpw
\cIw Ipn-\n-d-pIXs sNpsa \nsdns hN\w ]qn-bm-bn--gnncnp-p' Fv lqZv: 119- ]d-Xv X-s-bmWv. AXp-sImv "Fs \mYm
bqkp^v (12)
369
F\nv Adnhv hn-n-pXtcWta' Fv lrZbw sImv {]mn-p-sImv

Jp-B\
- ns Bibw hmbnp-Ibpw ap-h
- v Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p-IbpamWv Bbnc-n Hn Ds-Sm\p GIhgn. Xu_: 53-55, 124-125, lqZv: 120 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
Am-lpth, Jp-B-\ns Bibw sImv Rsf \o \ns Ftmgpw
kvacn-p--hcpw ap--hsc kvacn-n-p--hcpw \n- {]-I-Sn-n-p--h-cp-am-t-Wta.
Rsf \o Jp-B-\ns Bibw aqSn-sh-p \nsad sXm-Sn-Ifpw \nsI--h-cp-am--cp-tX. Hm k-tem-I--fp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb \mYm.
39.
Hm, Pbn-en Fs Iqp-Im-cm-bn-p--htc, hnhn[--fmb ]e DS-a-IfmtWm, AX- Fmw AS-n-`c

- n-p GI- DS-ab
- mb Am-lp-hmtWm
D-aw?
dAvZ:v 16 Ah-km-\n-p-Xpw, "Ah Fmw AS-n-`c

- n-p GIm-[n-]\patm'
F Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. apAvan:16- Amlp ]d-bpp: hn[n-Zn-hkw Ahsc-m-h-scbpw ad-\on Hsm--mbn \n-s-Spw. Am-lphn\nv Ah-cmcpw
Xs adp \np-I-bn-. tNm-Zn--sSpw: BmWv Ct Zn\s B[n]Xyw? adp-]Sn ]d-b-sSpw: Fmw AS-n-`-cn-p GI- DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hn\v.
\a-kvIm-c-n dqIq-C hnizm-kn-I Am-lp-hns\ Cs\ al-Xz-s-Sp-p-XmWv. Hm AXyp--X-\m-bn-p--ht\, k--\m-bn-p--h-t\, khpw tIp-h-t\, kZm hon-p--ht\, Dns Ddn-bp kq-a-m-\n-bm-bn-p--ht\, Fmw hebw sNbvX {XnIm-e-m-\n-bm-bn-p--h-t\, \o ]cn-ip--\m-Ip-p.
Hm Fmw AS-n-`-cn-p GIt\, Al--cn-m Al-X-bp- GIt\, tkzOm[n-]-\mb GIt\, km-[n-]-\mb GI-t\, FmXcw krjvSnpw Adn-bp--ht\,
\o ]cn-ip--\m-Ip-p. -Xu_: 31 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
40.
Ahs\qSmsX \n C_m-Zv sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p--sXmw

Xs \n-fpw \n-fpsS ]q-]n-Xm-amcpw hnfn- Nne t]cpIfmsX asm-p-a-. Amlp AXn\v bmsXmcp {]am-Whpw Ah-Xcn-n-n-n-. \nbw, hn[nI]n-m-\p A[n-Imcw Am-lp-hn\msX amp-an-. Ah\pthn am{XamsX \n Pohn--cpsXv Ah I]n-n-cn-p-p. AXmWv Ghpw sNmmb Pohn-XcoXn. Fm P\--fn A[n-I-t]cpw Adn-hn-m--h-cm-Ip-p.
^mnl: 4, bq\p-kv: 18, lqZv: 109 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
41.
Hm, Pbn-en Fs Iqp-Im-cm-bn-p--htc, Atm \n-fn Hcm-

Xs bP-am-\\v aZyw IpSn-n-p--Xm-Wv. Fm a-ht\m, Ah
{Iqin--s-Sp--Xpw Ahs Xe-bn\nv ]n-I sImn-n-p-Xp-am-Ip-p. \n cpt]cpw At\z-jn Imcyw hn[nsp
370
JpB\ns Bmhv
Ign-n-cn-p-p.
bqkp^v \_nbpsS "Pbn-en Fs Iqp-Imtc' F A`n-kw-t_m-[\w

{]tXyIw {in-t--Xm-Wv. AYhm \n_-n-Xm-h--bn Pbn-en am{X-amWv
\mw Iqp-Im-cm-bn-p--Xv Fm-Wv. hnizm-kn-Iv hnizm-kn-I-f-mh-cp--am-bn-p
kl-hmkw \n_-n-Xm-h--bn-e-msX Cl-temItm ]c-tem-Itm Dmbn-cn-p-X-. kpKvdp^v: 67 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. AhcpsS dvbP-am-\ CuPn]vXnse cmPm-hpw, bqkp^v \_n-bpsS dvbP-am-\ Fmw AS-n-`-cn-p
Am-lp-hp-am-Wv. {]hm-N-Iam-cp-sSbpw hnizm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw "dpw auem-\bpw'
{kjvSmhmb Am-lp-hmWv. Fm \ntj-[n-I-fpsS "dpw auem-\bpw' hnhn-[kr-jvSn-I-fm-Wv. AAv-dm^v: 54-55, 180, Xu_: 51 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
42.
Ah cpt]-cn\nv c-s-Sp-sav Icp-Xn-b-h-t\mSv bqkp^v ]dbp-Ibpw sNbvXp: \ns bP-am-\s ASp- Fs-p-dnv \o Hmnn--Ww. Fm Ahs bP-am-\-t\mSv bqkp-^ns\pdnv ]dbm ]nimNv Ahs\ ad-n-p-I-f-p. As\ GXm\pw hjtfmfw bqkp^v Pbn-en Xs Ign-p.
"GXm\pw hj-'_nfv-A -kn-\o Fp-]-d-Xns Dtiyw 3 apX

9 hjw hsc-bp Ime-L--n-\mWv -]-d-bp--sXv Adqw: 24 kq--fpsS
hni-Zo-I-c-W-n \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Fm {]hm-N-Iampw ]nim-Nns\ i{Xphm-n-bn-p-sv A-Bw: 112 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbnp-I.
43.
cmPmhv ]d-bpI-bp-mbn: \nbw Rm kz]v\w In-cn-p-p. Ggv

XSnpsImgp ]ip-, Ahsb Ggv saen ]ip- XnpsIm-n-cn-p-p. Ggv ]-bmb [m\y--Xn-cp-Ifpw thsd Ggv DWnb [m\y--Xn-cp-Ifpw. Hm sImmchnZzmam-tc, \n F\nv
Fs Cu kz]v\w hymJym-\nv Xcp-hn\n- kz]v\w hymJym\np-h-cm-sW-n.
44.
Ah ]d-p: CsXms A-an-m t]n-\m-hpIfmIp-p.

R Ccw In\m-hp-I-fpsS hymJym\ Adn-bp--h-c Xm\pw.
45. B cv XS-hp-Imcn\nv c-s-Sp-Ibpw IptdIme-n-\p-tijw

Imcyw Hmn-pIbpw sNbvXh ]d-p: Rm \nv AXns
hymJym\w ]d-p-X-cmw. Atm Fs \n ]db-m-epw.
cmPm-hns Z_m-dn-ep apJyam kz]v\hymJym-\-w Adn-bn-sv ]dp
]nam- d n- b - t m, apv bqkp^v \_n- b psS kl- X - S - h p- I m- c \mbn- c p csbmv Pbn-en Ign-bp bqkp-^ns\ Hma- hp. Atlw Xsbpw IqpIm-cs
- bpw kz]v\w icn-bmbn hymJym-\n kw`hw cmPm-hn-t\mSv hni-Zo-Ic
- npIbpw,
bqkp^v (12)
371
Fs bqkp-^ns ASptv Ab-p-I, Rm CXns hymJym\w tNmZn--dnv hcm-sav ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
46. bqkp-^v, Hm kXy-k\mbn-p--ht\, Rv Cu kz]v\ns
hymJym\w ]d-p-X-cn-I. AXm-bXv Ggv XSnpsImgp ]ip-sf
XnpsImn-cn-p Ggv saen ]ip-fpw, Ggv ]-bmb [m\y-Xn-cp-I-fpw, thsd Ggv DW-nb IXn-cp-I-fpw. Rm P\--fn-tev
Xncn-p-sN--s, Imcyw Ahsc Adnbnp--Xn-\p-thn.
bqkp^ns kXy-k--amb Pohn-X-w Ahs\ hfscb[nIw BIjn-n-cpp
Fv Cu A`n-kw-t_m-[-\-n \nv a\-n-em-m-hp--Xm-Wv. "kno-Jv'-k-Xykhni-Zo-I-c-W-n\v ^mnl: 6, An-km-Av: 69 t\mp-I. Imcyw Ahsc
Adnbnp--Xn-\p-thn Rm P\--fn-tev XncnpsN--s Fv ]d-Xns
hnh-; F{X kpIr-X-hm\pw kXy-k-\pamb Hcmsf-bmWv Ah Imc-W-an-msX
Pbn-eneSn-cn-p-s
- Xv t_m[y-sv, Acw A\oXn {]hn-pI hgn \mn
Zpcn-X-fpw mahpw hcp-sav a\-n-emn Ah Xm-sf tamNn-n-m CShcs FmWv.
47.
bqkp^v ]d- p: Ggphjw XpS- b mbn \n Irjn

sNpXmWv. As\ sImbvsX-Sp-m \nv `nm\p
Ipd-v [m\y-sam-gnv _mn IXn-cp-I-fn Xs Ah-ti-jn-n-p-I.
48. ]ns AXn-\p-tijw ISp ma-ap Ggphj- hcp--XmWv. At-p-thn apIqn H-cpnshsXmw Xnp-Xo-cpw\n
{]tXyIw kqn-p-sh--sXmgn-sI-.
49.
]ns \nv ta-ap Hcp hjw hcpw. AXn P\--v

Pe-k-ar-nbpw ê-kar-n-bp-ap-m-bn-cnpw.
Pe-k-ar-nbpw ê-kar-n-bp-ap-m-bn-cnpw Fv ]d--Xns hnh,

[mcmfw ag e`nv AXp-hgn ]e-Xcw Irjn-I Xgp hf-cp-Ibpw, Fpcp-fpw
ImbvI-\n-Ifpw [mcm-f-ambn e`n-p-Ibpw sNpw FmWv. \-hw tap-Xnm ]pv e`n-p--Xn-\m Imen-I [mcmfw ]m \Ip--Xpam-Wv. bqkp^v
\_n kz]v\- hym-Jym\w hnh-cn-p-sIm-Sp-pI am{X-a-, {]iv\n\v ]cn-lmcw \ntZin-pIIqSn sNp-p. AtXm-sSmw ma -hj-ptijw hcmt]mIp
\ \mfpIsfpdn-p ktm-j-hmbpw Adn-bn-p-p. AXv cmPm-hns
kz]v\-n DsXm-bn-cp-n-. hnizm-kn-I GXv {]iv\-n-\p-ap ]cn-lmcw
Jp-B-\n \nv Is-Spv temI-sc -A-dn-bn-p-hcm-Wv. Fm- Po-h-Pm-epw {kjvSm-hns\ kvXpXn-m\pw hmgvm\p-ap Ah-kcapm-IW-sa
Dt-iy-tm-Sp-IqSn, `qansb AXns kp-e\
- m-h
- b
- n \ne\np-X
- n\v thn,
Jp-B\ns Bibw {Xmkmbn D]-tbm-K-s-Spm Ah P\-sf D]tZin-p-
372
JpB\ns Bmhv
-h-cm-bn-cnpw. Ir]m-ephpw Imcp-Wy-hm-\p-amb Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmb

Ah temI-tcmSv KpW-Imw--bp--h-cp-am-bn-cn-pw. AAv-dm^v: 96, Xu_: 71-73
50. cmPmhv ]d-bpIbpw sNbvXp: \n Ahs\ Fs ASpv sImph-cp-hn. As\ cmP-mhns Zq-X Xs ASp- h-tm
bqkp^v ]d--p: \o \ns bP-am-\s ASp-tv Xncn-p- t]m-hpI, Fnv kzw ssII apdn-s-Sp-nb B kv{XoI-fpsS \ne]msSsv At-l-tmSv tNmZn-p-I. \nbw Fs \mY AhcpsS IpX-{-sfpdnv icnpw Adnbp--h Xs-bm-Wv.
AXm-bXv Fs Pbn-en-e-S-m Imc-W-mcmb, IpX{w sa\ kv{XoIv Fs-p-dn-p Ctm-gs \ne-]mSv Fm-sWv tNmZn--dnv cmPmhv
Fs \nc-]-cm-[nw P\-sf t_m[y-s-Sp-pIbpw, taen Acw kv{XoIfpsS IpX-{- Fs ta {]tbm-Kn-p-I-bn-sv Dd-p \Ip-Ibpw thWw.
51.
cmPmhv tNmZnp: bqkp-^ns\ \n hioIcn-p ]mn-em-m {ian-Xns\pdnv \ns-mWv ]d-bp-hm-\p-Xv? Ah ]d-p:

Am-lp-hn A`bw! Ah\n Fs-nepw Hcp XnbpXmbn
Rdnbn. {]`p-hns `mcy ]d-p: CtmgmWv kXyw ISs-Spv ]pd-p-h-Xv. Rm\mWv Ahs\ hioIcn-p ]mn-em-m
{ian--Xv. \nbw Ah kXy-k-cn s]-h Xs-bm-Ipp.
52.
AXv Atlw Adn-bm thn-bm-Wv\nbw Rm At-l-ns

A`m-h-n At-ls hn-n-n-s-v. \nbw Amlp hIam-cpsS IpX-{- ]qh-Wn-bn-pIbpan-.
53.
Rm Fs Bmhns\ Ip-hn-ap-am-p-n-. \nbw Bmhv

Xnv t{]cn-n-pXv Xs-bm-Ip-pFs \mYs ImcpWyw e`nhsm-gn-v. \nbw Fs \mY Gsd s]md-pp-- Icp-Wm-hm-cn[n-btm.
kqw 51 {]`p-hns `mcy ]d-p F-Xp-ap-X 53-mw kqw Ahkm\w hsc cmP-k-Z-nshp Ah-fpsS kwkmcw Xs-bm-Wv. bqkp^v \_n
Atmgpw Pbn-en-em-Wp--Xv. Cu kv{XoI-fpsS Imcy-nep Xocp-am\hpwsImv
ZqX cm-aXv AhnsS sNn-n-. am{X-a kqw 29 {]`p Xs ]Xv\n-tbmSv
\nbw \o Ip-m-cn s]-h Xs-bm-sWv ]d-npapmbncp-p. Atm
`mhn\v Xs Imcy-nep kwi-bw \op--Xn-\pw, Rm At-l-ns
A`m-h-n At-ls hn-n-n, Fm Rm Fs Bmhns\ ]cn-ip-am-p-pan-, \nbw Bmhv Ipw {]hn-p--Xn-\p-thn t{]cn-n-pXv Xs-bm-Wv, Fm Fs \mYs A\p-{K-l-m B hIp-n AI-
bqkp^v (12)
373
s-SmsX Ah Fs cn-p, \nbw Fs \mY Gsd s]mdp-p--h\pw

Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[nbpw Xs-bmWv. Ah Amlp-hn-t\mSv s]mdp--ens\ tXSp-Ibpw, bYm hnizm-kn-\n-bmbn amdpIbpw, \nbw Amlp h-Iam-cmb
Hcm-fp-sSbpw X{w hnP-bn-n-p-I-bn- F kXyw {]Jym-]npIbpw sNbvXp.
As\ Xs `m- h mb {]`p- h ns ac- W - t ijw Amlp bqkp^v
\_nsbsmv Ahsc hnhmlw sNn-n-p-I-bpw, h\ sNm-, hnizm-kn\n-bmb Ah-cpsS B{Klw Cl-nshpXs k^-eamn sImSppIbpw
sNbvXp. \lv: 97 Amlp ]d-bpp: BWm-bn-cn-s s]m-bn-cn-s
BcmtWm kIa- A\p-jvTn-p-Xv, Ah hnizm-kn-bp-amWv Fn \mw
Ahs\ Cl-n ]cn-ip--amb Hcp PohnXw \bn-n-p-I -Xs sNpw. Ah
ChnsS sNbvX Ghpw \ {]hrn-t\mn ]c-n \mw Ahv {]Xn-êw
\Ip-Ibpw sNpw. kpa: 33-35 A-mlp ]d-bpp: BmtWm "kznZvJv'JpB-\ns Bi-bw hv Inp-I-bpw AXns\ kXy-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXXv Aq Xs-bm-Wv Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p--h. Ahv X-fpsS
\mYs ] Ah-cp-t-in--- sXmw Dv. AXmWv Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv
Ncn-p--hp {]Xn-êw. Ahv Jp-B-\ns Bibw Inp--Xn\papv
Ah-cn-hnsS {]hn-p-sIm-n-cp Xn-I-sfmw Amlp Ahv ambvp sImSpp-Xpw Ah sN-bvXp-sIm-n-cp Ghpw \ {]hrn-t\mn {]Xn-êw
\Ip--Xp-am-Wv. Cv Ghpw \ ]hrn-bpw kIhpw Pohn-X-eyw a\n-em-m\pw Ah-c-hsc ipo-I-cn-m\pw Bm-hn\v imnbpw kam-[m-\hpw
e`n-m-\p-ap-X-Ip Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-I-bpw ]Tn-n-p-I-bp-w am{Xam-Wv.
52-53 kq--fnse hmp-I bqkp^v \_n-bp-tS-Xm-bn-mWv Nne a\-nem-p--Xv. Fm kqw 22- bqkp^v \_nv {]hm-NIXzw \In-, A{]-Imc-amWv Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p--hv {]Xn-êw sImSp-p-I-sbv
]d-X
- pw, 24- A{]-Imcw bqkp-^ns\smv \oNhpw Zpjn-X
- p-amb {]hrnI
XS-bp--Xn-\p-thn Xs \mYs sX-fn-hv_plm ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-spw,
\nbw Atlw \psS sXsc-s-Sp--s ASn-a-I-fns-h Xs-bm-bncpp Fp-]-d--sXmpw Ch Ku\n-p-n-. AYhm a\-m--hm-Nm--IaWm
Am-lp-hn\v kanp Pohn-p bqkp^v sXv -sN-m a\-p-sImpt]mepw
B{K-lnpI-bn-. adnv a\-p-sImv B{K-ln- {]`p-hns`mcy AXv icocw
sImv ]qh-Wn-bn-m {ian-s-nepw AXn\v km[y-am-bn-. ]noSv Ah Amlp-hn-t\mSv s]mdpens\tSp-Ibpw bYm hnizm-kn\n-bm-hp-Ibpw sNbvXtm Amlp Ah-cpsS B{Klw Cl-tem-I-p-shv Xs ]qn-bmnsmSpp-IbmWp-m-bXv. An-km-Av: 31 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. BWm-bn-cn-s
s]mbn-cn-s, hniz-mkn-IfpsS B{K-l- Cl-tem-I-p-shv Xs Amlp
]qh-Wn-bn-psImSpp-sav Cu kw`hw ]Tn-n-p-p.
\^vkn-\vBm-hn\v aqv Ah--I-fpv. 1) \^vkv Am-dXv: Zpjvt{]-
374
JpB\ns Bmhv
cIa\v. 2) \^vkv m-ax kzbw Ip-s-Sp-p a\v AYhm AJzn-bm-a:

2 ]d a\xkmn. Hmtcm-cp-cpw Ah-c-hsc hnizm-kn-bmtWm \ntj-[nbmtWm Fv a\xkmn-tbmSv kzbw tNmZnv Ddv hcp-t--Xm-Wv. Cu
a\xkmn-mWv kzK-n shv krjvSn--tm Xs Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw
]Tn-n-n-p--Xv. AXmWv Jznbma: 14-15 "A, a\p-jy\v Ah-s\-p-dnv icnpw
ImgvN-m-Sp--h-\mWv, Ah Fv Hgn-I-gnhv ]d-mepw icn' Fv ]d--Xns
s]mcp. 3) \^vkv apXzvaCx:- imn-t\-Snb AYhm Ddv hcp-nb a\-v (^Pv:
27). \^vkv apXzvaCx am{X-amWv hnP-bw hcn-p-Xv. AXn-\p GI amKw
Cm-cy--sfmw DWp Jp-B-\ns lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn-ep Bi-b-amWv. dAvZv: 28- Amlp ]d-bpp: Adn-n-cn-pI Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw sImv
lrZ-b-v imnbpw Ddpw e`n-p--Xm-Wv. AAv-dm^v: 26, Xu_: 26, 71-72,
124, bq\pkv: 103, lqZv: 114-115 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
54.
cmPmhv ]d-bpIbpw sNbvXp: \n Ahs\ Fs ASpv sImph-cp-hn. Rm Ahs\ Fs {]tXy-I

- m-c\
- mbn sXsc-s-Sp-pXm-Wv. As\ bqkp-^p-ambn kwkm-cn--tm cmPmhv ]d-p:
\nbw Cpap-X Xm \psS ] D-X-m-\ap hnizkvX-\m-Ip-p.
55. bqkp^v ]d-p: c

- m-Py-ns JP-\m-hp-I Fs D-ch
- m-Zn-
- n
G]n-m-epw, \nbw AXv t\mn\S-m F\n-v icn-pa-dn-bmw.
56.
A{]-Imcw bqkp-^n-\v \mw `qanbn A[nImcw Hcp-n-sm-Spp.

Dt-inphn[w AXn ssIImcyw sNm-\p Ah-kcw sImSppIbpw sNbvXp. \mw Dt-in-p--hv \psS A\p-{K-l-n
\nv \Ip-p. Am-lphns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p kpIr-Xh
- mamcpsS {]Xn-êw \mw Hcn-epw ]mgmnf-bp-I-bn- Xs.
AAv-dm^v: 170 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
57.
k-Xy-hn-izmkw ssIsIm-p-Ib
- pw Jp-B\ns hn[n-hn-e
- p-I ]n]p-Ibpw sNp-h
- v ]c-temIs {]Xn-êw Gw D-ah
- p-am-Ipp.
bqkp^v \_nv `qan-bn btYjvSw {]hn-m A[n-Im-cw \Inb

Amlp, Ahs\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p hnizm-kn-Ipw A{]Imcw Ah Xr]vXns PohnXw \Ip-sa-mWv ]d-bp--Xv. Cl-n Xs Ah- Xr]vXn-s
PohnXw \IpXm-Wv]c-tem-I-nse {]Xn-^-e-am-h-s, IqSp-X D-a-hp-am-bncn-pw. Aq: 55, An-bm-Av: 105 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Alv: 128-, \nbw
Amlp Ahs\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p--h-tcm-sSm--hpw, Ahs\ lrZ-b-n
kqn-p--h-tcm-sSm--hp-am-sWv ]d-n-p-v. Am-lp-hns Imcp-Wy-amb JpB\ns Bmhv Ghpw \-\n-e-bn ]n]-p--h- Xs-bmWv kamK-n-
bqkp^v (12)
375
ep--h-sc-pw, Ah Xs-bmWv _pn-amam-scpw kpa: 18epw, BmtWm
"knZvJv'-k-Xywhp-In-pIbpw, AXns\ kXy-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXXv Aq-
Xs-bmWv Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p ap-Jo- Fv 33-epw
Ahv X-fpsS \mYs ] Ah-cp-t-in--sXmw Ds-pw, A{]-Im-camWv Am-lp-, Ahs\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p--hv {]Xn-êw sImSp-p-I-sbv
34-epw ]d-n-p-v. 35-, Ah {]hn-p-sIm-n-cp Xn-I Ahscsmv
amp-I-f-bp--Xn-\pw, Ah {]hn-p-sIm-ncp Ghpw \ {]hrn -t\mn
Ahv {]Xn-êw sImSp-p--Xn-\p-th-n-bm-WXv Fpw ]d-n-p-v. _Jd:
186, bq\pkv: 26-27, 94-95, bqkp^v: 22 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
58. bqkp-^ns ktlm-Z-cam -h-p. As\ Ah Ahs ASp-
{]th-in--p. Atm Ah Ahsc Xncn--dn-p, ]t Ahv
Ah A]-cn-Nn-X-\mbn Xs \ne-sImp.
kz]v\-hymJym\a-\p-k-cnv, BZys Ggv hjw bqkp^ns Iogn tatmsS Ign-p-t]m-bn. hcm-\n-cn-p ma-Im-e-w XcWw sNp--Xn\mh-iyamb, [m\y- tiJ-cn-p-X
- Sap Fm apI-cp-Xe
- p-If
- pw Atlw ssIsImp. bqkp^v: 47-48 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. ]noSv CuPn-]vXnepw ]cn-k-c-{]-tZi--fmb
kndnb, êkvXo, Dc Atd-_y, tPmZm XpS-nb e--fn-epw sImSpw
hc Bcw-`n-p. B Ah-k-c-n CuPn-]vXn am{Xta [mcmfw [m\y-
kqn-p-m-bn-cp-p-q. AXn-\m Abcm-Py--fnse P\- [m\yw tiJcn-p--Xn\pthn Iqw-Iq--ambn CuPn-]vXntev hp-sImn-cpp. Aq-n
ê-kvXo-\n \nv bqkp-^ns ktlm-Z-camcpw hcn-I-bp-m-bn. CuPn-]vXn\v
]pdp\nv hcp-hv {]tXyI A\p-aXntbm-Sp-IqSn am{Xta [m\yw \In-bncp-pp. A-s\-bmWv bqkp-^ns ktlm-Z-cam bqkp-^ns kn-[n-bn-sen-b-Xv. Ah Xncn--dn-bm-smcp Ah--bn Cmcyspdnv \o Ah-tcmSv
hnhcw ]d-bpIXs sNpsav kqw 15 ]d-Xv Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
59.
As\ Ahp [m\y-sfmw `mWvU--fn-em-n sIm-SppsImv Ah Ah-tcmSv ]d-p: \n-fpsS ]nXmhnt\msSmap ktlm-Z-cs\ Fs ASp- sImp-hcWw. \nbw Rm
\nv F{]-Imcw Afhv ]qn-bmn Xpshpw, Rm \nv F{X \
- kzoI-cW
- a
- mWv \Inb-sXpw \n IXmWtm?
60. Atm \n Ahs\ sImp-h-cp-n-s-n \nv Fs

]\nv Afhv e`n-p--X-, \n Fs kao-]n-p-IbpacpXv.
61.
Atm Ah ]d-p: Ahs\smv ]nXmhv henb A\p-cm-K-nem-Wv. Fmepw, \n-bw R AXn\v {ianpI Xs sNpw.
62.
bqkp^v Xs `rXyam-tcmSv ]dp: Ah X-fpsS hop-Im-cpsS
376
JpB\ns Bmhv
ASp-s-nbm X sImSp- -ap-X Xncn-p-In-n-b-Xmbn a\n- e m- pXn\pw, Ah hopw Ctmv hcpXn\v CS- b mIpXn\pwthn- \n Ah-cpsS km[-\- c-l-ky-ambn AhcpsS `mWvU--fn Xs shp-I.
"_pfmAv' Fp-]-d-m I-hS km[-\-fmWv. Av [m\y-n\p ]Icw

ap `W km[-\--fm-bn-cn-Ww Ah sImp-h--Xv. [m\y-n\p ]Icw Ah
sImp-h km[-\--sfmw Ah-cpsS Xs `mWvU--fn cl-ky-ambnshpI
hgn Ah hon-sen Nmv Xpd-p-tm- X-fpsS apX-ep-I-sfmw Xncn-p-X-Xmbn a\-n-em-m\pw, AXv Xncn-tnm Ah hopw CuPn-]vXn hcmt\m
As-n Cu HuZm-cy-n BIr--cmbn hopw hcmt\m thn-bm-bn-cpp
bqkp^v \_n As\ {]hn-m ]d--Xv.
63.
As\ Ah Ah-cpsS ]nXm-hns ASp aS-n-sb-n-b-tm

Ah ]d-p: Hm R-fpsS ]nXm-th, `mhn-bn \apv [m\y-a-fp-Xv XS-n-cn-p-p. AXn-\m R-fpsS ktlm-Zs\qSn
R-tfmsSmw ]d--b--WwFnte \apv Af-p-In-q. \nb-ambpw R Ahs\ Imp-kq-n-p--h Xs-bm-bn-cn-pw.
64.
]nXmhv tNmZnp: apv Ahs ktlm-Z-cs Imcy-n \nsf

hniz-kn-X
- v t]msebmsX Ch-s- Im-cy-n F\nv \nsf hnizkn-mtam? AmlphmWv Ghpw \mbn Imp-kq-n-p--h.
Ah IcpW sNp--h-cn shv Gw IcpW sNp--h-\p-a-tm.
65.
Ah X-fpsS `mWvU- Xpd--tm Ah-cpsS km[-\-

Ahp Xs Xncnp \Is-Xmbn Ip. Ah ]d-p: Hm
]nXm-th, \ap-n\n Fp-thWw! t\mp-I, \psS km[-\-fnXm
\ntev Xs aS-s-n-cn-p-p. R t]mbn \psS IpSpw_ns\-m-hpap [m\y- sImp-h-cn-I-bpw, R-fpsS
ktlm-Z-cs\ Imp-kq-n-p-Ibpw sNmw. Hscm-Iw Npa-p
[m\yw IqSp-X e`n-p-a-tm. A{Xbpw Af-p-In-pI Ffp--n
km[n-p Imcy-am-Ip-p.
66.
]nXmhv ]d-p: \nsfm-hcpw IqSn hhn]-nepw s]n-n-sn

Ahs\ FsASp--tev XncnpsImp-h-cnIXs sNp-sav
Am- l p- h nst]cn \nsf\nv {]XnsNbvXv Ddp
XcpXphsc Ahs\ Rm \n-tfm-sSmw Ab-n. A{]-Imcw
Ah Hmtcm-cp-cpw At-l-tmSv {]Xn sNbvXtm Atlw
]dp: \mw Cu ]d-bp--Xn\v Amlphn `c-ta]n-pp.
67.
Atlw Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp: Hm Fs atf, \n
bqkp^v (12)
377
Fm-hcpw Hscm hmXneneqsS {]th-in--cp-Xv, \n hnhn[ hmXnepIfn-eqsS {]th-in-p- sIm-p-I. Fm Am-lp-hn \np-mIp bmsXmpw \nfn\nv XSp-m F\n-m-hn-. \nbw
Xocp-am-\m-[n-Imcw Am-lp-hn-\msX amp-a. Rm Ah-\n
`cta]n-n-cn-p-p. Atm `c-ta]n-p--h-scmw Ah-\n `cta]n-p-sIm--s.
Imcy-Im-cW _-n\v AXo-X-am-bp `c-ta]n- Am-lp-hn am{Xam-Wv. AXv Am-lp-hn-\p C_m-Z-p-am-Wv. imk\m-[n-Im-chpw Am-lp-hn\v
am{X-am-Wv. Fm hnizm-kn-I Ahs\ kvacn-p-sImv Ah \Inb ZoLho-Ww D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-pI-bpw, (_Jd: 269- hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI) AXns
ASn-m-\-n ap--hv \nt-i- sImSp-p-Ibpw thWw. ChnsS Fmhcpw IqSn Hcp kwL-am-bn Htc Ihm-S-n-eqsS {]th-in-p-I-bm-sW-n Ahsc
CuPn-]vXp-Im h Ih-mtcm sIm-mtcm Bbn ]cn-K-Wn-m km[y-Xbp-v. Atm AXn-mXmm-\p \nt-i-ambnsmv hnhn[ Ihm-S--fn-eqsS
{]th-in-p-sIm-pI Fpw, Hmtcm-cp-cpw Am-lp-hnembn-cn-Ww `c-ta]nt-sXpw D]-tZ-in-p-Ib
- m-Wv. IqSmsX kwL-n \nv ktlm-Zc
- _nbmans\ Xncn--dnv bqkp^v \_nv kwkm-cn-m kmlNcy-samcp-p--Xn\pw
\m-bn-cnp-I CXmWv. Fmw Amlp t\cs \n-bnv \S-n-em-p--XmWv.
Xu_: 51, bq\pkv: 61, lqZv: 5-6 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
68.
Ah Ah-cpsS ]nXmhv I]n--X-\p-k-cnv hnhn[ hmXn-epIfn-eqsS

]-Wn {]th-in--tm, Am-lp-hns Xocp-am-\-n\v apn
At-l-ns Cu Icp-X \S-]-Snv Ahscsmv bmsXmcp {]tbmP-\hpw sNm-\m-bn-bAvJq_ns a\-nepm-bn-cp Hcpeyw
\nd-th-pI F-m-sX. \nbw Atlw, \mw ]Tn-nXn\np
Adnhn Xs-bm-bn-cp-p. ]t P\--fn A[n-I-t]cpw bYm
Adn-hn-m--h-cm-Ip-p.
Am-lp-hn \np Adnhv sImp-t-in-p--Xv samw Jp-B\ns

Bi-b-am-Wv. AXpXs-bmWv Ghpw henb Imcp-Wyw. AXv lrZbw sImv a\n-em-m hfsc Ffpamn-bn-cn-p-p. AXv Dm-gvN-Zm-b-I-am-Wv. AAvdm^v:
203- hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. a\p-jyv th Fm D]-a D-Zm-l-c-W-fpw AXn
Nqn-m-Wn-n-p-v. AXv {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Am-lphns hN-\-am-Wv. \n\v
apv Znhy-t_m-[\w \In ]pcp-jamscbmsX {]hm-N-Iam-cmbn \mw Abnn-s-pw, \nv Adn-hn-s-n thZ-ns Bmhv -- B-i-bw Adn-bp--htcmSv tNmZn-p-t\m-p-I, {]hm-N-Iamsc Fmw \mw Ab-Xv hy-amb sXfnhpIfpw, k_qdpIfpw{K-hpw Ah {]hm-NIamcm-sWv sXfn-bn-p Znhymp-Xfpw sImm-Wv. _Jd: 213 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. \n\v \mw Cu
ZnIv Jp-B\ns lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn-ep Bi-bw CdnbXv a\p-jyv
378
JpB\ns Bmhv
\mw FmtWm Ah-X-cn-n-n-pXv AXv Ahv shfn-hmn sImSp-p--Xn-\pth- n- b pw, tI- h tI- h AXv ap- - h - c n- t ev Fnp- - X n\v
thnbpamsWmWv Alv: 4344 ]d-n-p--Xv. Fm P\--fn
A[n-It]cpw Jp-B\ns Bibw Adn-bm--Xn-\m bYm Adnhnm--hcm-Ip-p. Ahv imkv{Xob, cmjv{Sob hnZym`ymk-hpw, ]utcm-lnXy, Iimkv{X
Adn-hp-I-fpsamw Dm-bn-cnmw. Fm bYm Adnhmb Am-lphns\
Xncn--dn-bm\p Adn-thm, Ah-c-hsc Xncn--dn-bm-\p Adn-thm, Pohn-X-eyw
Xncn--dn-bm-\p Adnthm Bb Jp-B\ns Bibw Ah-cn A[n-I-t]pan.
^pJm: 59-, {XnImem\n-bmb Am-lp-hns\pdnv {XnIm-e-m-\-amb
Jp-B\ns Bibw Adn-bphtcmSv tNmZn-m-\mWv ]d-bp--Xv. An-bm-Av: 7epw, \lv: 43-epw, \nv Adn-hn-m--Xv, Jp-B\ns Bmhv Adn-bptcmSv tNmZn-m-\mWv ]d-n-p--Xv. Ben-Cw-dm: 7, ABw: 155-157, lqZv: 120
69.
Ah bqkp-^ns apmsI IS-p-h--tm Xs ktlm-Z-cs\

XnteW-v Atlw ]d-p: \nbw Rm \ns ktlm-Z-c-\mIp-p. Atm \o Ah {]hnp-Xns\pdn-smpw C\n
hnj-an-t--Xn-.
70.
As\ bqkp^v Xs ktlm-Z-camv Ah-cpsS km[-\- Hcpn-sIm-Sp-tm, kzk-tlm-Zc

- s `mWvU
- n Xs ]m\-]m-{Xhpw
\nt-]n-p. ]noSv Hcp hnf--cm-c hnfn-p-]-d-p: Hm bm{Xm
kwL-ta, \nbw \n tamjvSm- Xs-bmIpp.
71.
Ah Ah-cpsS t\sc aptmv hv tNmZn-p: Fsmm-Wv \nv

\jvS-s-Xv?
72.
Ah ]d-p: Rv cmPm-hns ]m\-]m{Xw \jvS-s-n-cn-pp. AXv sImp-h-cp--h\v HscmIw Npa-p [m\yw \Ip-XmWv. Rm AXn\v Ddv \Ipp.
73.
Ah ]d-p: Am-lp-hmWv kXyw, \nbw \n-dn-bm-a-tm,

R \mn \mi-ap-m-m h-hcspw, R tamjvSm-fmbncpnspw.
74.
Ah tNmZn-p: icn, \n ]d-bp-Xv I-am-sWn Atm

AXn-\p {]Xn-êw FmWv?
75.
Ah ]d-p: Ah-\p {]Xn-êw BcpsS `mWvU

- n \nmtWm
AXv Ip-In-p-Xv Ah XsbmWv AXn-\p {]Xn-êw. A{]Imc-amWv \mw A{I-an-Iv {]Xn-êw \IpI.
bqkp^v (12)
379
A{]Im-c-amWv \mw A{I-an-Iv {]Xn-êw \IpI Fp-]-d-Xnse
"\mw' FXv sImp-t-in-p-Xv Am-lp-hm-Wv. Am ]w "R'
FmWv ]d-bp-I. XpSp-h-cp kq-n "A{]-Imcw \mw bqkp-^n-\p-thn
X{-sam-cpn' Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
76.
bqkp^v Xs ktlm-Z-cs `mWvUw ]cn-ti-[n-p--Xn\v apv AhcpsS `mWvU- ]cn-tim-[n-p- Xp-Sn. ]ns Xs ktlm-Z-cs
`mWvU-n \nv AXv ]pd-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A{]-Imcw \mw
bqkp-^n\pthn X{w Hcp-n-. As\ Amlp Dt-in-n-mbncps-n cmPm-hns Zo\nan-kvdnse cmP-Iob \nbaw A\p-k-cnvXs ktlm-Z-cs\ ]nSn-p-sh-m bqkp-^n\v km[n-p-am-bn-cpn-. Cs\ \mw Dt-in-p--hv Db ]Z-hn-I \Ip-p.
Fm Hmtcm Adn-hp-h-cpsS apIfnepw Fmadn-bp Hcp k-\p-v.
Fm X{--fpw \nb-{-W-fpw Am-lp-hns ]-em-Wp--Xv. Atm

hnizm-kn-I Fm -Im-cy-pw Am-lp-hpambn _-s-tSXpw, Ah-t\mSv
lrZbw sImv tNmZnv {]hn-t--Xp-am-Wv. Ah-t\mSv tNmZnv Xocp-am\w
ssIsIm-p-I-bpw, ]ns Ah-\n `c-ta]n-p-Ibpw sNt--Xpam-Wv. _Jd:
77.
Ah ]d-p: Ah tamjvSn-n-p-s-n Xo-bmbpw Ahs

ktlm-Z-c\pw apv tamjvSn-n-p-v. Atm bqkp^v AXv Xs a\n HXp-n. Ah-tcmSv AtXpdn-smpw shfn-s-Sp-n-bn-.
Atlw ]dp: \n-fmWv Ghpw tami-s- -m-\-pXv.
\n P]n-p-- hymP-sfpdnsmw Am-lp- Gw Adn-bp-h-\p-amIpp.
kqw 73-, B ktlm-Z-cam: R ChnsS BZy-ambnv hcp--h-c-,

R `qan-bn \mi-ap-m-p-h
- t- cm Ifhv \S-p-h
- t- cm Hp-as
- v \nv
Adn-bm-atm Fp-]-d Ah, Ctm X-fpsS ktlm-Z-cs ]\nv
\jvS-s ]m\-]m{Xw Innb-tm am\tSn \nv c-s-Sm thn Hcp
Ifhv sIn--av B ktlm-Z-cs\ X-fpsS Iq-n\nv H-s-Spn \np-Ibpw, Aht\msSmw ]qktlm-Z-ct\mSp hntcm[wIqSn {]I-Sn-n-p-I-bp-amWv
sNbvX-Xv. AXv Chv Am-lp-hn-s\-p-dn-p [mcW F{X-am{Xw hnI-e-amsWv Ch-cpsS Cu adp-]-Sn-bn \nv a\-n-em-mw. Ah-cpsS A{I-a-]-c-amb
Ccw kz`mhw ImcWam-Wv 75-, -"A{]Im-c-amWv \mw A{I-an-Iv {]Xn-êw
\Im-dp--Xv' Fv Ah-sc-p-dnv Amlp ]dXpw. AmsX _nbm-an
A{I-an-I-fn s]-h-\m-bn-cp-n-.
78.
Ah ]d-p: Hm {]t`m, \nbw Ah-\v hy-\mb Gsd {]mbwIqSnb
380
JpB\ns Bmhv
Hcp ]nXm-hp-v. AXpsImv Ah-s m\v R-fn Bscsbnepw Hcmsf ]nSn-p-shmepw. \nbw Xmsf R Am-lphns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-ph-cn s]h-\mbn ImWp-p-h-tm.
79.
bqkp^v ]d-p: Am-lp-hn ic-Ww. BcpsS ] \nmtWm

R-fpsS km[\w Is-n-bXv Ah-s\-b-msX asmcmsf R
Fs\ ]nSn-p-sh-pw? \nbw As\ sNbvXm R A{Ian-I-fn s]h Xs-bm-bn-cn-p-a-tm.
80. As\ Ah bqkp-^n \nv \ncm-i-s--tm, Ah {]tXyIw

amdn \nv cl-ky-ambn IqSn-bm-tem-N\ XpS-n. Ah-cn apXnh ]d-p: \nbw \nfpsS ]nXmhv Am-lp-hns\ ap\nn
\n-tfmSv {]Xn hmn-bn-p-sv \nv Adnp-Iq-tS, apv
bqkp-^ns Imcy-n \n hogvN hcp-n-bXpw. AXpsImv
Rm Hcn-epw C\n Cu \mSv hnSp-I-bn-Fs ]n-Xmhv F\nv
A\p-hmZw \IpItbm As-n Amlp Fs Imcy-n hn[nI]n-p-Itbm sNp-X
- p-hs
- c. Ah hn[n- I]n-p-h
- c
- n Gw
D-a-\pa-tm.
81.
\n \n-fpsS ]nXm-hns ASp--tev Xncnv sNp-I, Fnv

\n ]d-bp-I: Hm ]nXm-th, \nbw Xm-fpsS ]p{X tamjvSn-p.
Fm RsmtWm Adn-bp--Xv, AXn\msX R
kmn-b. R ad-- Im-cy- kqn-p--h-cn s]hcmbn-cp-npan-tm.
"RsmtWm Adn-bp--Xv, AXn\msX R kmn-bpa'

Fv ]d--Xns hnh; bYm-n _nbm-an tamjvSn-p-Xv R
In-n Fm Ahs `mWvU-n \nmWv cmPm-hns ]m\-]m{Xw IsSp-Xv F-Xn\v R kmn-bmWv Fm-Wv.
82.
AhnsS R Btcm-sSm--am-bn-cptm Dmbn-cpXv B cmPy-mtcmSpw RfpsS apn-ep-m-bn-cp bm{Xm kwL-tmSpw At\zjn-p-t\mpI. \nbw R kXyw ]d-bp--h Xs-bm-Ip-p.
83.
]nXmhv ]d-p: A, Ftm Hcp ISpwssI IqSn sNm \n-fpsS

Bmhv \nv hgn-s-n-cn-p-p. Atm AXpw `wKn-bmbn
an-pI Xs. Hcp-thf Amlp Ah-sc-sbmw Fs ASp
Fn-t-mw. \nbw Ah k-\mb bpn- Xsbm-Ip-p.
amCZ: 30 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
bqkp^v (12)
381
84. Atlw Ah-scsmv ]nn-cnbpIbpw, Hm IjvSw! bqkp-^ns Imcyn Rms\{X Akz-\
- mWv Fv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Zp:Jm
At-l-ns Ip-I shfpv \cp-t]m-bn. Fm Atlw
hnjaw ISn--an.
85. Ah ]d-p: Am-lp-hmWv kXyw, Xm tcmKn-bm-hpItbm Asn acWw kw`- h n- pItbm sNp- Xphsc bqkp- ^ ns\
Hmtmv Xmsf kzbw \mi-n AI-s-Spp-a-tm.
86.
Atlw ]d-p: \nbw Rm Fs thh-em-Xnbpw Zp:Jhp-samw

Am-lp-hnt\mSv am{X-am-Ipp Bh-em-Xn-s-Sp--Xv. \nv Adnbm ]eXpw Am-lp-hn\nv Rm Adn-bp-p-ap-v.
bAvJq_v \_nsbtmse hnizm-kn-Ifpw k-Sfpw Zp:J-fpw Bh-em-XnIfpw Cm-bvabpw hm-bva-bp-samw Am-lp-hn-t\mSv am{X-amWv Bh-em-Xn-s-tS-Xv. Ah \In-bXv XS-bp--h-tcm, Ah XS-Xv \Ip--h-tcm, Ah
hn[n-Xv XSp-p--h-tcm, Ah XS-Xv hn[n-p--h-tcmbn. Hcp {]am-Wn-bpsStbm Al-m-cn-bp-sStbm {]am-Wnw As-n Al-mcw AhsbSp-
hne-tm-hp-I-bp-an- Fn-cn-s, Hcmt--]-I-sbpw Bt-]s `b-s-SmsX
Fm {]Xo-Ifpw Am-lp-hn An-p-sImv \ne-sIm-p--h-cmWv hnizmkn-I. amCZ: 54, Xu_: 51, 7172 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
87.
Hm Fs a-tf, \n Fm-hcpw t]mbn bqkp-^n-s\bpw Ahs

ktlm-Z-c-s\bpw Hv At\z-jnp-hn. Am-lp-hns kam-izm-kn \n \ncm-i-s-S-cp-Xv. \nbw \ntj-[n-I-fmb Hcp P\-X-bmsX Am-lp-hns kam-izm-k-n \ncm-i-s-SpI-bn- Xs.
hnizm-kn-I {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Am-lp-hn Ftmgpw {]Xo--bnp-sImv \ne-sIm-p--h-cm-Wv. A-m-lp-hns Imcp-Wy-n Hcn-epw Ah

\ncm-i-s-Sp-I-bn-. kpa: 53-, \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm I]n-p-p, krjvSn-sb
]cn[n ewLn-p-sImv kz-tmSv AXn-cp-I-hn Fs ASn-a-ItfmSv ]d-bp-I:
\n Am-lp-hns Imcp-Wyn Bi-b--h-cm-I-cp-Xv. \nbw Amlp Fm
-Ip-fpw Hcp-anv s]mdppX-cphm Ign-hp--h-\m-Wv. \nbw Ah am{X-atm
Gsd s]mdp-p--h\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bpw. _J-d: 254, bq\pkv: 5758, lqZv: 120
88. As\ Ah ankvdn bqkp-^ns apn {]th-in--tm ]dp: Hm {]t`m, R-sfbpw R-fpsS IpSpw-_mw-K--sfbpw -ZpcnXw
_m[n-n-cn-p-p. R hn-p-Xv Ipdv \nm-c-amb km[-\fpam-bn-mWv. Atm Av Rv Afhv ]qn-bm-n--cnI-bpw, Rv Zm\ambn A[nIw Xcn-Ibpw thWw. \nbw
382
JpB\ns Bmhv
Amlp Zm\-Zm-bIv X-Xmb {]Xn-êw \Ip-a-tm.
89.
bqkp^v tNmZn-p: \n Ahn-th-In-I-fm-bn-cp--tm bqkp-^nt\mSpw Ahs ktlm-Z-c-t\mSpw \n Fsm-amWv sNbvX-sXv

\nv Adn-bmtam?
90.
Ah tNmZnp: Av Xs-bm-tWm bq-kp^v? bqkp^v ]d-p: AsX

Rm\mWv bqkp-^v, CXv Fs ktlm-Zc
- \
- pw. \nbw Amlp Rsf
A\p-{K-ln-n-cn-p-p. \nbw GsXm-cp-h kqvaX ]menp-Ibpw
a ssIsIm-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm-A-tm \nbw Amlp,
Ahs\ IpsImv NcnphcpsS {]Xn-êw ]mgmnf-bp-Ibn- Xs.
91.
Ah ]d-p: Am-lp-hmWv kXyw, Xo-bmbpw Amlp Rfn

Xmv ss]XrIw \In-bn-cn-p-p. \nbw R sXp-Im
Xs-bm-bn-cp-p.
"Rfn Xmv ss]XrIw \In-bn-cn-p-p' Fv ]d--Xns

hnh; ]nXm-a-lam-cmb C_vdmlow, Ckvlm-Jv, bAv-Jq_v Fn-h-cpsS ]mccyw \psS CSbnbn bqkp-^n\mWv \In-bn-p-Xv FmWv.
92.
bqkp^v ]d-p: Ct Zn-hkw \n-fpsS ta {]Xn-Imcsamp-an-.

Amlp \nv s]mdp-p-X-c-s. Ah IcpW sNp--h-cn
Gw Icp-W sNp--h\pamIpp.
{]hm-N-Iam Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn \ne-sIm-p--h-cm-sW-ncn-s, Ahv BtcmSpw Hcp hntcm-[hpw {]Xn-Im-chpw Dm-hp-I-bn-. \bpw
Xn-bp-a-Sw Fm- Im-cy-fpw {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Am-lp-hn \np--XmsWv a\-m-h
- m-Nm-I
- aWm AwKo-Ic
- n-p-h
- c
- m-Wh
- . Xs Cu m\-e
- npw
ktlm-Z-c--fpsS Cu A[x-]-X-\-n\pw ImcWw Am-lp-hm-sW-n-cns "Ct
Zn-hkw \n-fpsS ta {]Xn-Imcsamp-an-. Amlp \nv s]mdp-p-X-c-s'
FmWv bqkp^v \_n ]dbp--Xv. CtX kao-]\w XsbmWv apl-Zv \_n
am hnP-b-\m-fn apivcnv t\Xm--tfmSv ssIsm--Xpw. CtX kao-]\w XsbmWv hnizm-kn-Ifpw ssIsIm-t--sXv kqd: A-kz-dneqsS hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv
Amlp I]n-n-p--Xv. Amlphns klm-bw hcn-Ibpw al-mb hnPbw
e`n-p-Ibpw, P\- Iqw Iq-ambn Am-lp-hns Zo\n {]th-in-p-Ibpw
sNpXv Im \o \ns \mYs\ kvXpXn-pIbpw hmgvp-Ibpw, Ah-t\mSv
s]mdpens\ tXSp-Ibpw sNp-I. AYhm \ns {]h-\-ns Ipd-hp-sImmWv am hnPbw Xma-kn-p-t]m-b-sX-n AXn\v s]mdp--ens\ tXSpI
Fw. Fm Cv Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n \nv t]mb apkvenw P\X
Ahv h hnP-bhpw e`n-p-I-bm-sW-n ap{Zm-hmIyw hnfnpw, {]I-S-\w \S-
bqkp^v (12)
383
nbpw, a[p-c-]-e-lm-c- hnX-cWw sNbvXpw, FXn-cm-fn-Isf sXdn- hn-fnpw,

Ah-cpsS hoSp-I, m]-\- Fn-hbvv t\sc Is-dnpw, òj-Wn-s-Spn-bp-amWv hnPbw BtLm-jn-p--sXv ImWmw. Ah-km-\-Im-ev \n
PqX--ss{I-kvX-hsc NmWn\pNmWmbpw apg-n\papg-ambpw ]n]-p-sav \_n]Tnn-Xv F{X-am{Xw ]pen-cn-pp Fv Jp-B-\ns Bibw DIm-gvm-Zm-bIambn D]-tbm--s-Sp-p--hv a\-n-em-mw. I{]hm-N-I\mbn hcp akolp-Z-m-ens sIWn-bn s]Sp Ch, Cukm \_n hm h[n--s-Sm
hn[n--s--h-cmWv Fn-cns, alm-m- hn[n Znhkw Ch-scmcp sI- P-\Xbmbn-cpp Fv A\ybw t_m[n-n-p Ch-cn \nv asv \ {]Xo-nm\mWv?! ^mnl: 1, Xu_: 123-125 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
kzK-n \nv `qan-bn-tev Ab--tm Xs I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf hnizmkn-Iv i{Xp--fm-bn-sm-mWv Ab-n-p--Xv. ap\m-^n-Jq: 4, I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-fmWv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS i{Xp--sf-pw, Ahsc kqn--W-sa-pw, Ah-tcmSv
Jp-B sImv PnlmZv sN-Wsapw, Ahsc shdp--W-sapw I]n-n-pv.
Xu_: 73 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
93.
\n Fs Cu Ipm-bhpwsImv t]mhp-I, As\ AXv Fs

]nXm-hns apJ-n-SpIbpw sNp-I. Atm At-l-n\v ImgvN
hop-In-pXmWv. \n-fpsS IpSpw-_mw-K-sf apgp-h\pw \n
Fs ASp--tev sImp-h-cn-Ibpw sNp-hn.
94.
Cu bm{Xm k
- wLw ankv hn-tm AhcpsS ]nXmhv ]d-p: \n
Fs {]mbm-[n-Iy-m _pn-{`-an-h
- s
- \v Ip-s-Sp-p-Ib
- n-s-n
Rm ]d-b-s, bqkp-^ns hmk\ \nbw F\nv A\p-`-hsSppv.
bqkp^pw bqkp-^ns Ipmbhpsamw AXn\p app-Xs CuPn-]vXn

Dm-bn-cp-s-nepw ]nXm-hn\v AXns hmk-\-sbmpw e`n-n-cp-n. Fm
Amlphns \nt-i-{]-Imcw bqkp^v ktlm-Z-cam-cpsS ] Xm apv D-]tbm-Kn-n-cp- Ipmbw sImSp--b-p-tm-gmWv ssaep-I-tfmfw AI-te-bp bAvJp_v \_nv bqkp-^ns hmk\ A\p-`-h-s-Sp-Xv. AYhm Amlp Imcy-ImcW _--Xo-X-\mbn {]hn-p--h-\mWv Fv Cu kw`hw hnizm-knIsf Hman-n-p-I-bm-Wv. hnizm-kn-I-f-m--h AXv bAv-Jq_v \_n-bpsS Ign-hmbn-mWv ]cn-K-Wn-p-I. dAvZv: 38, C_vdm-low: 11, apAvan: 78 XpS-nb kq-fn Hcp {]hm-N-I\pw Am-lp-hns thp-I Iq-SmsX Hcp Znhym-pXw sImph-cm km[y-a-sv ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 72-73, 260 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
95.
Ah ]d-p: Am-lp-hmWv kXyw, \nbw Xm XmfpsS B

]gb hgn-tI-Sn Xs-bm-Ip-p.
384
JpB\ns Bmhv
bqkp^v \_n HgnsI IpSpw-_-nse amcpw Xs X-fpsS ]nXm-hns

bYm- m\w a\-n-em-n-bn-cp-n- Fv Ah-cpsS Cu adp-]-Sn-bn \nv a\n-emmw. "aps apv aW-an' F kao-]-\-am-bn-cpp Ah At-l-tmSv
ssIsm-ncp-X
- v. Cl-]c hnPbw e`n-p-X
- n-\p-thn {]hm-NI
- ampw hnizmkn-Ipw Ccw ]co-W
-
- s
- fmw Xc-Ww s
- Nt-Xp-sv Jp-B DImgvm-Zm-b-Iambn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-bm ImWm-hp--Xm-Wv. amCZ: 67, lqZv: 3839,
lnPv: 95 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
96.
As\ ktm-j- hm-bp-ambn h-h Ipmbw apJ-n--tm

bAvJq_v ImgvN-bp--h-\mbn amdn. Atlw tNmZnp: Rm \ntfmSv ]d-n-cp-nt, \nbw Rm Am-lp-hn\nv \n Adnbm Nne-sXms Adn-bp-p-s-v?
97.
Ah-scmw ]d-p: Hm R-fpsS ]nXm-th, Av R-fpsS sXpI

Rv s]mdp-p-In-p--Xn-\p-thn {]mn-p-I. Xo-bmbpw
R sXp-Im Xs-bm-bn-cp-p.
98. Atlw ]dp: \npthn Fs \mY-t\mSv Rm s]mdp-ens\tSp-I Xs sNpw. \nbw Ah Gsd s]mdp-p-- IcpWm-hm-cn-[n XsbmWv.
An-km-Av: 63, Xu_: 113 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
99. As\ Ah- s c- m- h cpw bqkp- ^ ns ASpv {]th- i n- - t m
bqkp^v Xs amXm-]n-Xm-sf Xntev AW-p-sImv ]d-bpIbpw sNbvXp: \n CuPn-]vXn {]th-in-phn. Amlp Dtin-m \nnhnsS imn-tbmSpw kam-[m-\-tmSpw IqSn Xmakn-mw.
100. Atlw Xs amXm-]n-Xm-sf knwlm-k-\-n BZ-cn-n-cp-n.
Ah Fm-hcpw At-l-ns apn kpPqZv sNbvXp. Atlw
]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp: Hm ]nXm-th, Fs aps lrZ-bw- sIm-p
ImgvN ]pe-Xm-Wn-Xv. Fs \mY AXv bmYmy-amn. Pbnen\nv Fs tamNn-n--tmgpw, Fsbpw Fs ktlm-Zc--fpsSbpanS-bn ssizm `nn-p-m-n-b- tijw acp-`qan Xmn
\nsf sImp-h--tm-gpw Xo-bmbpw Ah FtmSv Ghpw
\- \n-e-bn HuZmcyw ImWn-n-pv. \nbw Fs \mY Ah-\pt-in-p-htcmSv IcpW Imp--h Xs-bmWv. \nbw Ah
k--\mb bpn-\pamWv.
Ah Fm-hcpw bqkp-^ns apn kpPqZv sNbvXp Fp-]-d--Xns
bqkp^v (12)
385
hnh-; \a-kvIm-c-n ]d kmjvSmwK {]Wm-a-a-. _Jd: 58-, Ckvdm-Cu
k-Xn-It- fmSv B \mSns ê-kvXo\n-s Ihm-S
-
- kpPq-Zn-embnsmv {]thin-pI Fp-]-d-m apJw Ipn-smtm As-n \pg-p- I-b-dpItbm
Fsm-p-a
- , adnv "Amlv' F kvac-Wt- bm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw, {]m-\t- bmSpIqSnbpw,
imn-tbmSpw kam-[m-\-tmSpw IqSnbpw B \mp-Imv KpW-Imw--bp--h-cmsWhw hn\o-Xcmbn {]th-in-pI Fm-Wv. _Jd: 58- hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
ChnsS, bqkp^v \_n-tbmSv BZ-ckqNI-ambn s]cp-amdpI-bpw, bqkp^v \_n-bpsS
{]hm-NI
- Xzw AwKoIcnv Am-lp-hn PohnXw kan-h
- c
- mbn amdp-Ibpw sNbvXp
Fm-Wv Ah kpPqZv sNbvXp Fp]dXns hnh-. apIv: 22-, JpB Inn-b-h apJw Ipn \S-p--hsctmse-bm-I-cp-Xv, Xe-bp-bn-sImv
\SWw Fv -]-d-Xpt]mses-bmWv ChnsS kpPqZv sNbvXp Fp-]d-Xpw. AXm-bXv Ah bqkp^v \_n-bpsS am\yX AwKo-I-cnv At-l-ns
am\y-amb PohnXw ]np-Scm Xm-dmbn FmWv. Ben-Cw-dm: 79, bqkp^v: 45
t\mpI.
101. Fs \mYm, \nbw F\nv \o cmPm-[n-]Xyn \nv \IpIbpw
Imcy--fpsS bXm hymJym-\--fn \nv Fs ]Tnnp-Ibpw
sNbvXn-cn-p-p. BIm-i-`q-an-Isf hncn-n-p-m-n-b-h-t\, \obmWv
Cl-nepw ]cnepw Fs cm-[n-Im-cn. Fs \o acn-np-tm
kkzw \n\v kan h\mbn acn-n-t-W-ta. Fs k-\-tfmsSmw tNp-Ibpw sNt-W-ta.
temIv ampw e`n-m cmPm-[n-]-Xyhpw {]uVnbpw {]Xm]hpw e`n
kpsse-am \_n-bpsS Ncybpw C{]-Imcw Xs-bm-bn-cp-p. GI-tZiw 1500 Intemao- AI-se-bp _okv cmnbpsS knwlm-k\w, At-l-ns Z_m-dnep thZ-{K]cn-m-\n-bmb Hcp hnizmkn Iv Ca-sh-p ka-b-t-m
thK-n Fn-t- m kpsse-am \_n ]d-bp-Ib
- mWv: "CXv Fsbpw \nsbpw
Ign-h-, adnv Fs \mY Fs ]co-n-p-Xn-\p-th-n--Rm \n {]I-Sn-np--h-\m-Iptam AtXm \n-sI--h-\m-IptamDm-n-b-Xm-Wv'. Atm Bscnepw \n -{]-I-Sn-n-p-s-n AXv Ah-\p-thn Xs-bm-Wv, Bsc-nepw
\n-tISv ImWn-pp-sh-n \nbw Fs \mY am\y-\mb sFiz-cy-hm
Xs-bm-Ip-p(\wev: 40). \wev: 19-, kpsse-am \_n-bpsS {]m\ Cs\
ImWmw: "Fs \mYm, F\npw Fs amXm-]n-Xm-pw \o sNbvXp Xn-p
\ns A\p-{Kl-n\v \n ImWn-m\pw, \o Xr]vXn-s-Sp kIw sNm\pw
Fs \o \nb-{np \nt-W-ta, \ns al-mb Imcp-Wyw sImv Fs
\ns k-\-fmb ASn-a-I-fn {]th-innp-Ibpw sNt-W-ta'. \m]Xv
hbn\v apI-fn-ep hnizm-kn-I-fpsS {]m\: "Fs \mYm, F\npw Fs
amXm-]n-Xm-pw \o sNbvXp Xnp \ns A\p-{Kl-n\v \n ImWnm\pw, \o Xr]vXn-s-Sp kIw sNm\pw Fs \o \nb{np \ntW-ta, Fs kXnI-fpsS {]h-\-sf \o \m-n-op-Ibpw sNt-W-
386
JpB\ns Bmhv
ta, \nbw Rm \nn-tev tJZnp-a-S-n-bn-cn-p-p, \nbw Rm kkzw

\n\v kan--s--h-cn-ep-amIpp' FmsWv AlvJm^v: 15 ImWm-hp-XmWv. hnizm-kn-I A\p-{Klw Inp-tmdpw Amlphn-tev IqSp-X IqSp-X
ASp--W-sa-mWv CsXmw ]Tn-n-p--Xv. ^mnl: 6, Ben-Cw-dm: 102, 159,
Xu_: 73, 80, bqkp^v: 92 t\mp-I.
102. AsXmw \mw \n\v Znhy-k-t-i-ambn \Ip AZr-iy- hr-m--fn s]-Xm-Ip-p. bqkp-^ns ktlm-Z-cam Hp-IqSn KqVmtem-N\ \S-n-b-tm \o Ahn-sS-bp-m-bn-cp-n-tm.
Jp-B Am-lp-hns hN-\a
- m-sW-pw, AXn hnh-cn-p Imcy-s
- fmw
{XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Hcp-h-s hmp-I-f-msXb Fpw \_nsbbpw hnizm-knI-sfbpw DWp-I-bm-Wv. ^mXzn: 14- Amlp ]d-bp-p: Hcp {XnIm-e-m-\nb-msX CXp-t]m-ep Hcp hrmw \ns Adn-bn-p-I-bn-. Fm hniz-knm Iqmm \ntj-[n-I, Cu Jp-B ]qn-I-cpsS ]gpcm-W-fmsX
asm-pa Fm-Wv ]d-bp-I. AXv Ahscsmv ]d-bn-n-p-Xv ]nim-NmWv
Xm\pw. AXp-sIm-mWv \msf ]c-tem-Iv Ah ssI I-Sn-p-sImv ]d-bp--Xv:
Hm Rm Cm-en--hs\ B-an-{X-ambn kzoI-cn-npmbn-cp-n-s-n F{X
\m-bn-cp-t-s\, Ah-\m-Wtm F\nv Jp-B\ns Bibw hp-In-n-b-Xn-\ptijw AXn\nv Fs XS--Xv, ]nimNv a\p-jy\v alm-h--I-\m-bncn-p-p
Fv. ]nimNv JpB\ns Bi-b-n \nmWv XS-bpIsbv Ah Xncn-dn-bpw. A-Bw: 25, Xu_: 23-24, lqZv: 100 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
103. \o F{X {ian-mepw P\-f
- n A[n-It- ]cpw hniz-kn-p-Ib
- n- Xs.
Fv sXfnhv Ah-cpsS apn Ah-X-cn-n-m-epw, acn--h Xs aS-n
hv, Rm \c-In \nmWv hcp--Xv, AXp-sImv \o Cu amKw ]n]-cpXv Fp]d-mt]mepw Ah hniz-kn-p-I-bn-. ImcWw Ah ap[m-c-Wbn-em-Wv. Jp-B\ns samw Bibw tImt\m hmbn-m-t\m, As\ JpBs\ kzK-n-tev \bn-p kamK-ambpw kzKntep Sn-mbpw
]cn-K-Wn-mt\m Ah Xm-dn-. A-Bw: 111, 125-126, bq\p-kv: 99-100 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I. \_n ]Tn-np: \n Jp-B\ns\ aps \S-p-I, AXns
]nmse t]mhp-I. Fm AXv \nsf h- -e-tv Xs \bn-pw.
\n Jp-B\ns\ ]nn-em-n-bm AXv \nsf \c-I-n-tev Xn-hn-Sp-IXs sNpw.
104. \o Ah-tcmSv CXn\v Hcp {]Xn-^-ehpw tNmZn-p-n-. \nbw CXv
k-tem-Ipap Hcp D-WemsX asmpa.
^pJm: 57- Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm I]n-p-p: Cu Jp-B
\nv Fnv Xcp--Xn\v Rm \n-tfmSv Hcp {]Xn-^-ehpw tNmZn-p-n-.
bqkp^v (12)
387
BcmtWm Xs \mY-\n-tev hgn At\z-jn-m-\p-t-in-p-X
- v AsXm-gn-sI. AYhm
Cu Jp-B Sn-mbn D]-tbm-Knv(Ckm: 29) {km-hn-tev Fn-tv
Ah-ch-cpsS ]Xn-\v hb-n-\pti-ja
- p Pohn-Xns Hmtcm \nan-jspdnpw
H-sm-
- mbn Dcw ]d-bm Xm-dm-hp-I Fv ]Tn-n-m-\mWv apl-Zv \_nsb
\ntbm-Kn--s-n-p--Xv. lqZv: 51, 123 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
105. B-Im-i--fnepw `qan-bnepw F{X-sb{X ZrjvSm---fm-Wp--Xv.
Fm Ah Ahsb AhK-Wn-psImv Ahbn-eqsS IS-p-t]mIphcm-Ip-p.
AAvdm^v: 179, 185, A^m: 22, bq\p-kv: 92 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
106. Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm- h-Im-i
- f
- n CX-camsc ]p-tNp-sIm-msX Ah-cn A[nI-t]cpw Am-lp-hns\smv hniz-kn-pIbnXs.
a\p-jy-cn A[n-I-t]cpw Am-lp-hn ambw tNn-mWv hniz-kn-p--Xv,
A-msX samw JpB kan-p hn[w hniz-kn-p-n-. {]m-\-pcw e`n-m _Jd: 186-, D-bn cp-]m-[n-I-fn Hv, Am-lp-hns\ JpB kan-phn[w hniz-knv hnizm-kn-bm-hp-I Fpw cmatXv JpB\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-I ]n]-pI Fpam-Wv. hnizm-kn-I hnhn[ kwL-S-\I-fmbn \nmsX Jp-Bs\ apdp-sI-n-Snv BZw apX Ay-\m hsc-bp
P\-Xv Am-lp Xr]vXn-s GIkwLn(ap-Pm-Zne: 22, amCZ: 56) tNcp-I-bmWv sNt--Xv. Amlphns kwL-am hnhn[ kwL-S-\-I-sfmw apivcnpIfpw ]nim-Nns kwL-n s]-h-cp-am-sWv _Jd: 135, 137, 176, Ben-Cw-dm:
103, An-kmAv: 118, apPm-Zne: 19 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ImWp-I. Xu_: 3233 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
107. Am-lp-hns in-bn \np Hcp hnlnXw Ahsc aqSp-I-bnstm As-n Ah Xncn--dnbm Ah--bn s]sv B
Ay\nanjw Ahv hs-p-I-bn-stm Ah \n`-b-cm-bn-cnp-I-bmtWm?
epJvam: 3334 Amlp ]d-bp-p: \nbw Am-lp-hns hmKvZw kXyam-Wv. Atm ùXn-I-Po-hnXw \nsf hn--cp-Xv, Am-lp-hns Imcy-n
B alm-h
- I
- \
- mb ]nimNpw \nsf hn-c
- p-Xv. \nbw Ay-\n-an-jspdnpw, ag hjn-p--Xns\pdn-pw, K`-]m-{X-n Fm-Wp--sX--Xns\pdnp-ap Adn-hp-Xv Am-lp-hns ]-emWv. Hcmpw \msf FmWv kmZn-pI Fv Adn-bp-I-bn-. Hcmpw GXv `qan-bn-emWv acn-pI Fpw Adn-bpI-bn-. \nbw Amlp k-m-\n-bpw Fmw hebwsNbvX {XnIm-e-m-\nbp-a-tm. a\p-jy Bcm-sWpw `qan-bn Ah-cpsS \ntbm-K-eyw Fm-sWpw
388
JpB\ns Bmhv
]Tn-n-p-Xv Jp-B-\ns lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn-ep Bi-b-amWv. An-km-Av:

174-175 a\p-jysc hnfnv Amlp ]d-bp-p: \nv \n--fpsS \mY-\n
\np sXfnhpw hy-amb {]Im-ihpw hp-In-n. Atm AXns\ apdp-sInSn-h kamKn-em-bn Fv. AAvdm^v: 97-99, Xu_: 115, bqkp^v: 24 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
108. ]d-bp-I: CXm-Ipp Fs amKw. Rm \nsf hnfn-p-Xv Amlp-hn-te-m-Wv. Rm\pw Fs ]n]-p--hcpw Hcp ImgvN
-- mSn-em-Wp-Xv. Amlp Ghpw ]cn-ip--\m-Ip-p. Rm Am-lp-hns A[nIm-c-mh-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp-h-cn s]-h-\p-a-.
AAvdm^v: 203 \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm I]n-p-p: \nbw Rm ]n]-pXv F\nv Fs \mY-\n \npw e`n- Znhy-k-t-i-am-Ip-p. AXv \nv
\n-fpsS \mY-\n \np Dm-gvN-Zm-b-Ihp-am-Ip-p. hnizm-kn-I-fmb Hcp P\XXv kamKhpw Imcp-Wy-hp-am-Ip-p.
Amlp ]cn-ip--\mWv Fp-]-d-m, Ah-\n-tev tN-s-Sp Imcy-fn \nsmw Ah ]cn-ip--\m-Wv Fm-Wv. hnhn[ kwL-S-\-I-sfmpw
Ckveman-en-, BsI Hcp kwL-am-Wp--Xv. BZw \_n apX Ay-\mhscbp P\-v Ah Xr]vXn-s HcpkwLw. Ah-\ntev ASp-n-p ip]mi
sNp CS-bm-famtcm, ip]mi-mtcm Hpw th-Xn-m hn[-n Ah
Fm Zu_-ey--fn \npw ]cn-ip--\m-Wv. AXp-t]mse Ah\v ]m-fn-Isf
P]n-tXnm- hn[w Fm Ip--fn \npw Ipd-hp-I-fn \npw Ah
hnap--\p-am-Wv. BenCw-dm: 19, 85, A-Bw: 88, 104, 106-107, bq\p-kv: 104-106 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I. ^pkzn-e-v: 34 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Jp-B kan-p
Am-lp-hn-tev hnfn-p--h-t\-m Ghpw \- hmv ]d-bp--h am-cpv?
Ah kI- {]hnp--h-\pw, Rm kkzw Amlp-hn\v ka]n-h-\mWv Fv ]d-bp--h-\p-am-Wv. bYmn hnfnl AYhm BcntemtWm a\pjysc hnfn-tXv AXv Am-lp-hntev am{Xam-sWv dAvZv:
14-epw ]d-n-p-v. lqZv: 62 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
109. X-fpsS \mp-Im-cn \np ]pcp-jamscb-msX, \mw Ahv
Znhy-k-tiw \In-smv \n\v apv {]hm-N-Iam-cmbn Ab-npan- . Atm Ah `qan- b n k- c n- pIbpw Ahv
apphcpsS ]cy-h-km\w F-s\-bm-bn-cp-sv t\mn-m-WpIbpw sNbvXn-n-t? Am-lp-hns\ `b-sp Pohn-phv Ghpw
D-a-am-bn-p-Xv ]c-temI `h\w Xs-bm-Ip-p. Atm \n
_pn-bp-]-tbmKnv Nnn-p-nt?
kPZ: 26- Amlp tNmZn-p-p: \mw Ahpapv F{X-sb{X \mp-Imsc-bmWv \in-n-n-p--Xv! Ah-cpsS hmk--e--fn-eq-sS-bm-Wtm Ch \S-p-
bqkp^v (12)
389
t]m-Ip--Xv! Atm Ah-v AXn\nv bmsXmcp amK-Zi\hpw e`n-pnt? \nbw AXn [mcmfw ]mT--fp-v. Atm Ah {inv tIpnt? _Jd: 44, A-Bw: 32, bq\pkv: 101-103 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
110. As\ {]hm-N-Iam \ncm-i-s-Sp-I-bpw, \nbw Ah If-hm-s-n-cn-pp Fv t_m[yw hcn-Ibpw sNbvXt- m \psS klmbw
Ahv hcn-I-bpw, \mw Dt-in-p-hsc \mw c-s-Sp-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. {`mam-cmb Hcp P\-Xsbsmv \psS ZWvU\w Xncnp-hn-Sm km[y-aXs.
{]hmNIamcpsS {]t_m-[\w C\n Hcmfpw sNhn-sIm-p-I-tbm, hnizmkw
kzoI-cn-pItbm Csv Ahv t_m[ywhcnI-bpw, Ahv {]t_m-[\w sNm\p Ah-kcw hsc XSbpIbpw sNp Ah--bn Ah P\-pw
Ahp-an-S-bn Xocp-am\w I]n-m thn Am-lphn-t\mSv {]mn-p-Ibpw, As\ {]hm-N-Iam-scbpw hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw Amlp c-s-Sp-pI-bpw,
\ntj-[n-Isf inn-p-I-bp-amWv ]qnI Ime--fn kw`-hnn-p--Xv. bq\p-kv:
102-103, lqZv: 116-119 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Jp-B\ns Bi-bn\nv AIv {]hm-N-Is\ kaq-l-a-[y-n If-hmn Nn{Xo-I-cn-p sIm-p `qcn-]
apkvenwI-fpsS Ctm-gs Ah hopw CcpfpXpw, As\ ako-lp--m
hv Ckvemans\ ]q-ambpw ambvp-I-f-bp--Xp-am-Wv. tijw Cukm \_n hv
ssl-hpw ss{IkvXhpw Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-n-p-sIm-Spv aplZv \_nsb ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-t hn[w ]cn-NbsSppIbpw, \ntj-[s ambvpIfv temIv samw Ckvemw \S-n hcp-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. JpB\ns samw Bi- b - n Am- l p- h n- s {]Xn- \ n- [ n- b mbn Pohn- p
Hcmfpanm Ah--bn a\p-jy-cpsS Ic--fm Xs temIw Ah-km-\n-pIbpw sNpw. {`mam Bcm-sWv A-Bw: 55, AAvdm^v: 40, bq\p-kv: 17
kqfpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-n \nv a\-n-em-p-I.
111. \n- b w, AhcpsS kw`h Ncn- { Xfn _pnIqa- X bpHmtcmpw KpW]mT-ap-v. Cu h-am\-sfmpw sIn--ap-m-n-b-Xp-a-. Fm CXn\v apv Ah-X-cn-n-n-p {Ks
kXy-S- p-p-X
- pw, Fm Imcy-fpw hni-Zo-Ic
- nXpw, kXy-hn-izmkw
kzoI-cn P\-Xv kamKhpw Imcp-Wy-hp-am-Ip-p AXv.
Ah-cpsS kw`-h- Ncn-{X F-Xp-sIm-p-t-in-p--Xv, bqkp^v \_n-bpsSbpw ktlm-Z-camcp-sSbpw kw`-h Ncn-{X- am{X-a-, Jp-B hni-Zo-I-cnp ]qnI Imev Pohn-p-t]m-b- apgp-h P\--fp-sSbpw kw`-h Ncn-{X-fmWv. Ah-cpsS ]cyhkm\-n\nv, _pnbpw Xs-Shpap--hv KpW-]m-T-fp-v. Am-lp-hns hN-\-amb JpB Bcpw sIn--a-p-m-p--X-. Ankm-Av: 87, amCZ: 48 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. a\p-jys amK-Zi-\-n\v Bh-
390
JpB\ns Bmhv
iy-amb Fm hnh-cW-fpw hni-Zo-Ic

- n-n-pXpw, {kmhn\n-v krn-Ip
apJ-]{- X-hpamWXv. A-Bw: 38, AAvdm^v: 52, 203, bq\pkv: 57-58, lqZv: 120 t\mpI.
Am-lp-th, Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv \ns amK-n Ncn--h-cpsS
amKw a\-n-emn ]np-S-cm-\pw, B kXy-hmam- {]Xn-k-n-Isf t\cn-Xv
GsXmcp hnizmkw ap\nnsmm-tWm, B hnizm-k-n R-fpsS PohnX-taJ-e-Ifn Rsf ASnbpdnv \np-I-bpw, Ah-cpsS kw`-h-fn\nv
hnizm-k-ZmVyw kzoI-cnv am-ep--fmbn sscyambn \ne-sIm-m Rsf
A\p-{K-ln-p-Ibpw sNt-W-ta. Fmw hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p Jp-B\ns Bi-bn\nv R-fpsS Cl-]cPohnX hnP-b-n-\p-th Fm amK\ntZ-i-fpw
kzoIcnv Jp-B Rv A\p-Iq-e-ambn hmZn-p-I-bpw, kmn \np-Ibpw
sNp hn[-n AXns\ ]n]-m Rsf A\p-{K-ln-t-W-ta. AmsX
AXns\ Ah-K-Wnv, aqSn-shv RsXncmbn kmn\np-I-bpw, hmZn-pIbpw sNp hn[-n AXns\ Xn--d-bp \ntj-[n-I-fn-epw, A{I-an-I-fnepw
[nm-cn-If
- nepw Rsf \o Ds-Sp-t \mYm, \o IcpW sNp-hc
- n Ghpw
\mbn IcpW sNp--h-\-tm.
AdAvZv(13)
391
13. Ad-AvZv
]Xn-aqmw kq-nse "Ad-AvZv' --C-Sn-\m-Zw F ]Z-n \nmWv
kqd-n\v t]cv hnp-Xv. FXn-cm-fnI \_nsb A]-Ion-s-Sp-m- hnhn[
Xc-n-ep IpX-{- {]tbm-Kn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-I-bm-bn-cpp. hnizm-kn-I-fm-hs, GsX-nepw Znhym-p-X- ImWn-p-sIm-s-nepw P\--sf t\amK-ntev \bn--W-sav AXn-bmbn B{K-ln-p. acn--h ivaim-\--fn\nv Fgptphv Ah-tcmSv kwkm-cn-m t]mepw Ah hniz-kn-p-I-bn- Fv \ntj[n-I-sf-p-dnv ]d--Xn\npw \_n-bpsS am Pohn-X-ns Ah-km-\-L-n-emWv Cu kqdv Ah-X-cn--sXv a\-nem-mw.
BIm-i`- p-an-If
- nepw Ah-bn-ep k hkvXp-f
- n \npw bmsXmcp ]mThpw
]Tn- msX \v ] Icw Xnv t hn [rXnIqp- - \ntj- [ n- I - f psS Ncy
PohnXeyw a\-n-em-nb hnizm-kn-I ]np-S-c-cpsXv ]Tn-n-p-p. \cIhpw kzK-hp-samw Hmtcm-cp-cpw ]Wn-tb--Xm-sWpw \njv]--hm-\mb
Amlp Hcm-sfbpw Ah kzbwammsX kzK-n-tetm \c-I
- n-tetm BpI-bn-spw ]Tn-n-p-p. 15-mw kq-n "Xnem-h-ns kpPqZv' hn-pv.
Ah\v \-\n-ev adp-]Sn \Ip--hv \-bp-s-pw, adp-]Sn \Im--hv
`qan-bn-ep kkzw e`nv AXv hnNm-cW\mfnse inv ]Icw \In cs-Sm-sav Icp-Xn-bm km[n-p-I-bn-spw ]Tn-n-pp. Jp-B hp-In-n-bXn\v tijw \_ntbm hnizm-kn-Itfm P\--fpsS CjvSm-\n-jvS- ]n]-p-I-bmsW-n Am-lp-hn\nv Ahsmcp klm-bnbpw Dm-bn-cn-p-I-bn-spw,
Hcp {]hm-N-I\pw Am-lp-hns thpIIqSmsX Hcp Znhym-pXw sImp-h-cm
km[y-a- Fpw ]Tn-n-p-p. \o {]hm-N-I-s\m-p-a-sv ]d-bp \ntj-[n-ItfmSv
F\npw \np-an-S-bn Am-lp-hpw, Cu {Khpw kmn-bmbnp aXn Fp]-d-bm I]np-sImv 43- kq-fS-nb kqdv Ah-km-\n-p-p.
1.
Aen-^v--emw--aow--dm-. CsXmw thZ-{K--nse kq--fmIpp.\ns \mY-\n\nv \n\v Ah-Xcn-s--sXtm AXv kXy-amIpp. ]t A[nIP\-fpw hniz-kn-p-h-c- Xs.
lJv Jp-B-\m-sWv bq\p-kv: 108 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ]d-n-pv. Ankm-Av: 118, bqkp-^v: 103- hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
2.
\n ImWp XqWp-If
- n-msX BIm-i
- sf Dbn-bh
- \
- m-Ipp
392
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Amlp. ]ns Ah knwlm-k-\-n D]-hn-jvS\m-bn. kqcy-N{amsc Ah hyh-m- hnt[b-am-n-bn-cn-p-p. Fm Hpw \nbn- - s - n- p Hcp Ah[nhsc Nen- p- s Im- ncn- p- p. Imcysfmw Ah\mWv \nb-{n-p-Xv. \n \n-fpsS \mYs\ Ipap-p-sav ZrV-t_m-[y-ap--h-cmIp-Xn\pthn Ah kq-
hni-Zo-I-cnv Xcn-I-bm-Ip-p.
epJvam: 10, BIm-i

- sf Ah \n ImWp XqWp-If
- n-msX krnp. `qan \n-sfbpwsImv Nmp-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-m AXn ]-X- \mpIbpw sNbvXp. AXn Fm-Xcw Poh-Pm-e-sfbpw ]c-n-bn-Sp-I-bpw, BIm-ip-\nv \mw sh-an-d-p-I-bpw, B shw-sImv Fm-Xcw al-camb kky- s fbpw tPmUn- I - f mbn apf- n- p- I bpw sNbv X p Fpw, 11- , CsXmw
Amlphns krn-m-Wv, Atm Ah-s\-q-Sm-sX-bp--h-cpsS krnv \n
F\n-smv ImWn-p-X-cn-I. A; Cu A{I-an-I hy-amb hgn-tI-Sn Xsbm-Ip-p Fp-w ]-d-n-p-v. _Jd: 29, AAvdm^v: 54 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Amlp knwlm-k-\-n D]-hn--\mbn Fv Jp-B-\n hnhn[ e--fn
]-d--Xns hnh, Amlp Cu {]]-s krn-pI am{X-a sNbvX-Xv,
adnv Ah Cu {]]-s `cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p Fm-Wv. Fm
Jp-B\ns A-sbpw C-sbpw A`n-kw-t_m-[-I CsXmpw \ntj-[np--h-cm-bn-cp-n-. Cm-cy--sfmw sNp-Xv Bscv tNmZn-m, Amlp
Xs Fv Ah adp-]Sn ]d-bp-p. Fm Cu {]m]-nI hyh--bp-sS-ta
]c-am-[n-Im-c-ap--h Xs-bmWv C_m-Zv sN-s-Sp-hm Al-\m-bn-p GI\mb Amlp Fv Ah AwKo-I-cn-pn- Fv am{Xw. AYhm Am-lp-hmWv
Fm krjvSn-I-fp-sSbpw DS-a-sbpw, Ah-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-cm-Ip-tm
am{X-amWv Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-If
- m-hpI Fpw Fm-Im-e
- p-ap \ntj-[n-I AwKoI-cn-n-cp-n-. Ah Pohn-X-n-s Nne `mK- Am-lp-hn-\pw, ap--h HpIn tZtl-v As-n Im-Im-c-W-hamv, As-n kwL-S\m t\Xmv, As-n ap alm-m-smw `mKnv sImSp-v Am-lp-hns
A[nIm-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp--h-cm-Wv. bqkp^v: 106 t\mpI.
Fmw Hcp \nnX Ah-[n-hsc Nen-p-sIm-n-cn-pp Fp-]-d--Xn
\npw BImi`qanIfpw Ah-n-S-bn-ep a\p-jy-c-S--ap k hkvXp-fpw
\nW-bn-n-p Ah[n Fn--gnm \in-p-t]m-hp-IXs sNpw FmWv.
Adlv a m: 26- 27 Amlp ]d- b pp: `qap- J p Fm- h cpw \inv
CmXmIpXmWv. al-XzapS-b-h\pw DZm-c-\p-amb \ns \mYs apJw am{Xw Ahti-jn-p--XmWv. Jkzkv: 88- Cem-lmb Am-lp-hns apJ-sam-gnsI Fm- hkvXp-fpw \mi-a-S-bpIXs sNp-sav ]d-n-p-v.
bmko: 81-, Ah tNmZn-p-p: BIm-i-`q-an-Isf krjvSn--h Chsc
tmep-h
- sb hopw krjvSn-p-hm Ign-hp-h
- \
- s-t- bm, A, Ah Fmcw
krjvSn-pw Fm krn-Isfpdnpw Adn-bp k-{k-mhv Xs-bm-Ip-p.
AdAvZv(13)
393
Jznbma: 36-40 kqfn Amlp tNmZn-p-p: Ahs\ shdp-sX-bv hnSpsav a\p-jy IWv Iqp-pthm? Ah sXdn-p-ho-gp Hcp C{n-b-p-n-bmbn-cp-nt? ]ns Ah Hcp c-]n-WvU-am-bn-cp-nt? Atm AXn\nv
Ahs\ krn-p, cq]-s-Sp-n. AXn\nv BWv, s]v Fn-s\ CW-Isf
Dm-n. A-s\bp-h acn--hsc hopw ]p\Po-hn-n-m Ign-hp--h\stbm Fv. Ckvdm-Av: 49-52 kq--fn, acnv Fpw ]pp-ambn--gn-m
hopw ]pXnb krjvSn-I-fmbn ]p\xkrjvSn--s-Sp-satm Fv kwibw ]qv
tNmZn-p--h-tcmSv ]d-bm \_n-tbmSv I]np-p: \n ]mdtbm As-n
Ccptm As-n \n-fpsS s\p-Iv hopw krjvSn--s-Sm {]bm-ksav tXmp at-sX-nepw hkvXp--tfm Bbnsmp-I, Fmepw hopw
krjvSn--s-Sp-w. Atm Ah Xe-bmn tNmZn-p-p: BcmWv Rsf hopw
Xncn-p-sIm-p-h-cn-I. Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-I: BZyw BcmtWm \nsf Cm-bva-bn
\nv hncn-n-p-m-nbXv, Ah Xs. Atm Ah Xe-bm-n-sImv tNmZnpw: Ftm-gm-WXv? \_ntb ]d-bp-I: AXv ASpv Xs Dm-tbmw. \nsf
hnfn--p B \mfn, \n \n-fpsS \mYs\ kvXpXn-p-sImv adp-]Sn \Ip-Xm-Wv. Av A]wImew am{X-a-msX \n Pohn-n-nm Fv \nv
tXmp-Ibpw sNp-Xm-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm: 190-192, AAvdm^v: 185, bq\pkv: 78, 11
kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
3.
`qansb \on-c
- n hnim-ea
- mn sh-Xpw, AXn BWnI-sf-tmWw
]-X Dd-n-Xpw, \Zn-I Hgp-n-bXpw Ah Xs-bm-Ip-p.
Ah XsbmWv kI-e^-e
- f
- psSbpw Cucv tPmUn-Is
- f krjvSn-Xpw. ]I-ens\ cmhn-\m aqSp-Xpw Ah Xs. \nbw BtemNnv {]Xn-^-ennp P\-X-v CXn [mcmfw ZrjvSm---fp-v.
"ê- ' Fp- ] - d - m, [m\y- fpw ]g- h K- fpw Ds]Spw.

Ahsbmw Xs ]cm-K-W-n-eqsS B_o-Phpw s]_o-Phpw IqSn-tmWv
Dm-Ip--Xv. Fmbn\w ê--fnepw tPmUn-I-fpv Fpw CXn\v Bi-b-ap-v.
_Jd: 25, ABw: 141 hni-ZoIcWw t\mpI.
Ccw Bibw hy-amb kq- Adn--ti-jhpw AXns\ Xn-d-bp P\-Xsb D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amwhcm \mb-tbm-SmWv AAvdm^v:
176- D]-an-n-p--Xv. Fm Cu hkvXp-X-sbmw Adn-nv \ntj-[nmep-
]c-tem-I-nse Ah An-km-Av: 42-s hni-Zo-I-c-Wn t\mp-I. Av
a\p-jy `qan-bnse ]nbpw ]nbpw Bbn-cp-s-n F{X \m-bn-cp-ts\ Fv
Bin-p-t]m-Ip cwKw \_-Av: 40- hnh-cn-n-pv. ImcWw `qan-bnse ]n-sbbpw
]n-sbbpw hnNm-c-W-p-tijw am-n-op-XmWv. a\pjys bYm
PohnXw Bcw-`n-p-Xv ac-W-tmSpIq-Sn-bm-Wv. AXmWv Nnmin \In-bnv
AXv D]-tbm-Kn-n-cp-nt Fv bmko: 62- Amlp tNmZn-p--Xv. \n-bambpw Btem-Nnv {]Xn-^-enn-p P\-Xv AXn [mcmfw Zrm---fpv
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
F Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv kpa: 42, Adqw: 21, Pmknb: 13 Fo kq-fpw
Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. \n-b-ambpw Btem-Nnv {]Xn-ênn-p P\-Xv AXn
Zrm--apv F Bi-b-n-emWv \lv: 11, 69 Fo kq- Ah-km-\n-p-Xv. _Jd: 44, 164, bq\pkv: 42-43, 45 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
394
4.
`qan-bn ]c-kv]cwtNv nXn sNp- shtsd JWvU--fp-v.

apn-cn-bmep tXm-pI-fp-v, hb-ep-I-fp-v. H-bmbpw Iq-ambpw
hf-cp Cu--\-I-fp-ap-v. Fm-w Htcshw sImm-Ipp \\sSp--Xv. Fm cpNn-bn \mw Nne-Xns\ Nne-Xn-t\m Gsd
hnin-jvS-am-n-bn-cn-p-p. \n-b-ambpw AXn _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knv
Nnn-p P\-Xv [mcmfw ]mT--fp-v.
{kmhns GI-Xzs hnfn--dn-bn-p- Hcp kq-am-WnXv. AXm-bXv

`qansb hnhn[ JWvU--fm-bn-mWv Ah krjvSn-n-cn-p--Xv. Ah ]c-kv]cw
tNv InS-p-I-bm-sW-nepw BIr-Xn-bn, \ndn, ]Zm--fpsS LS-\bn, ê-]p-n-bn, AXn\nv Inp [mXp--fnFm Hmtcm JWvUhpw
asm-n \nv XnIpw hyXy--am-Wv.
Cu--\-Ifn Hcp apc-Sn \nv HcpXSn am{X-ap-m-Ip--Xp-v, Htc apcSn \nv ctm AXne[n-Itam XSn-Ifp-m-Ip--Xp-ap-v. am{X-a-, Cu-\
am{Xw hf-cp tXm--fp-v, apncn-tm-p-I-fp-sSbpw apw AXn-cp-I-fn H-bmbn
hf-cp Cu-\Ifpap-v. `qan-bn apf-p-h-cp [m\y-pw ê-psamw Htcshw sImmWv \\-p--Xv. Fm Ah-bn-ep-m-Ip `-W-hn`-h hnhn[ LS-\-tbm-Spw cpNn-tbmSpw IqSn-bp--h-bm-Wv. ^mXzn: 27-28 kq-fn Amlp ]dbp-p: Amlp BmIm-iv \nv ag hjn-nv ]e-\n-d-nep ê- DXv]m-Zn-n-p-Xv \o ImWp-nt? ]-X--fn shfp-Xpw
Npa--Xpw, Idp-I-dp--Xp-amb hnh[ h--fn-ep--h-bpapv. a\p-jy-cnepw Pp-fnepw Ip-Im-en-I-fnepw AXp-t]mse ]e-\n-d-fnephbp-v. Ahs ASn-aI-fn Adn-hpm\n-I- am{Xta Ahs\ `b-s-Sp-p-q. \nbw Amlp
AP-\pw Gsd s]mdp-p--h\p-a-tm.
A^m: 63 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Am-lp-hmWv Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-sf
CW-n-b-Xv. \o `qan-bn-ep apgp-h hkvXp-fpw sNe-h-gn-n-cp-s-nepw AhcpsS lrZ-b-sf ]c-kv]cw CWm km[n-p-am-bn-cp-n-. Fm Amlp
Ahn-S-bn CW--ap-m-n. \nbw Ah AP-\pw bpn--\p-a-tm.
Ghpw henb A\p-{K-l-amb Jp-B\ns Bibn \nv Ahc-hsc Xncn-dnv, Am-lp-hns\ Is-p-Ibpw, Pohn-X-eyw a\-n-emn Amlp \nbn Bbpv imn-tbmSpw kam-[m-\-tmSpw IqSn ChnsS sNe-h-gnv kzKw
]Wn-Xv, ]WnX kzK-n-tev Xncn-p-t]m-I-epamWv Pohn-X-e-yw. AXn-\p
D]-I-c-W-amWv samw Jp-B\ns Bibw. AXv Adn-bp--h Xs-bmWv
]WvUn-Xam. atXv hnh-c-fpw, AXv ùXnI temIspdnpw ùXnItemI
AdAvZv(13)
395
t\-v thn-bp--Xpam-Wv. Acw hnhcw t\Sn kmbqPyw Dsm-p
a\p-jy\mWv `qan-bn Ghpw Xntb-dnb Poh-Pm-e-sav A^m: 22, 55 kq-fn- ]d-n-pv. Atm Am-lp-hns kwL-amb hnizmkn-If
- psS sFIyhpw,
]ns a\p-jy-cpsS samw sFIyhpamWv Jp-B Bh-iy-s-Sp--Xv. hnizm-knI-fpsS sFIyw ]c-tem-Is Ip-sIm-p-Xpw ]c-temI-p-IqSn D]-Im-c-s-Sp-Xp-am-Wv. Fm a\p-jy-cpsS sFIyw Cl-tem-I PohnX-tm-Sp-IqSn Ah-km-\np--Xm-Wv. Adqw: 20-24 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. _Jd: 44, AAv-dm^v: 146-147 hni-ZoIcWw t\mp-I.
5.
\o Ap-X-s-Sp-p-sh-n, \mw acnv am-bn-om ]ns \mw

hopw ]pXnb krjvSn-I-fmbn krjvSn--s-Sp-Itbm F Ah-cpsS
tNmZynemWv Ap-X-s-tSXv. Aq- X-fpsS DS-a-bmb
\mYs\ \ntj-[n--h-cm-Ip-p. Aq X-fpsS ]nc-Sn-I-fn N-eI AWn-bn--shcm-Ip-p. Aq- \c-I-hm-kn-I-fpw Ah
AXn \nXy-hm-kn-I-fp-am-Ip-p.
JpB\ns Bi-b-samw Adnnv Am-lp-hns\ adv Pohn-p--h

Ahsc Xs ad-h
- cpw sXm-Sn-If
- p-am-sWv liv: 19- ]d-n-p-v. AAvdm^v:
157158, Xu_: 67-68, bq\pkv: 107108, dAvZv: 2 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
bmko: 8, Ah-cpsS Igp-p-I-fn \mw N-e-I _n-n-cn-p-p,
AXv Ah-cpsS XmSn-sb-p-hsc Fp-p-ap-v. Atm Xe Atm-p-an-tmpw
Xncn-m km[nmsX Dbn-nSnncnp-I-bmWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Ckm:
4, \n-ba
- mbpw Jp-B Innbnv aqSnshp \ntj[nIpthn hf-bfpw
N-e-Ifpw Inbmfp \c-Ihpw \mw Xm-dmnshn-pv Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
hmJnA: 4156 kq-fn, CSXp]-msc hni-Zo-I-cn-p-sImv Amlp
]dbpp: CSXp]w, GXmWv Cu CSXp]w? DjvW-m-nepw Xnf shnepw ioX-ftam kpJ-{]-Ztam Am Idp ]pI-]-S-e--fn-ep-ambncnpw AhcpsS hmkw. t\cs sFln-I-tem-Iv Ah kpJ-tem-ep-]-cm-bn-cp-p, alm]m]-fn iTnv \nn-cp-p. acnv apw Fp-ambn amdn-b-tijw Rfpw RfpsS ]q]nXm-fpw hopw Fgp-t]n--s-Sptam Fv tNmZn-p--h-cpam-bncp-p Ah. ]q]nXm- am{X-a-, ]pdsI hcm-\n-cn-p--h t]mepw Fgpt]n--sSpw Fv \o ]d-bp-I. \n-bn--s Znhkw Xo-bmbpw Ahsc
Hcp-an-p-Iq-pw. ]noSv Ah-tcmSpw ]d-bpw: ZpamKn-Ifpw \pW-bam-cp-am-b-htc
\n kJqw hr-n \nv `n-t--h-cpw AXp-sImv hbdv \nd-t-h-cp-am-Ip-p. AXns aosX, Zm-lnv he HIw IpSn-p-Xp t]mse Xnf-shw IpSn-t--h-cpamIp-p. hn[n-Zn-\-n CXm-bn-cnpw Ahv Inm
t]mIp kmcw. AlmJ: 2537 kq--fn Amlp ]d-bp-p: Atm
BmtWm I-]pkvX-Iw CSXpIn Innb-Xv, Ah- Av hne-]n-pw: Hm
IjvSw, Fs ]pkvXIw F\nv Hcn-epw Innbn-cp-nsn, Fs Cu I-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
ns IWv Rm Adn-bm-Xn-cp-s-n, ac-W-tmsS Fmw Ah-km-\nncpsn, Fs [\w F\nv {]tbm-P-\-s-n--tm, Fs kzm[o-\hpw m\am-\--fp-samw F\nv \jvS-s-p-t]m-b-tm. Atm Am-lp-hns I]-\-bpm-hpw, Ahs\ ]nSnv sIn-bnSq, Fnv \c-I-n Fdnbq, Fnv Fgp-]Xv
apgw \of-ap N-e-bn _n-q. alm-\mb Am-lp-hn Ah hniz-kn-n-cpn, AK-Xnv Blmcw sImSp-m Ah ap--hsc t{]cn-n-n-cp-n. AXn\m Ct-Zn-hkw Ah\v ChnsS Hcp B-an-{X-hp-an-. tNmcbpw No-ehpw
am{X-amWv Ah\v Blm-cwIp-hm-fn-I-f-msX AXv Ign-p-I-bn-. _eZv: 19-20
kq--fn, BcmtWm \psS kq-sf aqSn-sh--Xv Ah CS-Xp-]-mcmIpp. Ah-cp-sS-ta-emIpp Xo aqSsSp-I Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
396
apAvan\q: 34-38 , Fm-Im-e-p-ap \ntj-[n-I {]hm-N-Iam-scp-dnv

P\--tfmSv ]d--Xmbn ]d-bpp: \n \n-sf-tm-se-bp a\p-jysc A\pk-cn-p-I-bm-sW-n \n \s--h Xs-bm-bn-cn-pw. \n acnv apw
Fp-am-bn-om hopw ]p\Po-hn-n-s
- -Sp-sav Ah \n-tfmSv hmKvZw
sNp-pthm? \n-tfmSv hmKvZw sN-s-Sp Imcyw hfsc hnZq-cw. PohnXw
Cl-nep-Xv am{X-am-Wv, AmsX \mw ]p\Po-hn-n-s
- -Sm-s\mpw t]mIpn.
Ch Am-lp-hnsta Iw -sI-n--ap ]d-bp Hcp ]pcp-j-\-msX am-cp-a-,
\mw Ah-\n hniz-kn-p--h-scm-p-a- Fv. bq\pkv: 48, lqZv: 78, 17-19 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
6.
Ah \papv Xn-pth-n-bmWv \ntmSv [rXn ImWn-p-Xv.

Fm Chpapv ]mTw ]Tn-n-p F{Xtbm DZm-l-c-W-
Ign-p-t]m-bn-p-X
- m-Ipp. \nbw \ns \mY a\p-jytcmSv AhcpsS A-{I-a
- ns taenepw hnp-ho-gvN- sNp-h
- \
- mWv. \n-ba
- mbpw
\ns \mY ITn-\-ambn inn-p--h Xs-bmWv.
A^m: 3132, bq\pkv: 11, 48, lqZv: 100104 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
7.
\ntj-[n-I tNmZn-p-Ibpw sNp-p: FmWv Ch\v Xs \mY\n

\nsmcp ZrjvSmw Ah-Xcn-s-Sm--Xv? \nbw \o ap-dn-bn-pIm-c am{X-am-Ip-p. Fm Hmtcm P\-n\pw Hcp amK-Zinbpv.
Fm Hmtcm P\Xpw Hcp amK-Zinbpv FmWv ChnsS ]d--sXn, Fm Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-n\pw Hcp {]hm-N-I-\pv Fv bq\p-kv: 47 -]-dn-p-v. Fm- Hmtcm P\-Xpw Hcp amKZin-bpv Fp-]-d--Xv Cv hnizmkn-Isfpdn-m-Wv. ^mXzn: 24-, Fm Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-n\pw Hcp ap-dn-bn-pIm-c ISp-t]mImXncp-n-n- Fp-w, Ap-Ad
- m-Av: 208-209-, \mw \mSp-If
- n\nv
Hn-s\bpw AXn-s\mcp ap-dn-bnpImc Dm-bn--msX \in-n-n-n, HmanpI, \mw A{Iaw sNp--h-\m-bn-cp-n Fpw -]-d-n-p-v. Hcp ZqXs\ \ntbmKn--s-Sp--Xp-hsc \mw inn-ph-\m-hp-I-bnXs Fv Ckvdm-Av: 15-
AdAvZv(13)
397
]d-n-p-v. kpa: 69-, Ah-c-h-cpsS {]h\{Kw lmP-cmn, \_n-am-scbpw
kmn-I-sfbpw sImphcnIbpw Jp-BsImv Ahn-S-bn hn[n-I]n-pIbpw sNp--Xm-Wv Fp-]-d-n-Sv kmn-Isfsmp hnh; AXmXv
P\- X - p amK- Z in- I - f m- W v. apl- Zv \_n kap- Z m- b - ns KpWn\pthnbmWv {]mn-sX-n P\-X-v F-Xn-cm-bnmWv Jp-B\pw sImphv Fs \mYm, Fs Cu P\-X, Cu Jp-B-\n\nv AI-p-t]m-b-XmWv
Chv h ZpKXnsbv A\ymbw t_m[n-n-p cwKw ^pJm: 30 apdn-bnv \Inbn-p-Xv. An-km-Av: 41-42, A-Bw: 35, AAvdm^v: 175-176, bqkp^v:
8.
Fm Hmtcm kv { XoIfpw X- f psS K`- ] m- { X- n hln- p- Xns\pdnv Adn-bp--h-\m-Ip-p Am-lp. AXn\nv Npcp-pItbm hn-p-Itbm sNp-Xpw Ah Adn-bp-p. Fm-Im-cypw Ahs ] \nn-X-amb Hcp IW-p-v.
AXm-bXv amXm-hns K`m-i-b-n Ipn-bpsS Ah-b-h-, in, tbmKyX, BtcmKyw, Fn-h-bnepm-Ip Gpd-n-ep-I-fpw, ]pcp-j-\mtWm kv{XobmtWm Fv \n-bn-p-Xpw {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Amlp-hns Adn-thm-Sp-Iq-SnbmsWv kmcw. K`-]m-{X-n Fm-Wp-Xv F-Xns\pdnv Amlp Adnbpp Fv epJvam: 34- ]d-bp-p. B Ay-aWn-q-dn-s\-p-dn-p Adnhv
Ah-\n-tev aS--s-Spw. Hcp [m\yhpw ]ghpw AXns sImXp-n \nv ]pdp-h-cp-n-, Hcp kv{Xobpw K`w [cn-p-n-, {]k-hn-p-p-anAhs Adnthm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-m-sX. At-Zn\w Ahsc hnfnv tNmZn-p--XmWv: FhnsS Fs
]m-fn-I Fv. Ah ]dbpw: R \ntm-SnXm {]Jym-]n-p-p, R
AXn\v kmn-I-sfm-p-a. Ah apv hnfnp {]mn-n-cp--h-scmw Ah-scsmv AIp t]mbn-cn-pp. Ahv klm-bnI Bcpw Xs-bn-s-v
Ahv t_m[yw-h-cpw Fv ^pkzn-ev: 47-48 ]d-n-pv. C^n-Xzm:
68 kq-fn Amlp tNmZn-p-p: Hm a\p-jym, \ns DZm-c-\mb \mYs
Imcy-n \ns FmWv hn-Xv? Ah \ns krjvSn-p, cq]-s-Sp-n,
Fn--W-mn. GXv cq]-n Ah Dt-in-p-thm, B cq]-n Ah
\ns hms-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp Fv. BZw \_nsb krjvSn--tm Xs
Ay-\mhsc-bp-ff apgp-h Bfp-I-sfbpw krjvSnv Ah Ah-tcmSv DS-Sn
hmn-bn-p-v. Ben-Cw-dm: 6, An-km-Av: 1, A-Bw: 94, AAvdm^v: 172-173,
lqZv: 56 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
9.
Zriyhpw AZr-iyhpw Adn-bp Kmwòcy-ap--h-\pw ]ctam--X-\p-amWv

Ah.
_Jd: 255, bqkp^v: 39-40 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
10.
\n-fn ]Xps kwkm-cn-p--h-\pw, D-n kwkm-cn-p--h-
398
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
\pw, cm{Xn-bpsS Ccpn Hfn-n-cn-p--h-\pw, ]I-ens {]Im-i-n
kcnp--h-\p-samw Ah\v Hcp-t]m-se-bm-Ip-p.
AXm-bXv Am-lp-hn\nv Hcmfpw Ftmgpw Fhn-sSbpw GX-h--bnepw

adv \np-n-. Ben-Cw-dm: 5 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I. apIv: 12-14 kq-fn Amlp ]d-bp-p: \nbw X-fpsS \mYs\ ImWmsXIv `b-s-Sp-hv ]m]-tam-N-\hpw hn {]Xn-^-e-hp-ap-v. \n ]Xps ]d-m-epw
Dds ]d-mepw icn, \n-fpsS s\p-If
- psS Ah Adn-bp-h
- \
- tm Ah.
krjvSn--h\v B krjvSnsbpdnv bmsXmpw Adn-hn-s-tm! Fm Ah
Dn-s-bp-f-fnepXv Adn-bp kqva-m-\n-bpw, Fmw hebwsNbvX {XnIme-m\n-bpatm. AAv-dm^v: 205, bq\pkv: 61 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
11.
Hmtcm a\p-jy-sbpw apnepw ]nnepw Ah\pthn \nbp--cmb

]mdm-hp-Im-cp-v. Ah Am-lp-hns I]-\-{]-Imcw Ahs\
kqnp-sIm-n-cn-p-p. \nbw HcpP\w, Ah-cpsS Ah kzbw
ammsX Amlp amp-I-bn. Amlp Hcp P\Xv Hcp tZmjw Dtin-m Atm Ah-\n \nv AXns\ Xn-\o-p-h
- c
- n. Ahv
Ahs\qSmsX Hcp c-It\m klm-bntbm Hp-an-.
A^m: 53 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mp-I. Hmtcm hynbp-sSbpw IqsS ae-pIsf
]mdm-hp-Im-cmbn \n-bn-n-cn-p-p. Azm-cnJv: 4, Fm Hmtcm Bm-hn\pw
AXn-sta kqn-p-Im Dv Fp-w, C^n-Xzm: 10-, \nbw \n-fp-sSta ae-p-Isf kqn-p-Imcmbn \n-bn-pI Xs sN-bvXn-p-v Fpw
]dnp-v. ^pkzn-e-v: 30-32 kq--fn Amlp ]d-bpp: \n-b-am-bnpw
R-fpsS dv Am-lp-hm-sWv {]Jym-]n-p-I-bpw ]ns AXn Dd-p-\npIbpw sNp--h-cp-sS- ta ae-p-I Cd-p-I-bpw, \n `b-s-S-cp-Xv, \n
ZpxJn-cp-Xv, \ntfmSv hmKvZw sNbvXn-p kzKwsImv ktm-j-`-cn-X-cmhpI, R-fmWv Cl-nepw ]c-nepw \n-fpsS kwc--Icpw tXmgam-cpw,
\nv B kzK-n Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[nbpw Gsd s]mdp-p--h-\p-am-b-hs hncpmbnsmv \nfpsS \^vkv B{K-ln-p--Xpw, icocw tXSp--Xp-amb Fmap-v Fp-]-d-bp-Ibpw sNpw. \njv]--hm-\mb Amlp Hmtcm a\p-jy-scbpw,
Ah-c-S-p P\X-sbbpw, Ahv kamKhpw ZpamKhpw \In-sImv
(Awkv: 710, _e-Zv: 10, Ckm: 3 t\mpI) `qan-bn kzX-{-cmbn krjvSnp
hnn-cn--bm-Wv. Ahv kamK-n-\p-thn thZ-{K-hpw Cd-n-sImSpp.
_-Jd: 38 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. AXpsImv kzKhpw \c-I-hp-samw Xocp-am\n-p-Xv Ah-c-h Xs-bm-Wv. Hcp hyn-sbbpw Hcp P\-X-sbbpw Amlp
amp-I-bn-, Ahc-h kzbw amtd--Xm-Wv. _Jd: 286, Ben-Cw-dm: 185 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I. \n-fpsS Pohn-Xns Hmtcm \nanjspdnpw \nv
Dcw ]d-bm-\p-Xv DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hns apn am{X-amWv. AXn\v Xm-dmh-emWv \memw L-n-ep Chn-Ss Ipd-I
- mes PohnXeyw. ^mnl:
AdAvZv(13)
399
3, A-Bw: 94 AAv-dm^v: 178, lqZv: 5 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
12.
Ah\mIpp \nsf Bi- - I fpw {]Xo- - I fpw Df- h m- p

an]nW ImWnp-Xv. `mc-ap taL-sf Dbp-Xpw
Ah Xs-bm-Ip-p.
13.
CSn-\mZw Ahs\ kvXpXn-p-sImv hmgvp-p. AXns ]nnep

ae-p-I-fpw Ahs\ `b-tm-Sp-IqSn kvXpXn-p-Ibpw hmgvp-Ibpw
sNp- p. Ah Ab- p CSn- h m- f p- I Ah- \ p- t - i n- p- hscAh Am- l p- h ns Imcy- n Xn- p- s Im- n- c n- ptm_m[n-npp. Ah AXni-amb X{w {]tbm-Kn-p-h Xsb-tm.
CSn-\mZhpw AXns ]nnep ae-p-Ifpw GsXm-cp-hs\ kvXpXn-p-sImv

hmgvp--pthm, Ah ]cn-ip--\m-Ipp Fv CSn-an--ep-m-Iptm {]mnm \_n ]Tn-n-n-pv. _Jd: 33, AAvdm^v: 206 t\m-pI.
Adqw: 24- Amlp ]d-bpp: `bhpw Bibpw Df-hm-n-smv \nv
an ImWn-p-Xc
- p-Xpw BIm-i
- p\nv shw Cd-n-c
- p-Xpw AXp-sImv
`qansb AXns \nPo-hm-h-kvYv tijw Poh \Ip-Xpw Amlp Dv
F-Xn-\p sXfn-hm-Ip-p. Xo-bmbpw AXn Nnn-p--hv [mcmfw ]mT-fp-v. `qa-nbn-ep k-{]-Xn-`m-k-fpw ae-p-Ifpw Am-lp-hns\ hmgvphcmWv Fn-cns _p-n-inbpw hnth-Ihpw \In Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifmbn Pohn-t a\p-jy Fm-bvtmgpw Ahs\ kvXpXn-t--hcpw hmgvt-h-cp-amWv. Fm Hcm-]pw kw`-hn-p-I-bn-. _Jd: 17-20, An-km-Av: 7879
kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
14.
bYm-n-ep hnfnv Al Ah am{X-am-Wv. Ahs\qSm

sXbp-Btcm-sSmw Ah hnfnv {]mn-psIm-n-cn-p-pthm
Ah-cmcpw Chv bmsXmcp D-chpw \Ipn-. sh-n-tev
ssI \on AXnt\mSv hmbn-tev Fn-s-SpI Fp-]-d-m AXv
hmbn-te-v Fn-s-SpIbn FXpt]msebm-sX. \ntj-[n-If
- psS
{]m\ hgn-tI-Snem-sX-b-.
ChnsS bYm {]m-\v Al Amlp am{X-amWv Fpw Dt-iapv. bYm-n hnfnv Al Fp-]-d-m, Bcn-te-mtWm P\-sf
hnfn-t-Xv AXn\v Al Fm-n-sbpw DS-a-bmb Amlp am{X-amWv FmWv. bqkp-^v: 108 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. B{K-l- k^-eo-I-cn-p-I, Bh-iy \nd-th-pI, Zpcn-X- AI-p-I, Fnhp apgp-h Ign-hp-Ifpw A[n-Imc-fpw, {]]-s AS-n-`-cn-p GIm-[n-]-Xnbpw {XnIm-e-m-\n-bp-amb
Amlphns ] am{Xam-Wv. AXn-\m Ah-t\mSv am{Xta {]mn-mhq.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Am--hscsbmw hnfn-p--h ]nim-Nn-s\-bmWv hnfn-p--Xv, Ah \ntj[n-Ifpw, Ah-cpsS {]m\ hgn-tI-Sn-ep-am-Wv Fv A-n-km-Av: 117 ]d-npv.
_Jd: 186, AAvdm^v: 194 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. \cI-n-ep I]-S-hn-izm-knIfmb t\Xm-amcpw Ahsc ]WvUn-X-scv [cnp ]np-Sncp A\p-bmbn-I-fpw \cI-ns ]mdm-hp-Im-tcmSv ]d-bp--Xm-Wv: inbn\nv Hcp-Zn-hkw
Rv eLq-I-cnpXcp-hm \n-fpsS \mYt\msSmv {]mn-pI Fv.
Atm ]mdm- h p- I ma- e - p- I tNmZnpw: \nv hy- a mb
sXfnhpwJpBsImv \n-fn \np ZqXam hn-p-m-bn-cp-n-t?
Ah adp-]Sn ]dbpw: AsX, hn-cp-p. aep-I ]dbpw: Fm \n Xs
Am-lp-hn-t\mSv hnfnv {]mnpI. kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fpsS {]m\ hgn-tI-Sn-emsXb Fv apAvan: 4950 kq-fn ap-dn-bnv \Inbn-p-v.
400
Atm Am-lp-hn-s\-q-SmsXbp-hsc hnfnv {]mn-p--Ibpw t\hgn]mSp-I Anp-Ibpw sNp-hv B{K-l- k^-eo-I-cn-s-Sp-Ibpw,

Bh-iy- \nd-thdpIbpw, Zpcn-X- AI-sSp-Ibpw, km-\-e-_v[nbpmIpIbpw km-n-I-t\--fpm-hp-Ibpsams sNp-p-tm FmWv Adn-hnm km[m-c-W-m-cpsS hmZ-sa-n, AXp icn-bmWv, ]t AXv ]nim-Nn
\nmWv. Cl-tem-Iv Ccw t\-sfmw {]Zm\w sNm ]nim-Nn\v Amlp
Ign-hp-sIm-Sp-np-v. Fm Ah ]c-tem-In Fmw \jvSs
- -h-cm-bncnpw.
Ah ac-W-k-a-bv kz-n-s\-Xn-cmbn "R Im^n-dm-bn-cpp' Fv kmyw
hlnv Im^n-dmb ]nim-Nns hoSmb \c-I-n {]th-in-p--Xm-Wv. AAvdm^v:
37-40 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. adnbw: 83- Amlp ]d-bpp: Im^n-dp-I-fpsS
Imcy- km[n-n-p-sIm-Sp-m \nbw \mw ]nim-Nns\ Ab-n-p-Xv \o
Int. Ckvdm-Av: 6364 Amlp ]nim-Nn-t\mSv ]dp: \o \n\v \Inb
Ignhpw sImv `qan-bn-tev t]mIpI. a\p-jy-cn \nv \ns ]n]-p--hcmtcm,
Atm \nbw \np {]Xn-êw \c-I-Ip-WvTamWv. AXv XnI {]Xnêw Xs. \ns i-w sImv Ah-cn\nv Ign-bp--h-sc-sbms \o hyXnNen-npsImpI, \ns IpXn-c--S-sbbpw Imem-S-sbbpw Ah-sc-sms
\bn-p-Ibpw sNp-I. Ah-cpsS k-nepw km-\--fnepw Ah-tcm-sSmw
]ptN- c p- I bpw, Ahv hmKv Z m\ \Ip- I bpw sNp- I - Ah- t cm- S p]nimNns hmKvZm\w h-\-b-msX asmp-a-. Npcp--n "DIm-gvm-Zm-bIamb' Jp-B-\ns Bibw D]-tbm-K-s-Spn Am-lp-hn-s\bpw ]nimNns\bpw
Xncn--dn-bm Bbn-c-n sXmm-bn-cnsXmqn HXv t]pw ]nim-Nns
sIWn-bns]v Zp\n-bmhv e`nv ]c-temIw \jvS-sSpw. Jp-B-\ns Bibn
\nv ]nim-Nns\ a\-n-em-nbnpw ap-hv ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-m I]-S-hn-izmkn-I hnNm-cWbnmsX \c-I-n t]mIp--XmWv. Amlp h[npIf
Ahsc ]n]-p km[m-cW apkvenwIsf hnNm-c-Wv tijw IqwIq-ambn \cI-n-tev sXfn--s-Sp--Xp-am-Wv. \c-I-n t\Xm-fpw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw ]ckv]cw ]gn-Nm-cp cwKw _Jd: 166-167 s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I. Xu_:
55, bq\pkv: 108, lqZv: 119-120 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
AdAvZv(13)
401
"sh-n-tev ssI \on AXnt\mSv hmbn-tev Fn-s-SpI Fp-]-dm AXv hmbn-te-v Fn-s-SpIbn' FXpt]msebm-sX \ntj-[n-IfpsS {]-\v Dcw Inp-I-bn FmWv kq-n ]d--sX-n, Amlp-hn\pthn am{Xw Pohn-p-I-bpw, Ahs\ Pohn-np-Ibpw sNp Ahs
{]Xn-\n-[n-Ifmb hnizm-kn-Iv sh-n-tev ssI Nqm-sX-s e`n-pXmWv. Hcn- sh-n\v AXym-hiyw h L-n \_n-bpsS hnc-en
\nv Amlp shw ]pd-s-Sp-hn-n-pv. Ay-\m hsc-bp Jp-B\ns\
Pohn-n-p hnizm-kn-Iv Cl-nepw ]c-n-ep-ap Fm B{Klfpw kê-am-Ip-sa-mWv "Amlp Ah-cpsS Ipw ImepamIpw' Fv JpZv-kn-bmb lZokn ]Tn-n-Xns s]mcp. Xu_: 40, 100 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
15.
BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ephcpw Ah-cpsS \ng-ep-IfpsamwXs A\p-kc-W-tm-Sp-IqSntbm \n_-n-X-amtbm, {]`m-X--fnepw {]tZm-j-fnepw Amlphns apn {]W-an-p-p.
AAvdm^v: 206 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. \ng-ep-I kpPqZv sNpp Fp-]d--Xns hnh, hkvXp--fpsS \ng-ep-I cmhn-sebpw sshIp-t-chpw ]Snm-tdmpw Ing-tmpw Nmbp-p FmWv. AXp-hgn Cu hkvXp--sfmw AhbpsS DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hns I]\ A\p-k-cn-pp. \lv: 48-50 kq-fn, Amlp krjvSn Hmtcm-n-sbpw \ng Ahs\ hW-n-sImv CS-tmpw
he-tmpw Nmp-sIm-n-cn-p-Xv Ah hn\-b-tmsS t\mn-m-Wp-n-t.
BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep Fm Pohn-Ifpw ae-p-Ifpw Am-lp-hns\ {]W-an-p-p,
Ah Al-c
- n-p-n-. Ah-cpsS tate-bp \mYs\ Ah `b-s-Sp-Ib
- pw, Ahs
I]-\-I A\p-k-cnv {]hn-p-Ibpw sNp-p Fp-]-d-bp-pv. kqPqZns kq- hmbn-p-tmgpw tIp-tmgpw Am-lphns {]Xn\n-[n-Ifmb hnizm-knI Ahs {]oXnbpw kmao-]yhpw tXSnsmv kpPq-Zn hogpXm-Wv.
16.
Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-p-I: BIm-i`

- q-an-If
- psS DS-ab
- mb \mY Bcm-Ipp?
]d-bp-I: Am-lp-hmsWv. hopw tNmZn-p-I: bmYmYyw CXm-bncns Ahs\qSmsX Ahv Xs D]-Imctam D]-{Z-htam hcpm A[n-Im-c-an-m--hscbmtWm \n cm-[n-Im-cn-Ifpw an{X-fp-ambn kzoI-cn-ncnp-Xv? tNmZnp-I: A\pw ImgvN-bp-
h\pw ka-am-Iptam? As-n A-Im-cfpw {]Im-ihpw ka-amIptam? As-n Ah Am-lp-hn\v I]n-n-p ]m-fn-I NnesXms krjvSn-p-I-bpw, AXv Iv krjvSn-ns Im-cy-n Ah
Bi-b-p-g--neIs-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX-XmtWm? ]dbpI: kIe
hkvXp--fp-sSbpw {kmhv Amlp am{X-am-Wv. Ah Fmw ASn-`-cn-p GIm-[n-]-\p-a-tm.
A-Bw: 71, AAv-dm^v: 179, 188, bq\p-kv: 35-36, 42-44, lqZv: 23-24, bqkp^v: 39
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
402
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
17.
Ah BIm-ip\nv ag hjn-n-p. Xmgvhc-I-fneqsS NmepIfpw

tXmSp-I-fp-w \Zn-Ifpsamw Ah-bpsS hym]vXn A\p-k-cnv B shhp-ambn Hgp-IpI-bmbn. Atm B Hgpv D]-cn-X-e-n \pcbpw
]X-bpw hlnp. B`-c-W-fpw ]m{X- t]mep hop-]-I-c-Wfpw apw Dm-p-X
- n\pthn Bfp-I Xon Dcp-p hkvXp-fn\npw CXp-t]m-ep \pc-bp-m-Ip-p. A{]-Imcw Amlp
kXy-sbpw anYy-sbbpw hni-Zo-I-cn-p-I-bmIp-p. Atm \pcI s]sv ambpp, a\p-jy\v D]-tbm-K-ap hkvXp--fm-hs
`qanbn Ah-ti-jn-p-p. A{]-Im-c-amWv Amlp D]-a-I DZm-lcnp--Xv.
ChnsS \_nv e`n-p Jp-Bs\bmWv ag-tbmSv D]-an-n-cn-p-Xv. AXpt]mse A\p-{K-lhpwsh-w hln-p-sImv Hgp-Ip \Zn-I-tfmSpw tXmSp-I-tfmSpw
D]-an-n-cn-p-Xv hnizm-kn-I-sfbmWv. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS i{Xp-fmb I]-S-hn-izmkn-Isfbpw, Ahsc ]n]p hgn]ng `qcn-] P\X-sbbpamWv aeshw
hcp-tm apI-fn s]mn-n-S-p \pc-tbmSpw ]X-tbmSpw Xmc-Xy-a-s-Sp-nbn-cn-p-Xv. AXp-t]mse B`-c-W- Dcp-p-tm-gpw ]m{X- Dm-p-tmgpw
AXn\nv Ipdv kabw \pcbpw ]X-bp-a-msX asmpw ImWm km[y-am
hn[w amen\y \pcv s]mpI kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. \pcbpw ]Xbpw \in-pIbpw, shhpw Xhpwt]mse a\p-jyv D]-Im-c-{]-Z-ambh _mn-bm-hp-Ibpw
sNpw. aesh-n ImWp \pc-bpw ]Xbpwt]mep I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sfam{XamWv Cs apkvenwI-fn Fhn-sSbpw ImWm km[n-pI. Cukm \_n
h-Xn-\p-tijw am{Xta C\n Cu \pcbpw ]X-bp-a-Sn bYm hnizm-kn-I-sf
ImWp-I-bp-q. Jp-B-\m-Ip {]Imiw DuXn-sSp-m kXy-\n-tj-[n-I F{X
{ian-mepw AXns DS-a AXv ]qn-bm-pI Xs sNpw. C_vdm-low:
2427 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. _Jd: 17-20, Xu_: 32-33, 67-68, bq\pkv: 24 hni-Zo-IcWw
t\mpI.
Am-lpth Rv kXyw kXy-ambn ImWn-p-X-cn-Ibpw AXv ]n]m Rsf A\p-{K-ln-p-Ibpw sNt-Wta. Rv anYy anYy-bmbn ImWnp-X-cn-Ibpw AXns\ hn-m Rsf A\p-{K-ln-p-Ibpw sNt-Wta! lJv
Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-nse Am-lphntev Fn-s-Sm-\p hgn-bm-sWn,
anYy Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-nse \c-I-n-tev Fn-s-Sm-\p]nim-Nns
hgnIfmWv.
18.
BcmtWm AhcpsS DS-a-bpsS hnfnv \-\n-ev adp-]Sn \InbXv

Ahv \-bp-v. BcmtWm Ahs hnfnv Dcw \ImXv
Ahv `qan-bn-ep apgp-h kpw A{X thsdbpw e`n-nv AXpsImv {]mb-nw \Inbmepw \nbw Ah-cn \nXv kzoI-
AdAvZv(13)
403
cn- sSp- I - b n- . Aq- v Zpjn hnNm- c Wbpv - , AhcpsS
ktXw \c-I-hp-am-Ip-p--F-{X-tam-i-s sXmn-ep-I.
_Jd: 186, Ben-Cw-dm: 90-91, 196-197, bq\p-kv: 54 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
_Jd: 38 A\p-k-cnv Am-lp-hn-s hnfnv Ah Dcw \Ip-n-s-n ]ns
Ah Dcw \Ip-Xv ]nim-Nn-\mWv. ]nimNv \msf ssIsm-gn-bp cwKw
C_vdm-low: 22- ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. A-Avdm^v: 174, 178, bq\pkv: 26-27
hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
19.
Atm \nbw \ns \mY-\n\nv \n\v Ah-X-cnn--s-np Cu Jp- B kXy- a msWv Adn- b p- Hcph, IpcpSs\tmsebmIptam? \nbw _pn-amam am{Xta lrZbw sImv
HmanpI-bp-q.
20.
Ah Am-lp-hpambn sNbvX DS-Sn ]qn-bm-p--h-cpw, Ah

{]Xn--I apdnv If-bm--h-cp-am-Ip-p.
AAvdm^v: 102, bq\p-kv: 4043, 108, lqZv: 24 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
21.
Amlp GsXmw _- \ne- \ nm I]nn- ptm

AsXmw \ne-\np-I-bpw, AhcpsS DS-a-bmb \mYs\ `b-s-Sp-Ibpw, Zpjn hnNm-c-Wsb `b-s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-hcpam-Wh.
AYhm Ah Jp- B - \ m- I p Xpemkv D]- t bm- K nv Fm- I m- c y- fpw

ChnsS\nv Xs Xqn-t\m-p-h
- c
- pw, Dm-gvNZ- m-bI
- a
- mb Jp-B\ns Bibw
D]-tbm-K-s-Spn Fm- ka-b--fnepw Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv Ncnp--hcpw, Ahs apn ]Xn-\v hb-n-\p-ti-j-ap Hmtcm \nan-j-s-p-dnpw Hsm--mbn Dcw ]d-tb-n-h-cp-atm F t_m[-n Ftmgpw Fm-bnSpw \ne-sIm-p--h-cp-amWv. _Jd: 152, AAvdm^v: 89, 201 t\mp-I.
22.
Ah X-fpsS \mYs apJw {]Xo-n-p-sIm-v a ssIsIm-p-h-cpw, apd{]Imcw \a-kvImcw A\p-jvTn-p-hcpw, \mw Ahv
\In-b-Xn \nv cl-ky-ambpw ]c-ky-ambpw sNe-h-gn-p--h-cpw,
Xnsb Ghpw \XpsImv XS-bp--h-cp-am-Ip-p. Aq-v
XsbmWv Xncn-p-sN-m \ hoSp-Xv.
AAvdm^v: 170, A^m: 24, lqZv: 114-- 115 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
23.
\nXym\p-`q-Xn-I-tfmSv IqSnb kzK-q-tm-p-I! Ah AXn {]thin-pXmWvAh-cpsS k-\--fmb ]nXm-mcn\npw, CWI-fn\npw, km-\--fn \npap-hcpw. aepI Fm
hmXnen IqSnbpw Ah-cpsS ASp--tev sNp--Xpam-Wv.
404
24.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
\n- am-ep--fmbn Pohn--Xn\v \nv kam-[m-\w-Fp-]-dp-sIm-v. Atm F{X-am{Xw A\p-{Kl kqamb ]cy-hkm\ hoSmWn-Xv.
apAvan: 7-9 Iqn hmbn-p-I. am-ep--fmbn Pohn-pI FXv sImp

hnh; DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iamb Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n \nv ]c-tem-Is
IpsImv, GsXmcp {]hrn-bp-sSbpw ]cy-h-km\w ]-tem-Iv F-s\-bm-bncnpsav hne-bn-cpn, ChnsS \jvS-s-mepw AhnsS \jvS-s-S-cpXv F
\bn Fhn-sSbpw Ftmgpw \ne-sIm--em-Wv. ^mnl: 6, Ben-Cw-dm:
133136, Xu_: 105, 7172, 105 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
25.
Fm Am-lp-hp-ambn sNbvX DS-Sn Ip-apn-bX

- n\ptijw s]mns-dn-bp-I-bpw, Ah tNm I]n _- apdnv If-bpIbpw, `qan-sb \innpsImn-cn-p--h-cp-ap--tmAq--v
XsbmWv im]-w, Ahv Zpjn hoSp-am-Wp--Xv.
D-S--Sn sImp-t-in-p-Xv AAvdm^v: 172-173se DS--Sn-bm-Wv. AXv Ipapn-b-Xn\ptijw apdn-p-I-f-bph Fv ]d-Xv, Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n
B hnhcw hp-In-n-bnv AXv ]men-msX Pohn-p-I-bpw, AXv Hfn-n-p-shv ap-h-sc AXns\pdnv Hman-n-msX `qan \inpXn\v BwIqpIbpw
sNp sXm-Sn-I-fmb I]-S-hn-izmknI-sfbmWv. AhscbmWv Amlp i]n-np--Xpw, AhmWv Ghpw tami-s aS--eap--Xpw. ^mnl: 7, _Jd:
27-28, Xu_: 67-68, 95, 125, bq\pkv: 33 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
26.
Amlp, Ah-\p-t-in-p--hv `-W-hn`h kpe-`-ambn

\Ip-p, Ah-\p-t-in-p--hv ]cn-an-X-ambpw \Ip-p. Ah
sFlnI Pohn- X n aXn- a - d v Bm- Z npsImn- c n- - b m- W v .
Fm sFlnI Pohn-X-am-h-s ]c-tem-Is At]-nv Xp-amb
hn`hamsXbpa.
Ben-Cw-dm: 81-82, 185, AAvd
- m^v: 32, 150, bqkp^v: 53 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
27.
kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fm-b-h tNmZnp-Ibpw sNp-p: FmWv Ct-ln\v Xs \mY-\n \nv Hcp ZrjvSmw Cd-s-Sm--Xv? \o ]dbp-I: \nbw Amlp Ah-\p-t-in-p--hsc hgn-]n-g-n-p-p.
Ah\ntev Xncnbp- - h sc Ah kamK- n- e m- p- I bpw
sNpp.
\lv: 37 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Jm^v: 3133 , ap-Jo-v kzKw hfsc

hnZq-ca
-
- msX ASp-n-p-Xm-Wv. Bhn-m-hnv tJZnpaS-phcpw, "knZp CkvXn-Kv^m's]mdp-ens\ tXSp--Xn-\p Ghpw t{ijvT-amb {]m\apd-{]-Imcw {]mn-p---hcpw, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is\ ImWmsXIv `bsSp-h-
AdAvZv(13)
405
cpw, Ftmgpw Ah-\n-tev Xncn-p-sN--W-sa a\tmSpIqSn h-h-cpamb apJo--tfmSv hmKvZw sNbvXn-p-- kzKw Fp-]-d-n-p-v. An-km-Av: 78-79,
AAv-dm^v: 178, Xu_: 112, bq\p-kv: 90-91, lqZv: 118-119, bqkp^v: 103 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
28.
Ah Xs-bmWv hnizkn-hcpw Jp-B\ns BibwsImv XfpsS lrZ-b-v imnbpw Ddpw t\Sn-b-hcpw. Adn-n-cn-p-I,
Jp-B\ns BibwsImv am{XamWv lrZ-b-v imnbpw
Ddpw e`n-pI.
AAvdm^v: 2, 205, A^m: 24, bq\pkv: 104-106, bqkp^v: 53 hni-Zo-I-cWw

t\mp-I.
29.
kXy-hn-izmkw kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw kI- A\p-n-p-Ibpw

sNp--hv "Xzq_m'bpv. Ahv Ghpw \ aS--hp-ap-v.
Ahv "Xzq_m-'bp-sv]d-Xv, \c-I-hm-knIv "kJqw' hr-am-sWn kzK-hmknIv "Xzq_m' hr-am-WpXv Fm-Wv. AXns \ng \qdv
{]Im-i-hjw k-cn-mepw Ah-km-\n-p-I-bnspw, kzK-nse tX, ]m,
Ien-m Pew XpS-nbhbpsS \ZnIsfmw Hgp-Ip-Xv AXns Xmgv`mKp\nmsWpw AXns sImXp-n \nmWv kzK-hm-kn-Ip hkv{Xw
e`n-p--sXpw apw \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. kzK-nse \Zn-Isfpdnv a\-nem-m apl-Zv: 15 t\mp-I.
30.
A{]- I mcw CXn\papv Ign- p- t ]mbnp \nc- h [n kap- Z m- b sftmep Hcp kap-Zm-b
- n-te-mWv \ns \mw ZqX-\mbn \ntbmKn-n-p-X
- v, \n\v Znhy-kt- -iambn \mw \In-bn-p-sXtm AXv
\o Ahv hni-Zo-I-cnp sImSpp--Xn\v thn-bm-Wv. Ah \njv]--hm-s\-smv \ntj-[n--h-cpam-bn-cn-p-p. Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-I:
Ah-\mWv Fs DS-a-bmb \mY, Ah-\-msX asmcp Cem-lp-an-.
Rm khpw Ah-\n- `c-ta]n-n-cn-p-p. Ah-\n-tev XsbmWv Rm tJZnv aS-p--Xpw.
A-Bw: 102, AAv-dm^v: 150, Xu_: 73, 129, bq\pkv: 104-106 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
31.
]-X-sf k-cn-n-p-Itbm As-n `qansb apdnv ]nfpItbm As- n acn- - h sc sImphv kwkm- c n- n- p- I tbm
sNm Ignhp Hcp Jp-B-\mWv \mw Ah-X-cn-n-n-cp-sX-nepw
\nbw Ah hniz-kn-p-am-bn-cpn. Fm AXv sNm\pw
sNm-Xn-cn-m-\p-ap A[n-Im-c-a-{Xbpw Am-lp-hns ]-em-Ip-p.
AtmZnhym-pXw {]Xy--s-Sm-Xn \ncm-i-]q hnizm-kn-
406
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
I a\-n-em-p-n-t, Amlp Dt-in-n-cp-s-n Fm a\p-jyscbpav kamK-n-em-p-am-bn-cp-p F-v. \ntj-[n-I-fm-bn-p-h-v Ah DXv]m-Zn-n-p-Xv \nanw HmtcmXcw AXym-ln-X-
_m[npsImtbncnmXn-cn-p-I-bn, As-n AhcpsS hopapv hn]v Cd-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bn-Am-lp-hns hmKvZw ]pe-cpXphsc. \nbw Amlp hmKvZ-- Hcn-epw ewLn-p-Ibn Xs.
ABw: 35, 111 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Fm-Im-cy-fpw Am-lp-hns

] Xs-bm-Wv. Hcp ZrjvSmw ImWnv Fm-h-scbpw kamK-n-em-p-Xv Am-lp-hns Ncyv hncp-a
- m-Wv. Fm Bm-hn\pw kamKhpw ZpamKhpw
\In-bn-p-v. Jp-B\ns\ kXy-s-Spn PohnpsImv B kamKs PohnX-n-eqsS kmys-Sp-n-smv PohnpIhgn aph kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS
amXrImkwLs Iv F\npw B amKw thW-sav Am-lp-hn-t\mSv tNmZnp-Ib
- pw, As\ B amK-n-em-bh
- c
- psS Iq-n ebnv tNcp-Ib
- p-amWv sNt-Xv. AmsX ap t{]c-WIv hnt[-b-ambn, bYm hnizmkw Dn-en-msX
hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Iq-n tNv AhscIqSn I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-p Ncy ]nimNn-t-Xm-Wv. A-Bw: 155-157, AAvdm^v: 143, dAvZv: 11 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
Amlphpw Jp-B\pw HmsWn-cns, acn--hsc Pohn-n-m\pw ]X-sf Nen-n-m\pw `qansb ]nfm\pw IS-ens\ Ic-bm-m\pw Icsb IS-emm\pw CjvSkm-\-sf P\n-n-m-\p-samw Jp-B sImv AXns\ Pohnn-p hnizm-kn-Iv km[n-pw. Cukm \_n acn-h
- sc Pohn-n-n-cp-Xv kqdv
appw kqdv kP-Zxbpw HmXn-s-m-m-bn-cpp Fv Ben-Cw-dm 49-s hniZo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I. Jp-B\pw Am-lp-hpw "apssl-an-'Im-p-kq-n-p-Xv BsWn-cns, Jp-B-\ns Bibw sImv Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n
kqn-- hnizm-kn-Isf shSn-sh-m sImp-Itbm t_mw_v kvt^mS\w sImtm
atm h[ns-Sp-Itbm C, Imcy-Im-cW_-n-\-Xo-X-ambn Jp-B Ahsc
kwc-n-psa--w. Ben-Cw-dm: 79, 102 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
\ntj-[n-I-fm-bn-p--h-v Ah DXv]m-Zn-n-p-Xv \nanw Am-lp-hns
hmKvZw hcp-Xphsc HmtcmXcw AXym-ln-X- _m[npsImtbncnmXncn-p-Ib
- n Fv ]d-X
- ns hnh; \ntj-[n-Iv Ah-ch
- c
- psS {]hrnIfpsS
]cn-WnX-^-e-ambn Hmtcm hn]-p-I _m[n-p-sIm-t-bn-cnpw, Fm AXhcpsS {]hrn-tZmjw sImm-sWv Xncn--dn-bpItbm Ah-cpsS PohnXNcy
Xncp-p-Itbm C. As\ ac-W-kabv R Im^n-dp-I-fm-bn-tmb-tm,
A{I-an-I-fm-bn-tm-btm Fv hne-]n-p-sImv Poh shSn-bp-XpamWv. Fm
hnizm-kn-I Ahs-s-nepw hn]v kw`-hn-p-I-bm-sW-n kPZ: 21, dqw:
41 Fo kq- Dsm-psImv, AXv Am-lp-thm-Sp _-s-S-ens
Ipd-hm-sWv a\-n-emn Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw aptJ\ Amlp-hn-tev hnc-
AdAvZv(13)
407
tm-Sp--XmWv. F-msX \ntj-[n-Isftmse AXn\v am-scbpw]n-im-Nn-s\-s-bpwIp-s-Sp-pI-bn-. CkvdmAv: 58, \nbw \mSp-I-fn \np
HpwXs hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn\papv \mw \in-n-p-Itbm ITn-\-ambn inn-pItbm sNm--Xm-bn-n-, AXv Znhy-{Kn ASn-h-c-bnv tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p-Xm-Ip-p Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Am-lp-hns hmKvZw hcp-Xphsc Fp-]-d-Xv, \n-bn--s Ay-Zn-\-w hcp-Xvhsc Fm-Wv. AAv-dm^v: 37, Xu_:
5355, bq\pkv: 98, bqkp^v: 86 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
32.
\nbw, \n\papp {]mhm-N-Iamcpw ]cn-l-kn--s-n-p-v.

Atm \ntj-[n-Iv \mw Ah-kcwA-b-hv \In-. ]ns \mw
Ahsc ]nSn-Iq-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Atm \psS ]nSn-Iq-S F{X
ITn-\-am-bn-cp-p Fv t\mp-I.
AAvdm^v: 182-183, bq\p-kv: 39, lqZv: 8, bqkp^v: 110 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
33.
Atm Hmtcm-Bmhpw km-Zn--Xns ASn-m-\-n hn[nI]n-p-hm thn \ne-\np Hcp-h A-s\-bp Amlp-hn\v Ah ]m-fn-Isf Btcm-]n-n-cn-p-p. \o Ah-cpsS t]cpI ]d-bm ]d-bp-I. AtXm `qan-bn Ah\dn-bm-Xv \n
Ahs\ ]Tn-n-p-I-bmtWm? AtXm \n hmbnhcp hmpIa-\--dn-bm-sX DXnpI-bmtWm? Fm kXy-\ntj-[n-I-fmb-hv Ah-cpsS KqVX-{- Ae-m-c-am--s-Sp-I-bpw, Ah
t\amK-n\nv XS-bs
- -Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p- . Bsc-bmtWm
Amlp hgn-tI-Sn-em-n-b-Xv, Atm Ahs\ kamK-n-e-m-p
Hcp-h\pan.
Hmtcm- hyn-I-fpsS Ah-sbpdnpwA-h FhnsS P\n-pw, FhnsS

acn-pw, Ah-cpsS ico-c-n \nv an F{X ebn-p-tN-cpw, Ah kzK-ntetm \c-I-n-te-tm Fsmw Adn-bp {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmWv Amlp.
Ah ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mb \njv]--hm-\mWv. Hmtcm hynbpw km-Zn--Xv kzKam-sW-n Ahv kzKhpw, AXsn \c-Ihp-am-Wv e`n-pI Fv Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n-eqsS ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Xu_: 115 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Jp-B
kan-p \oXn-am-\mb \njv]--hm-\mb Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-fn ]ptN-h- apivcnp-I-fpw, \ntj-[n-I-fpw, Ah A\p-am-\- sa\-sSpv Dul-sf ]n]-p--h-cp-w ]nimNv ]mn-em-n-b-h-cp-am-Wv. \c-Ihpw kzKhp-samw Am-lp \Ip--Xm-sWv hmZn-p--h Am-lp-hns "\njv]-hm' F KpW-\m-a-n- hniz-kn-m a\p-jy-n-im-Np--fmb I]-S-hn-izm-knI-fm-Wv. Jp-B-\n Fm-Im-cyhpw hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p-v F-n-cns Jp-B am{Xw
aXntbm Fv tNmZn-p--hcpw C-c-m-cn s]-h-cm-Wv. AAvdm^v: 150, 178,
bq\p-kv: 18 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
hmbntXm-n-bXv ]d-bp-Xv PqX-ss{I-kvXhcpsSbpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsSbpw kz`m-h-am-sWv amCZ: 4142, Xu_: 30-31 kq--fn hni-Zo-I-cnXv
ImWp-I. inns\ KqVX-{-sav ]d-bm Imc-Ww, BIm-i-tKm-f-, ae-pI, Pnp- I , alm- m- XpSn GsXmw krn- I sf Am- l p- h ns
KpWfpw A[n-Im-c-fpw D-h-cmnshn-cn-p-p-thm, Bsc-sbmw Am-lphns {]tXyI Ah-Im-i--fn ]ptNn-cn-p-p-thm, Ah-cn Bcpw Xs
Hcn-epw Cu KpW-tfm A[n-Im-c-tfm hmZn-n-n-, Cu Ah-Im-i- Bhiy-s-n-p-an-. R-fpsS apn hv R-tfmSv klmbw tXSp-I-bm-sW-n
\n-fpsS Imcy- icn-s-Spn Xcm-sav Ah P\-sf ]Tn-n-n-p-an-. adnv
KqVX- { - m- c - \ mb ]nim- N ns\ ]n]- p I]- S - h nizm- k n- I fmb a\pjynimNpfpsS {]h-\am-Wn-Xv. Ah km[m-c-W-mn-S-bn Jp-B-\ns
Bi-b-n\v hncp--ambn Xs amlmyw AwKo-I-cnnp--Xn-\pw, Ahs
kn\nv hnlnXw ]p--Xn\pw thn Iptd BNm-cm-\p-jvSm-\- Dmn-sh-n-cn-p-p. Acw alm--msf AwKo-I-cn-v ]mSnpI-gvn-bn-n-s-n
Ah-cpsS Kpcp-Xz-tSv Ahsc GsXnepw hn[n _m[n-p-sav P\-sf
\nKq-V-ambn hniz-kn-n-p-Ibpw sNpp. lqZv: 5356 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
bq\p-kv: 107108, bqkv^v: 103-106, dAvZv: 1416 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
408
34.
Ahv Cu sFln-I-tem-Iv Xs in-bp-v. ]c-tem-I-nse

in AXn-t\-m ItTm-ca
- m-Ip-p. Ahsc Am-lp-hn \nv cnphcmbn Bcpw Xs Dm-bn-cn-p-I-bn-.
\bpw Xnbpw t\Sp- Xv Ah- c - h Xs- b mWv F Jp- B - \ ns

A[ym]\-n\v hncp--ambn km[m-cW P\sf Am-lp-hns amK-n \nv
Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n \nv hgn sXnv \c-I-n-tev ]nSn-p-h-env sImpt]m-Ip a\p-jy-]n-im-Np--fmb Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv Cl-n Xs
\ny-X-bpw, \nIr-jvS-X-bp-amWv {]Xn-^-ew. ]c-n hnNm-c-W-bn-msX Ah \cI-ns ASn--n t]mIp--Xp-am-Wv. Xu_: 55, 67-68, 101, bq\pkv: 33 hni-ZoIcWw t\m-p-I.
35.
Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqnv Pohn-ph-tcmSv hmKvZw

sNsSp kzK-ns D]aAXns Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS \Zn-I
Hgp-In-sm-n-cn-p-p, AXnse ê--fpw AXnse \ng-ep-Ifpw
\nXyhpw imiz-X-hp-am-bn-cn-pw. CXmIpp Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-bn kqnv Pohn-php ]cy-h-km-\w. \n-tj-[n-I-fpsS
]cy-h-km-\-tam \c-Ihp-am-Ip-p.
_Jd: 38-39, bq\pkv: 26-27, dAvZv: 19, 25 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
36.
CXn\v apv thZw \Isn-p--h \n\v Ah-X-cn-n--s thZnJp-B\n Bm-Zn-p--h-cm-Ip-p. hnhn[ kwL--fn
AdAvZv(13)
409
s] Nne Jp-B-\n\np NneXv AwKo-I-cn-m--h-cm-bp-ap-v.
\o hy-ambn ]d-p-sIm-p-I: Rm Am-lp-hn\pthn am{Xw
Pohn-m I]n--s-n-cn-p-p, Ah-\n bmsXmcp hkvXphns\bpw ]m-fnIfmcpsXpw. Ah-\n-tev am{XamWv Rm \nsf
Wn-p-Xv, Ah-\ntev Xs-bm-Ipp Fs aS--hpw.
bq\p-kv: 104-106, lqZv: 17, 62, bqkp^v: hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
37.
A{]-Imcw \mw AXns\ Jp-B-s\ Ad-_n-bn-ep Hcp \ymb-{]-amW-ambn Ah-Xc

- n-n-n-cn-pp. \n\v Adn-hv hp-In-n-bX
- n\v tijw
\o Ah-cpsS CjvSm-\n-jvS- ]n]-p-I-bm-sW-n Am-lphn\nv \ns cn-p--h-cm-bpw, Ahs inbn\nv \ns
tamNn-n-p--h-cmbpw Bcpw Dm-bn-cn-p-I-bn-.
AAvdm^v: 27, bq\p-kv: 15-16, lqZv: 112, bqkp-^v: 13,111 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
38.
Xo-bmbpw \n\papv \mw [mcmfw {]hm-N-Iamsc \ntbm-Kn-np-v. Ah-scsbmw \mw `mcy-amcpw kXnIfp-w D--h-cm-n-bn-pap-v. Am-lp-hns thp-Ib
- n-msX Hcp {]hm-NI
- \pw HcpZrjvSmw
sImp-h-cm km[n-n-p-an-. Fm Hmtcm Imcyn\pw {K-n
tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p Hcp Ah-[n-bp-v.
\_n-s-Xn-cn D-bn--s-n-cp Hcp Btcm-]-W-ns adp-]-Sn-bm-Wn-Xv.

^pJm: 78, \_nsbpdn,v Cu {]hm-N-I\v Fp-]-n! `Ww Ign-p-p,
Am-Sn-I-fn k-cn-pp, ap-dn-bnv \Im Ah-t\m-sSmw Fp-sImv
Hcp ae-ns\ Cd-n-bn-? As-n Fp-sImv Ahs\mcp \n[n Cp-sIm-Spn-? As-n btYjvSw `nm Ah-s\mcp tXm-ap-m-bn? amcWw
sNs Hcp ]pcp-js\ Am-sX-b \n ]n]p-Xv Fpw apw Cu A{Ian-I ]d-psImncn-p. Am-lp-hns thp-I-Iq-SmsX Hcp Znhym-pXw
sImp-h-cm Hcp {]hm-N-I\pw km[y-a-sv C_vdm-low: 11, apAvan: 78 Fo
kq--fnepw ]d-n-p-v. {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Amlp {]]--n \S-p
Fm-Im-cyhpw C ka-bv \SWsav t\cs Hcp {K-n tcJ-s-Spn-bn-p-v. Ckvdm-Av: 90-94 Iqnhm-bn-p-I. bq\pkv: 61, 99-100, lqZv: 6, dAvZv: 25
39.
Amlp, Ah-\p-t-in-p-Xv ambvp-I-f-bp-p. Ah Dt-in-pXv nc- s - S p- p- I bpw sNp- p. Ahs ]- e m- I pp

{Kns amXm-hp-Xv.
^mnl: apJ-p-dn-v, _Jd: 2 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. asmcp Btcm-]-Wn\v adp-]-Sn-bm-Wn-Xv. Ah ]d-n-cp-p: apv Ah-X-cn--s-n-p {K-
Xs-bp--tm ]ns Cu ]pXnb {K-ns Bh-iy-sa-v. Ahbn am-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
n-cp--epI hn-cn-pp Fpw, Ah Zp_-e-am--s-n-cn-pp Fpw, AXn\m Cu ]pXnb {Ks ]np-S-cm I]n-n-cn-pp Fpw \o ]d-bp-p.
]t Am-lp-hns {K-n am-n-cp--ep-I Fs\ km[npw? Ah
Fp-sImv Ahsb kwc-n-n? Am-lp-hns {K- Zp_-e-s-Sp--sXs\? Xudmpw Coepw Ah-X-cn-n AtX Am-lp-hns Xs {K-amWn-sXv \o hmZn-pp. ]t CsXv IY! \ns Nne coXn-I Xudm-ns
I]-\-Iv hncp-amWtm. DZm-l-c-W-ambn NneImcy- \njn--am-sWv
Xudmv hn[n-n-cp-s-n \o Ah A\p-hZ- \
- o-ba
- m-sWv hmZnp-p. AXns\mw
kwn-]vXhpw ka-{K-hp-amb Hcp adp-]Sn ]d-n-cn--bmWnhnsS.
410
"Dp InXm_v'{K--ns amXm-hv Fm aqe-{K--sa-m-Wv. AXmbXv Fm BIm-i-{K---fp-sSbpw Ddhn-S-sav kmcw. lnPv: 87 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
AAvdm^v: 2, 52, 203, Xu_: 115 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
40. \mw Ah-tcmSv hmKvZw sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-phbn NneXv \o
Pohn-n-cn-s-s ImWnp Xt-mw. As-n AXv {]Xy-n hcp-X
- n\p apv \mw \ns Xncnv hnfn-spw hcmw. Atm
\ns _m[yX ktiw Fn-p-sIm-Sp-pI FXv am{X-am-Ip-p,
hnNm-cWsNpI FXv \psS Npa-X-e-bpam-Ipp.
ChnsS A`nkwt_m-[\ \_n-tbm-Sm-Wv. ]t, \o XmoXv sNp B]p-I-sfmpw FmWv C\nbpw hp-Im-Wm--sXv Hcp shp-hnfn t]mse
Bhnv tNmZn-n-cp FXn-cm-fn-Isf tIn-p-Ib
- mWv bYmeyw. amCZ:
67, bq\pkv: 48 t\mpI.
41.
\nbw \mw Cu `qan- b n hp- s Im- n- c n- p- - X pw, AXns

hrs \m\m-h-i--fn\nv Npcpnhcp-Xpw Ah ImWp-nstbm? Amlp \nn-S-bn hn[n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Ahs
hn[nIsf ]p\x]cn-tim-[n-p--h-cmbn Bcp-an-. Ah thK-n
hnNm-cW sNp--h-\p-am-Ip-p.
\mw `qan-bn hcnI Fp-]-d-m, Amlp t\cnphcnI F-. ABw:

158 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Amlp Xs-bmWv JpB, Jp-B XsbmWv
Amlp Fv BenCwdm: 101, AAvdm^v: 143 hni-Zo-Ic
- W
-
- n ImWp-I. Amlp
hcp-Xv ImWp-nt F tNmZyw sImp-tin-p-Xv Jp-B-\ns {]Imiw
temIv hym]n-p-Xpw A-Imcw \op-Xpw \n ImWp-nt FmWv.
Xu_: 32-33 hni-Zo-I-c-Ww t\mp-I. samw Jp-B FSp-msX NneXv
FSppIbpw ap NneXv FSp-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--h apivcnp-Ifpw Im^n-dpI-fp-am-sWv Ankm-Av: 150-151, ABw: 159 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-pI.
^pkvkzn-e-v: 53- Amlp ]d-bpp: \psS kq- \mw N{I-hm-f--fnepw, Ah-cn Xsbpw ImWn-psImSppIXs sNpw--\n-bw AXv kXyw
XsbmsWv Ahv shfn- s - S p- - X p- h - s c. \n\v \ns \mYXs
AdAvZv(13)
411
t]msctbm, \nbw Ah Fm-Im-cy-n\pw kmn-bm-Wv. A-Bw: 19, Xu_:
126, bq\pkv: 13, dAvZv: 31 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
42.
Ahv apv Ign- p- t ]m- b n- phcpw KqVX{- - ]b- n

t\mnbn-p-v. Fm KqVX{-- apgp-h Am-lp-hns ]em-Ip-p. Fm Hmtcm B-m-hpw FmWv km-Znp-sIm-n-cn-psXv Ah Adn-bp-p. Atm BmWv \ ]-cyhkm\sav Cu \ntj-[
- n-\p-ta \ntj[w ssIsm-p Ip^v^m-dpI
Adn-bpI Xs sNpXp-amWv.
C_vdmlow: 46-47 Amlp ]d-bp-p: Ah Ah-cpsS KqV-X-{-

sa\p, Fm Ah-cpsS X{--sfmw Am-lp-hns ]-em-Wp--Xv. AhcpsS X{w sImv ]-X- \om km[n-mepw icn, Atm Amlp
Ah-s ZqXamtcmSv hmKvZw sNbvXXv ewLn-p-sa-v Ah IWpIq
tXn. \nbw Amlp tNmZyw sN-s-Sm AP--\pw, {]Xn-Imcw sNpp-h-\pw Xsb-tm. ^mXzn: 10- Amlp ]d-bpp: BcmtWm {]Xm-]-a-t\zjnp--Xv, Atm {]Xm]w apgp-h Am-lp-hn-\p--Xm-Ip-p. Ah-\n-te-mWv
]cn-ip--amb hN-\- Db-cp--Xv. ka- Ah-\n-tev Dbp-Xpw
B ]cniphN-\- Xs. BcmtWm Xnvthn KqV-X{w {]tbm-Kn-pXv Ahv A[n-I-Tn-\-amb in-bp-v. Ah-cpsS KqV-X{w Ahs-Xncmbns Xncn-bp--Xpam-Wv. AYhm Jp-B-\ns Bib {]N-c-W-n-s\-Xn-cmbn-p Fm KqV-X-{-fpw Ahs-Xn-cm-bn-s Cl-nepw ]c-nepw
`hn-p--Xm-Wv. Amlp BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn Fs-m-amWv kw`-hn-p-I-sbv
t\cs \n-bnnp-Xpw, Hcp {K-n tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p--Xpam-Wv.
A^m: 30, Xu_: 55, 125, bq\p-kv: 99-100, lqZv: 56 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
43.
\o Am-lp-hn-\m Ab--s {]hm-N-I-s\m-p-a-sv \ntj-[n-I

]d-bp-Ibpw sNpp. ]d-bp-I: F\npw \npanS-bn kmnbmbn Amlp Xs aXnbmb-h-\m-Wv, BcpsS ]-emtWm thZ-]cn-m-\-ap-Xv Ah\pw.
Ckvdm-Av: 96, A-I-_qv: 52 kq- Bcw-`n-p-Xv, ]d-bp-I: F\npw

\npanS-bn kmn-bmbn Amlp Xs aXnbmb-h-\m-Wv F Bi-bnem-Wv. bmko: 14-17 kq--fn, Hcp \mntev \ntbm-Kn--s aqv {]hmN-Iamcpw Ah-tcmSv ]d-p: R \n-fn-tev \ntbm-Kn--s ZqXamcmWv.
Atm B P\X adp-]Sn \In: \n Rsftmep- a\p-jy-cmsX amcpa.
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I Hpw Xs Cd-n-bn-n-, \n Ifhv -]-d-bp--h-c-msX amcp-a-. Atm Ah ]d-p: \psS DS-a-bmb \mY-\-dn-bmw, \nbw R
\n-fn-tev \ntbm-Kn--s ZqXam-cm-sW-pw, R-fpsS _m[yX Ahs
ktiw hy-ambn FnpXc am{X-am-Ip-p Fpw. apIv: 89 kq-fn,
Fm {]mh-iyhpw \ntj-[n-Isf \c-I-n-tev hen-s-dn-bp-tm AXns ]mdm-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
hp-Im tNmZn-pw: \nv ap-dn-bnpIm hn-cp-nt? Ah adp-]Sn ]dbpw: AsX, Xo-bmbpw hn-cp-p, R Ahsc Xn--d-bp--h-cpw, \nbw
Amlp Hpw Xs Cd-n-bn-n-, \n hn hgn-tI-Sn-e-msXb Fp]dbp--hcp-am-bn-cp-p. 10-, Ah kzbw ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpw: Hm IjvSw, R-
Jp-B\ns Bibw tIn-cp-s-n As-n _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knv Nnn-n-cps-n Cu In-bmfp \c-I-ns kl-hm-kn-I-fn s]p-t]m-Ip-am-bn-cp-n-tm. ^pJm: 27-30 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. thZ-ns Bibadn-bp--h, apl-Zv
\_n kan-p- Jp-B ]qnI {K-n-ep-Xv Xs-bm-sWv kmyw
hln-p--Xm-Wv. Ap-A-dm-Av: 197 Amlp tNmZn-pp: CkvdmCu kXn-I-fnse ]WvUn-Xamv Cu Jp-B-\ns\ Adn-bp-sa-Xv Chsmcp Zrma-stbm? Fv. Ben-Cw-dm: 7, amCZ: 83-85, bq\p-kv: 94, bqkp^v: 108111 hniZo-IcWw t\mp-I.
412
Am-lpth, Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]n]-t hn[w ]n]-m Rsf \o

A\p-{K-ln-t-W-ta, Rsf \o XXz-k-q-amb Jp-B-\ns Bibw sImv
R ad-p-t]mb sXp-I Hman-n-t-W-ta, Hm lrZ-b-fpsS Ah Adnbp- - h t\! Am- l p- t h, Rsf apI- S - - h - t cm- s Sm- hpw ]pWy- m mtfmsSmhpw Snv sImv kzK-n {]t-in-n-t-Wta, Hm Snv Cd-n-bh-t\! Hm ]pWy-hm-\mb Imcp-Wy-hmt\!-
C_vdmlow (14)
413
14-. C_vdmlow
35-mw kq-n \n-mWv kqdn\v C_vdmlow F t]cv \In-bn-pXv. Fm-e
- p-ap kXy-\n-tj-[n-I Ahcn-tev \ntbm-Kn-s {]hm-NIamtcmSv ]d- "R \nsf \mn\nv ]pd-m-pI XssNpw, Asn \n R-fpsS Pohn-X-N-cy-bn-tev Xncn-p-h-cnIXs thWw' F
hmp-I-fn\nv; am \nhm-kn-I ]q-Ime kXy-\n-tj-[n-Isftmse \_ntbbpw X-fpsS \mnse kXy-hn-izm-kn-Isfbpw a-bn\nv ]pd-m-m hw
Iqn-sm-n-cp k`-n-epw, kqw 46, AhcpsS KqVm-temN\sbpdnp ]cm-aiapXpsImv am Pohn-X-ns Ah-km-\-L--n-epamWv Cu
kqdv Ah-X-cn--sXpw a\-n-em-mw.
samw a\p-jysc A-Im-c--fn \nv {]Im-i-n-tev ]pd-s-Sp-hn-m\mWv {]Im-i-amb Cu {Kw Ah-X-cnn-n-p--sXnepw, Pohn-X-eyw \jvSs \ntj-[n-I Cu {Ks aqSn-sh-p-h
- cpw sFln-I- PohnX-n\v {]m[m\yw
sImSpp-h-cp-amWv. CXn\papv temIv hn-p Fm {]hm-N-Iamcpw Ifhm--s-n-p-v. Ah-c-h-cpsS P\-XtbmSv Fm {]hm-N-Iamcpw ]d--Xv, R
\nsftmep a\p-jy am{X-am-Wv, Fm Amlp Ah-\p-t-in-p--hsc
A\p-{K-ln-p-p. Am-lp-hns thpI IqSmsX Rsmcp Znhym-p-Xhpw
sImp-h-cm km[y-a Xs, Atm hnizm-kn-I `c-ta]n-t-Xv Amlphn XsbmWv FmWv. I]Shn-izm-kn-I-fpw Ah-cpsS \ntj-[n-Ifmb A\pbm-bn-Ifpw ]c-tem-I-n(\c-I-n) shv ]c-kv]cw ]gn-Nm-cp- cwKw 21-mw
kqnepw, hgn-tI-Sn\v ]nim-Nns\ IpsSpn-bnv Imcy-apm-hp-I-bn-sv
22mw kqnepw ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. ]cn-iphN\w sImv hnizm-knIsf Amlp Cl-nepw ]c-nepw nc-s-Sp-p-sa-pw, ]cn-ip- hN\s
Hgn-hmn t hN-\s ]n]-nb A{I-an-Isf Amlp hgn]ng-n-p-sapw
]Tnnp-p. Am-lp a\p-jyv \In-bn-p A\p-{K-l- Fn--W-mm km[n-m-Xm-sW-nepw, a\p-jy-cn A[n-I-t]cpw [nm-cnIfpw \n-sI-hcpw Xs-bm-sWpw Hma-s-Sp-pp. 3541 kq--fn, C_vdmlow
\_nbpsS {]m-\bpw \n{]IS\ coXnbpw hnh-cn-n-cn-p-p. Fm Hmtcm
Bmhn\pw Ah km-Zn--Xn\p {]Xn-êw \Ip--Xn\pthn `qanbpw
BIm-i-hpsamw amn-a-dnv Hcp hn[n-Zn-hkw \S-n hcp--Xm-Wv Fv ap-dnbnv \Ipp. GI-\mb Amlp am{Xta a\p-jyv Cemlmbnpp Fv
samw a-\p-jysc Cu ktiwsImv Hman-nm\m-h-iy-s-p-sImv 52
kqf-S-p kqdv Ah-km-\n-p--p.
414
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
1.
Aen-^v--emw--dm-. Cu {Kw \mamWv AXns\ \nntev Ah-X-cn-nn-pXv. AXp-sImv Ah-c-h-cpsS \mYs CwKn-X-tm-Sp-IqSn a\pjysc Ccp- pIfn\nv {]Im- i - ntev A- P - \pw kzbw
kvXpXyl-\p-ambhs hgn-bn-tev- - \o ]pd-s-Sp-hn-p-X
- n\v thn.
2.
Am-lp-hns amK-n-tev, Ah-mIpp BIm-i

- f
- n-ep Fm
Hpw, `qan-bn-ep Fm Hpw. kXy-\n-tj-[n-Iv AXnITn\amb
in-bn\np "hbvep'am-WpXv.
samw a\p-jysc A-Im-c--fn\nv {]Im-i-n-tev ]pd-s-Sp-hn-p-Xn\v thn-bmWv Amlp JpB Cd-n-bn-p--Xv. ChnsS "{]Im-i-'
Fp-]-d-bmsX "{]Imiw' Fp]dXpsImv AXv GIamKam-sW-pw, "Ccpv'
Fp-]-d-bmsX "Ccp-p-I' Fp-]-d-XpsImv Bbn-c-n sXmm-bncnsXmq-sm--Xn-sbpw amK- hgntISmsWpw a\-nem-mw. Aq:
35-, Amlp BImi`qan-If
- psS {]Im-ia
- m-sWv ]d-n-p-v. A-Avdm^v: 157,
"BcmtWm At-l-tm-sSmw Cd--s {]Im-is ]n]-p-Ibpw sNp--Xv,
Aq- am{Xam-Ipp hnPbwhcnp-h' Fv ]d--Xnse "{]Imiw' Jp-B\m-Ip-p. bq\pkv: 5758 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\m-p-I. BIm-i`
- q-an-If
- psS DS-ab
- pw tNmZyw
sN-s-Sm-h-\pw, kzbw kvXpXyl-\p-amb Am-lp-hn-te-p GI hgn JpB\ns hgn am{X-am-Wv. AXv Fhn-sSbpw Ftmgpw Hm-Wv, BZyw apX
Aywhsc HmWv. AX-m hgn-I-sfmw ]nim-Nn-t-Xpw, \c-I-n-tev ASpn-p--Xp-am-Wv. An-km-Av: 105, 118 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. \nbw Cu
JpB\ns Bibw X-fpsS \mY-\n-tev Fn-s-Sm-\p-t-in-p--hv Hcp
Sn-m-sWv Ckm: 29-epw, apk-n: 19epw ]d-n-p-v.
Ah-c-h-cpsS DS-a-bpsS k-X-tm-Sp-IqSn Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-, Hmtcmcp-cpw DS-a-tbmSv kamKw tNmZnp hm-Ww FmWv.
Hmtcm-cp-pw
kamKhpw ZpamKhpw krjvSn-n Xs \In-bn-p-sv Aw-kv: 710,
_e-Zv: 10, Ckm: 3 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 213, AAv-dm^v: 178, dAvZv:
25-28 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I. samw a\p-jyv kamK-am-bn-mWv Jp-B
Ah-X-cn-n-n-p--sXv _Jd: 185-epw Fm AXv kamK-ambn kzoI-cn-pI
hnizm-kn-I am{X-am-sWv ^pkzn-e-v: 44epw ]d-n-p-v. samw temIpw
kmK-ambn Ah-X-cn-n-n-p Jp-B-\ns Bi-bs aqSn-sh-p \ntj-[nI-fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I amen-\y-am-sWv Xu_: 95epw, Ahv Jp-B amen\y-n-\p-ta amen-\y-a-msX hn-n-p-I-bn-sv Xu_: 125-epw ]d-n-p-v.
bmko: 70- Amlp ]d-bp-p: Cu Jp-BsImv Poh-\p--hsc apdn-bnv \Im-\pw, kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fp-sS-ta \ymbw m]n-X-am-Im-\p-amWv Ah-Xcn-n-n-p--Xv. AYhm JpB Inn-bnv aqSn-shv, Rm Im^n-dm-bn-cpp Fv
C_vdmlow (14)
415
kzbw kmyw hln-msX Hcm-sfbpw Amlp \c-I-n-tev CSp-I-bn-.

kXyadnv \ntj-[n-p--hv AXn-I-tTm-c-amb in-b-S--nb \c-Inse
"hbv' F sNcphmWv e`n-p-I. AAvdm^v: 37, dAvZv: 35 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
3.
]c-temI Pohn-X-t-m ùXnI Pohn-X-n\v apK-W\ \Ip-Ibpw, Am-lphns amK-n\nv P\-sf XS-bp-Ibpw, Am-lphns amKs X-fpsS B{Kla\pk-cnv hfsmSn-m {ianp-Ibpw sNp--h-cm-W-h. Aq- hgn-tI-Sn _lpZqcw AIp
t]mbn-cn-p-p.
Chn-sS ]cm-ain-p kXy-\n-tj-[n-I I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-Wv. Ah Amlp-hn-s\bpw ]c-tem-I-sbpw ad--h-cpw, ]c-tem-I-t-m ùXnI tem-I-n\v
{]m[m\yw sImSp-p--h-cp-amWv. _J-d: 6--7, 99 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Alv:
105-107, Am-lp-hns kq--fn hniz-kn-msX Ahsb hf-sm-Snv, aqSnshv, Bibw sXnv A\-h-k-c-n D-cn-ph, Am-lp-hn-s-ta Iw
sIn--av ]d-bp--hcpw \pW-]-d-bp--hcpw Xs-bmWv Fv ]d-n-pv.
BcmtWm hnizm-k-n\ptijw Am-lp-hns\ ad-p-sIm-v, As-n aqSn-shp-sIm-v X-fpsS s\p-I-fn \ntj[w hym]n-m Xr]vXn-s-Sp-Xv, Ah-cpsS-ta Am-lp-hn \np tIm]-hpw, Ahv hn in-bp-apv. AX-h
]ctemI Pohn-X-t-m ùXnI Pohns CjvS-s--Xn\memWv. \nbw,
Ccw \ntj-[n-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xsb Amlp kamK-n-tev \bn-p-I-bn
Xs Fpw ]d-n-pv. kpa: 32- Amlp tNmZn-p-p: Am-lp-hn-sta Iw ]d-bp-h
- t- \-mfpw, kznZvJvJp-B hp-In-n-bXn\ptijw AXns\
Xn--d-bp--h-t\-mfpw Ghpw henb A{Ian BcmWp-Xv. Ccw \ntj-[nIv \c-I-n ew t]msctbm?
Am-lp-hn-s amK-sa-m Jp-B\ns Bi-b-am-Wv. bq\pkv: 57-58 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n \nmWv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb
Cu a\pjynimNp km[m-cW P\-sf XS-bp-I. Xu_: 67-68 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I. AXns\ hfsmSn-pI Fp-]-dm, JpB ]Tn-m _pn-apm-Wv, Jp-B km[m-c-W-mv a\-n-em-hp-I-bn-, AXp-sImv \n Rsf
]n]-n-bm aXn Fv km[m-c-W-msc sXn--cn-n-p-I, Jp-B\ns Bmhv
AXns Bi-b-amWv F-dn-p-sImv Xs Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX JpB\ns
icocw Xnmepw ]pWy-ap-sv sXn--cn-n-p-I. As\ Jp-B ]mcm-bWw
sNp--h "hnn\nv Av sXdn-p-t]m-Ip hn[-n Zo\n\nv sXdn-pt]m-Ip-sav' \_n ]Tn-n-sXmw aqSn-shpI hgn temIs IqSp-X A-Imc--fn-tev \bn-pIbmWv \_nsb sImm-sX -sIm-p Cu a\p-jyn-im-Np sNp-Xv. B-en-Cw-dm: 19, 85 kq--fpsS ASn-m-\-n samw
a\pjyv Am-lp-hns ASp- kzoIm-cy-amb GI PohnXhyh--bmb
Ckvemanse BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-fnsemw Ir{Xnaw ImWn-p-sImv, at-sXmcp
416
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
PohnX hyh--sb-mfpw ]n]-m sIm-cp-Xm-Xpw, `mcw IqSn-bXpambn

hcpnov sshIr-Xhpw sshI-eyhpw bpn-c-ln-X-hp-amn amnbncn-p-Ibm-W-h. DZm-l-cW-ambn PqX--ss{I-kvX-h--ssl-h-cpsS BtLm-j-smw
temIv samw GIXzamWp--sX-n apkvenwI-fpsS t\mv, s]cp-m-fp-Isfmw hyXykvX Zn\--fn-emWv sImp-\-S-p--Xv. Npcp--n Ckvemanse
P-\-\w, hnhm-lw, acWw- XpS-n-bhsbmw Ffphpw efn-Xhpw \oXn-bp--hpamWv Fncns, Cv apkvenwI-fpsS CS-bn CsXmw, \nco-izchmZn-I-fp-tS-Xnt\-m {]bm-khpw `mcwIqSn-bXpw \oXn-c-ln-Xhpw bpn-c-ln-X-hp-ambn amnbncnp-I-bmWv Amlp sImp If Cu a\p-jy-n-im-Np-. Amlphns GIamK-amb Ckvemans\ Ccn hnI-e-amn Ah-X-cn-n-p-Xv ImcWw ap
P\X Ckveman-s\-p-dnpw; Ckvemw, Jp-B Fo-t]-cp-I tIp-Xv t]mepw
Ahv Ad-pw shdp-papXmn amn-bn-cn-p-p. AAvdm^v: 44-51, Xu_: 2324,
123, lqZv: 18-22 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
4.
\mw CXn\papv Hcp ZqX-s\bpw At-l-ns P\-X-bpsS `mj-bn-emsX Ab-nn. Atlw Imcy- hy--ambn Ahsc shfn-hmp--Xn\v th-n-bmWXv. Atm Amlp Ah Dt-in-p-hsc hgn-]n-g-n-p-p, Ah Dt-in-p--hsc kamKn-te-mp-p. Ah AP--\mb bpn-- XsbmIpp.
\lv: 43-44, \mw \n\papv Znhy-t_m-[\w \Insmv ]pcp-jamsc

AmsX {]hm-N-Iam-cmbn Ab-n-n. \nv Adn-hn-s-n thZns
Bmhv Adn-bp--h-tcmSv tNmZnv t\mp-I. hy-amb sXfn-hp-I-fpw, thZ-{KfpwG-Sp-I-fpwsImmWv Ahsc Ab-n-p--Xv. \n\v \mw Cu ZnIv
JpB\ns BibwAh-X-cn-n-Xv \o P\-pthn FmtWm Ah-X-cnn-s-Xv AXv Ahv shfn-hm--p--Xn-\pw, tI-h tI-h ap--h-cn-tev
Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xn\pw thn-bm-Wv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. \lv: 102-, Cu
Jp-B hnizm-kn-I-fm-b- Hcp P\Xsb Dd-nv \np--Xn\pthn, ey-tmSp-IqSn, ]cn-ip-m-mhv aptJ\ \ns DS-a-bmb \mY-\n\nv Cd--s--Xm-Ipp.
AXv kkzw Am-lp-hn\v ka]n apkvenwIv kamKhpw ip`-hmmZm-b-I-hp-amWv Fv \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm I]np-p. 103, \nbw Cu JpB Ahs\ ]Tn-n-p-Xv Hcp a\p-jy-\msWv Ah ]d-bp-Xv \mw Adn-np-v. Fm AXv ]Tn-n-p--hs `mjbmIs A\d-_nbpamIpp, CXm-Is
hyamb Ad_n `mj-bn-ep--Xp-amWv. kXy-\n-tj-[n-I, \_nv Jp-B ]Tnn-p-Xv thZ-]-cn-m-\ap Fm Ad_n `mj-bn kv^pS-X-bn-m Nnecm-sWv Btcm-]n-n-cp-p. AXn\v adp-]-SnbmbnsmmWv Cu kqw AhXcn-Xv. Fm ap Nne ka-b--fn Ah ]d-n-cp-Xv, CXv R-fp-sSbpw
\nsbpw `mj-bn-emWv. \o hmZnpwt]mse CXv Am-lp-hn \np-Xm-sW
n Ad-_n-b
- m at-sX-nepw `mj-bn Cd-s
- -tS-X
- t? Fp AhcpsS
tNmZy-n\v adp-]-Sn-bm-bn-mWv ^pkzn-e-v: 44-mw kqw Ah-X-cn-n--Xv. Amlp
C_vdmlow (14)
417
]d-bp-p: \mw Cu Jp-B\ns\ Ad-_n-b-m A-Pv\-_n `mjbn Ah-X-cn-n-ncp-p-sh-n Ah ]d-bpI X sNpw: FmWv AXnse kq- kv]jvSam-Im-Xv? CsX-smcp ]pXpa! Ad-_n-Iv APv\_n `mj-bn-ep Jp-B
Ah-X-cn-n-n-cn-ppthm? Ah-tcmSv ]d-bpI: hnizm-kn-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xv AXv
kamKhpw tcmK-i-a-\-hpw Xsbm-Wv. Xu_: 115, bq\p-kv: 94, lqZv: 1, bqkp^v:
111, dAvZv: 36-37, C_vdm-low: 12 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
5.
\nbw \mw aqkmsb, \psS ZrjvSm---tfmSpIqSn Xs P\s

A-Im-c-fn \nv {]Im-i-n-tev ]pd-s-Sp-hn-p-I-bpw, Amlp-hns N-cn-{X{][m\-amb Zn\ Ahsc Hman-n-p-Ibpw sNpI
Fp]d-p-sImv, \ntbm-Kn-n-p-v. \nbw AXn Gsd a
]men-p- \n {]I-Sn-n-p- Fm Hmtcmcppw [mcmfw ZrjvSmfp-v.
ZrjvSm-- sImp-t-in-p--Xv, AAvdm^v: 132-135 kq--fn ]d

kw`-h--fm-Wv. B P\-X-sbbpw A-Im-c--fn\nv {]Im-i-n-tev \bn-m\mWv Amlp aqkmsb ZrjvSm---fp-ambn \ntbm-Kn--Xv. Ah-km\w B P\XbpsS ]cn-WnXn kXy-hn-izmknIv t\-hpw, kXy-\n-tj-[n-Iv tIm-hp-ambn-cp-p. FXpt]mse a-bn-ep hnizm-kn-Ipw, C\n Ay\m hsc-bp
hnizm-kn-Ipw Xs-bmWv Ana hnP-bw. \ntj-[n-I F{X kwL-_-e-apm-bmepw Ah ]cm-P-b-s-SpI Xs sNp-sapw, ]qnI kw`-h--fn\nv
]mTw ]Tnp-sImv a ssIsm-m\pw, \n- {]-I-Sn-n-p--h-cm-Im\pw kXyhn-izm-kn-Isf DWp-I-bpam-Wv ChnsS. bq\p-kv: 88-92, 103, dAvZv: 22-25 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI.
6.
aqkm Xs P\-X-tbmSv ]d-Xpw kvac-Wo-b-am-WvAmlp- \n-fpsS-ta- sNmcn A\p-{K-l- \n Hman-p-hn^n-Hu

{]`r-Xn-I-fn \nv Ah \n-sf c-s-Sp-n-bXv kvacn-p-I.
Ah \nsf ITn-\-ambn inn-p-I-bpw, \n-fpsS Bk-m-\sf sImp-sIm-n-cn-p-I-bpw, kv{XoIsf Pohn-m hnSp-I-bp-ambn-cpp sNbvXn-cp--Xv. AXn \nv \n-fpsS \mY-\n \nv
hn ]co--W-w Xs-bmWp-m-bn-cp-Xv.
_Jd: 49, AAv-dm^v: 141 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
7.
\n-fpsS \mY {]Jym-]n-Xpw kvacn-p-I\nbw \n \nbp-h-cm-hp-I-bm-sW-n \nv \n- {]-I-Sn-n-m IqSp-X

Ahkcw \IpI Xs sNpw. A; \n \ntj-[n-I-fm-hp-I-bmsW-n \nbw Fs in AXn-I-Tn\w Xs-bm-Wv.
\n {]I-Sn-n-p--hv IqSpX \n- {]-I-Sn-n-m-\p Ah-kcw Hcp-n-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
sIm-Sp-p-Xpw, Ahv IqSp-X A\p-{K-l- sNmcnpsImSp-p-XpamWv
Fw. B-en-Cw-dm: 136 t\mpI. \n-tISv ImWn-p \ntj-[n-Iv Ah
km-Zn--Xn-\p inbpw \Ip--XmWv. B-en-Cwdm: 182, bq\pkv: 26-27, dAvZv:
418
8.
aqkm ]dp: \nfpw `qan-bn-ep apgp-h BfpIfpw \ntj-[n-pI- b m- s W- nepw, Atm \nbw Amlp sFizcy- h m- \ mb
kvXpXyl\mIp-p.
AXm-bXv BIm-i--sfbpw `qan-sbbpw Ah-n-S-bn-ep Fm hkvXp-sfbpw Cm-bvabn\nv Bdp-\m-fp-I-fnembn krjvSn--h-\m-Wv Amlp. Ankm-Av: 130135 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. Atm Bsc-nepw \n {]I-Sn-n-v, JpB\ns Bibw D]-tbm-Knv Pohn-X-eyw Xncn-dnv ChnsS kzKw ]Wn-bpp-sh-n AXns KpWw Ah\v Xs-bm-Wv. A; _pn-i-n- \In-bnv
AXp]tbm-Kn-msX, Pohn-X-eyw Xncn--dn-bm-sX, kzbw Xncn--dn-bmsX \ntISv
ImWn-p-sIm-p PohnXw \bn-p-I-bm-sW-n AXns tZmjhpw Ahv
Xs-bmWv. A-Avdm^v: 178179, dAvZv: 25 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
9.
\n-v apv Ign-p-t]mb \qlns P\X-, BZv P\-X-, YaqZv

P\X XpS-n-b-h-cpsS hrm-- \nv e`n-n-n-stbm?
Ahp-tijw h \nc-h[n kap-Zm-b-fp-sS-bpwAh-scp-dnv
Am-lp-hn\v am{X-a-msX Adn-bp-I-bn-A-h-cpsS ZqXam hyamb sXfn-hp-Ifpw kt-ihpwsImv Ah-cn hp. Atm Ah
X-fpsS ssII hmbn XncpIn, Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp:
\nbw Fpw sImmtWm \n- Ab--s-n-p-f-f-Xv, AXns\
R \ntj-[n-p-p. \nbw \n Rsf GsXm-cp-h-\ntemtWm hnfn-p-Xv Ahs Imcy-n R Xocm- kwibn-epam-Ip-p.
lqZv: 62, 118-119, bqkp-^v: 102110 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Jp-B Fn-d-Xpw ]d-bm--Xp-amb [mcmfw {]hm-N-Iam hn-p-sv apAvan: 78-epw
Ah Fm-hcpw hy-amb sXfn-hp-I-tfmSv IqSns-bmWv hn-p-Xv, Ahtcm-sSmw Xpemkmb {Khpw Cd-n-bn-psv l-ZoZv: 25epw ]d-n-p-v.
sXfnhv sImpw {Kw sImpw Xpemkv sImpw Dt-in-p-Xv Cv Jp-B\ns Bibw Xsbm-Wv. A-qd: 17 t\mp-I.
{]hm-N-Iam h-tm-sgmw \ntj-[n-I-fmb P\X Ah-cpsS ssII
hmbn XncpIn Fp]- d - Xn\npw, Rsmpw ]d- b m- \ n- ,
Rsmpw tIt, \n adp-]-Sn-bln-m hgn-tI-Sn-em-Ipp,
\n {`mv ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv, AXnhnsS an-cp-Xv Fmbn-cpp Ah-cpsS \ne]msSp a\-n-em-mw. {]hm-N-Iam-tcmSv A\p-hn CtX \b-w Xs-bmWv
C_vdmlow (14)
419
Cv Jp-B-\ns Bibw Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv, ^pJm: 18epw,
^Xlv: 12epw sI P\X Fv hnti-jn-n apkvenwIp-ap-Xv. Xu_: 69-70
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I. Cpw JpB\ns Bibw ]d-bp-tm AXv t\cnv
tIm--h am{X-amWv As\ ]d-bm ]mSn-, Cs\ ]d-bm ]mSn
Fsms ]d-bp--Xv. tIp-sIm-n-cn-p Hcmv AXns\ FXnmt\m
hnain-mt\m km[y-am-hp-I-bn-. ImcWw AXv Am-lp t\cnv kwkm-cn-pIbm-Wv. GXv ]nimNpw Am-lp-hns krjvSn-bm-sWncns Amlp kwkm-cnp-tm au\w Zon-pI F-msX FXnm Xp\nbpI-bn-. Npcp--n
Jp-B ]d-bp--hsc FXnp--h kzbw kam-[m\w CmXmp-I-bmWv
sNp-Xv. bq\pkv: 15-16, lqZv: 120, dAvZv: 27-28 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
10.
Ah-cpsS {]hm-N-Iam Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-p: BIm-i-`q-an-Isf Cmbva-bn \nv hncn-n-p-m-nb Am-lp-hns Imcy-n-emtWm
\nv kwibw? \n-fpsS Ip s]mdppXcp--Xn\pw, Hcp
\nnX Ah-[n-hsc \nsf ]nn-n-p--Xn\pw thn-bm-Ipp
Ah \nsf Wn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv. Ah adp-]Sn \In:
\n Rsftmep a\p-jycmsXb, R-fpsS ]nXm-am
C_m-Zv sNbvXncp--hsbsmv Rsf XS-bm-\mWv \n Dtin-p--Xv. icn, \n Rv hy-amb h {]am-Whpw
sImp-h-cnI.
Cs apkvenwIsftmse Fm-epw inv sNbvXn-cp--h Amlp-hns AkvXnXzw AwKo-I-cn-n-cpXmbn ImWmw. BcmWv BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS
{kmhv Fv tNmZn-m Am-lphmsWv Ah adp-]Sn ]d-n-cp-p. Cu
ASn-m-\-n-emWv {]hm-N-Iam tNmZn-p--Xv, Fn \nv GXpImcyn-emWv kwibw? BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hn\pthn am{Xw PohnWw F-msX as-n-te-mWv \nsf R Wn-p--Xv. Am-lphns Imcy-n-emtWm C\n \nv kwi-bw! \n-bn--s \nnX Ah[n
FXv sImp-t-in-p-Xv hyn-Isf kw_-n-nStmfw ac-Whpw samw
a\p-jysc kw_-nv Ay-Zn-\hpamWv. Hcp P\X Jp-B-\ns Bibw D]-tbmKnv Ah-cpsS PohnXw {Ia-s-Spn kzbw amdp-Ibm-sW-n bq\pkv: 98- ]d
bq\p-kns P\-Xs
- b-tmse Ah-cpsS Ah[n ]nn-n-p-Xpw Ahv PohnXhn`h- \Ip--Xp-am-Wv. bqkp-^v: 100, lqZv: 109110,116-117,123, dAvZv: 11 hni-Zo-IcWw
t\mp-I.
11.
Ah- c psS ZqXam Ah- t cmSv ]d- p: \nbw R-

\nsftmep a\pjy-c-msXb. ]t Amlp Ahs ASna-I-fn Ah Cn-p-hsc A\p-{K-ln-p-p. Am-lp-hns
thpI IqSmsX \nsmcp {]amWwZr-jvSmw sImp-h-cnI
Rv km[yhp-a. Atm Am-lp-hnam{XamWv hnizmkn-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
420
I `c-ta]n-t--Xv.
Ilv^v: 110-, Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm I]np-p: \nbw Rm
\nsftmep a\p-jy am{X-am-Ip-p. F\nv Znhy-ktiw e`n-n-p-v, \nbw
\n-fpsS Cemlv GI\mWv. Atm BcmtWm Xs \mYs\ Ip-ap--W-sav
B{Kln-p--Xv, Ah kI- sNs, Xs \mY-\p C_m-Z-n
Pohn-X-n Ah Bscbpw ]v tNm-Xn-cn-pIbpw sNs. X-f-sS- \mY-\n `c-ta]n hnizm-kn-I-fp-sS-ta ]nim-Nn\v bmsXmcp kzm[o-\hpw A-[nImchpw Csv \lv: 99- ]d-n-p-v. ]n-im-Nn-\v a\p-jy-cn bmsXmcp
kzm[o-\hpw Dm-bn-cp-n-sv Ah Xs hnNm-c-Wptijw ]d-bpcwKw
C_vdm-low: 22- ]d-n-pv. Atm ZrjvSm-hpw {]am-W-hp-samw shfn-hmp- Xv Amlp am{X- a m- W v . A- K m- _ p: 11- 13 kq- - f n, Am- l phnsthpI IqSmsX Hcmpw Hcp ZpcnXw _m[n-p-n-, BcmtWm Am-lphn hniz-kn-Xv Ahs lrZ-bs Ah kamK-n-te-m-p-p. Amlp
Fm Hmtcm Imcyspdnpw Adn-bp k--\-tm, \n Am-lp-hns\bpw Ahs ZqX-s\bpw A\p-k-cn-p-I. Atm C\n \n ]nn-cn-bp-I-bmsW-n \nbw \psS ZqXs _m[yX ktiw hy-ambn Fnv Xc
am{X-am-Ip-p. Amlp, Ah-\-msX Hcp Cem-lp-an-. Atm hnizm-kn-I Amlp-hn am{XamWv `c-ta]n-p-I Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Xu_: 51, bqkp-^v: 38, dAvZv:
12.
R Fn\v Am-lp-hn `c-ta]n-m-Xn-cn-Ww? Xo-bmbpw

Ah RfpsS amK--sfmw kamK-n-emnbn-pv F-ncn-s. \n R-sf D]-{Z-hnv sImn-cn-pXv Xo-bmbpw
R an- pIXs sNpw. Atm `tc- t a]n- p- - h
Amlphn am{Xw `c-ta]n-t--Xm-Ip-p.
"RfpsS amK--sfmw Ah kamK-n-emnbn-pv' Fv ]d-Xns hnh-, {]hm-N-Iam-cpsS \Sw, Ccp-w, InSw Fn-h-sbmw Xs
Am-lp-hns \ntZ-i-a-\p-k-cn-mWv Fm-Wv. AAv-dm^v: 194-195, bq\pkv: 71,
lqZv: 53-56, bqkp^v: 2223, 67 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
13.
kXy-\n-tj-[n-I Ah-cntev \ntbm-Kn {]hm-N-Iam-tcmSv ]dbpIbpw sNbvXp: \nbw \nsf R R-fpsS \mn\nv
]pd-m-pI Xs sNpw, As-n \nsf R-fpsS Po-hn-X-Ncy-bn-te-v XncnpsImp-h-cnI Xs sNpw. Atm Ah-cpsS
\mY Ahv Znhy-k-tiw \In\n-bw \mw A{I-an-Isf \inn-pI Xs sNpw.
A^m: 30 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. "As-n \nsf R-fpsS Po-hnX-N-cy-bn-te-v XncnpsImp-h-cnI Xs sNpw' Fv \ntj-[n-I ]d--Xn
C_vdmlow (14)
421
\nv {]hm-NI
- Xz]Zhn e`n-p-X
- n\papv {]hm-NI
- am X-fpsS kap-Zm-b
- ns
hgn-]n-g Ncy-I-fn Ds]-n-cppshv CXn\an-. adnv Ah `qcn-]-ns Pohn-X
- n\nv AI-p- sImv au\amb PohnXw \bn-ncpp. As\
P\--fn\nv AIv GIm PohnXw \bn-p--h-cm-bn-cp-p Ah. CtX Bhiymw \_n lndmKpl-bn t]mbtmgmWv Po_vco aptJ\ {]Im-i-am-Ip
Jp-B Ah-X-cn-p InnbXv. XpSv \_n P\-sf {]Im-i-n-tev hgn-ImWn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. lqZv: 17 apl-Zv \_n-bpsSbpw, 28 \qlv \_n-bpsSbpw,
63- kzm-enlv \_n-bpsSbpw, 88-, ipsF_v \_n-bpsSbpw Cu Ah-sbpdnv
hnh-cn-n-p-v. apv Ah \ne-hn-ep Pohn-XN
- c
- ysb \ntj-[n-p-It- bm, GsXnepw
Pohn-X-N-cy-bn-tev {]t_m-[\w sNp-Itbm sNbvXn-cp-n-. AXn-\m Ahcpw
X-fpsS Pohn-XN-cy-bn Xs-bm-sWv P\- [cn-n-cp-p. ]noSv Ah
{]hm-N-I-Xz-ns D-c-hm-Zn- \n-ln-m XpS-n-b-tm(Jp-B\ns
Bi-b-n-tev hnfn-m XpS-n-b-tm) Ah ]qn-I-cpsS aX-n\nv
]pd-p-t]mbn Fv A-h Btcm-]n-p. hmkvX-h-n {]Ir-Xn-bn \ne-sImpI-bm-bn-cp Ah {]hm-N-I-Xzn\pappw Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-c-mh-Imifn ]v tNp--h-cpsS Pohn-X-N-cyIfn-sempw Ds]n-cp-n-. Fn-cns, Ah bYm aX-n\nv ]pd-p-t]mbn F Btcm-]-W-n\v Fv
hne-bm-Wp-Xv? apl-Zv \_n hcp--Xn\papv B P\X hy-amb hgn-tI-Sn-embn-cpp Fv PpapA: 2epw, Ben-Cw-dm: 164--epw ]d-n-p-v. kPZ: 23 kqfn, \n\v apsmcp ap-dn-bnpIm-c hn-n-m P\-Xsb Cu kXy-amb
Jp-BsImv ap-dn-bnv \Ip--Xn-\pw, Ah kamK-n-em-Ip--Xn\pw
thn-bmWv CXv Ah-X-cn-n-n-p-Xv Fp]-d-bp-p. bmko: 56 kq-fn,
]nXm-am-cm ap-dn-bnv \I-s-Sm-Xv ImcWw {]b-h-cmbn amdnb
Hcp P\-Xsb \o CXpsImv ap-dn-bnv \Ip--Xn\v thn- AP-\pw Icp-Wmhm-cn-[n-bp-am-b-h-\n \nv Cd--s-Xm-Ipp Cu Jp-B Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
\lv: 112113 kqfn, Amlp Hcp \mSns D]a D-cn-p-Xv {in-p-I,
B \mSv imn-bnepw kam-[m-\nepambncpp, Fm-cw `-W-hn-`-h-fpw
\m\m-`m-Kv \npw B \mn-tev hp-sIm-pan-cp-p. Fm Ah Am-lphns A\p-{K-ls \ntj-[n-p. Atm Amlp Ahsc hni-n-sbpw `bnsbpw hkv{Xw AWn-bn-pAh DXv]m-Zn-nv sImn-cp--Xn\v {]Xn-^-eambnsmv. Ah-cn-tev Ah-cpsS ZqXam hn-p-m-bn-cp-p, Ah Atls If-hmn Xn--d-p. As\ Ah A{I-an-I-fm-bncns in Ahsc
]nSn-Iq-Sn Fp ]-d-n-p-v. AAvdm^v: 95-96, 205, bq\p-kv: 102-103, lqZv: 101-102,
bqkp-^v: 110, C_vdmlow: 24 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-tam, Camtam Cm Ah--bn Fgppw hmb\bpw Adn-bm--h GsX-nepw ac-ns aqn ISnp]nSn-p-sImv acWwhsc
\ne-sImW-sa-mWv lpssZ-^p bam-\n-bpsS tNmZy-v adp-]Sn \Insmv \_n ]Tn-n-np--Xv. Fgppw hmb\bpw Adn-bp--h Jp-B\n-s
Bibw AWp-]-tbm-Knv ISnp]nSnv \ne-sIm--W-sav "l-p hnZm-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
C' Xs \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. AAvdm^v: 206 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI
422
14.
Ahp tijw \nsf \mw `qan-bn A[nhkn-n-pI Xs

sNpw. AXmIpp Fs m\s `b-s-Sp-Ibpw, Fs kn-[nbn Dcw t_m[n-n-tnhcpsa hmKvZs `b-s-Sp-I-bpw
sNp--htcmSp hmKvZ-w.
Cu \ntj-[nI- ]d-bp-p: \nsf Cu \mn Pohn-m k-Xn-p-Ibn.

Fm Amlp {]hm-N-IamtcmSpw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw ]d-bpIbmWv: \n
`b-s-ScpXv, A-{I-an-Iv Cu \mn Pohn-m km[y-a-. Atm \nfn
BcmtWm DS-abmb Xs \mYs\ A\p-kcnpI, Ah-cm-bn-cnpw ChnsS
PohnpI. A-q: 55, \n-fn \np hnizm-kn-Ifpw kIa- A\pjvTn-p-Ibpw sNp--htcmSv Amlp hmKvZw sNbvXn-pv. \nfpsS app-hsc `qan-bnse {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-n-bXv t]mse Ah-scbpw `qan-bnse {]Xn-\n-[nI-fm-pI Xs sNpw, Ah CjvS-s-Sp PohnXcoXn \S-n-em-m Ahv
Ah-kcw \IpI Xs sNpw. Ah-cpsS `b-n\v tijw Ahv kpc-n-XXzhpw kam-[m-\-hp-ambn amn-a-dn-pI Xs sNpw. \n Fn Hn-s\bpw
]v tNmsX, Ah F\nv thn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-cm-hIs, BcmtWm
AXn\v tijw \ntj-[n-Xv Atm Ah X-s-bmWv sXm-Sn-I Fv ]dn-pv. An-bm-Av: 105, \nbw `qan A\--cm-h-Im-i-sa-Sp-pI \psS
k-\--fmb ASn-a-Ifm-sWv A\p-kva-c-W-n\v tijw k_q-dn tcJ-s-SppI Xs sNbvXn-p-v. Atm BcmtWm hmKvZs `b-s-Sp-Xv Ahsc
Cu Jp-B sImv DWpI Fv ]d-p-sIm-mWv Jm^v: 45 Ah-km-\np-Xv. AAvdm^v: 128-129, Xu_: 7172, bq\pkv: 103, bqkp^v: 53 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
15.
Ah Xocp-am\w Bh-iy-s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-p. Fm Xocp-am\w

hm [nmcnI-fmb Fm tkzm-[n-Im-cn-Ifpw ]cm-Pb-s-SpXpamWv.
a- b nse kXy- \ n- t j- [ n- I \_ntbmSv ImWn- n- c p A{I- a - ] - c - a mb

FXnpIv adp-]Sn \Ip-I-bm-Wn-hn-sS. ]q-Ime {]hm-N-Iam-cp-sSbpw AhcpsS P\-X-bpsSbpw kw`-h-- A\p-kva-cn-np--XneqsS am apivcnpIsfbpw
Ay-\m hsc-bp [n-m-cn-I-fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sfbpw CXn-eqsS XmoXv
sNp-IbmWv. \_n- sImph Jp-B\
- ns Bi-bw D]-tbm-Ks
- -Sp-n P
- o-hnpIbm-sW-n \nn-hnsS imnbpw kam-[m-\]
- qW-hp-amb Hcp PohnXw e`npw.
AXv Hgnhmp-I-bm-sW-n-tem, \n-fpsS t]cpw Ipdnbpw Xs ChnsS \nv
]q-ambpw XpSp\o-s-SpIbpw sNpw. Awkv: 7-8 kq--fn, BmhmWv AXns\ kp-e-\-s-SpnbXp-amWv kXyw, Hmtcm Bm-hn\pw AXns
ZpamKhpw kamKhpw \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp Fv ]d-Xn\v tijw, 910
Bm-hns\ Xncn--dnv AXns\ ipo-I-cn--h hnP-bn-p, AXns\ Xncn--dn-
C_vdmlow (14)
423
bmsX Zpjn-n--h ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp Fv ]d-n-p-v. Fm [nmcnI-fmb tkzOm-[n-Im-cn-Ifpw ]cm-Pbs--h-cmWv Fv Xu_: 55s hni-Zo-I-c-Wn hmbn-mw. A^m: 19, lqZv: 68, 116-117 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Cv `qan AXns kpe-\-n \ne-\nm-\pw, cwNnpXv Hgnhmn a\p-jy-cpsS sFIyw m]n-p--Xn-\pw, `qan-bn imnbpw kam-[m-\hpw
Dm-p--Xn\pw D]-bp--amb GI D]-I-cWw Jp-B\ns Bibw am{X-am-Wv.
AXv kzbw D]-tbm-Kn-msXbpw ap--hv Fnp sImSp-m-sXbpw `qansb
\in-nm [rXnImWnp-, ako-lp--m-ens\ B\-bn-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-ItfmSv Amlp ]d-bp-I-bmWv: \n Cu {]hWX XpSm, `qan-bn Fm
Poh-Pm-e-fpw Am-lp-hns\ hmgvp-Xv Cm-Xm-n-b-Xn-\pIqSnbp ]m]-`mcw
hln-tnhcpw. A^m: 20-33, Xu_: 125 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
16.
C\n AXn\v ]nmse Ah\v \c-Ip-apv. AhnsS tNmcbpw

Nehpw tN Zp\ocn \nv Ah IpSn-n--s-Spw.
17.
AXv sXm- b n- e qsS Cd- m Ah ]Wn- s v sImn- c n- pw.

Fm hfsc _pn-ap-n-bn--msX AXh\v Cd-m Ign-bp-I-bn-.
\m\m-`m-Kp\npw acWw Ahs\ hebw sNpw. Fm Ah
Hpw acn-p-I-bn-. AXn\v ]nmse tLmc-amb in Ahs\
hebwsNpw.
Jp-B Inn-bnv AXns Bibw a\-n-emn ]n]-m {ian-m

Ip^v^m-dp-I-sf-bpw, Bibw hfsmSnv P\-sf Am-lp-hns amK-n\nv
XncnphnSp- A{I-anIsfbpw [nm-cn-I-sfbpw ac-W-tm-Sp-IqSn \c-I-n-tev
Xn-hn-Sp--Xm-Wv. AhcpsS J_ PohnXw \c-In \np Hcp XoIp-WvUam-bn-cn-p-w Fv \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. hn[nZn-h-kw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifmb t\Xmam hnNm-cW IqSmsX \c-I-n-tev t]mIp--Xm-Wv. An-km-Av: 145 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I. \ntj-[n-Ifmb A\p-bm-bn-I hnNm-c-Wv tijhpw \c-In-tev sXfn--sSp--XmWv(kp-a: 71). B \c-I-n Ah ]c-kv]cw ]gnNm- c p- - X mWv , Ah- c psS Xs sXmenI Dcp- I nb, tNmcbpw Nehp--a mWv
AhhnsS IpSn-m \Ip-I. kzmZv: 55-58, \n-b-ambpw XmKq-n\v hnt[b-ambn Pohn--hv Ghpw Zpjn aS--am-Wp-Xv, \c-IIpWvUn-e-h thhn-sSpIXs sNpw Atm F{X Zpjn sXmn-ep-I. Npps]mp shw,
tImp XWp-p shw AXv t]mse tPmSn-I-fm-b ap NneXpw Ah cpNnp-I-Xs sNpw Fv ]d-n-pv.
apAv-an-\q: 103-- 111 BcmtWm X-fpsS `mcw eLq-I-cn-Xv Aq-
XsbmWv Ahsc \jvS-s-Sp-n-b-hcpw \c-I-p-n imiz-Xcpw, Ah-cpsS apJw
\c-Io XnpIX-s-sNpw, Ahc-Xn ]n-fn-h
- c
- mbn \ne-sImpIbpw sNpw,
Amlp Ah-tcmSp tNmZnpw \nv Fs kq- hni-Zo-Ic
- nv Xnpm-
424
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
bn-cp-n-t, Atm \n AXns\ Xn--dp sImt-bn-cp-p! Ah adp]Sn

]dbpw: R-fpsS \mYm, R-fpsS `mKytZmjw Rsf Iog-Sn, \nbw
R hgn]ng HcpP\X Xs- b m- b n- c p- p. R- f psS \mYm Rsf
ChnsS\nv Hv ]pdv IS-n-bmepw, C\n R ]gb Pohn-X-n-tev Xs
aSp-I-bm-sW-n \nbw R, A{I-an-I Xs-bm-bn-cn-pw. Amlp
]dbpw: \n-f-Xn \ny-cmbn Ign-p-Iq-SpI, \nsftmSv Hpw kwkm-cnt. \nbw, Fs ASn-a-I-fn Hcp hn`mKw Cs\ {]mn-p--h-cp-mbn-cp-p. "R-fpsS \mYm \nbw R hniz-kn-n-cn-pp, Atm Rv
\o s]mdp-p-X-cn-Ibpw Rsf \o A\p-{K-ln-p-Ibpw sNt-W-ta, \nbw \o
Imcp-Wy-hm-amcn Gw D-a-\patm' Atm \n Ahsc tami-s--hcmbnp, \nsf Ah Fs-p-dnv ad-n-p-Xv hsc, (Jp-B-\ns BfpIsfp ]d-p) Ifn-bm-p--h-cp-am-bn-cp-p. \nbw CtZnhkw am-ep--fmbn
\nesIm-Xn-\v \mw Ahv X-Xmbn {]Xn-êw \Ipw, \nbw Ah am{XamWv hnP-bn-I. Jp-B-\nse aqn-semv kq- ]c-tem-Iv hcm-\n-cnp Ccw cwK--sfmw hni-Zo-I-cn-pXmWv . Fm Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX
IgpX `mcwt]dp-Xvt]mse Jp-B\ns\ Npa-p--h am{X-amWv B \c-I-n
Ipn-\n-d--s-Sm-\p--h-scv Ah Adn-bp-n. Ahcpw Ah-cpsS t\Xm-fpw
\c-I-n ]c-kv]cw ]gn-pi-WvT-Iq-Sp cwKw _Jd: 166-167 s hni-Zo-I-cW-n hmbn-p-I. An-km-Av: 5556, AAvdm^v: 3738, Xu_: 81-82, 95, bq\pkv:
54, dAvZv: 18 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-pI.
18.
X-fpsS \mYs\ \ntj-[n--h-cpsS D]-a, Ah-cpsS {]h-\-sfmw Hcp\mfnse sImSp-m-n ]mdndp-t]mb sho t]msebm-Ip-p. Ah- Cl-n km-Zn--sXmpw Xs Ahv D]tbm-K-s-Sp-m km[n-p-I-bpan-. AXv Xs-bmIpp hnZq-c-amb
hgn-tI-Sv.
{]h-\- kzoI-cn--s-Sm\pw, {]m-\-p-cw e`n-m\pw hnizmkn-If

- mh-Ww. hnizm-kn-If
- m-hm Jp-B\ns Bi-ba
- mb, _-Jd: 2,38,185 ]d
kamKw ]n]-t--Xp-v. AXn-msX \a-kvImcw, t\mv XpS-nb I-sfmpw kzoI-cn-p-I-bn-sv am{X-a-, Ahv ^pJm: 65 {]Imcw ]ng-bmbn
\cIpw e`n-p-X
- p-am-Wv. ^pJm: 23-, Jp-B kq- kanp
Am-lp-hns\ Ip-apn Dcw ]d-tb-n-h-cp-sa t_m[-an-m-sX Pohn-p-hcpsS {]h-\--sfmw Ah-cp-sS apn Hcp-an-p-Iq-p-sapw, Jp-B-\ns
Bi-bw-sImv "Amlv' F kvac-W-bn-m--Xn-\m AsXmw Imn]-dp
s]mSn-]-S-e-amn amp-sapw ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. AAvdm^v: 89, Xu_: 5355, dAvZv: 25, C_vdm-low: 3 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
19.
\nbw Amlp BIm-i--sfbpw `qan-sbbpw kXy-tm-Sp-IqSn ey-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn krjvSn--Xm-sWv \o a\-n-em-p-nt? Ah
C_vdmlow (14)
425
Dt-in-p-I-bm-sW-n \nsf \onfv Xm-\v ]pXnsbmcp krjvSnv Xs sImp-hcpw.

20.
As\ sNpI Amlp-hn\v A-P--am-b Imcy-sam-p-a.
\o a\-n-em-p-nt F tNmZy-n\nv hnizm-kn-I a\-n-em-pnt Fm-Wv tNmZnpsXnepw \ntj-[n-I a\-n-em-p-nt FmWv

hnh. AnbmAv: 30 IqnhmbnpI. _Jd: 29, 119, Ben-Cw-dm: 190192 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mpI. BIm-i`- q-an-Is
- fbpw a\pjy-scbpw ey-tm-Sp-IqSnbmWv krjvSnn-p-Xv. BIm-i-`q-an-Isfpdnpw, Ah-bn-ep Poh-Pm-e-sfpdnpw Nnnv,
Ah-bpsS krjvSn-n-s\bpw kwhn-[m-\-n-s\bpw Ipdnv Btem-Nnv AXns ]nnep {kjvSm-hns\ Is-p-I-bpw, B {km-hns hn[n-hn-e-p-I AwKo-Icnv thWw ChnsS Pohnt--sXv a\-n-empIbpw sNm-Xn-cp-m _pnin \Inb a\p-jy X-bm-bn-cnpw Cl-nse Ghpw \oNs\v A-Avdm^v:
185, A^m: 22 hni-Zo-Ic
- W
-
- n ImWpI. Jp-B\ns Bibw aqSn-shhv
Xs-bmWv Am-lp-hn-sbpw ae-p-I-fp-sSbpw apgp-h a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw im]hpw
tIm]hpsav _Jd: 159-161, 174-176, Ben-Cw-dm: 8591, dAvZv: 25 kq--fn
apdn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. Ah Dt-in-p-I-bm-sW-n \nsf \on--fv
]pXnsbmcp krjvSn-v Xs sImp-h-cp-sav ]d--Xn\v ]pXnb krjvSn-Isf
sImp-h-cp-sapw ]p\P\m \S-n-em-p-sapw Bi-b-ap-v. An-km-Av:
"As\ sNpI Amlp-hn\v A-P--am-b Imcy-sam-p-a' Fv ]d-Xns hnh-, Fm-Im-cyhpw Am-lp-hn\v hfsc Ffp--amWv Fm-Wv. Ben-Cwdm: 59 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. ]p\Pw \S-n-em-p--Xn-s\-p-dnv Ja:
50, \psS I]\ Iv Cashp thK-nepXmsX H- Fv ]dnp-v.
21.
Ah Fm-hcpw Hcp-\m-fn Am-lp-hns apn ad-bn-msX shfns-Sp--Xm-Wv. Av Cl-tem-Iv Zp_-e-cm-bn-cp-- A\p-bm-bn-I

tIaam-cmbn Na t\Xm-tfmSv ]dbpw: \nbw sFlnI
temIv R \n-sfbmbn-cp-tm ]n]-n-bn-cp-Xv, Atm
ChnsS Am-lp-hns in-bn \nv hXpw Rsfsmv
\on-cm \nv km[n-ptam? Ah ]d-bpw: Amlp
Rsf kamK- n- e m- n- b n- c p- p- s h- n \nbw R
\nsfbpw kamKnem-p-am-bn-cp-p. Ctm- ChnsS \mw ]ckv]cw Ie-ln-mepw an-mepw Xpey-am-Ip-p. GXp\nepw \apv
cbpsS amK-sam-p-an-.
ad-bn-msX ]pdphcnI Fp-]-d-m, Cv Am-lp-hn-s\bpw ]nim-Nns\bpw, Ahn-Sps hnNm-c-W-sbbpw, \c-I-sbpw kzK-sbpw Ipdn-smw
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
DmgvN \Ip DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iamb Jp-B\ns Bibw D]-tbm-K-s-Spm-Xn-cp--Xn-\m ]c-tem-Iv Ah-cpsS Cu ad \o-sv Pohn-X-ns Hmtcm
\nan-jhpw Ah-chcpsS ]nc-Sn-bn shn-p I ]pkvX-I-n tcJs-Sp-nb-Xmbn ImWp-w F-Xm-Wv. Ckvdm-Av: 13-14, Ilv^v: 49, kpa: 69 t\mp-I. Av
Fm cl-kyfpw {km-hns apn shfn-s-Sp--Xpam-Wv. ^m-nl: 3
hniZoIcWw t\mp- I . apl- Zv \_nsb Hgnv at- s Xmcp- t \- X m- h ns\- b pw
Aambn ]n]p-I-bpw Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n \nv Adnhv t\Sm {ianmsX X-fpsS Adn-hn-mbva {]I-Sn-n-p-sImv CXc in-I-sfbpw I]-S-hnizm-kn-I-fmb t\Xm-amscbpw A\p-k-cn-p-Ibpw sNp A\p-bm-bn-Iv
]c-tem-Iphcm t]mIp Zmcp-W-amb Ah--sb-p-dn-p Hcp ap-dn-bnmWn-Xv. Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-IbmWv: Cv \n-fpsS Cu t\Xm-am-cpw, BNm-cyamcpw
A[n-Im-cn-If
- p-am-bn-cn-p-h
- c
- p-t- m, \msf Am-lp-hns in-bn\nv Ahv
\nsf cn-p-hm km[y-am-hp-I-bn-. AXn-\m ]nim-Np--fmb Ah \nsf
Fhn-tS-mWv ]nSn-p-h-env sImp-t]m-Ip-Xv Fv _pn-i-n-bp-]-tbm-Knv
Nnnv t\mp-I. ^mnl: 7, AAvdm^v: 175-179, Xu_: 123125, lqZv: 118-119
hniZo-I-cWw t\mpI.
426
22.
hn[n I]n-s
- v Ign-bp-tm ]nimNv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpw: \nbw
Amlp \n-tfmSv bYm-n-ep hmKvZw sNbvXp, Rm\pw
\n-tfmSv hmKvZ-m\- sNbvXp. ]t Rm\Xv ewLn-p. \n-fn
F\nv bmsXmcp kzm[o-\hpwA-[n-Im-c-hpw \nsf Hv hnfnv
t\mpI F-msX Dm-bn-cp-n-. Atm \n Fs hnfnv
Dcw \In. AXn-\m \n Ctm Fs Ip-s-Sp-t-,
\nsf Xs kzbw Ip-s-Spnsmp-I. Rm \nfpsS cI-\, \n Fs c-I-\p-a-. \nbw apv sFlnItemIv
\n Fs Znhy-Xzn ]mfnbmnbXv Rm\nXm \ntj-[npp. \nbw A{I-an-I, Ahv thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in- XsbmWp--Xv.
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mb \njv]--hm-\mb Amlp Fm Hmtcm-cp-pw AhcpsS ZpamKhpw kmKhpw \In-bn-p-sv Aw-kv: 710, _e-Zv: 10, Ckm:
3 kq--fn ]d-n-pv. Hmtcm Bm-hn\pw kzK-nshv Jp-B\ns
Bibw ]Tn-n-n-p-sv Adlvam: 14 kq--fn ]d-bp-p. Jznbma: 14-15
kq--fn, A; a\p-jy Ahs\pdnv icnpw ImgvN-m-Sp-h Xs-bmWv, Ah Fv Hgn-I-gnhv ]d-mepw icn Fp-]-d-n-p-v. bqkp-^v: 108-,
apl-Zv \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm Amlp I]np-p: Rm \nsf hnfn-p-Xv
Am-lp-hn-te-m-Wv. Rm\pw Fs ]n]-n-b-hcpw Hcp ImgvN-m-Sn-em-Wp--Xv.
Atm \n P]n-p ]m-fn--n \nsmw Amlp ]cn-ip--\mIpp. Rm Hcn-epw Ahs A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-fn ]v tNp--h-cn s]h-\-. Jp-B Inn-bnv aqSn-shv \ntj-[n-I \msf \c-I-nshv cp-
C_vdmlow (14)
427
thn tIgp--Xm-Wv, Ah- {]mn-p-Ibpw sNpw: R-fpsS \mYm, Rsf
ChnsS-\nv Hv ]pd-p-I-S-n-bmepw, R apv {]hn-n-cp--X-m
kI- sNbvXp-sIm-mw. Atm Amlp Ah-tcmSv tNmZnpw: Ccw
cwK- \nsf Hmnnncp ap-dn-bn-p-Im hcn-I-bpw, AXv D]-tbm-K-sSp-mth Bbpv \nv e`n-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-nt? AXp-sImv
\n \c-I-in cpNn-p-sIm-p-I, Ccw A{I-an-Iv Hcp klm-bhpw e`np-I-bnXs(^m-Xzn: 37).
A-Bw: 104-, apl-Zv \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm I]np-p: \nv \nfpsS DS-a-bn \np--\n--fpsS \mYs hgnbpw ]nim-Nns hgnbpwXncn--dnbm-\p Dm-gvN-Zm-b-I-amb _kzmC hp-I-gn-p. Atm BcmtWm AXv
D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-b-Xv, AXns KpWw Ah\v Xs. BcmtWm AXp-sIms
AX \Sn--Xv, AXns tZmjw B Bhn\v Xs. Rm \n-fpsS kqn-pIm-c-s\m-p-a-. Atm \c-Ihpw kzK-hp-samw Hmtcm \^vkpw ChnsS ]Wntb-XmWv. Hmtcm \nan-jhpw Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n-eqsS Am-lp-hns\ IpsImv \ne-\np, Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn Pohn-p hnizm-kn-Iv, JpB\ns Bibw Sn-mbn D]-tbm-Knv kzK-n-tev Xs Xncnv t]mIm-hp-Xm-Wv. Fm Hmtcm Bbn-cnepw sXmm-bn-cnn sXmq-sm-Xpw ]nimNns IqsS \c-I-n-tev Xncnv t]mIp--Xp-am-Wv. Fm Hmtcm Bbn-cnepw
sXmm-bn-cnn sXmq-sm-Xnt\bpw ]nimNv ]mn-em-p-sav An-km-Av:
118 hni- Z o- I - c - W - n \_n ]Tn- n- n- p- v . hgn- t I- S n\v Bscbpw]nim- N ns\sbpwIpsSp-m km[y-a-sv Cu kqw ap-dn-bnv \Ip-p.
AAv-dm^v: 172174, Xu_: 124-125, bq\p-kv: 57-58, dAvZv: 18 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
23.
hniz-kn-p-Ibpw kI- A\pjvTnp-Ibpw sNbvXhcmtcm

Ahsc Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS \Zn-I Hgp-In-sm-n-cn-p kzK-qtm-p-I-fn Ah-c-h-cpsS \mYs A\p-a-Xn-tbmSv IqSn {]th-in-n-s-Sp-X
- p-am-Wv. Ah AXn \nXy-hm-kn-If
- pambncnpw. AhnsS
AhtcmSp A`n-kw-t_m-[-\w kam[m\w Fm-bn-cnpw.
kzK-hm-kn-I-tfmSv Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bmb Ah-cpsS \mYs hmv kam-[m\w

Fm-bn-cnpsav bmko: 58- ]d-n-p-v. kpa: 73-, XfpsS \mYs\
lrZ-b-n kqnv Pohn--h-sc hnNm-c-Wptijw kzK-n-tev \bn-ps-Sp--Xm-Wv, As\ Ah-c-hnsS Fn AXns hmXn(ap-l-Zv \_n hv)
Xpd--s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXm, AXns ]mdm-hp-Im Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp-XmWv \nfpsSta kam-[m-\-ap-v, lm \nv awKfw, Atm \n
imiz-X-cmbn Cu kzK-n {]th-in-p-sIm-p-I Fv ktm-j-hm Adnbn-n-pv. AAv-dm^v: 43, bq\pkv: 9-10, dAvZv: 19-24, C_vdm-low: 1 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
24.
Amlp ]cn-iphN-\s Fn-t\m-SmWv D]-an-n-cn-p--sXv \o
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
428
a\-n-empnt? ]cn-ip--amb Hcp hrs t]mse-bm-W-Xv.

AXns thcv Bg-n Bn-d-n-bn-cn-p-p, AXns imJ-I
BIm-iv ]Sv ]-env InS-pIbp-amWv.
]cn- i pamb hN\w sImp- t - i n- p- - X v Jp- B \ns samw
Bibapsm-v sImp ilmZpIen-abmWv. AXns\ D]-an-n-cn-p-Xv
Bg-n thcp, imJ-I ]Sv ]-env \np Hcp hS-hr--tm-SmWv. AXm-bXv Im-Sn-m-sempw AXv IS]pgIn hogp-I-bn, Ddp \npw. hnizmkn-I-fpw AXpt]mse Xs Dd--p\np-hcm-Wv. Fm I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I
Npa- c n Nmcnsh hndIpsImn t]mse- b p- a m- s Wpw, Ah Nmm- - a phcmsWpw, Ahv Bm-hn-msX Poham-{X-am-Wp-ssXpw ap\m-^nJq: 4 ]d-n-p-v. An-km-Av: 142-143 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Ah JpB-\ns samw Bi-b-a-mb CkvemamIp hrs ]nSn-msX sImpw]nSnv
t]mb-h-cpw, samw {K-ns Biban-msX {K-n NneXv FSp-p-Ibpw, ap NneXv Xp-Ibpw sNbvXp-sImv bYm hgn-bn\nv `nnv
hfscZqcw t]mbhcpamsWv _Jd: 176- ]d-n-p-v. ^pkzn-e-v: 30-33 Iqnhm-bn-pI. Ben-Cw-dm: 79, Xu_: 40, dAvZv: 31 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
25.
{]kvXpX hrw Xs \mYs CwKn-X-tm-Sp-IqSn Fm-epw

AXns êw \In-sm-n-cn-p-p. Amlp a\p-jyv thn
Ccw D]aI FSp-p--cn-p-Xv Ah kvacnv ]mT-apsmp--Xn\v thn-bm-Ip-p.
{]kvXpX hrw Am-lp-hns krjvSn-Iv AXns ê-fpw XW-epw \In tkh\w am{Xw \S-p-p. kqcy-{]-Im-i-ns kmn-[y-n A-co-nse Im_ Utbm-IvsskUv hen-sSpv A-P-ap-m-p-tm HmIvknP DXv]m-Zn-n-pI hgn hmbp-hns\ ipo-I-cn-p-p. Atm-gp-m-Ip shw
_mjv]o-I-cnv A-co--ntev Db-cpI hgn B {]tZ-iv ag hjn-m
Imc-W-am-Ipp. IqSmsX AXns thcp-I asm-env XS-bm D]-Im-c-s-Sp-p.
AXpt]mse Fmw sImpw P\-v D]Im-c-{]-Z-amb coXn-bn-em-bn-cnpw hnizmkn-I-fpsSbpwPohn-Xw. Acw hnizm-k-n A[n-n-X-amb Pohn-X-w \bn-p-Xn-\p D]-I-c-W-amWv samw Jp-B\ns Bibw. Atm cw Nnm-Xncn-m-\pw, `qan AXns kp-e-\-n \ne-\nm\pw D]-bp--amb, Ghpw
henb Imcp-Wyamb Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-I-bpw, ]Tn-n-pIbpamWv B
hrstmse tkh\w sNp--hcmIm-\p GI amKw. Ihn hWn-n-pXv t\mpI:
""\n\v hogvN hmepw \n \ shSn-bs \o,
ae Im-tv hoWmepw aW-an-m--XmIptam''?
C_vdmlow (14)
429
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mb Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmb hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kz`m-hamWv apI-fn hnh-cn-ncn-pXv. AAvdm^v: 58, Xu_: 71-72, 112, bq\p-kv: 57-58
26.
t hN-\-ns D]a `qan-bpsS D]-cn-X-e-n \nv ]ngp-sX-dn-b-sSp Hcp t hrstm-se-bpam-Ip-p. AXn\v bmsXmcp thcpd-p-an.
t hN\w ]cn-ip hN-\-n\v t\sc hn]-co-X-am-Wv, hnizm-knIsfbpw

I]-S-hn-izm-knIsfbpw t]mse. kPZ: 18- Amlp tNmZn-p-p: hniz-kn Hcm
I]-S-hn-izm-knsbtmse-bmtWm? Ah ka-am-hp-I-bn. `qan-bn AXns hnv
hnX-m Ftm {ian-mepw Irjn-bn-S--fn hf-cp If-Isftmse Ah
]ngp-sX-dn-b-s-Spw. Am-lp-hns\ adv If, Ahsc Xs adpIf I]Shn-izm-kn-Isf t hr-tm-SmWv D]-an-n-p-X
- v(Xu_: 67-68) Ah ]cn-iphN\-amb Jp-B\ns Bi-bs aqSn-sh-p- sXmSn-I-fm-sWv _Jd: 99-
]d-n-p-v. ]cn-ip hN-\-amb Jp-B\ns\ aqSn-sh--h h[n--s-n-cn-p-sv
A_k: 17epw ap\m-^n-Jq: 4epw ]d-n-p-v. Ah Am-lp-hns i{Xp--fmsWv ^pkzn-e-v: 28- ]d-n-p-v. AAvdm^v: 50-51 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Jp-B\ns Bibw Inn-bnv AXns\ adv Pohn P\XI]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpw,
^pmdp-I-fpw sI P\-X-bm-sWv ^pJm: 18epw, ^Xvlv: 12-epw ]d-npv. ]cn-iphN\w Inn-bnv AXns\ aqSn-sh Ccw {`mams-Xnsc
hn[n-Zn-hkw Jp-B\pw sImphv {]hm-N-I A\ymbw t_m[n-n-p-sav
^pJm: 30-31 ]d-n-p-v. Cv Ccw t-hr-tmSv D]-an-, Xu_:
95 amen-\y-am-sWv ]d sXm-Sn-I h[np-sIm-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. temIs-hn-sSbpw H hnizm-kn-bp-an-msX Ch-cpsS Fw ]qW-am-Ip-tm temIw
Ah-km-\n-p-Ibpw sNp-sav AlvJm^v: 35- ]d-n-p-v. amCZ: 60, AAvdm^v:
175-176, Xu_: 55, 125, dAvZv: 17, C_vdm-low: 18 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
27.
hnizm-kn-I-fm-bn-p--hsc Amlp kpn-c-amb hN\wsImv Clnepw ]c-nepw Ddnv \np-p. A{I-an-I-fm-b-hsc Amlp
hgn-]n-g
- n-pIbpw sNp-p. Amlp Ah Dt-in-p-Xv {]hnp-h\p-amWv.
kpn-c-amb hN\wsImv Dt-in-p-Xv kqw 24- ]d ]cn-ip-amb hN\w Xs-bmWv AYhm Jp-B-\ns Bibw Xs-bmWv. bq\p-kv: 57-58,
99-100, bqkp^v: 111, C_vdm-low: 1, 11 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. X-fpsS \mYs
kq- hf-sm-Sn-p-, aqSn-sh-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw, Ah ]d-bp-Xv
A-ambn ]n]-p, Jp-B\n-s- B-ibw t\mn Xncp-m ^mPn-dp-I-fpamWv
Ghpw henb A{I-an-If
- pw {`mamcpw sXm-Sn-Ifpw [nm-cn-If
- p-sa-msav _Jd:
254, A-Bw: 21, 47, 93, 135, AAvdm^v: 40-41, Xu_: 19, 23-24, 80 bq\pkv: 17, lqZv:
1820 XpS-nb kq--fnsemw ]d-n-p-v. {Ks apdpsInSn--h
430
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
XsbmWv Cl-nepw ]c-nepw hnP-bn-p-I-sbv AAvdm^v: 89, 36, 157, 170,

Xu_: 124, bq\pkv: 103-105, lqZv: 17, kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ]d-n-pv. dAvZv: 2728 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
28.
Am-lp-hns A\p-{K-ls amn-adnv \ntj[nIfmbno Hcp

Iq- c n- t ev \ns {i Xncn- nstbm? Ah X- f psS
P\sqSn Zpjn `h\n-tev B]Xnnp--h-cp-am-Ip-p.
29.
\cIpWvUw, AXneh thhn--sSpw. AsX{X -tam-i-s hmk-ew!
Jp-B-\mWv Am-lp-hns Ghpw henb A\p-{Klw. AAvdm^v: 203, bq\p-kv: 57-58 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Fm AXns Bi-b-samw Adn-nv
kzbw ]n]-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw, km[m-c-W- P\-sf AXn\nv XS-bp-Ibpw sNbvXv
\c-I
- n-tev ]nSnphenv sImp-t]m-Ip I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-Is
- fpdn-mWv ChnsS
Am-lp-hns A\p-{K-l- amn-a-dnv \ntj-[n-I-fmbno Iq Fv ]d-bp-Xv. Xu_: 67-68 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I. _Jd: 159-161, Ben-Cw-dm: 78, hniZo-I-cWw t\m-p-I. AAvdm^v: 176-, Ccw ]WvUn-X-s\bpw Ahs\ ]n]p P\-X-sbbpw D]-{Z-hn-mepw Cs-nepw amwhcm \mb-tbmSv D]-an-n-cnp-p. Jp-B-\ns Bibw Inn-bnv AXv FmWv, Fn-\mWv Fsmpw
Nnn-msX Pohn P\-X-sb-bmWv Ch-scm-cp -sIP\-X Fv hn[n-Zn-hkw
almm A\ymbw t_m[n-n-p--sXv ^pJm: 18 ]d-n-p--Xv.
Acw sI-P-\-X-mWv \cI IpWvU-sav ChnsS ]d--Xv. Pq\pkv: 33, dAvZv:
30.
Ah Amlp-hn\v kaamsc \n-bn-p--A-hs amK-n\nv

P\-sf hgn-]n-g-n-p--Xn\v thn. Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-I: \n
IpdpImew kpJn-p-sIm-p-I. Atm \nbw \n-fpsS aSw
\c-I-n-tev Xs-bm-Ip-p.
kpa: 8 Amlp ]d-bpp: a\pjys\ Hcp ZqcnXw _m[n-m ]qambn Ahs DS-a-bntev Xncnv Ahs\ am{Xw hnfnv {]mn-p-p. ]ns
Ah-\n\n-p Hcp A\p{Klw Ah\v e`n-m, apv Ahs\ hnfnv {]mnn-cp- ImcywXs Ah adpIbpw, Ahs amK-n\nv P\-sf hgn]ng-n-p--Xn\v thn Am-lp-hn\v kaamsc]-I-c-m-sc Dm-p-Ibpw
sNpp. \o ]d-bpI: \ns \ntj-[w-sImv Ipd-p-Imew kpJn-p-sIm-p-I,
\nbw \o \c-I-hm-kn-I-fn s]-h XsbmIp-p. Fm-hscbpw `qan-bn-tev
\ntbmKn-Xv kzKn \nm-Wv. _-Jd: 38, dAvZv: 25 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Atm ChnsS Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn Pohnv, Am-lp-hns\ Pohn-n-hv Jp-B\ns samw Bi-b-amb Sn-s-Spv kzK-n-tev Xs Xncnv
t]mIm-hp--Xm-Wv. hnizmknI ^m-nl: 4mw kqw ]mcmbWw sNptm
C_vdmlow (14)
431
B]ncn Hns amn Ncnph\mtW Fmbncnpw
{]mnpI. Jp-B\ns Bibw Inn-bnv AXv Sn-mbn D]-tbm-K-s-Spm-hcpsS-sbmw aSw \c-I-n-te-p-am-Wv. Atm Hcp hyn-tbmSv \o \cI-n-temWv Fv ]d-bm-\mWv kpa: 8-eqsS Amlp I]n-p--sX-n,
Hcp IqtmSv \n Im^ndpw \c-Im-h-Im-in-I-fp-amWv Fv ]d-bm-\mWv {]hmN-I-t\mSpw hnizm-kn-tbmSpw Cu kqneqsS Amlp I]n-p--Xv. _Jd:
165-167, An-km-Av: 115, lqZv: 118-119, hni-Zo-IcWw t\m-p-I.
31.
hnizm-kn-If
- mb Fs ASn-aI
- t- fmSv{Ib-hn-{I-btam, Nm-tam hnetmhmsmcp \m hcp--Xn\papt \a-kvImcw apd-{]-Imcw \ne\nm\pw, \mw Ahv \Inbn-p-Xv cl-ky-ambpw ]c-ky-ambpw
sNe-h-gn-m\pw \o ]d-bp-I.
_Jd: 254- hnizm-kn-I-sf hnfnv Amlp Cmcyw ]d-n-p-v. ap\m^nJq: 910 kq--fn hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv Amlp ]d-bp-p: \nfpsS
[\tam km-\-tfm Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n\nv \nsf XS-bm-Xn-cn--s.
As\ Bsc-nepw sNbvXm Atm Aq- Xs-bmWv Fmw \jvSsh-. \nfn Hcmv acWw Bk--am-Ip--Xn\v apv \mw \Inb-Xn
\nv \n sNe-h-gn-p-Ibpw sNp-hn. acWw Bk--am-Ip-tm Fs \mYm,
Fs Ah[n Hcp \nnX kabwhsc \on-cnI-bm-sW-n Rm Jp-B\ns\
kXy-s-Spnsmmw, k-\--fn s]p-sImmw Fv \n ]d-bm
CSh-cp--Xn\v apv. kpa: 55-60 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. AAvdm^v: 170, Xu_: 24, bq\pkv:
6264, lqZv: 114, bqkp^v:101, dAvZv: 18 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
32.
BIm-i--sfbpw `qansbbpw krjvSn-h Am-lp-hmIpp. Ah

BIm-ip\nv shand-n, AXp-sImv `qan-bn\nv \nv
`-Wh
- n-`h
-
- f
- mb Fm-Xcw ê-f
- pw DXv]m-Zn-n-p. Ahs I]\-{]-Imcw kap-{Z-n k-cn-p-hm Iep-Isf \nv A[o\-am-n--p, \Zn-I-sfbpw Ah \nv A[o-\-amn Xn-cnp-p.
a\p-jysc \memw L-n `qan-bn \ntbm-Kn-n-p-Xv Ah-cpsS DS-abpw

Fm A\p-{K-l--fpsSbpw ZmXm-hp-amb Amlp Xs-bm-Wv. ChnsS Jp-B\ns Bibw DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iambn D]-tbm-K-s-Spn Ggmw L-n-tep
kzKw ]Wn-bp--Xn\pw \n-bn-n-p Ah[n ]qn-bmn ]WnX kzK-w
A\--cm-h-Im-i-ambn kzoI-cn--ep-amWv PohnXeyw. Fm Ghpw henb
A\p-{K-l-amb Jp-B Inn-bnv Cu eyw apn Iv {]hn-m-Xn-cn-pIbpw ap--hv kamK-amb Jp-B\ns Bibw \Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-h ap--h-cpsS ]m]-`mcw IqSn hlnv \c-I-n-tev t]mtInhcpXpamWv. A-Bw: 26, AAv-dm^v: 37-40, dAvZv: 31 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
432
33.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
IrXy-ambn \nc-cw Nen-p-sIm-n-cn-p kqcy-s\bpw N{-s\bpw
Ah \nv hnt[-b-amnp. cmhn-s\bpw ]I-en-s\bpw
\nv Ah Iogvs-SpncnIbpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p.
kqcy-N-{amsc Iogvs-Spnp As-n hnt[-b-amnp Fp]-d-m, Ahsb a\p-jyv D]-Im-c-s-Sp cq]-n kwhn-[m-\np Fv
am{X-am-Wv. AYhm kqcy-N-{amcpw cmI-ep-Ifpw amdnamdn hcp {]tXyI \nba
hyh--sImv _n-X-am-bn-cp-n-s-n ChnsS PohnXw Xs Zp-l-am-Ip-ambn-cp-p. _Jd: 189, ABw: 96 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. BZw km-\-v
ako-lp--m-ens \mistmse asmcp \mi-hpw hcm\n-s-pw, Ah ]pdsSp Hm-as Znhkw Hcp hj-ns ssZLy-am-bn-cn-p-sa-pw, cm-as
Znh-k-w Hcp amks ssZLy-am-bn-cn-p-sa-pw, aqm-as Znh-k-w Hcm-gvN-bpsS
ssZLyam-bn-cn-p-sa-pw, ap Znh-k--sfmw \n-fpsS km[m-cW Znh-ksftmse Xs Bbn-cn-p-sa-pw, As\ samw 40 Znh-k-am-bn-cnpw
Ah `qan-bn Pohn-p-I-sb-pw \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Atm A\p-bmbn-I
tNmZn-p: B Znh-k-n R Cstmse Av t\cs \a-kvImcw
\n-ln-m aXn-bm-Iptam? \_n adp-]Sn ]d-p: t]mcm, Av hnizm-kn-I
IWpIqn \a-kvIm-c \n-ln-p--Xm-Wv. Atm B \mfp-I-fn kqcy,
AkvX-an-msX ZoL-amb 365 Znh-kw \ne-sIm-p-Xpw, Av hnizm-kn-I-f-m- apkvenwI-sfmw ]cn-{`m--cmbn \a-kvImcns kabw \n-bn-m {]bmk-s-Sp-Xp-am-Wv. Jp-B\ns Bi-bs DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iambn sXsc-s-Spm--hscmw ako-lp--m-ens\ X-fpsS dmbn kzoI-cnv Ahs kzKw
sXsc-s-Sp-p--Xp-am-Wv. hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Ahs \cIw sXsc-s-Sp-m-\mWv
{]hm-N-I ]Tn-n-n-p--Xv. Ay-\m-fns {][m\ AS-bm-f--f-n Hv kqcy
Ingp\nv DZn-p--Xn\v ]Icw ]Sn-mdp\nv DZn--em-Wv. _Jd: 258 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I. Atm \nehnep kwhn-[m-\-samw amdp Ah ChnsS
hcm-\psv Jp-B ap-dn-bnv \Ip-p. hnizm-kn-I DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iambn
JpB D]-tbm-Knv B Ah-sb t\cn-Sm Xm-dm-tI--Xp-v. Xu_: 36-37,
dAvZv: 25, 14-15 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
34.
\n Ah-t\mSv tNmZn-Xn \nsmw Ah \nv Xn-cnp-p. Amlphns A\p-{K-ls \n Fn-W-mm

hnNm-cn-m AXv km[n-p-X-. \nbw a\p-jy A-{I-anbpw
\nsI-h\pw Xs-bm-Ip-p.
Alv: 18- Amlp ]d-bp-p: \n Am-lp-hns A\p-{K-l-

Fn-n-sSpm Xp\n-m AXv km[n-p--X-. \nbw Amlp Gsd
s]mdp-p--h\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-atm. AXm-bXv {]Ir-Xn-bpsS Fm tX-fpw
]qoI-cnv hmbp, shw, hoSv, e Adn-bm-\p AS-bm-f-, hyXyamb Ign-hp-I XpS-nbhsbmw \In-bn-cn-pp. CsXmw Jp-B\ns
C_vdmlow (14)
433
Bi-b-n a\-n-emn Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-bn {kmhv ImWp-pv
Ft_m[-n \ne-sIm-pIbpw, CXc krn-I-fpsS Pohn-X-`m-c- Cd-nsh-m Ah D]-tbm-K-sSpp-Ibpw sNptm-gmWv Hcp-h \n-bp--h-\m-Ip-Xv. Am--h-scmw A{I-anIfpw \nsI-h-cp-am-Wv. Alvkm-_v: 72-73 kq-fn Amlp ]d-bp-p: {]]w \ne-\nm-\p Aam-\-mb Jp-B
hln--Xv a\p-jy-\mWv. \nbw Ah A{I-anbpw Ahn-th-In-bp-am-bn-cp-p. I]S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-jam-scbpw kv{XoI-sf-bpw, Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cmhImi-fn ]p-tNp ]pcp-jam-scbpw kv{XoI-sfbpw inn-pXn\pw, hnizmkn-I-fmb ]pcp-jamcn \npw kv{XoI-fn \npw Ah-cpsS ]mm]w kzoIcn-p--Xn\pw thn-bmWv Aam-\-mb Jp-B a\p-jys\ hln-n-np--Xv.
\nbw \mw \nsfpdnpXs Hmannn-p Hcp {Kw Cd-n-bn-cn-p-p.
Atm \n Nnn-p-nt Fv An-bm-Av: 10- tNmZn-p-p. AYhm
{Kand-n-bXv a\p-jy Ah-c-hsc Xncn--dn-bm-\pw, {km-hns\ Xncn--dn-bm-\pw,
Pohn-X-eyw Xncn--dn-bm-\pw, `qan-bn imnbpw kam-[m-\hpw \ne-\nm-\p-amWv. An-km-Av: 1, AAvdm^v: 2, 89, bq\p-kv: 108 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
35.
C_vdm-low {]mn k`hpw kvac-Wo-b-am-Wv. Fs \mYm, Cu

\mSns\ \o kam- [ m- \ - h pw kpc- n- X - - h p- a p \mSm- t - W ta.
Ftbpw Fs k-Xn-I-tfbpw hn{Klsf ]qPn-p--Xn \nv
AI-pIbpw sNtW-ta.
R C_vdmlo-an-sbpw Ckvam-Cu-ensbpw amK-n-emWv Pohn-p-sXv hmZn-pIbpw, Fm IAv-_-bn C_vdmlo-an-tXpw Ckvam-Cu-ensXpaSw 360 hn{K-l-sf \mp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp am-apivcnp-ItfmSv C_vdmlo-ans bYm hnizm-khpw {]m\bpw Fm-bn-cpp Fv Hman-n-p-I-bm-Wv.
AXp-hgn R apl-Zv \_n-bp-sSbpw A\p-bm-bn-I-fp-sSbpw amKw ]n]-p-IbmWv Fv hmZn-p-Ibpw "Jn_ve' AwKo-I-cn-msX t\mv, s]cp-m Fn-hsbmw hyXy\mfp- I - f n- e mn hnhn[ kwL- S - \ - I - f p- mn apiv c np- I fmbnov _Jd: 256-, Zo\n \n_--an Fv ]Tn-n--Xn\v hncp--ambpw,
_Jd: 62, Ckveman hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp- am{Xta Dp AmsX aXwamtam t]cv am-tam Cspw, bqkp^v: 102-, \o F{X {ian-mepw P\--fn
A[n-I-t]cpw hnizm-kn-I-fm-Ip-I-bn Fpw, bq\pkv: 99-100 , Hcmpw Amlp-hns thp-I -Iq-SmsX hnizm-kn-bm-Im km[y-a Fpw, Ben-Cw-dm: 145,
Hcmpw Am-lp-hns thp-I-Iq-SmsX acn-m km[y-a Fpw, \ymbw
IqSmsX Hcmsf sImm a\p-jysc samw h[n-p--Xn\v Xpey-am-sWpw
Hcmv PohnXw \In-bm samw a\p-jysc Pohn-n-Xv t]mse-bm-sWv
amCZ: 32- ]Tn-n--sXmpw Xs ImWm an \_n-bpsS thjw [cnv
\_nsb sImmsX sImp \c-I-n ]n-I-fmbpw, ]n-I-fmbpw ]p\Po-hnn--s-Sm hn[n--s Cs apkvenw \ma-[m-cn-Isf Adn-bn-p-Xpw "temIn\v samw Imcp-Wy-am-bn--msX \ns \mw Ab-n-n' Fv An-bm-Av:
434
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
107 ]d apl--Zp-ambn \nv bmsXmcp _-hp-an-, adnv cw-Nn-pIbpw \mi-ap-m-p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p ]nimNnt\mSmWv \nv
_w Fv Hma-s-Sp-p-I-bpamWv ChnsS sNp--Xv. _Jd: 189, Xu_: 5,
107109, C_vdmlow: 21-22 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
36.
Fs \mYm, \nbw Cu hn{K-l- a\p-jy-cn \nv [mcmfw

t]sc hgn-tI-Sn-em-n-bn-cn-p-p. Atm BcmtWm Fs ]n]p--Xv, Ahs\n s]-h-\m-Ipp. Bsc-nepw Fs [n-cn-pI-bm-sW-n, Atm \nbw \o Gsd s]mdpp- Icp-Wm-hm-cn[n-bp-a-mWv.
hn{K-l- hgn- sX-n-n-cn-pp Fp-]-d-m, hn{K-l--f-, ]nim-NmWv

hn{K-lm-cm-[-\v a\p-jysc t{]cn-n-p--Xv F-XmWv. ]nimNv Am-lp-hns\
[n-cn-Xv t]mse Fm a\p-jyscbpw(Amlphns {]tXyI ASn-a-I-sfm-gnsI)
hgn-]n-g-nv Ahs IqsS \c-I-n-tev BpI FXmWv Ahs ZuXyw.
AAvdm^v: 12-33 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. Fm Hmtcm Bbn-cnepw sXmm-bnc-n-sXm-q-n-sbm-Xv t]sc Ah ]mn-em-pI Xs sNp-sav \_n ]Tnn-n-p-v. Rm\pw Fs ]n]-p--hcpw Jp-B-\ns Bibw _kzm-C-dmbn
D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--h-cm-sWv \_ntbmSv ]d-bm AAv-dm^v: 203, bqkp^v: 108
Fo kq--fn-eqsS Amlp I]n-n-p-v. Atm kamKw th-h
Ftmgpw kamK-amb Jp-B\
- p-ambn _-s-Sp-Ib
- pw, Jp-B\ns Bi-b
- n
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is\ ImWmsX Iv \ne-sIm-p-Ibpw thWw. bm-ko: 10-11, apIv:
1213 Iqn hmbn-p-I. Ben-Cw-dm: 6768, An-km-Av: 118, A^m: 24, Xu_:
67-68, lqZv: 118-119, dAvZv: 14- hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
37.
R-fpsS \mYm, \nbw Rm Fs k-Xn-I-fn Hcp hn`m-Ks

Irjn-Ifn-m Cu Xmgvhc-bn \ns ]hn-{X-amb `h-\-n\-Sp-
Xma-kn-n-n-cn-p-p. R-fpsS \mYm, Ah \a-kvImcw apd{]-Imcw
\ne-\npXn\v thnbmIp-p AXv. Atm P\--fpsS {i
Ahscsms \o Xncn-t-W-ta. Ahv `-W-hn-`-h--fmbn
Fm ê-fpw \o {]Zm\w sNt-W-taA-h \n- {]-I-Sn-n-phcm-IpXn\p-th-n.
_Jd: 126128, Ben-Cw-dm: 96-97 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
38.
R-fpsS \mYm, \nbw R adpshp--Xpw, shfn-s-SppXpw \o Adn-bp-p-v. BIm-i--fntem `qan-bntem HpwXs

Am-lp-hn\nv adp\nppan-.
_Jd: 234, 255, 284, Ben-Cw-dm: 5, Xu_: 17-19, bq\pkv: 61, lqZv: 56 kq-fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
C_vdmlow (14)
435
39. Cu hm-IyImev F\nv Ckvam-Cu, CkvlmJv Fo km-\sf HuZm-cy-ambn {]Zm\w sNbvX Am-lp-hn-\mWv kvXpXn. \nbw
Fs \mY {]m-\-I tIp--h Xs-bmWv.
Cdm-Jn hn{K-lm-cm-[-\v FXn-cmbn kz]nXm-hn-t\mSpw P\-X-tbmSpw ]S
s]mcp-Xnb C_vdm-lo-ans\ Ah XoIp-WvU-n Fdn-bp-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. Anbm-Av: 68-69 t\mp-I. Atm Amlp Imcy-Im-c-W-_--n\v AXo-X-ambn
AXn \nv At-ls cn-p-I-bpw, tijw kmd-sbbpw, ktlm-Zc]p{X\mb
eqXzns\bpw Iqn At-lw \mSphnSpIbpw sNbvXp. CuPn-]vjy `c-Wm-[n-Imcn
At-ln\v km-\-ambn \Inb lmP-d-bn Ckvam-Cu P\n-p-I-bpw, B
Ckvam-Cu-en-s\bpw lmP-d-sbbpw a-bn shtam sNSntbm C-m ev
sImp t]mbn Xma-kn-n-pIbpw sNbvXp. tijw \qlv \_n-bp-sS -Imes sh-sm--n \in IA-_-bpsS ASn-d Amlp ImWnv sImSp-p-I-bpw,
C_vdm-loapw Ckvam-Cu-epw AXv ]Sp-pbp-Ibpw sNbvXp. _Jd: 127-128
t\mp-I. ]noSv ê-kvXo-\n Xmakamnb C_vdmlow \_nv 13 hj-n\v
tij- a mWv "kmd'- b n Ckvlm- J ns\pdnpw, Ckvlm- J ns aI
bAvJq_ns\pdnpap ktm-j-hm e`n-p--Xv. bq\pkv: 103, lqZv: 6973,
bqkp^v: 53 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
40.
Fs \mYm, Fs \o \a-kvImcw apd-{]-Imcw \ne-\np--h-\mt-W-ta, Fs km-\--fnepw Cu kz`mhw hft-W-ta. RfpsS \mYm, \o Fs {]m\ kzoI-cn-pIbpw sNt-W-ta.
41.
R-fpsS \mYm, hnNm-cW \S-p \mfn F\npw Fs amXm]n-Xm-pw hnizm-kn-Ipw \o s]mdppXtc-W-ta.
C_vdmlow \_n-sb Xs ]nXmhv \mn\nv ]pd-m-n-b-tm Xmv

amv Xcp-hm Rm Fs \mY-t\mSv {]mn-p-sav adn-bw: 47 hmKvZm\w
sNbvXXns ASn-m-\-n-emWv ChnsS s]mdp-ens\ tXSn-b-tm ]nXm-hns\bpw AXn Ds]-Sp-n-bn-cn-p--Xv. Fm ]nXmhv Am-lp-hns i{Xp-hmsWv t_m[y-am-b-tm C_vdmlow \_n ]nXm-hns\ ]msS Hgn-hm-n. Xu_:
113-114 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. \qlv: 28, apl--Zv: 19 kq--fn-semw hnizm-knIv am{Xta s]mdp--ens\ tXSm ]mSpq Fv ]d-n-p--Xmbn ImWmw.
lqZv: 47, 75, 101-102 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
42.
A{I-an-I-fpsS {]h-\-sfsmv Amlp A{i-h

-- m\m-sWv
\n IWpIqtXpan, \nbw Amlp Ahsc ZrjvSn-I-
tat]mv Xpdnpt]mIp Hcp \mfntev ]nnnpI-bm-Ip-p.
AXm-bXv Ay-Zn-\-ns `bm-\IZriyw Ah-cpsS apn hcp-tm AhcXv Xpdnv t\mn-sm-n-cn-pw. Ip-I Ip-t]m-se-bm-bn-cn-pw, Ca-I t]mepw
436
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
A\--pIbn. lv: 12 kq--fn a\p-jysc hnfnv ]d-bp-p: \n \nfpsS \mYs\ kqn-p-I, \nbw B Ay-a-Wn-q-dns {]I-\w AXnòI-cw
Xs. AtZn\w ape- b q- p A- a m ape IpSn- p Ippsf
adpIfbpIbpw, K`n-Wn-I Ah-cpsS K`w ka-b-n\papv Xs {]khnpt]mhpIbpw sNpw, elcn D]-tbm-Kn-msX Xs P\-sf elcn _m[n-Xm-bnv AtZn\w \n\v ImWmw. AAvdm^v: 182-183, A^m: 36-37 hniZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
43.
Ah `b-tmsS Xe -D-bnnSnpsImv Htc -eyntev

]m-Sp-pw. AhcpsS ZrjvSn-I Ah-cn-tev aS-p-I-bn-. Av
Ah- Nnm-in \jvS-s iq\ya\kvIcpam-bn-cn-p-w.
Ja: 68 kqfn Amlp ]d-bpp: Hcp hnfn-bm-f, Ahn--anm Hcp Imcy-n-tev hnfn-p \mfn, Ip-Xp-dp-n-p-sImv Ah-cpsS ihp-gn-I-fn\nvIq-ambn ]d-p shp-In-fn-I-sf-tmsehn-fn-p--h-\n-tev
]q{i-cmbn IpXn-p--Xp-am-Wv. \ntj-[n-I Av ]d-bpw: CXv hfsc {]bmk-I-c-amb Hcp-Zn\w Xs. hnizm-kn-Ifm {`mamcp-sS Ah-bmWv ChnsS
Nn{Xo-I-cn-p--Xv. bmko: 51-52 'kzq' F Iml-f-n DuX-s-Sp-I-bmbn,
Atm Ah-cXm Ah-cpsS ih-p-gn-I-fn \nv Hcp \m-p-dn-bn-te-s-tmWw
Ah-cpsS dn-tev IpXn-p-X
- m-Wv. Ah ]d-bp-X
- p-amWv lm, R-fpsS \miw!
BcmWv Rsf Cu KmV-\n-{Z-bn\nv DWn-b-Xv. CXmWv ]c-a-Im-cp-WnI hmKvZw sNbX B Zn\w, {]hm-N-Iam kXyw ]d-bp--h Xs-bm-bncpp Fv ]d-bsSpw. Cv _pn-i-n-bp-]-tbm-Knv Nnn-p-Itbm Btem-Nnp-Itbm lrZbwsImv HmanpI-tbm, ey-t_m[w {Kln-p-Itbm sNmsX
FmWv Pohn-Xw, FmWv Pohn-X-eyw Fsmpw t_m[-an-msX Pohn-p-h-cm-W-h. FmWv Jp-B, Jp-Bs\ F-s\-bmWv Pohn-n-pI, Fn\mWv Jp-B, Jp-Bs\ aqSn-sh-m-ep hn]v Fm-Wv, Fp-sImv JpB D]-tbm-Kn--Ww, BcmWv ]nim-Nv, Pnv Iqp-Im-c-\mb ]nimNns\ Fs\
hnizm-kn-bmpw XpS-nb Imcy-s
- fmpw Nnn-msX AAvdm^v: 175-176 ]d
ùXnI Pohn- X - ns tamSn- b n BIrjv S cmbn D]- { Z- h n- mepw Cs- nepw
amwhcm \mb-Isftmse Cl-tem-Iv PohnXw Xn \onbh-cm-W-h.
bmko: 59-61, ^pJm: 2123, 27-31 kq--fn, Ah-cpsS ]c-tem-Iv hcm\ncnp Ah hnh-cn-n-p-v. AAvdm^v: 40-41, 179, Xu_: 55, 85, 125, bq\p-kv: 7,17
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. kzK-ns Ah-Im-in-I-fmb hnizm-kn-I At-Znhkw Ghpw \ hn{ia tI{--fnepw Ah--bn-em-bn-cn-psav ^pJm:
24epw bmko: 54-58 -epw ]d-n-p-v. Ah hcmt]mIp cwK--sfmw JpB\ns\ DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iambn D]-tbm-Knv Cl-tem-Ipshv Xs a\-n-emn-bhcpw, kzKw ChnsS ]Wn-X-h-cp-am-Wv. AAvdm^v: 52-53, dAvZv: 28, C_vdmlow:
C_vdmlow (14)
437
44. Hcp \mfnse in hps]Sp--Xn\p apv \o P\-v ap-dnbnv \IpI. Atm Cu A{I-an-I-fm-b-h ]d-bpw: R-fpsS
\mYm, Rv Hc]w Ah-kcw IqSn \tI-Wt- a. R \ns
hnfnv Dcw \Imw, {]hm-N-Iamsc R ]n]pIbpw
sNmw. Fm CXn\papv \nsm-cn-epw Hcp amhpw hcnI-bn-sv BW-bnv ]d-n-cp AtX Bfp-I Xs-bt \n?
Jp-B-\ns Bibw D]-tbm-K-s-Spn imn-t\-Snb Bm-hmbn Xncn-pt]m-bm am{Xsa kzK-n-te-s-p-I-bpp Fv, Jp-B kzbw D]-tbm-Knm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw ap--hv D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m \Im-Xn-cn-pIbpw sNp
A{I-an-I-fmb apkvenwI-tfmSv Jp-B kq- D-cn-p-sImv Cv hnizm-knI ]d-bp-I-bm-sW-n Ah ]d-bpI Rs-m-bmepw Hcp amhpw hcn-Ibn-, \n ]d-Xv sImv am{Xw Cu Pohn-X-co-Xn-bn \nv R amdm\pw
t]mIp-n FmWv. Ccw Bfp-I-fpsS acWka-b-amWv ChnsS Nn{Xo-I-cn-pXv. A-Bw: 9394, AAvdm^v: 37, 132, dAvZv: 11, 18, C_vdm-low: 22 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
45.
X-tfmSv Xs AXn-{Iaw {]hn B P\-ns hmk--e-fn-em-Wtm \n Xma-kn-n-cp--Xv. AhtcmSv \mw F-s\bmWv

{]hn--sXv \nv hy-amn hni-Zo-I-cnv Xn-p-v.
\nv \mw ]e-Xcw D]-a-Ifpw DZm-l-cn-pXnp-ap-v.
kPZ: 26- Amlp tNmZn-pp: Chp apv F{X-sb{X \mSp-I-sf-bmWv

\mw \in-n-n-pXv, Ah-cpsS hmk--e--fn-eq-sS-bm-Wtm Ch \S-p-t]mIp--Xv, Atm Chv AXn\nv KpW-]m-T-sampw Inp-n-stbm? \n-bambpw AXn [cmfw KpW-]m-T--fp-v, Atm Ah tIpn-stbm? 27,
Ah ImWp-n-s-tbm, \nbw \mw hc-p-Io-dnb `qan-bn-tev shs \bnpIbpw, AXn\nv IrjnI- ]pd-s-Sp-hn-p-Ibpw sNp-p, AXn\nv AhcpsS Ip-Im-en-Ifpw Ah Xsbpw `npp. Atm Ah Dm-gvNbp-hcmIp-ns-tbm? AAvdm^v: 129, 136, 177-178, 182, lqZv: 17, dAvZv: 17, 25
hniZoIcWw t\mp-I.
46.
\n-bw, Ah AhcpsS KqVX{--sfmsbpw ]b-pI-bp-mbn,

Ah-cpsS KqVX{--sfmsbpw Am-lp-hns ]-Xs-bmIpp. Ah-cpsS KqVX{- ]h-X- \on--f-bm DX-Ip-Xm-sW-nepw icn.
Fm Imepw Jp-B\ns Bibw {]N-cn-n-p-Xv XS-bm a\p-jy-nim-Np--fmb kXy\ntj-[n-I Fm KqVX{-fpw ]b-n-bn-p-v. Fm

Fmw AS-n-`-cn-p Am-lp-hns ] Xs-bmWv Ah-cpsS aqm-hv Fncns Am-lp-hns ] Ah-cpsS KqVX{--sfmpw hne-tm-bn-n-, Ub-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
\m-anv s]mnv ae-I \om km[n-t-pw. Fm Jp-B\ns Bibw
Amlp Dt-in coXn-bn samw P\--fn-tev Fn-p-sIm-Spv Am-lphns\ klm-bn-p hnizm-kn-Isf, kzbw t_mw_mbnhv s]mnsdntm ap
KqVX{- sa\v \in-n-mt\m km[n-p-I-bn-s-mWv Amlp ChnsS
ap-dn-bnv \Ip--Xv. ABw: 123-124, AAvdm^v: 194-195, bq\p-kv: 71, lqZv:
5456, dAvZv: 42 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
438
47.
Atm, Amlp Ah-s ZqXam-tcmSv sNbvX hmKvZm-\- Ftmsgnepw ewLn-p-sav \o hnNm-cn--cp-Xv. \nbw Amlp tNmZyw
sN-s-Sm AP--\pw, {]Xn-Imcw sNp--h-\pw Xsb-tm.
bq\p-kv: 102-103 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Adqw: 27 kq--fn, Am-lphns klmb-m tdma-m ASp-hj-fn Xs AXn-P-bn-p--Xpw,
Av hnizm-kn-I Bm-Zn-pIbpw sNpw. Amlp Ah-\p-t-in-p--hsc
klm-bn-p-p, Ah AP-\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn[nbpw Xs-b-tm, Am-lp-hns
hmKvZ--am-W-Xv. Amlp Ahs hmKvZw ewLn-p-I-bn Xs. Fm
P\--fn A[n-I-t]cpw bYm Adnhn-m--h-cm-Ip-p. Ahv ùXnI PohnX-ns _mly-amb Imcy am{Xta Adn-bp-Ib
- p-q, Ah ]c-tem-Is
- smv
{]-b--hcpamWv Fv ]d-n-pv. Ah Jp-B-\ns Bibamb _kzmC(AAv-dm^v: 203) D]-tbm-K-s-Spm-XmWv CXn\v Imc-Ww. bq\p-kv: 94-97
48.
Hcp-Zn\w `qanbpw BIm-i--fpw AX-m--Xmbn amnadn-p--Xm-Wv.

Av khpw Fmw AS-n-`-cn-p GIm-[n-]-\mb Amhns
kn-[n-bn ad-bn-msX lmP-cm--s-Sp-Ibpw sNpw.
Xzmlm: 105-107, hn[n-Zn-h-ks kw_-nv \ntj-[n-I-fm-b-h tNmZn-p-XmWv: Av Cu ]-X-sfmw Fhn-sS-tmIpw? Atm \o ]d-bpI: Fs
\mY Ah-sb-sbmw CSn-p-s]m-Snv s]mSn-]-S-e-am-p--Xpw, `qansb an\p-k-ap
H {]Xe-am-p--Xpam-Wv. Av \o `qan-bn-se-hn-sSbpw Db-tbm, Xmgv-tbm,
hfthm Xncnthm Hpw ImWp-I-bpan Fv ]d-n-pv. Azm-cnJv: 11-12
]qnI Ah--{]m-]n-p BIm-i-hp-amWv kXyw, Dgp-Xp-a-dn-v \nc-m-p `qanbp-amWv kXyw Fv ]d-n-pv. Jm^v: 44-, Av `qan s]mnn-f-cp-Xpw,
AXn-ep--h-sbmwa\p-jy-c-S-w hfsc thK-n ]pd-s-Sp--Xp-am-Ip-p.
As\ Hcp Hcp-an-p-Iq- \S-n-em-pXv \s kw_-n-n-S-tmfw hfsc
Ffp--am-Ipp Fp-]-d-n-pv. Cu kt-f\wa-lvi-d `qan-bn Xs-bm-bncn-psa-mWv Jp-B ]Tn-n-p-Xv.
Fm Hmtcm-cp-cpw \-cmbpw \-]m-Z-cmbpw tNem-Ia-c-ln-X-cmbpw BZy{]m-hiyw P\n-Xv t]mse Hsm-sm--m-bn-p-amWv krjvSm-hns apn lmPcm--s-SpI. ]c-tem-I-Po-hnXw Cv \mw Pohn-p-Xpt]mse ]q-ambpw PU-
C_vdmlow (14)
439
tm-Sp-w Bm-thmSpw IqSnb PohnXw Xsbm-bn-cn-p-sa-pw, `qap-Jp\nv

Xntcm[m\w sNbvX AtX hynXz-tmSpIqSn Xs-bm-bn-cnpw Hmtcm hynbpw
AhnsS ]p\Pohn-n--s-Sp--sXpw Jp-B ]Tn-np-p-v. kzKhpw \cI-hp-samw t\cs Xs Hcp-n-sh-npXm-Wv. Jp-B Inn-bnv Jp-B\ns
BibwsIms Cl-temIpshv In\v aqSn-bp-m-bncp \ntj-[n-IfpsS ASptv \cIw A-Sp-n-p-Xpw(Ilv^v: 100-101) B \c-I-n AhcpsS apJw
hyn-IfptSXpw icocw hnhn[ arK--fp-tSXpamn am-s-Sp--Xpam-Wv. _Jd:
6667, amCZ: 60 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. apJo-v kzKw hnZq-c-a-msX
ASp-n-p--Xpam-Wv Fv Jm^v: 31-epw ]d-n-pv. Xu_: 67-68, 71-72, 112,
lqZv: 7 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
49.
Amfn {`mamsc N-e-I-fn _n--s--h-cmbn \o ImWp-Xm-Wv.
50. Ah-cpsS DSp-p-I Sm sImp--Xm-bn-cn-pw. Ah-cpsS apJ-

Xobm aqS-sSpIbpw sNpw.
"JXzndm' F-Xn\v Smdv, ]w, Ioev Fsmw Bi-b-apv. {`mam
Bcm-sWv A-Bw: 55, AAvdm^v: 40-, bq\p-kv: 17 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-Ww
t\mp-I.
51.
Fm Hmtcm Bm-hn\pw Ah km-Zn--Xn\p {]Xn-êw \Ip-Xn\p thnbmWv Cu Zn\w \n-bnnpXv. \nbw Amlp
AXnthKw IWpt\mp--h- Xsbm-Wv.
Ay-\n-anjw \S-nhcp--Zn\w a\p-jy thXn-cn--s-Sp--Xm-Ip-p.

Atm BcmtWm kXyhn-izmkw ssIsm-p-Ib
- pw, kI- A\p-jvTnpIbpw sNbvX-Xv, Ah kzK-q-tm-p-I-fn Bm-Zn-p--knv Ign-p-Iq-Sp-Xm-Wv. BcmtWm \psS kq-sf aqSn-sh-p-I-bpw, Xn--d-bp-I-bpw, ]c-temIs Ip-ap-p--Xns\ \ntj-[n-p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv, Atm Aq- inbn Hcp-an-p-Iq--s-Sp--Xp-amWv Fv Adqw: 14-16 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v.
_Jd: 94 95, Xu_: 82, bq\pkv: 5254 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
52.
CXvJp-B samw a\p-jyv thn-bp Hcp kt-i-am-Ipp. AXp-sImv Ah apdn-bnv \I-s-tS--Xn-\pw, \nbw
Amlp am{X-amWv GI Cem-slv Ah Adntb--Xn-\pw, _pnamam lrZbwsImv Hmanp--Xn\pthnbpw.
Jp-B samw a\p-jyp Am-lp-hns kt-i-am-Wv(amCZ: 67

t\mpI) {km-hmb DS-a- G-I\mb Amlp am{X-amWv Fv samw a\p-jysc,
apdn-bnv \Im thn-bmWv CXv Ah-X-cn-n-n-p--Xv (\lv: 2, 36). _pn-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
D]-tbm-Kn-p Poh-\p--h am{Xta Jp-B\ns\ kvacnv ]mT-apsm-p-Ibpq. bmko: 70- Amlp ]d-bpp: Cu Jp-B, Poh-\p--hsc ap-dn-bnv
\Ip--Xn-\pw, Jp-B Inn-bnv aqSn-sh-p Im^n-dp-IfpsS-ta inm-hn[n
\S-n-em-p--Xn\pw thn-bmWv Ah-X-cn-n-n-p--Xv Fv. Jp-B Inn-bnv
aqSnsh I]-S-hn-izm-knIfpw {`mamcpw Hcn-epw C\n Jp-B ]n]-pIbn
(bq\pkv: 33). Ahv JpB amen-\y-am-sWv Xu_: 125 ]d-n-p-v.
AAvdm^v: 203, bq\p-kv: 57-58, 108, bqkp-^v: 108, C_vdm-low: 14 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
440
R-fpsS \mYm, R-fpsS aSw kzK-n-tev Xs BI---hw

Jp-B-\ns samw Bibw Sn-mbn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-pIbpw, ]n]-t--hn[w
]n]-pIbpw sNbvXv JpB\ns\ kXy-s-Spn Pohn-p-h
- c
- m-t-Wt- a, Rsf
\o {`mam-cnepw, \ntj-[n-Ifnepw, \c-I-ntev Xncn-p-t]m-Ip--h-cnepw DsSp--cp-tX, {]Im-i-am-Ip Jp-B D]-tbmK-s-Spn A-Im-c-fn\nv(]nim-Nns amK-fn\nv) \nn-te-pw, hnim-e-amb kzK-n-tepw Xncn-ph-cm ]m]n-I-fmb Rsf, DS-a-bmb \o A\p-{K-ln-t-W-ta! XpW-t-W-ta!
lnPv (15)
441
15. A lnPv
lnPv hmkn-Ifpw {]hm-N-Iamsc If-hm-n-bn-pv F 80-mw kqn
\ns-Sp-XmWv Cu kqd-ns t]cv. CXnse A`n-kwt_m[\coXn hfsc
I-i-amb ssienbnemWv FXn-\m \_n-bpsS am Pohn-X-nse Ahkm\L-n-emWv CXpw Ah-X-cn-n--sXv a\-n-em-mw. \_ntbbpw Ay\mh-tc-bp hnizm-kn-I-tfbpw Biz-kn-n-p-sImpw Ddn-p-\nn-smpap \ntZ-i-fpw CXn ImWm-w.
invthn [rXn-Iq-p \ntj-[n-I-tfmSv n]-vXamb Hch[n \n-bn-n-msX GsXmcp kap-Zm-b-sbpw \in-n-n-n- Fpw, Jp-B\ns Bmhv
Ah-X-cn-n-n-p-Xv Am-lp-hm-sWpw, AXv Ah Xs kqn-p-sapw
]Tn-n-p-p. Pnp-I-fp-tSbpw a\p-jy-cp-tSbpw krjvSn-n-s\-p-dnv {]Xn-]m-Zn-pIbpw 28-48 kq-f
- n BZwC_veokv Ncn{Xw hnh-cnv Am-lp-hn-s bYm
hgnbpw ]nim-Nns hgnIfpw hyam-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-pv. {`mamcmb eqv
P\-Xsb \in-n--m- \ntbm-Kn--s ae-p-I, Ckvlm-Jns\pdnv ktmj-hm Adn-bn-pXn\v C_vdmloans ASp-t-mWv BZyw h-sXv
hy-am-p-p. h\-hm-kn-Ifpw lnPv hmkn-I-fpaSw {]hm-N-Iamsc If-hm-nbn-p Fm P\-Xbpw \in-n--s-n-p-v Fv XmoXv \Ipp. \_nv
\Inb ^mn-lbpw al-mb Jp-B\pw D]-tbm-Ks
- -Spn P\-fpsS FXnpI-fn \nsmw c- t\Snsmp-Isbpw CXn\pappw Jp-B \Is
hn`m-K--sfmw AXns\ Xn--d-n-pv Fpw ]Tnnpp. \ns \mYs\
hmgvp-Ib
- pw, kmjvSmwKw {]W-an-p-Ibpw sNpI, Dd-m-Ip-Xphsc \ns \mY\v
thn am{Xw Pohn-p-I F I]-\tbmsS 99- kq-fS-nb kqdv Ahkm-\n-p-p.
]c-aI
- m-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-amb Am-lp-hns \maw- sImv
1.
Aen-^v--emw--dm-. CsXmw Hcp {K-nse kq--fpw hy-amb

Jp-B-\p-am-Ipp.
H {Kw am{X-amWv hn-p--sX-pw, AXns Ah-km\ cq]amWv Cu

Jp-B-s\pw Cu kqhpw ]Tn-n-p-p. Jp-B kq- hfsc hyhpw
kv]hpam-sWpw DWp-p. _Jd: 2, bqkp-^v: 1, lqZv: 1, C_vdmlow: 1 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
442
2.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Cv Jp-B-\ns\ aqSn-shv \ntj-[n-I-fmbn Pohn-ph, IjvSw;
R kkzw Am-lp-hn\v kanh-cm-bn-cp-p-sh-n F{X
Xm-bn-cp-ts\ Fv hne-]n-p Zn\w hcn-I-Xs sNpw.
Jp-B kan-p bYm Pohn-X-coXnbmb Ckvemw \mn-sepw

hym]n-p-tm, Cv aqSn-shv \ntj-[n-If
- mbn Pohn-p a\p-jy aps "Ckvemw
kzoI-cn-n-cp-p-sh-n \m-bn-cpp' Fv tJZn-p-t]m-Ip k`w hcp-pv
Fv hnizm-kn-Isf DWp-I-bm-Wv. dAvZv: 41 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. asmcmi-bw, Cu \ntj-[n-Iv acWw Bk--am-Ip-tm Ah hnizm-kn-Ifpw A\pk-c-W-ap apkvenwI-fp-am-bn-cp-s-n \m-bn-cp-ts\ Fv hne-]n-psamWv. AAv-dm^v: 37 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. in AYhm a-c-Ww \nv hps]-Sp--Xn\v apv \n-fpsS \mY\n \nv Cd--s-XvJp-B Ghpw
\\nev ]n]-pI. Hm IjvSw, Rm Am-lp-hns Imcy-n A{i-\
-- m-btm, Rm Am-lp-hns amKs ]cn-lk
- n-p-h
- \
- m-btm As-n Amlp
Fs kamK-n-em-nbncp-s-n Rm àmcn s]-h\mIpambn-cptm As-n in ImWp-tm F\nv Hc-h-kcwIqSn Innbncp-pshn
Rm kpIr-X-hmam-cn s]-h Xs BIp-am-bn-cp--tm Fv Hcmfpw ]dbm CS-h-cp--Xn\v apv, A; \n\v Fs kq- hp-In-n, Atm \o
-Ahsb Xn--d-p, \o Fmw XnI--h-\m-sWv Al--cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp,
\o Im^ndp-I-fn s]-h X-bm-bn-cpp Fv kpa: 55-59 ]d-np-v.
Xu_: 125, bq\p-kv: 38, 9092, C_vdmlow: 30 t\mpI.
3.
Ahsc Xnm\pw kpJnm\pw hnSpIsXn-m-cWbm Ahsc \inn-sSm\pw. Atm Ah Xmakn-bmsX AdnbpI Xs sNpw.
]c-temI \ntj-[n-I
- Pohn-Xe
- yw shSn-h
- c
- pw, Cl-temI PohnXwsImv
Xr]vXns--h-cp-am-Wv. Bmhv, icocw Fnh Xnc-n-dn-bmsX, Bm-hns `W-amb Jp-B-\ns Bibw D]-tbm-KsSp-msX ico-c-ns `Ww am{Xw
D]-tbm-K-s-Spn Pohn-p-h-cm-W-h. Atm Ah-cpsS sXn-m-cW AhcpsS {]h-\--sfmw ]mgmn-fn-cn-p-p. AhcpsS {]m-\Iv
Dcw e`n-p-I-bn-. Ah-cpsS \a-kvImcw, kIm-v, t\mv, lv XpS-nb
I--sfmpw kzoI-cn--s-Sp-I-bpan-. Ah-cpsS [mcW Bbn-c-n sXmmbn-c-n-sXm-q-n-sbm-Xpw kzK-n-te-pw, Hv \c-I-n-te-pamWv FmWv.
AAv-dm^v: 89, C_vdm-low: 3, 18, 30, bqkp^v: 53 t\mpI.
4.
\mSpI-fn\nv Hn-s\bpw \mw \inn-n-pan-tcJ-s-Sp-nb Hcp

\nnX Ah[n \Inbn-msX.
5.
Hkap-Zm-bhpw AXn\v \nbn Ah[n apI-S-p-I-bn, AXn\v

\nbn Ah[n ]nnp-Ibpan.
lnPv (15)
443
Amlp a\p-jys\ Ah-cpsS A{Iaw ImcWw ]nSn-Iq-Snbncps-n `qanbpsS apI-fn Hcp Poh-Pm-esbpw _mn-bm-pambn-cpn. Fm \n-bn-s Hc-h-[n-hsc Ahsc ]nn-n-p-I-bm-Ip-p. Atm Ah-cpsS Ah[n
Fn--gn-m Hcp\nanjw ]nn-n-p-Itbm apn-np-Itbm C Fv Alv: 61 ]d-n-p-v. ^mXzn: 45- Amlp ]d-bpp: P\- km-Zn-Xns t]cn Amlp Ahsc ]nSn-Iq-SpIbmbn-cp-p-sh-n `qan-bpsS apI-fn
Hcp Poh-Pm-e-sbpw _mnbmpam-bn-cp-n-. Fm \n-bn Hc-h-[n-hsc
kabw \on-sm-Sp-p-I-bm-Ip-p. Atm Ah-cpsS Ah[n hp-I-gn-m,
\nbw Amlp Ahs ASn-a-Isf hon-p-sIm-n-cn-p--h Xs-b-tm.
kXys \ntj-[n Hcp P\-Xsb, DSs\ ]nSnvinn-pI FXv Am-lphns Ncyb, Fn-cns Zo\ns\ If-hm-p-Ibpw ]cn-l-kn-p-Ibpw sNp
Cu hnUvVn-I Xv CXp-h-scbpw in-sbmpw e`n-m-Xns t]cn
sXn-m-c-W-bn AI-s-tS--Xn-. Hmtcmcppw tIm\pw a\-n-em-phm\pw t_m[-hmam-cm-Im\pw F{Xkabw \I-W-sav BZyta Xocp-am-\n-h\mWv {XnIm-e
m-\n-bmb Am-lp. A-Bw: 2, bq\p-kv: 11, 19, lqZv: 6, C_vdmlow:
6.
Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpp: Hm, Jp-B-\ns Bmhv Cd--snpsv ]d-bpht\, \nbw \o Pnv _m[n--h XsbmIpp.
"AnIv' sImp-t-in-p-Xv thZ-{K--ns Bm-hmb Jp-B\ns

lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn-ep Bi-b-am-Wv. \lv: 43-, \n\v \mw Cu "ZnIv'
Ah-X-cn-n-n-cn-p-pP\-v, FmtWm Cd--s-Xv AXv Ahv shfnhmn sImSp-p--Xn\pthn, A-h Btem-Nnv {]Xn-ênnp--Xn-\p-thnbpw
Fp- ] - d - n- p- v . Jp- B \ns Bibw samw P\- v thn- b p
{kmhns hn[n-hn-e-p-I-fm-Wv. apAvan\q: 70-, AtXm Ah ]d-bp-p-thm,
At-l-n\v Pnv _m[n-n-cn--bm-sWv? A; Ahv kXywJp-B hpIn-n, Fm Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw kXys shdp-p--h-cm-Ip-p. 71-, A;
Ahv Ahscpdn-p "ZnIv' hp-In-n. Atm Ah Ahscpdn-p
"ZnIvdns\' Ah-K-Wnv sImn-cn-p--h-cmWv Fpw ]d-npv. An-bm-Av:
10-, \nbw \n-sf-p-dn-v Hmn-n-p Hcp {K-w \nv \mw Cd-pIXs sNbvXn-pv, Atm \n Nnn-p-nt Fv tNmZn-p-p-v. Cu
ZnIvdmb Jp-B Pnp-I-fns] ]nim-Np--fmWv apl-Zv \_nv sImp-hv
sImSp-p--sXv \ntj-[n-I Btcm-]n--Xn\v adp-]-Sn-bmbn ApA-dm-Av: 210-212
Amlp ]d-bp-p: ]nim-Np- Jp-B\pwsImv Cd-n-bn-n-, Ahv AXv
tbmPn--Xpa-, Ahv AXn\v km[n-p-I-bp-an-. \nbw Ah AXv tIp-Xns\smv AIs-h-cm-Ipp. XIvho: 25-, Cu Jp-B i]n--s-,
AI--s ]nim-Nns hmp-I-fspw, 27-, CXv k-tem-Ip-ap Hcp
DWemsX asm-p-a Fpw ]d-n-p-v. Ap-A-dm-Av: 192-196 kq--
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
fn, \nbw Cu JpB k-tem-I--fp-sSbpw DS-a-bn \nv Ah-X-cn-n-s-Xv Xs-bm-Wv. AXpw-sImv Cd-n-bXv hniz-kvX-\mb dqlv Pn_vcoem-Wv.
\ns lrZ-b-n-tev AXnd-n-b-Xv \o AXvsImv ap-dn-bnv \Ip-hcn
s]Sp-X
- n\p thnbpamWv. hy-amb Ad_n`mj-bmWv AXns ico-cw, \nbw
AXv ]qnI GSp-I-fn-semapv Fv -]-d-n-p-v. ^n-Hu Xs sImm-c-hmkn-I-tfmSv aqkm \_nsbpdnv, \nbw \n-fn-tev Ab--s-n-p Cu {]hmN-I {`m Xs-bmWv Fp-]-d-Xmbn Ap-A-dm-Av: 27 ]d-n-pv.
Fm-e-p-ap \ntj-[n-Iv Jp-B\ns Bi-btmSm-Wv hntcm[w. ABw: 33- hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Jp-B\ns Bi-bs Xn--d-bp--h-cmWv
Im^n-dp-Ifpw {`mamcpw A{I-an-I-fpw sXm-Sn-Ifpw. kpKvdp-^v: 74-78 kq-fn, Jp-B\ns\ Xn--d-bp Cu A{I-an-I-fmb {`mam \cIw Imp
ae-ns\ hnfn-v: Hm amen-t, \ns \mY R-fpsS IY-bv Igntm-s,
(AmsX sXmenbpcp-Ip-tm ]pXn-bXv shvXv Fn-\mWv Rsf Pohn-np-Xv?) Fv ]dbp-tm, amenv adp-]Sn \Ipw: \nbw \n nc-ambn
CXn Ign-tb--h-cm-Wv. R \n-fn-tev kXyhpw(Jp-B) sImp-h-ncp- p. ]t \n- f n A[n- I - t ]cpw kXys shdp- p- - h - c m- b n- c p- p.
CXn\npw, Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-ap-m-Ip-tm AhnsS \c-I-ns ]mdm-hpIm-c-\mb amenSw Fm ae-p-Ifpw lmP-cm-Ip-pv Fpw Bi-b-an-mtm AhnsS ]nim-Np--fmb Pnp-I-fmWv lmP-cm-Ip-Xv Fpw hy-amWv.
apAvan: 47-50 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Jp-B ]mcm-b-Wtam Atam ]Tn-n-p-
Hcmtfbpw BcpwXs ]ng Bfm-bntm {`m-\m-bntm Pnv_m[n--h-\m-bntm
ap{Z-Ip-p-I-bn-, adnv Jp-B-\ns Amlp Dt-in Bibw, a\p-jy-cpsS lrZb-ns `mj-bn ]d-bp-tm-gmWv Hcmsf ]ng--h-s\pw Pnv _m[n--hs\pw
{`m-s\pw kzw P\-X-bm ap{Z-Ip--s-Sp-Xv Fv {]tXyIw {in-p-I.
Ah-cpsS Pnp-Iq-p-Im-c-\mb ]nim-NmWv Ahscsmv AXv sNn-n-p--Xv.
PnvIqp-Im-cs\ hnizm-kn-bm-m\p GI acpv "AnIv'Jp-B-\ns Bib-w am{Xam-Wv. amCZ: 90-91, AAvdm^v: 2, bq\pkv: 108, dAvZv: 14-15 hniZoIcWw
t\mp-I.
444
7.
\o kXykam-cn s]-h-\m-sW-n R-fn-tev ae-p-Isf

sImph-cm-sXvv?
8.
ae-pIsf \mw ey-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-msX Cd-m-dn-. Ah Cdn-bm ]ns Ahv Ah-kcw \I-s-Sp--Xp-a-.
kqw 2 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. GsX-nepw Hcp P\X ae-p-Isf Cdm Bh-iy-s-Sp-tm-tgv Amlp ae-p-Isf Cdp-Ibn. Znhym-p-X-
{]I-Sn-n-m\pw ad--Im-cy--fpsS ad-\onmWn-m\pw thn {]hm-N-Iamsc
\ntbm-Kn-p-I-bpan-. amCZ: 109, C-_vdmlow: 11 t\mpI. ]c-tem-Iv hcmt]mIp cwK- a\-n-em-m thn Dm-gvN-Zm-b-I-amb Jp-B\ns Bibw
lnPv (15)
445
Fm Hmtcmpw \In-bn-p-v. AAv-dm^v: 203, bq\pkv: 108 t\mp-I. GsXn-ep-samcp P\-XbpsS Imcy-n AnaXocp-am\w \S-nem-m\mWv ae-p-Isf
\ntbm-Knp-I. \nsf ac-nn-m G]n-n-p aev, \nsf acn-n-p-Xpw
]ns \n-fpsS \mY-\n-tepXs \n aS--s-Sp--Xp-amWv Fv ]d-bm
kPZ: 11 \_n-tbmSpw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw Amlp I]n-n-pv. Ctm hnizkn-p-sImmw Fp]dv c-s-Sms\mpw B ka-bv kmh-Imiw e`n-pI-bn-. bq\pkv: 91 t\mp-I. bmYmy- ad\on ImWn-sSp-Xp-h-sc am{Xam-Wv hniz-kn-m \I-s kabw. Jm^v: 22 \ntj-[n-I-fpsS ac-WcwKw Amlp hc-p-Im-Wn-n-cn-p-Xv C-s\-bmWv; Atm \ns Bmhns Inta-ep-Jp-B-\ns Bibw sImt-bpaqSn \mw FSpv Ifn-cn-pp, Atm Ct-Zn\w Fmw XojvW-ambn \n\v ImWm-hp--XmWv.
Jp-B\
- ns Bibw sIms In-\v aq-Sn-bp-m-bn-cp Im^n-dp-Iv hn[nZnhkw
\cIw ASpn-p-sav Ilv^v: 100101 ]d-n-pv. hnizm-kn-Iv hnPbw e`np Xocp-am-\-Zn-hkw, Im^n-dp-IfpsS hnizmkw kzoI-cn- D]-Im-c-s-Sp-Itbm
Ahv kmh-Imiw \I-s-Sp-Itbm Csv kPZ: 29-epw ]d-n-p-v.
ae-pIsf \mw ey-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-msX Cd-m-dn- Fp]d--Xns
Xm]-cyw, ae-p-I kXyhpw hln-p-sImt hcn-I-bpq Fm-Wv. AXm-bXv
ae-p-I hcp-Xv Ak-Xys \in-nv Xm-\v kXys {]Xn-jvTn-phm-\m-Wv. AYhm Amlp-hns Xocp-am-\-hp-ambn hcp Ah bYm-hn[n AXv
\S-n-em-pI Xs sNpw. ^pJm: 21-22, \map-ambn Ip-ap-W
- s
- av B{Klnm \ntj-[n-I ]d-bpp: Fp-sImv R-fp-sS-ta ae-pI Cd--s-Spn, As-n Fp-sImv R-fpsS \mYs\ t\cn ImWp-n-. Xobmbpw Ah kz-tmSv Al--cn-p-I-bpw, ]cn-[n-ew-Ln henb [nm-cn-I-fpam-bn-cnp-p. ae-p-Isf ImWp Zn\w Cu {`mamv ip`-I-c-am-bn-cn-p-Ibn-. Av Ah ]d-bpw: ImtW-m! ImtW-m! ImWm-smcp ad cq]-s-n-cps-n F{X\m-bn-cp-t-s\ Fv. An-km-Av: 97, AAvdm^v: 37-40, bq\p-kv:
78, lqZv: 17 t\mp-I.
9.
\nbw \mw X-sbmWv Cu ZnIv Ah-X-cn-n-n-p-Xv. \nbw

\mw AXns\ kqnp-h\pw Xs-bmWv.
AXm-bXv Cu ZnIvthZns Bmhmb lr-Z-b-ns `mj-bn-ep JpB-\ns BibwsImp-h--h-s\-bm-Wtm \n {`ms\v ]d-bp-Xv,

Fm AXv Ah-X-cn-n--Xv \mam-Wv. AXv Atlw kzbw sIn--a--sXm-p-a.
AXn A]wt]mepw amw-hcp-m Bpw km[y-hp-a-. bq\pkv: 15-16, 37-38
t\mp-I. ^pkvkzn-ev: 41-43 Amlp ]d-bp-p: \n-b-w ZnIvJp-B\ns
Bm-hv hp-In-n-b-Xn\v tijw AXns\ aqSn-sh--h-cp-tm Ahv ITn-\amb in-bp-v. AXv AP--amb, AXp-ey-amb Hcp {Kw Xs-bm-Wv. AXv
t{ImUo-I-cn-p--Xn\v aptm t{ImUo-I-cn--Xn\v tijtam AXn anYy ISpIqSp-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
I-bn-. AXv bpn--\pw, kzbw kvXpXyl-\p-am-bn-p--h-\n \nv Cd--s-Xm-Ip-p. app {]hm-N-Iam-tcmSv ]d-b-s--X-msXmpw \ntmSv \mw
]d-bp-n-. \nbw \ns \mY Gsd s]mdp-p--h-\pw, thZ-\m-P-\-I-ambn innp--h\pw Xs-b-tm. Jkzkv: 85-86 , \n-bw \ns-ta Cu Jp-B \n_amnb- h \ns \smcp aS- - - e tv Xncn- p- s Im- p- t ]m- h pI
XssNpw. \o ]d-bpI: BcmWv kamKw sImp-h--sX-pw, BcmWv hyamb hgn-tI-Sn-sepw Gw Adn-bp--h Fs \mY Xs-bm-Ip-p.
446
"\nbw \mwX-sbmWv Cu Jp-Bs\ Ah-X-cn-n-n-p-Xv. \nbw \mw

AXns\ kqnp-h\pw Xs-bmWv' Fv Jp-B-\n Hcn-Spw ]d-bmsX
"\nbw \mwX-sbmWv Cu ZnIv Ah-X-cn-n-n-p-Xv. \nbw \mw AXns\
kqnp- h \pw Xs- b mWv ' Fv ]d- - X n \npw Jp- B \ns
Bibs(AmsX Jp-B-\ns ico-c-amb Ad_n aqe-s-b-) ]q-ambn
aqSn-shmt\m, \in-n-m-t\m, hfsm-Sn-mt\m Hcmpw km[ya. Btcm-]W-fpw A[n-t-]-fpwsImv AXns {]Nmc-Iamsc XS--s-Spm-t\m,
KqVmtem-N-\-sImv Ahsc \in-n-mt\m AXns hym]\s XS-bphmt\m
Hcp-i-npw Hcn-epw km[y-a-. Bsc-nepw AXns Bi-bw amnd-bp-Itbm
aqSn-sh-p-Itbm sNbvXm, Amlp Ahs ap krn-I-sf-smv bmYmyw
]pd-p-sIm-p-h-v -A-hs ZuXyw ]qn-bm-p--Xm-Wv. -a\p-jy AXn\v Xmd-m Imew hcp-tm, \wev: 82 {]Imcw arKs Ab-n-s-nepw Amlp
AXv \S-n-em-pI XssNpw. Fm I]-S-hn-izmknI Bi-b-samw Adnnv AXns\ aqSn-sh-p-I-bpw, hf-sm-Sn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXp-sImmWv
Ahsc Amlp h[nv If-n-cn-pp Fv ap\m-^n-Jq: 4 ]d-n-p--Xv.
hnizm-kn-If
- psS kwL-tmSv Ahsc h[n-Wsav Xu_: 123- I]n-n-papv.
AAvdm^v: 175-176, Xu_: 32-33, 67-68, dAvZv: 41-42 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Jp-B-\ns lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn-ep Bibw, {kjvSm-hns samw
krjvSnIp apJ-]-{X-am-bXn-\m, AXv Hcp hyntm kwL-nt\m kapZm-b-nt\m Ah-cpsS Ip-I-bmn shbvm ]mSn-. AXv em`w t\Sp--Xn\v
thn A-Snv hn]-\ \-S-mt\m AXns ]I-h-Imiw kzIm-cy-kz-m-nsh-bvmt\m Hcmpw Ah-Im-i-an-. As\ sNbvXm Ah X-fpsS hbdp-I-fn Xobm-Wv \nd-p--sXv _Jd: 174- ]d-n-p-v. Ghpw henb A\p{K-l-amb AXv, krjvSm-hns A\p-{K-l--fmb shw, shfnw, hmbp apX-embh t]mse Fm krjvSn-Ipw Hcpt]mse Ah-Im-isXm-Wv. Fm kzKn-tev Xncnvt]mIp hnip-amv am{Xta AXv D]-Im-c-s-Sp-I-bpp
FmWv Ahm-JnA: 79- "hnipamcmsX AXv kv]in-p-I-bn' Fv
]d--Xns Bibw. F-msX, "hpfqAv'Aw-K-ip-n CmsX AXv sXmS-cpXv
F. A-s\bmsW-n Xu_: 95 amen-\y-am-sWv Amlp hnti-jnn I]-S-hn-izmkn-IsfbmWv AXv sXmSm A\p-h-Zn-m-Xn-cn-t--Xv. Xu_: 125 Jp-B-\ns Bibw Ahv amen-\y-n-\p-ta amen-\y-a-msX hn-n-
lnPv (15)
447
p-I-bn Fpw ]d-n-p-v. a\p-jym-m-hns `-Whpw hkv{X-hp-amb JpB-\ns Bibw B-h-m-cn-IfSw Fm-hcpw Fm-bvtmgpw D]-tbm-Kn-t-Xm-Wv. AAvdm^v: 26, lqZv: 88, dAvZv: 31 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
10.
\nbw \n\p apv ]qn-I-cmb \nc-h[n hn`mK--fn-tev \mw

ZqXamsc \ntbm-Kn-n-p-ap-XmWv.
11.
Ah-cntev Hcp {]hm-N-I\pw hn-n-Ah At-ls ]cn-lknpsImn-cp-n--msX.
bmko: 30- Amlp ]d-bp-p: Hm, Fs ASn-a-I-fpsS Imcyw IjvSw!

Ah-cn-tev Hcp {]hm-N-I\pw hn-n---A-h At-ls ]cn-l-knv sImn-cpn--m-sX. A-Bw: 5, 10, lqZv: 8, dAvZv: 32 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
12.
A{]- I mcw {`mam- c psS lrZ- b - - f n- t ev \mw AXns\

(JpB\nsBibs) Npp-]-gp teml--n-sb-tmWw Xpfp-I-bp-I-bm-Ip-p.
13.
Ah AXvsImv hniz-kn-p-I-bn. \nbw ]qn-I-cpsS Ncy

\n\v hp-In-n-bn-p--XpamWtm.
AXm- b Xv Jp- B \ns Bibw, _pn- b p- ] - t bm- K nv Nnn- m

{`mamcpsS lrZ-b--fn-tev Npp-]-gp In-sb-tmWw IS-n-hn-Sp-Xv
Amlp Xs-bm-Wv. F-msX \_ntbm hnizm-kn-Itfm A. Fm Ah-cXn hniz- k n- p- I - b n. ]qn- I - I m- e - p \ntj- [ n- I - f psS Ah- bpw
CXvXsbmbn-cp-p. Ap-A-dm-Av: 198201 Amlp ]d-bpp: \mw Cu JpB\ns\ Ad-_n-b
- m GsX-nepw APv\_n `mj-bn Cd-p-Ib
- pw, Ah-cpsSta
AXv ]mcm-bWwsNbvXv tIn-p-I-bp-am-sW-nepw AhcXn hniz-kn-p-I-bn.
A{]-Imcw \maXns\ Npp-]-gp In-sb-tmWw {`mam-cpsS lrZ-b--fn-tev
IS-n-hnSp-I-bm-Wv, -th-Z-\m-P-\-I-amb in ImWp-tm-gmsX Ah-c-Xn hnizkn-p-I-bn--. {`mam Bcm-sWv AAvdm^v: 40, bq\p-kv: 17 kq--fpsS
hni-Zo-I-c-W-n t\mpI. bmko: 10-11 kq--fn Amlp ]d-bp-p: AhcpsS Imcy-n \o ap-dn-bnv \Ip--Xpw, \Im-Xn-cn-p-Xpw ka-amWv, Ah
hniz-kn-p-I-bn-. \nbw, Jp-B\ns Bibw ]n]-p--hscbpw ]c-a-Im-cpWn-Is\ ImWmsXIv `b-s-Sp--h-scbpw am{X-am-Wv \o DWp-I. Atm
Ah\v ]m]-tam-N-\hpw am\y-amb {]Xn-^-ehpw Ds ktm-j-hm Adn-bnp-I. AXm-bXv Jp-B-\ns Bibw tI-Xp-sIm-m-bn, adnv ]d-bp--Im-cy Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n Dtm Fv ]cn-tim-[nv Ddv hcp-p-Ibpw
]n]-p-Ibpw thWw Fw. AAvdm^v: 2, lqZv: 120 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
"Npp-]-gp teml--n-sb-tmWw Xpf-p-I-bp-I-bm-Ip-p' Fv ]d--
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Xn \nv Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]d-bp-X,v amh-amtbm P\--fpsS CjvSm-\njvS- ]cn-K-WnpsImtm, kap-ZmbXm]-cy- kwcnpsImtm, sXmSn-Ifpw duVn-I-fp-amb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-IfpsS {]Xn-I-cWw `b-sp-sImtm Bbncn--cpXv Fm-Wv. adnv cmPm-[n-cm-Ps hnfw-_-c-amb AXv knwl-K\w
t]msebmWv P\-sf tI]n-tXv. Atm \ntj[n-I knwl-K\w
tIv hnc-tm-SsSp ImpI-gp-X-Isftmse AXn\nv hnc-tm-Sp--XmWv
Fv ap-kn: 49-51 ]d--npv. Am-cn-bmv: 50- "Atm \n Amlp-hn-tev hnc-tm-SpI' Fv ]d--Xn\m hnizm-kn-I, as-m-bn-S-p-\npw
Jp-B-\ns Bibw knwl-K\w t]mse ]d-bp kZ-n-te-mWv hnctmSpI. kpa: 23- X-fpsS \mYs\ `b-s-Sp--h-cpsS lrZ-b--fpw sXmenIfpw Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n-tev Xfn-cn-X-amIpw Fv ]d-n-p-v. lrZbw
Xf-ncn-X-am-Im Jp-B-\ns Bibw hmbn-m aXn-sb-n, sXmen Xfn-cn-X-amIm knwl-K\w t]mse ]d-bp Jp-B-\ns Bibw tIp-I-Xs
thWw. amCZ: 60, AAvdm^v: 175-176, dAvZv: 11, C_vdmlow: 46 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
448
14.
\mw AhcpsSta BIm-i

- ns Hcp hmXn- XpdpsImSp-p-Ibpw,
AhcXn-eqsS Ibdnsmt-bn-cn-p-IbmsW-nepw icn.
15.
Ah ]d-bpIXs sNpw: \nbw \psS ZrjvSn-I s]msncnpp. A; \mw amc-W-n\v hnt[-b-cmb Hcp P\X Xs-bm-Ipp.
JpB\ns Bibn hniz-kn-p--Xn\v thn BIm-i-ns hmXn

Xpdv Ahsc {]Xy--ambn AXn-eqsS Ib-n-smv t]mbmepw, \psS IpI s]m-s-n-cn--bm-Wv, A; \mw IsI-n\v hnt[-b-am-bn-cn-p-I-bmWv
FmWv Fm-e-p-ap \ntj-[n-I ]d-bp-I, AmsX Ah Hcn-epw AXv
sImv hniz-kn-p-I-bn. AAvdm^v: 40, bq\p-kv: 2, 33, dAvZv: 31 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
16.
\nbw BIm-i
- n \mw `-{Z-amb tIm-I \nn-n-p-v. AXns\
t\mnsmn-cnp-hmbn Ae--cn-n-p-ap-v.
tIm, sImmcw, `-{Z-amb sInSw Fo A--fn-emWv Ad-_n-bn "_Pv'

F ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-p--Xv. ^pJm: 61, BIm-iv `-{Z-amb tIm-I Dmp-Ibpw AXn In-{]-Im-in-p hnfvkq-cy \mp-I-bpw, {]tim-`n-p
N{s\ Dm-p-Ibpw sNbvX-h A\p-{K-lo-X-\mWv Fp]d-n-p-v. \_-Av:
13 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. kqdv _pdqPv Bcw-`n-p--Xv, `-{Z-amb tIm-Ifp BIm-iamWv kXyw Fp-]-dpsImm-Wv. BIm-i-v Hmtcm aWvU-e- \n-bnn-p-s-mWv ChnsS ]d-n-cn-p--Xv. apIv: 3, Hn\pta Hmbn XpX-p-I-fmbn Ggv BIm-i-sf krjvSnh\mWv Ah Fp-]-d-n-p-v. kpi-amb AXnn-IsImv Hmtcm aWvU-e-sbpw ap aWvU-e-fn \nv
thXn-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. AZr-iy-amb cq]-n-emWv Cu AXnn-I
lnPv (15)
449
kwhn-[m-\n-n-p--Xv. GsX-nepw Hcp hkvXp-hn\v AXns aWvU-ew- hnv asmcp
aWvU-e-n {]th-in-pI km[y-a-. bmko: 40 Amlp ]d-bp-p: kqcy
N{s aWvU-e-n Fp-I-bn-, cmhv ]I-ens\ apI-S-p-Ibpan-. Fm
Hpw AXn\v \n-bn-n-p {à-W]
- Y
-
- n \onsmn-cn-p-Ib
- m-Ip-p. apIv:
5, \nbw \mw `qanbpsS ASp BImis hnf-p-IsImv Ae--cnncnp-p. B hnf-p-Isf, ]nim-Np-sf Fdnv HmSn-m-\p D]-I-c-W-hp-am-n-bncn-pp Fp-]-d-n-p-v. ChnsS hnf-p-I sImp-t-in-pXv \-{XfmWv.
17.
\mw AXns\, i]n--s Fm Hmtcm ]nim-Nn\npw kpc-n-X-amp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p.
18.
Ah-cn \n v Iv tIp-h-s\m-gn-sI-Atm A-hs\sbmcp

hy-amb {]Im-izme ]npS-cpXm-Wv.
]nim-Nn\pw k-Xn-Ipw Fhn-sSbpw Ftmgpw Ibdn sNm-hp hn[n {]]--amsI XpdpInS-p-I-bm-sW-pw, Ah Dt-in-p GXp-Im-cyhpw
\nln-m Ign-bp-sapw \ntj-[nI hniz-kn-pp. ABw: 128 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I. Fm D]-cn-tem-I-hp-ambn Ahv bmsXmcp _-hpan-. ]cn[nI-sfm-p-anmsX Fpw ISv sNm-\p I-gnshmpw Ahv \I-s-n-pan.
kzm^v^m-v: 610 kq--fn Amlp ]d-bp-p: \nbw `qan-tbm-S-Sp-p
BIm-is \mw \-{X--fm Ae-m-c-am-nbnp-v. kwibw P\n-n-p
[nm-cn-I-fmb Fm ]nim-Np--fn\npw \mw AXns\ kwc-n-n-p-apv.
AXn\m DXes hm- I Ahv tIm- \ m- h p- I - b n- .
\m\m`mKp\npw A[n-n-]vX-cmbn Ahsc Fdnv Xpc-p-Ibpw sNpw.
Ah-km-\n-m inbpw Ahp-v. Fm Nne kq{X-n dmm
Iv tIm {ian-pw. Atm XpfpIb-dp Hcp {]Imizme Ahs\
]np-S-cpXp-am-Wv.
]nim-N-p Nne-sXms Iv tIm {ian-p-p-s-Xv icn-bm-Wv.
BIm-i-p-\nv A]-sa-s-nepw Inn-bm Ah-cXv a\pjyn-im-Np-v
a{np-sIm-Sp-p--Xpw, Ah-cXv DuXn-honv s]mSnpw sXmepwshv, Ifhv
Iqn-tv t\sc hncp--amb Bi-b-n P\-a-[yn Ah-X-cn-n-pXpamWv. hmkvXhn AhcpsS ASp- ]q-amb bYmm-\n\v Hcp
amK-hp-an-(ABw: 112). BcpsStaemWv ]nim-Np- Cd-p-sXv Rm
\nv ]d- p- X - c - s tbm? Ip- h m- f n- I fpw IwsI- n- - a v ]d- b p- - h - c pambhcpsStaemWv, Ah Ip tIp-hcpw, A[n-I-t]cpw Ifhp]-d-bp--h-cpamWv. ey-t_m-[-an-msX Xmgvhc-I-fn AepXn-cnv \S-p Ihn-I-fn-epamWv]n-im-Np- Cd-p-Xv Fv A-p-A-dm-Av: 221-224 kq-fn ]d-np-v. A^m: 2021 t\mp-I. Pnp-]n-im-Np-f
- psS klm-bt- m-Sp-IqSn [mcmfw
tPymyamcpw amc-W-mcpw HSn-bam-cp-w Xv AZr-iy-Im-cy- Adn-bm-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
sav hochmZw apgn P\-sf hio-I-cn-m-dpv. AXp-t]mse amc-Ww-t]m-ep
p{Z{]h-\-v Jp-B kq- D]-tbm-K-s-Spp ]nim-Np-
a\p-jy-cn-ep-ap-v. P\-v Ah-cn\nv ss\an-jn-I-amb Nne t\- e`npXpamWv. _-Jd: 102 t\mp-I. Cl-tem-I-v t\- e`n-psanepw
bYm Pohn-X-e-y-amb imizX-amb ]c-temIPohnX hnPbw Ahv amcWmpw Ah-sc kao-]n-p--hpw \-s-Sp--Xm-Wv. ac-W-tm-Sp-IqSn Ah
\c-I-n {]th-in-n--s-Sp-IXs sNpw. samw Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-anmsX {K-n\nv NneXv FSpp-I-bpw, ap NneXv Hgn-hm-p-Ibpw sNpXv ]nim-Nns t{]c-W-v hnt[-b-am-b-h-cm-Wv. Ahv Cl-n \ny-Xbpw
]c-n ITn-\a
- mb in-bp-am-Wp-X
- v. _Jd: 85 t\mpI. Ah-ch
- c
- psS hgntISn\v
]nim-Nns\ Ipw]dv c-s-Sm km[n-p-I-bn-sv C_vdmlow: 22- \nv
a\-n-em-p-I. AAvdm^v: 175-176, dAvZv:14-15 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
450
Xpf-p-I-b-dp {]Imizme FXv sImp-t-in-p--Xv, sImn-ao-\pD-II-fp-amImw. `qan-bn-tev Zn\w-{]Xn hjn-p-sIm-n-cn-p sImnao-\p-I-fn IjvSnv Hv am{Xw `qan-bn-te-s-p-Ibpw _mn sho-dm-hp-Ibpw
sNp-Xv BIm-iv Amlp m]n ImWm km[n-m tIm-I aq-eamIpp. kqcy-{]-Im-i-n \np A{Smh-b-ev civan-I XS-bp--Xn\pw apw
`qanvNppw m]n Hmtkm]mfn CXp-t]m-epsmcp tIm-bm-bn-cnmw.
Adlvam: 3132 kq-fn Amlp tNmZn-p-p: Pnp-I-fp-sSbpw a\p-jy-cpsSbpw kwL-ta, BIm-i--fp-sSbpw `qan-bp-sSbpw AXnn IS-pt]mIm
\nv km[n-p-sa-n t]mIm {ian-p-I. hy-amb A[n-Im-c-an-msX{]am-W-an-m-sX \nv Atmv t]mIm-\m-hn. Atm \n Ccp-Iq--cpsSbpw \mYs GtXXv Ign-hp-I-sf-bmWv \ntj-[n-p-I? ChnsS A[nImcanmsX
{]-am-W-an-m-sX Fp-]-d-Xv Ckvdm-Av: 80- -]-d kpm- B-Wv. AXv
An-km-Av: 174- ]d _plm\mb JpB\ns Bibw XsbmWv.
CkvdmAv: 80- {]Imcw apl-Zv \_n-tbmSv Amlp {]mn-m ]d-p: F\nv
\nn \np Hcp A[n-Im-cnsb klm-bn-bmbn \ntbm-KnpXcnI. Ckvdm-Av:
1 ]d apl- Zv \_n- b psS kzKm- t cm- l Ww \S- - X v B kpm
sImmWv. {]Im-i-am-Ip Jp-B\ns Bibaps-n BImins hmXnep-I Xpdv Inp-I-bpw, kzK-n {]th-in-p-Ibpw sNm-hp--Xm-Wv. AXns-n Ahv BIm-i-ns hmXn-ep-I XpdpsImSp-p-I-tbm, Xpmcs kqNn-bpsS Zzmc-n-eqsS HIw {]th-in-p-Xphsc Ah kzK-n
{]th-in-p-I-tbmbn-sv AAvdm^v: 40- ]d-n-p-v. AAv-dm^v: 157, dAvZv: 31
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
19.
`qantbm, AXns\ \mw \oncn hnim-e-am-pI-bpw, AXn \mw

]-X- Dd-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXn \mw kp-enXamb A\p]m-Xn FmXcw kky-sfbpw apf-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
lnPv (15)
451
lv: 5, `qan-sb \n\v hcv InS-p--Xmbn ImWmw. \mw ag hjnn-p-tm AXv kv^pSn-pIbpw XpSn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. `wKn-bp ]e-Xcw
kky-sf \mw, tPmUn-bmbn AXn\nv apf-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p Fp-]-dbpp. "_loPv' Fp-]-d-m, IuXp-I-ap-, `wKn-bp-, BIjn-p Fsm-amWv Bi-bw. AtX Bibw ChnsS "aukq' Fp-]-d-Xn\p-apvv, IqSmsX
Imem-h-v A\p-kr-X-ambn Fpw Bi-b-ap-v. Cu ac-pw sNSn-Ipw
hf-fn-Ip-sa-mw BIr-Xnbpw Fhpw \n-bn--h {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb
Amlp-hm-Ipp. dAvZv: 34 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
20.
\nXn Pohn-tXm-]m-[n-I-fpv\n Xon-tmmhbvpw.
Fm krjvSn-Ipw `qan-bn `-W-ap-s-pw AsXmw Hcp {K-n

tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p-spw lqZv: 6epw, Jp-B\ns Bi-bs Ah-K-Wnv Pohnp-hv Cl-n CSp-nb, IpSp-mb Pohn-tXm-]m-[n-I-fmWv D-sXv
Xzmlm: 124-epw ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 29, AAvdm^v: 32, 179 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
21.
bmsXmcp hkvXp-hp-an-, AXns JP-\mhv \psS ]-em-bn--msX. AsXmw \mw Hcp \nnX tXmX-\p-kc
- n-msX Cdn sImncn-p-pan.
sNSn-I-fpsSbpw a\p-jy-c-S--ap Poh-Pm-e-fpsSbpw Imcy-n am{X-a

\nPohhkvXp-fmb kqcy, N{, \-{X-, `qan, BImiw, shw, shfnw, hmbp, NqSv, XWpv XpSn Fm-n\pw Hcp \nnX ]cn-[nbpw Ah-[nbpapv FmWv kqw ]Tn-n-p-Xv. {]m]-nI hyh-Isfmw XnI
kpenX-Xz-nepw tbmPn-nepamWv ImW-s-Sp-X.v AXv \ne\nm-\p
{XmkmWv Jp-B-\ns lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn-ep Bi-bw. AAvdm^v: 172-173,
22.
]cm-KWw \S-p Imp-Isf Ab-p-Xpw \mw Xs-bm-Wv. \mw

BIm-ip\nv sh-an-d-p-p, As\ \mw AXv \nsf IpSnn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. \n AXns JP-\m-hp-I-fpsS DS-a-I-sfmp-a--tm.
_Jd: 164 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. "Jkm' Fp-]-d-m shw tiJcn-p hmSmv Fm-Ww. Atm ChnsS Amlp tNmZn--bm-Wv: B
shw tiJ-cn-p--Xpw, AXv hjn-n-p--Xpw, AXns Af-hv Xocp-am-\n-pXpw \nftm. A hmJnA: 68-70 Amlp tNmZn-p-p: \n IpSnp shspdnv \n a\-n-em-n-bnptm? taL--fn \nv \nfmtWm AXns\ Cd-nbXv, AtXm \mamtWm? \mw Dt-in-n-cp-s-n AXns\
Dv ck-ap-X
- m-p-am-bn-cp-p, Atm \n Fp-sImv \n- {]-IS- n-n-pn?
apAvan\q: 18- Amlp ]d-bpp: \mw BIm-i-p-\nv IW--\p-k-cnv sh-
452
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
an-d-pp. ]ns AXns\ \mw `qan-bn Xma-kn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. \nbw

\mw, AXns\ \on--f-bm Ign-hp--h Xs-bm-Ip-p. apIv: 30 \_ntbmSv tNmZn-m ]d-bpp: \n Nnn-n-ptm, \nv IpSn-m-\p shav Xmgvp- t]m-hp-I-bm-sW-n As-n hntm-hp-I-bm-sW-n, Atm
BcmWv \nv IpSn-m-\p- sXfn-\o sImphv Xcm-\p-Xv? dAvZv: 17
23.
\nbw \mw Xs-bm-Ipp Pohn-n-p-Xv, acn-n-p-Xpw \mw

XsbmIpp. Fm-nsbpw A\--cm-h-Im-i-sa-Sp-p-Xpw \mw
Xs-bm-Ip-p.
\mw Xs-bmWv Pohn-n-p--Xpw, acn-n-p-Xpw, \n-tev Xs-bmWv

Fm-h-cp-sSbpw aS-hpw Fv Jm^v: 43-epw, \nbw \mw Xs `qan-sbbpw
AXnep--h-sbbpw A\--cm-h-Im-i-sa-Sp-p--Xm-Wv. \n-tev Xs-bmWv Ah
Fm-h-scbpw aS-s-Sp-Xpw Fv adn-bw: 40-epw ]d-n-p-v. \psS kqsf \ntj-[n--hs\ \o In-t? Ah ]d-bpp: F\nv kpw km\fpw [mcmfw \Is-npv Fv adnbw: 77epw, Ah ]d-bp--sXms
\mw Xs A\--cm-h-Im-i-sa-Sp-p-I-bpw, Ahs\ \mw Hmbn sImp-h-cn-Ibpw
sNp-sav 80epw ]d-n-p-v. apIv: 24- \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm I]n-pp:
Ah\mWv \nsf `qan-bn ]c-n-bn-n-cn-p-X
- v, Ah-\n-tev Xs-bmWv \n
]p\o-hn-nsmcp-anpIq-s-SpI. ap-Avan\q: 79, AhXsbmWv \nsf
`qan-bn ]c-n-bn-n-cn-p--Xv, Ah-\n-tev Xs-bmWv \n ]p\o-hnnsmcp-anpIq-s-SpIbpw sNpI Fv ]d-n-pv. AAvdm^v: 43, lqZv: 123
24.
\nbw \n-fn\np apKm-an-Is

- f \ap-vXs Adn-bmw, \nfn\np ]nKm-an-I-sfbpw \ap-vXs Adn-bmw.
25.
\nbw \ns \mY Ahscsbm-h-scbpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-pIXs

sNp--Xm-Ip-p. \nbw Ah bpn-\-mb k-m\n
Xsb-tm.
AAvdm^v: 172-173, bq\pkv-: 61, lqZv: 5-7, C_vdmlow: 28-30 hni-Zo-I-cWw

t\mpI.
26.
\nbw a\p-jys\ \mw, apn-bm i_vZ-ap-m-p-, ZpKw hanp-, Hn-n-Sn-p Idp Ifn-a-n \nmWv krjvSn--Xv.
27.
AXn\papv Pnp-Isf \mw Xozm-e-bn \npw krjvSn-n-p-mbn-cp-p.
lnPv (15)
453
28.
\ns\mY ae-p-It- fmSv C{]-Imcw ]d k`w kvac-Wo-ba

- mWv.
\nbw, Rm apn-bm i_vZ-ap-m-p-, ZpKw han-p, Hnn-Sn-p Idp Ifn-a-n\nv a\p-jys\ krjvSn-p-pv.
29.
As\ Rm Ahs\ cq]-s-Sp-p-I-bpw, Fs dqln \nv

AXn DuXp- I bpw sNbv X m \n- s fmw Ahs apn
kmjvSmwKn hogWw.
kzmZv: 72-epw CtX kqw Bhn-p-p-v. dqln-s\-p-dnv a\-n-emm 1mw hmfyw apJhpc t\mp-I. _Jd: 28, An-km-Av: 1, AAv-dm^v: 178 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
30.
Atm ae-p-I-sfmsbpw Hnv kmjvSmwKw sNbvXp.
31.
C_veokv Hgn-sI.
hnk--Xn-p.
Ah kmjvSmwKw sNp--h-cpsSmw tNcm

32.
Amlp tNmZnp: Hm C_veokv, \n\-sp]n, \o kpPqZv sNp-h-cpsS Iqn s]Sm-Xn-cn-m?
33.
Ah ]dp: apn-bm i_vZ-ap-m-p-, ZpKw han-p-,

Hn-n-Sn-p Idp Ifn-a-psImv krjvSn a\p-jys apn
Rm kpPqZv sNp-h-\mhpI-bn-.
34.
Amlp]dp: Fm \o ChnsS\npw ]pdpt]mhp- I .

Atm \nbw \o ImcpWyw hne--s B-s--h-\m-Ip-p.
35.
\nbw \ns-ta hn[n-Zn-h-k-\mhsc im]-ap-v.
hn[n-Zn-h-k-\mhsc `qan-bn Ah\v im]tmSpIqSnb Bbpv \In-bnpspw, hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn hnNm-c-Wptijw Ahs aSw \c-I-n-te-msWpam- W v hn[n- Z n- h - k - \ mhsc im]- a pv Fp- ] - d Xns hnh- .
C_v d mlow: 22 t\mp- I . ]nimNv hnNm- c Wv tijamWv \c- I - n
t]mhpssXn I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb a\p-jy-n-im-Np-- hnNm-c-W-bn-msX \cI-n t]mtI-h-cmWv. AAvdm^v: 13, Xu_: 55, 80- hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
36.
C_veokv ]d-p: Fs \mYm, Atm Chsc ]p\Pohn-n--sSp-Xphsc F\nv Ah-kcw \In-bm-epw.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
454

37.
Amlp ]dp: icn, \nbw \o Ah-kcw \I-s--h-cn s]ncn-p-p.
38.
kabw -\nbn--s Hcp\mhsc.

39.
C_v e okv ]dp: Fs \o ey- t _m[w \jv S - s - h\mnbXpsImv Rm `qan-bn Ahv Ae-mc ImWnpsImSp
p-I-bpw, Ahsc apgp-h\pw ey-t_m[w \s-Spn bhcm-pIbpw sNpw.
AAvdm^v: 16, 175-176 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
40. Ah-cn \np \ns \njvI-fcmb, {]tXy-I-m-cmb ASn-aIsfsbmgn-sI.

\ns {]tXy-I
- m-cmb ASnaI Fp-]d
-
m, Am-lp-hn\pthn am{Xw
Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn Pohn-p hnizm-kn-I-fm-Wv. {]hm-N-Iam-scmw Amlp-hns {]tXy-I-m-cmb ASn-a-I-fm-sWv bqkp-^v: 24- hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ]dn-p-v. AAvdm^v: 17-, 143, bq\p-kv: 103106, lqZv: 118-119 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
41.
Amlp ]dp: CXmWv Fs t\sc-sNm-s-bp amKw.
AXm-bXv Hmtcm-cp-pw cv amKfp-a-S-nb Jp-B-\ns Bibw

\In. Aw-kv: 710, _e-Zv: 10, Ckm: 3 t\mpI. Hv: Am-lp-hn-tev
Fn-s-Sm-\p kamKw. AAv-dm^v: 178, Xu_: 115 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
cv: B GI-amK-n\v hncp--amb ]nim-Nn-s amK. _Jd: 170171, Ankm-Av: 88, 119, 150, amCZ: 60, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. CkvdmAv: 7 Amlp ]dbp-p: \n \ sNp-p-sh-n AXns KpWw \n-fpsS kzw Bmhn\v
Xs-bm-Wv, A; \n Xn sNp-p-sh-n AXns tZmjhpw \nv
Xs-bm-Wv. a\p-jy-Po-hnXnse GgvL--fn \memwL-amb `qan-bnse
\ntbmKw Ggmw-L--amb kzKw As-n \c-Iw Hmtcm-cp-cpw km-Zn-pXn\p thnbm-Wv. Jp-B hp-In-n-bnv AXns\ kzK-n-te-p Sn-mbn
D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--h kzK-n-te-pw Am--hs-cmw \c-I-n-te-p-amWv.
Jp-B e`n-mhsc Cu cv temI--fp-a-m at-sX-nepw temItv
ktemI--fp-sSbpw DSa \ntbm-Kn-p--XpamWv. ^mnl: 7, AAvdm^v: 18,
150, C_vdm-low: 1 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
42.
\nbw Fs ASn-a-I-fp-sSta \n\v bmsXmcp kzm[o-\-hp-an;
lnPv (15)
455
eyt_m[w \jvS-sv \ns ]n]-n-b-h-cpsStasemgnsI.

Ckvdm-Av: 6465 Amlp ]d-bp-p: ]nim-Nns hmKvZw h-\-bmsXb, \n-b-ambpw Fs ASn-a-I-fp-sS-ta Ah\v bmsXmcp kzm[o-\-hp-an-.
ssIIm-cy-Im-hmbn \ns dv Xs Ghpw aXn-bm-b-h-\m-Wv. kzmZv: 82-83,
]nimNv ]d-p: Atm \ns {]Xm-]-am-Wv, Ahcn \nv \n\pthn am{Xw
Pohn-p-, \ns \njvIf
-
- c
- mb ASn-aI
- sfsbmgnsI _mn-bp-h
- s
- csbmw Rm
hgn-]n-g-n-pI Xs sNpw. \lv: 99- ]d-bp-p: \nbw ]nim-Nn\v XfpsS \mY-\n `c-ta]n hnizm-knIfpsS-ta bmsXmcp kzm[o-\h
- p-an-. AAvdm^v:
27, 175, lnPv: 17-18 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
43.
\nbw Ah-tcmSv apgp-h\pw hmKvZw sN-s-np-Xv \c-I

- pw
Xsbm-Ipp.
An-km-Av: 118, lqZv: 118-119 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
44.
AXn\v Ggv hmXn-ep-I-fp-v. Fm Hmtcm hmXn-epw Ah-cn\np

Hmtcm {]tXyIhn-`mKn\v \n-bn-sn-cn-pp.
hnhn[ Xc-n-ep sXp-I {]hn--hv \c-I-n-s hnhn[ hmXnep-If

- n-eqsSbmWv {]th-i\w e`n-p-I. \_n Fm aKvcn_v, kp_vlv \a-kI
v mcv
tijhpw Ggv {]mhiyw \c-Issmv ctXSn-bn-cp-p. Atm Hmtcm {]mhiyhpw. "Am-lp-th, Fs \o \c-Issmv Impcn-t-Wta' Fp-]-dbp-tm Cu Ggv Ihm-S-sf a\-n Hman-t--Xm-Wv. \m, hbv, Pl-w,
lpXzax, Plow, kCu, kJ Fo t]cp-I-fn Ah Jp-B-\n ]cm-ain-s-n-p-v. Am-lp-th, \nbw R \ntmSv kzKhpw AXn-tev ASp-np hmp-Ifpw {]hn-Ifpw tNmZn-p-Ibpw, R \c-Issmpw AXnte-S- p-n-p hmp-It- fbpw {]hn-It- fbpw sXmv A`bw tXSp-Ibpw sNpp.
45.
\nbw ap-Jo- kzK-q-tm-p-I-fn-epw, Acp-hn-I-fn-ep-am-bncnpw.
_Jd: 2, B {Kw AXns Imcy-n kwi-ba

- n-, AXv ap-Jo-v
lpZbmWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Atm BcmtWm Jp-Bs\ ]n]-p-Xv AYhm
lpZ-bmbn kzoI-cn-Xv Ah-cmWv ap-Jo-. kpa: 33- Amlp ]d-bp-p:
BmtWm "kznZvJv' hp-In-pIbpw, AXns\ kXy-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXXv,
Aq- Xs-bm-Ipp ap-Jo-. \nbw Cu Jp-B ap-Jo-v Hcp
Snv Xs-bmWv Fv AlmJ: 48- ]d-n-p-v. bq\pkv: 108, lqZv: 120,
dAvZv: 31 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
46. kpc-n-X-cmbn, kam-[m-\-tmsS \nfXn {]th-in-p-sIm-pI.
456
47.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Ah-cpsS s\pIfn-ep-mtb-m-hp hntZz-j-sf \mw \on-I-fbpI-bpw, Ah ]c-kv]cw ktlm-Zc
-
- f
- mbnsmv In-epIfn A`nap-J-ambn Ccn-p--XpamWv.
hnNm-c-W-bn-msX kzK-n t]mIp "km_n-Jo-fp'sS a\-n ]ckv]cw Hcp hntZzjhpw Dm-hp-I-bn. Fm hnNm-c-W-p-tijw kzKn
t]mIp he-Xp-]--mcmb hnizm-kn-Iv ]c-kv]cw Dm-bncp sNdnb sXnm-c-W-Itfm A`n{]mb- hy-Xym-k-tfm \on-fv Ahsc kzK-n ktlmZcktlmZ-cn-I-fmbn {]th-in-n-p--Xm-Wv. kzK-n t]mIp hnizmkn-I
Xn ASn-m-\-]-c-amb Imcy--fn A`n-{]m-b- hy-Xymkw Dm-hp-I-bn Xs.
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf shdp-m, hntcm-[hpw i{Xp-Xbpw shp-]p-em
Hcmpw ISp-Ip-a-Wnqw hnizm-k-ap-m-hp-I-bn-, Ah kzK-n {]th-inp-Ib
- pan. AAvdm^v: 43, A^m: 63-64, Xu_: 7173, 85 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
48.
AXn Ahsc HcpoWhpw _m[n-p-I-bn, Ah AhnsS\nv

]pd-m--s-Sp-h-cmhpI-bp-an-.
\_n ]Tn-n-p-I-bp-m-bn, kzK-hm-kn-I-tfmSv ]d-b-sSpw: \n ChnsS

Fpw Btcm-Ky-hmam-cm-bn-cn-pw, Hcn-epw tcmKw _m[n-p-I-bn-. Fspw
\n ChnsS Pohn-pw, Hcn-epw acn-p-I-bp-an-. Fm-epw \n bphm-fm-bn-cn-pw, Hcn-epw hmIyw _m[n-p-I-bn-. Fpw \n ChnsS ncXm-a-k-m-cm-bn-cn-pw, Hcn-epw ]pd-p-t]mtI-n-h-cn-I-bn-. Ilv^v: 108, hnizkn- p- I bpw kI- A\p- j v T npIbpw sNp àm- m- h s,
kzKqtm-p-I-fmWv hncp-mbn e`n-p-I. Ah-c-Xn Fspw Xma-kn-pw,
AhnSw hnp-t]m-Im Ah sImXn-p-I-bp-an- Fpw, \_-Av: 3136 kq-fn, àmv Xo-bmbpw hnP-b-m-\-ap-v. DZym-\--fpw, apn-cn-tm-p-Ifpw, ka-{]m-b-m-cmb CW-I-fpw, ]X-bp Nj-I--fp-ap-v. AXn Ah s]mfnh-N-\-tfm, A\m-hiyh-am\-tfm tIp-I-bn. CsXmw \ns \mY\n\np IW-n-m {]Xn-^-e--fmWv Fp-]-d-bp-p. A hmJznA: 1026
kq--fn, hnNm-c-W-bn-msX kzK-n-tev t]mIph, Ah \nXym-\
kzK-q-tm-p-If
- n Am-lp-hns kmao-]y-c
- mbn IgnpIqSp-Xm-Wv. Ah
BZy-Im-ep-h-cn\nv Hcphn`m-Khpw, Ah-km-\-mcn\nv hfsc Ipdpw
am{X-am-Wv. Ah \hcXv\- ]Xn Bp-I-n-ep-I-fn apJm-apJw Nmcn-bn-cn-pw.
nc-{]m-b-m-cpw ntcm-mln-I-fpamb Ipn-I Ahv Nppw ]m\-]m-{X-fpw
IqP-Ifp-ambn HmSn\Spw. AXn\nv IpSnm Xe-th-Z-\tbm el-cntbm Ahsc
_m[n-p-I-bn-. tacw ]g-hpw tamln-p ]n-amw-khpw Ahv Inpw.
Ahv, aqSn-shv Impkqn ]hngappt]msebp at\m-lcn-I-fmb hnimem-nI Ahn-sS-bp-v. CsXmw Ah-cpsS {]h-\-p {]Xn-^-eambnmWv e`n-p-Xv. Ah AhnsS s]mfn-h-N-\tam Ak-`ytam A\m-hiy kwkmctam tIp-Ib
- n-"kam-[m\w', "kam-[m\w' F hmp-If
-
- m-sX. A hmJznA:
lnPv (15)
457
27-40 kq-fn, heXv ]-mscpdnv ]d-bpp: GXmWv heXp]w?
BcmWv heXp]-m? Ah apn-m Cehrpw, CS-Xq
hmg-Ipw hnim-e-amb XW-ep-Ipw, Hgp-Ip Acp-hn-Ipw, Xov t]mhpItbm, XS-b-s-Sp-Itbm sNm ]g-p-an-S-bn IgnvIqSp--Xp-am-Wv.
Db hncn-p-I-fn Ah hn{i-an-pw. heXp]-mv thn Ah-cpsS CWIsf kzKkp-cn-Ifmn hfn-bXv \nbw \mw X-sbm-Wv. Ahsc hnip
I\y-I-Ifpw, ka-{]m-b-mcpw, bphXzw Xpfp-p--h-cp-am-n. kzK-n {]th-innp ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw ap-n-aqv hb-p-Im-cm-bn-cn-p-sav \_n
]Tn-n-n-p-v. CsXmw heXp]mp--Xm-Wv. Ah BZy-Ime-phcn \nv Hcp- hn-`m-Khpw, Ah-km-\-m-cn \nv Hcp- hn-`m-KhpamWv. Ben-Cwdm: 133-136, dAvZv: 23-24, C_vdmlow: 23-25 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
49. Fs ASn-a-Isf Adn-bn-p-I, \nbw Rm Gsd s]mdp-p-
Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n- Xs-bmsWv.
50.
\nbw Fs inAXpXs- b mWv Ghpw thZ- \ m- P - \ IambsXpw.

amCZ: 98, ABw: 165 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
51.
Ahsc C_vdm-lo-ans AXn-Yn-Isfpdnpw Adnbnp-I.
C_vdmloansbpw XpSv eqv P\-X-bp-sSbpw kw`h I-Y-I hnh-cnpIhgn Cu kqd-nse 78 kq--fn \ntj-[n-I \_n-tbmSv: \o {]hm-N-I\m-sW-n R-fpsS apn ae-p-Isf sImp-h-cm-sXv FvtNmZnXn\v
adp-]Sn \IpIbm-Wv. ae-p-Isf \mw A-s\-bv Cd-m-dn-s-pw, bmYmyhp-wsImv, ey-tm-Sp-IqSn am{Xta Ahsc Cd-p-Ibp qshpw kwn-]vXambn AhnsS adp-]Sn \In-bXv ChnsS hni-Zo-Icn-p-I-bm-Wv. Ah-tcmSv ]dbpp: B bmYmy--fn-sem-p-am-bn-mWv ae-p-I C_vdm-lo-ans ASp-
hn-cp--Xv. 49-mw kq-a-\p-k-cn-p Am-lp-hns Imcp-Wys nco-I-cnp kw`-ha
- m-bn-cpp AXv. aepI eqv P\-Xb
- psS ASp- sNXv asmcp
bmYmy-hp-am-bn-m-Wv, AYhm 50-mw kq-{]Im-c-ap Am-lp-hns in-bpam-bnv. CXn GXv bmYmy-hp-am-bn-m-bn-cnpw Ah \n-fpsS Acn-InhcnI
Fv kzbw Nnn-p-I.
apkvenwI-fmWv Cv temI P\-X-bnshv Ghpw sXm-Sn-Ifpw [nm-cn-Ifp-ambn PohnXw \bn-p-Xv FXv Hcp ZpxJkXy-am-Wv. Jp-B\ns Bi-bn\nv t]mb-XmWv CXn\v Imc-Ww. Fm Ah C_vdm-lo-an-sbpw aplZnsbpw Pohn-X-amWv \bn-p--sXv hmZn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Jp-B\ns
Bi-b-n-tev hc-Ww, Jp-B\ns samw Bi-b-an-msX {]m-\-Iv
Dcw e`n-p-I-bn-, I- kzoI-cn--s-Sp-I-bn(_Jd: 186) Fv Ah-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
458
tcmSv ]d-bp hnizm-kn-ItfmSv Ah tNmZnpI: Amlp Gsd s]mdp-p--h\pw, Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-at Fm-Wv. Fm `qan AXns kp-e\--n \ne\nm-\p Jp-B\ns Bibw aqSn-sh--h-tcmSv Amlp {]Xn-Im-c-amWv
sNpI(B-en-Cw-dm: 4), Ah-tcmSv JpBsImv A[n-I-cn PnlmZv sNm\mWv ^pJm: 52- Amlp I]n-n-p-Xv. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-tmSv
Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf h[n-m\pw I]n-n-pv. Xu_: 73, 123 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI. Fm AXv Cukm\_n h-tijw am{Xta \S-n-em-hp-I-bpq. BZyw ako-lp--memWv hcnI, Ahs\ kzmKXw sNpI I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifm-Wv. ako-lp--m-ens\ Xncn--dn-bm-\p amKw JpB\ns Bi-b-amWv
Fsmw ]dv Ahsc XmoXv \Ip-tm Ah ]d-bp-Xv: CXv Xo{h-hmZ-am-Wv, ]WvUn-Xam-sc-sbmw sIm-W-sa-tm? CXv Jp-B-\n- Amlp ]dXm-Wv, {]hm-N-I-\n-eqsS Amlp ap-dn-bnv \Inb-XmWv F-Imcyw {inv
Ah-c-h-cpsS Pohn-X-coXn Xncp-mt\m `qansb \in-n-p {]h-\--fn
\nv amdn-\nmt\m Cu -]n-im-Nns {]Xn-\n-[n-I Xm-d-. AAvdm^v: 169170,
Xu_: 23-24, 95, 124125, bq\pkv: 33 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
52.
Ah At-l-ns ASp- {]th-inpIbpw, Xmv kam-[m\-ap-m-Is Fv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Atm C_vdmlow ]d-p:
\nbw Rv \nsfpdnv `bw tXmp-p.
53.
ae-p-I ]d-p: `b-s-tS-. \nbw R Xmsmcp

m\n-bmb ]p{Xs\pdnv ip`-hm Adn-bn-p--h-cm-Ip-p.
AXm-bXv lqZv: 71- ]d Ckvlm-Jns P\\spdn-p ip`-hm.
54.
C_vdmlow tNmZn-p: Cu hm-ynepw \nsf\nv ]p{Xe_v[nbpsS ip`hmsbpdnv Adn-bn-p-Itbm? Atm \n

Fsmcp ip`-hmbmWv F\nv \Ip--sXv \n Nnn-nptm?
lqZv: 72-, C_vdmlow \_n-bpsS ]Xv\n- kmdbmWv ae-p-I Adn-bn

Cu ip`-hmbn ApXw {]I-Sn-nv kwkm-cn--sXv ImWmw.
55.
ae-p-I ]dp: R Xmv \Ip-Xv kXyamb ip`hm Xs-bmIpp. Atm Xm Bi-b--hcn s]h\mImXn-cn-p-I.
56. C_vdmlow tNmZnp: hgn-]n-g--h-c-msX BcmWv Xs \mYs ImcpWy-n Bib-hcm-hpI?
lnPv (15)
459
hgn-]n-gv -t]mbhc-msX Am-lp-hns Imcp-Wyssmv Bi-b--h-cmhp-I-bn-s-mWv C_vdmlow \_n adp-]Sn ]d-bp--Xv. lqZv: 73- ae-p-I
C_vdmlow \_n-bpsS ]Xv\n kmd-tbmSv tNmZn-p--Xv: Am-lp-hns I]-\bn \n B-cy-s-Sp-pthm? Hm C_vdm-lo-ans hop-Imtc, \n-fp-sS-ta
Am-lp-hns Imcp-Wyhpw A\p-{K-lh
- p-apv Fm-Wv. Atm ae-p-Ifpw C_vdmloapw kmdbpw hnizm-kn-I-fm-bn-cns Ah Am-lp-hns Imcp-Wyn {]Xo-bn-p--hcmWv. hgn-]n-gv ]nim-Nns hgn-bn k-cn-p \ntj-[n-IfmWv Am-lp-hns ImcpWyssmv Bi-b
- h
- c
- m-hp-I. Xu_: 113-114, bqkp^v:
87, C_vdm-low: 23 t\mp-I.
57.
C_vdmlow tNmZnp: Atbm Ab-s

- -htc, \n-fpsS apJyZuXyw
Fm-Ipp?
ae-p-I a\p-jy-cq-]-n hcp-Xv Ftmgpw Akm-[m-cW k`--fnem-bn-cn-p-sa-pw, Atm Fs-nepw kp{]-[m\ ZuXy-hp-am-bn-m-bn-cnpw Ah
Ab--s-np-mhpI Fpw C_vdmlow \_n-bpsS Cu tNmZy-n \nv hyam-Ip-p-v. lqZv: 74 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
58.
ae-p-I ]dp: \nbw R {`mam-cmb Hcp P\Xbntev

Ab--s--hcm-Ip-p.
Hcp P\-X-bpsS t]cv ]d-bmsXs B P\-Xsbpdnv C_vdmlow

\_nsbtmep--hv a\-n-em-I--hw eqv P\X ey-t_m[w \jvSsv {`mam-cm-bn-on-cpp Fv Cu kqw hy-am-p-p. AXp-t]mse
Jp- B ]n]- p AYhm Am- l p- h ns {]Xn- \ n- [ nbmbn Pohn- p
HcmfpanmsX Fm-hcpw {`mam-cm-Ip-tm-gmWv temIw Ah-km-\n-p-I. hnizmknI: Rsf \o Jp-B-\n-s Bibw aqSn-sh-p sXm-Sn-I-fmb I]-S-hnizmknIfpw Jp-B-\ns Bibw kzbw D]-tbm-Kn-msX, ap--hv D]-tbm-Knm \Im A{I-an-Ifpw, Jp-B\
- ns Bi-bs
- -p-dnpw Pohn-Xe
-
- yspdnpw Nnn-m {`mamcpamcptX; Rsf \o JpB\ns\ kXy-s-Spp--hcpw Jp-B ]n]-t--hn[w ]n]-p--h-cp-w, km_nJo--tfm-sSmw,
]pWym-m--tfm-sSmw kzK-n {]th-in-p--hcpam-t-Wta Fv Ftmgpw
{]mnp--h-cm-Wv. bq\pkv: 17, lqZv: 17 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
59.
eqns IpSpw-_-sam-gn-sI. \nbw \mw Ahsc apgp-h c-sSp-pIXssNpw.
B \mn eqns IpSpw-_-sam-gn-sI as-m-hcpw {`mam-cm-bngn-ncpp Fw. bq\pkv: 103 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
60.
At-l-ns ]Xv\n-sbm-gn-sI. \nbw Ah ]ndsI \np--
460
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
hcpsS Iq-n-em-bn-cn-p-sav \mw \n-bn-n-cn-p-p.
Am-lp-hns I]-\-I am{Xw A\p-k-cn-p-I, [nmcw Xosc hcm-XncnpI FXmWv ae-p-I-fpsS kz`m-hw. ChnsS Amlp ]d-bp--Xp-t]mse
"\mw c-s-Sp-pw, \mw \n-bn-n-cn-pp' FsmamWv aep-I ]d-bpXv. CXn\npw a\-n-em-t-Xv ae-p-IfpsS {]h\w Amlphns
t\cn-p {]h-\-v kaam-Wv Fm-Wv. \wev: 82-, Ay\m ASp-ptm `qan-bn\nv Hcp arKs ]pd-s-Sp-hn-p-I-bpw, B arKw P\--tfmSv,
"\nbw P\ \psS kq--fn ZrVt_m[yan-m--h-cm-Ipp' Fp]-dbp-Xv Am-lphn\v thn am{X-am-Wv. B arKw {]k-hn-p-Itbm {]k-hn--s-SpItbm sNbvXn-p-an---kzm-enlv \_n-bpsS HIw t]mses. Jp-B kqfpsS Bi-b-n-eqsS Am-lphns\ I-hv am{Xta Ccw Znhym-p-X-fn hnizm-ka
- p-m-hp-Ib
- p-q. Am-h
- tcmSv acn-pt]m-bh
- Fgp-tphv Rm
\c-I-n \nmWv hcp--Xv, \o Cu amKw shSn-bWw Fp-]-d-mt]mepw
Ah hniz-kn-p-I-bn-sv A-Bw: 111, dAvZv: 31 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v.
_Jd: 4 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. Ilv^v: 103- Amlp \_n-tbmSv tNmZn-m
]d-bpXv: "{]hn-I \-s--h Bcm-sWv \mw \nv ]d-p-Xcstbm' Fm-Wv. ChnsS Am-lp-hns kzc-n Xs-bmWv \_nbpw kwkmcn-pXv. Jp-B Inn-g
- n-m hnizmkn-I BcpsS apnepw Xe-Ip-\n-m
{]uVcpw, Jp-BsImv Al--cnp-h-cpam-I-W-sav Ben-Cw-dm: 79, Ankm-Av: 82 kq--fn ImWm-hp--Xm-Wv. ^mnl: 4, bq\pkv: 99-100 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI.
61.
As\ Ab--s ae-p-I eqv IpSpw-_-ns ASp-

htm.
62.
eqv ]dp: \nbw \n hntcm-[n--s Hcp P\-X-bm-Wtm!
eqv \_nv ae-p-If

- mWv h-sXv a\-nem-bn-. \n Ctm ChnsS
hcm ]mSp-m-bn-cp-n, Fs P\X, \n h hnh-c-a-dn-m \nsf D]{Z-hn-pw, \nsf kwc-n-m F\nv km[n-pI-bpan-. AAvdm^v: 8084, lqZv:
63.
Atm ae-p-I ]dp: A; GsXmcp kwK-Xn-bpsS BK-a\spdn-mtWm Cu P\w kwi-bn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--XvB kwKXn-bp-ambn h-h-cm-Ipp R.
64.
R \nsbSp- bmYmyhpw sImv h- h - c m- I p- p.

\nbw R kXyw ]d-bp-h Xs-bpam-Ip-p.
bq\p-kv: 108, lnPv: 78 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
lnPv (15)
461
65. Atm cm{Xn Iptd sNm Xm IpSpw-_-sbpw Iqn ew
hnSp-I. Xm Ah-cpsS ]nmse \S--Ww. \n-fn Hcmfpw
Xncnv t\mpIbpw Acp-Xv. Ftmv t]mIm-\mtWm \n I]n-s--Xv--t\sc B Zni-bn \S-p-sIm-p-Ibpw sNp-I.
"Xncn-pt\m-cpXv' Fp-]-d--Xns Dt-iyw, ]nn \np i_vZfpw tImem--l-e-fpw tIp-tm Bcysp-sImv \n AhnsS Xntm-I-cp-Xv FmWv. Ip-hm-fn-I-fpsS \mi-n ZpxJn-m-t\m, Io s]mgn-phm-t\m ]mSn. inn--s-Sp Cu P\-X-bpsS \mn Hcp-\n-anjwIqSn Xp-Ibm-sW-n `b--c-amb B in \npw Nne \- hcp-n-sh-tpw.
66.
\psS B Xocp-am\w \mw At-ls Adn-bn-p\n-bw {]`m-tXmZb-tmsS Cq--cpsS ASn-thcdpv Dqe\w sN-s-Sp-I-bm-sWv.
67.
]-W-hm-kn-I ktm-j-`-cnX-cmbn hcn-I-bp-mbn.
{]Ir-Xnv hncp--amb kzhK-kw-t`mKn apgpIn-bn-cp B P\-X- kpapJam-cmb bphm-fpsS cq]-nh cv ae-p-Isf Itmtgpw \nb-{W-an-msX aXn-a-dv eqns hk-Xn-bn-tev ]m-Sp-p-I-bm-Wpmb-Xv.
68. eqv]dp: \nbw Cq- Fs AXn-Yn-I-fm-Ip-p, Atm
\n Fs Ah-cpsS Imcy-n hj-fm-m-Xn-cn-p-I.
69. \n Amlphns\ kqn-p-Ibpw, Fs \n \ny\m
mXncn-p-Ibpw sNpI.
70.
Ah tNmZnp: temIcpsS Imcyn CS-s]-S-cp-sXv \ns R

hne-n-bn-cp--Xt?
AXm-bXv \o \ns Imcyw t\mp-I, temI-cp-sS- Im-cy-n \o CS-s]-tSXn-. R Ah-cn XnjvSw {]hn-p--Xm-Wv. \o AXv XS-bm-s\mpw
]pd-s-tSXn Fv t\cs \ns Adn-bn-Xt. Fn-cns Ctm Cu
kpap-Jam-cmb bphm--fpsS Imcy-n CS-s]v \o Fn\v Rsf XS-b-Ww?
\o Fn\v ZpxJn-Ww? AAvdm^v: 163-166 t\mp-I.
71.
eqv ]dp: ChnsS Fs s]afnXm! \nv Fs-nepw

sNbvtXXocq Fn!
lqZv: 78- hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
72.
\ns Bbp-mWv kXyw! \nbw Atcw Ah HcpXcw el-cn-
462
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
bn kzbwadv A-ambn BSn-bp-ev hnl-cn-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p.
73.
As\ kqtcymZ-b-tmsS Hcp tLmc-K\w Ahsc ]nSn-Iq-Sn.
74.
Atm B \mns\ \mw apI`mKw ASn-bn-emnsmv Iogvta

adn-p-I-f-p. Ah-cp-sS-ta GXv Iv, Bsc _m[n--W-sav tcJs-Sp-nb Ip-I- sImp ag-hjn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
75.
\nbw B kw`-h-n Jp-B-\ns shfn--n -\nco-Ww

\Sp-hv [mcmfw ]mT--fp-v.
Jp-B-\ns shfn--n \nco-Ww \S-pI Fp-]-d-m, JpB\ns\ DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iambn D]-tbm-KsSpn Fm-Im-cy-fpw lrZ-bw-sImv
a\-n-em-pI Fm-Wv. kam-\-amb sXp-I Bhn-m GsXmcp P\-X-bpsSbpw ]cn-WnXn Ch-cp-tSXpt]mse Xs-bm-bn-cn-p-sav lnIvapw auC-f-pa-S-nb Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nv a\-n-empIbpw, Ccw sXp-I ZqcoI-cn-p--Xn-\p-thn a\-m--hm-Nm--IWm {]hn-p-Ibpw thWw. Ah
am{Xta Jp-B-\ns shfn--n \nco-Ww \S-p--h-cn Ds-Sp-I-bpq.
Ilv^v: 26 Iqn-hm-bnpI. AAvdm^v: 84, bq\pkv: 5758, Alv: 125 hni-ZoIcWw t\mp-I.
76.
\nbw B {]tZiw Ctmgpw \ne- \ np apJy]m- X - b n

XsbmWv.
AXm-bXv lnPm-kn\nv kndn-b-bn-tepw, Cdm-Jn\nv CuPn-]vXn-tepw

t]mIp hgn-bn-emWv Cu hn]v kw`-hn kZqw {]tZ-iw. Cu {]tZ-i--fnsepw Cpw \ne-\np \mi-ns AS-bm-f- AXp-hgn IS-pt]mIp bm{Xm kwL-mv ImWm-hp-X
- m-Wv. Cv \ne-hn-ep NmhpISepweqv
kap-{Zw AXns ]cn-k-c-{]-tZ-i--fp-ambncpp AXv. Nmhp-I-S-ense Pen\v
IqSnb km{Xbp-Xn-\m HpwXs AXn Xmgvp-t]m-hp-I-bn-, am{X-a
Poh-Pm-e--sfmpw Xs AXn hkn-p-p-an-. km{X IqSnb Nmhp-I-S-ense
Pew, kzhKkw-t`mKw hgn ]pd-p-If
-
n-cp C{nbns km{-Xsb {]Zinn-p-p. Pe-w Ftmgpw Htc-hn-Xm\w ]men-pp F XXzhpw Nmhp-I-S-ens
Imcy-n _m[-I-a-. amCZ: 60, AAvdm^v: 175-176 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
77.
\nbw hnizm-kn-I-v AXn [mcmfw ]mT--fp-v.

A^m: 41, lqZv: 120 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
lnPv (15)
78. sF hmkn-Ifpw A{I-an-Ifns-h Xs-bm-bn-cp-p.
463
sFx FXv X_q-ns ]gb t]cm-Wv. tLmc-h-\-sa-mWv B ]Z-n\w. AXp- s Imv sF hmkn- I Fp- ] - d - m h\- h m- k n- I
FmWw. ipsF_v \_n- Ch-cn-tev \ntbm-Kn-s Hcp {]hm-N-I-\m-bncpp. sF hmkn-I {]hm-N-Iamsc Xn--d-n-p-v. ipsF_v Ah-tcmSv
]d-Xv Hman-n-p-I, \n `n ssIsm-m-s
- Xv?(Ap-Ad
- m-Av: 176177).
AAvdm^v: 85epw lqZv: 84-epw aZvb hmkn-I-fn-tev Ah-cpsS ktlm-Z-c ipsF_ns\ {]hm-N-I-\mbn Ab-n-p-mbn-cpp Fp]d-bp-p. Atm ipsF_v
\_n aZvb hmkn-I-fn-tepw sF hmkn-I-fn-tepw \ntbm-Kn--s {]hm-N-I\msWv a\-n-em-mw. C_vdmlow \_n-v At-l-ns `mcytbm Zmkntbm
Bbn-cp JXq-dm-bn P\n a Ad_nCkvdm-Cu Ncn-{X--fn "JXqdm
hwiw' F t]cn-emWv Adn-b-s-Sp--Xv. AXn Ghpw {]i-kvX-amb tKm{Xw
anZn-bm\n F aZvbImcm-Wv. Htc-`m-j-mcpw ]c-kv]cw ASp tZi-m-cp-ambXv sImm-bn-cn-Ww Cu cv P\-X-bn-tepw Htc {]hm-N-Is\ Xs \ntbmKn-m Imc-Ww. IqSmsX JXqdm hwi-n-s Cu cv imJ-I-fp-sSbpw sXmgn
hym]mcw Xs-bm-bn-cp-p. Ccp-Iq--cnepw I-h-S-n Htc-X-c-n-ep Im]-Syhpw
Agn-a-Xn-bp-amWv ImW-s-n-cp--Xv. AAvdm^v: 85-86, lqZv: 8486 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
79.
Atm \mw Ahcn \n-p-h-tcmSpw {]Xn-Imcw sNbvXp. \nbw, B cv P\X-bp-sSbpw Ah-in hy-amb ]mX-bn
Xs nXn sNp-p-ap-v.
"Atm \mw Ah-tcmSv {]Xn-Imcw sNbvXp' Fp-]-d-bmsX, "Ahcn \np-h-tcmSpw {]Xn-Imcw sNbvXp' Fp-]-d-Xns hnh-, B P\-Xbnep
A{I-an-Isf \in-n-p-Ibpw, ipsF_v \_n-sbbpw, hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw c-sSppIbpw sNbvXp Fm-Wv. AAvdm^v: 90-93 hni-Zo-I-Ww t\mp-I.
sF hmkn-IfpsS ehpw aZvb\pw lnPm-kn \nv ]e-kvXo, kndnb
Fn-hn-S--fn-tev t]mIp hgn-bn Xs-bmWv nXn sNp--Xv. ChnsS
]d cv P\X eqnsP\Xbpw, ipsF_v \_n-bpsS P\-X-bmb aZvb
hmkn-I-fpw sF -hm-kn-IfpaS-p P\-X-bmWv. cv Iqcpw bm{X-msc Ih
sNp--h-cpw, Af-hnepw Xq-nepw Ir{Xnaw ImWn-p--h-cpw, sImbpw
sImebpw \S-p--h-cp-am-bn-cp-p. cv Iq-scbpw Hcp tLmc-K\w aptJ\
XsbmWv \in-n-Xpw. lqZv: 89, 94, lnPv: 73 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
80.
\nbw lnPv hmkn-Ifpw {]hm-N-Iamsc If-hmn Xn--dnpv.

YaqZv P\-X-bpsS Xe-m\ \K-cn-bm-bn-cpp lnPv. CXv aZo-\-bn \nv
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
X_q-n-tev t]mIp hgn-bn Cs "A-De' ]-W-n \nv A]w
AI-se-bmbn nXn sNp-p. YaqZv P\-X-bn-tev \ntbm-Kn-s {]hm-NI
kzmenlv \_nbmWv. {]hm-N-Iamsc If-hmn Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-, BZymh-km-\w-h-sc-bp Fm {]hm-N-Iamcpw Htc- ZuXyn\v Am-lp-hn-\m \ntbmKn--s--h-cm-Wv. Ah-cn Hcmsf \ntj-[n-m Fm-h-scbpw \ntj-[n--Xn\v Xpyhpam-Wv F-Xm-Wv. _Jd: 136, Ben-Cw-dm: 84 Fo kq- Ah-km-\n-p-Xv, R {]hm-N-Iam-cn Bcnepw Hcp hyXym-khpw I]n-p-n-, R
Am-lp-hn kkzhpw kan-h
- c
- p-amWv F Bi-bt- mSp-Iq-SnbmWv. _Jd:
285 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Cv apl-Zv \_n-bn hniz-kn-m--h Hcp {]hmN-I-\nepw hniz-kn-m--h-cm-Wv. Ah-tcmSv hmKvZw sN-s-n-p-Xv \c-I-hpam-sWv lqZv: 17 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ImWp-I. {Kw \I-s--hv Ah-cpsS
km-\s Adn-bp--Xn-ep-]cn apl-Zv \_nsb Adn-b-W-sav _Jd: 146,
ABw: 20 kq-f
- n ]d-n-p-v. lqZv: 100, dAvZv: 3638 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
464
81.
\mw \psS Zrm Ahv \In. Fm Ah AXns\

Ah-K-Wn-p-sIm-n-cp--h-cm-bn-cp-p.
AAvdm^v: 133, bq\pkv: 92-93, bqkp^v: 105 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
82.
Ah aeI Xpcv hk-Xn-I-fp-mn kpc-nXcmbn Xma-kn-psIm-n-cp-p.
83.
As\ {]`m-X-th-f-bn Hcp tLmc-K\w Ahsc ]nSnIqSn.
84. Ah km-Zn--psImn-cpsXmpw Atm Ahv D]-Im-c{]Zambn-.

85.
BIm-i-`q-an-Isfbpw Ah- cn-\panS-bn-ep--h-sbbpw ey-tm-SpIq-Sn-b-msX \mw krjvSn-n-tbn. \nbw Ay-\nanjw hspI Xs sNpw. Atm \o Cu P\-X-bpsS sNbvXnI-fn `wKnbmb kl-\tmsS hn-p-I.
An-bm-Av: 16-, \mw BIm-isfbpw `

- qan-tbbpw Ah-n-Sb
- n-ep-h
- s
- bbpw
Xam-i-bmbn krn-n-n Fp-]-d-n-p-v. apAvan\q: 115- Amlp tNmZnpp: \n IW-p-Iq-p-p-thm, \nbw \mw \nsf ey-t_m-[-an-msX
shdp-sX-bv krn-n-cn-p-I-bm-sW-pw, \nbw hnNm-c-W-p-thn \n
\n-tev Xncn-bs-Sn-s-pw? Am-cn-bm-v: 56-57 Amlp ]d-bp-p:
Pnp-I-sfbpw a\p-jy-scbpw Ah F\nv C_mZv sNm thn-b-msX
krjvSn-n-t-bn-. Rm Ah-cn \nv `Ww Dt-in-p-n-, Ah Fs
Xon-t]m--W-sapw Rm Dt-in-p-n-. AYhm Am-lp-hn\v t\ hgn-]m-Sp-
lnPv (15)
465
I \I-W-sa-tm, Amlphns\ IqSmsX ap krn-Isf B{i-bnv Pohn-W-satm Amlp I]n-n-n-. adnv Am-lp-hns\ am{Xw B{i-bnv Ahs
{]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn, Ahs kvac-Wbn \ne-sIm--W-sa-mWv a\p-jy-tcmSpw Pnp
-I-tfmSpw I]n-n-p--Xv. a\p-jy-cnepw Pnp-Ifnepw B eyw BcmWv \nd-thp--sXv ]co-n-m thn-bmWv BIm-i-`q-an-I-sfbpw Ah-n-S-bn-ep kh-kvXp--sfbpw Amlp krjvSn-n-p-Xv. BZyw apX Ay-\mhsc-bp
apgp-h krn-I-sfbpw Hcp-anpIqn hnNm-cW \S-p--Xn\p thn Hcp-Zn-hkw
\n-bn-n-p-v. Av a\p-jy `nn-n-p hnj-b-n Ah Ahn-S-bn
JpBsImv hn[n-I]n-p--Xm-Wv. AYhm Ckvdm-Av: 13-14 kq-a-\p-k-cnv
Hmtcm a\p-jycpw Ah-cpsS ]nc-Sn-bn Ah-cpsS I-tcJ hln-p-p-v. AsXmcp
shfn--am- ]pkvX-I-ambn Ducn-sb-Spv Ah-c-hsc sImv hmbn-n-p-Xpw,
Ah-c-h-cpsS hnNm-cW Ahscsmv Xs \S-nnp--Xp-am-Wv. hnizm-knI Jp-B\ns Bi-bs
- Xpemkpw ^pJm\pw Dm-gvNZ- m-bI
- hpw _plm\psa-m-ambn D]-tbm-Knv CutemIpshv Xs Ah-cpsS hn[n kzK-n-te-p-Xmn amp--Xm-Wv.
BIm-i-`q-an-Isfbpw Ah- cn-\panS-bn-ep--h-sbbpw Fp-]-d-Xns
hnh, Ggv BIm-i
- fpw Ggv `qanIfpw, Ah cn-\p-an-Sb
- n-ep-h
- s
- bbpw FmWv.
Az-emJv: 12-, Ggv BIm-i--sfbpw, AXp-t]m-ep Ggv `qan-I-sfbpw Amlp-hmWv krn-Xv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. bq\pkv: 36, bqkp^v: 83, C_vdm-low: 19-20
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
86.
\nbw \ns \mY Fm-cw krnpw, Fm krn-Is

- fpdnpw
Adn-bp k-{kmhv Xs-b-mWv.
k-{k-m-hmb Am-lp- Fm krnpw Adn-bp-h\m-Wv. Ah Poh-\p-h-bn\nv Poh-\nm-h-sb-bpw, Poh-\n-m--h-bn \nv Poh-\p--h-sbbpw

]pd-s-Sp-hn-p--h-\m-Wv. Ah Fm krn-Isfpdn-pwA-h-cpsS P\-\w, acWw, `-Ww, Bbp-v, ]mn-Sw, Ah-cpsS icocw adhv sNp-X
- v, ]p\P-\mfn
Ah-cpsS cq]w XpSn-Fmw Adn-bp {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmWv. bmko: 81-
Amlp tNmZn-p-p: BIm-i-`q-an-Isf krjvSn--h Chsc(a-\pjysc) t]mep-hsc krjvSn-m Ign-hp--h-\stm! A; Ah Fm-cw krjvSn-pw, Fm
krn-Isfpdnpw Adn-bp k-{k-mhv Xs-bm- Wv. Jznbma: 36-40 Amlp
tNmZn-p-p: a\pjy Ah-s\- shdp-sX-bv hnSp-sav Icp-Xp-p-tm. Hcn-
Ah-s\mcp sXdn-p-ho-gp C{n-b-p-n-bm-bn-cp-n-t. ]noSv Ah-s\mcp c]n-WvU-am-bn. Atm Ahs\ krjvSnv cq]-s-Spn icn-bm-n-sb-Sp-p,
AXn\nv BWpw s]p-amb CW-Isf Dm-n. A-s\-bp--h acnhsc
hopw ]p\Po-hn-n-m Ign-hp-h\stm? An-km-Av: 47, amCZ: 60, AAvdm^v: 175180, C_vdmlow: 46-48 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
87.
\nbw \n\v \mw Bhn-m-hnp hcp Ggv kq--
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
466
fpw, al-mb Jp-B\pw \In-bn-p-apv.

^mn-l-bmWv Bhn-m-hnv hcp Ggv kq--sfv \_n ]Tnn-n-p-v. Bhn-m-hnv hcp Ggv kq-fpw al-mb Jp-B\psav
]d--Xn\nv ^mnl thsdbpw Jp-B thsd-bp-am-sWv a\-n-em-mw.
Fm Jp-B-\nse Ghpw al-mb kqd-m-Wn-sXpw \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v.
Atm JpB\nse Cu kqhpw \_n hN-\hpw hncp--am-hnt FmWv
tNmZy-sa-n; Fm \_n hN-\fpw Iqn-tbm-Pn-nv a\-n-em-p-I-bmWv thsX-mWv adp-]-Sn. \_n ]Tn-np: ^mnl CmsX \a-kvImcan. Fm JpB-\n-msX \a-kvIm-c-an-sv ]d-n-n. Jp-B-\ns Bibw \ne-\np-Xn-\mWv \a-kvIm-c-sav Xzmlm: 14- ]d-n-p-v. Atm \a-kvIm-c-n
^mnl HmX \n_--am-Wv, Fm Jp-B-\n \nv ]mcm-bWw sN
sFn-I-am-Wv. AYhm ^mnl HmXp-XpsImv Jp-B HmX Bhp-n-.
Ckvemans AZy-Im-es \a-kvIm-cspdnv apk-n: 20 Amlp ]dbpp: \nbw cmhns aqn cv `mKtam Nne-tm ]Ip-Xntbm Nne-tm
aqn-semtm kabw \obpw \ns IqsS-bp HcpkwLhpw \nv \a-kvI-cn-pp-sv \ns \mY\v Adn-bmw. Amlp-hmWv cmhn-sbpw ]I-ens-bp-samw
ssZLyw IWmp-Xv. \nv AsXmpw Xn-s-Sp-m km[n-n-spw
Ah- \ - d n- b mw. Atm Ah \nfpsS ]m- X m]w kzoIcnncn- p- p.
AXpsImv \nv kuI-cy-ap--X-{Xbpw Jp-B-\n\nv ]mcm-bWw sNbvXv
\a-kvI-cn-m aXn. \nfn tcmK-ap--h-cp-s-pw, Am-lp-hns A\p-{Klw
tXSn `qan-bn Cd-n-n-cn--h-cp-s-pw, Am-lp-hns amK-n bpw sNp-h-cp-s-p-samw Amlp-hn-\-dn-bmw. AXn-\m hnjaanm-{X ]mcm-bWw
sNbvXv \a-kvI-cn-p-I. \a-kvImcw apd{]-Imcw \ne\npI, kImv sImSppI,
Am-lp-hn\v \-\n-ev ISwsImSp-p-I. \nv thn \-bn\nv Fv
Hcp-n-shmepw \nfXv Am-lp-hn Is-p-XpamWv. \n Am-lphn-t\mSv s]mdp--ens\ tXSp-I. \nbw Amlp Gsd s]mdp-p--h-\-tm.
AAvdm^v: 170, A^m: 24, lnPv: 49-50 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Cu kqw \_n-sbbpw Ah-km\\m hsc-bp hnizm-kn-I-tfbpw kam[m-\n-n-p-I-bm-Wv. Am-lp-hns "dlvam'-\njv]--hm-F KpW-\m-a-n
hniz-kn-m I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I- ]Whpw {]uVnbpw kwL-_-e-hpsamw kXyns am\-ZWvUambn a\-n-emn Duw-sIm-p--hc-- p-w hnizm-kn-Isf ]eXcn ]cn-l-kn-p-Ibpw Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nv ]nn-cnnm AhcpsS kzm[o-\hpw k-p-samw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--h-cp-am-bn-cn-pw. bmko:
47- Ah-cpsS Cu Ah Nn{Xo-Icn-p-Xv t\mp-I; -A-mlp \In-bn-p
hn`-h--fn \nv \n sN-e-h-gn-pI Fv Ah-tcmSv ]d-b-s-m- \ntj-[n-Ifm-b-h ]dbpw: Amlp Xon-tm-m Dt-in-m--hsc R Xon-tm-p-Itbm?
\nbw \n hy-amb hgn-tI-Sn-e-msXb. Cu Ah--bn-emWv hnizm-knI-tfmSv Amlp ]d-bp-Xv: \n a\-n-Sn-hcpw ZpxJn-p--h-cp-am-tI--Xn.
lnPv (15)
467
Alv: 127 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. \nv \mw Ghpw henb kv

^m-n-lbpw Jp-B-\pw\Ingn-n-cn-pp. asmcp A\p-{K-lhpw AXn\v
InS-\np-I-bn. \njn--amK--fn-eqsS km-Zn-p-I-bpw, \njn-amK-f-n
Xs hn\n-tbm-Kn-p-Ibpw sNp ùXnIkv Hcn-epw Akq-bml-a-
Xs. ^mnl: apJ-hp-c, bq\pkv: 57-58, lnPv: 6, 9, 12 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
88. \mw Ah-cn Nnev tPmUn-I-fmbn \In-bn-p ùXnI hn`-hfntev \ns Iv Xncntb--Xn-. Ah-cp-sS-ta \o ZpxJnpIbpw th. kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iv \ns NndIv Xmgvn-sm-Spp-Ibpw sNp-I.
C_vdmlow: 30 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Xzmlm: 131- Amlp ]d-bpp:
Ahv tPmUn-I-fmbn \mw \In-bn-p IuXp-I-I-c-amb ùXnI hn`-h--fntev \ns Zrn Xncn-b-cp-Xv. Ahsc AXneqsS ]co-n-m thn-bm-W-Xv.
\ns \mYs `-Wh
- n-`h
-
- Xs-bmWv D-aa
- m-bX
- pw, mbn-bm-bXpw. ApA-dm-Av: 214-215 kq--fn, \ns IpSpw-_mw-K--fn \nv ASp--hsc \o
Jp- B sImv ap- d n- b nv \Ip- I bpw, hnizmkn- I - f n\nv \ns
]n]phv \ns NndIpI(hn-\-b-n-s) XmgvnbnSpIbpw sNpI Fp]-d-n-p-v. Alv: 127-, \o an-p-I, \ns a Am-lp-hn\v thn-bmsXb. \o Ah-cpsSta ZpxJn-pIbpacp-Xv, Ah-cpsS IpX-{--fn \o a\n-Sp-n-b-h-\mIpI-bp-a-cpXv Fp-]-d-n-pv. A^m: 30, 64-65, Xu_: 8485,
128, bqkp^v: 108, lqZv: 1719, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. Xzmlm: 131 IqnhmbnpI.
89.
\o ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpI: \nbw Rm hy-amb ap-dn-bn-p-Imc Xs-bmIp-p.
90.
{Ks `mKwshv hn`m-Kfm-bn-oh-cpsSta Cd-nbXp

t]mse.
]qn-I-Im-ev {Kw \In-b-hcn ap-dn-bn-p-Im hn-p-Xv t]mse

Ctm Rm \n-fn-tepw samw temIcntepw ap-dnbn-p-Im-c-\m-Wv.
samw {Ks ]n]-msX NneXv FSp-p-Ibpw ap-Nn-eXv FSp-m-Xn-cn-pIbpw sNbvXv hnhn[ hn`m-K--fmbno-h-sc-bmWv -"apJvX-kn-ao' Fv ]d-bpXv. {K-ns Bi-b
- n\v hncp-a
- mbn Am-lp-hn BW-bn-p-sImv kwkmcn-p hn`m-K--fpw "apJvX-kn-ao'\n s]Sphcm-Wv. An-km-Av: 151 Aq-cmWv bYm Im^n-dp-I Fv ]d 150- hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p apkvenwIfnse hnhn[ kwL-S\
- I
- f
- mbnncn apivcnp-IfmWv Cs "- apJvXk
- n-ao'\n
DsSpI. \wev: 49 {]Imcw \n Am-lp-hn BW-bn-v {]Xn sNpI:
\n-b-am-bnpw kzmen-ln-s\bpw IpSpw-_-sbpw cm{Xn sImp-I-fbpIbpw, ]ns
At-l-ns cm-[n-Im-cn-tbmSv \ns IpSpw-_s \in-n--Xn\v R
kmnI-f-, R kXyw ]d-bp--h Xs-bmsWv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNm-sav
468
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Xocp-am-\n-p-d-n-p-Ibpw Am-lp-hn BW-bn-p-]-d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXh apJvX-knaofn s]-h-cm-Wv. ac-W-am-k--am-Ip-tm A{I-an-I: R-fpsS \mYm,
RfpsS Ah[n A]w \on--cn-I-bm-sW-n \ns hnfnv R Dcw
\Insm-mw, R {]hm-Namsc ]n]-p-Ibpw sNmsav ]d-bptm
Amlp tNmZnpp: CXn\papv \nsm-cn-epw Hcp amhpw hcn-I-bn-sv
BWbnv ]dn-cp AtX Bfp-I Xs-bt \n(C_vdmlow: 44-). Chcpw
apJvX-kn-ao--fn s]-h-cmWv. kzK-hm-kn-Isf Nqn-smvAm-lp-hns
ImcpWyw Xosc e-`n-n-n- -Fv \n BW-bnv ]dn-cp Cq--tcmSmWtm
\n kzKn {]th-in-p-sIm-p-I, \n-fpsSta `b-s-Sm\n-, \nv
ZpxJnm\pw CShcn-Ibn Fpw ]d-b-s-n-cn-p--Xv(AAvdm^v: 49). _Jd: 111,
PqX-tcm--ss{I-kvX-htcm BImsX \n kzK-n {]th-in-p-I-bn Fv
Am-lp-hn BW-bnp-]-d-n-cphcpw, 135-, \n PqX-tcm--ss{I-kvX-htcm
Bhp-I, Fm \n kmK-n-emsbv BW-bn-p-]-d-n-cp--hcpw apJvXkn-ao--fn s]-h-cm-Wv. AAvdm^v: 49, 157158, dAvZv: 14-15 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI.
91.
Ah Jp-B\ns\ Ah-K-Wnv ]pnp Xn--d--h-cm-Ip-p.
H{KwJp-BXsbmWv appw hn-p--sXv Cu kqhpw ]Tnn-p-p(_Jd: 2 t\mp-I). Fm ]qnI {K-fn-sempw DpIn-Xm_mb ^mnl Dm-bn-cp-n-. AXp-sIm-mWv 87- al-mb Jp-B\pw
^mn-lbpw \n\v \In Fv {]tXyIw ]-dnp--Xv. ap \_namsmpw
\ImXpw, apl-Zv \_nv Av t\cs \a-kvIm-c-tm-sSmw kzKnshv \InbXpamb cv {]Im-i--fn HpamWv ^mnl. ^pJm:
26-27, JpB\ns\ Ah-K-Wnv ]ptmSq-IqSn Xn--d A{IanI AhcpsS ssII-Snv \msf ]d-bp-XmWv: Hm Fs \miw, Rm dkq-ens amK-amb
Jp-B-\ns amKw sXsc-s-Sp-n-cp--sn F{X \m-bn-cp-t-s\. 28-29,
Hm Iw, Rm Cm-en--hs\ B-an-{X-ambn sXsc-s-Sp-n-n-m-bn-cp-sn, Ah- \ m- W - t m Jp- B - \ ns Bibw hp- I n- n- b Xn--\ p- t ijw Fs
AXn\nv XS--Xv. 30-, Fs \mYm, Cu Jp-B\ns\ Ah-K-Wn--XmWv
Fs P\Xv h ZpKXnsbv hn[n-Zn-hkw apl-Zv\_n A\ymbw t_m[n-np cwKw ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. lZo-Zv: 16- Amlp tNmZn-p-p: "Amlv'
Fp kvacWsImpw, Amlp Cd-nb kXyw(Jp-B)sImpw hnizm-knIv X-fpsS lrZbw `b-N-In-XamIm C\nbpw ka-b-am-bnt? Ah apv
{Kw \I-s--hsctmse Bhm-Xn-cn-p-Xn\pw thn. Ah(apv thZw
\I-sh) Jp-B\ns\ Ah-K-Wnv Ime- IgnpIqn. Atm Ah-cpsS
lrZbw In-p-t]m-bn. Ahcn A[n-It- ]cpw sXmSn-I
- Xsbmbncpp. kPZ:
22, BcmWv Xs \mYs kq- lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn DW-nbnv
]ns AXns\ Ah-K-Wn-v ]gbPohnXw \bn-pIbpw sNp--h-t\-m Ghpw
henb A{Ian? \nbw Ccw {`mam-tcmSv \mw {]Xn-Imcw sNp-IXs-sNp-sa-v -]-d-n-p-v. ap-n: 49-56 Amlp ]d-bpp: Ahs-p]n! knwl-
lnPv (15)
469
K\w tIv hnc- t m- S - s - S p Imp- I - g p- X - I - s f- t mse Ah XZv I n- d - s b
smvJp-B-\ns Bi-b-s-sm-v Ah-K-Wn-p-t]m-Ip-phtm. A; Ah
Fm- Hmtcmcpcpw B{K-ln-p-Xv {]tXyIw {]tXyIw Xpd ]pkvXIw InW-sa-m-Wv. A; Ah ]c-tem-Is `bsSp--h-c. A; \nbw CsXmcp
Snv Xsbm-Ip-p. Atm BcmtWm AXns\ Sn-mbn D]tbm-K-s-Spp-Xv, Ah D]-tbmKn-p-sIm--s. Fm Amlp Dt-in-msX Ahv D]tbm-K-s-Sp-m km[n-p-I-bn-. Ah-\mIpp `nbpw ]m]-tam-N-\hpw \Im\p GI A[nImcn. C_vdmlow: 1, lnPv: 9, 12 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
Jp-B Fp-]d
-
m Bhn-m-hnv hmbn-s
- -tS-X
- v F-mWv.
AYhm Fm thZ{KfpsSbpw Bibw Bhn- m- h nv hmbntXmWv FmWv Amlp I]np--Xv. Fm apth-Z-m, samw
{Kns Bi-b-sa-Sp-msX `nnv hnhn[ {Kqp-Ifpw hn`m-K-mcpw kwL-S-\I-fp-ambnncnv ]c-kv]cw t]mc-Sn--tm-gmWv Amlp, A InXm-_ns
]qcq]-amb Ad_n `mj-bn-ep Jp-B\pwsImv apl-Zv\_n-sb Ay\mhsc-bp temIv ap-dn-bn-p-Im-c-\mbn \ntbm-Kn--Xv. Cv samw a\pjyv kamK- {K-amb(_Jd: 185) Jp-B hln-p apkvenwIfmWv B
{K-n `nnv hnhn[ kwL-S-\-I-fpw apivcnp-Ifpambn Xncnv ]c-kv]cw
t]mc-Sn-p--sXv Jp-B DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iambn(AAv-dm^v: 203 t\mpI) D]tbm-K-s-Sp-p hnizm-kn-Iv a\-nemhp--Xm-Wv. AAvdm^v: 157158, bq\pkv:
100, bqkp-^v: 111, C_vdmlow: 53, lnPv: 6 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
92.
Atm \ns DS-a-bmWv kXyw Xo-bmbpw \mw Ah-scsb-mhtcbpw tNmZywsNpI Xs sNpw.
93.
AhscmWv Cl- n {]hn- p- s Im- n- c p- Xv FXns\pdnv.
A-Im-kp: 8 Amlp ]d-bp-p: ]ns At-Zn\w Fm A\p-{K-lsfpdnpw \n tNmZyw sN-sSpIXs sNpw. Ckvdm-Av: 36- Amlp
]d-bp-p: \n\v a\-nemIm- Imcy- ]dbpnSv \o \n-cp-Xv. \nbw
tIhn, ImgvN, _pnin XpSn Fm-ns\pdnpw tNmZyw sN-sSpIXs
sNpw. Atm BcmtWm Jp-B\ns Bibw tIm, ImWm, Nnnm ka-bhpw kzm[o-\hpw asm A\p-{K-l
- fpw D]-tbm-Ks
- -Sp-n-bXv, Ahv
\msf AXns\pdnv sXmbntmsbv Dcw ]dbm CS-hc
- n-. ImcWw Ghpw
henb A\p-{Klw JpB\ns Bi-b-am-sWv bq\pkv: 57-58 ]d-n-p-v.
\_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v, \n-fn Ghpw D-a Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-Ibpw
]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-h--\mWv. Npcp-
- n ]Xn-\v hb-n\v tijw acWwhscbp Pohn-X-ns Hmtcm \nan-jspdnpw hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn Am-lp-hns
apn H-sm--mbn Dcw ]d-tb-n-h-cpsa t_m[-n "Amlv' Fp
kvac-W-tbmSpIqSn Fm-bvtmgpw \ne-\np hnizm-kn-I am{X-amWv hnP-bn-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
pI, Am--h-scmw ]cm-Pn-X-cmbn \c-I-n-tev aS-t-n-hcpw. An-kmAv:
140, AAvdm^v: 40-41, C_vdm-low: 28-30, dAvZv: 27-28 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
470
94. \ntmSv I]n-s

- -Spw{]Imcw \o aptdp-Ib
- pw, Am-lp-hns A[nIm-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp--hsc Ah-K-Wn-p-Ibpw sNp-I.
"I]n--sSpw{]Imcw' Fp-]-d-m Am-lp-hn\v thn am{Xw Pohnp-h
- \
- m-hpI, Jp-B\ns ktiw P\-f
- n-tev Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p-I FmWv.
Aplm: 11- Amlp ]dbpp: Atm \o \ns \mYs A\p-{K-l-w P\-tfmSv {]Jym-]npIbpw sNpI. Alv: 78 Amlp ]d-bpp: Atm \o
Hn\nv hnc-an-m asmn-tev hym]r-X-\m-hp-I, \ns \mY\ntev B{ib-tmsS Xncn-bp-Ibpw sNp-I. Xu_: 73, bqkp-^v: 108, bq\p-kv: 104-106, 108 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
95. \nbw ]cn-lknp--h-scsmv \n\v \mw Xs aXn-bm-b-h\mIpp.
Hcp Bt-]-I-sbpw Bt-]s `b-s-SmsX Am-lp-hn\v thn
{]hn-p-I. Fmw AS-n-`-cn-p \mY GXv B]-n\npw, ]cn-lm-kn\npw \ns kwcnm Ghpw aXn-bm-b-h-\m-Ip-p. kpa: 3637
kqfn Amlp tNmZn-p-p: Xs ASn-av Amlp t]msctbm? \ns
Ahs\ IqSm--hscsmv Ah `b-s-Sp-p--phtm. Bsc-bmtWm Amlp
hgn-]n-g-n--Xv, Atm Ahs\ kamK-n-em-p Bcp-an-. Bsc-bmtWm
Amlp kamK-n-em-n-b-Xv, Atm Ahs\ hgn-]n-g-n-p Bcp-an-.
Amlp tNmZywsN-s-Sm AP-\
- pw, {]Xn-Imcw sNp-h
- \pw Xs-bs
- tbm.
{]hm-N-Iam-scmw Am-lp-hns k-tiw Fnp-sIm-Sp-p-hcpw, Ahs\
am{Xw `b-s-Sphcpw, Am-lp-hn-s\-b-msX am-scbpw `b-s-Sm-h-cp-am-Ipp.
hnNm-cWsNm Amlp Gw aXn-bm-b-h-\m-Ip-p(A-lvkm_v: 39). amCZ: 67,
bq\p-kv: 71, lqZv: 8, 53-56 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Cv JpB am{Xw aXntbm? Fv tNmZn-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfmSp
adp-]-Sn-bm-Wn-Xv. Cv JpB\ns Bibw aqSn-sh-p Acw I]-S-hn-izm-knIsf A\p-k-cn--cp-sX-pw, AhtcmSv JpBsImv A[n-I-cn PnlmZv sNW-sa-p-amWv ^pJm: 52- Amlp I]n-n-p-Xv. Xu_: 73, 124-125 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
96.
Ah Am-lp-hn-s IqsS ap NnescqSn Cem-lmbn sh-h-cm-Ipp. Atm ASppXs Ah Adn-bp-I-Xs sNpw.

^mnl: 4, C_vdmlow: 30 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
97.
Ah ]d-psIm-n-cn-p--Xn \nbw \ns s\v CSp-p-p-
lnPv (15)
sv \mw Xs Adn-bp-p-apv.
471
AAvdm^v: 2, bq\pkv: 65-66, lqZv: 56 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.

98.
Atm \ns \mYs\ kvXpXnpsImv Io\w sNp-I. Ahs

kn-[n-bn kmjvSmwKw sNp--h-cn s]Sp-Ibpw sNp-I.
99.
\n\v Ddve`n-p-Xphsc \ns \mY\pthn am{Xw Pohn-pIbpw sNp-I.
Ddv e`n-p-Xphsc Fp-]-d-m acWwhsc Am-lp-hns amK-n

Ddv \npI Fm-Wv. \c-I-n B]-Xn-p {`mam- \msf ]d-bp
cwKw ap-n: 45-47 Nn{Xo-I-cn-n-p-Xv t\mpI: R hnizm-kn-Isf Ifnbm-p-h-tcm-sSmw If-nbm-p--h-cm-bn-cpp, R hn[n-Zn-h-ks If-hmp--h-cp-am-bn-cp-p, Rv acWw hcp-Xphsc. \nbw AXv Ddp\Ip
kXyw Xs-bm-Wv. Atm \ns \mYs almb \maw ]cn-ip--s-Sp-p-I
Fv AlmJ: 51-52 ]d-n-p-v. hmJnA: 95-96, \nbw CXv Dd-mb
kXyw Xs-bm-Wv. Atm \ns alm-\mb \mYs \maw ]cn-ip--s-SppI.
AYhm kzK-n-tev Xs-bmWv t]mIp--sXv Ddphcp-p {XnIm-e-m\n-bpsS hN-\-fmb {XnIm-e-m-\-amWv Jp-B\ns Bibw. \nbw \ap-dnbmw, \n-fn AXns\ Xnd-bp--h-cp-v, \nbw \ntj-[n-Iv AsXmcp
\jvSw Xs-bmWv Fv AlmJ: 49-50 epw, Jp-B kq- Inn-bnv aqSnsh-p-hcpw Xn--d-bp--hcpw XsbmWv \c-I-nse \nXy-hm-kn-I Fv
_Jd: 39-epw ]d-n-p-v. Hcp-Im-cy-nepw kwi-b-an-mhn[w ]q-amb Ddpe`np--Xn-\p--XmWv Jp-B. Dd-p-\Ip Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n
Am-lp-hns\ Ih ac-W-k-a-bv ktm-j-tm-Sp-IqSn Am-lp-hns\ t\mp-Xpw, Am--h ZpxJ-tm-Sp-IqSn ]nim-Nns\ t\mp--Xp-am-sWv Jzn-bma:
22-24 ]d-n-pv. Dd-p-\Ip Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-ap-s-n C_m-Zv
Am-lp-hn-\p-Xpw Amlp-hns\ ad Ah-bn ]nim-Nn-\p--XpamWv, Ah
Jp-B aqSn-sh sXm-Sn-If
- p-am-Wv. Xu_: 6768 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI. GsXmcp
Imcyn\pw Jp-B-\n\n-p- Hcp ]Zsa-nepw sXfn-hmbn_plm-\m-bn Dcnm km[n-p--hv am{Xta hnNm-cW t\cn-Sm km[n-p-I-bp-q. A-n-kmAv:
174-175 t\mp-I. A{I-an-Iv Jp-B \-a-msX hn-n-p-I-bn-sv
CkvdmAv: 82 ]d-n-p-v. lqZv: 114-115, bqkp^v: 53, dAvZv: 31, lnPv: 12, 45, 90
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
R-fpsS \mYm! Rsf \o apX-h-n-ao-fna\v D]-tbm-K-s-Spn
\nco- Ww \S- p- - h - c n- - t Nt- W ta! Rsf \o apJv X - k n- a o- fn{Ks `mKwshv hn`m-Kfm-bn-ohcn Ds-Sp--cptX! RfpsS \mYm, Rv \o kXyw kXy-ambn ImWn-p-X-cn-I-bpw, AXns\ ]n]m A\p-{K-ln-p-Ibpw sNt-W-ta. anYy anYy-bmbn ImWn-p-X-cn-I-bpw, AXns\
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
hn-m A\p-{K-ln-p-Ibpw sNt-W-ta. Am-lp-th, R \ntmSv
kmKhpw XJvhbpw am\y-X-bpw, sFiz-cyhpw tNmZn-p-p. Fm-Im-cy--fnepw
sFiz-cyamb Jp-B\ns\ apn \S-p-I-hgn \nn-tevkzK-n-tevhnNmc-W-bn-msX Xncn-p-h-cm- km[n----hn[w Jp-B\ns\ Pohn-n-m Rsf
\o A\p{Kln-t-W-ta. `qan AXns kpe\-n \ne-\nm-\p Xpemkmbn Jp-B-\ns Bi-bs temIv ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-m Rsf \o
A\p{Kln-tWta, XpW-tWta. Hm, ]pWy-hm-\mb Imcp-Wy-hmt\!
472
\lv (16)
473
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-amb Am-lp-hns \maw- sImv
16. Alv
68-mw kqnep "\ns \mY tX\o--Iv Znhy-t_m-[\w \In'
F- kq-`mKn \ns-Sp--XmWv Cu kqd-ns t]cv. 41-mw kq-nse
A{I-an--s--Xn\ptijw Am-lp-hn\pthn ]mem-b\w sNbvX-h F ]cmai-n\n,v FtXym-]y-bn-te-p BZy]mem-b\w \S-p-I-gn-n-cp-shpw
\_n-bpsS am Pohn-X-ns Ah-km-\-L--nemWv Cu kqd-v Ah-X-cn-sXpw a\-n-em-mw.
Fmw ASn`cn-p GI\mb {kjvSmhv Amlp am{Xta Cem-lmbpp Fv ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p--Xn\v thnbmWv Jp-B\pwsImv ae-p-I
Cd-psX-pw, P\- `nn hnj-bn Cltem-Ip\npXs Xocpam\w I]n-p-Xn\p-thn-bmWv Jp-B Ah-X-cn-n-n-p--Xv Fpw ]Tn-npp. Cm-bva-bn \nv a\p-jysc krjvSn {kjvSmhv, `qan a\p-jy\v Xma-knm tbmKy-amb \ne-bn kwhn-[m-\np, tX, ]m XpS-nb Fm `-W-hn`-h--fpw, hnhn[ D]-Im-c--tfmSpIqSnb Ip-Im-en-Isfbpw Ah a\p-jy\v hnt[b-am-n-sIm-Sp-p. Ah a\p-jy\v t\sc-sNm-s-bp amK-hpw, hf amKhpw
\In, cm-semcpamKw sXsc-s-Sp-m-\p kzmX{yhpw \In. eyt_m-[-w \jvS-sv Pohn-p tOm-m--fpsSbpw, ey-t_m-[-tm-Sp-IqSn ]ctem-I-n\pthn Irjn sNbvXn-cp ]cn-ip-m-m--fpsSbpw acWcwKw hnhcn-n-p-v. Fm Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-n-tepw {]hm-N-Iamsc \ntbm-Kn-n-p-Xv;
Am-lp-hn\pthn am{Xw Pohn--Ww, XmKq-ns\ hn-Ww Fp-]dpsImm-sWv ]Tn-n-pp.50-mw kq-n Xnem-h-ns kpPqZv
hnpv.
a\p-jy-cpsS P\-\w, Iuamcw, bu-\w, hmIyw XpSnb hnhn[ L
hnh-cnv {km-hns\pdnv t_m[-hmam-cm-p-p. Fmw Hmnn-v sImSpnv
Ah ]nn-cn-bp-I-bm-sWn, \ns _m[yX Fn-p-sIm-Sp- am{X-am-sWv
\_nsbbpw hnizm-kn-I-tfbpw kam-[m-\n-n-p-p. Jp-B kan-p Amlp-hns\ kmn-\nnsmv Ahs krjvSn-I-fp-ambn sNbvX DS--Sn-Ifpw
Icm-dp-Ifpw \n ]qn-bm--Ww. AmsX Fm Imcyhpw hy-am-n-bnp Jp-B\ns Bibw Ah-K-Wn-p-sImv, cmhnse apX sshIp-tcwhsc
shwtImcn sshIp-tcw IpSw Iagvn shw \jvSs
- -Sp-p-h
- s
- f-tmsebmIcpsXv D]-tZ-in-p-p. Jp-B\ns Bibw hmbn-p-tm, Amlp Dt-in
Bi-b-n \nv i]n--s ]nimNv XSbm-Xn-cn-m Ah-sbpw DS-a-bmb
Am-lp-hn A`bw tXS-W-sapw, X-fpsS \mY-\n `c-ta]n hnizm-kn-I-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
fp-sS-ta ]nim-Nn\v bmsXmcp kzm[o-\-hp-an-spw ]Tn-n-pp.
474
Jp-B Inn-b-Xn-\p-tijw Pohn-X-eyw ad-p-sImv ]c-tem-I-t-m

Cl-tem-I
- n\v {]m[m\yw \In- Pohn-p \ntj-[n-If
- mb Hcp P\-Xsb Amlp
kamK- n- t ev \bn- p- I - b n- . Ah- c - h - c psS kmZyw ImWp\mfn
\ntj[nI Ah- s c- p- d nv X s Xn- p- s a- pw, Adn- h n- mbv a sImv
IpwsNbvXtijw, Jp-B-\ns Bibn\nv AXv a\-n-emn {XnIm-em-\n-tbmSv Fp-]-dv, Imcy- \mn-op-IbmsWn \ns \mY
Gsd s]mdp-p--h-\pw, Icp-Wm-hm-cn--[nbp-am-sWv ]Tn-n-p-p. Hv Hcp {]m\-ambn \ne-sIm C_vdmlow \_n-bpsS amKw ]n]-m apl-Zv \_n-tbmSpw
Ay\mh-sc-bp hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw I]n-p-p. \ns \mYs amK-ntev Jp-B\ns "aplvI-a-mb' B-ibw kv]jvS-am-bkq- sImpw,
kam-\-amb D]-aD-Zm-l-c-W- sImpw hnfn-p-I. P\-XbpsS amK-{`w-i-n
\o ZpxJnt--Xn-, Ah-cpsS KqV-X-{n \o a\w-ap-tXpan. \nbw
Amlp Ahs\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p--h-tcm-sSm--hpw, Ahs\ IvsImv
Ncn-p--h-tcm-sSm--hp-amWv F 128-mw kq-tmsS kqdv Ah-km-\n-pp.
]c-aI
- m-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-amb Am-lp-hns \maw s
- Imv
1.
Am-lp-hns I]\ hp-Ig

- n-p. Atm AXn-\p-thn \n
[rXn-s-tS. Ah ]p-tNp--Xn \nsm-sbpw Ah ]cnip--\pw AXyp--X-\p-am-Ip-p.
Am-lp-hns I]\ F-Xp-sIm-p-t-in-p-Xv Jp-B-\m-Wv. CkvdmAv: 85-, Ah- \ntmSv dqlns\pdnv tNmZn-p-p. \o ]d-bp-I: dqlv Fs
\mYs I]-\bn s]-Xm-Wv. \nv Adn-hn\nv A]-a-msX \Inbn-n-. P\- GsXmcp Imcy-n-emtWm `nn-n-pXv B Imcyw shfn-sp-Xn-\pw, Cltem-Ipshp Xs Hmtcm-cp-cpw km-Zn-Xv kzKamtWm
\c-IamtWm Fv Xocp-am-\n-pXn-\pap-- {Xmkpw Dc-pambnmWv JpB
Ah-X-cn-nnp--Xv. Am-lp-hns I]\ F-Xp-sIm-v hn[n-Zn-h-k-w Fpw
Bi-b-ap-v. hn-[n-Zn-h-k-n\vthn \n [rXn-s-tS--Xn, apl--Zns\ \ntbmKn--tXm-Sp-IqSn A-Xn\v XpSwIpdnp Ignp. Nqphncepw \Sphncepw Dbnm-Wnp sImv \_n ]d-bp-I-bp-mbn: Rm\pw Ay-a-Wn-q-dpw C{]-Imcw
ASp-m-Wv. bq\pkv: 108- ]d kXyamb Jp-B\ns BibwsImv
XsbmWv hn[n-Zn-h-k-n Xov I]n-p-I-sbv k_-Av: 26, kpa: 69-, 75
kq-fn ]d-n-p-v. \njv]--hm\mb, ]cn-ip--\mb Amlp; Ahs
krjvSn-It- fmSv A]wt]mepw A\oXnImWn-p-Ib
- n-. Ah-ch
- c
- psS km-Zyv
X-Xmb {]Xn-^-e-amWv \I-s-Sp-I. apJ-hpcbnse t{ImUo-I-cWw, A-Bw:
155-157, AAvdm^v: 89, Xu_: 115, bq\pkv: 11, lnPv: 9 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
\lv (16)
475
2.
ae-p-Isf Ahs I]-\bn\np dqlpwsImv, Ahs ASna-If
- n\nv Ah-\p-t-in-phcpsS-ta Cdp-p. \nbw Rm\msX \nv Hcp Cemlp-an-, Atm \n Fs kqn-v
Pohnp-I Fv ap-dn-bnv \Ip--Xn\pthn.
Aqd: 52, \n\v \psS I]- \ - b n \np Hcpdqlns\
Znhyktiambn \In Fp]-d-Xpw Jp-B\ns\pdnv Xs-bm-Wv. lnPv:
29, kzmZv: 72, kPZ: 9 Fo kq--fn, Am-lp-hns dqln \nmWv a\pjys dqlv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. An-km-Av: 1, 171 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. apPmZne: 22-, Am-lp-hnepw Ay-Zn-\-nepw hniz-kn Hcp P\Xsb, Am-lp-hnt\mSpw Ahs ZqX-t\mSpw hntcm[wshv ]qep-htcmSv--AXh-cpsS ]nXm-fm-sW-nepw As-n a-fm-sW-nepw As-n ktlm-c--fm-sW-nepw
Asn F{X ASp--h-cm-sW-nepw icnkvt\l-_w ]pep--Xmbn \o
Is-p-I-bn-. Aq-cpsS lrZ-b--fn-emWv Amlp hnizmkw Cu-am tcJs-Sp-n-bn-p-Xv. Ah\n \np Hcp dqlvsImv Ahsc in-s-Sp-p-sav ]d-n-p-v.
Alv: 102 \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm I]n-pp: \ns \mY-\n\nv
"dqlpJpZvkv']cn-ip-m-mhvaptJ\ Cu Jp-B Cd-n-bnp-Xv ey-tmSp-IqSnbmWv. AXpsImv hnizm-kn-Isf Dd-n-p-\nm\pw, AXv kkzw Amlp-hn\v kan-h
- v kamKhpw ip`-hm-Zm-bI
- h
- p-amW.v ApAdm-Av: 193,
hniz-kvX-\mb dqlmWv Jp-B\pw sImnd-n-bXv Fp-w, \_Av: 38- dqlpw
ae-p-Ifpw AWn-b-Wn-bmbn \npZn\w Fpw, JZv: 4, X-fpsS \mYs
A\p-aXn{]Imcw hn[n-\nm-bIcmhn ae-p-Ifpw dqlpw Fm I]-\bpw
sImv Cd- p- s apw ]d- n- p- v . Cu kq- - f n- s emw ]d dqlv
Pn_vcoemWv.
Ddw Hcp sNdnb ac-W-am-Wv. Dd--nepw ac-W-nepw Amlp Bmhns\ Xncn-s-Sp-pp. Dd--n Ducn-sb-Sp Bmhns\ acWw hn[n-m-hv, \n-bn--s Ah[nhsc XncnpsImSp-pp. A-Bw: 60 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I. Atm Dd-hpw ac-Whpw Xn-ep hyXym-kw--D-d--n
Bmhv am{Xw t]mIp-p, Poh t]mIp-n-. Fm ac-W-n Poh\pw
Bmhpw t]mIp-p. ico-c-n \nv dqlv t]mIp--Xns\ acWw Fp-]-dbpp. kPZ: 9 ]d, \memw amk- n Bhm- l nn dqlmWv ( Poh+Bmhv) ac-W-n ico-c-n \nv ths]-Sp-Xv. Jp-B\ns\ kXys-Spn Pohn--h-cpsS dqlv kzK-nse "Cn-o-' ]n-I-bn-emWv tcJs-SppI. Ah Ap-t\-cs \a-kvIm-c-fn Am-lp-hp-am-bp A`n-kw-t_m[--n\vthn, (A--ln-m-v) Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-am-Ip {]Im-i-hm-l-\-n
kzK-n sNv, \a-kvIm-c-n-S-bn-ep Ah-cpsS {]h-\--sfmw
AhnsS tcJsSpp-h
- c
- m-Wv. Jp-B Innbnv aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw Xn-d
- bpIbpw
sNp--hv kzK-n-tev {]th-in-m BIm-i-ns hmXn-ep-I Xpdv
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
sImSp-p-I-bn-sv AAv-dm^v: 40- ]d-n-p-v. Ah-cpsS \a-kvIm-cw, t\mv,
lv XpS-n Fm-Ifpw \c-I-n-ep "kno' ]n-I-bn-emWv tcJ-sSp-p-I. ac-W-tmsS AhcpsS dqlv "kno-\ntev' AXn\v G]n-s aep-I ]nSn-s-Spv sImp-t]m-Ip-Ibpw sNpw. k-PZ: 11, apXz-^v^nô: 7, 19
t\mpI.
476
Atm Jp-B-\n\pw Pn_vcoen\pw, a\p-jys dqln\pw "dqlv' Fp-]-dn-cn-p-p. CsXmw Amlphns dqln \np--Xm-Wv. Ckvdm-Av: 85-mw
kq{]Imcw dqlns\pdnv Ah \ntmSv tNmZn-p-phtm, \o ]d-bp-I:
dqlv Fs \mYs I]-\-bn s]-Xm-Wv, \nv Adn-hn \nv A]-amsX \In-bn-n-. Jp-B-\ns Bibw AXns Bm-hmb ZnIvdpw, Aw
AXns Poh-\p-am-Wv. Bmhpw Poh\pw IqSnb Jp-B-\ns dqln\v Ien-amv
Fp-]-d-bp-p. AXm-I-s, ]d-mepw Fgp-Xn-bmepw Xocp-I-bn-. Ilv^v: 109,
epJvam: 27 Iqn-hm-bnpI. JpB\ns Bi-bs aqSn-sh a\p-jy h[n-s-n-cn-pp Fv A_k: 17-epw, Jp-B-\ns Bibw Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I h[n--s-n-cn-pp Fv ap\m-^n-Jq: 4epw ]-d-n-p-v.
Xu_: 6768 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. dqlmb Jp-B lrZ-b-n-ep-m-Ip-tm am{X-amWv Hcph dqlns DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn \ne-sImp--Xv. Jp-B-\ns Bmhv Cmh Dd-p--h-s\-tmse Poh am{X-ap-h-\m-Wv. AXmWv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I h[n--sncn-pp Fp-]-d--Xns
hnh-.
^pkvkzn-e-v: 30-32 kq--fn, \nbw R-fpsS \mY Am-lp-hmsWv {]Jym-]n-p-I-bpw, ]ns B {]Jym-]-\-n Ddv \np-Ibpw sNp-hcpsS-ta(R-f
- psS dqlns DSa Am-lp-hmWv F t_m[y-n Ddv \nph) \n `b-s-ScpXvv, \n ZpxJn--cpXv, \ntfmSv hmKvZw sNp
kzKw sImv ktm-jn-p-sIm-pI Fp]-dpsImv ae-p-I CdpXmWv. Cl-nepw ]c-nepw R-fmWv \n-fpsS kwc-Iamcpw an{X--fpw,
\nv kzK-n \n-fpsS Bmhv B{K-ln-p--Xpw, icocw tXSp--Xpamb Fmapv. AYhm Am-lp-hns\ JpB\ns BibwsImv lrZ-b-n
kqn-p hnizm-kn-Iv ae-p-I ]mdm-hp-Im-cm-bnv Dmbncnpw. dAvZv: 11
t\mpI. _Jd: 30-mw kq-a-\p-k-cn-v a-\p-jysc Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn- mWv `qan- b n \ntbm- K n- Xv . Fm Jp- B \ns BibwsImv
Amlphns\ lrZ-b-n kqnv, "Amlv' F kvac-Wbn Fm-bvtmgpw
\ne-sIm-p hnizm-kn-I am{X-amWv Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-hp-I. _Jd: 152,
A^m: 24 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Am-lp-hns\ ad--h Pnv Iqp-Im-c\mb ]nim-Nns\ lrZ-b-n kqn--h-cpw, ]nim-Nns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fp-am-Wv. Ankm-Av: 118, lqZv: 118-119, lnPv: 12 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. dAvZv: 28, Jp-B\ns
BibwsImv lrZ-b-v imn e`n-psav ]d-n-p-v. ^-Pv: 2730 ,
Hm imn t\Snb Bm-th, \o \ns \mY\n-tev \mY Xr]vXn-s]psImpw,
\lv (16)
477
\o \mYs\smv Xr]vXn-spsImpw XncnphcnI. Fs {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn
F\npthn am{Xw Pohnv Fs kzK-n {]th-inpsImpI Fp]dbsSp-Xpam-Wv. lnPv: 99 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. An-bm-Av: 25- Amlp ]d-bpp: Rm\-msX thsd Cem-ln Fv
Znhy- k - t iw \In- s Im- - msX \n\pappw Hcp {]hmNI- s \bpw \mw
Abnn. Atm \n F\npthn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-cm-hp-I. "Amlp
AmsX thsd Cem-ln' F hmIyw hn-p-Xv kzm^m-v: 35epw, apl--Zv:
19epw am{X-am-Wv. ^mnl: 4 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
"Ahs ASn-a-I-fn\nv Ah-\p-t-in-phcpsS-ta Cdp-p' Fv ]dXv; \n\-mtWm Cu Jp-B Cd-p-Xv? Cu Jp-B al-mb cv \mSpI-fnse GsX-nepw alm]pcp-jamv Cd--s-Sm-sXmWv?(kpJvdp-^v: 31-)
F- \ntj-[n-IfpsS tNmZys- Dt-inmWv. \ntj-[n-I ]d-Xmbn kzmZv:
8 Amlp ]d-bpp: \psS CS-bn Ch\mtWm Cu ZnIv Cds-Xv?
A; Ah Fs "ZnIvdn'sJp-B-\ns Bibw Imcy-n kwi-b-n-e-Is--Xm-Ip-p. A; Atm Ah in cpNn-pIXs sNpw. Npcp--n
{]hm-N-IXzw tNmZn-p hmm-hp H-, AXv Amlp \n-bn-p-Xpw Ahs
ASn-a-I-fn\nv Ah- CjvS-s-Sp--hsc AXn-\p-thn sXsc-s-Sp-p--Xpam-Wv. Fm kamKwJp-B-\ns Bibw C_vdmlow: 1 {]Imcw Ah-chcpsS DS-a-tbmSv Hmtcm-cp-cpw tNmZn-p-hm-t--Xm-Wv, AXv Bm-hns `Whpw hkv{XhpamWv. Alv: 36 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. _Jd: 163, ABw: 102-103
3.
BIm-i--sfbpw `qan-sbbpw Ah ey-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv krjvSnnp-Xv. Ah P]n-p ]m-fn--n \nsmw Ah AXoX\mIp-p.
lnPv: 85-86 t\mp-I. BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS krn-n-s\-p-dnv Nn-np-hv Ah-bpsS {kmhv GI-\m-sW-pw Ah-bpsS krn-ntem DS-a--X-bntem
ampw Hcp ]panspw t_m[yw hcp-X
- m-Wv. Cu {]]-
- n FhnsS\npw
]ptN-en\v bmsXmcp sXfnhpw e`n-p-I-bn-. Fm Dd-p-e-`n-p kXyamb Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-w sImv Am-lp-hns\ Is-p-Isb PohnXeyw
{Kln-m--h inn (A-m-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tN-pI)
AI-s-SpI Xs sNpw. P\-fn A[n-I-t]cpw Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-hIm-i--fn ]p-tNpsIm-msX Ah-\n hnizkn-p-I-bn-sv bqkp^v:
105106 ]d-n-p-v. k_-Av \nhmkn-I Am-lp-hns\ ad-p-sImv [nm-cnIfpw A{I-an-Ifpamb-tm Ahsc Amlp Nn-`n--amn \in-n-p-I-f-p.
\n-b-w B kw`-h-n Fm Hmtcm am-ep-pw \n-{]-I-Sn-n-p--hpw
]mT-ap-sv k_-Av: 19- ]d--tijw 20-, C_veokv Ahs B{Klw Ahcp-sS-ta kXy-s-Spn, Ah-cn hnizm-kn-If
- mb Hcp-hn-`m-Ks
- am-gnsI Ahs\ ]n]-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 21, Ah\v Ah-cp-sS-ta bmsXm-cp A[n-Im-c-hp-ap-m-bn-cp-n.
BcmtWm Ay-Zn-\-s-smv hniz-kn-p--sX-pw, BcmWv AXns Imcyn kwi-bm-ep-shpw \apv Xncn-d
- n-bm thnb-m-sX(Cu kw`-h
- s
- fmpw
\S-n hcp-n-bn-n-). \ns \mY Fm Hmtcm Imcy-fpw kqn-p--h
Xs-bmWv. amCZ: 94, AAvdm^v: 185, dAvZv: 14, C_vdmlow: 11, 22, hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
478
4.
a\p-jys\ Ah krjvSn-n-p-Xv C{n-b-p-n-bpsS Awi-n

\nm-Wv. Atm Ah\Xm hy-amsbmcp IpXn-bmbn Xoncn-p-p.
bmko: 7778 kqfn, \mw Ahs\ C{n-b-p-n-bpsS Awiw

sImmWv krjvSn-s
- X-v a\p-jy a\-n-em-n-bn-n-t, Atm Ah-\Xm hyamb IpXn-bm-bn-cn-p-p. Ahs krjvSn-ns\ ad-p-sImv \ap-Xm Ah
D]-a]m-fn-I-sfbpw Na-p-p. Ah tNmZn-p-p: Fv \pcpngn-m
BcmWv \s hopw Pohn-n-pI Fv. Alv: 74-78- Iqn hmbn-p-I. apIv:
14- Amlp tNmZn- pp: A; BcmtWm krjv S n- Xv Ah\v Xs
krjvSnsbpdnv Adn-hn-stm? A; Ah Dn-s-bp-n Adn-bp kqvam-\n-bpw, Fmw hebw sNbvX {XnIme-m-\n-bpw Xsb-tm. bq\p-kv: 61,
lqZv : 5 hni- Z o- I - c Ww t\mp- I . ^pJm: 54- Amlp ]d- b pp:
AhXsbmWv a\pjys\i-co-cw shn \nv krn--Xv, Ah-\n hwi_-hpw hnhm-l-_-hpw DmpIbpw sNbvXp, \ns \mY AXn-s\mw
Ign-hp-h
- Xs-bm-Ip-p. 55, Fm Ah- Am-lp-hns\qSmsX Ahv
D]-Im-ctam D]-{Z-htam sNm Ignbm-hsc C_m-Zv sNp-p. \ntj[n Ahs
dn-t\mSv {]Xy i{Xp Xs-bm-bn-cn-p-p.
a\p-jym.... \o Fp]d-m \ns ico-c-am-tWm, AtXm BmhmtWm?
Bm-hns\ Fhn-sS-bmWv krjvSn--sXv \o Xncn--dn-n-ptm? Fn\mWv
kzK-n krn \ns `qan-bntev \ntbm-Kn-n-p--sXv Adn-bmtam?
FmWv Dd-w, ac-Ww, ac-W-tijw Fsm-s- Nn-n-n-ptm? {kjvSm-hns\
Is-pI F Pohn-X-eyw a\-n-em-n-bn-ptm? An-km-Av: 1, lqZv: 7
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
5.
Ip-Im-en-Itfbpw Ah-\mWv krjvSn--Xv. Ah-bn \nv {]Xntcm[hpw, apXc-n-ep {]tbm-P-\--fp-ap-v. Ahbn \np-h
\n `n-p-pap--tm.
ABw: 143- 144 t\mp- I . Ip- I m- e n- I - f psS tcma- sImv

XWpn\nvc e`n-m-\p Infnt]mep hkv{X- Dm-pp FmWv Ah-bn {]Xn-tcm-[apv Fp-]-d-Xns hnh-. Alv: 80, Amlp
Ip-Im-en-I-fpsS XpI sImv hoSp-mm \nsf ]Tn-n-n-cn-p-p, sN-
\lv (16)
479
cn-bm-Sns tcma-hpw, tImem-Sns tcmahpw, H-I--fpsS tcmahpsamw \nv
]e-X-c-n-ep Pohn-tXm-]m-[n-I \nn-p--Xn\v thn hnt[-b-amn Fp]-d-n-cnpp.
ap-X-c-n-ep {]tbm-P-\--fpv Fp-]-d-m, bmko: 71-73 kq-fn, \psS Ic--fm krjvSn Ip-Im-en-Isf Ahv DSa-s-SpnsmSpn-cn-p-Xv Ah ImWpn-t, Ahsb \mw Ahv CWnsmSp-n-cnpp, Ah-bn NneXns\ Ah hml-\-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-p-I-bpw, Nne-Xns\
Ah `n-p-I-bpw sNp-p. Ah-bn Ahv ]e-X-c-n-ep D]-Imchpw
]m\o-b-hp-apv, Atm Ah \n-{]-I-Sn-n-p-nt Fv tNmZn-p-p. AhbpsS tcma-fpw, XpI-ep-Ifpw ]e-X-c-n-ep- D]-I-c-W--fp-m-m D]-tbm-Knp-Xv ]g-b-Im-evXs Ip]n-Sn-n-cp-s-nepw, ]-kmc ^mIvS-dn-bn
AhbpsS Fv D]-tbm-KsSpm XpS-n-bXv B[p-\nI Ime-L--n am{XamWv. Ip-Im-en-I-fpsS Bam-i-b-n \npw IpS-en \np-amWv Hm]-td-j
Ign--Xn\ptijw Xpm-\p "ImvLv' Dm-p--Xv. Ah-bpsS sImgp-n
\nmWv Im]vkyq-fp-I Dmp--Xn-\p Pem-n \nn-p--Xv. tcmK-{]-Xntcm-[
-- n\v D]-tbm-Kn-p hmIvkn-\p-Ifpw kod-fpw, Ckp-en t]mep acpp-I-fp-samw \nn-m Ahsb D]-tbm-K-s-Spp-p-v. a\p-jyv `-Wn\v D]-tbm-Kn-m-hp hn[-n, Cv tmWnwKv Ip-Im-en-I-sf krnv D]tbm-Kn-m Bcw-`n-p Ign-p. kpa: 6, \nv Ip-Im-en-I-fn\nv Fv
tPmUnIsf Cd-n-p Fp-]-d--Xn \nv Ip-Im-en-IsfbpwBm-hv
BIm-i-p\nv Cd-n-b-Xm-Wv Fv a\-n-em-mw. Fm icocw C{n-b-pn-bn\nv `qan-bnXs krjvSn-p-I-bmWv sNpXv. C_vdmlow: 34 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.X
6.
Ah-sb sshIp-tcw(B-e-bn-te-v)Xncnv sImp-h-cp-tmgpw,

cmhnse tabm hn-b-ptmgpw \nv Ah-bn IuXp-I-apv.
apIm-e--sf-tmse Cv Ip-Im-en-Isf hym]I-ambn hfp-n-.

Ahsb hfp--hv tabmhnSp-tm-gpw, sshIp-tcw sXmgpntev
sImphcptm-gp-samw IIp-fnabpw, AhbpsS DSa--X-bn A`n-am-\hpw
tXmp--Xm-Wv. Imf-hn D]tbmKnn-cp Imev, Nc-p-I Dtin ev
Fn--W-atm F Bh-iyI-X am\nv Imf-Iv \ `-Whpw ]cn-]m-e-\hpw \In hfn-bn-cp-p. Fm Cv Ah-bpsS m\v tamtm hml-\ \In Amlp a\pjysc A\p-{K-ln--tm, Ah B[p-\nI a\p-jy-sc
BIjn-pIbpw, Ip-Im-en-Isf hfpXn\npw {]Ir-Xn-bp-ambn XmZmyw
{]m]n-p-X
- n\npw Ah AI-ep-Ibpw sNbvXp. bm{nI bpK-n-ep a\pjy
Cv {]Ir-Xnbn\nv AIv Ir{Xna-amb PohnX ssien-Ifntev BIjnsv Ah-cpsS bYm Poh-X-eyw ad--h-cmbn A[x]Xnv sImn-cn-pIbpw, `qansb \in-nv sImn-cn-p-I-bp-am-Wv. Jp-B-\ns Bm-hns\ aqSn-sh-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmWv AXn ap]-n-bnsev Jp-B DIm-gvm-Zm-bIambn D]-tbm-Kn-m ImWm Ign-bp--Xm-Wv. Cv Jp-B Inm, sXmSm
P\-X-bmWv Ip-Im-en-Isf hfp--sXpw, XmcX-tay\ {]IrXn PohnXw \bnp--sXpw Jp-B-\ns Bibw Xpem-kmbn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-phv a\n-em-hp--Xm-Wv. apkvenwI-fpsS A[x]X\w Xs-bmWv temI-ns Ah-km-\n\v Imc-W-am-hpI F Am-lp-hns Ncy \S-n-em-bnsm-n-cn-p-IbmWv.
bq\pkv: 57-58, lnPv: 87-88 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
480
7.
hfsc ti-tmSv IqSn-b-msX \nv Fn-t-cm Ign-bm

\mSpI-fn-tev Ah \n-fpsS `mc- Npa-p-p. \nbw \nfpsS- \m-Y hfsc Ir]m-ephmb Imcp-Wy-hm Xsbtm.
B[p-\nI Imepw tdmUp-Ifnm e--fn-tev km[-\- sImpt]m-Ip-Xn\v Ip-Im-en-Isf D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-p-v. As\ hfsc _pnapnbmsX FnsSm Ignbm \mSp-I-fn- hoSv shp--Xn-\pw, Xma-kn-p-Xn\pw Ip-Im-en-Isfs-bmWv hml-\-ambn Cpw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-Xv.
C-s\bp kuI-cy--sfmw sNbvXv X {kjvSmhv hfsc Ir]-bp--h-\pw,
Imcp-Wy-ap--h\pw Xs-btm Fv a\p-jysc Hmann-pIbmWv.
8.
\nv khmcn sNp--Xn-\v hml-\-ambpw Ae-m-c-ambpwsImv

IpXn-c-I-sfbpw tImh Igp-X-I-sfbpw Igp-X-I-sfbpw Ah krjvSnn-cn-p-p. \nv Adnbm thsd NneXv Ah krjvSn-pXpam-Wv.
Cu kq-n ]d aqv arK--sfbpw `-W-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-cpsXv

\_n ]Tn-nn-p-v. kpKvdp^v: 12-14 Amlp ]d-bpp: Ah-\mWv Fm-h-kvXp-fnepw CW-Isf Dm-n-b-Xv. I-ep-I-fn\npw Ip-Im-en-I-fn\npw Ah
\nv k-cn-m hml-\- Gs-Sp-n--cn-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p.
\n Ah-bpsS ]pdv Ib-dn-bn-cnp-Xn\pw, \nfpsS \mYs A\p-{K-l Hmn-p--Xn-\pw-th-n. As\ \n k-hm-cn-sNm thn Ccn-p-dn-m {]mn-p-hn: "Rv CXns\ hnt[-b-am-n---h ]cn-ip--\mIp-p, CXns\ CW-m Rv km[n-p-h
- c
- m-bn-cp-n-. \n-ba
- mbpw RfpsS An-a-a-Sw R-fpsS \mY-\n-tev Xs-bm-Ip-p'. hml-\-n Ibdptmgp Cu {]m\ Bi-b-an-msX Dcp-hn-Sp--Xp-sImv {]tbm-P-\-sam-pan---Jp-B Bi-b-an-msX ]mcm-bWw sNp--Xp-t]mseXs. BIm-i-`q-anIfnepw Ah-n-S-bn-epw \S-p kw`-h--sfmw t\cs \n-bnv Hcp {Kn tcJ- s - S pnsh- n- p {XnIm- e - m- \ n- b mb Am- l p- h ns\ IpsImmWv {]mnt-Xv. Cu bm{X-bn A]-I-S-sfm-pw kw`-hn-msX
Dt-iy- ]qoI-cnv Xncn-p-h-cm A\p-{K-ln--W-sa-pw, Xm-sd-Sptm-SpIqSn, ktm-j-tm-Sp-IqSn \ns lrZ-bw-sImv Ip-sImv Ah-km-\w \nntepXs Xncn-p-h-cm A\p-{K-ln--W-sapamWv {]m\bpsS Bibw.
\lv (16)
481
{]m\ sIm-msX hn[n amsSp-I-bn-sv \_n ]Tn-n-n-cn-p-p. bm{Xbn am{X-a-, Ftmgpw "Am-lv' F kvacWbn \ne-sIm-t--Xp-am-Wv.
lnPv: 99 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. {]m\ kzoI-cn-p-Xn\p cv D]m-[nI _Jd: 186- hmbn-p-I. lqZv: 120, lnPv: 6-9 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
kq-n ]d arK--fmWv Jp-B Ah-X-cn-p Imev hml-\-fmbn Dmbn-cp-s
- X-n, ]noSv a\pjys {]tbm-P\
- n\pthn Im, _kv,
temdn, Xoh-n, hnam-\w XpSn ]ehml-\-fpw \nn-p-Xn\v a\p-jys\
Amlp ]Tn-npI-bp-m-bn. CXmWv "\nv Adnbm thsd NneXv Ah
krjvSn-p--Xpam-Wv' Fv ]d--Xns Bi-bw. `mhnbn ]dps]mm\pw
Cd-m-\pw hnim-e-amb ekuIcyw Bh-iy-an-m hn[-n-ep, iw
t]mepan-m "]dpwXfnI' t]mep hml-\-fpw \ne-hnhtmw.
9.
amK--fn ey-n-se-mhbpm-bn-cns t\cmb amKw

ImWnv sImSp- Am-lphns _m[y-X-bm-Ip-p. Ah Dt-inn-cp-psh-n \nsf Fm-h-scbpw kamK-n-em-p-Ibpw
sNpam-bn-cp-p.
Pohn-X-n sXmm-bn-c-n-sXm-q-sm-Xv amK--fpw ey-n-se-m-hbpw \c-I-n-te-p-- ]nim-Nns amK-fpam-Wv. Hv am{X-amWv ey-ntev Fp kzK-n-te-p Am-lp-hns GI-amKw. Pohn-X
- ns Fm
\nan-j--fnepw e--fnepw B GI-amKw lrZ-b-n DWp--XmWv
"XZvIndx'Jp-B-\ns lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn-ep Bibw AXpsIm-mWv
AXns\ Am-lp-hn-tev Fn-s-Sm-\p Snv Fv ]d-bp--Xv. B GIamKw
kzoI-cn--h-cmWv BZw apX Ay-\mh-sc-bp Am-lp-hns GI kwLw.
\_n, hfhpw Xncn-hp-an-m Hcp t\tcJbpw AXn\nc-ph-ipw hf-thm-Sp-IqSnb At\Iw tcJ-Ifpw hctijw t\tcJ Nqn-m-Wnp sImv Cs\
]d-bp-I-bp-mbn: CXmWv t\sc sNmt-bp GI amKw, asm amKfpw
ey--se-n-s-Sm ]ng amK--fm-Wv. amCZ: 60, bq\pkv: 99-100 hni-ZoIcWw t\mp-I.
a\p-jysc `qan-bn-tev Abp-Xn\papv Xs Ahv Pohn-m Bhiy-amb hmbp, shw, shfnw, `-Ww, hkv{Xw, ]mnSw XpSn apgp-h
kwhn-[m\-fpw km[\kam-{KnIfpw ChnsS kwhn-[m-\n- {kmhv, Ahv PohnXeyw Xncn--dnv kzK-n-tepXs Xncnv t]mIm -th- kwhn-[m\hpw Dm-n-bn-pv. Xu_: 115 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. thZ-{K-neq-sSbpw
AXv hni-Zo-Ic
- n-p {]hm-NI
-
- amcneq-sSbpamWv Cu kwhn-[m-\w- Gs-Sp-nbncnp--Xv. _n\: 12 t\mpI. \n AXv AwKo-I-cn-p-n-s-n \n-fpsS
A`n-{]m-b-n a\pjys amK-Zi-\-n-\mbn {kmhv asv kwhn-[m-\-amWv
Gs]-Sp-n-bn-p-Xv? icn-bmb amK-ta-sXv At\z-jnv Ism a\p-jyv
_pn-in \In-bn-ptm FmWv hmZsan P\- _pn-amamcmbn
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
]cn-K-Wn-p XXz-Nn--Im, imkv{X-am, tUmam XpS-n-b-h-scmpw
bYm-n _pn-amam-tcm, GI{km-hns amK--n Ncn-p--htcm A.
B-en-Cw-dm: 190-191 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. _pnv icn-bmb amKw Is-phm Ign-bn-s--Xn\v hyamb sXfn-hpam-WXv. AAvdm^v: 175179, lqZv: 88, dAvZv:
7, 31, lnPv: 75, 90 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
482
10.
AhXsbmWv \nv BIm-ip\nv sh-an-dn-Xv.

AXn\nmWv \n IpSn-pXv, \n-fpsS Imen-Iv Xnm\p sNSn-I hf-cp-Xpw B shw sImv Xs-bm-Wv.
kPZ: 27-, \nbw \mw DWn hnpIodnb `qan-bn-tev shs

\bn- p- Xpw, AXp- s Imv Irjn- ap- f - n- pXpw Ah ImWp- nt!
AXn\nmWtm Ah-cpsS Ip-Im-en-Ifpw Ahcpw Xnp--Xv. Atm Ah
"_kzm-C'DmgvND]-tbm-Ks
- -Sp-ph-cm-Ip-nt? ChnsS BZyw XnpXv
Ip-Imen-I-fmWv F hkvXpX a\-n-emn, Am-lp-hns\ Ispn-stbm
-Fpw, DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iamb Jp-B-\ns samw Bibw D]-tbm-K-s-Spn
Pohn-Xe
- yw I-s-pn-stbm Fp-amWv tNmZn-p-Xv. bq\pkv: 92, bqkp^v:
11.
Ah AXvsImv \nv thn Irjn apf-n-p-pHenhpw

Cu-\
- b
- pw, apn-cnbpw asmê-fn \np-h
- bpw. \nbw
AXn- Btem-Nnv {]Xn-^-en-n-p P\Xv [mcmfw Zrm-fpv.
"Ya-dmv' Fv ]d--Xn ]g- am{X-a Fm ImbvI-\n-Ifpw ]--dnIfpw Ds-Sp--Xm-Wv. dAvZv: 3 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
12.
\nv Ah cmhn-s\bpw ]I-en-s\bpw, kqcy-s\bpw N{-s\bpw

hnt[-b-amn Xn-cn-p-p. \-{X-fpw Ahs I]-\-{]-Imcw
hnt[-ba
- m-s
- -n-cn-p-p. \nbw AXn _pn-bp-]t- bm-Knv Nnnp P\Xv [mcmfw ]mT-fpv.
13.
Ah `qan-bn \nvthn Ahs hnhn[ \nd-- ]c-n-bnn-cn-p-p. \nbaXn lrZbwsImv kvacn-p P\-Xv [mcmfw
]mT--fpv.
apIv: 24- Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm I]n-pp: Ah-\mWv \nsf

`qan-bn ]c-n-bn-n-cn-p--Xv, Ah-\n-tev Xs-bmWv \n-sf-m-hcpw ]p\ohn-n-v Hcp-an-p-Iq--s-Sp-I. Adqw: 22- Amlp ]d-bpp: Ahs Zrm--fns]-XmWv BIm-i-`q-an-Isf krjvSn--Xpw, \n-fpsS `mj-Ifpw \nd-fpw hyXykvX-am-nbXpw. \nbw AXn m\n-Iv [mcmfw ]mT-fpv. ^mXzn:
\lv (16)
483
27-28 Amlp ]d-bpp: \o In-t, \nbw Am-lp- BIm-i-p-\nv shan-d-p-p, AXp-sImv `qan-bn\nv hnhn[ \nd--fn-ep ê- ]pd-s-Sp-hnp-p. ]X--fn sh, NpI-v, ISpw-I-dpv XpSn hnhn[ \nd-fn-ep-
inem-\n-c-Ifp-v. a\p-jy-cnepw, arK--fnepw, Ip-Im-en-I-fnepw AXp-t]m-se- hnhn[ \nd--fn-ep--h-bp-v. \n-b-ambpw Jp-B\ns Bi-b-a-dn-bp m\nI am{Xta Am-lp-hns\ `b-s-Sp-Ibp-q. \nbw Amlp AP-\pw Gsd
s]mdp-p-h
- \
- p-am-Ip-p. "Ah `qan-bn \nvthn Ahs hnhn[ \nd
]c-n-bn-n-cn-p-p' Fv ]d--Xns hnh, Poh-\p--hbpw Poh-\n-mhbp-amb Fm hkvXp--fp-sSbpw hnhn-[--fmb \nd--fpsS DSa Am-lp-hmWv
Fm-Wv. _Jd: 138, A-Bw: 141, 153, bq\pkv: 24, 42-43 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
14.
Ah Xs-bmWv kap-{Zs \nv hnt[-b-amn-Xpw

\n AXn\np ]pXp-amwkw `n-p--Xn\pw, \n [cnp B`-c-WhkvXp- AXn\nv ]pd-s-Sp-p--Xn-\pwthn,
kap-{Z-ns hncn-amdv apdnpIS-p I-ep-Isf \o ImWpp-htm--A-m-lp-hns HuZmcy- tXSp--Xn-\pw, \n \n-bp--hcmIp-Xn\pw thn-.
a\pjy\v D]-Po-h-\amK-ambn ay-_--\-n\pw `-W-n-\pw kap-{Zs

hnt[-ba
- m-nbn-pv. IqSmsX apv, amWnIyw, ac-XI
- w, ]hn-gw, sshcw, sshUqcyw,
C{\o-ew, ]pjy-cmKw, tKmta-XIw Fo \h-c-Xv\-fpw kap-{Z-fn\nv ]pds-Sp-p-p. Hcp \mn\nv adp-\m-n-tev Nc-p-I sImp-t]m-Ip--Xn-\pw
h-cp--Xn\pw I-ep-IsfbmWv B[p-\nI Imepw IqSp-X B{i-bn-p--Xv. Cu
A\p-{K-l--sfmw Amlp \In-bXv Ahsbpw, Cu hkvXp--fp-sS-bp-samw
DS-asb Xncn--dnv Ah\v \n- {]I-Sn-n-p--Xn-\pw, Ahs\ GI-\mbn AwKo-Icn-p--Xn\pw thn-bm-Wv. _Jd: 152, dAvZv: 22, \lv: 8 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
15.
`qan-bn \mw ae-I-fm-ep BWn-I m]n-n-cn-p-p-AXv \ntfm-Sp-IqSn BSn-bp-e-bm-Xn-cn-p--Xn\v thn. Ah\Xn \Zn-Ifpw
]mXIfpw Dm-n--\n- kamKw {]m]n-p-Xn\v thn.
ap-]e {]tbm-P-\-fpaps-nepw `qan-bpsS Ne-\-nepw {à-W-nepw

kpe\w km[n-pXn\pw `qansb De-bmsX \np-Xn\pw thn-bmWv
`qanbn ]-X- m]n--Xv Fv CXn\npw a\-n-em-hp-p. ]-X-fpsS Cu {]tbm-P-\s-n Jp-B-\n ]e-bn-S--fnepw hy-am-n-bn-pv.
Fm Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n \nv AI-p-t]mb Hcp P\X, Cv ]-Xfnse ]mdbpw Ipw apw FSpv hb-ep-I- \nc-mn Ahn-S--fn sIn-S \nn-p-I-bpw, AXp-hgn Amlphns BWn-I ]dnv Bh-iy-an-m-nS-fn Xd-p-Ib
- p-amWv sNp-X
- v. Ans\ Ah `qansb \in-n-p-p. \njv]-hm-\mb \oXn-am-\mb {kmhv `qansb \in-n-p-n-, AYhm a\p-jy-cpsS Ic-fm Xs-bmWv `qan \in-n--s-Sp-I. Adqw: 41-, a\p-jy-cpsS Ic-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
kmZn-Xns ê-ambn Ic-bnepw IS-enepw \miw {]Xy--s-n-cn-p-p.
AhcpsS {]h-\--fn Nne-Xns {]Xym-Lm-Xw Ahsc cpNn-n-p--Xn\v
thnbpw, Ah bYm Pohn-eyn-tepw, `qan-bpsS kp-e\w \ne\np amK-n-tepw Xncnphcp--Xn\pthnbpw Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
484
"Ah\Xn \Zn-Ifpw ]mXIfpw Dm-n' Fv ]d--XvsImp-t-in-pXv B[p-\nI Imes tdmUp-Ifpw ]me-fpw \nn-p--Xn-\p-apv a\p-jy
D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-bn-cp {]Ir-Xn-bnX-s-bp hgn-I-fpw ae-m-X-I-fpw Ipdp-ph-gn-Ifpw Npc--fp-amWv. \Zn-Isfbpw a\p-jy KXm-K-X-n\v D]-tbm-Kn-p-h-ncpp.
Jp-B\ns BibanmsX, imkv{Xo-b-amb Adn-hp-I am{Xw t\Snb a\pjy, {]Ir-Xnsb AXns kp-\-e-n \ne-\nm thn {]mn-p-Itbm, {]hn-p-Itbm sNp-n. Cv `qan-bp-sSbpw a\p-jycmin-bpsSbpw \min\pap Imc-W- hy-amnsmSp-p Jp-B\ns Bibw Dbsv sImn-cn--bm-Wv. AXv ]Tn-m-t\m, ]Tn-n-mt\m Bcpw Xm-dn. samw
a\p-jy-cpsS amK-Zi-\-n-\pXpw, a\p-jyv kzK-n-tepXs Xncn-pt]m-hm\pSn-pamb Jp-B\ns Bibw kzbw XnpItbm, ap-hsc
Xnm A\p-h-Zn-p-Itbm sNmsX, `qan \inpImWm-\p _-m-Sn-emWv
Cv JpB hln-p--h-. a\p-jy-cnshv Ghpw henb [rXn-bphcpw,
ùXnI Pohn-X-tmSv IqSp-X BIj-Wap-hcpw Jp-B aqSnshh-cmsWv
DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iambn Jp-B D]-tbm-Kn-m ImWmhp-XmWv. ABw: 26,
A^m: 22 t\mpI.
16.
Ah AS-bm-f-fpw m]n-p. \{X-sImpw Ah amKZi\w sN-sSpp-tm.
`qan-bn \Zn-Ifpw ]mXIfpw Dm-nbXv t]mse- hgnIfpw efpw Xncn-dn-bm-\p AS-bm-f-fpw m]np FmWv "AS-bm-f-fpw m]n-p' Fv
]d-XvsImv Dt-in-p--Xv. Amlp `qan apgp-h Htc cq]-n-e krjvSn-np-Xv, Hmtcm JWvV-n\pw hyXy--amb e-W--fp-v. ]e-\n-d-n-ep
]-X-, Ipp-I, Xmgvhc-I, K, \Zn-I-, ans hyXykvX kz`mh- XpS-n-b sshhn[y, Hmtcm ehpw Xncn--dn-bm klm-bn-p-pv.
AXn-{]m-No-\-Imew apXXs hgnbS-bm-f- Xosc-bn-m acp-`q-an-bn-eq-sSbpw
kap- { Z- n- e qsSbpw k- c n- - - h v ZniIs- p- - X n\v \{X-
klmbIamhp-pv. AXn\pXIp hn[-n-emWv bpn-\mb Amlp \{X--sf kwhn-[m-\nn-p--Xv. Cu kwhn-[m-\--fneq-sS-sbmw {]]--\m-Ys\
Is- pI F- X mWv bYm- n- e p amK- Z i- \ w. AXmWv \- { XsImpw amK-Zi\w sN-s-Sp-pv Fp-]-d-Xns hnh-. dAvZv:
34, lnPv: 16-20 t\mp-I.
\lv (16)
485
17. Atm krjvSn-p-- Hcph bmsXmpw krn-m--hs\tmsebmtWm? \n lrZbwsImv Hmn-p-nstbm?
Amlp-hns A[n-Im-cm-hIm-i--fn ]p-tNp B{I-an-I, krjvSnv
\S-p-s
- Xmw Amlp Xs-bmsWv AwKo-Ic
- n-p-ps-n-epw, Ah Ah\v
]I-c-m-scbpw CSbmfam-scbpw ip]mi-m-scbpsamw P]np--h-cm-Wv.
{km-hn-s-bpw krn-If
- p-sSbpw KpW Hcp-t]m-se- IcpXp-Xpw, Ah-scsbmw
Htchn`m- K - n s]Spp- Xpw, Fs\ \oXo- I - c n- m- \ mhpw\n-
lrZbwsImv kvacn-p-nt? bq\p-kv: 3435, dAvZv: 1618 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.18.
\n Am- l p- h ns A\p- { K- l - Fn- - W - mm

hnNmcnm AXn\v km[n-p-I-bn. \nbw Amlp Gsd s]mdpp- Imcp-Wy-hm- Xsb-tm.
C_vdm-low: 34 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. a\p-jy\,v Xsdqln\nv dqlv

\IpIbpw AXn\v k-cn-m amXm-hn-sbpw ]nXm-hn-sbpw C{n-b-pnbpsS Awi Iqn- t bm- P n- n- v ico- c - a m- I p hml- \ - s am- c ppIbpw
sNbvXh\mWv Amlp. Ahs ico-c-nse Hmtcm tImihpw Am-lp-hns
A\p{Kl-fp-ambn _-s-n-cn-pp. Fm Cu A\p-{K-l--sfmw \Inb
Amlphn-t\mSv \ntj-[hpw Iqdn-m-bvabpw h-\bpw A{I-ahpw ImWn-npw ImcpWn-I-\pw, am-io-e-\p-amb Ah hynbpsS kIe \ntISpw, P\-X-bpsS k
[nm-c-fpw an-p-I-bpw, Xs ImcpWy-w XpS-pw \Insm-n-cnpIbpw
sNpp. {km-hns KpW-hn-ti-j-fpw A[n-Im-c-mh-Im-i-fpw ap--hv hIshv sImSp-p-Ib
- pw, A\p-{K-lZ- m-Xm-hn-t\mSv ImWn-t \n ap-h
- t- cmSv ImWnp-Ibpw sNp--h-cn\nv Amlp Xs HuZmcyw ]nhen-p-n-. Am-lphns\ krjvSnIm-hpw, A\p-{K-lZm-Xm-hp-ambn AwKo-I-cn-p--tXm-sSmw Xs
Ah-t\mSv \ntISpw AXn-{Iahpw ImWn-p-Ibpw, A\p-k-c-W-t-Sn B]-Xn-pIbpw sNp--h-cp-sS-ta-enepw Cl-temI Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h Amlp A\p{Klw sNp-p. AYhm `qan \ne-\nm D]-bp--amb Jp-B\ns Bibw
Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p-, ^pn-e-v: 26-28 kq--fn ]d, Am-l-phns
i{Xp-f
- mb I]-Sh
- n-izm-knIpt]mepw Cl-tem-Iv Pohn-Xm-\p-{K-l
-
- \Inbn-p-v. ac-W-tijw Ahv e`n-p \c-I-am-h-s, AXh kzbw km-ZnpXm-Wv. A-msX ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mb, \njv]-hm\mb Amlp Ahs
ASn-a-I-tfmSv A]wt]mepw A\oXn ImWn-p-I-bn-. AAv-dm^v: 96, 150, Xu_:
95 lnPv: 12 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
19.
\n cl-ky-am-nshp-- FmHpw Amlp Adn-bp-h\p-am-Ipp\n ]c-ky-amp Hp-w.
{XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Amlphn\v Hmtcm krjvSnsbpdnpw ]q-amb

Adn-hp-v. Ahv ]c-temIphcm t]mIp Imcy- Jp-B\nse cm-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
bn-c-n]cw kq--fn-eq-sS-sb-nepw ap-dnbnv \Inbn-p-apv. ]c-tem-Iv
ssIImep-I, sXmen, tIhn, ImgvN XpS-n-b-h-sbmw Ahc-hs-Xnsc
kmywhln-pXmsW-pw, ]nimNpw Ahcn\nv Hgn-p-am-dpXmsWpw
ap-dnbnv \In-bn-p-v. hn[n-Zn-hkw, Ah-cpsS hnNm-cW Ah-c-h-cpsS ]nc-Snbn shn-p ItcJ Ducn-sb-Spv hmbn-n-p-sIm-v Ah-sc-smvXs
\S-n-n-p--Xm-sWv Ckvdm-Av: 13-14 ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. bmko:
65, ^pn-e-v: 19-24, Aq: 24, knkex: 45 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. ^mnl: 3,
bq\pkv: 61, lqZv: 56, C_vdmlow: 2122 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
486
20.
Ah Am-lp-hns\qSmsX hnfnv {]mn-p-h

- c
- p-t- m, Ah
bmsXmpw krn-p-n-, Ah Xsbpw krn--s--h-cm-Ip-p.
21.
Ah acn-h
- c
- m-Wv, Pohn-n-cn-p-h
- t]mep-a
- . FmWv ]p\ohn-n--s-SpI Fpt]mepw Ahv Adn-bpI-bp-an-.
{km-hmb Am-lp-hns\qSmsX GXv krjvSn-Isf hnfnv {]mn-p-Ibm-sW-nepw Ah i]n--s ]nim-Nn-s\-b-msX hnfn-p-n Fv An-kmAv: 117- ]d-n-p-v. Cu kq-n ]d-bp-, Am-lp-hns\qSmsX hnfnv
{]mn-sSp "Cem-lp-I' sImp-t-in-p-Xv ae-p-I-tfm Pnp-I-tfm
]nim-Np--tfm hn{K-l-tfm A, adnv a\p-jy-cns] alm-m--fm-Wv F
Imcyw {]tXyIw {in-I. _Jd: 154-, AAvdm^v: 194195, dAvZv: 14 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
22.
\n-fpsS Cemlv GI Cemlv am{X-am-Ip-p. Atm ]c-temIwsImv - h niz- k n- m- - h - c p- - t m, Ah- c psS lrZ- b - - f n
hntcm[amWp-Xv. Ah Alc-nph-cp-am-Ip-p.
kpa: 45- GI\mb Am-l-phn-s\-p-dnv DW-s-Sp-tm ]c-temIw-sImv hniz-kn-m--h-cpsS lrZ-b-n a\w]pc- A\p-`-h-s-Spp. Ahs\-q-Sm-sX-bp--h-sc-p-dnv Hma-s-Sp-p-tm Ah- ktm-j-`-cn-X-cm-Ipp
Fv ]d-n-pv. Ckvdm-Av: 45-46 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Jp-B Bibadn-nv aqSnsh-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw Jp-B Inn-bnv Bibw ]Tn-v Am-lp-hn-ep
hnizmkw icn-s-Sp-m {ian-m- km[m-cW
-
- mcpw, ]c-tem-I
- n hnizknm-hcpw GI-\mb Am-lp-hns\ AwKo-Ic
- n-m-h
- c
- p-am-Wv. \msf \c-I
- nshv
Ah ]c-kv]cw Ipw]d-bp-I-bpw, i]n-p-I-bpw, Xn-p-Ibpw sNp cwKw
_Jd: 166-167 kq-fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ImWp-I. ^mnl: 7, AAvdm^v:
3540, A^m: 24, bq\pkv: 1718 hni-Zo-IcWw ImWpI.
23.
kwi-b-n-\n-S-bn-, \nbw Amlp Ah- Hfn-npshp clky-hpw, ]c-ky-am-n shfn-s-SppXpsamw Adn-bp--h Xsbm-Wv. \nbw Ah Al-m-cn-Isf Hcn-epw CjvS-s-Sp-n-.
\lv (16)
487
ChnsS Al-m-cn-I Fp-]-d-Xv Jp-B\ns Bi-b-samw Adn-nv
AXn\v hncp--amb PohnXw \bn-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sf-bm-Wv. In_vAl-mcw
Icn-m-\p {]Im-i-amWv Jp-B\ns Bi-bw. _Jd: 255, bq\pkv: 106, dAvZv: 31,
lnPv: 9 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
hnizm-kn-I Ftmgpw Cs\ {]mn-p--h-cmWv. R-fpsS cl-kyhpw
R-fpsS ]c-kyhpw R-fpsS lrZ-b--fpsS Ah-bpw Adn-bp ]cn-ip-\mb \mYm! Rsf \o hn\o-Xcpw hW-a
- p-h
- cpw \ns am{Xw Dn-sbpn
`b-s-Sp--h-cp-am-t-Wta! Rsf \o Al-m-cn-Ifpw [mjvTyap-h-cpw sXmSn-Ifpw PohnXw \jvS-s--hcp-am--cptX!
24.
\n-fpsS \mY FmWv Ah-X-cn-n-n-p--sXv Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-s-m Ah ]d-bpw, AXv ]qn-I-cpsS ]g-p-cm-W-fm-sW-v.
25.
Ay-\mfn AhcpsS ]m]`mcw ]q-ambn hln-p--Xn-\pw, Ah

hgn-]n-g-npsImn-cn-p Adn-hn-mhcpsS ]m]`mcn\nv
Hcp-`m-KhpwIqSn hln-p-Xn\pw thnbmIpp AXv. Adn-ncnpI; Ah hlnpsImn-cn-p- -`m-cw Zpjn--Xv Xs!
\_n-tbmSpw Jp-B-t\mSpw amapivcnv t\Xm- hp]pen-bn-cp

Cu \ne-]mSvXsbmWv Ben-Cw-dm: 10- ]d Cs \ntj-[n-I-fpsSbpw
kz`m-hw. Ah Jp-B ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw, AXn A`nam\np-Ibpw
sNphcpw, Fm Jp-B\ns Amlp Dt-in Bibw ]d-bp-h
- scpdnv,
]ng--h-cm-Wv, tXmn-bXv ]d-bp-h-cmWv Fv km[m-cW -P-\sf [cn-n-ph-cp-amWv. Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I `qcn-]whcp P\-Xsb Jp-B\ns
Bi-b-n\nv XS-bpIhgn Ah-cpsS ]m]-`mcwIqSn hlnv hnNm-c-W-bn-msX
\c-I-ns ASn--n-tev t]mIp--h-cm-Wv. An-kmAv: 145 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
AI-_q-v: 12-13 kq--fn, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb \ntj-[n-I hnizmkn-I-tfmSv ]d-bp--XmWv: \n R-fpsS amKw ]n]-p-I, Fm \nfpsS Ip--sfmw R hln-p-sIm-mw. Fm Ah-cpsS Ip--sfmpw
Xs Ch hln-p-I-bn-, \nbw Ah \pW-]-d-bp-h Xs-bm-Wv. AsX;
Ah-cpsS ]m]`mc-fpw, Ah hgn-]n-g-n ap--h-cpsS ]m]-`m-c-fpsS Hcp]pw
Ah hln-pIXs sNpw. X sIn--a-p--Xns\pdn-smw Ay-\mfn Ah- tNmZn-sSpIXs sNpw. Jp-B kq- sXfn-hmbnnm
GXv I- P\sfsmv sNn-n-mepw ]m]-`mcns HcphnlnXw
hln-t-n-h-cnI AXv sNn-n-p t\Xm--fm-Wv. Xzmlm: 99-100 kq-fn Amlp ]d-bpp: BcmtWm Jp-B\
- ns Bi-b
- n\nv AI-X
- v, Ah
hn[n-Zn-hkw ]m]-`mcw hln-pI Xs sNpw. Ckveman Hcp kwLw am{X-tabpq. Am kwLS\I-sfmw ]nim-Nns kwL-hpw, \c-I-n- Hcp-anpIq-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
s-Sp--h-cp-am-Wv. An-km-Av: 85, 140, ABw: 2526, 31, A^m: 31, Xu_: 55,
488
26.
\n-bw, Ahv app-h

- cpw KqVX{- sa\-n-p-,v Fm
Ah sIn-smnb X{fm-Ip ku[-fpsS taqc ASn-dt- bmsS Amlp AhcpsSta hogvn. Ah Xncn-d
- n-bmhn[w
Ah-v in- hp-`-hn-pIbpw sNbvXp.
aZo-\-bn-ep-m-bn-cp "_\q Jpssdf' F PqX-tKm{Xw apl-Zv \_npw

A\p-bm-bn-Ipsa-Xn-cmbn KqVX{- {]tbm-Kn--tm AXn\v {]Xn-Im-cambn Alvkm_v bp-n\ptijw hnizm-kn-I Ahsc {]Xn-tcm-[n-p. Amcyw
liv: 2 Cs\ hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p-v; Ah hnNm-cn-p, AhcpsS tIm-sIm--f Am-lp-hn \nv Ahsc cnp-sa-v. Fm Ah IW-p-Iq-m-hn[w Amlp Ah-cn hp, Ah-cpsS lrZ-b--fn `bw \nd-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
AhcpsS ssII-fmepw hnizm-kn-IfpsS ssII-fmepw Ah-cpsS hoSp-I \in-n-psIm-n-cp-p. AXpsImv {ImZrnbp _pn-amam- am{Xta AXn\npw
]mT-apsm-p-Ib
- p-q. kpa: 2526 Chp-ap-p-h
- cpw Jp-B\
- ns\ Xnd-n-pv. Atm Ah Xncn--dn-bmhn[w Ah-v in- hp-`-hn-pIbpw
sNbvXp. Cl-tem-Iv shp-Xs Amlp Ahsc \ny-X cpNn-n-p. ]c-tem-Iin--bm-hs Ghpw hep-Xm-WvAh Adn-hp--h-cm-bn-cp-s-n! _Jd: 85
Iqnhm-bn-p-I. A^m: 30, C_vdm-low: 46, dAvZv: 41-42 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
27.
]ns Ay-\m-fn Ah \ny-cm--s-Sp--Xm-Wv. Fs ]m-fnIfmp-Xn-\p-thn \n BcpsS-Im-cy-nemtWm hotdmsS

hmZnncpXv AhschnsS, Fh-tcmSv tNmZn-pIbpw sNpw.
Atm Adnhv e`n--h ]dbpw: \nbw CtZn\w \ny-Xbpw
Xnbpw Jp-B-\ns Bibw aqSn-sh--h-cpsS taemIpp.
kq-n- ]d "Adnhv' sImp-t-in-p-Xv Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-amWv.

Am-lp-hns\qSmsXbp-hsc hnfnv klmbw tXSp-I-bpw, CStXSp-Ibpw apw
sNbvXncp Bfp-I-tfm-Spw, Ahsc AXn\v t{]cn-n-n-cp t\Xm--tfmSpw hn[nZn-hkw tNmZn-p--XmWv: \n hotdmsS hmZn-n-cp, t]mc-Sn-n-cp, bmsXmcp
{]am-Wh
- p-an-msX Fs ]m-fn-Is
- fv P]n-n-cp-h
- Ctm FhnsS? Atm
Ah-cmcpwXs kwkm-cn-p-I-bn. Jp-B\ns Bi-bw e`n m\nI ]dbpw: Jp-B Inn-bnv Am-lp-hns\bpw {]hm-N-I-s\bpw AXn aqSn-shv \ntj[npIbpw ]nim-Nns\ Pohn-npIbpwsNbvX \ntj-[n-ImWv Cv \ny-Xbpw, Zu`m-Ky-hpw. bq\p-kv: 28-30, 37-38, lnPv: 90, \lv: 20-21 hniZo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
28.
kztmSv A{Iaw {]hn Ccw \ntj[nI, ae-p-I

acn- n- p kabv ]q- a mbn Iog- S - p- - X pw, R
\lv (16)
489
Xnbn\nv bmsXmcpXnbpw sNbvXn-cp-n-tm Fv tIgp-Xp-am-Wv. AsX; \nbw Amlp \n {]hnp-sIm-n-cpsXmw Ghpw Adn-bp--h- Xsbm-Ipp.
Jp-B-\ns Bibw kzbw D]-tbm-Kn-msXbpw ap--hv \ImsXbpw
AXns hm-f
- mbn Nap\S-p-Ibpw, ]n-]c
- n-]m-e\w, kwL-S\m{]h\w
apXembh-bn kmbq-Py-aS- b
- p-Ibpw \a-kvImcw, t\mv, lv apX-embh sImp\Sp-Ibpw sNbvX hnizm-kn-I-f-m apkvenwI-fpsS acWcwKamWv ChnsS Nn{XoI-cn-p--Xv. Amlp lrZ-b--fpsS Ah--A-dn-bp--h-\mWv F hkvXpX a\n- e m- msX {]Pv R - b - - h - c mbn Pohn- n- c p Ah "R Xnbn\nv
bmsXmpw sNbvXn-cp-n-tm' Fv ae-p-It- fm-SmWv tI-gp-Xv. Atm I]\
\S-n-em-p ae-p-I: AsX, \n Ip-sampw {]hn-n-p-m-hp-I-bn-.
]t \n-fpsS {]h-\--sfmw Adn-bp Amlp, R-tfmSv \nsf
Cs\ ItTm-c-ambn ]nSnsSpm\mWv I]n-n-p--Xv FmWv adp-]Sn ]d-bpXv. ABw: 93-94, AAvdm^v: 3738, A^m: 5051, Xu_: 125 t\mp-I.
29.
Atm \n \c-I-ns Ihm-S- IS-p-I-bpw, AXn \nXyhm- k n- I - f mbn IgnpIqSp- I bpw sNp- I . Atm [mjv T yaphcpsS ]mnSw hfsc Zpjn-XpXs.
kpa: 59-60 kq-fn, A; Fs kq- \n\v hp-In-n, Atm

\o Ahsb Xn--d-p, \o Al--cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp, \o \ntj-[n-I-fn s]h Xs-bm-bn-cpp. Ay-\m-fn Am-lp-hnsta Iw sIn--a--h-cpsS
apJw ZpxJnv Icp-hm-fn-p--Xmbn \n\v ImWmw. Acw [mjvTy-aphv
\c-I-n ]mnSw t]msctbm? Fv tNmZn-p-p-v. kpa: 7172 Im^n-dpIsf \c-I-n-tev IqwIq-ambn sXfn--s-Sp-Xpw Ah AXn-\-Sp-s-nbm AXns hmXn-ep-I Xpd--s-Sp--Xp-amWv. AXns ]mdm-hp-Im Ah-tcmSv
tNmZnpw: \n-fpsS \mYs kq- hni-Zo-I-cnp Xn-cp, \n-fn
\np ZqXm \nv hn-p-m-bn-cp-nt? Cs\ Hcp Zn\w Ip-aptnhcp-sav \ntfmSv ap-dn-bnv \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-nt? Ah adp]Sn ]dbpw: AsX, Fm Im^n-dpIfmb R-fpsSta inmhN\w _m[-Iambngnp! \n \c-I-ns Ihm-S-- ISv sImpI, AXn \nXy-hmkn-If
- mbn IgnpIqSp-Ibpw sNp-I. Atm [mjvTy-aphcpsS ]mnSw F{X
Zpjn-Xv! Fv ]d-b-sSpw. AAvdm^v: 146-147, Xu_: 5355, lnPv: 91, 99 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I. bmko: 70 IqnhmbnpI.
30.
Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqnv Pohn-p--h-tcmSv: \n-fpsS

\mY FmWv Ah-Xcnnn-p-Xv Fv tNmZn--s-m Ah
]d-bpw: Ghpw D-a-am-bn-p-Xv Fv. Am-lp-hn-s\ -I-vsImv
{]hn-p-hv Cl-tem-I
- vXs \-bp-v, ]c-tem-I- `h\amh-s, AXn-tesd D-a-am-b-Xm-Ip-p. ap-Jo--fpsS `h\w F{X
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
490
A\p-{K-l-k-qw!
bq\pkv: 26, 62-64, \lv: 2- hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Am-lpth Rsf \o Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]n]-thn[w ]n]-p
ap-Jo--fm-t-Wta! Am-lpth Rsf \o kXysJp-B-\ns Bibw
kXy-s-Sp-thn[w kXy-s-Sp-p ap-Jo--fm-t-Wta! Rsf \o JpB-\ns Bibw Xn--d-bp--hcpw AXpsIms Al-mcw \Sn-p--h-cp-amb
{`mam-cm--cptX!
31.
\nXym-\p-{K-l--f-S-nb kzK-q-tm-p-I! Xmgv`m-K-fn-eqsS \ZnI HgpInsmn-cn-pkzn {]th-in-p--Xm-Wv. Ahcp-t-in-p--sXmw Ah-Xnepv. A{]-Im-c-amWv ap-Jo-v
Amlp {]Xn-êw \Ip-I.
kpa: 18- Amlp ]d-bpp: Am-lp-hns hN-\-amb Jp-B {inv

tIp-Ib
- pw, Ghpw \-\n-ev AXns\ ]n]-p-Ibpw sNp-h
- c
- p-t- m, Aq-cmWv Amlp kamK-nem-n-b-h. Aq- Xs-bmWv _pn-amam.
kpa: 33-34 kq--fn, BmtWm kXyw hp-In-p-I-bpw, AXns\ kXy-sSp-p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv, Aq--cmWv ap-Jo--sf-pw, Ahv X-fpsS \mYs
] Ah-cp-t-in-p--sXmapv. AXmWv Am-lp-hn-s\--p-sImv Ncn-p-hp {]Xn-êw Fv ]-d-n-p-v. bq\pkv: 26, lqZv: 49, 114-- -115, bqkp^v:
22, 78, 90 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
32.
]cnipam-cmb Ccw ap-Jo-sf acnnp ka-bv aep-I Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp--XmWv: \nv kam-[m-\w, \n
]WnXpsIm-n-cp-- kzK-n {]th-in-p-sIm-p-I.
a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-ns Ggmw L-n-\v thn km-Zn-m-\mWv \memw Ln-ep `qan-bnse \ntbm-K-sa Pohn-X-eyw a\-n-emn, ChnsS kzKw
]Wn-bp--h-cmWv ap-Jo-. Ah Jp-B ]Tn-p-I-bpw ]n]-p-I-bpw ]Tnnp-Ibpw hgn `qan-bn c-sm-cn-nepw \mihpw Cm-Xmn imnbpw kam-[m\hpw \ne-\np--Xn\v thn {]hrn-p--h-cm-bXn-\m ChnsSshv Xs
kzKw ]Wn-bp--hcm-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm: 133136, AAvdm^v: 43, bq\pkv: 25, dAvZv:
Fm Jp-B Inn-bnv aqSn-shv hKo-b-X-bpw kwL-S\m ]-]m-X-hpw
kzm-X-bpw kzP-\ ]]m-Xhpw kmap-Zm-bn-I-Xz-hp-samw {]Ncnn-p \ntj[nI `qansb \in-n-p-hcpw Ckvemans\ ambvp-I-f-bm thn {]hnp-h
- c
- p-amb A{I-an-Ifpw sXm-Sn-Ifpw {`mamcpamWv. Ah kzwssIsImv
\cIw ]Wn-bp--h-cpw AXn-s\-smv a ssIsIm-p--h-cp-am-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm:
181182, dAvZv: 25 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI.
\lv (16)
491
33. ae-p-I Xs hcn-Itbm As-n \ns dns I]\ hsp-Itbm AmsX FmWv Ah Imn-cn-p-Xv? Chv app
Bfp-Ifpw A{]Imcw {]hn-n-p-v. Ah Amlp hnt\mSv
A{Iaw ImWn- p- h c, Fm Ah AhtcmSv X s- b mWv
A{Iaw ImWn-psImn-cnp--Xv.
_Jd: 57 Ah-km-\n-p-Xv "Ah \tmSv A{Iaw ImWn-n-n, Ah
AhtcmSvXs-bmWv A{Iaw ImWn-psImn-cnp--Xv' Fv ]d-p-sIm-mWv.
kpKvdp-^v: 7476 kq--fn, \nbw {`mam \cIin-bn \nXy-hm-kn-Ifm-bn-cn-pw, Ahv in-bn\nv hnSpXn e`n-p--X-. AhcXn Bi-b
C_veokp-I-fmbn Ign-pIq-Spw, \mw Ah-tcmSv A{Iaw ImWn-n-n-, ]t Ah
Ah-tcmSvXs A{Iaw ImWn-p--h-cm-bn-cp-p Fp-]-d-n-p-v. A-Bw: 52,
158, bq\p-kv: 106 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
34.
Ah {]hn-Xns Xn-I Atm Ahsc _m[n-p, GsXmns kw`-hy-X-sb-p-dnmtWm Ah ]cn-l-kn-psImn-cpXv,

AXvXs Ah-cn B]-Xn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
A-Bw: 10, lqZv: 8, lnPv: 9495 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
35.
Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm- h-Im-i

- f
- n ]p-tNp-h
- ]dbpIbpw
sNpp: Amlp Dt- i n- n- c p- p- s h- n Rtfm R- f psS
]q]nXm- tfm Ahs\qSmsX asmnt\bpw C_m- Z v
sNpambn-cp-n. Ahs hn[n-bn-msX bmsXmns\bpw \njn-amp-Ibpanm-bn-cp-p. A{]-Imcw Xs-bmWv Ahv app-hcpw
{]hn- n- pXv . Atm {]hm- N - I amcpsS- t a ktiw
hyambn FnpsImSp-emsX as-v D-ch
- m-Zn-a
- m-Wp-Xv?
Fm-e-p-w bYm hgn-bn \nv ]ng-p-t]mbhv ]d-bm-\p-Xv CXv

Xs-bm-Wv. AYhm Amlp Dt-in-n-cp-n-s-n Rfns\ BIp-am-bn-cpn--tm! Amlp Hmtcm Bm-hn\pw ZpamK-hpw kamKhpw \Inbn-psv Ah k-Xn-p-n-. Amlp Xs-bmWv kzK-n-tepw \c-I-ntepw Hmtcm-cp-sc Xncn-p-Xv FmWv Am-lp-hns "]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is\'
KpW-\m-a-s \ntj-[n-p Cs I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I- P\-sf ]Tn-n-p-Xv.
C-c-m \nbw Ah kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fm-bn-cp-sv acWka-bv kzn-s\-Xn-cmbn kmyw hln-p--Xm-Wv Fv AAvdm^v: 37, A-Bw: 130 kq-fn ]d-n-p-v. Rm Im^n-dmsWv ]d-bmsX Hcm-sfbpw \oXn-am\mb
Amlp \c-I-n-temp-I-bn-. amCZ: 67, Xu_: 30-31, bq\pkv: 28-30, 59-60,
bqk^v: 53, \lv: 9, 22-25 t\mp-I.
36.
\nbw \mw Fm Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-n-tepw, Amlp-hn\pthn
492
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
am{Xw Pohn- Ww, XmKq- ns\ shSn- b p- I bpw thWw Fp- ] dpsImv {]hm- N - I s\ \ntbm- K n- n- pv . Atm Ah- c n
Amlp kamK-n-em-n-b-h-\p-v, Ah-cn hgn-tISv _m[-I-amb-h\
- p-ap-v. Atm \n `qan-bn k-cnv, kXys Ifhmn
Xn--d-h-cpsS ]cyh-km\w F-s\-bm-bn-cp-sv t\mn-mWp-Ibpw sNp-I.
Xu_: 119, dAvZv: 2731, C_vdmlow: 1, \lv: 2, 30 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
37.
\o Ah- c psS kamK- n\v t hn F{XXs ]cn- { i- a n- mepw

BcmtWm Ahs\ kzbw hgn-]n-gXv, Atm \nbw Amlp
Ahs\ Hcn-epw kamK-n-em-p-I-bn-. Ahv klm-bnIfn\nv BcpwXs DmhpI-bp-an-.
BcmtWm Ahs\ kzbw hgn- ] n- g - n- - X v , Ahs\ Hcn- epw Amlp

kamK-n-em-p-Ibn Fp-]-d-Xns hnh, kamKhpw ZpamKhpw
hy-ambn shfn-hm-b-Xn-\p-tijw a\xkmnv hncp--ambn BcmtWm t_m[]qw hgn-tISv sXsc-s-Sp-Xv, Ahsc Hcn-epw Amlp kamK-n-temp-I-bn- Fm-Wv. Ccw A{I-an-I bmsXmcp AdnhpanmsXJp-B-\ns
Bi-b-an-m-sX Ah-cpsS Cm-\n---fmWv ]n]-p--Xv. Atm Amlp hgn]n-g-n Hcmsf BcmWv kamK-n-em-m-\p-Xv? Ahv klm-bn-I Bcpw
Xs Dm-bn-cn-p--Xp-a- Fv Adqw: 29-epw ]d-n-p-v. A-c-m-cmWv
Amlp sImp-I-f I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I. AAv-dm^v: 178, bq\pkv: 33, bqkp-^v:
103, C_vdmlow: 1, d-AvZv: 2528 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
38.
AhcpsS {]Xn--Iv Amlp-hns\smv ZrVambn BWbnSpIbpw sNpp: acn--hs\ Amlp ]p\Pohn-npIbnsv.

A; AXv Ahs bYm-amb hmKvZ--am-Ip-p. ]t P\-fn A[n-I-t]cpw Adn-hn-m--h- Xsbm-Ipp.
bq\pkv: 50-53, lnPv: 90-91 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. kn-Zp CkvXn-Kv^mdnse(s]m-dp--ens\tSp Ghpw t{ijvT-amb {]m-\-bn-se) "Rm B Hcp
hmKvZnepamWv'Fp]d hmKvZw hn[nZn-h-k-am-Wv. AYhm kzK-n
krjvSnv "Rm\-tbm \n-fpsS DSa' Fv tNmZn-tm Fm Hmtcm-cp-cpw
"AsX \mYm, R kmyw-h-ln-pp' Fv Am-lp-hp-ambn sNbvX DSSnsbp-dnv hn[n-Zn-hkw tNmZn-s
- -Spsa hmKvZ
-
- n-emWvt_m-[
- n-emWv
Cl-tem-I-Po-hn-X-n Ftmgpw Fhn-sSbpw \ne-sIm-p-Xv Fm-Wv. _-Jd:
152 t\mpI. bmko: 59-62, Hm {`mamtc, \n- Ct-Zn\w amdn-\npI,
Hm BZw km-\-tf, ]nim-Nn\pthn Pohn--cp-sXv \n-tfmSv DS-Sn hmnbn-p-m-bn-cp-nt? Ah \n-fpsS hy-amb i{Xp-hm-sWv ]d-n-cp-nt?
\n F\npthn am{Xw Pohnp-I--AXmIpp t\sc-sNm-s-bpff amKw.
\lv (16)
493
Fm \nbw \n-fn \smcpkwLs Ah ]mn-em-n-btm! Atm
\n _pn- b p- ] - t bm- K nv Nnn- p- - h - c m- b n- c p- n- t F ]c- t em- I v
hcm\ncnp cwKw ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-cn-p-p. Cl-tem-I- PohnXn
{]kv X pX DS- Sn Jp- B - \ n- e qsS DWn- b nv ]men- m- s X Pohn- - h - c mWv
{`mam. lnPv: 75 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
39.
Ah sFln-It- em-Iv GsXmns Imcy-n-emtWm `nn-n-cp-Xv

AXv Ahv shfn-hm-p-Xn\pthnbpw, kXy\ntj-[n-Ifmb-h
Adn-bp--Xn\pthnbpw\n-bw Ah \pW-]-d-bphXs
Bbncppshv-.
BZw apX Ay-\mhscbp apgp-h Bfp-I-sfbpw Hcp-an-p-Iqn Ah

GsXmcp Imcyn-emtWm `nn-n-cp-Xv, AXv Ah-cpsS Xs ssIIm-ep-I,
tIhn, ImgvN, sXmen Fn-hsbsmv Ahs-Xnsc kmywhln-nv,
kzns\-Xnsc R kXyw aqSn-sh \ntj-[n-I-fm-bn-cpp Fv ]d-bn-np--Xn\pthn Hcp-Zn\w \n-bnnpv. AXmWv Cu hn[n-Zn-h-kw. ^mnl:
3, AAv-dm^v: 37-38, 50-51 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I. Aqd: 17-epw lZoZv: 25-epw
]d, Jp- B \ns Bibw Xpem- k mbn D]- t bm- K - s - S pn hnizm- k n- I
ChnsSshvXs Ah-c-h-cpsS hnNm-cW \S-p--Xm-Wv. AYhm Jp-B\ns
Bibw ]n]n Pohn-p, Ckvdm-Av: 13 14 kq--fn ]d Ah-cpsS
{]h\{K-n, hmbn-m ]n-bXv am{Xta Dm-hp-I-bpq. Ah AAvdm^v: 203- ]d DIm-gv D]-tbm-K-s-Spn Cl-tem-I-nshv Xs
Ah-cpsS Ccn-nSw kzK-n-em-sWv Ddphcp-p-hcm-Wv. AAvdm^v: 89, 172173,
lnPv: 99 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
samw Jp-B kq--fmWv kznZvJv(kp-a: 33). AXn `nnn-p--h
Xs-bmWv \pW-]-d-bp--hcpw Im^n-dp-I-fpw. kPZ: 20- Amlp ]d-bpp:
Atm I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb sXm-Sn-IAhcpsS A`-b-m\w \c-I-am-bn-cnpwFm Hmtcm {]mh-iyhpw AXn\nv ]pd-p-I-S-m Xp\n-bp-tm
AhcXn-tev Xs aS--s-Sp-I-bpw, Ah-tcmSv ]d-b-s-Sp-Ibpw sNpw: \n
Xn-d
- v If-hm-n-sm-ncp \c-Ii
- n cpNn-p-sIm-p-I. sXm-Sn-I BcmsWv a\-n-em-p--Xn\v AAvdm^v: 40, Xu_: 80, 125, bq\p-kv: 17, 33, lnPv: 12,
40.
\nbw \mw Hcp-Imcyw DmIW-sav Dtinp]w \psS

hmv AXn-t\mSv "DmhpI'Fv ]d-b-em-Wv. Atm AXv Dm-bn-gn-p.
hn[nZnhkw \S-n hcp-p-Xv Fmw AS-n-`-cn-p GIm-[n-]s\ kw_nv hfsc Ffp--amWv FmWv ]d-bp--Xv. hn[nZnh-ks kw_-n-p
\psS I]\ \S-n-em-Ip--Xn\v Iv Ca-sh-p ka-b-a-m-sX th-Xn Fv
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Ja: 50- ]d-npv. \lv: 77 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. ba-\nse io_mcmn-bpsS
knwlm-k\w {K-s-p-dnv Adn-hp Hcp-h Iv Ca-sh-p ka-b-n-\pn ê-kvXo-\n-ep kpsse-am\_n-bpsS Z_m-dn sImp-hv sh-tm
kpsse-am \_n ]dp: "CXv Fs \mYs HuZm-cy-am-Ipp, Rm \n- {]-ISn-n-ph-\mtWm AtXm \n-sI--h\mtWm Fv Fs ]co-npXn\v
thn'. Bsc-nepw \n- {]-I-Sn-n-p-p-sh-n AXv Ahs \v thn-XsbmWv, Bsc-nepw \n-sI--h-\m-Ip-I-bm-sW-n Atm \nbw Fs
\mY sFiz-cy-hm\pw _lp-am-\y\pw Xs-bmWv Fv \wev: 40- ]d-n-p-v.
\nbw B AyaWn-q hcn-I-Xs sNpw, Rm\Xv tKm]y-am-n-sh-n-pXv
Fm Hmtcm Bm-hn\pw AXv eyw shv {]b-Xv\n-n-p--Xn\v {]Xn-êw
sImSp-p--Xn\v thn-bm-Ip-p. AYhm, Jznbm-av Zn\-n {]mb-]qn-bmIp Hcp hynv temI-ns Bbpv C\nbpw Iptdb[n-I-apv Fv tXmnn-p hn[-n-ep kwhn-[m-\-amWv Chn-sS-bp-Xv. Fm aB-cnPv: 67
Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw \n-tj-[n-I AXns\ hnZq-c-ambpw \mw AXns\ hfsc-b-Sp-mbpw ImWpp. Atm Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmb hnizm-kn-I
AXns\ ASp-m-bn-v "Fs \mYm! Fs Cu An-aL
- -
- n-em-Wtm \ntbmKn--Xv, Rm ASn-a-btm! \obtm DSa, AXp-sIm-v Fs \o \jvSs-SpcpsX'v lrZ-b--fpsS Ah Adn-bp Am-lp-hn-t\mSv lrZbw sImv
{]mn-p--Xm-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm: 59, AAv-dm^v: 187, bq\pkv: 53 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
494
41.
A{I-an--s--tijw Am-lp-hn\pthn lnPvd sNbvX-h-cp-tm,

Ahv \mw Cl-tem-Iv Xs \-Xmb kuI-cy- Hcp-n-shp-X
- m-Wv. ]c-tem-I
- v Ahp {]Xn^-etam AXn-tesd hepXmIp-pAh Adn-hp--h-cm-bn-cp-pshn.
42.
Ah am-ep-fpw Fm-Im-cy-fpw AhcpsS \mY-\n `c-ta]nph-cp-am-Ipp.
bq\pkv: 85-86 kq-{]-Imcw R-fpsS \mYm, A{I-an-I-fmb Hcp P\-X-bpsS

]co--W-n\v Rsf \o hnt[-b-am--cptX, \ns al-mb ImcpWyw sImv
Jp-B-\ns Bibw \ntj-[n-I-fmb Hcp P\-X-bn \nv c-s-Sp-t-Wta
Fv {]mnp hnizm-kn-Iv Cv Jp-B-\ns Bibw aqSn-sh-p
A{I-an-Ifpw Im^ndpI-fp-amb P\-X-bn\nv D]-{Z-h-tap-Itbm \mSv hntS-nh-cn-Itbm C, adnv Jp-B\
- ns\ aqSn-sh-p--Ibpw hf-smSnpIbpw sNphtcmSv
Jp-B sImv A[n-I-cn PnlmZv \S-pI-bmWv Ah sNp-I. Ah-cmWv JpB-\ns\ kwc--I-\pw Xv A\p-Iq-e-ambn hmZn-p-Ibpw kmn-\npbpw
sNp-Xm-bnpw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-I. Ah am-ep--fm-Wv Fv ]d-m
a\p-jys \memw L-n-ep Cl-tem-I-Po-hnXw Ggmw L-amb ]c-tem-I
-- ntep Irjn-bn-Sa
- m-sW Dd hnizm-ka
- phcpw; Dd-hpw ab-h
- p-an-msX Fmw
\lv (16)
495
hon-p-sIm-n-cn-p {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb GIm-[n-]s\ am{Xw B{i-bnv,
P\\w, ac-Ww XpSn Fm-Im-cy--fpw Ah-\n `c-tanv, am-tcbpw B{i-bnm-sXbpw `b-s-Sm-sXbpw Pohn-p--h-cm-Wv. Ah {]kvXpX PohnXeyw ]cnN-b-s-Spp--Xn\pthn Jp-B-\ns Bibw temIv Fn-p-sIm-Sp-pI
hgn {kjvSm-hns\ klm-bn-p--h-cp-am-Wv. An-km-Av: 100, A^m: 74, Xu_:
73, 111112, bq\pkv: 17 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
43.
\n\p apv Znhy-k-t-iw \Insmv- ]pcp-jam-sc-b-msX \mw

ZqXamcmbn \ntbm-Kn-n-n-. Atm \n Adn-hn--m-hcmsWn thZ-ns Bmhv Adn-bp--h-tcmSv tNmZnp t\mpI.
An-bm-Av: 7 Cu kqw Bhn-n-pv. Ap-A-dm-Av: 196197-, \nb-w Cu Jp-B ]qnIGSp-I-fn-se-m-ap-v. Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I-fnse ]WvUnXamv Jp-B\ns\ Adn-bp-sa-Xv Chsmcpam \nhm-kn-I-vZrm-a-stbm? apv thZw \I-s thZ]cn-m-\nI-tfmSv tNmZn-m-\mWv Cu
kqw Ah-X-cn-n--Imes I]\sb-n, Cv "ZnIv' Jp-B-\ns Bibw
am{X-am-bXp-sImv AXdn-bp--h-tcm-Sv am{X-amWv kwi-b-ap GXp-Imcyhpw tNmZnt-Xv. Fm Cv apkvenwI Cu kq--sf-sbmw Xn--dv, krjvSnI cNn-n-p {K- ]Tn-n-p hnNm-c-W-bn-msX \c-I-n-tev t]mIp
Xu_: 67- ]d I]-S-hn-izm-kn-IsfbmWv ]n]-p-Xpw Ah-tcm-SmWv kwib- tNmZn-p--Xpw. Ben-Cw-dm: 7, 18, lnPv: 6-9, \lv: 2, 36 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
44. hni-Zo-I-c-Wfpw GSp-IfpwsIm-v. \n\v \mw Cu A\p-kva-cWw
Ah-X-cn-n-np-Xv \mw a\pjyv FmtWm Ah-X-cn-n--snpXv AXhv \o shfn-hm-p-Xn\pthnbpw, A-h BtemNnv ap--h-cn-tev {]Xnênnp-Ibpw sNp-Xn\p-th-n-bpam-Ip-p.
Fm ZqXam-tcbpw Ab-n-p-Xv Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-amb hni-Zo-I-c-Whpw GI-{K--ns imco-cnI-`mKamb GSp-IfpwsImpamWv. bmko: 69 t\mpI. Jp-B-\ns Bibw samw a\p-jyv shfn-s-Sp-p--Xn-\p-th-n-bmWv
Ah-X-cn-n-n-p-sXv {]tXyIw {in-p-I. An-bm-Av: 24- Amlp \_ntbmSv ]d-bm I]n-pp: "CXmWv Ftm-sSm--hpw F\nv app--h-tcm-sSm-hpap "ZnIv' A-\p-kva-c-Ww. Fm Ah-cn A[n-I-t]pw kXy-sa-msWv Adn-bp-I-bn-, Atm Ah-c-Xns\ Ah-K-Wnv t]mIp--h-cp-am-Wv'. ^pkzne-v: 43 Amlp ]d-bpp: \ns app ZqXam-tcmSv ]d-b-s--X-msX
Hpw \mw \ntmSpw ]d-bp-n-. AAv-dm^v: 157-158 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
"Ah {]Xn-^-en-n-p--Xn\v thnbpw' Fp-]-d-m, Jp-B-\ns
Bibw tIh tIh ap-h
- c
- n-tev Fn-p-sIm-Sp-pIbpw, AXp-hgn Ahch-
496
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
sc Xncn--dn-bpI, AhcpsS DS-asb Xncn--dn-bp-I, Pohn-X-eyw Xncn--dn-bp-I, Hmtcmcp-pw \n-bn PohnXImew `qanbn ]c-kv]cw cw-Nn-msXbpw, IelnmsXbpw kam-[m-\-tm-Spw sFIytm-Sp-Iq-Sn Pohn-p-Ibpw sNpI- FmWv.
A-Bw: 90, AAvdm^v: 143, 175176, bq\pkv: 108, C_vdm-low: 1, lnPv: 90-91 hniZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
45.
Xnp-thn KqVX{- {]hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-h kpcnXcmtWm? Amlp Ahsc `qan-sbsmv hngp-nn-p-I-bnsv, Asn Ah A\p-am-\n-p-It]mepw sNm `mK-p\nv in hspIbpansv?
46.
As-n Ahcns\ hnf-bmSn hnl-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-tm

BIkvanIambn Ahsc ]nSn-Iq-Sp-X
- n-s\-p-dn-v. Atm Ahscmcnepw Amlp-hns\ ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-p--h-scm-p-a-?
47.
As-n hs-m-\n-cn-p hn]-pIsf-p-dnv `b-mSn-embncns Ahsc ]nSnIq-Sp--Xn-s\-p-dn-v? Atm \nbw \n-fpsS

\mY Gsd I\n-hp-h\pw Imcp-Wy-hm\pw Xs-bm-Wv.
A{I-an-I-fmb F{X-sb{X \mSp-I-mWv \mw kmh-Imiw sImSp-npXv,

]ns Ah A{I-ans ]mc-ay-n Fnbtm \mw Ahsc ]nSn-Iq-Sn.
Fn-tev Xs-bmWv Ah-cp-sS-sbmw aS-w Fv lv: 45 ]d-n-p-v.
lv: 48 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. k_-Av: 34 Amlp ]d-bpp: \mw Hcp \mn-tev
Hcp ap-dn-bn-p-Im-cs\ Ab-n-n-, B \mnse [qam\n Fp-wsImmtWm Ab--snpXv, AXns\ R \ntj-[n-p-h-c-m-sX-b Fv
B ZqXam-tcmSv ]d-n--msX. CkvdmAv: 68-69 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. AAvdm^v:
9798, 182, bq\p-kv: 11, 19, lqZv: 117, dAvZv: 42 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
48. Amlp krn-n-p Hcp hkvXp-hn-s\bpw Ah ImWp-n-stbm?AhbpsS \ngep-I CSXpw he-Xp-am-bnsmv Am-lp-hns\
IogvhW-nsmn-cn-p-Xv. Ahsbmw ssZ\yX {]I-Sn-n-p-sImn-cn-p--hbp-am-Ip-p.
49.
BIm-i`
- qanIfnse Poh-Pm-e
- f
- n\np Fm Hpw, ae-p-Ifpw
Am-lphn\v kmmwKw {]W-an-p-p. Ah Bcpw Xs Al-cnphcpa-.
50.
Ah X-fpsS aosXbp \mYs\ `b-s-Sp-h

- c
- pw, Ah-tcmSv I]np--sXtm AXv {]hn-p--hcp-am-Ip-p.
Jp-B-\n 15 ev Xnem-h-ns kpPqZv ]d-Xn Hcn-S-am-Wn-Xv.
\lv (16)
497
ChnsS kpPq-Zn Am-lp-th, Rsf \o Al-m-cn-I-fnepw \-s--h-cnepw
Ds-Sp--cp-tX, Rsf \o \ns `b-s-Sp--h-cpw, \ns kvacn-p--h-cpw,
\n\v \n-{]-I-Sn-n-p--hcpamt-Wta, Hm, Ggv BIm-i--fp-sSbpw `qan-bp-sSbpw
al-mb knwl-km-\-n-sbpw D-S-a-bm-bnp-ht\ Fv {]mn-tXmWv.
BIm-i--fnepw `qan-bn-ep-ap Poh-Pm-e-- Fv {]tXyIw -]-d-Xp-sImpw,
ae-p-Isf thsd-s ]cm-ain--Xp-sImpw, `qan-bn- am{X-a-, {]]-nse
ap{Klfnepw Poh-Pm-e--fp-sv a\-n-em-m-hp--XmWv. Aqd: 29-
Amlp ]d-bpp: Ahs Zrm---fns]-XmWv(A-h-\pv F-Xn\v sXfnhm-Wv) BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS krn-pw, Ahcnepambn ]c-n-bn- Poh-Pm-e-fpw.
Ah-\p-t-in-p-tm Ah-sb- apgp-h\pw Hcp-an-p-Iq-m Ign-hp--h-\p-am-Wv Ah.
Atm hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn {]]--n-ep apgp-h krn-I-sfbpw(`q-an-bn-ep-Xv
am{Xa) Amlp Hcp-an-q-Iq-pXpw, Jp-BsImv Ahn-S-bn hn[n-I]np--Xp-am-Wv.
ae-p-I Hcn-epw Al--cn-p-n, Ah Ftmgpw Am-lp-hns\ A\pk-cn-p--h am{X-am-Wv. ae-p-IfpsS kz`mhsn Xlvcow: 6, Amlp
Ah-tcmSv I]n-Xv Ah [ncnp-I-bn-, Ah-tcmSv I]n-Xv FmtWm,
AXv {]hn-p--h-cp-amWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. An-bm-Av: 27-, ae-p-I
Am-lp-hns hmns\ apI-S-p-I-bn-, Ah Amlp-hns I]-\-{]-Imcw
{]hn-p--h-cp-amWv Fp]-d-n-p-v. Atm kzX{ krn-I-fmb a\pjycpw Pnp-Ifpw, ae-p-I-fpsS kz`m-h-t-m IqSp-X Am-lp-hns kz`m-hapsmp-h-cpw, Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn Pohn-m IS-a-s--h-cp-am-Wv.
AYhm sXp-sN-m Ah-k-c-ap-m-bnv Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nv Am-lphns\ IpsImv sXp-sN-m--h-cm-bn-cn-Ww hnizm-knI (am-CZ: 35). Amlp-hns\ IpsImv Ncn-p--hsc aplvkn-\o- Fp-]-d-bp-p. AYhm
Clvkm-\mb Jp-B-\m-bn-cnpw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Pohn-Xw. AXmWv \_n {]mnm ]Tn-n-Xns s]mcp Am-lp-th, \ns ImcpWyw Rm B{K-ln-p-p,
Iv Ca-sh-p ka-bw-t]mepw Fs Imcyw t\mm \o Fs G]n--cp-tX,
Ftmgpw \ns kvacn-p-sImpw B{i-bn-p-sImpw \n\v ASn-a-s-p-sImpw
Pohn-m Fs \o XpW-t-W-ta Fv. Poh-\pXpw Cm--Xp-amb Fm
hkvXppw \ngeps-pw, B \ng-ep-I-sfmw Am-lp-hn\v kmmwKw {]Wan-pp Fv 48- ]dbp-p. cm{Xn-bpsS Ay-bma--fn hkvXp-v aqtm
AXn IqSp-Xtem \ng-ep-m-Ip-p-v. B ka-b--fn-em-bn-cpp apl-Zv \_n
ssZLy-ambn XlpZv As-n hnXzv \a-kvIm-cw \n-lnn-cp--Xv. \ng-epI IqSp-Xep kabw \a-kvIm-c-n-\p-thn sXsc-s-Sp-m \ng-ep-IfpsS
kpPqZns {]Xn^-ehpwIqSn e`n-p--Xm-Wv.
Fm Jp-B kan-p \_nsb Adn-bmsX(_Jd: 146 t\mp-I)
\_n {]Im-i-m krn--s--Xm-sW-pw, \_nv \ng-en Fpw hmZn-p-hcpv. apl-Zv \_nbpsSs P-Zn\w sImm-Sp-tmgpw a-h-k-c--fnepw
498
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
`n-]qw ]mcm-bWw sNsSp "aJqkzv aueqZn's KZy-`m-Kv, apl-Zv

\_n {]Im-i-m krn--s--Xm-Wv, \ng-en, C_vdmlow \_nv Xo s]mmXn-cp-Xv apl-Zv \_n-bpsS dqlv Dmbn-cp-XpsImmWv Fs-m-amWv FgpXn-shnp--Xv. Ccw PqX- innSnIs-Xn-cmbn apl-Zv\_n \msf JpBsImphv A\ymbw t_m[n-n-p cwKw ^pJm: 30- ap-dn-bnv
\In-bn-p-v. Ben-Cw-dm: 83, AAvdm^v: 175-176, 206, dAvZv: 1415, lnPv: 85 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
51.
Amlp ]d-bpp: \n cv Cem-lp-Isf sXsc-s-Sp--cp-Xv.

\n-b-ambpw Ah GI Cemlv am{X-am-Ip-p, Atm \n
Fs am{Xw Dn-s-bp-n `b-s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-I.
^mnl: 4, _Jd: 40, \lv: 2, 22, 36 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
52.
BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep Fm Hpw Ah-mIpp. {]]--n-sehnsSbpw Ftmgpw Ahs \nb-a-kw-lnX am{X-am-Wp--Xv. Atm

\n Am-lp-hn-s\q-Sm-sX-bp-hs
- cbmtWm lrZ-b
- n kqnp-Xv?
BIm-i-`q-an-Isf Cm-bva-bn \np-mn, Ah-bn-ep khkvXp-sfbpw krn-Xv Am-lp-hm-Wv. Amlp-hns\ Is-pXn\pw, Ahs\ lrZb-n kqn-p-sImv Fm-bvtmgpw \ne-sImpXn\pw, Ahs {]mXn-\n[yw
hln-pXn\pw thn-bmWv a\pjys\ `qanbn \ntbmKn-np-Xv. ]t hnizmkn-I am{Xta B {]m-Xn-\n[yw hln-p-I-bp-q. hnizm-kn-I kz-n\v thnb-, DS-abmb Am-lp-hn\pthn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-cm-Wv. Adn-n-cn-p-I, PohnXw-ap-gp-h Am-lp-hn-\v am{X-apXm-pI Fv kpa: 3-epw, Atm \n
PohnXw apgph Am-lphn\v am{X-amn-sImv Ahs\ hnfnv {]mn-p-I,
AXv Im^n-dp-Iv F{X AtcmNI-am-bn-cp-m-epw- icn Fv apAvan: 14-epw ]dn-p-v. _Jd: 117, Ben-Cw-dm: 19, A-Bw: 101, bqkp-^v: 24, lnPv: 86 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
53.
\nv e`n Fm A\p- { Klfpw Amlphn\nv

am{XapXmIpp ]ns \nsf Hcp ZpcnXw _m[n-m, Atm
\n BhemXn-bp-ambn A`bw tXSn-s-p-Xpw Ah-\n-tev
XsbmIp-p.
An-km-Av: 78-79, A-Bw: 63-64, AAvdm^v: 187-188, bq\p-kv: 107, bqkp^v:

54. ]ns B ZpcnXw \n-fn\nv \on--gn-m \n-fn- Hcp
hn`mKw XfpsS \mYs A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNph-
\lv (16)
cm-Ip-p.
499
kpa: 8 Amlp ]d-bpp: a\p-jy-s\mcp ZpcnXw _m[n-m Ah

Am-lp-hn-tev ]q-ambn Xncn-p-sImv Ah-t\mSv {]mn-p-I-bmbn.
]ns Ah-\n \np Hcp A\p{Klw Ah\v Inn-bm apv Ahs\ hnfnv
{]mn-n-cp Imcyw Xs Ah adp-I-bm-bn. Ahs amK-n \nv P\sf hgn-]n-g-n-p--Xn-\p-thn Am-lp-hn\v Ah kaam-sc-bp-m-p-Ibpw
sNp-p. C-c-m-tcmSv ]d-bm hnizm-kn-ItfmSv I]n-pp: \o A]-Imew
kpJn-p-sIm-p-I, \nbw \o \c-I-ns kl-hm-kn-I-fn s]-h Xs-bmIp-p. 49-, a\p-jys\ Hcp ZpcnXw _m[n-m Ah \tmSv {]mnp-Ibmbn. ]ns \n \np Hcp A\p-{Klw Ah\v Inn-bm Ah ]dbpw:
\nbw F\n-Xv e`n-Xv Fs AdnhpsImv XsbmWv. A, AX-h\v ]co-W-amIpp. Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw Adn-hnmh-cm-Ip-p. Adqw: 33 IqnhmbnpI. AAvdm^v: 189-192, bq\pkv: 22-23, C_vdm-low: 30 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
55.
\mw Ahv \In-b-Xn Ah \n-tISv ImWnv \ntj-[n-IfmIp-Xn-\p-thn, Atm \n kpJn-psImpI, \n ASp-pXs Adn-bpIbpw sNpw.
Adqw: 34- Cu kqw Bhn-npv. Ckm: 3 Amlp ]dbpp: a\p-jyv \n-{]-I-Sn-n-p--h As-n \n-sI--h Fo cm-semcp
amKw sXsc-s-Sp-m-\p kzmX-{yw \In. kPZ: 9 Amlp ]d-bpp:
a\p-jys\ Ah krn-Xv C{n-b-ns kn\nv hnhn-[-L---fnembn
cq]-s-Sp-n, ]ns AXn Ahs dqlv Bhmln-np-sIm-m-Wv. ]ns
\nv Ah tIhnbpw ImgvNbpw _pn-i-nbpw \In. Fm A]wt] am{Xta \n-{]-I-Sn-n-p-pq. apIv: 23- Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm
I]n-pp: Ah-\mWv \nsf Cm-bvab
- n \nv \p-hf
- n-bX
- v, ]ns Ah
\nv tIhn-bpw, ImgvN-bpw, _pn-i-nbpw \In, \n-fn A]w-t]
am{Xta \n {]I-Sn-n-p-p-q. An-bm-Av: 80, apAvan\q: 78 Iqn-hm-bn-pI.
Ben-Cw-dm: 196-197, Xu_: 67-68, dAvZv: 17-18 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
56. \mw Ahv \In-b- `-Wh
- n-`h
-
- f
- n \nv Ahv Adn-pIqSm Nnev `mKw-sh-p-sIm-Sp-p-p. AmlphmWv kXyw! \n
sIn-apm-pXns\-p-dnv tNmZyw sN-s-SpI Xs sNpw.
A-Bw: 136, 145, 148, bq\pkv: 17 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
57.
Am-lp-hn\v Ah s]a-sf Na-p-Ibpw sNp-p Ah F{X

]cn-ip- Ahtm Ah C-s-Sp--Xpw.
Ckvdm-Av: 40- Amlp tNmZnpp: Atm \n-fpsS \mY \nv

Ba--sfbpw, Ahv s]a--sfbpw sXsc-s-Sp-n-cn-pp FmtWm
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
\n P]np-Xv? \nbw \n hn A]-cm[hmp-I Xs-bmWv
]d-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv. A-Bw: 100 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
500
58. Ah-cn Hcmv Hcp s]k-m-\-s-smv ktm-j-hm

Adn-bn-sm Ahs apJw Idpv Icn-hm-fn-p--Xpw, Ah
tIm]mIpe-\mbn amdp-Ibpw sNp-p.
59.
Ahs\ Adn-bn--s ktm-j-hm-bpsS Xnbm Ah P\-fn \nv Hfn-p-\np--Xp-am-Wv\nyX kln-p-sImv

AXns\ hf-Wtam AtXm Poh-t\m-Sp-IqSn AXns\ an Ipgnp-aq-S-Wtam F kt-l-n. Adn-n-cn-p-I, Ah F{X Zpjn
Xocp-am-\-amWv ssIsIm-p--Xv.
kpKvdp^v: 17- Amlp tNmZn-pp: Ah-cn Hcmv ]c-a-Im-cp-WnIs\pdnv Ah D]-a-N-a-pXpsImv ktm-j-hm Adn-bn--s-m
Ahs apJw Idpv Icn-hm-fn-p--Xpw, Ah tIm]mIpe-\mbn amdp-Ibpw sNpp. 18- B`-c-W--fn hf-s-Sp--hcpw kzw hmZw hy-ambn m]nm Ign-bm--h-sc-bp-amtWm Ah ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\v P]n-p--Xv. 19- Ah
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is ASn-a-IfmIp ae-p-Isf tZhn-I-fmbpw ]cn-K-Wn-p-p. AhcpsS krjvSn-n Ch kmn-I-fmtWm? Ah-cpsS kmy- tcJ-s-Sp-pXpw tNmZyw sN-s-Sp-Xpw Xs-bm-Wv. A-Bw: 137, 140, 151-152, AAv-dm^v:
60. ]c-tem-I-s-smv hniz-kn-m IqmWv Ghpw Zpjn D]a-bp--Xv. Am-lphn\v Ghpw AXyp--X-amb D]-abmWp-Xv.
Ah AP-\
-- pw bpn--\p-w XsbmWv.
Am-lp-hns\ ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p--Xn\v thn-bmWv Jp-B Ah-X-cn-n-np--Xv. AXnse aqn-semv kq- ]c-temIv hcmt]m-Ip hnNm-cWcwK, inm-I-tTm-c-, hnizm-kn-Iv e`n-p {]Xn-^-ew, kzK-nse
A\p-`q-Xn-I XpS-nbh Fmw hnh-cn-phbm-Wv Fn-cns Jp-Bkq--sf shSn-p-sImv CltemI-Po-hn-X-n Bk--cm-b-hmWv Ghpw
Zpjn D]abpXv. AAv-dm^v: 176 {]Imcw \cI-n ]-n-I-fpsS cq]-nepw
amCZ: 60 {]Imcw ]n-I-fpsS cq]-nepw PpapA: 5 {]Imcw Igp-X-bpsS cq]-n-epamWv C-c-msc Hcp-an-p-Iq--s-Sp-I. Ch Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cmh-Im-i-fn ]v tNp alm-m- Jp-B\ns Bi-bs [n-cn Hcp-sI P\X-bm-bn-cpp Chscv \msfA\ymbw t_m[n-n-p- -c-wKw ^pJm 1718
]d-n-p-v.
CJvem-kv: 5, Am-lp-hn-s\-tmse Hcm-fp-an-s-pw, Apd: 11-, Ahs\-tmse Hcp hkvXp-hp-an-spw ]d-n-p-v. Am-lphn\v kaam-scbpw CS-
\lv (16)
501
bm-fam-scbpw km-\--sfbpw P]n-p--h apivcnp-Ifpw ]c-tem-I-n
hniz-kn-m Im^n-dp-I-fp-am-Wv. _Jd: 255, A^m: 22, bqkp^v: 37, lqZv: 19,
\lv: 20-21 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
61.
Amlp a\p-jys\ Ah-cpsS A{Iaw ImcWw ]nSn-Iq-Sp-I-bmbncpsn `qan-bpsS apI-fn Hcp Poh-Pm-esbpw _mn-bm-pambncpn. Fm \n-bn--s Hc-h-[n-hsc Ahsc ]nn-n-p-Ibm-Ip-p. Atm Ah-cpsS Ah[n Fn--gn-m Hcp\nanjw
]nn-n-p-Itbm apn-np-Itbm C.
^mXzn: 45 kam-\m-i-b-ap kq-am-Wv. Cu kq-fn \nv a\p-jycpsS Ic- fmemWv `qan \in- n- s - S pI Fv Amlp ]Tn- n- p- p.
BmhpsImv Am-lp-hns\ hmgvp Poh-Pm-e-sf \in-n--Xn-\p in,
`qansb AXns kp-e-\-n \ne\nm\p D]-I-c-Wamb Jp-B-\ns
Bibw Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p \mi-Im-cn-I-fmb ap\m-^n-Jp-ImWv e`n-pI.
AXmWv Ahsc Amlp h[n-n-p-s-pw, Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmb hnizmknI Ahsc i{Xp--fmbn ImW-W-sapw ap\m-^n-Jq: 4 ]d-Xv. ap PohPm-e--tfm-sSmpw hnizm-knIv i{Xp-X-bp-m-bncn-m ]mSn-. Am-lphnsbpw hnizm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw i{Xp-fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I hnNm-c-W-bn-msX
\c-I
- ns ASn-- n-tev t]mIp-h
- c
- p-am-sWv An-kmAv: 145 ]d-npv.
Atm `qan-bn cw Nnp-Xpw \miw hnX-p-Xpw Cm-Xm-p--Xn\p-thn Jp-B\
- ns Bibw ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]n]-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp
hnizmkn-Iv Cu `qan-bnep Poh-Pm-e--sfmw Am-lphns\ hmgvp-Xnsbpw, \a-kvI-cnp-Xn-s-bpw Hcp]v e`n-p-Xpw, Ahv hnNm-cW IqSmsX
kzK-n-tev t]mIm-hp--Xp-am-Wv. _Jd: 261, AAvdm^v: 34, Xu_: 100, bq\pkv: 11, 49, lnPv: 5 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
62.
Ah shdp-p-h
- sb Am-lp-hn\mpI-bpw, Ah-cpsS \mhp-sImv
Iw P]npsImv \n-bw Ahv \-bm-Wp--sXv ]d-bpIbpw sNp-p. kwiban-, \nbw Ahv \c-I-am-Wp--Xv.
\nbw Ah Xs-bmWv am-sc-mfpw apmbn \c-I-n {]thinnsSp-I.
amapivcnp-I aepIsf Am-lp-hns s]a--fmbn P]n-p-I-bpw,

Fm s]a-sf kzbw shdp-p-I-bpw, Poh-t\msS Ipgn-p-aq-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXncp-p. Cv Fm Hmtcm Bbn-c-nepw sXmm-bn-cnsXmq-sm-Xv apkv
enwIfpw Ah-cmWv \-bn-sev Duw sImp--hcpw ap P\--sfmamWv
\c-I--te-p--h-scv hmZn--p--h-cp-amsWv Jp-B-\ns Bibw kam-\-amb
D]-tam-Zm-l-c-Wh0pw DIm-gv-Zm-b-Ihp-ambn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--hv a\-n-emIp--Xm-Wv. ^mnl: 7mw kqw ]mcm-bWw sNp-tm hnizm-kn-I a\-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
n Icp-tX-Xv Ccw sI-P\
- X
- b
- psS Pohn-XN
- cy ]n]-p-h
- c
- m-c
- ptX Fmbn-cn-Ww. Ch Jp-B-\ns Bi-bs `qansb A-Xn-s kp-e-\-n \ne\nm-\p {Xmkmbn D]-tbm-Kn-p-n Fv am{X-a, ap-P-\-Xv D]-tbm-Ks-Sp-m \Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw hgn temIs \in-n-m [rXn-Iq-p--h-cmWv.
ChX-s-bmWv sIP\X. hnNm-c-W-bn-msX \c-I-n t]mIp I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-fmWv Ah-cpsS t\Xm--sf-n A\p-bm-bn-I hnNm-cWv tijw \c-In--tev sXfn-s-Sp Im^n-dp-I-fp-am-sWv bYm-{Iaw An-km-Av: 145 epw,
kpa: 71- epw ]d-n-p-v. AAv-dm^v: 179, Xu_: 84-85, 125, \lv: 24-25 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mpI.
502
63.
Am-lp-hmWv kXyw! \n\papp kap-Zm-b--fn-tepw \mw

ZqXamsc \ntbm-Kn-n-p-v. As\ ssizm Ah-cpsS {]h\-sf Ahv Ae-m-c-am-n-sIm-Sp-p. Atm Ct-Zn\w Ah\mWv Ch-cp-sSbpw kwc--I. Ahv thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-bpam-Wp--Xv.
Fm-Im-e-p-ap {]hm-N-Iam-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-Isfs-bmWv ]nimNv

]mn-em-n-bn-p-Xv. Cv Ay-{]-hm-N-I-\mb apl-Zv \_nbpsS A\p-bm-bn-Isfv Al-X-bn-msX Zpc-`n-am-\n-p apkvenwI Xs-bmWv ss]im-NnIhrnI-fn Ghpw ap]-n-bn-sev Jp-B-\ns\ _kzm-C-dmbn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-hv a\-n-em-m-hp--Xm-Wv. Ahv Cl-n \ny-Xbpw ]c-n AXn-ITn-\-amb in-bp-amWv Amlp hmKvZw sNbvXn-p--Xv. A-h Am-lp-hn-s\bpw
dkq-en-s\bpw Jp-B\
- ns Bi-b
- n aqSn-shv ]nim-Nns klm-bn-If
- m-bX
- vsImm-Wv. A_k: 17- Jp-B-\ns Bi-bs aqSn-sh--h h[n--s-n-cn-pp
Fv ]d-Xpw kXy-s-S-W-a-tm. AAv-dm^v: 16, A^m: 36-38, 48, Xu_:
5355, bq\p-kv: 47, lqZv: 118-119, dAvZv: 7, lnPv: 12, 95 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI.
64.
Ah GsXmcp hnj-b-n-emtWm `nn-n-p--Xv, AXv Ahv hniZo-I-cnv sImSp-m-\-msX \mw \nsta Cu {Kw Ah-X-cn-nnn-. AXv hnizm-kn-Ifmb Hcp P\-Xv kamKhpw Imcp-Wy-hpw
Xsbm-Ip-p.
kpa: 41- Amlp ]d-bpp: \mw \ns-ta Cu {K-an-d-n-bXv P\p-thn ey-tm-Sp-IqSn Xs-bm-Wv. Atm BcmtWm AXv D]-tbmKnv kamK-n-em-b-Xv, Ah-\p-thns-bm-Wv Ah kamK-n-em-b-Xv.
BcmtWm hgn-tI-Sn-em-b-Xv, AXns tZmihpw B Bm-hn\v Xs-bm-Wv, \o
Ah-cpsS ssIIm-cy-Imshmp-a-.
lJmb Jp-B sImmWv hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn hnNm-cW \S-p-I-sbv
kpa: 69,75 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. Fm AXv Cd-n-b-Xv, ChnsS {Xmkmbn D]-tbm-Knv(A-qd: 17, lZo-Zv: 25) Chn-sS-\np Xs X-fpsS `mK-t[bw
\lv (16)
503
Xocp-am-\n-m-\m-Wv. As\ D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-ph am{X-ta hnizm-kn-Ifmhp-Ibp-q. ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is \njv]--X-bn hniz-kn-m I]-S-hn-izm-knI,
AhcpsS hnNmcW AmlphmWv \S-p--sXpIcpXn AXv ]c-tem-I-tv
\on-sh-p--XmWv, F-msX Jp-B-\m-Ip {Xm-kp-]-tbm-K-s-Spn Ah
XfpsS hnNm-cW ChnsSshv \nlnp-I-bn-. A-c-mv Jp-B amen\y-n-\p-ta amen\yamsX h-nnp-Ibn Fv Xu_: 125- ]d-n-p-v.
AAvdm^v: 89, 52, 203, Xu_: 95, bq\pkv: 108, bqkp-^v: 111, Alv: 44 t\mpI.
65.
AmlphmIpp BIm-i-p-\nv sh-an-dpXv, As\ AXpsImv `qansb acn--Xn\p-tijw Pohn-n-p-Ibpw sNpp. \nb-ambpw AXn tIp P\-Xv [mcmfw ]mT--fpv.
\nbw \o `qansb hc-v hnpIo-dn-b-Xmbn ImWp-p, Atm \mw AXn

sh-an-d
- n-bm AXv XpSnpI-bpw, kv^pSnp-Ibpw sNp-p. \nbw BcmtWm
Cu `qansb Pohn-n--Xv, Ah acn--hsc Pohn-n-ph Xs-bmWv, \nbw
Ah Fm-Imcy-n\pw Ign-hp ki-\p-a-mWv Fv ^pkzn-e-v: 39-
Amlp- Dv FXn\v sXfn-hmbn ]d-n-p-v. Ilv^v: 45 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
Atm acn-p-In-S-p `qansb Pohn-n-p Amlp, Hcp-\mfn BZywap-X
Ayw-h-sc-bp Fm krn-I-sfbpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p--XmWv. AtZn\w ]Xn-\v
hb-n-\ptij-ap Pohn-X-ns Hmtcm \nan-j-s-p-dnpw Ahs apn
Dcw ]d-tb-n-h-cp-sa t_m[-n ChnsS \ne-sIm-ph am{XamWv hnizmknI. tIp P\X Fp-]-d-m, lrZbw _-sSpn Jp-B-\ns
Bibw tIp-I-bpw, AXn\nv ]mT-apsm-p-Ibpw sNp--hcm-Wv. Am-hsc Ip-Im-en-I-tfm-SmWv D]-an-n-p-Xv. A-Avdm^v: 179 t\mp-I.
Adqw: 19-, Ah-\mWv Poh-\p--h-bn\nv Poh-\n-m--hsbbpw Poh\nm-h
- bn\nv Poh-\p-h
- s
- bbpw ]pd-s-Sp-hn-p-X
- v. Ah `qansb AXns
ac-W-ti-jw Pohnnp-Ibpw sNpp. A{]-Imcw \nfpw `qan-bn\nv ]pd-sSp-hn-n-s
- -Spw. 50-, Atm Am-lp-hns A\p-{K-l
- f
- psS ASbmffntev
\o t\mp-I, F-s\-bmWv `qansb AXns ac-W-tijw Pohn-n-p--sXv.
\nbw AXp-t]m-se, Ah acn--hsc Pohn-n-pI Xs sNp--Xm-Wv. Ah
Fm-Im-cy-n\pw Ign-hp k-i- Xs-b-tm Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Adqw:
24- Amlp ]d-bpp: \nsf, `b-hpw {]Xo--bpap-f-hm-p an]n-W
ImWn-p-Xv Ah-\pv F-Xns sXfn-hn s]-Xm-Wv. BIm-i-p-\nv shan-d-p-Ibpw, AXpsImv `qansb acn--Xn-\p-tijw Pohn-n-p-Ibpw sNpp.
\nbw AXn _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knv Nnn-p P\-Xv [mcmfw ]mT--fp-v.
k-PZ: 26-27 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. A^m: 22, 55, bq\pkv: 78, 42, dAvZv: 17 hni-ZoIcWw t\mp-I.
66. \nbw Ip-Im-en-I-fnepw \nsmcp KpW-]m-T-ap-v. Ah-bpsS
hb- d p- I - f n\nv NmW- I - n- \ pw c- n\panSbn\np-
504
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Hcp]m\obw \mw \nsf IpSnnpp, IpSnp-hv B\-apm-p ipamb -]m.
Npa \nd-ap c-n-sbpw ] \nd-ap NmW-I

- nsbpw CS-bn\nv
sh \nd-n-ep ip-amb ]m D]m-Zn-nv \nsf IpSn-n-pp FmWv
]d-bp-Xv. arK- Xnp `W-n\nv t]mj-Im-wi- c-n IecpI-bpw, hnky- NmW-I-am-bn ]pd---s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-p. Fm
s]hK-n AtX `-W-n\npXs aqm-a-sXmcp hkvXp-IqSn DXv]mZnn-s-Sp-p-v. KpW-nepw \nd-nepw {]tbm-P-\-nepw Dt-iy-n-ep-samw
apcn \npw XnIpw hyXykvXamb ]m. Imen-I-fpsS Ipn-I-fpsS D]-tbmK-n-\p-]pdsa D-a-am-sbmcp kao-Ir-Xm-lmcw F \ne-bn a\p-jypw AXv
hfsctbsd D]-Im-c-s-Sp-p-v. Alv: 56 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
67.
Cu-\I-fp-sSbpw apn-cnhn-Ifp-sSbpw êfn \nv

KpW-]m-T-ap-v. AXn\nv \n elcn ]Zm-fpw \ `W-hn-`-h-fpw sXscsSp-pp. \nbw AXn Nnnp P\Xv [mcmfw Zrm--fpv.
Htc hkvXp-hn Xs \bpw Xn--bp-apv. GXmWv AXn\nv sXscs-Sp-t-sXv Xocp-am-\n-m-\p kzmX{yw a\pjy\v \In-bn-pv. elcn
hkvXp-fpw aZyhpw ip-amb `W-a-m--Xn-\m Ip-Im-en-I-fpsS chpw
NmW- I hpwt]mse AXv \njn- - a m- s W- pw, Fm ]men- s \- t mse
iphkvXphmbn Cu--g-hpw apncn-bpw D]-tbm-KsSp-m-hp--Xp-amWv. CXpt]mse a\p-jyv {km-hns A\p-{K-l
- v \n {- ]-IS- n-n-p-sIm-v ip{]IrX-amb Ckveman \ne-sIm-m-hp--Xpw, As-n \n-sI \ntj-[n-bmbn ]nimNns kwL-n s]Smhp--Xp-amWv. bmko: 33-35 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. _Jd: 219,
amCZ: 90-91, bq\pkv: 100, lqZv: 88, dAvZv: 4 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
68.
\ns \mY tX\o-v Znhy-k-tiw \IpIbpw sNbvXp, Fsm ]-X

- fnepw hr-f
- n-epw, Ahcpm-p ]-ep-If
- nepw
\o IqSp-I- sXsc-s-Sp-pI.
69.
]ns Fm ê--fn \npw \o `np-Ibpw, \ns \mY Hcpn- hgn-Ifn hW--tmsS Ncnp-Ibpw sNp-I. Ah-bpsS
D-d-I-fn\nv hnhn[ \nd-fnep Hcp ]m\obw ]pd-s-Sp-p,
AXn a\p-jyv tcmKia\ap-v. \nbw AXn {]Xn-ênnp P\-n\v [mcmfw Zrm---fp-v.
Adn-bn-p-h\pw Adn-bn--s-Sp--h\pa-msX amcpw Adn-bm coXn-bn

cl-ky-ambn Fn-p-sImSppI FmWv "hlvbv' FXn\w. Ccw Znhyk-tiw tX\n-v am{X-, BIm-i-n\pw e`n-p-psv Jp-B -]-d-n-
\lv (16)
505
pv. Fm Hmtcm BIm-i-n\pw AXns hyhI t_m[\w \In(^pkzne-v: 12). knkne: 45, hn[n-Zn-hkw `qan AXns dnmUv kan-p--XmWv, \nbw \ns \mY As\ sNm AXn\v Znhy-k-tiw \Ip--XmWv
Fv ]d-n-pv. ae-p-Iv hlvbv e`n-p-pv Fv A^m: 12 ]dn-p-v. Xzmlm: 38-, aqkm-v \Inb A\p{Klw FSp-p-]-d ka-bv
\mw \ns amXm-hn\v hlvbv \Inb k`w kvac-Wo-b-amWv Fp-w]-d-npv. Fm {]hm-N-Iamv \Ip Znhy-k-tiwsImp-t-in-p-Xv JpB-\m-Wv. AXv {]hm-N-Iamv am{X-ap--X-, adnv Fm temIpw Ncm-Nc-pap-- ImWv(am-CZ: 67). B Znhy-k-ti-n hnizm-k-Im-cy--fpw hn[nhn-e-p-I-fpw \nb-a\ntZ-i-fpsamw Dsm-p-p. AXv {]Ir-Xnsb AXns
kp-e\-n \ne\nm\pw, c-sm-cn-n Cm-Xm-m-\pw, kzK-n
krnv `qan-bn-tev \ntbm-Kn--b a\p-jyv kzK-n-tev Xs Xncn-pt]m-Im-\p kamKhpw(_-Jd: 38) Sn-pw(Ckm: 29) Ah-cpsS I-
Chn-sS-shv Xs Xqn-t\mm\p {Xmkpw(A-Av-dm^v: 89) kXyhpw AkXyhpw Xncn--dn-bm-\p Dc--pw(_-Jd: 185), Ah-c-h-cpsS kov Chn-sS-shv Xs
ImWm-\p Dm-gvN-Zm-b-Ihpw(A-Bw: 104) a\pjy `nn-n-p hnj-b-n
Chn-sS-shv Xs Xocp-am\w I]n-m-\p-XpamWv(\lv: 64). ]c-tem-Iv
hn[n-In-p-Xpw CtX Jp-BsImv Xs-bmWv(bq\pkv: 108, k_-Av: 26).
amCZ: 111, AAvdm^v: 203 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
]ghK-fp]m-Zn-n-p ]q-fn\nv am{Xa, i-c, ]-kmc XpSn-b-h-bn\npw tX\o XnpIbpw tX DXv]m-Zn-n-p-Ibpw sNppv.
AXp-sIm-mWv ]g--fn\nv Fp]-d-bmsX ê--fn\nv XnpI Fp]-d-Xv. \ns dv Hcp-n- hgn-bn Ncn-pI Fp-]-d-m, Ah-bpsS
IqSns \nm-Ww, Iqm-bva, hyXykvX tPmen-m-cm-bn-sm-p hn`-P-\w, `W-n-\p-th-n-bp hfsc ZoL-amb {]bm-Ww, F{X Zqsc-\npw hgn-sXmsXbp Xncns-, hyh-m-]n-X-amb tX tiJ-cWw CsXmw Ah-bpsS DSa
kwhn-[m-\n-p-sIm-Sp amK--fm-Wv FmWv. Ccw Imcy--sf-p-dn-smpw
Ahbv v kzbw Nnn- p- I tbm Btem- N n- p- I tbm sNt Bh- i y- a n- .
Ahsbmw Znhy-k-t-iw-hgn Ah-cpsS \mY Ahsb ]Tn-n-n-cn-p-I-bmWv.
ChnsS tX\o- sb kv { Xoenw- K - n- e mWv A`n- k w- t _m- [ \w sNbv X Xv FXn\npw dmWnsb Npn--n-bmWv tX\o--bpsS Pohn-X-sav Jp-B kqNn-np-p. AXp-sImv Xs AXv {XnIm-e
m-\n-bmb Am-lp-hn\np {XnIme-m-\-am-sW-pw, AXv apl--Zns hmp-I-f FXn\pw sXfn-hmWv.
hnhn[ \nd-n-ep ]m\obw Fp-]-d-Xv tX\n-s\-p-dn-m-Wv. AXns
LS-\bpw hmk-\-bpw, \nd-hpw tX\o--I Ign-p ]qhp-Isf B{i-bn-n-cn-pw.
tX a\p-jyv tcmK-ia
- \
- a
- mWv FmWv kq-n ]-d
Xv, AXn Duw
\Ip qtmkpw eh-temkpw AS-n-bn-pv. IqSmsX AXv hj--tfmfw
tISp-Iq-SmsX kqn-m-hp-X
- p-am-Wv. Huj-[s
- -Sn-If
- psS ]pjv]
- f
- n\npw tX\o-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
-I `Ww \pI-cp--Xn-\m ]eXcw tcmK-p Huj-[-hpw AXn
ASnbnpv. tX\o-sb-p-dnpw tX\n-s\-p-dnpw Cu kqd-n ]cm-ain-np-s-nepw tX"Ak'F ]Zw Jp-B-\n apl--Zv: 15- am{X-amWv ]dnpXv.
506
Ah Jp-B\ns Bi-bwsImv Poh-Pm-e--sfbpw Ah-bn\n-p D]tbm- K - { ]- Z - a mb ]e D]sfbpw hne- b n- c p- pXpw, Ah- s bpdnv
NnnpXpw, a\p-jyv {]tbm-P\
- s
- -Sp-p-am Ccw Poh-Pm-esfbpw D]--sfbpw krnv kwhn-[m-\n-n-p Ah-cpsS DS-a-bmb GI {km-hns\
Isp--Xpam-Wv FmWv "{]Xn-ênn-p P\-Xv AXn ]mT-apv' Fp]-d-Xns hnh. As\ {km-hns hN-\--fmb Cu Jp-B tI-h
tI-h ap--h-cn-tev Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ihgn P\-sf Pohn-X-eyw kmmXvI-cn--hw t_m[-hmam-cm-p-Xn\p-thn, samw Jp-B\ns Bib-n-tev BIr--cm-p-Xp-am-Wv. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-s-p-dnv Nnn-m, {]-b-, ey-t_m[w \-s a\p-jy "DS-asb Is-p-I' F PohnX-e-yw ]qo-I-cn-msX \c-I-n-tev t]mIp--Xp-am-Wv.
Cu-I tcmKw ]cp--h-bpw, hnky `n-p--h-bp-am-sW-n
tX\o hnky--tfmSv ASp-m--h-bpw, tcmKia\-amb tX DXv]mZn-n-p-h-bp-amWv. tX\o--bpsS Bbpv hj-tfmfw \op\npXmbn Isn-bn-p-v. tX a\-jyv tcmK-i-a-\-amWv Fp-]-d-n-p-s-nepw, Jp-B
hnizm-knIv am{X-amWv tcmK-ia
- \
- a
- m-hp-I. AXv tcmK-ia
- \amWv Fp-]d
- b
- pXn\p]-Icw AXn tcmK-i-a-\-apv Fp-]-d--Xp-sImv tX Fmhpw Fm
tcmK-n\pw acp- Fv a\-n-emt-Xp-v. Fm Jp-Bs\pdnv tcmKi-a\w Fp-]-d--Xn-\m AXv D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--hv am\-kn-Ihpw imco-cnI-hp-amb Fm tcmK-pw AXv ia-\-amWv FmWv a\-n-em-hpXv. Fm
[nm-cn-Ipw \ntj-[n-Ip-aXv amen-\yhpw AX-hv \-hpa-msX hnn-p-I-bn-s-pamWv Ckvdm-Av: 82 ]d-n-pXv. An-km-Av: 1, AAvdm^v:
176, 185, Xu_: 125, bq\p-kv: 57-58, dAvZv: 3 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
70.
Amlp XsbmWv \nsf krn-Xv, ]ns Ah \nsf acnn-p-Ibpw sNpp. \n-fn Nne, Fmw Adn--Xn-\p-tijw
Hpw Adn-bm--bh {]m]n-p--Xn-\p-th-n ]Sp-hm-Iy-ntev X-s-Sp--h-cp-apv. \nbw Amlp Fm-a-dn-bp ki--Xs-bm-Wv.
bmko: 68-, Ahcn\nv Bbpv IqSp-X \IsSp-hs krnns\Xs \mw amna-dn-p--Xm-Wv. Atm Ah Nnn-p-n-stbm? Fv
tNmZn-p-pv. AYhm hbv IqSp-Xe
- m-bn-g
- n-m Ah-cpsS `-Wnsbpw
acp-nsbpw Afhv, cq]w Fnh Iqn-I-fp-tS-Xp-t]m-se-bmn amp-Xv \n
Inpw Jp-B ]d-bp-Xv icn-bm-sWv \nv tXmp-nt FmWv
\lv (16)
507
Amlp tNmZn-p--Xv. a\p-jysc hnfnv Amlp ]d-bpp: \nfn Nne ]Sphm-Iy-n-tev X-s-Sp-h
- c
- pv. As\ Fmw Adn-X
- n-\p-tijw Hpw
Adn-bm--bh {]m]n-p--Xn-\p-th-n Fv lv: 5epw ]d-n-pv.
hmIyw Atb--s-ptm a\p-jy apv ]Tn--sXmw adv "Apw
]np-'ambn, hnth-I-an-m IpnI-sf-tmse aehpw aq{Xhpw ssIsImv k]inp-nStmfw _e-lo-\-\m-bn-o-cp-p. Ahs Bibw ap--hv a\-n-emI---hw {]I-Sn-n-mt]mepw Ign-bmsX Ah \n-lm-b-\m-bn-o-cpp
FmWv "Fmadn--Xn-\p-tijw Hpw Adn-bm--bh {]m]np--Xn-\pthn' Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-. Adqw: 54- Amlp ]d-bpp: Am-lphmWv \nsf _e-lo-\-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn krn--Xv. ]ns \nfpsS _e-lo-\-Xptijw \nh in \In, ]ns \n-v in \In-b-Xn-\p-tijw
_e-lo-\Xbpw hm-Iyhpw \In, Amlp Ah-\p-t-in-pXv krn-p-p,
Ah Fm-a-dn-bp k-i-\p-a-tm. atsXmcp krntbmfpw _e-lo-\\m-bn-mWv a\p-jypv ]nd-p-ho-gp--Xv. arK--fpsS Ipp- ape-Ip-Snm
kzbw Xp\nbpsa-n a\p-jy-p-n\v AXn\pt]mepw km[y-a-.
\_n {]mn-n-cpp: Am-lp-th, Rm \ntmSv ]nip-n-s\-sm-pw,
Ae-k-X-sb-sm-pw, ]Sphm-Iy-ssXm-pw, J_ in-sb-sm-pw, Zmens ^nXv\-sb-sm-pw, Pohn-p-tmgpw acn-p-tmgp-ap ^nXv\sbsmpw
A`bw tXSp-p. bYm m\amb Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-ap-f-f-h Fm-a-dn-nv
Adn- h n- m- s mcp Ah- - b n- t ev Xn- h n- S p- - X n thh- e m- X n- b p- - h - c pw,
]Sphm-Iy-s-smv Am-lp-hn icWw tXSp--h-cpw, t_m[-tm-Sp-IqSn
\bh--bn ]WnX kzK-n-tev Xncn-p-t]m-Im sImXn-p--h-cpamWv.
Amlp Ah-cpsS B{Klw k^-e-am-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. _Jd: 94-96, 155157,
A-Bw: 60, bq\pkv: 104106, dAvZv: 27-28 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
71.
`-Wh
- n-`h
-
- f
- n \n-fn Nnesc Nne-tc-m Amlp t{ijvTcmn-bn-cn-pp. Atm Cu t{ijvTX e`n--h X-fpsS A[o-\n-ep `rXyamvC-cp-Iqcpw B hn`-h--fn Xpey ]-mfnIfmIp--Xn-\p-th-n--ho-Xn-p-sIm-Sp-p-I-bn-tm. Atm Amlp-hns A\p-{Klns Imcy-n-emtWm Ah XnpsIm-ncn-p-Xv?
tkmjy-enkw \S-n-em- Ckvemans `mK-a FmWv Cu kqw ]Tnn-p--Xv. Hmtcm-cp-pw Amlp \Inb A\p-{K-l- D]-tbm-K-sSpn
AXp-sImv kzKw ]WnXv ]WnX kzK-n-tev Xncn-p-t]m-I-emWv Pohn-X-eyw. Amlp Hmtcm-cp-pw hnhn-[
- f
- mb A\p-{Kl-f
- mWv \In-bn-pXv.
Atm \n Am-lp-hns m\-m-sW-n, \n-sfbpw \n-fpsS A[o\-X-bn-ep Fm-h-scbpw, Fm hnj-b-fnepw Htc A[n-Im-chpw Htcm-\hpap-h-cmbn ImWptam? C FmWv D-c-san, ]ns \n FmWv Amlp
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Nne-v Nnetc-m m\-am-\-fpw hn`-h-fpw \In-b-Xn A\oXn Btcm]n-p-sImv Xn-p-Xv FmWv tNmZn-p--Xv. \nv \n-fn \np
Hcp D]-ab
- nXm FSp-p-c
- np-p. \n-fpsS Iogn-ep `rXym-cn, \mw \nv
\In-b- `-W-hn-`-h-fn\nv \npw Ahp-an-S-bn Xpey-ambn hoXnp-sIm-Sp-p- h-h-cp-aptm? \n ]c-kv]cw `b-s-SpXpt]mse `b-s-Sp, _lp-am-\n-p h `rXyam-cpaptm? Fv Adqw: 28- Amlp tNmZnpp.
508
AI-_q-v: 47-, Im^n-dp-IfmsX Jp-B kq--sf-smv hntcm[w-sh-p -sIm-n-cn-p-I-bn Fpw, 49-, A{I-an-I-f-msX Jp-B kq-fn hntcm-[w-shv Xn-p-I-bn Fpw ]d-n-p-v. ^pkzn-e-v: 2628,
Am-lp-hns kq--tfmSv hntcm-[w-shv Xn-p-sIm-n-cn-ph Amlp-hns i{Xp--fm-sW-pw, Acw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb Im^n-dp-Iv {]Xn^-e-ambn \c-I-n imiz-X-amb hoSm-Wp--sXpw ]d-n-pv. Jkz-kv: 79,
Jmdq Ahs P\-X-bn-tev Ae-mc hn`q-jn-X-\m-bn-smv h-tm CltemIw B{K-lnh ]dp: Hm, RfpsS Iw, Jmdq\v \In-b-Xp-t]m-epXv \apv e`n-n-tm, \nbw Ah alm-`m-Ky-hm Xs-bm-Wv. 80, Atm
Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-adnbp m\n-I ]dp: \nv \miw, hnizkn-pIbpw kI- sNp-Ibpw sNphv D-a-am-bn-p--Xv Am-lp-hns
{]Xn-^-e-amWv. Fm B kz`mhw Bhn-m-hnv a ssIsIm-p-h-msX e`n-p-I-bn. 81-, Atm \mw Ah-s\bpw Ahs hoSpsSp
`qan-sbbpw Bgv-n--f-p. Atcw Am-lp-hn-s\-q-SmsX Ahs\ klm-bnm Bcp-ap-m-bn-, Ah kzbw klm-bn--s--Xp-an. 82-, ]nt-Zn-hkw
{]`mXn Cse Ahs m\w sImXn--h ]d-bm XpSn: \nbw
AmlphmWv Ahs ASn-aI
- f
- n, Ah-\p-t-in-p-h
- v `Whn`-h
- hnime-am-bn-sm-Sp-p-X
- pw, Ah-\p-t-in-p-h
- v anX-ambn sImSp-p-X
- pw. Amlp
\s A\p-{K-ln-n-nmbncp-s-n \mapw `qan-bm hngp--s-Sp-am-bn-cp-p.
\nbw Im^n-dp-I Hcn-epw hnPbw hcn-p-Ibn Xs. An-km-Av: 32, 3739,
amCZ: 50-51, A-Bw: 53, AAvdm^v: 50-51 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
72.
Am-lp-hmWv \n-fn\npXs \nv CW-Isf Dm-n--Xpw, \nv \n-fpsS CW-I-fn \nv km-\--sfbpw
]u{Xam-scbpw {]Zm\w sNbvXX
- pw. ]cn-ip-a
- mb `-Wh
- n-`h
-
-
\nv {]Zm\w sNbvX-Xpw Ah Xs. Fnpw Ah anYy-bnemtWm hniz-kn-p-Xv? Ah Am-lp-hns A\p-{K-l- aqSnsh--ph-cpw XsbmtWm?
^pJm: 54- Amlp ]d-bpp: Ah Xs-bmWv sh-n \nv

a\p-jysci-co-cw krn-Xv. As\ Ah-cn Ah hwi-_-hpw hnhm-l-_hpw Dm-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. \ns \mY Fm-n\pw Ign-hp k-i-
\lv (16)
509
Xs-bm-Ip-p. An-bm-Av: 10- Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw, \mw \n-sf-pdnv A\pkva-cnn-p Hcp {Kand-n, Atm \n Nnn-p-nt? Ghpw
henb A\p-{K-l-amb Jp-B-\ns Bibw aqSn-sh-v Am-lp-hn-s\-p-dn-pw, PohnX-e-ys-p-dnpw, Ah-c-h-sc-p-dnpw a\-nem-msX ùXnI Pohn-X-n
BIjnp-sIm-v, \n ]c-tem-Is adv anYym-hm-Zn-IfmIcpXv, amXm-]n-Xm, a, Imew, tZiw, tKm{Xw XpSnbhsbmpw sXsc- s - S p- m
Hcmpw km[y-a-spw, adnv {km-hv, Ah-\p-t-in-p amXm-]n-Xm--fnepw
Imepw tZipw tKm{X-nepw `qan-bn sImp-h-cn-I-bm-sWpw, Amcysfmw Jp-B\ns Bibn\nv a\-n-emn, ]n]n Ahs {]mXn-\n[yw-h-lnv kzK-n-tepXs Xncn-p-t]m-I-W-sa-pamWv Cu kqw ]Tn-np-Xv. AAvdm^v: 157160, 172-173, 189, A^m: 5-- 8 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI.
73.
BIm-i--fn \ntm `qan-bn \ntm bmsXmcp `-W-hn-`-hfpw Ahv DS-a-sSpn sImSp-mt\m, Ahv Xsbpw kzbw
DS-a-s-Sp-mt\m km[y-a-mhscbmWv Am-lp-hn-s\-q-SmsX
Ah C_m-Zv sNbvXpsIm-n-cn-p--Xv.
AI-_q-v: 17- Amlp ]d-bpp: \n-b-ambpw \n Am-lp-hn-s\q-SmsX hn{K-l

- s
- f-bmtWm tkhn-p-Xv? \n Ifhv sIn-a
-
- p-Ibpw sNppthm? \n- b - a mbpw Am- l p- h ns\qSmsX C_m- Z v sNsSp- - h
\nv `-W-hn-`-h-sfmpw DS-a-s-Sp-n--cm km[n-m--h-cm-Wv,
Atm \n `-W-hn-`-h- Am-lp-hns ] tXSp-I, Ah-\pthn
am{Xw Pohn---h-cpw, Ah\v \n {]I-Sn-n-p--h-cp-am-hp-I, Ah-\n-tev XsbmWv \n-sfmw aS--s-Sp-Xv. ^pJm: 55- Amlp ]d-bpp: Ah
Am-lp-hn-s\-q-SmsX Ah-v bmsXmcp D]-Im-chpw D]-{Zhpw sNm--h-scbmWv C_m-Zv sNp--Xv. Im^n Ahs \mYs {]Xy i{Xp Xs-bmIpp. ^mnl: 4, amCZ: 35, AAvdm^v: 188, 194-200, bq\p-kv: 31, 59 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
74.
Atm \n Am-lp-hn\v D]-aI

- Na-b
v c
- p-X.v \nbw Amlp
Adn-bp-p, \ntfm Adn-hn-m--h Xs-bm-Ip-p.
bmko: 75- Amlp]d-bpp: Ahs kr-nns\ ad-p-sImv \apXm

Ah D]-a Nabvp-p. Fv \pcp-n--gn-m BcmWv \s ]p\kr-npIsbv Ah tNmZn-p-Ibpw sNpp. ùXnI `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-sf-bpw, tImSXn-bnse PUvPn-amscbpw kao-]n-m t\cnv km[n-m--Xp-t]mse Am-lp-hnte-pw km[m-c-W-mv t\cn-p-t]m-Im km[n-p-I-bn-, AXp-sImv Amlp-hn\v CS-bm-famcpw ip]mi-m-cp-sa-m-apv F [mc-W-bmWv GmIm-ep-ap \ntj-[n-I shp-]p-entmcp--Xv. Ah-tcmSv Amlp ]d-bp-I-bmWv:
Am-lp-hns\ \n ùXnI cm-Pmam-tcm-tSm, Ahs ap krn-I-tfmtSm
D]-an-p-Itbm DZm-l-cn-p-Itbm sNcpXv, Ah-s\-tmse Hcp-h-kvXp-hp-an-, Ah-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
s\-tmse Hcm-fp-an-, Ah Fmw AS-n-`-cn-p GIm[n]\pw, tkzm-[n-]\pw
Xs-bm-Ip-p. apAvan: 16- Amlp ]d-bpp: hn[n-Zn-hkw Fm-hscbpw
Amlp ad-\on sImp-h-cp--Xm-Wv. At-Zn\w Ah-cn\nv Hpw Xs
Am-lp-hns\ ad-p-\npI-bn-. BmWv Ct-Zn\w B[n-]-Xy-sa-v tNmZn-sSpw, ]d-b-sSpw: Fmw AS-n-`-cn-p GIm-[n-]-\mb Am-lp-hn-s\-v.
bq\p-kv: 18, 31-36, 61, lqZv: 57, Alv: 24, 21-22, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
510
75.
Am-lp- CXm Hcp D]-as

- b-Sppcn-p-p, Hcm-fpsS A[o-\nep
Hc-Sn-a; Ah\v kz-ambn Hcp A[n-Im-ch
- p-an-, asm-cph\m-Is
- ; Ah\v
\n \np Daamb hn`-h- \mw {]Zm\w sNbvXn-p-v.
Ah AXn \nv cl-ky-ambpw ]c-kyambpw sNe-h-gn-p-sIm-ncn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Atm Ah cp-t]cpw ka-am-Iptam? Amlp-hn\v kvXpXn. A; Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw Adn-hn-m--h-cm-Ipp.
Cu kq-n DZm-l-cn "Hcm' kz-ambn bmsXmcp Ign-hp-an-mh\pw

asm-cm-fpsS ASn-a-Xz-n-eph\pamWv. asm-cm kzX-{\pw Amlp \Inb
A\p-{K-l
- cl-ky-ambpw ]c-ky-ambpw sNe-hg
- n-p-sImv Pohn-Xe
- yw kmmXvI-cn-p-am kzKw ]Wn-Xp-sIm-n-cn-p-h-\p-am-Wv. Cu cp-t]cpw ka-am-Iptam
FmWv tNmZyw. Atm Dcw ]d- b msX au\w Zonp Ah- t cmSv
AmlpXs ]d-bp-ImWv: Am-lp-hn\v kvXpXn, ]t a\pjycn A[n-I-t]cpw
Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-a-dn-bm--Xn-\m Pohn-X-eyw Adn-bm--h-cm-Ipp. lqZv:
17, 88 t\mp-I. kPZ: 18 Amlp tNmZn-pp: hnizm-kn-bmb Hcmfpw I]-S-hnizm-kn-bmb Hcmfpw ka-am-Iptam? hnizmkn Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-bpw, Pohn-Xeyw kmmXvI-cn-m kzKw ]Wn-bp--h-\p-am-Wv. Fm I]-S-hn-izmkn
Pohn-X-e-yw \sSpnbXn-\m \cIn B]-Xn-p--Xp-am-Wv. kPZ: 1920
Iqn-hm-bn-pI. A[n-Im-c-ap-h-\pw, Cm--h\pw hyXy-kvX-cm-sWv {]Xy-nXs a\p-jyv Adn-bmhp-XmWv, Fnpw Ah Adnhn-mbva \Snv
{km-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i- Skrn-Iv shp-sIm-Sp-p-I-bm-Wv, AXns
`hn-jyv Ah a\-n-em-p-pan-. kpa: 29, Amlp Hcp]a D-cn-p-p,
Hcm hnhn-[--fmb t\Xmamv hnt[-b-\mbn Pohn-p--h\pw, asm-cph
GI\mb Am-lp-hn kkzw kanv Pohn-ph\pamWv. Ah cp-t]cp-sSbpw D]a ka-am-Iptam? Am-lp-hn-\mWv kvXpXn, Fm Ah-cn A[n-It]cpw Adn-hn-mh-cm-Ipp. Cu kq-n ]nim-Nns kwL-ns]v hnhn[--fmb XmKqpIsf A\p-k-cn-p Hcp-h\pw, GI-\mb Am-lp-hn\v am{Xw
kanv Ckveman \ne-sIm-p Hcp-h\pw ka-am-Iptam FmWv tNmZn-pXv.
AAv-dm^v 26, 170, Alv: 36, 71 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
76.
Amlp asmcp DZm-l-c-Ww-IqSn D-cn-p-p. cv ]pcp-jam; Ah- cp- t ]- c n H- c p- h Dua- b m- W v , Ah Hn\pw Ign- h nmh\pw Ah Xs bP-am-\\v Hcp `mchpamWv. Atlw Ahs\
\lv (16)
511
Fhn-tSv Xncnmepw Hcp KpWhpw sImp-h-cp-n-. Atm
Ah\pw, t\sc-sNm-s-bp amK-n \ne-sIm-p--h\pw \oXnsImv I]n-p-h\pamb Hcp-h\pw ka-am-Iptam?
Hcp-h Hcp a-\m-Wv, kz-ambn Hcp Ign-hp-ansv am{X-a-, asm-cm-fpsS
\ntZ-i-a-\p-k-cnv {]hn-m-\p Ign-hp-an-m-h-\m-Wv. asmcph kamKnJp-B-\nshgn-bn- \nesImph\pw, \oXn-bpsS amK-amb {kmhns hgn-bn- \ne-sIm-m ap--h-tcmSv I]n-ph\p-am-Wv. ap kq-nse DZmlcWw Hp-IqSn a\-n-emp--Xn-\p-thn Cu kq-n asmcp
cq]-n Bhn-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. apAvan: 57-58 Amlp ]d-bpp: BIm-i`q-an-I krn-p-Xv Xs-bmWv a\p-jysc krn-p--Xn-t\-m hen-b-Imcyw,
Fm a\p-jy-cn A[n-I-t]cpw hnh-c-an-m--h-cm-Ip-p. Aamcpw ImgvN-bp-h\pw ka-am-hp-I-bn-, hniz-kn-p-Ibpw kI- sNp-Ibpw sNp-h Am-lp-hns\ adv ZpjvIrXyw sNp-h-sc-tm-se-bmhp-I-bn-. Fm
A]w-t] am{Xta lrZ-bw-sImv kvacn-p-I-bp-q. A-Bw: 125-126, bq\pkv:
77.
BIm-i-fnepw `qan-bn-ep-ap AZr-iy-sfmw Am-lp-hn\v am{Xam-Ip-p. B Ay\nanjw \Sn-em-Ip--Xn\v Iv Ca-sh-p kabtam As-n AXnt\m Ipd ka-b-tam A-m-sX Bh-iyan-. \nbw Amlp Fm-Im-cy-n\pw Ignhp k-i
-
- Xsbm-Wv.
]Xn-\v hb-n\v tij-ap Pohn-X-ns Hmtcm \nan-j-s-p-dnpw

Hsm--mbn DSabmb Am-lp-hns apn hn[n-Zn-hkw Dcw ]d-tb-n-hcp-sa t_m[-tm-Sp-IqSn ChnsS \ne-sIm--emWv XJvh`-b-`-n-bpsS amKw.
ChnsS Hmtcm-cp-cpw GX-h--bn-em-sW-pw, Ah-cpsS kmZyw kzKamtWm
\c-I-amtWm Fsmw t\cs Xocp-am-\npsh Fmw hebwsNbvX {XnIm-em-\n-bmWv Am-lp. B Xocp-am\Zn\w \S-n-em-p--Xn-\p-thn Am-lp-hn\v
IptdImetam klm-bn-I-tfm Bh-iy-an-. Ah Fmw AS-n-`-cn-p GIm-[n]-\pw km-[n-]\pw tkzm-[n-]-\pw Xnw {]hrn-p--h-\p-am-Wv. _Jd:
234, Ben-Cw-dm: 5, A-Bw: 59, bq\pkv: 6164, Alv: 40 t\mpI.
78.
\nv bmsXmpw Adn-p-Iq-Sm Ah--bn Am-lp-hmWv

\n-fp-sS amXm-f
- psS DZ-c
- f
- n\nv \nsf ]pd-tv sImph-Xv. \nv Ah tIhnbpw ImgvNIfpw _pn-i
- nbpw Xp-\n- \n-bp--h-cmhpI Xs thW-sa--Xn-\p-th-n.
Ckveman Hcmpw a-sftbm amXm-]n-Xm--sftbm sXsc-s-Sp-m\p A[n-Im-ctam Ah-Im-itam C. adnv {kmhv Ah-\p-t-in krn-Isf
amXm-fpw a-fp-ambn _-s-Sp-p-I-bm-Wv. amXm-]n-Xm- Ipn-I-fpm-I-W-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
sav IcpXn ssewKnI _-n Gs]-Sptm Ipn-Ifpm-IWsa-n-,
Fm Ipn-I Dm-I-cp-sXv IcpXn ssewKnI _-n Gs]Sptm
Ipn-Isf \Ip-Ibpw sNbvtXmw. Aqd: 49-50 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Atm Cu
kq-{]-Imcw "Rm \ns Fs hb-n ]p-amkw sImp-\-S-n-t, Ctm
\o Fs [n-cn-ptm?' Fv tNmZn-p- amXm-fpw, B [mc-W-bn kwkmcn-p-I-bpw s]cp-am-dp-Ibpw sNp ap--hcpw Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-fn ]p-tNp--hcm-Wv. Jp-B kq-v hncp-ambn Ccmsc
A\p-k-cn-m afpw apivcnpIfm-Ip--Xm-Wv. A-Bw: 121, 129, Xu_: 2324
Iqn-hm-bn-pI.
512
kPZ: 9 Amlp ]d-bpp: ]ns Ah \n-sf cq]-s-Spn, Ahs

dqln\nv AXn Bhm-ln-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp, \nv tIhn-bpw ImgvNIfpw, _pn-i-nbpw \In. Fm \n A]w- am{XamsX \n -{]-I-Snnp-n-. "A^vCZx' FXn\v _pn-i-n-sb-mWv kq-n Aw sImSp-sX-nepw, lrZ-bhpw Xe-tmdpw ]s-Sp-p-sIm-p Nnm-i-n-bp a\mWv AXp-sImp-t-in-p--Xv. AYhm Pohn-X-eyw {Kln-m-\p Ign-hmWXv. AAvdm^v: 179 t\mp-I.
kzKn krn a\p-jy-t\mSv Amlp "Rm\-tbm \ns DSa' Fv
tNmZn-p-I-bpw, Atm Ah-sc-m-hcpw "AtX \mYm, R kmywhlnpp'(A-Avdm^v: 172) Fp-]-dbpIbpw sNbvXp. amXm-]n-Xm--fpsS C{n-b-pn-bpsS kn\nv Ahs ico-c-ap-m-p-I-bpw Ah\v tIhnbpw ImgvNbpw
_pn-i-n-bp-samw \IpIbpw sNbvXXv, {km-hns\ Is-pI, Ah-c-hsc
Xncn--dn-bp-I, kzKw Cl-n ]WnbpI Fo ey-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. BenCw-dm: 136, AnkmAv: 1 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. CkvdmAv: 36-, \nbw
tIhn, ImgvN, _pn-in XpS-n-b Fm Hmtcm A\p-{K-l--sf-p-dnpw hn[nZn-hkw tNmZyw sN-s-SpI Xs sNp-sav ]dn-p-v. hnNm-cWthf-bn
Ah adp-]Sn ]d-bpnsn Ahs tIhnbpw ImgvN-Ifpw sXmen-Ifpw Ahs\-Xnsc kmyw-h-ln-p-sav ^pkzn-e-v: 19-23 ap-dn-bnv \Inbnp-v.
^mnl: 3, _Jd: 152, A-Bw: 151-152, Alv: 55 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
79.
Ah ]n-If
- n-tev t\mn-bn-ntbm? BIm-im-c
- o-
- n Ah
GXphn[-amWv A[o-\-am--s-n-cn-p--Xv Fv. Am-lp-h-msX
Ahsb ]nSn-p-sh-p-n-. \nbw AXn hnizm-kn-I-fmb Hcp
P\-X-v [mcmfw ]mT-fpv.
apv: 19- Amlp tNmZn-p-p: NndIv \ne-am-nbpw Nnd-In--Snpw

Ahv apI-fn ]d-p-sIm-n-cn-p ]n-I-fn-tev Ah t\mn-bn-n-tbm?
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\-msX Ahsb ]nSnp-sh-p-n-. \nbw Ah Fm-Im-cyhpw
hon-p-sIm-n-cn-p--h-\m-Ip-p. Adqw: 37- Amlp ]d-bpp: Ah Int, Ah-\p-t-in-p--hv `-W-hn-`-h- [mcmfw sImSp-pp, Ah-\p-t-in-
\lv (16)
513
p--hv IW-m-nbpw sImSp-p-p. \nbw AXn hnizm-kn-I-fmb Hcp
P\-Xv [mcmfw ]mT--fp-v. a\p-jytcmSv Ah-sc-p-dnv am{X-a-, BIm-i-`q-an-Ifn-ep Poh-Pm-e--sf-p-dnpw \nco-nv ]TnW-sapw AXn-eqsS GI-\mb
{km-hns\ Is--W-sapamWv Bh-iy-s-Sp--Xv. hnizm-kn-I-fmb P\-Xv
[mcmfw ]mTfpv Fp-]-d--X; Poh-Pm-e--fpsS icocLS\bpw Ahbvv
Xma-kn-m\pw k-cn-m-\p-ap-X-Ip A-co--nse hmbp LS\bpw kwhn[m-\n-n-pXv GI-\mb {km-hv am{X-amWv. B GI-\mb {km-hns {]Xn-\n[n-I-fm-bn-mWv hnizm-kn-Isf `qan-bn \nbnnp--sXpw, Atm Ahs
{]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-bn-sm-m-bn-cn-Ww Ah ap Poh-Pm-e--tfmSv hn-t-Xv
FpamWv. Ah CXc Pohn-Iv \Im _pn-inbmIp al-mb
A\p-{Klw D]-tbm-K-s-Spn, ap Poh-Pm-e-fpsS PohnXcoXn-bn\npw ]mTapsmv, a\p-jyv KpW-{]-Z-amb ]e D]-I-c-W- \nn-p-I-bpw D]-tbmK-s-Sp-p-Ibpw hgn {km-hn-t\mSv IqSpX \n- {]-I-Sn-n-p--h-cm-I-W-sa-mWv
Xm]-cy-s-Sp--Xv. Hcp- \q-mv apv {^mknse ssdv ktlm-Z-cam Cu ]nIfn\nv ]mT-apsm-v Nnn--Xns ê-ambnmWv a\p-jyv Gsd {]tbmP-\-s-Sp hnam\w Is-n-b-Xv. sh-n Pohn-p ay-n\nv ]mTapsmv AXns BIr-Xn-bn-emWv I, t_mv, hn, Dcp XpS-n- a\p-jyv
D]Im-c-{]-Z-amb hml-\- cq]-I]\ sNbvXn-p--Xv. A-Bw: 38, AAvdm^v:
185, lqZv: 6, Alv: 6669 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
80. Amlp \nv \n-fpsS `h-\ imn\Ip kt-X-fm-n-bn-cn-p-p. \nv Ip-Im-en-If
- psS XpIsImp hoSpIfpw Dm-n--n-cn-p-p. \nfpsS bm{Xm-Znhk--fnepw Xmhf-aS- n-p-Z- nh-k
- f
- nepw Ah \nv eLp-hmbn A\p`-hs-Spp.
sN--cn-bm-Sv, HIw, tImem-Sv apX-em-b-h-bpsS tcma--fn\npw apSnI-fn\npw \nv kpJ-{]-Z-hp-w D]Imc-{]Zhp-amb, Hcp \nnX
Imew-hsc D]-tbm-Kn-m-\p hkvXpfpw Dm-n--n-cn-p-p.
Ip-Im-en-I-fpsS XpI-ep-I- bm{Xm-th-f-bn Xp-Ifpw IqSm-c-fpw DmpXn-\p-thn ]p-Imew apX Xs Ad-_n-Ifpw acp-`q-hm-kn-Ifpw D]-tbmKnphcp-p-v. Ah ssIImcyw sNp--Xn\v hfsc `mc-c-ln-Xhpw Ffp--hp-amWv
FmWv Cu kq-n Nqn-m-p--Xv. AhbpsS XpIsImv hoSp-I
am{X-a-, _mKv, sNcpv XpSn D]-Im-c-{]-Z-amb ]e km[-\kma{KnI-fpw IuXpI
hkv X p- fpw Dm- p- p- v . sN- c n- b m- S ns tcma- n- \nmWv Infn
\nnpXv. H-I-ns tcmaw-sIm-pw tImem-Sns apSn-sImpw [mcmfw
IuXpI hkvXp-fpw Ipjytkm^mhncn-Ifp-w ]pX-p-I-fp-samw Dm-ppv.
A-Bw: 142, AAvdm^v: 24-26, \lv: 56 t\mpI.
81.
Amlp, Ah krn-- hkvXp--fn\nv \ng-ep-Ifpw, ]-X-fn\nv \nv kpc-n-X-amb A`-b-k-t-X-fpw Dm-n--
514
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
n-cn-p-p. DjvW
- n\nv \nsf cn-p hkv{X-fpw, {]XnIqe kml-N-cy--fn kwc-n-p ap Nne hkv{X-fpw Dmn--p. A{]-Imcw Ah Ahs A\p{Klw \n-fp-sS-ta
]qn-bm-n-cpp--\n- kkzw Ah\v kanph-cmIp-Xn-\p-th-n.
Alv: 48 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. km[m-c-W-bmbn CS-Xq Ce-I-fp

hr-fpsS \ng-ep-IfmWv Bkz-Zn--s-Sp-Xv. Fm acp-`q-anbn Ccw
\ng-ep-I Cm-Xn-\memWv Ah krn hkvXp--smw \nv \ngepmnp Fp-]-d--Xv. hoSnstbm aXn-en-stbm \ng e`n-m--tm
H-I
- ns \ng-en hn{i-an-p- acp`qhmkn-Ifp-v. ]-X
- f
- n\nv \nv
kpc-n-X-amb A`-b-k-t-X- Dm-n--n-cn-p-p Fp-]-d-Xns
hnh; ]-X-sf AXn-cp-I-fm-bpw tImI-fmbpw D]-tbm-K-s-Sppp Fv
am{X-a-, i{Xp-fn\nv c-s-Sp-Xn-\p-thn Hfn-m-h-f--fmbn D]-tbmKsSp-pp Fp-IqSnbm-Wv. \nv NqSn\nv c-s-Sm-\p ]cp-nhkv{X- am{X-a-, XWp-n \nv c-s-Sm-\pXIp Ip-Im-en-IfpsS tcmasImv \nn-p Infn, ]pX-v, ankyqv Fnh \nn-m\pw ]Tnnp. {]Xn-Iqe kml-N-cy--fn kwc-n-p ap Nne hkv{X-sImpDtiyw ]S-b-n-I-, sdbn tImv, Xo ]n-Sn-m- h-kv{X-, shSn-bp
Gm hkv{X-, Kymkv amkvIv XpSn-b-h-bm-Wv. CsXmw \nv
\In-bXv A\p-{K-l-Zm-Xm-hns\ Xncn--dnv Ah\v kkzw kanv Pohn-m\mWv. As\ Fm \S-p-I-fnepw Ccn-p-I-fnepw InS-p-I-fnepw Ahs\ Hmanv
\ne-sIm-pI hgn Pohn-X-eyw kmm-XvI-cn-p-IbmWv th-Xv. AXn-\p
GI D]-I-cW-amWv Jp-B-\ns Bibw. AYhm, Ccw kq-sfmw hnhcn-p Jp-B-\ns XW-en kzKo-b- Po-hnXw Chn-sS-s a\p-jy-cm Icpn-Sn-n--W-sa-mWv \njv]-hm\mb Amlp Dt-in-p--Xv. Cuh-kvXpX aqSnsh-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw Ahsc ]n]-p--h-cp-amWv \c-I-nse hnd-Ip-I.
_Jd: 24, Ben-Cw-dm: 8385, Xu_: 32, 100, \lv: 18 t\mp-I.
Am-lphn\v am{Xw Iogvs-p-sImv kaq-l-n Pohn-m Ign-bm
kml-N-cyn Kpl-I-fn t]mbn Xma-kn-n-s-nepw hnizmkw kwcn-Wsa-mWv Am-lphns I]-\. AI-_pv: 56- Amlp ]d-bpp: hnizm-knI-fmb Fs ASn-a-Itf, \n F\nv thn am{Xw Pohn--m\pt-in-p-pshn \nbw Fs `qan AXn-\p-X-Ip hn[w hnim-e-am-Wv. bmko-: 2029
]d hnizm-kn-bmb "l_o_p-m' A{]-Imcw Kpl-bn Xma-knp-sIm-ncn-s-bmWv B \mn-tev aqv {]hm-N-Iamsc Amlp \ntbm-Kn-p-Xpw, P\ Ahsc Xn--fv FXn-tm Atlw HmSn-hv P\-tfmSv {]hmNIam-sc- ]n]-m D]-tZ-in-p-Xpw. Ah At-ls h[n--tm ]ns
B\m- S ns\ Amlp \ne- \ np- I - b p- m- b n- . A^m: 33 hni- Z o- I - c Ww
t\mpI. Npcp--n Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn Pohn-m B{K-ln-p
\lv (16)
515
hnizm-knv AXn\v `qan-bn-se-hnsSbpw km[n-msX hcp-tmgmWv temIns
Ayw kw`-hn-p-I.
82.
C\nbh ]nn- c n- pt]m- h pIbm- s W- n, Atm \nbw

\nsta k-tiw hy-ambn Fn-p-sIm-Sp-pI F-msX
asmcp D-c-hm-Zn--hp-an-.
amCZ: 67, bq\pkv: 99-100, dAvZv: 31, 40 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
83.
Ah Am- l p- h n- s A\p- { K- l - Xncn- - d n- b phcpw ]ns

AXnt\mSv hntcm[w shp--h-cp-am-Ipp. Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw
kXyw aqSn-sh-p--h Xs-bm-Ipp.
A\p-{K-l--sfmw \In-bXv Am-lp-hm-sW hkvXpX Hcp -Im-epw

\ntj-[n-s-ncp-n-. CsXmw Amlp \In-bXv alm-m--fp-sSbpw tZh-XI-fp-sSbpw CS-s]-S aqe-am-sW-mWv a-bnse \ntj-[n-I hniz-kn-n-cp--Xv.
Alv: 74 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Cu A\p-{K-l-v Am-lp-hn-\v \n
sNp--tXm-sSmw, Ah Am-lp-hn-\p--Xn-t\-m IqSp-X-embn Cu a[yhnIv \n sNbvXncp-Xpw AXp-sImmbncp-p. Am-lp-hns\ [n-cn-p-sImv
Cu a[y-hnIsf ip]mi-mcpw CS-bm-fa-mcpambn shp--Xn\pw, Ahv
t\hgn-]m-Sp-I An-p--Xn\pw t{]cn-n-p, Ah-cpsS t\Xm-am-scbpw
]ptcm-ln-Xam-scbpw A\p-k-cn-ncp--Xpw AXp-sIm-pX-sbm-bn-cp-p. Fm,
ùXnI hnZym-`ym-ktam, Cv a\p-jy A\p-`-hn-p-sIm-n-cnp ap A\p-{K-ltfm e`y-a-m-Xn-cp Am-es \ntj-[n-I-tf-m, B A\p-{K-l--sfmw
Bkz-Zn-psIm-ncnp Cs apkvenwIfmWv temIcnshv Ghpw \nsI--h-scv Jp-B-\ns shfn--n\nv a\-n-em-mw. A-hv t{ImUo-Icn Jp-B\ns H{]Xn-t]mepw Cm-bn-cppshn Cv, Jp-B {]Xn-Ifpw
A{K-fpw hymJym\{K--fpw lZokv{K-fpw ^nJvlvIa-im-kv{X{K---fpw kpe-àmWv. Ah btYjvSw ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-papv. Fm Bm-hns `-Whpw hkv{X-hp-amblrZ-b-ns `mj-bn-ep
Jp-B-\ns Bibw am{Xw ]Tn-p-Itbm ]Tn-n-p-Itbm sNp-n. `qansb
AXns kp-e-\-n \ne\nm-\p {Xmkmb Jp-B-\ns Bibw ap
P\-v D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m \Ip-p-an-. AXphgn Ah ap--h-cpsS
]m]`mcw IqSn hlnv \c-I-n t]mtI--h-cmbn amdn-bn-cn-p-I-bmWv. Fm
AX-h Xncn--dn-bp-n-. ABw: 26 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Ad_n Acwt]mepw ]Tn-mhtcm Fm Xn-bnepw apnepw \bn ]nn-ep-amb Ah, {]Ir-Xn -kw-kvImcwt]mepw Cm-hcmbn A[-x]-Xn-ncn-pp Fv Jp-B-\ns\ DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iambn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--hv a\n-emmw. \a-kvI-cnv t\m-\p-jvTnv lvsNbvXv \cIw ]ng-bmbn hmp-Chs-Xn-cm-bn \msf ]c-tem-Ipshv "Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nv AIv
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Pohn Hcp sI-P-\Xbm-bn-cpp Ch' Fv ^pJm: 18 {]Imcw alm-m-
A\ymbw t_m[n-n-p-XmWv. ^pJm: 29 {]Imcw "Jp-B\
- ns Bibw F\nv
hv Inn-b-Xn\v tijw h-I-\mb ]nimNv Fs AXn\nv XS-tm'
Fv hne-]n-p--Xpw AhX-sbmWv. ^pJm: 30 {]Imcw {]hm-N-I
JpB\pwsImv hv "Fs Cu P\X Jp-B-s\ Ah-K-Wnv Pohn--XmWv
Chv h ZpKXn' Fv A\ymbw t_m[n-n-pXpw Chs-Xn-cm-bn-v
Xsbm-Wv. amCZ: 4950, Xu_: 53-55, 67-68, C{_mlow: 13, 18 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
516
84. Fm Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-n\npw Hcp kmnsb \mw Fgp-t]nv

sImp-h-cpZn\w, ]ns \ntj-[n-Ifmb-hv Hgn--I-gnhv ]d-bmt\m
{]mb-nw \evImt\m Ah-kcw \Ip-I-bpan-.
An-km-Av: 4142 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Jp-B Bibw ]Tn-n-msX
A-w ]TnnpIbpw, CuWnepw cmK-nepw ]mcm-bWw sNm\pw a\-:mTam-m\psamw ]Tn-npIbpw sNp Ben-Cw-dm: 10-, 116, A^m: 22, 55,
Xu_: 84-85 Fo kq--fn ]d Im^n-dp-Is-Xncn kmn-bmbn
Amlp sImp-h-cn-I Cv Jp-B-\ns Bibw lrZ-b-ns `mjbn ]Tn-np--h-sc-bmWv. Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-np--h hnNm-c-W-bnmsX kzKn t]mIp--h-cpw, Jp-B-\ns Bibw Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p ap\m-^n-JpI
hnNm-c-WbnmsX \c-I-n t]mIp--hcp-ambncn-pw. Ahv `qan-bn-ep
kkzw Inn, AXpsImv sXw sNbvXmepw c e`n-n-spw, Amlp
Ahsc ipo-I-cn-p-I-bn-spw bq-\pkv: 54, dAvZv: 18 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-Wn ImWp-I. apkem-v: 35- Amlp ]d-bpp: Ct-Zn\w Ah kwkmcn-p-I-bn-, Ahv \ymbw t_m[n-n-m A\p-hmZw \Ip-I-bp-an-. _Jd:
254, Ben-Cw-dm: 30, An-km-Av: 56, AAvdm^v: 6, dAvZv: 25 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
85.
A{I-an-IfmbIq in ImWp-tmtgm AXv Ah-sc-smv eLqI-cn-p-I-tbm Ahv kmh-Imiw \Is-Sp-Itbm C.
Jp-B-\ns Bibw Adn-nv aqSn-sh--h-cpw, ap--hv ]d-p-sIm-Spm-h

- c
- pw, JpB hpInn-bnv AXv ]Tn-m _pn-bpw, ImgvNbpw, tIhnbpw
D]-tbm-Ks
- -Sp-mhcp-am-Wv A{I-an-I. lqZv: 18-19 hni-Zo-cI
- Ww t\mpI. Ch
Xs-bmWv Pohn-X-eyw \-s- Kzmho-fpw, Nnn-m- Kzm^n-eo-fpw,
{Kln-m apPvcnwIfpw, sXm-Sn-Ifmb ap\m-^n-Jp-Ifpw, ac-W-k-a-bv R
\ntj-[n-If
- m-bn-cpp Fv kzbw kmyw hln-p Im^n-dp-Ifpw Fv AAvdm^v;
37-41, 175-176, Xu_: 80, bq\p-kv: 78, 17 hni-Zo-I-c-Wn ]dn-p-v.
\c-I-n-te-p Cq--cn-sempw Jp-B-\ns Bibw D]-tbm-K-s-Spp-Ih
- gn Rsf tN-cptX FmWv hnizm-kn-I {]mn-t-X
- v. ^mnl:
7mw kqw ]mcm-bWw sNp-tmgpw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS a\-n-ep-m-bn-cn-t-Xv
\lv (16)
CXp Xs-bm-Wv. bq\pkv: 106 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
517
86. Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp-h X-fpsS

]m-fn-Isf ImWptm ]dbpw: R-fpsS \mYm, \ns-q-SmsX
apv R hnfnv {]mn-psImncp R-fpsS ]m-fn-I
Cq- - c m- W v . Atm Ah(]m- f n- I ), Ah- c psS hmp- I
AhcntepXs Xncn--Sn-pw: \n-bw, \n Iw ]d-bp-h Xs-bm-bncp-p.
^mnl: 4, bq\p-kv: 28-30, Alv: 20-21 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
87.
At-Zn\w Ah Am-lp-hn\v ]cn-]q-ambn Iog-S-p-Xpw, Cltem-Iv Ah sIna-p-m-n-bn-cp--sXmw Ah-sc-smv hgnamdn-tm-hpXp-am-Wv.
kPZ: 12- Amlp ]d-bpp: _pn D]-tbm-Knv Nnn-m Ccw

{`mam X-fpsS \mYs apn ]qW-ambpw Iog-Sn Xe-Ip-\n-p-sImv
\np cwKw \o ImWp-I-bm-sW-n! Ah ]dbpw: R-fpsS \mYm, R
DmgvN Ip, R tIp, Rsf sFln-I-tem-I-tv Hp-IqSn Xncn--bmepw! R kIa sNbvXp-sImmw, \nbw Rv ZrV-t_m[yw
hn-cn-p-p. "Ddp\Ip Adnhv' Bb Jp-B-\ns Bibw DmgvNZmb-Iambn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m--h In\v Dd-m-Ip-Xphsc \cIw ImWp-I-Xs
sNpw Fv A-Im-kp: 57 epw, JpB aqSn-sh Im^n-dp-Isf \c-I-ntev hen-s-dn-b-s-Sp-tm AXnse tcmZ-\-fpw Hmfn-bn-Sepw tIp--XmWv,
AXmIs Xnf-p-a-dn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Ibpam-bn-cn-pw Fv apv: 7epw ]d-np-v. apAv-an-\q: 105-107 Iqn hmbn-p-I. A-Bw: 27, 94, AAvdm^v: 53 hni-ZoIcWw t\mp-I.
88. kXys aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw Am-lp-hns amKssmv ap-hsc XS-bp-Ibpw sNbvXhcptm-- Ahv \mw in-p-ta
in hn-np sImSp-p--Xm-Wv, Ah Cl-tem-I-v \mi-w hnXp-sIm-n-cp--Xp-sIm-v.
Jp-B-\ns Bibw Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p-I-bpw, Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-ssmv ap--hsc XS-bp-Ibpw sNp--hv in Cc-n-nv \Ip--Xm-Wv,
Ah `qansb \in-n-p-sIm-n-cp \mi-Im-cn-I-fm-bncp-Xn-\memWv A-Xv.
hnizmkw hn-m\p D]-I-cWw Jp-B-\ns samw Bi-b-amsWv
A^m: 24 kq- fpsS hni- Z o- I - c - W - n hmbn- p- I . `qan AXns
kpe\n \ne-\nm-\pw, a\p-jy-nS-bn-ep csm-cn-n \nn
sFIyw m]n-p--Xn-\ap D]-I-c-Whpw AXv Xs-bm-sWv AAvdm^v: 170
hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbnpI. AAvdm^v: 3640, Xu_: 55, 101, 125, lqZv: 1719
"'
vXn-bp {]h
\- sN
pI Fs-m-amWv
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
518
hniZo-I-cWw t\mpI.
89.
Fm Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-n\pw Ahs-Xnsc kmyw hlnp

Ahcn \np Hcp kmnsbbpw, Cq--cp-sS-ta kmn-bmbn
\nsbpw Fgpt]nv sImp-h-cp HcpZn\w! Fm Hmtcm
Imcyhpw hy-ambn hni-Zo-Ic-- n-n-p Hcp {Kw \mw \ns ta
AhX-cn-n-n-p--Xp-am-Ip-p. AXv kkzw Am-lp-hn\v kanhv kamKhpw Imcp-Wyhpw ip`-hmmZmb-I-hp-am-Ipp.
\lv: 84 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. apl--Zv -\-_nbpsS app kap-Zm-bsXn-cmbn, Ah-cn-tev \ntbm-Kn--s {]hm-N-I-amcpw Ahsc kmys-Spn Pohn hnizm-kn-I-fp-amWv kmnbmbn sImphcn-I. dAvZv: 7 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I. "Cq--cp-sS-ta kmn-bmbn \nsbpw Fgpt]nv sImph- c pXmWv ' Fv ]d- - X nse "Cq- cn' \_n- b p- s S- Ime- p,
\_nsbpdndn PqXcpw ss{IkvX-hcpw km_n-a-X-mcpw am-apivcnpIfpsamw Ds-Spw. \_n-bpsS Ime-tijw Ay-\m hsc-bp a\p-jyscmw
\_n-bpsS "D--v' kap-Zm-b-ns]-hm-cm-sW-nepw \_n-bpsS "Juw' P\Xbn apkvenwI- am{X-amWv Ds-SpI. Ahs-Xn-cm-bn-mWv \_nsb kmnbmbn sImp-h-cn-I. kpKvdp^v: 44- Cu Jp-B \n\pw \ns P\-Xpap
Hcp DW-em-Wv. \n cp Iqcpw AXn-s\-p-dnv tNmZyw sN-s-S-pIXs sNpw Fv ]d-n-pv. lqZv: 103108 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
"Fm Hmtcm Imcyhpw hy-ambn hni-Zo-Ic-- n-n-p Hcp {Kw \mw \ns
ta AhX-cn-n-n-p--Xp-am-Ip-p' F-Xns hnh Jp-B\pw kmn-bmWv
F-XmWv. {XnIm-e-m-\n-bpsS {XnIm-e-m-\-amb Jp-B\mWv Ghpw henb
kmn- Fv ABw: 19, lqZv: 17 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ]d-n-p-v.
Jp-B AXns\ Pohn-n--hv thn ip]mi sNp-Xpw ip]mi sNnnp-X
- p-am-sWv \_n- ]Tn-n-n-p-v. \_nbpsS ]qW-Po-hnXw kmy-s-Spp
hnizm-knI-fpsS kwLw Cm Ah--bn \_n-bpsS kap-Zm-b-ns] CXc
P\- X sb Amlphn\v inn- m \ymb- a n. Fm Ah- c n Fgppw
hmb\bpw Adn-bphv lrZ-b
- ns `mj-bn-ep Jp-B\
- ns Bibw e`nnv
AXv c-sNm-cn-nepw Xo{h-hm-Zhpw Cm-bvas
- N-m-\p Bbp-[ambpw, `qan AXns
kp-e-\-n \ne-\nm-\p {Xmkmbpw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-bn-n-s-n hnNmc-Wv tijw Ah-tcbpw apkvenwIsf Ab-p \c-I-n-tev Ab-p--Xmbn-cn-pw. Ah Jp-B-\ns Bibw hmbnv a\-n-emp-Ibpw ap--h-cn-tev
AXns ktiw Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p-I-bp-am-sW-n Jp-B e`n-m--hsc Abp temI-tv \-c-I-a-m asm-cp-tem-I-t-v hnNm-c-Wv-tijw Abp--Xm-Wv. GsXm-cp-h\pw kzK-n-tev Fn-s-S-W-sa-n Jp-B-\ns
Bibw Sn-mbn D]-tbmKsSp-pIXs thWw. AAv-dm^v: 157-158, 175-176
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. CXn-s\mw ]pdsa Hmtcm a\p-jysbpw ]nc-Sn-bn _nnp Iw]yq-dpw, Ah-c-h-cpsS sXmen, tIhn, ImgvN, ssIIm-ep-I Fn-
\lv (16)
519
hbpw, Fm PohPm-e-fpw, `qanbpw Ahs-Xnsc kmyw hln-p--Xm-Wv.

Pohn-X-ns Ggmw L-n-te-v km-Zn-pXn\v -thnbmWv \memw Lamb `qan-bnse \ntbm-K-sav a\-n-emn, Dm-gvN-Zm-b-Ihpw kXyhpw AkXyhpw thXn-cnv a\-n-em-p-X
- n-\p Dc-pw hn]-p-If
- n \nv kwcWw
t\Sp--Xn-\p "apssl-an-\m'bnpsamw Jp-B-\ns Bibw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp--p-hv am{Xta Jp-B A\p-Iq-e-ambn hmZn-p-Ibpw kmyw hln-p-Ibpw
sNp-I-bpp.
"Fm Hmtcm Imcyhpw hy-ambn hni-Zo-Ic-- n-n-pXv' Fv ]d--Xns
hnh; {XnIm-e-m-\n-bpsS {XnIm-e-m-\-amb Jp-B-\n kv]in-m HcpIm-cy-hp-an, Fm Adn-hp-I-fp-sSbpw Dd-hnSw JpB-\m-Wv, {]]-nepw a\p-jycnepw \S-p Hcp Imcy-hpw AXn tcJ-s-Sp-m-Xmbn-n- Fs-m-am-Wv.
Atm {]]--n \S-p GsXmcp Ne-\hpw Amlp Dt-in Bi-bn a\--nem-m Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nv am{Xta km[n-p-I-bp-p.
bpn-m-\hpw kam-\-amb D]-tam-Zm-l-c-W--fp-amb Jp-BXsbpw -a\-nem-m "_n-\'-bmbFmw hni-Zo-I-cn-JpBsImv am{Xta km[n-p-Ibpp. Jp-B-\ns\ a\-n-emm apJ-hp-c-bnse "Jp-B Fv?' F `mKw
hmbn-p-I. Amlp-hns cq]w, kz`mhw, Ncy, Ahs knwlm-k-\-ap ew,
Ahn-tSv Fn-s-Sm-\p amw, ]nimNns cq]w, kz`m-hw, Ncy, ]mnSw,
`qan-bnse Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I XpS-n-bhsbmw Jp-B\n hni-Zo-I-cn-n-pv.
\njv]--hm-\mb Amlp a\p-jys kz`mhw ap-I-bn-. Am-lp-hnsbpw {]hmN-I-sbpw kz`m-h-amb Jp-B-\ns BibwsImv BcmtWm Xs kz`mhw
hnizm-kn-bmb Am-lp-hnsXmn amp-Xv Ahv kam-[m\-amb Amlphns
hon-tev kzmK-Xa
- p-v. Fm Jp-B Inn-bnv AXn-\\
- p-kc
- nv kz`mhw {IasSp-m GsXm-cp-h\pw \ntj-[n-bmb ]nim-Nns cq]-n Ahs Xmh-f-amb
\c-I-n-te-mWv kzmK-Xw. amCZ: 83, A-Bw: 38, lqZv: 120, \lv: 4344, 64
hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
90. \nbw Amlp \oXnsImpw ClvkmsImpw ASphv
\IpXn\pw I]n-p-p. thpw \njnhpw hntZzj-]chp-amb
Imcy-s
- f-smv hntcm-[n-p-Ibpw sNpp. \n lrZ-bw-sImv
Hmanp--Xn-\p-thn Ah \nsf KpWtZm-in-p-I-bmIpp.
\oXnsImpw ClvkmsImp-ap hnh Jp-B-\ns Bibw Xsbm-Wv. An-kmAv: 135 t\mp-I. Jp-B-\ns Bibw sImv hn[n-m--h
Pmln-enm hn[n-bmWv kzoI-cn-p--sXv amCZ: 50 s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbnp-I. Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-bn Xr]vXn-s-Sp-I, Am-lp-hns tIm]-n tIm]np-I, Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-bn \IpI, Am-lp-hns tIm]-n \ImXncn-pI FXphsc Hcmfpw hnizm-kn-bm-hp-I-bn Fv \_n ]Tn-n-n-cn-p-p.
AYhm Jp-B-\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-I am\np Pohn-pI, Bscv \ sNbvXmepw
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
AXns\ AwKo-I-cn-p-I-bpw B \-bn kl-I-cn-p-Ibpw sNpI FXv hnizmkn-bpsS _m[yX-bm-Wv. hnizm-knv hKo-b-X, tZio-b-X, kzm-X, kwL-S-\m]--]m-Xw XpS-n-bh shp-]q-em km[y-a-. Ass: 57 Amlp
]dbpp: BcmWv Am-lp-hns Xr]vXn-bn \Ip-I-bpw, Am-lp-hns tIm]n \Im-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw, Ghpw \-Xns\ kXy-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp--Xv
Atm Ahs Fm-Im-cyhpw \mw Ffp--amn sImSp-p--Xm-Wv. Ah-\mWv
\oXn-]m-en-ph. 810 kq--fn, BcmWv ]nipv ImWn-pI-bpw, Amlp-hns\ adv kzbw ]cym-]vXX \Sn-p-I-bpw, Ghpw \-Xns\ If-hm-pIbpw
sNbvXXv Atm Ahs Fm-Im-cyhpw \mw {]bm-k-ap--Xm-p-Xm-Wv Fpw
]dbppv. bq\pkv: 26-27, Xzmlm: 124 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. ^pJm: 26- Amlp
]dbpp: Jp-B\ns\ Xn--d Bfp-Iv hn[n-Zn-h-kw hfsc {]bm-kIcam-bncn-pw. 27, Jp-Bs\ aqSn-sh A{Ian Av kzbw Xs ssII-Snv ]dbp--XmWv: Hm Fs Iw, Rm dkqens Jp-B-\ns amKw ]np-Sncp-s-n F{X \mbn-cp-ts\ Fv. amCZ: 2, 8 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
520
am-cp-sSbpw t{]cW IqSmsX kzbwt{]cn-X-\mbn \-bn-tev apt-dp--Xn\mWv "Clvkm' Fp-]-d-bp--Xv. \_n ]Tn-n-p-: Clvkm Fp-]-d-m \o
Am-lp-hns\ ImWp--Xp-t]mse, \o Ahs\ ImWp-n-s-nepw Ah \ns
ImWp-pv F t_m[-n \ne-sIm-p-I. A-s\-bp--hv aplvkn\oAm-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p-hFp-]-d-bp-p.
ASp--hv \IpI FXpsImptinpXv Am-lp-hn-t\mSv ASp-hmWv BZyw \tI--Xv FmWv. ]ns IpSpw-_-n \nv ASp-hpw Abhm-kn-Ip-amWv \tI--Xv. IpSpw-_-n\nv ASp--h-cpw
Abhm-kn-Ifpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-sW-n Ahv \Icp-Xv. AhtcmSv JpBsImv PnlmZv sNm-(Xu_: 73 t\mp-I) I]n-n-p--Xn-\mepw, Ahsc
Amlp sImp-I-f-n-cn-p--Xn-\mepw, Ah Am-lp-hn-sbpw hnizm-kn-IfpsSbpw i{Xp-fmb-Xn-\mepw Ahv \I Jp-B-\ns I]-\v hncp-amWv. Fm am-cpsS klm-bhpw e`n-m AXym-h-iy-L--n Amlphns krjvSn-I-fm-Wtm F ]cn-K-W\shp-sImv Ahsc klmbn-mhp-Xm-Wv. AXv Amlphns "]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I' F KpW-hn-ti-js nco-I-cn-em-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm: 112 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
AI-_q-v: 45- Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]d-bpp: BZyw thXv \n\v
Znhy-kt- -ia
- mbn \Inb {Kw {]Xn-Ic
- n-p-sImv ]mcm-bWw sN-em-Wv. ]ns
\a-kvImcw \ne-\np-Ibpw thWw, B \a-kvIm-c-am-h-s, \oNhpw \ny-hp-w AXn{I-a-hp-amb {]hr-n-I-sf-smv XS-bpXmbn-cnWw. a\p-jy-sc lrZ-b-ns
`mj-bn Hmann-p Jp-B-\ns Bibw Xs-bmWv ]c-a-{]-[m\w. hntZzjw
Fv ]d-Xn kz-X, t]mcv, Xmt]m-cn-a, Al-mcw Fo ZpKp-W-sfmw Ds-Sp-p. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fn-emWv AXv IqSp-X ImWp-I. hni-Zo-I-c-Wn\v _Jd: 213, amCZ: 64 t\mp-I. kam-\-amb D]-tam-Zm-l-c-W- a\n-em-
\lv (16)
521
p-Xn\v bq\pkv: 57 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. A-Bw: 151-152, lqZv: 87-88, 114-115,
lnPv: 88 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI
91.
\n Am-lp-hnt\mSv DS-Sn sNbvXm AXv ]qnbm-p-hn.

Am-lp-hns\ kmn-bm-n-smv sNbvX i]-Y-(Icm-dp-I,
DS--Sn-I) AXv Dd-n--tijw \n apdnpIf-b-cp-Xv. \nbw
Am-lp-hns\ \n \n-fp-sS-ta tat\m--m-c-\m-n-bn-pap-v.
\nbw \n {]hn- p- - s Xmw Amlp Adn- b ph
Xsbm-Ip-p.
Am-lp-hpambn sNbvX DS-Sn AAvdm^v: 172-173 hni-Zo-Ic

- n--n-p-v. \n
Am-lp-hnt\mSv DS-Sn sNbvXm Fv ]d-XpsImp hnh {]kvXpX
DS-Sntb-p-dnv Jp-B-\n\nv hmbn--tijw Fm-Wv. dAvZv: 25 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I. _Jd: 27-, {]kvXpX DS-Sn Ip-ap-n-b-Xn-\p-tijw AXns\ apdn-pI-f-bp--h-cmWv sXm-Sn-I-fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
Am-lp-hns\ kmn-bm-n-smv sNbvX i]-Y- AXv Dd-n--tijw
\n apdn-p-I-f-b-cpXv Fp]-d-m, Dd-hpw ab--hp-an-m Am-lp- FmIm--cy-pw kmn-bm-Wv Fv a\nemn-smv krn-I-fp-ambn sNp
Icm-dp-I apdn-p-I-f-b-cp-Xv FmWv. DS--Sn-I apdn-p-I-f-bp--h Am-lp-hns\
]cn-K-Wn-t--hn[w ]cn-K-Wn-m--h-cm--Wv. ABw: 91 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
\nbw DS--Sn-I-sf-p-dnv hn[n-Zn-hkw tNmZn--s-SpIXs sNpw Fv
CkvdmAv: 34 ]d-n-p-v. hnizmkn-I "Amlp Dt-in-m' Fp-]-d-bmsX,
`mhn-bn GsXmcp {]hrnbpw sNpsav hmv sImSp-cp-sX-mWv Ilv^v:
23-- Amlp I]n-n-p--Xv. hnizm-kn-I km[mcW \ne-bn i]Yw sNmdn-, C\n AYhm i]Yw sNp-I-bpw, ]noSv AXv apdn-p-I-ftbnhcnI-bp-amsW-n amCZ: 89- AXns {]mb-nw \ntZ-in-n-p-v.
Am-lphns\ \n-fp-sS-ta Iôtat\m-
- m-c
- Bn-bn-pap-v Fp]-d--Xns hnh-, Amlp \n-fpsS {]h-\--sfmw Adn-bp--h-\mWv
FmWv. Hmtcm-cp-cpw Fhn-sS-bmWv P\n-p-I, Fs-m-amWv {]h-npI,
ico-c
- n\nv `qan-bn F{X ebn-p-tNcpsasmw Hmtcm-cp-c
- psS Imcy-nepw
Xocp-am-\nv Hcp hy-amb {K-n tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p {XnIm-em\n-bmWv
Ah. _Jd: 234,- An-km-Av: 1, 135, Xu_: 54 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
92.
{ia-Ic-ambn _e-tmSp-IqSn Hcp Ib ]ncn--tijw AXns\ ]ncnbpSv ]nn--f--h-sf-tmse \n BIcpXv. kzw i]-Y-sf
]c-kv]cw hn-m-\p D]m-[n-bm-pIbpa-cp-Xv\n-fn Hcp-kapZmbw asmcp kap--Zmbn-t\-m Ahn-ln-X-ambn IqSp-X t\Sm
thn. \nbw Amlp Cu i]-Y
- fpw {]Xn-I
- fpw hgn \nsf
]co-n-p-IbmIpp-. \n GsXmcp hnj-b
- n-emWv `nn-p-sIm-
522
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
n-cp--sXv hn[n-Zn-hkw Ah \nv hni-Zo-I-cnpX-cpXpamWv.
lrZ-b--fpsS Ah Adn-bp {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Am-lp-hns\

kmys-Sp-n-smv sNp {]Xn--Ifpw DS--Sn-I-fp-w apdn-p-I-fbptm
Am-lp-hns\ \ntj-[n-p-Ibpw, Ah\v Dd-tam ab-tam ]nSn-s]-Sp-n Fv
_Jd: 255-mw kq-n ]d-X
- ns\ \ntj-[np-IbpamWv sNp-X
- v. As\
Ah- apivcnp-I-fm-bn amdp-p. inmhs Amlp Hcn-epw s]mdpv sImSpp-I-bn. An-km-Av: 48, 116 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. i]-Y- ewLn-pI hgn
Ah-cpsS {]h-\--sfmw ]mgm-bn-tm-hpp. AXpsIm-mWv cmhnse apX
{ia-I-c-ambn _e-n Ibdv ]ncnp sshIptcw AXv ]ncn-bp-Sv AXns\ ]nn-f kv{Xosb-tmse \n BIcpXv Fp-]d
-
X
- v. AAvd
- m^v: 8-9, 30 hniZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
a\p-jysc `qan-bn \ntbm-Kn--Xns eyw Ah-sc ]co--W-n\v hnt[bampI FXmWv. Am-lp-hns\ Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n Ip-sImv, PohnX-ns Hmtcm \nan-j-s-p-dnpw Ahs apn Dcw ]d-tbnh-cp-sa
t_m[-n \ne-sIm-p--h-cmWv hnizm-knIfmb ap-Jo-. Ah i]Yw
ewLn-m Ah-k-c-ap-m-bmepw, AXp-hgn ùXnIt\w F{XXs Inpsa-nepw
AXns\ Hgn-hmn Am-lp-hp-ambn sNbvX DS-Sn apdp-sI-n-Snv kXy-n Ddv
\np--Xm-Wv. Ah Am-lp-hn-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p Ahs {]Xn-\n-[nI-fm-Wv. Ah Hcn-epw ]nim-Nns Zpjvt{]c-W-Iv hnt[-b-am-hp-I-bn-. _Jd:
155-157, Ben-Cw-dm: 186-187, An-km-Av: 105, 112, amCZ: 94, 100, AAv-dm^v: 201 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I. hnizm-knI kzK-n-tep GI-hgnbmb Bbn-c-n
Hns hgn, Dm-gvN-Zm-b-Ihpw {Xmkpamb Jp-B-\ns Bibw D]-tbm-Knv
Cl-tem-Ip-shpXs sXsc-s-Sp-p--XmWv Fv \lv: 89- hni-Zo-I-c-Wn hmbn-p-I. hn[n-Zn-hkw Xocp-am\w I]n-p--Xn\v Jp-B Xsbmbncnpw Xpem-kmbn D]-tbm-Kn-pIsbv AAvdm^v: 181 hniZo-I-cW-n
]dnp-v. bq\pkv: 108, lqZv: 103 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Bi-ba-- n-msX Jp-B ]mcm-bWw sNp apkvenwI-fmWv Cv temIs-hn-sSbpw Xp-amb ùXnI t\ e`npXn\p-thn hmp-Ifpw Icm-dpIfpw ewLn-p--Xn ap]-n-bn-sev Jp-B\ns Bibw Dc-mbn D]tbm-Kn-p--hv ImWmhp-Xm-Wv. Cu kq--sfmw ]mcm-bWw sNbvXnpw
AXn\nv Hcp ]mT-hp-apsm-msX \a-kvI-cnv t\m-\p-jvSnv lv sNbvXv
]ng-bmbn \c-Ins hnd-Ip-I-fmbn amdp-I-bmWv Ah. AAv-dm^v: 175-176, Xu_:
53-55, 125, dAvZv: 11, 31 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
kqdv An-bm-C C_vdmlow, aqkm, lmdq, eqXv, \qlv, Zmhq-Zv,
kpsseam, Aq-_v, Ckvam-bo, CZvcokv, ZpIn-^ven, bq\pkv, kI-cn-m, blvbm,
adnbw, Cukm XpS--nb-h-sc t]sc-Spv ]dv Ah-scmw Am-lp-hn-\p-thn
\lv (16)
523
am{Xw Pohn-phcpw ]c-tem-I-s-am{Xw eyw sh-p am-ep-fpw k\--fns-hcpw Jp-B-\ns Bibw {]N-cn-n-p--Xn-\p-thn [rXn-s-Sp-hcpw ZuXy-\nh-l-W-n h ]mI-n-ghpw kw`-hn-ptam F BImw-tbmsS Dn-s-bpn `b-sv Am-lp-hn-t\mSv {]mn-p-h
- c
- pw Ahs\ ImWmsX
Iv `b-sv Pohn-p-h
- c
- pam-bn-cp-p Fv ]d-X
- n\ptijw, 92-93 kq-fn,
\nbw \n-fpsS Cu-k-ap-Zmbw FI-k-ap-Zm-b-hpw Rm \n-fpsS DS-abpamIpp.
Atm \n F\nv thn am{Xw Pohn- p- - h - c m- I pI. Fm
Aha\pjy Ah-tcm-Sp I]\ Ahn-S-bn Xpw Xp-ambn apdn-p-Ifp. Fmw \n-tev aS--s-Sp--h Xs-bm-Ip-p Fv ]d-n-pv.
bq\pkv: 19, lnPv: 90, \lv: 2 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Atm hnizm-kn-bm-Im Hmtcm-cp-cpw {ian-t--Xm-Wv. BZw apX
Ay-\m hsc-bp hnizm-kn-I-fpsS GI-kwLw am{Xta kzK-n t]mIp-Ibp-p. Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-nv a\p-jy Ahchsc Xncn--dnv, Pohn-Xeyw Xncndnv, \mSv, kap-Zm-bw, Imew, enwKw, amXm-]n-Xm-, a Fnh
sXsc-s-Sp-m-\p kzmX{yw Hcmpw Csv a\-n-emn, Ah-c-hv
\n- b n- - s - n- p Pohn- X m- h [n kam- [ m- \ - t msSbpw sFIy- t msSbpw
]qnbmn Xncn-p-t]m-IpIbmWv thsXv ]Tn-nv a\p-jy-cpsS sFIyw
Dm-p-Ib
- mWv hnizm-kn-I sNt-Xv. Fm "\n-fn Hcp-kap-Zmbw asmcp
kap--Zmbn-t\-m Ahn-ln-X-ambn IqSp-X t\Sm thn kzw i]-Y-sf
]c-kv]cw hn-m-\p D]m-[n-bm-pIbpa-cp-Xv' Fv ]dXn-\v hn-cp--ambn
IpSpw-_-]-c-ambpw kmap-Zm-bn-I-]-c-ambpw kwL-Snv ù-Xn-I-t\--mbn hne-t]i CkvemanI hncp-a
- m-W.v ABw: 158-159, C_vdmlow: 52 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
93.
Amlp Dt-in-n-cp-p-sh-n \nsf Hkap-Zmbw Xs Bpam-bn-cp-p. Fm Ah-\p-t-in-p--hsc Ah hgn-tI-Sn-em-p-Ibpw Ah-\p-t-in-phsc Ah kamK-n-em-p-Ibpw sNpp.
\n-bw, \n {]hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xn-s\-p-dnv \n
Hmtcm-cp-cpw tNmZyw sN-s-SpIXs sNpw.
C_vdm-low: 1, 22, \lv: 37 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. k_-Av: 24- Amlp

\_n-tbmSv tNmZn-m Bh-iy-s-Spp: BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn\nv \nsf Xon-tm-p-Xv BcmWv? ]d-bpI: Am-lp-hm-Wv. Atm \nbw R, As-n
\n kamK-ntem As-n hy-amb hgn-tI-Sntem BWv. 25-,
RfpsS {`mn-s\-p-dnv \n tNmZn--s-Sp-I-bn-, \n-fpsS {]h-\-sf-p-dnv R-fpw tNmZnsSp-I-bn-. 26, \psS \mY \msa-m-h-scbpw
Hcp-an-p-Iq-p--Xpw, tijw Jp-BsImv \ap-n-S-bn Xocp-am\w I]n-p-Xp-amWv. Ah Ghpw \mbn Xocp-am\w I]n-p k-m\n Xsbtm.
kamKhpw ZpamKhpw Hmtcm Bmhn\pw Amlp sImSp-n-p-v. ]ns
Ahv cmsemcp amKw sXsc-s-Sp-m\p kzmX-{yhpw \In. Atm
524
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
_Jd: 185, bqkp^v: 111, \lv: 64 kq-fn ]d kamK-am-b Jp-B\ns Bibw D]-tbm-K-s-Spn, {km-hns\ lrZ-bw-sImv -Iv Ncn-phcpw,
]Xn-\v hb-n-\p-ti-j-ap Pohn-X-ns Hmtcm \nan-js-p-dnpw \msf
Ahs apn H-sm--mbn Dcw ]d-tb-n-h-cp-sa t_m[-n \ne-sImp--h-cp-amWv kamK-n-ep--Xv. Am-h-scmw ZpamKnepw \-s-h-cp-am-Wv. Cu cv hn`m-K-sbpw thXn-cn-m-\p D]-I-c-W-amWv Xpem-kmb,
kXym-kXy Dc--m-b, Dm-gvN-Zm-b-I-amb Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw. ^mnl: 4,
Ankm-Av: 174-175, bq\pkv: 99100, lqZv: 6, 118-119 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI.
94.
\n-fpsS {]Xn--I \nn-S-bn ]c-kv]cw hnv t\-apm-m-\p D]m-[n-bm--cp-Xv Atm \n-fpsS Im Dd--tijw
hgp-Xn-tm-hm-\pw, Am-lp-hns amK-s-smv P\-sf XS-psh Ip-ns Zpjv^-e- \nsf cpNn-n--s-Sm\pw CS-bmIpw. \nv hn in e`n-pXp-am-Wv.
Icm ewLn-p-I, hmv ]men-m-Xn-cn-p-I, hniz-kn-m hn-p-I, Ifhv

]d-bpI XpS-nb kz`m-h
- s
- fmw I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-If
- p-tS-Xm-Wv. hnizm-kn-I Acw
kz`m-h-fpambn Pohnm ap P\- Ah \ne-sIm-p Ckveman-tev
hcn-I-bn-. Ckvemam-hs, {kmhv Ahs samw krn-Iv Xr]vXn-s
Pohn-X-kw-ln-X-bm-Wv. Ckvemans\ P\-a-[y-n If-hm-n Ah-X-cn-npI hgn
Am-lp-hn-s amK-n \nv P\-sf XS-Xn\p inIqSn Ccw I]Shn- i zmkn- I fmWv hln- t - n- h - c nI. I]- S - h n- i zm- k n- I sf ClnXs
cp{]mhiyw inn-p-sa-pw, ]c-n Ahsc AXn-I-Tn-\-amb in-bn-tev
Xn-hn-Sp-sapw Xu_: 55, 101 kqfpsS hni-Zo-Ic
- W
-
- n hmbn-p-I. Xu_:
94, 125, lqZv: 18-19, Alv: 24-25 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Fm Cv temI-s-hn-sSbpap apkvenwIn-S-bn Jp-B-\ns Hcpkqwt]mepw {]mtbm- K nI Pohn- X - n ]In- m- W m- - X n- \ memWv
AapkvenwI, Jp-B F ]Ztam apl-Zv F t]tcm tIm CjvS-sSm--Xv. AAv-dm^v: 157-158 kq-v hncp--ambn apl-Zv \_n-bpw Jp-B\pw apkvenwIv am{X-apXm-bn-mWv Ah {]N-cn-n-p--Xv. AXv sImp-Xs-bm-Wv Cukm-\_n h-Xn-\p-tijw Ahsc h[nv Xu_: 123s I]\
\Sn hcp-p--Xpw.
95.
\n Am-lp-hp-ambn sNbvX DS-Sn Ipd-- hn-ev hn-cp-Xv.

\n-bw, \n Adn-hp--h-cm-sW-n Am-lp-hns ]-ep-XmWv \nv Ghpw D-aw.
henb hnev hnm-sav CXn-\-an-. \izc-amb, Xp-amb ùXnI

t\-p-thn imiz-X-amb ]c-temIw \-s-Sp--cpXv FmWv hnh-.
kzK-n krjvSnv a\p-jysc `qanbn-tev \ntbm-Kn-Xv Am-lp-hm-Wv. Ahs
\lv (16)
525
apn am{Xta Pohn-Xspdnv Dcw ]d-tb--Xpp, F-msX {]hm-N-It\mtSm alm-m--tfmtSm ]WvUn-X-]p-tcm-ln-Xam-tcmtSm t\Xm-am-tcmtSm
amXm-]n-Xm--tfmtSmkrjvSn-I-tfm-Sm-tcmSpw Xstbm Dcw ]d-tb--Xn
FmWv Jp-B\
- ns Bibw ]Tn-n-p-X
- v. Jp-B Am-lp-hn\nv hXpw
Ah-\n-tevXs Dh-enbp--Xp-am-Wv. AAv-dm^v: 170 t\mp-I. Jp-B sXfnhmbn D-cn-m Ign-bm Hcp {]h-\hpw AhnsS kzoI-cn-p-I-bn FmWv
"\n _plmsX-fn-hvsImp-h-cnI' Fv _Jd: 111- ]d--Xns hnh.
Jp-B kq- Ipd hnev hn-cpXv, AXv aqSn-sh--cpXv, AXv P\v shfn-hm-n-sIm-Sp-Ww Fv Ben-Cw-dm: 187-- epw, Jp-B kq aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw Ipd hnev hnp-Ibpw sNp--h Ah-cpsS hb-dpI-fn Xo BWv \nd-p--sXv _Jd: 174 epw ]d-n-p-v. AAv-dm^v: 102,
bqkp^v: 108, dAvZv: 14 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
96.
\n-fpsS ]-ep-Xv Xop-t]m-Ip--Xpw Am-lp-hns ]-epXv Fspw Ah-ti-jn-p--Xp-am-Wv. \n-bw, \mw am-epv Cl-nse Ah-cpsS Ghpw \ {]hrn t\mn {]Xnêw \Ip--Xp-am-Wv.
Pohn-X-eyw a\-n-em-nb hnizm-kn-I Ah-cpsS CltemIw ]c-tem-In-tep Irjn-bn-S-amn amp--Xm-Wv. AhcpsS bYm PohnXw XpS-p-Xv ac-W-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmbXp-sImv Ah Ah-cpsS hnfhv Bkz-Zn-m ac-Wwhsc a-tbmsS Imn-cn-p--hcpamWv. Cu eyw kmm-XvI-cn-p-Xn\v
thn P\-sf t_m[-hcnm\pXIp, Bm-hns `-Whpw hkv{X-hpamb Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-I-bpw ]Tn-np-Ibpw sN-em-Wv "Ghpw \
{]hrn'. lqZv: 88 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-pI. AXn-\p-thn k Ign-hp-Ifpw Ah
D]-tbm-K-s-Spp-Xm-Wv. kpa: 33-35 Amlp ]d-bpp: BmtWm
kXywJp-B hp-In-p-I-bpw, AXns\ kXy-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv, Aq am{X-am-Ipp ap-Jo-. Ahv X-fpsS \mYs ] Ah-cp-t-in-p-sX-m-ap-v. AXmWv Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p--hp {]Xn-êw.
Ah-cpsS No {]hr-n-I-sfmw Ah-sc-smv ambvp-I-f-bp--Xpw, Ah Cltem-Iv {]hn-p-sIm-n-cp Ghpw \ {]hrn t\mn Ahv {]Xnêw sImSp-p--Xp-amWv. Xu_: 82, 100, lqZv: 15-16 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
97.
BWmbn-cn--s As-n s]m-bn-cn--s, BcmtWm kIw

{]hn-p-XvAh hnizm-kn-bp-amWv, Fn \mw Ahs\ ]cnip--am-sbmcp PohnXw Cln Xs Pohnnp-Xpw, Ah
ChnsS {]hn-p sIm-n-cp Ghpw \ {]hrn t\mn \mw
Ahv ]ctemIv {]Xn-êw \Ip-Xp-am-Wv.
Ah Cl-n {]hn Ghpw \ {]hrn t\mn Ahv {]Xnêw sImSp-p-sav XpS-bmbn hn-p cv kq- ChnsSbmWv.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
AI_q-v: 7 Amlp ]d-bpp: kXy-hn-izmkw kzoI-cn-p-I-bpw kI A\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw sNp--hv Ah-cpsS Xn-I \mw ambvp-I-f-bpXpw,
Ah {]hn-p-sIm-n-cp Ghpw \ {]hrn t\mn \mw {]Xnêw
sImSp-p-X
- p-amWv. ^pkzn-e
- v: 2627, Cu Jp-B \n tIcp-Xv, \n
A]-i--ap-mn AXv tI]n-p-Xv XS-bpI Fp]dbp Im^n-dp-Isf \mw
AXnITn\amb in cpNn-n-pI Xs sNpw, Ah ChnsS {]hn-p-sImn-cp Ghpw Zpjn {]hrnt\mn \mw {]Xn-êw sImSp-p--Xp-amWv Fp]-d-n-p-v. Ghpw \ {]hrn Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-I-bpw ]Tn-npI-bp-amWv. Ghpw Zpjn {]hrn Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-s-smv XS-bp I]S-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-tS-Xpw, Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-m {ian-msX Jp-B\ns
ico-cs Xnv Xop-- ^mPn-dp-I-fp-tS-Xp-am-Wv. Ch cpIqcpw tNXmWv
{`mamapPvcnwI. bq\p-kv: 17 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Xu_: 84-85 {]Imcw
I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-I hnNm-cW
- b
- n-msX \c-I
- n- t]mIp-h
- c
- pw kp-a: 59, 71 {]Imcw
^mPn-dp-I-fmb Im^n-dp-I hnNm-c-W-p-tijw \c-I-n-tev sXfn--s-Sp--hcpam-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm: 79 AAvdm^v: 96, 146-147, Xu_: 73, 124125, bqkp^v: 111,
C{_mlow: 2122 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
526
Ben-Cw-dm: 145- {]Imcw, Am-lp-hns kXw IqSmsX Hcmpw acnm km[n-p-I-bn Fv ]d-n-p-v. "Am-lp-hns kXw' sImpt-inp-Xv Amlphns kwkm-chpw Ncy-bp-amb Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-am-Wv. Jp-B\ns Bibw D-h-cpsS acWw AhX-s-bmWv \n-bn-p--Xv. AhX-sbmWv Jp-B-\ns\ apssl-an-\mbnIm-p-kq-n-p--Xmbn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-Xv. bq\pkv: 62-64, bqkp^v: 53, lnPv: 99 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
98. Ftm \o Jp-B hmbn-pIbm-sW-nepw i]n--s ]nim-Nn
\nv Am-lphn icWw tXSp-I.
a\p-jys\ `qan-bn-te-v \ntbm-Kn--Xns eyw a\-n-em-p-I, Ah-c-hsc
Xncn--dn-bp-I, {km-hns\ Is-p-I, ]nim-Nns\ Xncn--dn-bp-I, c-sm-cn-nepw \mi-hp-anmsX `qansb AXns kp-e-\-n \ne-\npI XpS-nb
ey--sfmw ]qn-bm-Ip-Xv Jp-B-\ns Bibw sImm-Wv. a\p-jyv
kzK-n-tev Xs Xncnpt]mIm-\p Sn-mWv Jp-B\
- ns samw Bibw.
Atm Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n \nmWv a\p-jys\ ]nimNv XS-bp-I. Amlp
Dt-in coXn-bn Jp-B-\ns Bibw a\-n-em-p--Xn\v ]nim-Nns\smv,
Ahsbpw Fmn-sbpw DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hn-t\mSv icWw tXS-W-sa-mWv
kqw I]n-p--Xv. Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw-sImv Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n
kqnv Ftmgpw Am-lp-hp-ambn _-sv \ne-sIm-p-h-cmWv ap-Jo-.
^mn-l-bpsS apJ-hpc, ^mnl: 4, lnPv: 6, 9, 12 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
apAv a n\q: 97- 98 kq- - f n Amlp \_n- t bmSv {]mn- m
I]npp: Fs \mYm, ]nim-Np--fpsS {]tem-`-\--sf-smv Rm \nn
\lv (16)
527
A`bw tXSp-p, Fs \mYm, B ]nim-Np- Fs kao-]n-p--Xn-s\-smpw

Rm \nn A`bw tXSp-p. bq\p-kv: 15-16, dAvZv: 25-29 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
99. \nbw, X-fpsS \mY-\n kkzw `c-ta]n hnizm-kn-I-fp-sSta Ah-\v bmsXmcp kzm[o-\-hp-an-.
hnizm-kn-I Pnp-I-fp-sSbpw a\p-jy-cp-sSbpaSw F-m-n-sbpw DS-a-bmbn
Am-lp-hns\ a\-n-em-n-b-h-cpw, Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw-sImv Ah-chcpsS PnvIq-p-Im-cs\ hnizm-kn-bm-p-hc
- p-am-Wv. ABw: 112 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mp-I. hnizmknI `qan-bn Am-lp-hns {]mXn-\n[yw hln-p--h-cm-bXpsImv Ahs
{]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmb, \njvI-f--cmb ASn-a-I-fmb hnizmknIfpsSta ]nimNn\v
bmsXmcp kzm[o-\hpw A[n-Im-chpw Dm-bn-cn-p-I-bn FmWv Amlp
]Tnnp-Xv. An-km-Av: 78-79, Xu_: 129, C_vdm-low: 22 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
100. \nbw Ah\v kzm[o\-ap-Xv, Ahs\ cm-[n-Im-cnbmbn kzoI-cnp-hcnepw, Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn Ahs\ ]ptNp-hcnep-am-Wv.
\nbw ]nim-Nn\v A[nImc-ap-Xv Am-lp-hn \nv ]nn-cn--h-cnepw,
Ahs A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp--h-cn-ep-amWv Fpw Bi-b-ap-v.
AAvdm^v: 27-30, 175, A^m: 24, bqkp-^v: 24, 106-108, lnPv: 4044 hni-ZoIcWw t\mpI.
101. Hcp kq-ns m\v asmcp kqw \mw ]Icw sImp-hm Ah FmWv Cdp--sXv Amlp-hn\v \mbn Adnbmw-\nbw Cu Jp-B \o sIn-a
-
- p-m-n-bX
- m-sWv Ah]dbp-p. A; Ah-cn A[n-I-t]cpw Adn-hn-m--h-cmIpp.
_Jd: 106-108, AAvdm^v: 52, bq\pkv: 37-38, lnPv: 90, 99, \lv: 89, 94
hniZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
102. ]d-bpI: ]cn-ip-m-m-hmWv \ns \mY-\n\nv AXns\ eytm-SpIqSn Ah-X-cn-nnp--Xv AXp-sImv hnizm-kn-Isf ncs-Sp-p--Xn-\pthn, kkzw kan--hv kamKhpw
ip`hmZm-b-I-hp-am-bnsm-pw.
ChnsS ]cm- a in apkv e nwkkzw Am- l p- h n\v kan- - h
JpB\ns samw Bi-bw-sImv hnizm-kw cq]-s-Sp-n Jp-B-\ns hn[nhn-e-p-I ]n]n Pohn-p ap-Jn-bpw, Am-lp-hns\ IpsImv Ncnp
aplvkn\pw, Am-lp-hn\v a\-m--hm-Nm--IWm kan apJv_n-p-am-Wv. apJhp-c-bnse FmWv Jp-B? F `mKw, _Jd: 2, bqkp^v: 53, dAvZv: 27, \lv:
528
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
103. \nbw Cu Jp-B \n\v ]Tn-np Xcp-Xv Hcp a\p-jy-\msWv
Ah ]-d-bp-Xv \mw Adn-n-p-v. Ah Btcm]n-phs
`mj-bm-Is A\d-_n-bm-Ip-p. CXmIs, hy-amb Ad_n `mjbn-ep-XpamIpp.
^pkzn-ev: 40-, \n-bw, \psS kq--sf ey-n\nv sXn-p-h \n\nv ad-p-\np--h-scm-p-a-. Atm \c-I-n hen-s-dnb-s-Sp Hcp-h-\mtWm, AtXm Ay-\m-fn kpc-n-X-\mbn hcp--h-\mtWm
D-a. \n Dt-in--{]-Imcw {]hn-psIm-p-I. \nbw Ah \n
{]hn-p--sXmw hon-psIm-ncnp--h-\m-Ip-p Fv ]d-n-pv.
AAvdm^v: 50-51, 180, bqkp-^v: 12, 111, C_vdm-low: 4 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
104. \nbw Am-lp-hns kq--sImv hniz-kn-m-- Iqsc
Amlp kamK-n-tev \bn-p-I-bn-, Ahv thZ-\m-P-\-Iamb in-bpamWp--Xv.
\lv: 37 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mp-I. bq\pkv: 57- ]d, a\p-jyv samw
KpW-tZm-jhpw s\p-Ip-nse kwi-b-v ia-\-hp-w hnizm-kn-Iv
kamKhpw Imcp-Wy-hp-amb Jp-B-\ns Bibw; hp-In-n-bnv ]n]-t-hn[w ]n]-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw ap--hv D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m \Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw
sNp--hsc Amlp kamK-n-tev \bn-p-I-bn-sv am{X-a-, Ahv
thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-bp-amWp-sX-mWv ap-dn-bnv \Ip--Xv. AhsXn-cm-bnv Ah ]mcmbWwsNbvX Jp-B hmZn-p-I-bpw kmn \npIbpw
sNp--Xm-Wv. Jp-B-\nse 6236 kq--fpsS Bibw Fm-sWv a\-n-emn
Jp-B-\ns hntcm-[- hn-m--h Jp-B-\n hniz-kn--h-c-sv \_n
]Tn-n-n-p-v. Jp-B-\ns Bibw lrZ-bw-sImv a\-n-em-m-\mWv Ghpw
Ffp--am-nbnp--sXv kqd: Ja-dn \mev {]mhiyw Bhnv ]d-n-p-v.
Jp-B\
- ns Bi-ba
- n-mXpsIm-v, Bmhv ]s-Sp-m Ah-cpsS \a-kvImcw
t]mep I--sfmw Ahs-Xn-cm-bnv kmywhln-pXpam-Wv. \lv:
105. \nbw, Am-lp-hns kq-sImv hniz-kn-m--h-cmWv
Iw sIn--av ]d-bp-h Aq- Xs-bm-Ipp Iw ]d-bp-h.
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I hmb Xpd-m If-h-msX ]d-bp-I-bn-sv \_n ]Tn-nn-p-v. Ah Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-samw Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p--h-cpw, Bi-ban-msX Jp-B- ]mcm-bWw sNbvXmepw ]pWy-w In-p-sa "Ghpw henb Ifhv'
]d-bp--h-cp-am-Wv. AXp-hgn Ah Am-lp-hnsbpw hnizm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw i{Xp-
\lv (16)
529
fm-bn-cn--pIbm-Wv. Ah amen-\yamsW-pw, Ahv JpB amen-\y-n-\pta amen-\y-a-msX hnn-p-I-bn-spw Xu_: 95, 125 kq--fn ]d-np-v. AAvdm^v: 27, 175176, Xu_: 67-68, 107, dAvZv: 31, \lv: 94 hni-Zo-IcWw
t\mpI.
106. Xs hnizm-k-n-\p-tijw BcmtWm Am-lp-hn-s\-smv \ntj[n-p-Xv\n_-n-Xm-h--bnsemgnsI, Ahs lrZbw hnizm-kw
sImv kwXr-]vX-amb Ah--bnep-am-WvFm BcpsS s\p-IfmtWm \ntj-[w sImv hnim-e-ambXv, Atm Ah-cp-sS-taemWv
Am-lp-hn \np tIm]-apXv, Ahv hn in-bpamWp-Xv.
lrZ-b-n hnizm-k-ap-m-bn-cns \n_-n-Xm-h--bn \ntj[w {]ISn-n-p-I-bm-sW-n Ah Bt-]ml-c-, Ah hnizm-kn-I Xsbm-Wv.
Fm lrZ-b-n hnizm-k-an-msX hmb-sImv hnizm-kn-I-fm-sWv ]d-bp,
]d-bp-Xv {]hn-m I]-S-hn-izm-k-nIfpsS taemWv Am-lp-hns tIm]-ap-Xv. Ahv hn in-bp-am-Wp--Xv. ^mnl: 7, "\o tIm]n--s--hcpsS amK-n-e' Fp-]-d-bp-tm Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sf-bmWv a\-n
ImtW-Xv. Ccw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Jp-B-kq- Am-lp- Dt-in
Bi-b
- n\v hncp-a
- mbn D-cn-p-h
- c
- pw, X-fpsS Bibw Ddnp-X
- n\pthn
kq- `mKn-Iambn Dcnv _mn D-cnmsX aqSn-sh-p-h
- c
- p-am-Wv. Acw
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS JpXp-_, {]`m-jWw XpS-n-bh tIn-cn-p--h Im^n-dpIfpamWv. Ch cp-Iq--scbpw Amlp \c-I-n Hcp-an-q-Iq-p-Xm-sWv Ankm-Av: 140- ]d-n-pv. ChcpsS \a-kvIm-ctam ap A\p-jvSm\ I-tfm
Hpw kzoI-cn-p-I-bn-s-pw, Ch \c-I-n-tev hnNm-c-W-bn-msX t]mIp-h-cm-sWpw An-km-Av: 142-145, Xu_: 53-54 kq-fn ]d-n-p-v. Xu_:
73, 80, dAvZv: 25, \lv: 104 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
107. AXn\v ImcWw \nbw Ah ]c-tem-I-n\p-ta -ùXnI PohnXs C-s-XmWv. \nbw Ccw \ntj-[n-I-fmb Hcp P\-Xsb
Amlp kamK-n-tev \bn-p-I-bpan.
Pohn-X-eyw \jvS-s I]-S-hnizmkn-I Am-lp-hn-s\bpw ]c-tem-Isbpw hnkva-cn-p-sImv ùXnI Pohn-X-n m\hpw {]uVnbpw At\z-jnp-- a\p-jy-n-im-Np--fmWv. Ah CltemI-n-tev thn kzKw ]Wn-bph-cpw Chn-sS-Xs AXv Bkz-Zn-p--h-cp-am-Wv. Jp-B-\ns Bibw Adnnv aqSn-sh-p P\-Xsb Amlp kamKn-tep \bn-p-Ibpan F
Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv amCZ: 67 Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. Ah-cpsS CwKnXw km[nnp--Xn-\p-th-n-bmWv Ah-km-\-Im-ev ]nimNv, ako-lp-m-ens cq]-n
]pd-s-Sp--Xv. AAvdm^v: 175-176, Xu_: 23-24, 123, C_vdm-low: 23 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
108. Aq--cpsS lrZ-b-fpsSbpw tIhn-IfpsSbpw ImgvN-IfpsSbpw
taemWv Amlp ap{Z-shnpXv. Aq- am{X-amIpp {]-b-hcpw.
530
109. kwi-ba
- n-, \nbw Ah Xs-bm-Wv ]c-tem-I
- n \-s-h
- cpw.
Aq- Xs-bmWv {]-b--h Fp]-d--Xv, Jp-B-\ns Bi-bwsImv DWn-bnpw DW-cmsX Ddw \Sn-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sf-p-dn-mbXn-\m, Ah ey-t_m[w \shcpw AAvdm^v: 175- ]d Kzmho-fpam-Wv. AAvdm^v: 177179, 205, bq\pkv: 7, \lv: 104105 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
110. ]ns \ns \mY]co-ns-X
- n\ptijw Hfn-tm-Sn-tmIp-Ib
- pw,
ey- { ]m- ] v X n- p- t hn XymK]cn- { ia \SpI- b pw, a
ssIsmpIbpw sNp-h-tcmSv \nbw AXn-\p-tijw \ns
\mY Gsdsmdp-p-- Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n Xs-bm-Wv.
]co-ns--Xn\ptijw Hfn-tm-Sn-tmIp-I-bpw, ey-{]m-]vXn-p-thn
XymK]cn-{ia \SpI-bpw, a ssIsmpIbpw sNp-hv \ns
\mY s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p--XmWv Fp-]-d--Xn-s hnh-; ]mem-b\w sNbvXv,
PnlmZv sNbvXv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Iq-n Fn-s-m am{Xw t]mc, B FnsSen\ptijhpw PnlmZv sNp-I-bpw ]co--W-n\v hnt[-b-am-Ip-tm a
ssIsImpIbpw Ddv \np- I bpw sN- W - s a- m- W v . _Jd: 155- 157
hnizmknItfmSv \n ]co-W
-
- n\v hnt[-am-hpIXs sNp-sav ]d-npv.
Cv ]mem-b-\-tam bptam Hp-an-, adnv Jp-B aqSn-sh-p I]-S-hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw AXv Fn-\m-sWv a\-n-em-m {ian-m Ip^v^m-dp-I-tfmSpw
AXpsImp PnlmZv am{XamWp--Xv. A^m: 72, Xu_: 73, 100 t\mp-I.
111. Fm Hmtcm Bmhpw kz-s-p-dnv Xn-p-sImv h-cp
Hcp\m! Av Hmtcm Bm-hn\pw Ah {]hn-Xv ]q-ambn
\Is-Sp-X
- pamWvAhtcmSv A]w-t]mepw A\oXn ImWn-sSp-Xp-a-.
kzKhpw \c-I-hp-samw Hmtcm Bmhpw km-Zn-p--Xm-sWv Cu
kqhpw ]Tnnpp. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-amWv samw Pohn-X-n IqSp-X
I-Xpw tI-Xpw hmbn--Xp-sa-n AhcpsS {]h\ dnmUv he-XpI-n
e`n-p--Xpw, Ah hnNm-c-W-p-tijw kzK-n-tev \bn--s-Sp--Xp-am-Wv.
Ilv^v: 49, Pmknb: 28-31 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Ben-Cw-dm: 30, lqZv: 103, dAvZv: 11,
\lv: 89 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
112. kpc-n-X-Xzhpw imn-bpw \ne-\n-n-cp Hcp \mSns DZm-l-cWw
Amlp FSp-p-c
- n-p-p. AXns `-Wh
- n-`h
-
- AXn\v \m\m-
\lv (16)
531
`mKp\npw btYw hp-sIm-n-cp-p. Fm AXv Amlphns A\p-{Kl-tfmSv \n-tISv ImWnp, Atm Ah DXv]mZn-n-p-sIm-n-cp--Xn-s {]Xnêambn B \mSns\ Amlp hni-nsbpw `b-n-sbpw hkv{Xw cpNnnp.
`qan-bpsS tI{-amb a-bmWv Cu \mSpsImp-t-in-p--Xv. C_vdmlow
\_n-bpsS {]m-\-bpsS ê-ambn temI-ns hnhn[ `mK--fn \np
`-W-hn-`-h- Ahv e`n-p-sIm-n-cpp. C_vdm-low: 37 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI. Fm Ben-Cw-dm: 103mw kqn ]d-bp--Xp-t]mse Ah
\in-n--s-tS L-n-se-n-b-tm temI-n\v samw ImcpWyambn
Amlp apl-Zv \_nsb ImcpWyamb Jp-B-\pw-sImv Ab-p-I-bp-m-bn.
AA-vdm^v: 157-158 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. Fm Aq, Jp-B-s\bpw \_nsbbpw Xn--d-bp-I-bpw aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw sNbvX-tm Amlp B \mpImsc
hni-n-sbpw `b-n-sbpw hkv{X-a-Wn-bn-p. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-w Bmhns
hkv{XamsWv AAvdm^v: 26- ]d-n-pv. AXns\ Xn--d-Xp-sIm-v
Ahsc hni-n-sbpw `b-nsbpw hkv{Xw "DSp-np' Fp-]dbpXn\v ]Icw
"cpNn-np' Fp-]-d-Xn \npw Jp-B-\ns Bibw Bm-hns hkv{XamsW-Xv t]mse `-W-hp-amWv Fv a\-n-emmw. lqZv: 88 hni-Zo-I-cWw
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. "Ah {]hn-p-sIm-n-cp-Xns' Fp-]d
- b
- m-sX, "Ah DXv]mZn-n-p-sIm-n-cp--Xns' Fp-]-d--Xn\npw Ah-cpsS {]h-\-v
am{X-a-, Ah-cpsS ]nKm-an-Iv Ah hnt-p-t]m-Ip ss]Xr-I--fpsS tIm-fpwIqSn ]cn-K-Wn-mWv Ahsc hni-n-sbpw `b-nsbpw hkv{Xw cpNnn-Xv Fm-Wv. AAvdm^v: 96-, 102, bqkp^v: 53 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
Cv `qanbn c-sm-cn-nepw Ie-l--fp-an-m-Xmn imnbpw kam-[m\hpw \ne-\nm D]-bp--amb Jp-B-\ns Bibw, kzbw D]-tbm-Kn-m-Xncn-p-I-bpw, ap--hv D]tbm-Kn-m \Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp P\-X-sb
Amlp kpJn-m-\pw Bm-Zn-m\pw hnn-cn--bm-sWv A-Bw: 42-45 kq-fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-n \nv a\-n-em-mw. Cu P\-X-bpsS B{Klw km[n-np-sIm-Sp-p--Xn-\pth-n ]nimNv a\p-jy-cq-]-n- ako-lp--membn hcp-Xpw
Ckvemans\ ]qambn ambvp-I-f-bp--Xp-am-Wv. tijw Cukm\_n hcp--Xpw
ako-lp--mens\ h[nv, Ip^vdns\ ambvp-I-fv sISmt]mIp temI-n\v
aplZv \_n-sb Imcp-Wy-hm-\mbn ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p-Xpam-Wv(A-n-bm-Av: 107).
temIw hopw Ccp-fp-I-bpw Fm-hcpw A{I-an-Ifpw I]-S-hn-izmknIfpam-bn amdpIbpw sNp-tm- temIw Ah-km-\n-p-Xp-am-Wv. An-km-Av: 155-159, AAvdm^v:
3740, dAvZv: 31 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
113. \nbw Ahv Ah-cn\np Hcp {]hm-N-I hp-I-gnp.
Fm Atls Ah Xn--dp If-hm-n. As\ Ah
A{I-an-I-fm-b-tm in Ahsc _m[n-p.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
kPZ: 21 {]Imcw henb in-Iq-SmsX sNdnb sNdnb in-I Rm
Ahsc cpNn-n-pw A-h Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n-tev Xncn-p-h-cp--Xn-\p-thn
Fv ]d--Xp-t]m-ep in-bm-Wv ChnsS ]dbpXv. AAv-dm^v: 174, A^m:
32-33, bqkp-^v: 110, Alv: 33-36 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
532
114. Atm Amlp \nt-Inb A\p-h-Z-\o-b-hpw ]cn-ip-hp-amb

`-Wh
- n-`h
- \n Xnp-Ib
- pw, Ahs A\p-{K-l
- v \n{]-IS- n-n-p-Ibpw sNphn \n Ah-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-pAhs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-sW-n.
^mnl: 4 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I. Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn Pohnp hnizm-kn-I A\p-h-Z-\o-bhpw ]cn-ip--hp-amb `-W-hn-`-h am{Xsa
D]-tbm-Kn-p-I-bp-q. Amlp ]cn-ip--\mWv. ]cnip-am-bXv am{Xta Ah
kzoIcn-p-I-bp-q. Bm-hns `-Whpw hkv{X-hp-amb Jp-B-\ns Bibw
{Xmkmbn D]-tbm-K-s-Spn A\p-h-Z-\o-bhpw ]cn-ip--hp-amb `Ww D]-tbm-Knp--hp-am-{Xta ]cn-ip--amb Jp-B-\ns Bibw a\-n-em-hp-I-bp-q.
\njnamb `Ww Ign- p- I bpw ap- - h sc AXn\nv ]nn- c n- n- mXncnpIbpw sNp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifmb ]WvUnX]ptcm-ln-Xamv JpB-\ns Bibw a\-n-em-Im-Xv AXp-sIm-m-Wv. Xu_: 34 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI. ]cn-ip--amb hN\w hnv `n-p--h-scmw X-fpsS hb-dp-I-fn Xo
BWv \nd-p--sXv _Jd: 174- ]d-n-p-v. ]nim-Nns Im]m-Sp-I-fn-eqsS
t\Sp--sXmw \njn-hpw tO-hp-am-Wv. Ah A\p-h-Z\o-bamIp-Ibn-. _Jd:
168, 188 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-pI.
A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-b-sXmw ]cn-ip--am-bn-sm--W-sa-n-. DZm-l-c-W-ambn,
{]Ir-Xn-n-W-phn[-n Irjn-sN-bvXp-m-p [m\y-, ]g-hK-,
]--dn-I apX-embh A\p-h-Z-\o-bhpw ]cn-ip-hpamWv. Fm Ir{Xn-a-amb
coXn-bn AXyp]m-Z\w Dt-inv Aan-X-ambn cmk-h-f-fpw IoS-\m-in-\n-Ifpw
D]-tbm-Knv Irjn-sN-bvXp-m-ph A\p-hZ- \
- o-ba
- m-sWnepw ]cn-ipamhp-Ibn.
tlmtam Ipn-shpw, Ir{Xn-a-ambn coXn-bn {]Xyp]m-Z\w \S-nbpw, Ir{Xna-amb `-W-w \Inbpw hf-s-Sp-- tImgn, BSv apX-em-b-h-bpsS amwkw,
ap, ]m XpS-nbh A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-sW-nepw ]cnip-am-hp-I-bn-. AXp-t]m-ses A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-b sXmgn sNbvXv ifw]n Pohn-p--h-cpsS hcp-am\hpw
]cnip-am-hp-I-bn-. Fm AXv Irjn-bn-te-n-dn ]cn-ip--am-m km[n-p-Xm--Wv. Ah-km-\-Im-ev \n Irjn-bn-tev aS--W-samWv \_n ]Tn-nn-pXv. Cv hyh-km-bneq-sSbpw I-h-S-n-eq-sSbpw t\Sp- h-cp-am\w Ankm-Av: 29mw kq-n\v hncp-amb-Xn-\mepw ùXn-I-Po-hn-X-ns Ae-m-c-fn apgp-Im-\p Xzc h[n-n-p-sa--Xn-\mepw ]cn-ip--amhpI-bnsv am{X-a
A\p-h-Z-\o-bw t]mepa. A-Im-kp: 18 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. amCZ: 100, AAv-dm^v:
\lv (16)
533
hnizm-kn-I \a-kvIm-c-n "A-lnmn\v' IqSn-m-gvN-v -thn
{]Im-i-amb Jp-B-\ns Bibw hml-\-ambn D]-tbm-Knv kzK-n t]mbn
"Fm- Xncp-apm-gvNI
- fpw Am-lp-hn-\mWv, \a-kvIm-c
- fpw ]-cn-ip-a
- m-bsXpw'
FmWv Am-lp-hns\ A`n-hmZyw sNbvXp-sImv ]d-bp-Xv. C{]-Imcw kzKn t]mbn Am-lp-hns\ A`n-hmZyw sNm, A\p-h-Z-\o-bhpw ]cn-ip--hpamb `Ww Ign-p; hnNm-c-W-bn-msX kzK-n t]mIp km_n-Jo-v
apI-S--hv am{Xta km[n-p-I-bp-q. ]cn-ip--asnepw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amb
`Ww am{Xw `n-p--hv hnNm-c-Wv tijta kzK-n t]mIm km[np-Ibp-q. Ahkm-\-Im-ev Fgppw hmb-\bpw Adn-bm hnizm-kn-I,
Imnt]mbn GsX-nepw ac-ns aqSv ISn-p]n-SnpsImv acWw hsc \ne\n-W-sav \_n ]Tn-n--Xns Bibn \mn A\p-h-Z-\o-bhpw ]cn-ip-hp-amb `Ww Inm Hc-h--h-cp-sa-v IqSnbpv. Fgppw hmb-\bpw Adnbp hnizm-kn-I Jp-B-\ns Bibw AW--p-]-tbm-Knv ISn-p-]n-Snncn-Ww
Fv \_n ]Tnn-Xns s]mcp; Ahv {Xmkmb Jp-B-\ns Bibw D]tbm-K-s-Spn `Whn`-h- A\p-h-Z-\o-bhpw ]cn-ip-hp-am-namm km[np-sam-Wv. Am-lp-hns kz`m-h-apsIm-p hnizm-kn-I, Ahv \jvSw
hmepw `qansb AXns kp-e\
-
- n \ne-\nm thn ]cn-{i-an-pXns
`mK-ambn Jp-B-\ns Bibw P\-fntev F-np-sIm-Sp-p--Xn-\p-thn
\mn Xs \ne-sIm--pXm-Wv. Ah am{X-amWv Jp-Bs\ apssl-an-\mbn
Im-p-kq-n-p--Xv D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--h. AmsX bq\pkv: 98- ]d-{]-Imcw bq\pkv \_n sNbvX-Xp-t]mse \mSp-hnv t]mIm-hp--X-. An-km-Av:
100, amCZ: 48, bq\pkv: 58 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
-"\n Ah-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p-- Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-sW-n'
F Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv ^pkzn-ev: 37 Ahkm\npXv. AXm-bXv cmhpw
]Iepw kqcy\pw N{-\p-samw Amlp GI-\mWv F-Xn\v sXfn-hmWv. AXpsImv \n kqcy\pw N{\pw kpPqZv sN-cpXv, Ahsb krjvSn Am-lphn\v am{Xw kpPqZv sNpI \n Ah-\p-thn am{Xw Pohn-p-- Ahs
{]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-sW-n! kqcy\v kpPqZv sNp P\X temI-p-s-nepw N{\v
kpPqZv sNp P\X Cv apkvenwI am{X-am-Wv. Ah a-bn-ep IAv_sb
Jn_vebmbn AwKoI-cn-p-p- Fv hmZn-pps-nepw Ahn-Sps \mfnse
t\mpw s]cp-mfpw AwKo-I-cn-m-Xn-cn-pI hgn bYm-n IAv_sb
Jn_vebm-bpw `qan-bpsS tI{-ambpw Am-lp-hns\ {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmbpw AwKoI-cn-p-n-. `qan-bn-se-hn-sSbpw Znhkw amdp-n--, Hcp N{\pw Hcp DZ-bhpw am{Xta-bpp F Xncn--dnhvt]mepw Cm Ch Am-lp-hn-s\bpw {]hm-N-I-t\bpw
A\p-kc
- n-msX N{-s\bpw I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-If
- mb a\pjynim-Np-sf-bp-amWv A\pk- c n- p- - X v . CXc aX- - c psS BtLm- j - smw temI- s - h n- s Sbpw
sFIyhpw Hcp-abp-ap-s-n, N{\v kpPqZv sNp Cu sI-P\
- X
- bpsS(^pJm:
18, ^Xlv: 12) BtLm- j - mWv temI- s - h n- s Sbpw sFIyhpw
HcpabpanmXv. lPv: 90 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
534
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Cm-c-W-sImsmw Xs-bmWv Ch A^m: 22, 55- ]d

Ghpw Xn-tb-dnb Poh-Pm-e
- f
- mbn A[x-]X
- n-n-p-X
- v. AXp-sImv AapkvenwI
CuP\-X-bn \nv C\n Jp-B e`n-p-sav {]Xo-n-t--Xn. `qan AXns
kp-e-\-n \ne-\nm-\p {Xmkmb Jp-B-\ns Bibw kzbw tXSn-nSnv hmbnv hnizmkw cq]-s-Sp-pIbpw Cukm-\-_nsb {]Xo-np Pohn-pIbpw sNpIbmWv thXv. Xo{h-hm-Z-n-s\-Xn-sc-bp GI{]Xn-hn-[n-bmb JpB-\ns BibwsImv Ah-tcmSv PnlmZv \Sp-Ibpw thWw. Xu_: 73, 123125,
\lv: 90-91, 97 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
Am-lp-th, \nbw R \ntmSv D]-Im-c-{]-Z-amb Adnhpw kzoIm-cytbm-Ky-amb {]hn-Ifpw A\p-h-Z-\o-bhpw ]cn-ip--hpamb `-W-hn-`-h-fpw
`b-`-n-bp lrZ-bhpw ]cn]qW-amb hnizm-khpw \ns amK-n-ep acymZbpw ZoLm-bpkpw tNmZn-p-p.
115. \nbw \nv \njn--amn-bn-p-Xv ihhpw chpw ]n-amwkhpw Am-lp-hn-\p-th-n-b-msX \on-sh-XpamWv. h-h\pw
\n_-n-Xm-h-bn AXn{I-a]c-am-sXbpw ]cn[newLn-msXbpw AXv D]-tbm-Kn-pI-bm-sWn, Atm \nbw Amlp
Gsd s]mdpp-- Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-a-mWv.
_Jd: 173, amCZ: 3, A-Bw: 145 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
116. \n-fpsS \mhp-sImv CXv A\p-h-Z-\obw, CXv \njnw Fv
\n P]np ]dbcp-Xv Amlphn-s-ta Iw-sIn-ap-Xn-\p-thn. \n-bw Am-lp-hnsta Iw-sI-n--a-p--h Hcnepw hnPbw hcn-p-I-bn-Xs.
Xs krn-Iv A\p-h-Z-\o-bhpw \njn-hpw GXm-sWv Ghpw IqSpX Adn-bp--h {kmhv Xs-bm-Wv. Ahs {XnIm-e-m-\-amb Jp-B-\ns
Bi-bneqsS AXv hnh-cn-p-X-n-p-sn-cn-s, AXns hn[n-hn-e-p-I amna-dn-p-I-bpw, AsX-m-sWv a\-n-emn ]n]-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--h A{Ian-I-fmWv. Ah Cl-nepw ]c-nepw hnPbw hcn-pIbn. AAvdm^v: 37-38,
Xu_: 31-34, bq\p-kv: 17 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
117. Xp-amb sFlnIPohnXhn`hamIp-p A-c
- mp-Xv, Ahv
thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-bp-am-Wp--Xv.
Ben-Cw-dm: 196-197, C_vdm-low: 30 hni-Zo-c-IWw t\mp-I.
118. PqXcmbn-o-h-cpsSta, CXn\papv \n\v hnh-cnpXn-p
B hkvXp- \mw {]tXyIw \ntcm-[n-n-p-m-bn-cp-p. \mw AhtcmSv A{Iaw ImWn-n-n-, Fm Ah Ah-tcmSv XsbmWv
\lv (16)
A{Iaw ImWn-p-sIm-n-cp--Xv.
535
A-Bw: 146mw kq-n-te-mWv kqN-\. PqXam-cm-bn-o-hc

- psS A\pk-c-W-tSpaqew Ahv {]tXy-I-ambn Fsmw Imcy-fmWv \njn--am-nbsXv AXn hnh-cn-n-p-v. BenCwdm: 93-94, Xu_: 19, 23-24, lqZv: 18, 101 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
119. ]ns \ns \mY, Adn-hn-m-bva-sImv Xn {]hn-p-I-bpw
]ns AXn-\p-tijw ]m-]nv aS-p-Ibpw ]ns PohnXw \mn-op-Ibpw sNbvXhcmtcm \n-bw; \ns \mY AXn-\ptijw Gsd s]mdp-p- -Imcp-Wy-hm Xs-bm-Wv.
AXn- \ p- t ijw Fv ]dXns hnh; sXv a\nemnbtijw
a\psImv Gp]dv s]mdpens\tXSpIbpw {]mbnw sNtXn\v
{]mbnw sNpIbpw ]ns I JpB\ns hn[nhnepIv
A\pkrXamnopIbpw sNbvXm FWv. An-km-Av: 17-18, 145-147 amCZ:
93, Xu_: 80, 9193 \lv: 110 hniZoIcWw t\mp-I.
120. \nbw C_vdmlow kzbw Xs Hcp kap-Zmbam-bn-cp-p. Am-lphnt\mSv hW-ap t\sc-sNm-s-bp amK-n \ne-sIm-p-h Atlw Hcn-epw Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-fn ]ptNp--h-cn s]-h-\p-am-bn-cp-n-,
121. Ahs A\p-{K-l
- v \n- ImWn-p-h
- , Rm Ahs\ sXscs-Sp-p-I-bpw, Ghpw sNmmb amK-n-tev amKZi\w
sNpIbpw sNbvXp.
apwX-ln\: 4-, \nbw C_vdmlo-anepw Atl-tm-sSm--ap--h-cnepw
\nv Da amXr-I-bp-v. Atlw Xs P\-X-tbmSv ]d--k-`w: \nbw
R \n-fn\npw \n Am-lp-hn-s\-q-SmsX Bsc-bmtWm tkhnp-Xv Ah-bn\npw hnap--cm-Ip-p. R \nsf \ntj-[n-p--h-cmWv.
Rpw \np-an-S-bn Fspw i{Xp-Xbpw tIm]hpw Dm-bn-cnpw
\n GI-\mb Am-lp-hn-s\-smv hniz-kn-p-Xv hsc. F-m C_vdmlow
Xs ]nXm-hn-t\mSv ]d--sXm-gnsI Rm \n\pthn s]mdp--ens\ tXSp-IX-s-sN-pw, Am-lp-hn\nv Hpw t\Sn--cm F\nv Ign-bpIbn-s-nepw!
R-fpsS \mYm, \nn-emWv R `c-ta]n-n-p--Xv, \nn-tev Xs-bmWv
R tJZnp aS-p--Xv, \nn-tev Xs-bmWv R-fpsS Ana aS--hpw
Fv ]d-n-pv. C_vdmloant\m-sSm--apmbn-cp-Xv `mcy kmdbpw ktlm-Z-c]p-{X eqpw am{X-am-bn-cp-p. AXp-sIm-mWv Atlw kzbwXs Hcp kapZmbam-bn-cp-p Fv ]d-Xv. lv: 78-, \n Am-lp-hns amK-n
XymK-]-cn-{iaw sNt--hn[w XymK-]-cn-{iaw sNpI, Ah \nsf AXn-\p-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
thn sXsc-s-Sp-n-cn--p-p. \n-fpsS ]nXm-hmb C_vdmlo-ans Zo\n
Po-hn-X-N-cy-bn bmsXmcp _pn-appw Dm-n-bn-n- Fv ]d-bpp. AYhm
C_vdmlow sNbvX-Xp-t]mse Am-lp-hn `c-ta]n-p-sImp Xop-WvTn
NmSmhsc Xm-dmIWw. Atm apsslan\mb Amlp XobpsS kz`mhw amn
\ntfbpw IpSpw-_-tbpw k-n-t\-bp-samw hn-]-pIfn \npw c-sSpnsmpw Fw. An-bm-Av: 69 Iqn hmbn-p-I. Ben-Cwdm: 67,
ABw: 79, 161, Xu_: 113114 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
536
"Ghpw sNmmb amK-n-tev' Fp-]-d-Xv, ^mnl: 5 hnizmkn-I tNmZn-p amKamb kzK-n-tev Xncnp-t]m-Im\p GIamamb
"Jp-B-\ns GIamKntev' Fm-Wv. kpa: 66- Amlp ]d-bpp:
A; \o Am-lp-hn-\p-thn Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn am{Xw Pohn-pI, \n-{]-IS-n-p--h-cn Ds]Sp-Ibpw sNpI. Xzmlm: 121-122 , ]nim-Nn-s t{]c-Wv
hnt[-b-ambn BZw Z-Xn-I hne--s I\n Xnp-I-bpw, As\ BZw Xs
\mYs\ [n-cn-p-Ib
- pw, eyt_m[w \-s-h
- \
- mbn-o-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]ns
Ahs \mY Ahs\ sXsc-sSpp, Ahs ]m-m]w kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw
Ahs\ kmK-n-em-p-Ibpw sNbvXp Fp-]-dnpv. ^mnl: 6 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mpI.
122. \mw Ah\v Cln \ \In, \nbw Ah ]c- n
k\fns-h- Xs-bm-Ip-p.
^mnl: 6, A-Bw: 83, 90, Alv: 92-93 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
123. ]ns \mw \n\v Znhy-ktiw \InXo-bmbpw \o t\sc-sNms
C_vdm-lo-ans amKw ]n]-W-sa-v. Atlw Hcn-epw Am-lphns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp--h-cn s]-h-\m-bn-cpn-.
C_vdm-lo-ans\tmse {]hm-N-I\pw hnizm-kn-Ifpw, lrZ-b--fpsS Ah
Adn-bp Am-lp-hp-ambn Ftmgpw lrZ-bw-sImv _-s-p-sIm-v Ncn-p
hcm-I-Ww, AXphgn Am-lp-hns GI-Xzs Ftmgpw {]I-Sn-n-p--h-cm-IWw
FmWv I]np--Xv. bq\pkv: 103106, 109, lqZv: 114115, Alv: 90 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI.
124. \n-bw- \mw imv BN--cWw \n-bnn-p-X
- v AXn-s-Im-cy-n
`nn-hcp-sS-ta-emWv. \nbw \ns\mY, GsXmcp hnjbn
emtWm Ah `nnp-sIm-n-cp--Xv B hnj-b-n hn[n-Zn-h-k-\mfn Ahn-S-bn Xocp-am\w I]n-pXpamWv.
Amlp a\p-jyv Xr]vXn-s Zo\n, BgvNbnse s]cp-m-fmbn \nbn-n-p--Xv shnbm-gvN-bmWv. shn-bmgvN Xs-bmWv BZ-ans\ krn--Xpw,
\lv (16)
537
kzK-n\nv ]pd-m-n-b-Xpw `qan-bn-tev Ab--Xpw. shn-bmgvN XsbmWv temIw Ah-km-\n-p--Xpw. EPp-am-\-k-\mb C_vdm-lo-ans Zo\nepw(Fm
\_n- a m- c psS Zo\n- e pw) shn- b mgv N Xs- b m- b n- c pp PpapAZn\w. Fm
C_vdmlow, Ckvam-Cu, Ckvlm-Jv, bAv-Jq_v, aqkm XpS-n-b-h-cpsS Pohn-X-Ncy-bmb Ckveman \nv hyXn-N-env PqXamcmbn-Xo-h, Ah-cpsS `Whn`h-fn-se-t]mse shn-bmgvN Zn\nepw `nnv BgvN-bnse s]cpmfmbn
i\n-bmgvN BN-cnphcn-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. Fmeh AXv BN-cn-t-hn[w BNcnn-cp-pan-. _-Jd: 66 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Atm "AXns Imcy-n `nn-h'
Fp-]-d--Xv, impZn\w BNcnt-hn[w BN-cnpXn `nnh
Fv am{X-a-, Xudm-ns Imcy-n `nn--h FpwIq-Sn-bm-Wv. _Jd: 113,136,
P\- `nn-n-p hnj-b--fn hn[n-I]n-m-\mWv hn[n-Zn-hkw \nbn-n-p--Xv. Fm hnizm-kn-I Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nv hn[n-Zn-h-k\m-fnse hnNm-cW a\n-em-n-smv, Chn-sS -shpXs {Xmkmb Jp-B\ns
Bibw D]- t bm- K sSpn P\- - `nn hnj- b - fn Xocp- a m\w
ssIsmpIbpw Ah Amlp Xr]vXns GIhgnbnem-sWv Dd-p-h-cp-p- X pam- W v . AYhm Cs apkv e nwI- f nse Bbn- c - n sXmm- b n- c n
sXmqsm-Xns amKw shSnv Hns amKw kzoI-cn--W-sa-w. lqZv:
118-119, lnPv: 99, Alv: 64 hni-Zo-I-c-Ww- t\m-p-I.
Cv apkvenw kap-Zmbw shn-bm-gvNb
- psS Imcy-n am{X-a, t\mv, lv,
s]cp-m XpS-n Fm hnj-b--fnepw bYm Zo\n\nv `nn-pIbpw
PqX-sc-tmse As-n AXntesd, kXyn \nv _lp-Zqcw hgn-]n-gpt]mhpIbpw sNbvXn-cn-pp Fv JpB-\ns Bibw DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iambn, Xpemkmbn, kXym-kXyhnth-N\am\Zambn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-bm a\-n-em-mhp--Xm-Wv. \lv: 89, 114 hni-Zo-I-c-Ww- t\m-p-I.
125. \o \ns \mYs amK-n-tev "lnIva-p-sIm-pw auC-f-p
lk-\p-sImpw' hnfn-p-I. Ah-tcmSv Ghpw \-Xp-sImv
kwhmZw \S-p-Ibpw sNp-I. \n-bw, \ns dv Xs-bmWv
Ahs amK-n\nv hgn-]n-g--h-\mscv Ghpw Adn-bp--h.
Ah Xs-bmWv kmKw {]m]n--hcm-scv Gw Adnbp-h\pw.
\ns \mYs amK- n- t ev Fp- ] - d - Xv , Jp- B kanpBZymhkm\whsc-bp krn-Iv Amlp Xr]vXn-sGI hgn-bmb
Ckveman-te-v FmWv. Ben-Cw-dm: 19, 85 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I. AXmWv
t\sc-sNm-s-bp amKw. ^mnl: 5 t\mp-I. AXn-tev hnfnt-Xv lnIvap-sImpw Jp-B-\ns Bibw kv]-amb kqsImv auCfp
lk- \ - v kv ] - a mb kq- v kam- \ - a mb D]a DZm- l - c - W -
sImpamWv.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
lnIvav: Ben-Cw-dm: 7, lqZv: 1, Ckvdm-Av: 39 Iqn-hmbnp-I. auC-fv:
_Jd: 66, Ben-Cw-dm: 138, bq\pkv: 57 Iqn-hmbnp-I.
538
"lnIvav' sImpw "auC-fv' sImpw Dt-in-p-Xv Jp-B-\ns Bibhpw Am-lp-hn\n-p AXns hymJym-\hpw Xs-bmWv. ^pJm: 33-
Amlp ]d--Xp-t]mse "Ah \nn-tev Hcp tNmZyhpw sImp-h-cp-n-,
\mw AXns "lJpw' Ghpw \ X^vkodpw Xn--m-sX'. ChnsS lJpsIm-pt-in-p-Xv lnIva-pw, X^vkohym-Jym-\w sImp-t-in-p-Xv auC-fpamWv. Cu kq-n\npw "X^vko' Am-lp-hn\n-p-Xv XsbmsWv a\nem-mw. Nne a\-n-em-n-b-Xp-t]mse, X{-X-tbm--Sp-Iq-Snbpw
kZp-]-tZ-i-tm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw \o \ns \mY-\n-tev hnfnpI Fv Cu kqn\v Bibw \Ip-Xv icn-b-. ImcWw (1) An-km-Av: 105- Amlp
\_n-tbmSv I]npp: \o P\--fn Amlp Dt-in{]-Imcw\o Dtin--Xpt]m-se-b---Jp-BsImv hn[n-I]n--Ww. (2) A_k: 110, \_n am
apivcnv t\Xm--fp-ambn Imcy-amb N \S-sh A-\mb DpaJvXqw Ibdn
h-tm- \_nbpsS apJv ssha-\kyw \ng-enp. Atm Amlp \_nsb
Xncp-p-IbmWp-m-b-Xv. am\yamcpw {]am-Wn-amcp-amb Bfp-Isf Ckvemantev
Inn-bm sImm-sa \_n-bpsS B{Kl-sampw Amlp kzoI-cn-n-. (3) BenCw-dm: 128-129, DlvZv bp-tm-S-\p-_-nv ]v \-s-, Xev apdnhv ]nb
{]hm-NI
- {]mn {]m\ A\p-hZ- \
- o-ba
-
- . Imcy-s
- f-mw BIm-i`
- q-an-IfpsS
A[n- ] - \ mb Am- l p- h mWv \nb- { n- p- - X v . Ah I]n- p- - { ]- I mcw
{]hnpI F Xmo-XmWv \_nv InnbXvA-mlp sNbvX-Xm-I-s, JmenZv_v\pheoZv, A_q-kp-^vbms `mcy lnv, lnns ASnabpw B{^n-
\ot{Kmbpamb hlvin XpS-n- Bs-Xn-cm-bn-mtWm \_n {]mn-Xv A-hsc
Ckveman-tev sImp-h-cnI-bmWv. (4) ^pkzn-ev: 33-34, Jp-B kanp Am-lp-hn-te-mWv hnfn-t--Xv. Xn-Isf XS-tb-Xv Ghpw \-Xv
JpBsImv Xs-bm-Wv.
Adn-hn-m Pmln-ep-Isf Fs\ kao-]n-Ww, Adn-nv aqSn-sh-p
ap\m-^n-Jp-Isf Fs\ hnfn-Ww, Fsmw Jp-BXs Nqn-m-Wn-npv. DZm-l-cWw: (1) ^n-Hu "Rm AXyp-X-\mb dmWv' Fp-]-d-tm kuay-am-bn--em-fnXytm-Sp-Iq-Sn--A-hs\ hnfn-m-\mWv Xzmlm: 44, Amkn-Bv: 18-19 kq {]Imcw aqkm \_ntbmSv I]n--sX-n, Imcy-sfmw a\-n-emnb-tijw ^n-Hu sXm-Sn-bmbn(I-]-S-hn-izm-kn-bmbn) amdnb-tm Amlp aqkm \_n-tbmSv bq\pkv: 88 {]Imcw {]mn-p-hm I]np-Ibpw bq\pkv: 9092 {]Imcw Ahs\ apn-sm-p-I-bpw, icocw ap--hv
]mT-am-Imthn \in-n-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Am-lp-hns\ AwKo-I-cn-m-Xp-sImv Bscbpw Amlp \in-np-I-bn. Fm AtXm-S-\p-_-nv
Ahs krn-I-tfmSv AXn-{Iaw ImWn-p sXm-Snbm-Ip-tm-gmWv \in-n-pI
FXmWv lnIvav. A-lvJm^v: 35 t\mp-I. C\n apkvenwI-fn Hcp hnizm-kn-
\lv (16)
539
bp-an-msX Fm-hcpw sXm-Sn-Ifmbn amdp-tm temIw samw \in-n--sSpw
F-XmWv Cu kw`-h-ns auC-fv.
(2) aqkm Xudmv kzoI-cn-m t]mb Ah-k-c-n Ckvdm-Cu kXn-I ]ip-p-nsb Dmn ]qPn-p hnhcw Amlp At-ls Adn-bnp.
ZpxJn-X\pw \ncm-i\pw tIm]nX-\p-ambn aqkm Xncn-p-h-cn-Ibpw, Xudmv h-en-sdnv ktlm-Z-c lmdq\ns Xe-ap-Snbpw XmSnbpw ]nSn-p-h-enpI-bm-Wp-m-bsX-n, ]ip-p-nsb Dm-nb kman-cn-tbmSv "Fs kv]in--cpXv'(Fs
hniz-kn--cp-Xv) Fp-]-d-p-sImv \mSp-hnv t]mIm-\mWv I]n--Xv. AAvdm^v:
150, Xzmlm: 86-97 Iqn-hmbnp-I.
(3) Am-lp-hns {Kw Inm--hv A`bw sImSp-m\pw kwc-Ww
\Im\pw Xu_: 6 I]n- p- t m hnizm- k n- I nS- b n Pohn- p
Fmadnnpw aqSn-sh-p Ip^v^m-dp-Ifmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isf h[n-m\mWv
Xu_: 123 {]Imcw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-tmSv Amlp I]n-p--Xv. Amlp
h[n-m I]n Htc-sbm-cp hn`mKw, Am-lp- sImp-I-f eyt_m[w
\jvS-s a\pjy ]n-im-Np--fm-b-- I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-sf-bmWv. BenCwdm: 169,
AAv-dm^v: 175-176, Xu_: 73 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Am-lp-hns {]mXn-\n[yw
hln-p hnizm-kn-Ipw, {]hm-NI
- ampw Am-lphnsJp-B\ns kz`mh-am-bn-cn--Ww. AXmWv Ben-Cw-dm: 79--eqsS Amlp I]n-p--Xv. apIv: 22
t\mp-I.
"Ghpw \-Xv' Jp-B-\ns Bibw Xs-bm-Wv An-km-Av: 122, bq\pkv:
26-27, lqZv: 114 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI. Atm AXp-sIm-mWv ap--h-tcmSv
kwhmZw \St-X
- v. AAvdm^v: 199 t\mp-I. BcmWv kamK-am-b Jp-B\ns\
D]-tbm-K-s-Spn Am-lphns {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn Pohn-p--sX-pw, BcmWv
AXn\nIv AXn\v hncp--amb PohnXw \bn-pIhgn ]nimNns\ cm-[nIm-cn-bmbn sXsc-s-Sp-n-p--sX-pw, {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Amlp-hn\v XsbmWv Ghpw\mbn Adn-bpI FmWv kq-n ]d-bp--Xv. ^mnl: 67,
lnPv: 75, Alv: 89 t\mpI.
Jkkv: 87 Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]d-bpp: Am-lp-hn-s kqfn\nv
\n\v AXv hp-In-n-b-Xn--\p-tijw \ns AXn\nv Bcpw XS-bm-Xn-cn-s,
\o Hcn-epw Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tN-p-h-\m-hp-Ibpw
sN-cp-Xv. AAv-dm^v: 203, dAvZv: 14 t\mp-I. "\n-bw, \ns dv Xs-bmWv
Ahs amK-n\nv hgn-]n-g--h-\mscv Ghpw Adn-bp--h, Ah XsbmWv kmKw {]m]n--hcm-scv Gw Adnbp-h\pw' F Bi-bnep-
kq-amWv Jew: 7. "\nbw \ns dv Xs-bmWv Ahs amK-n\nv
hgn-]n-g--h-\mscv Ghpw Adn-bp--h. Ah Xs-bmWv BcmWv kamKw
D]-tbm-Ks
- -Sp-n-bs
- Xv Gw Adnbp-h
- \pw' Fv APvav: 30-epw ]d-npv.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
126. \n {]Xn-Imcw sNp-I-bm-sW-n \n-tfmSv GX-v Af-hn-emtWm
AXn{Iaw ImWnXv AtX Af-hn am{Xw Atmpw sNbvXp-sImp-I. Fm \n an-p-Ib
- msWn AXv Xs-bmWv amep-v Ghpw Daw.
540
amCZ: 4450, Xu_: 123 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.

127. \o an-p-I, \ns a Am-lp-hns\smmsXb. \o AhcpsSta ZpxJnpht\m Ah-cpsS IpX-{--fn a\-n-Sp-pht\m B-tI--Xp-an-.
Jp-B-\ns Bibw \S-n-em-bn-m-Wp--Xn-\p-thn a ssIsm--WsamWv Amlp I]n-p--Xv. bq\pkv: 65 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. Ckm:
24-, AXp-sImv \o \ns \mYs lnIvav JpB Ah-X-cWw ]qnbm-Ip--Xn\p-thn anp-I. Ah-cn\n-p Ip-hm-fn-I-fmb I-]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isfbpw As-n \n-sI Im^n-dp-I-sfbpw \o A\p-k-cn-p-I-bp-a-cpXv. Xu_: 73
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. epJvam: 17-, epJvam Xs aIs\ D]-tZ-in-Xmbn
Amlp ]d-bpp: \o \a-kvImcw \ne\np-I, \-sImv I]n-p-I-bpw,
Xnsb hntcm-[n-p-Ibpw sNp-I, AXn-s-t]cn \ns _m[np-Xv anp-Ibpw sNpI. \I]n-p-I, Xn hntcm-[n-pI F-Xp-sIm-p-t-in-pXv, JpB-\ns I]\-I I]nepw, hntcm-[- hntcm-[n--ep-am-Wv.
Atm FXnp-I-fpmhpI A\n-hm-cy-amWv. Acw FXnp-I an-m\mWv kq-n-eqsS ]d-bp--Xv. kzoI-cn--s-Sp \a-kvImcw \nln-p-h \ I]npI-bpw Xn hntcm-[n-p-Ibpw sNt-Xpam-Wv. AXmWv AI_qv: 45-, \nbw \a-kvImcw \oNhpw \njn-hp-amb {]h-\--sf-smv
XS-bpI Xs sNp-sav ]d--Xns Bi-bw. lqZv: 118-119, \lv: 9, 93 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Ah-cpsS IpX{--fn \o a\w-ap-tXn Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-,
Fm-hcpw Am-lp-hns A[o-\-X-bn-em-Wv, AXp-sImv Am-lp-hn `c-ta]np-sImv Ah-\p-thn am{Xw {]hnp-I, Atm Amlp Fm B]n\npw \ns kwc- n- p- s Im- pw Fm- W v . Atm hntcm- [ n- I
kXys ]cn-l-kn-p--Xn-epw, Jp-B\n\nv P\-sf XS-bp--Xnepw,
AhcpsS ZpamK- - f nepw \o ZpxJnt, Amlp Dt- i n- n- c p- s - n
Ahscsbm-h-scbpw kamK-n-em-p-am-bn-cp-p. C_vdmlow: 46, lnPv: 88,
128. \nbw Amlp Ahs\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p--h-tcm-sSm--hpw,
Ahs\ IpsImv Ncn-p--h-tcm-sSm--hp-am-Wv.
samw Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n-emWv Amlphp-Xv. samw Jp-B-
\lv (16)
541
\ns Bibw-sImv BcmtWm Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-p--Xv Ahtcm-sSm--hpw, BcmtWm Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n Ipa-\-n--em-nb Amlphns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p--Xv Ah-tcm-sSm--hp-am-Ipp Amlp. _Jd: 152,
A^m: 2429, lqZv: 114115, bqkp-^v: 22, \lv: 30, 89, 100 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
Am-lp-th, Rsf \o \ns Ip-sImv Ncn-p aplvkn-\o-fpw,
Jp-B ]n]-t--hn[w ]n]-p ap-Jo-fpw, JpB\ns\ A\p-Iq-e-ambn
kmyw-h-lnn-p--h-cpw{]Xn-Iq-e-am-bn-Bt-Wta. \ns al-mb ImcpWyamb Jp-B-\ns Bibw -sIm-v Rsf \o ]pWymm--tfmsSm-w, hnPbn-I-tfm-sSmw kzK-n {]th-in-p--hcpamtW-taHm IcpW sNp--hcn Ghpw \mbn IcpW sNpht\!
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
542
17. Ckvdm-Av
Cu kqd-v "_\oCkvdm-Cu' F t]cnepw Adn-b-s-Spp. \_nbpsS anAvdmPnt\mSvB-Im-im-tcm-l-WwA\p-_-nv Cd-nb-XmWv CsXv
Hmw kqn\npw a\-n-em-mw. lnPvd-bpsS Hcp hjw apmWv B-Imim-tcm-l-Wapm-b-Xv. AXn-\m CXv \_n-bpsS am Pohn-X-ns Ah-km-\L--n Ah-X-cn-n-p--Xm-sWv a\nem-mw. \_n Fm cm{Xn-I-fnepw Cu
kqdpw kqdv kpadpw Xnem-hv sNbvXn-cpp.
\qlns I-en c-s--h-cpsS ]nKm-an-I-fmWv Cv temI-p apgph a\p-jy-cpw. Amlphn \nn-d-nb GI{Ks Ah-K-Wnv CkvdmCu k-Xn-I Pohn--tm Ahsc Amlp Xs CXc krn-Isfsmv
ASn--ap-I-bpw, Ah-sc ap--hcpsS tatm-bvapIo-gn sImp-h-cn-Ibpw
sNbvX Imcy-ap-Wnsmv {Ks A\-cm-h-Im-i-sa-Sp--h {Kw Bhiy-s-Sp hn[-n {]hn-n-n-s-n AhcpsS m\v Amlp asmcp
P\-Xsb sImp-h-cp-sa ]mTw ]Tn-n-p-p. Hmtcm a\p-jy-cpw Ah-cpsS ItcJ Ah-cpsS ]nc-Sn-bn Xs hln-p-p-v. hn[n-Zn-hk\m-fn AX-\p-k-cnv
Ah hnNm-cW sN-s-Sp-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. Cu t_m[n Jp-B-\ns
hn[n-hn-e-p-I am\nv ChnsS Pohn--p--h am{Xta hnP-bn-p-I-bp-p.
a\p-jy acnv Fpw ]ppambngnm hopw ]p\ krjvSn--s-Sptam
Fv kwibnp--h-tcmSv, Itm, Ccptm As-n ]p\Po-hn-n-s-Sm
{]bm-k-ap at-sX-nepw hkvXpthm B-bmepw \n ]p\Po-hn-n--s-SpIXs sNpsapw, Cl-nse Hmtcm \nan-j-s-p-dnpw IWv ]d-tb-n-hcp-sapw ap-dn-bnv \Ip-p. a\p-jysc hgn-]n-g-n-p--Xn-\p Ign-hp-I
\Inb Pnns] ]nimNv Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsXbp-hsc hnfnv {]mnm-\pw, Am-lp-hn ]p-tN-m\p-samw I]n-p-sav ap-dn-bnv \Ipp. {km-hn-s {]mXn-\n[yw hln-p-sIm-v t{ijvT]Z-hn-bn Pohn-tsXs\sbv ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-s-smv BcmtWm
Cl-n AX \Sn--Xv, Ah ]c-n IqSp-X hgn-]n-g--h-cpw Aam-cpam-bn-cn-p-sav ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v.
\mYs Imcp-Wy-amb Jp-B t]m-ep Hv a\p-jycpw Pnp-Ifpw Fmhcpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-Sn ]c-kv]cw klm-bn-mepw sImp-h-cm km[y-a-s-v {]Jym]nnp-v. hnhn[ Znhym-p-X
- {]I-Sn-n-m Bh-iy-s \ntj-[n-It- fmSv Fs
\mY AXn-s\ms Ign-hp ]cn-ip--\m-Wv, Rm ZqX\msbmcp a\p-jy-\msX
CkvdmAv (17)
543
am-sc-n-ep-amtWm Fv tNmZn-m\mWv \_n-tbmSv Bh-iy-sXv. Jp-B
Innbnv kamK-n-em-Im--hsc hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn apJwIpnbh-cm-bn-smv
A-cpw _[n-c-cpw Dua-cp-ambn \c-I-pn Fdn-bp-sa-v XmoXv \In-bn-pv. Jp-B lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn P\-v hni-Zo-I-cnvpsImSp-m CXn\p
app thZ-]cn-m-\n-I(A-apkvenwI) AXv {inv tIp-sapw Jp-B\ns apn hn\bm\znX-cm-bn-o-cp-sapw Fm A{I-an-IXv \jvS-a-msX
hn-n-p-I-bn Fpw ]d-np-v. kcmepw kvXpXns-Sp Am-lphn-s B[n-]-Xy-n bmsXmcp ]p-Im-cp-ans-pw, Bcp-sSbpw klmbw tXSp
]Xn-Xzhpw Ahs\ _m[n-p-nspw Ahs\ A[n-I-cnv al-Xz-s-Sp-p-I Fv
{]Jym-]npsImpw 111- kq-fp kqdv Ah-km\npp.
]c-aI
- Imv
1.
Xs ASn-asb Hcpcm{Xnbn, akvPn-Zp ld-man\nv akvPn-Zp

AJvk-bn-tevA-Xns ]cn-k-c--sf \mw A\p-{K-lo-X-am-n-bnpv\psS Zrm---fn\nv NneXv ImWn-p--Xn-\p-th-n
sImp-t]m-b-h AXoh]cn-ip-\mIp-p. \nbw Ah Fmw
tIp- hon-p-sIm-n-cn-p--h Xs-bm-Wv.
a-bn-ep akvPn-Zp ldm-an\nv hnZqcp akvPn-Zp AJvk(Pdp-ktean-ep kpse-am \_n ]WnX ]n-bmb ss_p apJ--kv)-bn-tep
{]hm-N-Is cm{Xn-bn-ep bm{XsbbmWv "Ckvdm-Av'\n-im-{]-bm-WwFp-]-dbp-Xv. XpSv akvPn-Zp AJvkbn\nv Ggv BIm-i-fpw {]]--ns
AXn-cmb "knZvd-p apX-l'Ce hrwbpw ISv "P-p aAvh'bn
^nZukv F AXyp--X-amb kzK-n sNv DS-a-bp-ambn IqSn-mgvN \Sm t]mbXn\v "anAvdmPv'B-Im-im-tcm-l-Ww Fp-]-d-bp-p. \psS Zrm--fn\nv NneXv At-ls ImWn-p--Xn-\p-th-n-bmWv "Ckvdm-Dw
anAvdmPpw' kw`-hn-n-Xv Fv Amlp Xs ]d-n-p-v.
"PkZv'i-co-chpw, "\-^vkv'Bmhpw IqSp-tm-gmWv ASn-a-bm-Ip--Xv. ASnasb k-cn-np Fp-]-d--Xn \nv ico-c-tm-Sp-IqSns-bmWv apl-Zv
\_nsb kzK-n sImp-t]mbXv Fv a\-n-em-mw. kq-ns BZyn AXoh ]cn-ip- Fp]-d-Xns Bi-bw, BIm-i-`q-an-Isf Hn-n-Sn
Ah--bn\nv Cv ImWp hn[-n kwhn-[m-\n, Fm-n\pw Ign-hp,
Xnw {]hn-p, Bcmepw tNmZyw sN-s-Sm, Imcy-Im-cW_-n\v
AXo-X-ambn {]hn-p-, e-Ime Zqc-sampw _m[-I-a-m, D]-a-bn-m, DZm-l-c-W-an-m--h Fm-Wv. kq-ns Ay-n Fmw tIp-h\pw Fmw hon-p--h-\p-amWv Ah Fp-]-d-Xv, Fhn-sS, Ftm,
Fv, Fs\ \S-p-sav t\cs \n-bnv Fmw hebwsNbvX {XnIm-em-\n-bmWh Fm-Wv.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
A-Pvav: 112 kq--fn Amlp ]d-bpp: hnS-hm-p-- \{XamWv
kXyw, \n-fpsS Iqp-Im-c hgn-sX-n-bn-n-, ey-t_m[w \-sh\p-am-bnn, tZtlOb\pk-cnv Ah {]Xn-^-ennp-pan(kw-km-cn-p-pan). CXv
Ahv \Ip Znhy- t _m- [ - \ - a msX asm- p- a - . AXn _en- j v T \mWv
Pn_vcoemWv Ahs\ ]Tn-n--Xv. Atm AhPn_vco kmm cq-]n {]Xy--sp. Ah AXyp--X-amb N{I-hm-fn D]-hn\mbn, ]ns
Ah ASp--Spv hp, cv hntmfw As-n AXnepw Ipd AI-en \ne-sIm-p. As\ Xs ASnav FmtWm Znhy-t_m-[\w \tIXv, AXv \In. IpsImv I-Xns\ lrZ-bhpw a\pw If-hmn-bn-n-.
Fn-mtWm Ah I- Im-cy-sfpdnv \n Ah-t\mSv Xn-p--Xv?
_Jd: 1 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. XIvho: 1527 kq--fn ]d-bp-Xv {inpI: ]nhm-nsmv A{]-Xy--am-Ip \-{X-s-smpw, hnS-]-d-bp
cm{Xnsbsm-pw, hnS-cp {]`m-X-s-smpw Rm kXyw sNpp; \nbw
knwl-mk\-ap-S-b-hs A-m-lphns ASp- _en-jvT\pw kpc-n-X-\pw
am\y\pamb ZqXs Pn_vcoens hmp-I Xs-bm-WnXv. B ZqX A\p-kcn-p--h-\pw, ]ns hnizkvX\p-amWv. \n-fpsS Ipp-Im-cap-l-Zv \_n Pnv
_m[n-h\pa, Ahs\Pn_vcoens\ \n-fpsS Iqp-Im-c hy-amb N{I-hm-fn In-p-v. AZriy-amb Cu ktiw temIsn-p--Xn Ah
ssha\kyw ImWn-p-p-an-, AXv Bn-tbm-Sn--s sNIp-ms hmp-I-fpa. Atm \n Fhn-tS-mWv Cu Jp-B-\n\nv HmSn-b-I-ep--Xv? CXv
k-tem-Ip-ap Hcp A\p-kva-c-W-amsX asm-p-a-. lnPv: 6 Iqn-hm-bnpI. apl-Zv lndm Kpl-bn-embn-cnp-tm BZy-ambn Pn_vco Jp-B sImp-hv tInp k`-amWv ChnsS hnhcn--Xv.
544
\Pvav: 13-18 kq--fn asmcp {]mh-iyhpw Pn_vco Cd-p--Xmbn Ah

\-_n In-pv, {]]ns A-amb "Cehr'-ns ASp-p-sh-v.
AXns ASp-mWv "P-p aAvh'bp--Xv. Atm B Ce hrs
aqtS Hv aqSnbtm, Zrn antm-bn-n-, lrZbw Nmm-Snbnp-an-. \nbw
Ah Xs dns al-mb Zrm--fn\nv ImWpI Xs sNbvXnpv. apl-Zv \_n {]]--ns Atb-amb "knZvd-p apX-l'bnshv
Pn_vcoens\ I cwK-am-Wv ChnsS hnh-cn-p--Xv. cp-{]m-hiyw am{XamWv
Pn_vcoens\ Adp-\qdv Nnd-Ip-I-tfm-Sp-IqSn kmmcq]-n In-p-sXv aplZv \_n ]d-n-p-v. lndm Kpl-bnshv Pn_vcoens\ I-Xp-t]m-se-sbmWvi-co-chpw Bmhpw ]s-Sp-p-sImp ImgvNknZvdp apX-lbnshpw apl-Zv \_n Inp-Xv.
Pn_vco "_pdmJv' F hml-\-n \_n-bpsS ASpph-cn-Ibpw, B
hml-\n apl-Zv \_n-sbbpw Iqn a-bn-\nv ss_p apJ-k
- n FpIbpw, AhnsSshv cv dI-Av "Xlnv' \a-kvIcntijw \_n-sbbpw
sImv BIm-i-tv Db-cp-I-bpw sNbvXp.
CkvdmAv (17)
545
Hmw BIm-ins hmXn sNv apn-b-tm ]mdm-hp-Im tNmZnp:
""BcmWv app--Xv?''
""Pn_vcoemWv''.
""BcmWv IqsS-bp-Xv?''
""apl--Zv.''
""Ah \ntbm-Kn--s-pthm?''
""AsX.''
""\n\pw \ns IqsS-bp--h\pw kzmK-Xw.''
kw`m-j-W-n\npw `qan-bn \S-p Imcy-, Amlp Adn-bnm Dt-inp-tmg-msX ae-p-I Adn-bp-n- Fv a\-n-emmw. adnbw:
64 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
Hmw BIm-i-nshv \_n BZ-ans\ Iv kemw ]d-bp-Ibpw, Atlw
\_nv kemw aS-p-I-bpw Biw-kn-p-I-bpw, \v thn {]mn-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. ]ns Pn_vco \_nsbbpwsImv cmw BIm-i-tv Dbp.
Hmw BI-i-nte-Xp-t]mse kw`m-jWw BhnsSpIbpw tijw hmXn
Xpd-sSp-Ibpw sNbvXp. \_n AhnsSshv blvbmsbbpw Cukm-sbbpw ImWpI-bpw, Ah \_n-sb Biw-kn-p-I-bpw \-p-thn {]mn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
]ns aqmw BIm-i-tv Dbp. AhnsSbpw kw`m-jWw Bhn-sSpIbpw hmXn Xpd--s-SpIbpw sNbvXp. AhnsSshv bqkp^ns\ samw a\pjy-cpsS `wKn-bpsS ]IpXn At-l
- n\v \Is-npvIp. Atlhpw \_nsb
Biw-kn-p-Ibpw \-p-thn {]mn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]noSv \memw BImi-tv Db-cp-I-bpw, AhnsS CZvcokns\ ImWp-Ibpw sNbvXp. adnbw: 5657
Iqnhmbn-p-I. Atlhpw \_nsb Biw-kn-p-I-bpw \-p-thn {]mn-pIbpw sNbvXp. XpSv Amw BIm-iv lmdq-\ns\bpw, Bdn- aqkm-sbbpw
ImWp-Ibpw Ah \_nv kzmK-Xtam-Xp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]ns Ggn-tev Dbp.
Ggmw BIm-i-p-Imp Jn_vebmb "ss_p aAvaqdns' A-zq: 4
t\mp-I Nmcv Ccn-p-h\mbn C_vdm-lo-ans\ Ip Atlhpw \_nsb
Biw-kn-p-Ibpw \-p-thn {]mnp-Ibpw sNbvXp. "ss_p aAvaqdn'
Hmtcm -Zn-hkhpw Fgp]Xn\m-bncw ae-pI {]th-in-p-I-bpw, ]ns Ah Xncnp-t]mIm-Xncn-p-Ibpw sNp-pv. ]noSv Pn_vco, \_nsb {]]--ns
AXn-cmb "knZvd-p apX-l'bn-tev sImp-t]m-bn. Ahn-sS-shv Adp-\qdv
Nnd- I p- I - t fm- S p- I qSn {]Xy- sv : "Rm Pn_v c oem- W v , ChnsS \n- t mv
krnIfn \n\--msX ampw {]th-i-\-an-' Fv ]dv ]nhmn.
tijw apl-Zv \_n Hv kzK-n {]th-inv: ""Fm Xncp-apmgvNIfpw Am-lp-hn-\m-Wv, Fm \a-kvIm-c-fpw {]m-\I-fpw ]cn-ip--am-bn-psXmw Xs-bpw.'' Fv A`nkwt_m[\w sNbvXp.
Atm Amlp adp-]Sn \In: ""Hm \_n-bm-bn-p--h-t\, \ns-ta Am-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
lp-hns c-bp-m-bn-cn-s, Amlphns Imcp-Wyhpw Ahs A\p-{K-lfpw.''
546
Atm \_n Iqntp: ""R-fp-sS-ta-enepw, k-\--fmb Fm ASna- I - f ps- S - t a- e nepw \ns c- b p- m- b n- c n- - W w.'' CXmWv \a- k v I m- c - nse
"Alnm-n's ASn-m-\w. Am-lp-hns\ A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNp-X
- n-\mWv
"A-ln-mv' Fp-]d
- b
- p-X
- v. krn-Isf A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNp-X
- n\v kemw
FmWv ]d- b p- I . kemw ]d- b p- - X ns\ ]cn- i p- hpw A\p- { K- l o- X - h p- a mb
XlnvA-`n-kw-t_m-[-\w FmWv Aq: 61- ]dnp-Xv. An-kmAv: 86- hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
apl-Zv \_nv kzK-nshv ampw \Im cv {]Im-i-amb
^mn-l-bpw _Jd Ah-km-\-nse aqv kq-fpw \Ip-I-bpw, AtX-{]Imcw kzKhpw AXnse A\p-`q-Xn-I-fpw, \c-I-hpw AXnse inm ItTm-c-fpw
ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Fm Znh-khpw A]Xv t\cs \a-kvImchpw \nbnpsImSpp. tijw \_n Xncnv Bdmw BIm-iv Fn-b-tm
aqkm tNmZnp:
""\ns kap-Zmbn\v FmWv \n_--am-n-bn-p-Xv?''
""A]Xv t\cs \a-kvImcw.''
""\ns kap-Zm-b-n\Xvv \n-lnm km[n-pI-bn-,
Npcp-ncm Bh-iy-sSp-I.''
AX\p-k-cnv \_n Xncnpt]mbn AXv t\cs \a-kvImcw Npcp-ncm Bh-iy-stm Npcpn \mev]--mbn \n-bnp-sIm-Spp. hopw
aS-nsbn-b-tm aqkm ]dp:
""AXpw \ns kap-Zm-b-n\v \n-ln-m km[y-a-, Npcp-ncm Bh-iy-sSpI.''
As\ ]e{]mhiyw Bh-iy-s--X-\p-k-cnv Ah-k\mw Av t\c-ambn
Npcpn \n-bnv, hopw aqkm-bpsS ASp-s-n-b-tm aqkm ]dp:
""Fs ico-A-n-\n-b-a-kw-ln-XbnDmbn-cp aqv t\cs
\akvImcw Xs \n-lnm Ahv km[n-n-cp-n-, AXpsImv hopw Npcp-n-cm Bh-iy-sSpI.''
""C\nbpw Fs dn-t\mSv Npcp-m Bh-iys-Sm F\nv
etXmp-p.''
Atm Amlp ]dp:
""\a-kvImcw Av t\cambn \n-bn-n-cn-pp, AXn\v A]-Xns
t{ijvT-X-bp-apv.''
"Ckvdm-Av h anAvdmPv' kw`-hn-p-X
- p-hsc aplZv \_nbpw A\p-Nc
- amcpw
CkvdmAv (17)
547
aqkhoico-A-n-ep aqv t\cs \a-kvIm-c-amWv \n-ln-n-cp--Xv. lqZv: 114

ss_p apJ- - k n- t ev Xncnphv apl- Zv \_n asm{]hm- N Iampw Cam-am-bn-smv kp_vln \a-kvI-cn-pIbpw -tijw Ahv A`n-apJ-ambn Ccn-p-Ibpw Amlp Bh-iys-X-\p-k-cnv kpKvdp^v: 45- {]Imcw,
"\n\papv \mw Ab-n-p ZqXam-tcmSv \o tNmZnpI: tkh\w sN-s-Sm
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is\qSmsX Cem-lm-bnv am-sc-sb-nepw \mw \n-bn-n-p-m-bncptm' Fv.
Fm a\p-jycpw kzK-n-emWv krn--s--Xv. _Jd: 28, An-km-Av: 1
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Fm hnizm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw Bmhpw {]h-\-fpw
kzK-n-ep "Cn-o-\n'-emWv tcJ-s-Sp-p--Xv. \ntj-[n-I-fp-tSXv \c-I-nep "kno-\n-'epw. ap-Xz-^v^nô: 7, 18 t\mpI. apl-Zv \_n "Ckvdm-Av h
anAvdmPv' \mfn ico-c-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv kzK-n t]mbn Am-lphns\ A`nkw-t_m-[\w sNbvX-Xv. \a-kvImcw Apt\c-amn Npcpnnp--Xn-\mbn \_n
HXp- {]m-hiyw Ib-dn-bn-d
- n-bX
- ns\ A\p-kvac
- n-p-sImv hnizm-kn-IfpsS Bmhv
Jp-B-\m-Ip {]Imihml\w D]-tbm-K-s-Spn Av t\cs \a-kvImcfnepw(Znhkhpw H--Xp-{]m-h-iyw) kzK-n t]mbn "A-ln-mv' \nln- pIbpw Ah- c psS I- s fmw "Cn- o- \ n' tcJ- s - S ppIbpw
sNtXmWv. AXn-\p-th-n-bmWv apl-Zv \_nsb ico-c-tm-Sp-IqSn kzKn-tev sImp-t]m-hp-Ibpw, Ahn-sS-shv Apt\cs \a-kvImcw \n_am-p-Ibpw sNbvXXv. Ckvdm-Av: 80, AnbmAv: 81 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. _Jd: 33,
An-km-Av: 155-159, AAvdm^v: 40, 137 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
2.
aqkmv \mw {Kw \IpI-bp-mbn, AXns\ Ckvdm-Cu kXn-Iv kamK-hp-am-nFs-q-SmsX \n Bscbpw ssIImcy-Im-hmbn sXsc-s-Sp-cpXv Fv XmoXv \Insm-v.
kPZ: 23- Amlp ]d-bpp: \n-bw aqkmv \mw {Kw \Inbnp-v,

Atm AXp-t]m-ep Hv hp-In-p--Xn \o kwi-bn-t-Xn, aqkmv
\Inb {Ks \mw Ckv d m- Cu k- X n- I v kamK- a m- p- I bpw
sNbvXnpv. Am-lp-hn\nv H{Kw am{X-amWv hn-p--Xv. AXns icocw
hnhn[ `mj-I-fn-emsWn Bm-hmb Bibw HpXsbmWv. GXp{Khpw
AXmXv Ime-p samw a\p-jyv kamK-am-bn-mWv Ah-Xc
- n-nn--p-sXv
BenCw-dm: 34 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. apl--Zv \ntbm-Kn--stijw
samw temIv {]hm-N-I-\mbpw, Jp-B t{ImUo-I-cn--s--Xn-\p-tijw
samw temI-v ^pJm-\pw(k-Xym-kXy hnth-N\am\-ZWvUw), Xpemkpw,
Dm-gvN-Zm-b-I-hp-am-bn-pamWv Ah-X-cn-n-n-p--Xv. _Jd: 2, 213, ABw: 9192,
AAvdm^v: 157-158, lqZv: 17, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Am-lp-hns\q-SmsX am-cpw ssIIm-cy-Imhmbn-n-, As-n Cemlm-bnv Am-lp-h
- msX am-cp-an Fv ap-dn-bnv \Im thn-bmWv {Khpw,
{]hm-N-Iamcpw hn-p-Xv. {]]--ns DS-asb am{Xw B{i-bnv Ah\v
am{Xw hgnsv Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn \ne-sIm-m thn-bmWv kzK-n
krn a\p-jysc `qan-bn-tev \ntbm-Kn-n-p--Xv. ^mnl: 4, _Jd: 30, \lv:
2,36 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
548
3.
\mw \qlns IqsS I-en hln-nh-cpsS k-Xn-I, \nbw

\qlv \n-{]-I-Sn-n-p ASna Xs-bm-bn-cp-p.
Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I am{X-a-, temIm-h-km\w hsc-bp apgp-h a\pjycpw \qln-t\m-sSmw Av I-en c-s--h-cpsS kXn-I-fm-Wv. Av Ien c-sSpn-bXv hnizm-kn-Isf am{X-am-Wv. Fm Ah-cpsS k-Xn-I
Ime-{I-taW hyXn-N-env ]pXnb aX-fpw kwL-S-\-I-fp-ambn amdn. \qlv \_nsb
I-en c-s-Sp-nb kw`hNcn{Xw lqZv: 2448 kqfpsS hni-Zo-I-c-Wn hmbn-p-I. bmko: 41- Amlp tNmZnpp: \mw \nd--s Hcp Ien c-s-Sp-n-b-h-cpsS ]nKm-an-I-fmWv Ch- FXv Ahsm-cp Zrm--atbm? "Fs \mYm, Fs P\X Fs If-hmn Xn--d-n-cn-p-p, Atm
Fsbpw Ah-cp-sSbpw CS-bn \o Xocp-am\w I]n-m-epw, Fsbpw FtmsSm--ap hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw \o c-s-Sp-n-bm-epw' Fv \qlv \_n {]mnXv
Ap-A-dm-Av: 118- ImWmw. 119-, Atm At-l-sbpw At-l-tm-sSm-ap--h-scbpw \m Hcp \nd I-en c-s-Sp-n Fpw. 120-, ]ns _mnbp-h
- sc apgp-h \mw apn-sm-p-Ibpw sNbvXp Fp-w ]-d
n-p-v. \ndI
sImp-t-in-p--Xv, AXp-h-sc-bp Poh-Pm-e--fn \np Hmtcm tPmUnIsfbpw hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw Ib-n-c-s-Spnb I-ens\-p-dn-m-Wv. \nbw
\qlv \psS hnizm-kn-If
- mb ASn-aI
- f
- ns]-h Xs-bm-bn-cpp Fv kzm^mv:
81-epw ]d-n-p-v. ^mnl: 6, ABw: 47, AAv-dm^v: 143, bq\pkv: 19 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mpI.
4.
{K-n \mw CkvdmCu k-Xn-Iv hn[n-n-p-vFs-m

\n `qanbn cp-{]m-hiyw `b--c-amb Ipg--ap-m-p-I-bpw,
hn HunXyw ImWn-p-Ibpw sNpsav.
ChnsS {Kw sImp-t-in-p-Xv AIn-Xm-_m-Wv. _Jd: 2 hni-Zo-I-cWw

t\mp-I. ""btlmh Bm-]n--Xp-t]mse Ah PmXnIsf \in-n-n-, adnv
Ah PmXn-I-tfmSv Iev Ah-cpsS {]hr-n-I ioen-p. Ah-cpsS hn{K-lsf tkhn-p, AX-hv sIWn-bmbn `hn-p. Ah ]p{Xo ]p{Xamsc `qXv _en Ign-p. hn{K-l
- v _enIgn ]p{Xo]p{Xam-cpsS cwsImpw
apw tZiw Aip--am-bn. X-fpsS {]hr-n-I-fm Ah Aip--cm-bn, Ah ]ckwKw sNbvXp. AXpsImv btlm-h-bpsS tIm]w Xs P\-nst\sc Pzenp.
btlm-h-bpsS Ah-Im-is Ah ITn-\-ambn shdp-p. Atm Ahsc Ah
CkvdmAv (17)
549
P\-XbpsS In G]n-p. As\ ]I--h Ahsc `cnp(k-o\w, 106:

3141). ChnsS ]cm-ain CkvdmCu k-Xn-IfpsS BZys hn\m-ispdnv
_Jd: 243- kqNn-n-n-pv.
cm-as Kpcp-X-c-amb Ipg--s-p-dnpw AXns òI-c-amb A\-c ês-p-dnpw Cukm \_n Ahv ap-dn-bnv \In: ""Pdq-kteta, Pdq-k-teta,
{]hm-N-Is\ sImp--htf, \ns ASp- Ab-n-cn-p--hsc Is-dn-bp--h-tf,
tImgn Xs Ipp-sf Nnd-InIogn tNpXpt]mse \ns asf Fs
Nnd-In tNm F\nv F{X-hw a\-m-bn-cp-p. ]t \n k-Xn-n-.
\n-fpsS `h\w iq\y-am-bn-o-cpw!(a-mbn, 23: 3738). In Hcp Ipw tijnmsX Ch- s bmw XIs- S p- s av \ntfmSv Rm kXy- a mbn ]dbpp(ambn, 24: 2). amCZ: 4649, 7781 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Ckvdm-bo k-Xn-I am{X-a, Fm-epw {Kw hln-p-h
- AXns
hn[n-hn-e-p-I ]n]n Pohn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw, {kjvSmhv Fm-hpw Xr]vXns-n-p hn[n-hn-e-p-IfS-nb {Kw ap- P\-Xv \Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpI-bm-sW-n; apP\-Xv ChcpsSta B[n-]Xyw \Ip-Ibpw Ahsc Cln shp-Xs \ny-cm-p--Xp-am-Wv. ]c-n, Ahsc `qan \in--n-Xn-\p
ITn-\-amb in-bn-tev Xn-hn-Sp--Xp-am-Wv. Cv temIapkvenwI A\p-`-hnp
sImn-cnp \ny-Xbpw On{Z-Xbpw A[x]X-\hpw {Kn tcJ-s-Sp-nbnpXpXs-bmWv. PohnX eyw \jvS-s-Sm-Xn-cn--W-sa-n Am-lp-hns
]mi-amb Jp-B-\ns Bibw apdp-sI-]n-Snv Pohn-p-Ibpw sI-P-\-X-bn Fs
DsSp-cptX Fv {]mn-p-Ibpw Rm B sI--P-\Xbn Dsh\
Fv {]Jym-]nv \ne-sIm-p-Ibpw thWw. _Jd: 85, Ben-Cw-dm: 101103, Ankm-Av-: 91, AAv-dm^v: 175-176 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I
5.
As\ AhtcmSv hmKvZw sNbvX BZys- k`w h-tm

\mw \ns-Xn-cn \psS AXniam-cmb ASn-a-Isf \ntbmKnp. As\bh hoSp- I - f nsemw \pgpIb- d nAXv
\Snhtc Hcp hmKvZm\w Xs-bm-bn-cp-p.
_Jd: 58, amCZ: 21-26 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. aqkm \_nbpsS hntbm-Km\-cw Ckvdm-Cu-ey ê-kvXo-\n {]th-in--tm AhnsS Ghpw tami-amb
_lp-ssZh hnizm-kw ]pen-bn-cp AXn-Im-bIam-cmb P-\-X-I-fmWv Xmakn-n-cp-Xv. Fm tZh-X-I-fp-sSbpw ]nXmhv Fv hnti-jn-n-s-n-cp-, Gsdpsd ]ip-hn-t\mSv kmay-ap "G' Bbn-cpp Ah-cpsS Bcm-[y-aqn. Cu
tZhs ]Xv\n-bmb "Ajod' bn \nv D-hn-p tZho-tZ-ham-cpsS ]c-c
GI-tZiw Fgp-]-tXmfw hcpw. hnhn[ Imcy- km[n-n-p-X-cp--Xn\v hnhn[
tZho-tZ-hamsc Ah Bcm-[n-n-cp-p. inip-sf Chpthn _en-bn-ncpp. Bcm-[\meb- hy`n-NmctI{--fmn amn-, kv{XoIsf tZhZm-kn-I-fmbn
\nn Ahsc hy`n-Nm-c-n\v D]-tbm-Knn-cpp.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Cu P\-X-n-Sbn kam-[-\-tm-Sp-IqSn {]th-inv, Ah-v CkvemanI
kwkvImcw ]Tn-n-pI-bpw, As\ ê-kvXo\n {K-ns hn[n-hn-e-p\p-k-cn-p `cWw \S-nh-cp--W-sa-p-am-bn-cpp Amlp Ckvdm-Cu kXn-I-tfmSv Bh-iy-s-n-cp--Xv. Fm AhtcmSv I]n--Xn\v hncp--ambn [nmc-]qw Ah B \mn {]th-in--v, ê-kvXo Rv hmKvZw sN-s
\mSmWv, \n ]pd-p-t]m-I-W-sa \b-n-ep kao-]-\w kzoI-cn--tm
P\- Chsc in-bpw FXnp-Ib
- pw HXp-n-f
- b
- p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AhcpsS
hnizm-km-Nm-c
- Ch-cn ASntnp-Ibpw, As\bh B P\-Xv IosgmXpn Pohn-t-n-hcn-Ibpw sNbvXp.
550
Cukvdm-bo-ey btlm-hv A\n--I-c-am-bn-p-Xv sNbvXp. _m hn{Kls ]qPn-p. X-fpsS ]nXm-amcpsS ssZhhpw an{kbow tZiv \nv
Ahsc B\-bn btlm-hsb Ah Dt]-n-p. Npp-ap PmXn-IfpsS ssZh-sf sNv \a-kvI-cnv btlm-hsb tIm]n-np(\ym-bm-[n-]am, 2:11-12). CkvdmCu- k- X n- I fpsS A{I- a hpw [nm- c hpw kzm- X bpw ImcWw êkvXo\nepmbn-cp aphn`m-K-sfmw sFIy-s-Sp-Ibpw bpneqsS Ahsc
]pd-m-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah-cpsS hmKvZ-- t]-SIwt]mepw Ahv Ism-gnt-n-h-p. ]noSv iwho \_n Ah-cpsS Bh-iy-{]Imcw Ahv Xmeq-ns\
cmPm-hmbn \n-bn-p-sImSpp. _Jd: 246248 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Xmeqns t\Xr-Xz-n Pmeq-ns\ t\cn-Smt]mhp- kwL-n hgn-p-shv
ZmhqZv\_n tNcp-I-bpw, Zzbpn Atlw Pmeq-ns\ h[n-p-I-bpw sNbvXp.
XpSv ZmhqZns\ Ahv cmPmhpw \_n-bp-ambn Amlp \n-bn-p sImSp-p.
_Jd: 249-251 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. Zmhq-Zn-\p-tijw kpsse-am \_n CkvdmCu-ey-nS-bn {]_-e-amb `cWw \SpIbpw bipw {]Xm-]hpw hos-Spp-I-bpap-mbn. kzmZv: 30-40, \wev: 15-44, k_Av:12- -14- t\mp-I.
kpsse-am \_nptijw Ckvdm-Cuey hopw ùXnI ]qPIcmbn A[x]Xnp-Ibpw Ah cv cm{--fmbn `nn-pIbpw sNbvXp. hS- ê-kvXo\pw Ing- tPmm\pw tN Ckvdm-Cu cm{-am-bn-cpp AXnsemv. AXns
Xe-m\w kman-cn Bbn-cp-p. asmv sX ê-kvXo\pw kZqw {]tZ-ifpw tN blqZcm{-am-bn-cp-p. Pdq-ktew Bbn-cpp AXns Xe-m-\w.
Cu cm{- Xnep ISp kwL--\-fpw hSw-h-en-Ifpw \mp\m
insp. CXn Ckvdm-Cu cm{m-cmWv Ahn-sS-bp-m-bn-cp P\-X-bpsS
_lp-ssZh hnizm-k-nepw A[mn-I-X-bnepw BZy-ambn BIjn--s--Xv.
Cbmkv \_n-bpw Ab-kAv \_nbpw Ahsc inn\nv tamNn-n-m
{iaw \S-n-sb-nepw êap-m-bn-. Ah-km\w Am-lphns tIm]n\p hnt[b-cmb Ah-cp-sS-ta a-m-cmb Ao-dn-b-m IS-m-{I-anp. Cu L-n
"Btamkv' {]hm-N-I\pw({In. ap: 787-747) "tlmssibv' {]hm-N-I\pw({In. ap: 747-735)
Ahv Xmo-Xp-I \In-sm-n-cps-nepw AhcXns\ Ah-K-Wnp. am{Xa-, Cukvdm-Cu cmPmhv Btamkv {]hm-N-Is\ \mn\nv ]pd-m-p-I-bpw
CkvdmAv (17)
551
kman-cnbpsS AXnn-I-fn At-l-ns {]h\w ]cn-an-XsSpp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Gsd-Xm-a-kn-bmsX "Aq' cmPm-hmb "ktKm' kman-cn Pbn--S-n
Ckvdm-Cu cm{-ns AywIpdn-p. XpSv Bbn-c--W-n\v Ckvdm-Cueysc h[n-p-I-bpw, Ccp-]-n-A-mbn-cne[nIw t]sc \mn\nv ]pd-mp-I-bpw, Ao-dn-b cm{-ns Ing- taJ-e-Ifn On-`n--cmn Xma-knn-p-Ib
- pw, ap taJ-eI
- f
- n\nv P\-sf sImp-hv Ch-cpsS \mn Xmaknnp-Ibpw sNbvXp. X^-ea
- mbn Ckvdm-CueycpsS kmwkvIm-cnI ss]XrIw {ItaW
\in-pIbpw sNbvXp. _Jd: 243 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Ckvdm-CueycpsS cmas cm{amb "blqZ'bpw kpsse-am \_n-ptijw {ItaW innepw A[mn-I-X-bnepw AI-s-p-t]m-bn. Ao-dn-b-m
Ah-scbpw A{Iansnepw Ahsc ]qambn XIm km[n-n-. Fnepw
Ah Ao-dn-b-mv Iw sImSpv Iosgm-Xptn-h-p. "sbi' {]hm-NI\pw "bncay' {]hm-NI\pw inn\nv Ahsc tamNn-n-m {iaw \S-n-sbnepw êap-m-bn-. ]noSv _m_n-tem-Wn-b cmPmhmb "s\_p-Zv\k'
Pdq-kteaS--ap blqZcm{s Iog-S-p-I-bpw, blqZ cmPm-hns\ _-\-\m-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Atmgpw Ah inbpw {]Xm-]hpw t\Sm-\p GIamKamb "bncaym' {]hm-NIs \ntZ-i- Xn--fbpIbpw, X-fpsS Dinbp-]-tbm-Knv _m_n-tem-Wn-b-m-tcmSv FXn-cn-Sp-I-bpamWv sNbvXXv. As\ {In.
ap: 587 hopw "s\_p-Zv\k' i-amsbmcp A{I-aWw \S-p-I-bpw blqZ
cm{ns Fm ]-W-fpw XIv Xcn--W-am-p-I-bpw sNbvXp. Pdq-k-te-ans\-bpw "ssl kpsse-am-\n-'tbbpw Hcp Npat]mepw Ah-ti-jn-n-msX \innp If-p. CXmWv Ckvdm-CueytcmSv XmoXv sNbvX Hm-as Ipg-hpw
X^-e-ambn Ahv e`n inbpw.
6.
]ns \mw, \nhsc AXn-P-bn-m Hch-kcwIqSn \In.

kpw km-\-fpwsImv \mw \nsf -t]mjnnp-I-bpw,
\nfpsS P\-kwJy A[n-I-cnnp XcnIbpw sNbvXp.
blqZcm{n \-p-thn \ne-sIm-pI-bpw, \- I]n-p-I-bpw Xn

hntcm-[n-pIbpw sNp Hcp sNdnbhn`mKw Ah-ti-jn-n-p-m-bn-cpp. blqZcpsS CS-bn Ah \S-nb ]cn-jvI-cW {]h-\- êw Ip-Xp-S-pIbpw Am-lp-hns ImcpWyw Ahcn hjn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. {In. ap: 539-,
t]jy N{I-hn-bm-bn-cp "sskdkv' _m_n-tem-Wn-b-msc Iog-S-nb-tXmSp-IqSn _m_n-tem-Wn-b-m-cpsS `cWw Ah-km-\n-p. Fm CkvdmCueypw
Xncn-p-hv X-fpsS tZiv Xma-kn-m-\pw Ahv ssl kpsse-am\n
]p\\nn-m\pap A\p-hmZw e`n-pI-bpw sNbvXp. Fm B {]tZ-is
`qcn-] P\X AXv XS--s-Sp-nsm-n-cpp. Ah-km\w {In. ap: 522-, Zmcnbqkv Hm- a s Imev hnip "ssl kpsse- a m- \ n'bpw A]- I m- e n\ptijw "ss_p apJ-kv' Xsbpw ]p\\nnsSp-Ibpw {ItaW
552
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
AXv PqXkmwkvImcnI tI{-am-bnocp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

]noSv {In. ap: 458-, l{kv "Dssk' (b-{km) blqZ-bn hcn-I-bpw,
t]jy N{I-hn "lZio' At-l
- n\v C{]-Imcw Hcp Xnqcw sImSppIbpw
sNbvXp. ""Atbm b{km, \n\v \ns ssZhw \Inb m\-{]-Imcw \Zn-sc ]mp kIeP\n\pw \ns ssZh-ns m\-{]-am-W-sf
Adnbp GhpwXs \ymb-]m-e\w \S-m A[nIm-cn-I-sf-bpw \ymbm-[n]am-scbpw \nb-an-Ww. Adn-bm--htm, \n Ahsc D]-tZ-in-p-sIm-Spp-Ibpw thWw. Fm \ns ssZh-ns \ymb-{]-am-W-hpw cmPm-hns \ymb{]-amWhpw A\p-k-cn-m Gh-scbpw Pm{K-X-tbmsS \ymbw hnkvX-cnv ac-Wtam, {]hm-k-tam, ]ng-tbm, XSthm Ah\v I]n-tXp-am-Ip-p.'' (b{km, 7:2526).
_Jd: 259, amCZ: 33 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Fm hS- ê-kvXo-\nepw
kman-cn--bn-ep-ap-m-bn-cp Ckvdm-Cu-ey sb{k-mbpsS kwkvI-cW {]h-\sf kzoI-cnn-sv am{X-a, ss_p apJ-kn-s\-Xn-cn Pkvdow ]-Xn X-fpsS kz-amsbmcp aXtI{w m]n-p-I-bpw, AXv Ckvdm-Cu-eycpsS tI{-amn amp-Ibpw sNbvXp. {ItaW blq-Z-cpw kman-cn-cpw Xn-ep-mbn-cp AI IqSp-X hnp.
t]jy km{am-Py-ns ]X-\-hpw Ae-Ivkm- N{I-hn-bpsS hnPbfpw blq-Zn-Iv hopw hnj-a- hcp-n-sh-p-I-bp-mbn. {Kov N{Ihnam PqXaX-tmSpw kwkvIm-c-tmSpw ITn-\-amb hntcm[w shp]pepIbpw, {Kov kwkvIm-c-w Ahcn ASn-t]n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. X^-eambn Hcp hn`mKw blq-Z {Kov hkv{X--fpw `mj-bpw {Kov Pohn-X-co-Xn-Ifpw
kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw, asmcp hn`mKw X-fpsS kwkvIm-c-n Dd-p-\npIbpw
sNbvXp. As\ {In. -ap: 175-, Ayq-kv \mem-a A[n-Im-c-nhcn-I-bpw,
PqX-a-X-sbpw kwkvIm-c-sbpw XpS-p-\o-m Xocp-am-\n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Atlw ss_p apJ--knse ssl-en Hcp henb hn{Klw {]Xn-jvTnv
PqXamsc \n_--]qw AXn kmmw-Kw sNn-np. PqXam Ah-cpsS
_ene-p-shv _en-b-dp-p-Xv \ntcm-[n-p-I-bpw, ]Icw _lp-ssZh hnizmkn-IfpsS _enepshpXs _en-b-dp--W-sapw I]n-p. X-fpsS
hoSp-I-fn Xudmv kqn-p-I-tbm, kmv \nb-a- ]menp-I-tbm,
km\-fpsS tNem-Iw \S-p-Itbm sNp-h
- v h[in hn[n-p. ]t
Cu ASn--asImv blq-Zsc ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-m km[n-n-sv am{X-a-,
"am_n {]m\w' F t]cn Ncn-{X-n {]knn t\Snb i-amb Hcp
{]m\w Ahn- S - b n cq]wsImpIbpw sNbv X p. {Kov kwkv I mcw
ssIsm PqXam am_n {]m\s ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-m Amnbmcmb A{I-an-Isf klm-bn-p-sIm-n-cppsh-nepw sb{kmbpsS A[ym-]-\ i-ambn kzm[o\w sNep-n-b-Xn-\m km[m-c-W-mcmb PqXam am_nIfpsS ]wtNcp-Ibpw, Ah-km\w Ah {Kop-Imsc ]cm-P-b-s-Spn thZns ASn-m-\-n- \oXn-bp--amb `cWw m]n-pIbpw sNbvXp. Cu
CkvdmAv (17)
553
`cWw apv blqZCkvdm-Cu cm{--fpsS Iogn-ep-m-bn-cp apgp-h {]tZ-i-sfbpw Dsmncp-pshv am{X-a-, ZmhqZv \_n-bp-sSbpw kpsse-am \_nbp-sSbpw Imev ssIh-i-s-Sp-m Ign-bm-Xn-cp ^nen-kvXymbpsS hen-sbmcp
`mKwIqSn A[o-\-s-Sp-m\pw, {In. -ap: 67 hsc \ne-\nm\pw km[np.
7.
\n \ sNpI-bm-sW-n; \n \ sNp-Xv \nv

thn Xs-bm-Wv. C\n \n Xn sNpI-bm-sW-n AXns
tZmjhpw \nv Xs. As\ cmas hmKvZns
kabw h-tm- \n-fpsS apJw hnIr-Xa
- m-p-X
- n-\pw, BZy XhW
Xn-bd
- nb-Xp-t]mse i{Xp- ]n-bnss_-p apJ-k
- n
Xnb-dp--Xn-\pw, InInpsXmw XIs-dn-bp--Xn-\pw th-n \mw(ap P\-X-v) \n-fp-sS-ta Ah-kcw \In.
AAv-dm^v: 178, dAvZv: 11 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. {ItaW Ah- {K-ns

hn[n-hn-e-p-I-fn \nv -AIpt]m-hp-I-bpw hnhn[ InIfm-bn-ov Xn-eSn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A^m: 46- t\m-p-I. ùXnI ]qPbnepw Bm-hn-m
Bcm[\m NS-p-I-fnepw apgp-Inb Ahv ]noSv tdma B[n-]-Xy-n-\p- IosgmXp-t-n-h-p. {In. ap: 40 -apX 4hsc \ne-\n "sltcmZ'bpsS `c-W-Imev,
Atlw Hcp `mKv PqX-t\-Xm-sf tkhn-p-sImv PqXam-cpsS {]oXn Ic-am-p-Ibpw adp-h-iv tdma kwkvImcw Ah-cn {]N-cn-n-p-I-bpw sNbvXp.
{Inkv X m_v Z w 6mw hj- n "AKkv kv k ok' Ahsc Iog- S n cmPyw
Xssbmcp KhdpsS Iogn-em-n. Cukm \_n Ckvdm-Cueysc D-cn-m
{ian-tm PqX-t\-Xm- kwL-Snv At-ls FXn-pIbpw, tdma Khdm-bn-cp "]nem-tm-kn'-s\-smv At-ls h[n-m D]-Pm]w \S-n-sImn-cpXpw Cm-e-m-bn-cpp.
"sltcm-Z'-bpsS ]p{X "sltcmZ Cnmkv' hS- ê-kvXo-s Keo
taJ-e-bpsSbpw Ing tPmm-sbpw cmPm-hmbn. Ctl-amWv Hcp \-InbpsS Bh-iy-{]-Imcw blvbm {]hm-NIs incv Adp--Xv. _Jd: 61 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I. sltcm-ZbpsS aqm-as ]p{X "^nen-tm-kv' ^ntam ]Xw
apX baqIv \Zn-h-sc-bp {]tZ-i--fpsS cmPm-hm-bn. tdmam--{Kov kwkvIm-c-fn IqSp-X BIr--\m-bn-cp- Ctl-ns \mn kXy-ns Hcp
IWnIt]mepw \ne-\npI {]bm-kI
- cam-bn-cp-p. ]noSv sltcm-Zm-bpsS Imev
At-l-ns A[o-\-X-bn-ep-m-bn-cp Fm {]tZ-i--fpsSbpw cmPm-hmbn Atl-ns ]u{X "sltcmZ A{Kn-msb' tdma-m hmgn-p. Ctlw Cukm
\_n-bpsS A\p-bm-bn-Ifmb lhm-cn-pI-fpsS t\Xr-Xz-n \S-n-cp kwkvIcW {]h-\-sf in-bmbn ASn-a--an-. Cm-es PqXam-cpsS A[x]-X-\-s-p-dnv a\-n-em-m ]pXnb \nb-a-nse \mev ]pkvX-I--fnep
Cukm \_nbpsS {]kw-K-- hmbn-t--Xm-Wv.
blvbm \_nsbtmep ]cn-ip--\mb Hcp a\p-jys\ h[n-p-I-f-npw
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
B P\-X-bn\nv Hcp {]Xn-tj-[kzcw t]mepw s]mn-h-n-. kap-Zm-b-nse
apgp-h aX]ptcm-ln-Xamcpw Cukm ako-lns\ h[n-W
- s
- av Bh-iy-s-t- m
ip-KX
- n-m-cmb A]w-t] am{Xta AXns\ FXnm-\p-m-bn-cp-p-q. tdma
Khdmb ]nem-tmkv B sI P\-X-tbmSv tNmZnp: Cv \n-fpsS BtLmj
Znh-k-am-Wv, \mp k{Zm-b-a-\p-k-cnv h[-in-v hn[n Ip-hm-fn-I-fn Hcmsf
hn-b-m A\p-hm-Z-ap-v. ]d-bp-I: tbip-hn-s\-bm-tWm, AtXm _d-mkv F
sIm-m-c-s\bmtWm hn-b-tXv? Ah GI kzc-n ]dp: _d-mkns\ hn-b-p-I. Ah Am-lp-hns inv Al-cm-bngnn-cn-p-psh--Xns sXfn-hm-bn-cpp Ch-sbmw. _Jd: 57, 251 t\mp-I.
554
Gsdmew Ign-bp--Xn-\p-apv, {InkvXphn\ptijw 70-, tdmam N{Ihnbmbncp "ssSkv' Hcp henb ssk\nI\ow \SpIbpw Pdq-ktew
]-Wh
- pw sslepw XIv Xcn-W
- a
- m-pIbpw sNbvXp. CtXmS-\p-_
- nv\S
Iq-sm-e-bn Hcpen]cw Bfp-I h[n--s-SpI-bpw Ac-e--tmfw
t]sc XS-hn-emp-I-bpw A{X Xs Bfp-Isf \mSp-I-S-p-I-bpw sNbvXp. Bbnc--W-n\v Bfp-Isf ASn-a-IfmpIbpw, Ah Bw^n Xnt--dnepw sImtfm-knb-nepw h\y-ar-K--fp-ambn a]n-Spw \Sn acn-p-hogpIbpw, Bbp[ A`ymknIv ss\]pWyw ]co-n-m-\p D-f
- mhpIbpw sNbvXp. Ah-cn BtcmKyhpw ku-cy-hp-ap s]Ip-n-Isf-sbmw tPXm- kz-am-n. C{]-Im-camWv Amlp PqX-mcpsS apJw hnIr-X-am-n-bXv. amCZ: 26 t\mp-I. tijw 1948
hsc Xe-bp-bm ]m coXn-bn PqXam-cpsS k-hn[ AS-bm-f-fpw
XpS-p-\o--s-p. CXm-bn-cpp kq-n ]d cm-as Ipg-hpw AXns\-p-Sv PqXamv e`n in-bpw. BenCwdm: 110-112 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
apl-Zv \_nv tijw apXphj ]nn-t- m-tgpw apkvenwI hyXnN-en-p-Ibpw \memw Jeo^ Aen-tbm-Sp-IqSn bYm CkvemanI Jnem-^v
Ah-km-\n-p-Ibpw, Xm-\v cmP-hmgvNv XpSw Ipdn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
apkvenwI ]cn-]qW-ambn ZpjnpIgn--tm Xmm-cn-I, awtKm-fn-b,
lqWam XpS-nb \njvTq-cam-cmb P\-XIfm Ah A{I-an-s-Sp-Ibpw
AXn-P-bn--sSp-Ibp-ap-m-bn. Atmgp-w C{km-bo k-Xn-I-fn \-S-n-em-nb
AtX Ncy-Xs
- -bmWv Amlp \S-n-em-n-bX
- v. Am-lp-hns \S-]S- n-{Iaw JpB\m-sWpw AXn\v am-an-spw Ckvdm-Av: 77 s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I.
Fm Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nIvt]mb apkvenw P\X, Cv Cu kq-sfmw ]mcm-bWw sNp-p-s-nepw AXns "kam-\-amb D]-tam-Zm-l-c-W' Dsm-m-Xp-Im-cWw Amlp tIm]n- i]n PqXamtc-m A[x]-Xnp-I-bpw, B PqXam-cpsS Ic-sImv \ny-ambn ASn--asSpIbpw
sNp ImgvN-bmWv temI-s-hn-sSbpw ImWm km[n-p-I. Cm-ev JpB AWp-]-tbm-Knv ISn-p-]nSn-v Ccw A{I-an-I-fmb P-\-X-bn\nv AIp-\nesIm-m-\mWv "l-p hnZm-C' shp-Xs \_n ]Tn-n-n-p--Xv.
CkvdmAv (17)
555
An-km-Av: 133, amCZ: 82, \lv: 125 hniZoIcWw t\mp-I.

8.
\n-fpsS \mY \n-tfmSv C\nbpw IcpW ImWn-t-mw. Fm

\n hopw AXn-{I-aw ImWnp-I-bm-sW-n \mapw {]Xn-IcnpXmWv. kXy\ntj[n-Iv \mw \cIpWvTw aS---e-ambn
shn-pap-v.
A^m: 19 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Jp-B Ah-X-cn-ptm aZo-\-bnep-m-bn-cp PqX-m-tcm-SmWv Cu A`n-kw-t_m-[\. \n apl-Zv \_nsb
AwKo-Ic
- nv kXyns hgn-bn-tev hcn-Ib
- m-sW-n \ntfmSv ImcpWyw ImWnp--Xpw \nfpsS ]m]- s]mdp-p-X-cp-Xp-am-Wv. adnv apkq---fn
]d--{]-Imcw AXn-{Iaw XpScpI-bm-sW-n \nv \mw CltemI-v \nyXbpw ]c-tem-Iv AXn-I-Tn-\amb inbpamWv \Ip-I. PqX-sc A`n-kw-t_m[\wsNbvXv ]d Ccw kq- Cv apkvenwIv am{X-amWv _m[-I-amhpI Fv {]tXyIw {in-p-I. ImcpWyw sIm-p-t-in-p-Xv Jp-B-\ns
Bi-b-amWv. AXv Sn-mbn D]-tbm-Kn-p--hv kzK-n-tev Xs Xncnp
t]mImw. AXv Inn-bnv aqSn-sh-p-h
- c
- psS aSw \c-I
- n-te-p-am-bn-cn-pw. _Jd:
39, ABw: 26, bq\pkv: 17, C_vdmlow: 30 t\mp-I.
9.
\nbw Cu Jp-B, Fm hnj-b-nepw Gw sNmmb hgn-bntev amK-Zi\w sNpXpw \nbw, hniz-kn-p-Ib

- pw kIaw
sNp-Ibpw sNphv hn {]Xn-ê
- a
- p-sv ktmj-hm
Adn-bnpXpam-Wv.
\_n ]Tn-np: \nbw Cu Jp-B kzbw ip]mi- sNp-Xpw ip]mi

sNn-np--XpamWv. BcmtWm AXns\ ]n]-p--Xv Ahs\ AXv kzK-ntev Fn-pIXs sNpw. BcmtWm AXns\ Ah-K-Wn-p--Xv Ahs\
AXv \c-I-n-tev Xn-hn-Sp-Ibpw sNp-w. apIv: 13-, \n-b-ambpw X-fpsS
\mYs\ ImWmsXIvJp-B-\ns Bib-n Iv \ne-sIm-p--h-v
]m]-tam-N\
- hpw hn {]Xn-ê
- hpapv Fv ]d-n-pv. Am-lp-hns Imb
Jp-B-\ns Bibw samw a\p-jy-cn-tev Fnp sImSpv Ahsc Pohn-Xeyw a\-n-emn sFIy-s-Sm\pw c-sm-cn-n C-m-Xm-m\pw `qan AXns
kp-e-\-n \ne-\nm\pw {ian--emWv Cv kIaw sImp-t-in-pXv. \n-fn Ghpw D-a Jp-B\ns Bibw ]Tn-pIbpw ]TnnpIbpw
sNp--h-\mWv Fv \_n ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcpfpw AXmWv. _Jd: 185186,
BenCw-dm: 79, AAvdm^v: 170, Xu_: 35-36, dAvZv: 27, \lv: 89 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
10.
\nbambpw ]c-tem-IwsImv hniz-kn-m--hv thZ-\m-P-\-Iamb inbmWv \mw Hcpnsh-np-Xv.
556
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Jp-B-\ns aqn-semv kq- ]c-tem-Is hc-p-Im-Wn-p--XmWv. ]c-tem-I-n hniz-kn-m--h F-Xn\p]Icw ]c-temIwsImv hnizkn-m--h Fp-]-d--Xn\nv Jp-B kq- kan-p ]c-tem-IwsImv hniz-kn-m--h Fm-Wv. Ah FmWv Jp-B? Fn-\mWv
Jp-B? Fp-sImv JpB? Fsmpw {Kln-m-h
- c
- pw, bYm \ntj[nI-fpam-Wv. Ah km-Zn-p-Xv \c-Ihp-am-Wv. Ckm: 3 Amlp ]d-bpp:
\n-{]-I-Sn-n-p--h Asn \n-sI--h Fo cm-semcp amKw sXscs-Sp-m- \mw amK-Zi\w \In. 4, \nbw Jp-B Inn-bnv D]-tbmKn-m Im^n-dp-Iv \mw hf-b--fpw, N-e-I-fpw, In-bm-fp \c-Ihpw Hcpn-sh-n-pv Fpw]-d
n-pv. k_-Av: 19-, X-tfm-Sp-Xs A{Iaw ImWn
k_-Av hmkn-Isf On-`n--am-n--f -Imcyw ]d--tijw 20-, C_veokv
Ahs B{Klw Ah-cn kXy-s-Spn, Ah-cn Hcp hn`mKw hnizm-kn-I-sfmgnsI ap--h-scmw Ahs\ ]n]pIbpwsNbvXp Fp-]-d-bp-p. 21, Ah\v
Ah-cp-sS-ta bmsXmcp A[n-Im-chpapm-bn-cp-n. ]c-tem-I-s-smv hnizkn--h\msc-pw, AXns Imcy-n kwi-b-ap-h-\mscpw \apv Xncn--dnbmthnbmsX ]n-im-Nn\v Cu Ign-hpIsfmpw \In-bn-n. \ns \mY
FmImcy-fpw kqnph Xs-bm-Ip-p Fpw ]dbppv. am-CZ: 94
t\mp-I. _Jd: 99, Ben-Cw-dm: 185, Ankm-Av: 150-151, lqZv: 1719, \lv:
11.
a\p- j y KpW- n- \ p- t hn {]mn- pXpt]mse Xnpthnbpw {]mnpp. a\p-jy Gsd [rXn ImWn-p
XsbmIp-p.
Jp-B-\ns Bi-bwsImv Ah-c-hsc Xncn--dn-bm, Pohn-X-eyw Xncn-dn-bm, Am-lp-hnsNcy Xncn--dn-bmh-cpsS kz`m-h-amWv Cu kq-n
hc-p-Im-Wn-n-p--Xv. \o Rsf `b-s-Sp-p B in-bnv sImp-hcq
Fv Fm-Im-e-p-ap \ntj-[n-I hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Bh-iy-s-Sp--Xm-Wv.
A^m: 32, bq\p-kv: 48 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Pohn-X-eyw a\-n-em-m
hnVvUn-I-fmb A-cw Bfp-I-tfmSmWv, \n \pthn {]mn-p--Xn\v
]Icw inv thn-bmtWm {]mnp-Xv Fv tNmZn-p--Xv. bq\pkv:
1112 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fpsS A{I-afpw A[-fpw
ImcWw Ahcn Amlp-hns in hcW-sav B{K-ln-p hnizm-kn-ItfmSv:
a\p-jy-cn \ntj-[n-I-fpsS ([rXnImWn-p)Cu kz`mhw \n-fnepmh-cpXv,
adnv \n `qan-bpsS Bbpv \o-mthn Dt-inv {]hn-p am-ep-fm-th--Xm-Wv FmWv Cu kqw ]d-bp-Xv. ABw: 35, bq\p-kv: 99-100, lqZv:
118-119 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
[rXn Cl-tem-I-n-\p-th-nbpw a ]c-tem-I-n-\p-th-n-bp-ap--Xm-Wv.
AXp-sIm-p-Xs Am-lp-hns amK-n-ep ZoLm-bp-n-\p-thn {]mn-
CkvdmAv (17)
557
mh hnizm-kn-If
- m-hp-Ib
- n-. A-a\pw [rXn-m-c\pamb a\p-jy Xmew
Bh-iy-ap Imcy-p-th-n ZoL-ho--W-an-msX {]mn-pp. ]noSv
Ah\v Xs A\p-`-h-n\nv a\nem-m\mhpw, Av Xs {]m\
Amlp kzoI-cn-n-cp-s-neXv X\nv F{X tZmj-ambncptt\sbv. lqZv: 1517 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Pohn-X-eyw a\-n-em-p--Xn\pthn Jp-B-\ns
Bibw a\pjycn-tev Fn-p-sImSp-p-I-bmWv kzKw ]Wn-bp-Xn\p-
amKsav hnizm-kn-I a\-n-em-pw. AXmWv \_n Aensb D]-tZinpI hgn
]TnnXv: `qan-bn-ep kkzw t\Sp--Xn-t\-m \n\-p-aw Hcp hnizmknsb
hms-Spv kzK-n-tev ASp-n-em-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm: 91 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI. ^pkzn-ev: 34--35 Amlp ]d-bpp: \bpw Xnbpw ka-am-hp-I-bn, \o Ghpw \-Xp-sImvJp-BsImv Xnsb {]Xn-tcm-[n-p-I, Atm
\nsbpw Bcp-sSbpw CS-bn-emtWm i{Xp-X-bp-Xv Ah \ns B-an-{X-ambn
hcp-XpImWmw. Fm CXv am-ep-pw alm`mKyhmamp-amsX
km[np-I-b n- . Jkzkv: 79-, hnh- c- a n- m Bfp- I Jmdq\ns ku`mKyspdnv, Hm Rv Jmdq\v \In-b-Xp-t]m-ep A\p-{K-l- Inn-bncp-s-n! Ah alm`mKy-hm Xs! Fp]d--tm AdnhvJp-B-\ns
Bi-bw e`n--h ]dp: \nv \miw, hniz-kn-p-I-bpw kI-
sNp-Ibpw sNp--hv Am-lp-hns {]Xn-^-e-amWv D-aw. Fm amep-msX AXv e`n-p-I-bn.
Hcn \_n ]n-bn {]th-in--tm Hcphn`mKw BfpI Jp-B
hmbnpsImncnp-I-bm-bn-cp-p. Atm \_n ]dp: \n Jp-B
hmbnp-I, AXpsImv Am-lp-hn-t\mSv tNmZn-p-Ibpw sNp-IHcp P\X hcp- X n\v apv , Ah Hcp sXn \np- s Imv Jp- B hmbn- p- hcpw
AXpsImv s]sv KpWw In-W-sav [rXn-s-Sph-cp-am-bncnpw. AhcXn
]d Ah-[n-p-thn]-c-tem-I-n-\p-thn Imn-cn-p-Ibn-. Cs
apkvenwIsfpdnmWv \_n Cu ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p--Xv Fv a\-n-em-mw.
Ah Jp-B\
- ns Bibw samw ]Tn-m- {ian-m-h
- c
- pw, ap-h
- v Fnp-sIm-Sp-m--h-cpamWv. Sn-mtbm, Xpem-km-tbm, Dm-gvN-Zm-b-I-am-tbm, tcmKi-a\-amtbm AXv D]-tbm-K-s-Spm-h-cpamWh. Bm-hmb Bibw ]Tnm- \ mWv Ffp- - a m- n- b n- p- - s Xncn- s (Ja: 17), AXn\v Xm- d n- msX
AhcXns icocw Xnv hnn\nv Av sXdn-p-t]m-Ip hn[-n Zo\n\nv
sXdn-p-t]m-bn-sm-n-cn-p-I-bmWv. AAvdm^v: 199-200, Xu_: 80, 123, \lv: 127
t\mp-I.
12.
cm{Xn-sbbpw ]I-en-s\bpw \mw cv Zrm--fmn-bn-cn-p-p.

cm{XnbmIp Zrm-s anbXpw, ]IemIp Zrm-s \mw
Dm-gvN-Zm-b-Ihp-am-n-bn-cn-pp. \n \nfpsS \mY-\n
\np- HuZmcyw tXSp--Xn-\p-w, hj--fpsS Fhpw IWpw
\n Adn-bp--Xn-\p-th-n-bpw. FmIm-cyfpw \mw(JpB\n)
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
558
hy-ambn hniZoI-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p.

cm{Xn-sb an-bXpw ]I-ens\ Dm-gvN-Zm-b-I-hp-amn Fp-]-d--Xns
hnh-; cm{Xn s]mXpsh Ccp-m-Wv, AhnsS hkvXp- ImWm {]Imiw D]tbm-Kn-t--Xp-v. Fm ]I kqcy-{]-Im-i-m {]tim-`n-X-am-Wv. cm{Xnsb
Ccp-p-X
- mn Fp-]d
- bmsX an-bX
- mn Fp-]d
-
Xv cm{Xn-If
- n N{-sbpw
\{X--fp-sSbpw {]Imiw e`n-pp F-XpsIm-m-Wv. \_Av: 13- Amlp
]d-bpp: \mw BIm-iv In-{]-Im-in-p hnf-ns\ Dm-n, B kqcys\pdnv ]Tn-m AXns\ krnv kwhn-[m-\n {km-hns\ Ismhp--Xm-Wv.
AXp-sIm-mWv AXns\ {]Im-ia
- p-X
- mn F-Xn-\p-]I
- cw Dm-gvNZ- m-bI
- a
- mn
Fp]-d
X
- v. Am-lp-hns\ Is-m D]-tbm-Kn-p-X
- p-sImv Jp-B\
- ns
samw Bibsbpw Dm-gvN-Zm-bIw Fp-]-d-bpp. AAv-dm^v: 203 t\mpI.
{]IrXn Pohn-X-a-\p-k-cnv Am-lp-hns A\p-{K-l- tXtSXv ]I-en-emWv,
cm{XnbmIs hn{i-an-p--Xn-\p--Xm-Wv. Fm Cv Fm cwK-fnepsa-t]mse a\p-jy CXnepw am- hcp-n-sImn-cn-p-p. Cu kqn
am{X-a Fm -kq---fnepw BZyw cm{Xn-tbbpw ]ns ]I-en-s\bpw ]cm-ainp--Xn \npw temIn\v XpSw Ipdn-Xv cm{XnbmsWpw, Hcp ]I Ahkm-\n-p--tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn- temIw Ah-km-\n-p-sapw, imiz-X-amb Ccp-n-tev Xs-Spsapw a\-n-emmw. temI-n\v Bcw-`w Ipdn-Xpw Ayw IpdnpXpw
Hcp shn-bmgvNbmsWv \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. hnNm-c-W-\m-fnse {]Imiw Xs
dns {]Im-i-m {]tim`n-p `qan-bp-tS-Xm-bn-cn-p-sav kpa: 69- ]dn-p-v. Ben-Cw-dm: 190-194, AAvdm^v: 52, Xu_: 108, bq\pkv: 5, \lv: 89
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
13.
Fm Hmtcm a\p-jycpsSbpw `mKy-\n`mKy Ahs ]nc-Sn-bn

\mw _n-n-p-v. hn[n-Zn-hkw AsXmcp {]Im-in-p Xpd {Kam-bnv Ah\v \mw ]pds-Spv sImSp-p--Xp-am-Wv.
14.
\ns {Kw \o hmbn-p-I. Ct-Zn\w \ns hnNm-cWv \o Xs

Ghpw aXnbmb-h-\m-Ipp.
Fm Hmtcm a\p-jysbpw hn[n(I-tcJ) Ah-s ]nc-Snbn _n-npv. AXmbXv AhcpsS P\\w, ac-Ww, Pohn-X-Im-ew, {]hr-n-I, kzK-nte-tm \c-I-n-te-tm XpS-nb Imcy--sfmw {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Amlp
AXn tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p-v FmWv ]Tn-n-p-Xv. _Jd: 28, An-km-Av: 1,
78-79, AAvdm^v: 172173 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
I-tcJ:
Ilv^v: 49- Amlp ]d-bpp: {KwI-tcJ lmP-cm--s-Sp-Ibpmbn, Atm {`mam XfpsS {]h\ {K-nepXn {]bm-k-
CkvdmAv (17)
559
s-Sp--Xmbn \n\v ImWmw. Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpw: CsX-smcp {K-am-Wv,
sNdptXm heptXm Bb HpwXs sImnshmsXtc-J-s-Sp-m-sX CXn
hnp-I-f-n-ntm! Ah Cl-n {]hn--sXmw AhcXn Is-p-Xm-Wv. \ns \mY BtcmSpw A]w-t]mepw A\oXn ImWn-p--h-\- (CmXv tNp-I-tbm, DXv hnp-I-f-bp-Itbm C). Pmknb: 28- Amlp ]dbpp: Av Fm kap-Zm-b-sbpw app-Ip-n-bXmbn \o ImWp--Xpam-Wv. Fm
Hmtcm-cp-cpw Ah-cpsS {K--n-tev hnfn--s-Sp--Xpw, Av \nv
\nfpsS {]h\n\v A\p-k-cn-p {]Xn-êw \Is-Sp--Xp-am-Wv. 29,
CXm \psS {Kw, AXv \n-fpsS {]hr-n-I (kXy-tm-Sp-IqSn) \n-fp-sSta {]Xn-^-en-np--Xm-Wv. \n-b-w \mw \n {]hn-p-sIm-n-cp--sXmw
sImn-sh-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. bmko: 12 Amlp ]d-bpp: \n-b-w \mw acn-hsc Pohn-n-pI Xs sNpw. \mw Ah- apv {]hn-Xpw Ah-cpsS ss]XrI-fpw tcJ-s-Sp-p-p-v. Fm Hmtcm hkvXp-Xbpw Hcp hy-amb Cam-an
I-tc-J-bn sImn-shnp-apv. \_-Av: 29-, Fm Hmtcm Imcyhpw \mw
hy-amb Hcp {K-n sImn-sh-n-p-v Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
Cu kq--fn-semw ]d {Kw Hmtcm a\p-jycpw Ah-c-h-cpsS ]ncSnbn hln-p {Kw tkm^vpth BsWv a\-n-emmw. hn[n- Zn-hkw
B {Kw ]nc-Sn-bn \nv Ducn-sb-Spv {]Im-in-p Xpd Ir-{Xnaw ImWnm ]m- ]pkvX-I-ambn Amlp Hmtcm-cp-pw \Ip--Xpw, Ah-c-hcpsS hnNm- c W Hmtcm- c p- - s c- s mpw \S- n- p- - X p- a mWv . B {Kw
FgpXpX, adnv sImn-sh-pXmWv FmWv ]d-n-p--Xv. Iyq-
tkm^vp-thdns\pdnv a\-n-em-nb Cm-es Bfp-Iv ]nc-Sn-bn _nn-p {Kspdnv icnpw a\-n-em-m-hp--Xm-Wv. Fm F{X Zrm- Imepw a\p-jycn A[n-I-t]cpw ]mTw ]Tn-p-I-bn Fv bq\pkv:
92 ]d-Xpw kXy-ambn ]petc-Xp-v. dAvZv: 31 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
kpKvdp^v: 80- Amlp ]d-bpp: Ah-cpsS clkyhpw clkykw`m-jWhpw \mw tIp-n-s-mtWm Ah IW-p-Iq-p-Xv? A; \psS ZqXam
Ah-cpsS ] Fm \o-fpw Fgp-Xn-sm-n-cn-p-p-v. Jm^v: 18- Amlp
]d-bpp: Ah-s\mcp hmpw D-cn-p-n-, Ah-s-ta "dJot_m AotZm'
Fgp-Xn-bn--msX. C^nXzm: 11-12 Amlp ]d-bpp: _lp-am-\y-cmb cv
Fgp-p-Im, Ah \n {]hn-p--sXmw Adn-bppv. ChnsS ]d
{Kw ae-p-I Fgp-Xp--XmWv Fv a\-n-emmw. Dd-p-tmgpw P\m-_-pmbn Npcp-n-bXv hpfp FSpv ipn-bm-IpXp-h-scbpw, ae-aq{X hnk\w
sNp-tmgpw ae-p-I Fgp-Xp-I-bn-sv \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Fm ]nc-Snbn shn-p {K-n B k`-f
- nepw, lrZ-b
- f
- psS Ah-h
- sc sImnsh-p-pv. ae-p-I tcJ-s-Sp-p-Xv ]nc-Sn-bn _n-n-p Iyq-d
- n-tev
]Ip-Xv Fm XnfmgvN cmhp-If
- nepw shnbmgvN cmhp-If
- nepamsWv \_n
]Tn-n-n-p-v. a\p-jy-sc \ne-bn kw`-hn-p sNdnb sXp-I Iyq--dn-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
tev ]Ip--Xn\v apmbn \a-kvIm-c--fn s]mdp--ens\ tXSnsmv Ahc-hv ambvp-I-f-bm-hp--Xm-Wv. Iyq--dn-tev tcJ-s-Sp-n-b-Xn-\p-tijw ambvp-I-f-b-W-sa-n, s]mdp--ens\ tXSp--Xn-t\m-sSmw {]mbnw sNp-Ibpw
thWw. Cv AXn\v DNn-X-amb amKw Jp-B-\ns Bibw ap--hv Fnp-sIm-SppIhgn Ahsc t_m[-hmam-cm-p-Ibpw sXp-Ip---fn\nv AIv
\np--Xn\v Ahsc {]m]vX-cm-p-I-bp-am-Wv. bq\pkv: 61, lqZv: 3 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
560
hn[n-Zn-hkw Jp-B-\ns Bibw Xpem-kmbn D]-tbm-Kn-mWv hn[n I]npI Fv kpa: 69, 75 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. AAv-dm^v: 8-9 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I. Atm BcmtWm Jp-B kq- hp-In-nbnv AXns\ AhK-Wn-v Pohn--Xv, kwkm-cn--Xv, {]h-n-Xv Ahv CS-Xp-I-n-epw, BcmtWm
Jp-B-\ns Bibw "_plm-\m'bn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-b-Xv, AXv Pohn-X-n
IqSp-X I-Xv, tI-Xv, kwkm-cn-Xv Ahv \msf he-Xp-I-nepw {Kw Inp-Xm-Wv. Ah ku`mKyhmam-cpw, hnNm-c-W-p-tijw kzK-n-tev t]mIp-h-cp-ambncn-pw. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-samw Adn-nv ]n]m-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw
P\-v ]d-p-sIm-Sp-m-sX aqSn-shp-Ibpw sNp, Am-lp-hnsbpw hnizmkn-I-fp-sSbpw i{Xp--fmb I]-S-hn-izmknI hnNm-c-W-bn-msX \c-I-n-tev
t]mIp-XmWv Fv A-n-km-Av: 145 ]d-npv. An-kmAv: 118-s hniZo-Ic
- W
- s
- ampw ]cn-KW
- n-msX, Jp-Bs\ Ah-KW
- nv I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-Isf ]n]n
`qcn-]--ns PohnXw \bnv hgn-tI-Sn-emb Im^n-dp-I hnNm-c-W-p-tijw
"R Im^n-dm-bn-cpp' Fv kz-n-s\-Xnsc kmyw-h-ln--Xn-\p-tijambncnpw \c-I-ntev sXfn--s-SpI Fv kp-a: 71 ]d-npv. AAv-dm^v:
37, \lv: 64, 111 hni-Zo-I-c-Ww t\mpI.
apAvan\q: 105 {]Imcw, Fs kq- \n-fp-sSta hni-Zo-I-cnv
Xtmsgmw \n AXns\ Xn--d-p-sIm-n-cp-nt Fv \c-I-hm-knI-tfmSv Amlp tNmZn-p-tm 106mw kq{]Imcw Ah adp-]Sn \Ip-XmWv: R-fpsS \mYm, R-fpsS `mKy-lo-\X Rsf Iog-S
- n. \nbw R
hgn-]n-g Hcp P\X Xs-bm-bn-cp-p. 107-, R-fpsS \mYm, Rsf ChnsS\nv
Hv]pd-s-Sp-hn-m-epw, C\n R AXn-{I-aw ImWn-p-Ibm-sW-n Atm
R A{I-an-I Xs-bm-bn-cn-pw. 108- Amlp ]dbpp: \n AXn
\ny-cmbn Ign-p-Iq-Sp-I, FtmSv \n kwkm-cn-tb AcpXv. Pmknb: 31-
Amlp ]d-bpp: Atm Jp-Bs\ aqSn-sh Im^n-dp-I-tfm, Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-XmWv: \n-fp-sS-ta Fs kq hni-Zo-I-cnv Xn-p-m-bn-cp-n-t,
Atm \n Al--cn-p, \n {`mam-cmb Hcp P\X Xs-bm-bn-cp-p.
{`mam Bcm-sWv a\-n-em-p--Xn\v AAv-dm^v: 40, bq\pkv: 17 hni-Zo-IcWw
t\mp-I.
"XzmC-' FXn\v iIp\w Fpw, ]n Fpw A-fpv. Hcp \mntev Ab-s
- aqv {]hm-NI
- am, R \n-fn-tev A-b
- s ZqXam
CkvdmAv (17)
561
Xs-bm-Wv, Am-lp-hns ktiw hy-ambn Fn-p-X-cn-I-b-msX R-fpsS-ta _m[y-Xb
- n- Fv ]dtm B P\X adp-]Sn ]dp: \nbw \nsf
R-fpsS Zpx-Ip-\-am-bn-mWv R ImWpXv, \n CXn\npw hnc-an-nn-s-n \n Is-dn-bs-Sp-I-bpw, \nv R-fn\nv thZ-\m-P-\-Iamb in ]nSn-s]-Sp-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. Atm {]hm-N-Iam ]dp: \nfpsS Zpx-Ip\w \n-tfm-sSmw Xs-bm-Ip-p. \nv ap-dn-bnv \Ism
CXmtWm nXn, A; \n \mi-Im-cn-I-fmb Hcp P\X Xs-bm-Ip-p Fv
bmko: 1719 ]d-n-p-v. An-km-Av: 51, A-Avdm^v: 131, A^m: 55, \lv:
2, 90-91 Iqn-hmbnp-I.
15.
B kamKw kzoI-cnpthm, Atm \n-bw Ah Ah-\pthn Xs-bmWv kamKw kzoIcn--Xv. B hgn-tI-Sn-em-Ippthm, Atm \nbw hgn- t ISns tZmjhpw Ahv
XsbmWv. `mcw hln-p Hcmfpw asmcp-hs `mcw hln-pIbn. Hcp {]hm-NI
- s\ \ntbm-Kn-p-X
- p-hsc \mw inn-p-h
- \
- mhpI-bp-an-.
samw a\p-jyv kamK-amb Jp-B D]-tbm-K-s-Spn Bsc-nepw

kamK-n-em-bm AXns KpWw Ahv Xs-bm-Wv. AXv hpInn-bnv
kzbw D]-tbm-Kn-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw, ap--hv \Im-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--h
ap--h-cpsS ]m]-`mcwIqSn hlnv \c-I-n t]mtI-n-h-cp-Xpam-Wv. \lv:
\lv: 36-, Fm Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-n-tepw Hcp {]hm-N-Is\ \ntbm-Knn-pv Fp-]-d
-npv. apl-Zv \_n \ntbm-Kn--s-Xpap-X Ay-\mhsc-bp Fm-hpw apl-Zv\_nsb XsbmWv {]hm-N-I-\mbn \n-bn-n-p-Xv. AAvdm^v: 157-158 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Cv apl-Zv \_n-bpsS PohnXw
Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nv a\-n-emn, \_n-bpsS \S-w, Ccpw, InSw
Fnh P\--v kmysSp-t--Xv Jp-B hln-phcpsS _m[y-XbmWv. _Jd: 143,146 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. AXv \n-ln-ph hnizm-kn-I
am{X-am-Wv. Am--h-scmw Jp-B Inn-b-h Im^n-dp-I-fp-am-Wv. _Jd: 39
t\mp-I.
`mcw hln-p Hcmfpw asm-cm-fpsS `mcw hln-p-I-bn Fp-]-d--Xns
hnh-, Hmtcm-cp-cpw Hbvsm--bvmbmWv Am-lp-hns apn Dcw
]dtb-Xv, Hmtcm-cp-cpw ChnsS kzKw ]Wn-tb--Xm-Wv, As-n \c-I-ntembn-cnpw Ah aS-s
- -SpI Fm-Wv. ABw: 165, AAvd
- m^v: 178, bq\pkv:108,
lqZv: 120, \lv: 37, 102 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
16.
\mw Hcp \mSns\ \in-n-m-\p-t-in-m AXnse kpJ-tem-ep-]amtcmSv \mw I]n-p-I-bm-bn, As\ AhcXn sXm-Sncw
562
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
{]hn-p-I-bpw, Atm Ah-cp-sS-ta inm-hn[n _m[-I-amhp-Ibpw sNpw. As\ \mw B \mSns\ XIv \mam-hti-j-ampXmWv.
ABw: 123-124, AAv-dm^v: 96-99, Xu_: 8485, lqZv: 116-117 hni-Zo-I-cWw

t\mp-I.
17.
\qln\v tijw F{Xsb{X Xe-apdI-sf-bmWv \mw \in-n-n-p--Xv!

Xs ASn-a-I-fpsS Ip kqva-ambn \nco-nm\pw hebw
sNm\pw \ns \mY XsaXn.
kqw 30, 96 Fnh Ah-km-\n-p-Xv "\nbw Ah Xs ASn-a-IfpsS {]h\w \nco-n-p--h\pw hebw sNbvX-h\pw Xs-bm-Wv' F Bib-n-emWv. ^pJm: 58 Ah-km-\n-p-Xv "Fspw Pohn-p---a-cWw hcnm AhXs aXn, Ahs ASn-a-I-fpsS Ip- hebw sNp-Xn\v'
F Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv. Ben-Cw-dm: 7, AAvdm^v: 101102, 179, lqZv: 5-6
18.
BcmtWm [rXnsF-ln-I-tem-Iw Dtin-Xv, Ahcn\nv \mw Dtin-p--hv \mw Dt-in-{]Imcw [rXn-bn \Ip-p. ]ns
\mw Ah\v \cIpWvTamWv \IpI, A[n-t]ml\pw ImcpWyw
hne-s--h-\p-ambn Ah\Xn thhn--s-Sp--Xm-Wv.
lqZv: 15-16 hni-Zo-c-I-Ww t\mp-I. Amlp a\p-jys\ ]co-n-mthnbmWv `qan-bn-tev \ntbmKn--Xv. Ahs Xn--{]-Im-cw ]co--tWm-]m-[n-bm-bnmWv a\p-jyv hn`h-- \In-bn-p-Xv. ]c-tem-Is shSnp-sImv CltemIw B{K-ln-p-Ibpw AXn-\p-thn am{Xw {]mn-p-Ibpw {]b-Xv\n-p-Ibpw
sNp Fm-hpw Cl-temI kpJw Amlp \Ipn-. PohnXeyw a\n-em-nb hnizm-knI, Ah h-tm sImp-h-cm--Xpw t]mIp-tm
sImp-t]m-Im--Xp-amb A\p{Kl-sfmw D]-tbm-K-s-Spn kzKw ChnsS
]Wn-bp--Xm-Wv. Fm \njv]hm-\mb Am-lp-hns\ AwKo-I-cn-m I]S- h n- i zm- k n- I , A\p- { K- l - sf kXy- ns am\- Z - W v U ambn ImWp- I - b pw
AXn\pthn PohnXw Dgn-p-sh-p-Ibpw sNp-X
- m-Wv. A-c
- mv Amlp
IqSp-X kpw ku`m-Ky-fpw \Ip-I-bpw, Ahsc ac-W-tm-Sp-IqSn Ah
km-Zn \c-I-n thhn-p--Xpam-Wv. "Rm \n-sI Im^n-dm-bn-cpp' Fv
kmyw-h-ln-msX Hcm-sfbpw \njv]--hm-\mb Amlp \c-I-n-enSp--X-.
ABw: 53, AAvdm^v: 32, 37, Xu_: 53-55, lnPv: 8788 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
19.
BcmtWm ]c- t em- I - s Dtin- p- I - b pw AXn- \ p- t hn

{]bXv\nt-hn[w {]bXv\n-p-Ibpw sNpXvAh hnizm-knbp-amWv, Fn Aq-cpsS {]b-Xv\- hne-a-Xn-sSpI Xs
CkvdmAv (17)
sNpw.
563
ChnsS {]h-\
- Fp-]d
- b
- msX {]b-Xv\
- FmWv ]d-n-pXv.
AYhm GsXmcp {]hrn sNp-tmgpw Dt-iy-n-tev e-y-n-te-vBWv
Amlp t\mp--Xv. \_n ]Tn-n-p-I-bp-mbn: Amlp \nfpsS icocntetm \ndntetm A t\mpXv, adnv \n-fpsS lrZ-b-n-temWv. a\p-jy\v Ah Dt-inv {]hn--X-msXbn Fv APvav: 39 ]d-npv. AXmWv \_n ]Tn-n-Xv: \nbw {]h-\- "\nv'D-tiyw
A\p-k-cn-mWv \bpw Xn-bp-am-bn hne-bn-cp--s-SpI. \v A[n-I-cn
{]Xnêw e`n-p--Xpw Xnv in e`np--Xp-sa-mw {]hrn sNp-tmgp Dtiyns tXmX-\p-k-cn-mWv Fw. Ckm: 5-21 kq--fn
]pWy-mm-v kzK-n e`n-p A\p-{K-lm-\p-`q-Xn-Ifpw ]cn-ip-a
- mb ]m\ob-fpw hnh-cntijw 22-mw kq-n Amlp ]d-bpp: \n-bw CsXmw
\np-- {]-Xn-^-e-am-Wv. \n-fpsS {]h-\--sfmw hne-a-Xn--s-Sp-Xp-X-s-bm-bn-cp-p. Ass: 1-3 kq--fn CcpaqSp cm{Xn-sb-smpw
shfn-s-Sp ]I-en-s\smpw Fm Bs] krjvSnn-s\smpw BWbn--v]dXn-\p-tijw kqw 4 , \nbw \n-fpsS {]b-Xv\- hn`nfmWv Fp-]-d-n-pv. Jp-B-\ns XW-enem {]b-Xv\--sfmw \jvS-s-Spsav Ilv^v: 103106 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. An-km-Av: 85, 100, Xu_:
124125 t\mp-I.
BZw km-\-amb "Jm_o' Hcp sIme-]m-X-I-ta sNbvXn-pq. Fm
AXv Icp-Xn-q-n-bm-b-Xn-\m(amCZ: 30) temIv \S-p Fm sIme-]m-X-IfpsSbpw inbpsS Hcp -hnlnXw Ah\v e`n-psav ]Tn-n {]hm-N-IXs,
kpa: 53-s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n C{km-Cu kap-Zm-b-ns] Hcm \qdv sIme]m-XIw sNbvsX-nepw Ahs dqlv Imcp-Wy-ns ae-p-I ]nSn-s-Sp-Xpw
Ah kzK-n {]th-in-n--s-Xpw ]Tn-n-p-I-bp-mbn. Atlw sImeI
\S-n-bXv A_--n-em-bn-cp-p, Icp-Xn-q-nbmbn-cp-n FXm-bn-cpp
ImcWw. An-km-Av: 17-18 t\mp-I. thiymhrn sNbvXv Pohn-n-cp CkvdmCu kap-Zm-b-nse Hcp kv{Xo, Zmln-p-h-e Hcp \mbv shw tImcnsm-Sp--Xnst]cn kzK-n {]th-in-n-s-p Fpw `-bmb asmcp
kv{Xo ]qv `Ww sImSp-msX sIn-bnv sImXns t]cn \c-I-n
{]th-in-n--sp Fpw \_n ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcp asm. Alv: 2425
hniZoIcWw t\mp-I.
{kmhv ImWp-p-v, honp-pv F t_m[-n Ftmgpw FhnsSbpw \ne-sIm-p-I-bpw, GXv{]hr-nbpw Ahs Xr]vXn-tam-ln-p-sIm-pw
Ahs apn Dcw ]d-tb-n-hcpsa t_m[-tmSp-Iq-Sn-bpam-bn-cn-Ww
sNt-Xv. Fmw ]Xn-bn-cpv hon-p- Dd-hpw ab--hpw ad-hn-bp-an-m
Am-lp-hns apn \msf tIhn, ImgvN, lrZbw, sXmen apX--embh Ah-s\Xn-cn kmyw-h-ln-t-ptam F `btmsS \ne-sImpIbpw th-Ww. {km-
564
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
hn-s Xr]vXn-bn ap--h-sc kvt\ln-p-Ibpw {km-hns tIm]-n ap--htcmSv tIm]w- sh-p-]p-epIbpw sNpXphsc Hcmfpw hnizm-kn-bm-hp-Itbm
kzK-n {]th-in-p-Itbm C-sv \_n ]Tn-n-n-pv. {km-hn-s Xr]vXn,
Dtiyw, ImcpWyw apX-em-b-h-sIm-smw Dt-in-p-Xv Jp-B-\ns Bibw
Xs-bm-Wv.- Xu_: 23-24 \lv: 97, 128, Ckvdm-Av: 13-15 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
20. Cq- pw Aq- psamw \ns dns PohnXkuIcyfn\nv Ah Hcpn-sImSpp-I-bmIpp. \ns dns
Zm\ XS-bp--h-cmbn Bcp-an-.
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\n-jv]--hm F Amlphns KpWns hnh-,
Cl-n hgn-s--hpw hgn-s-Sm--hpw KpWw sNp--h Fm-Wv.
AYhm hgn- s - S m- - h v ]c- n \c- I - a m- W v F- X p- s Imv Cl- n
ss\anjnIamb kzKobkpJw \Ip- \oXnam-\mb {XnIm-e
m-\n-bmWv Ah.
Hmtcm-cp-cpw km-Zn--sXtm AXns {]Xn-êw \Ip-h-\p-amWh.
hgntISn\v Ahs\ IpwNmcm- X n- c n- m thn kzK- nshv X s
kamKhpw shfn--hp-amb Jp-B-\ns Bibw Fm Hmtcm-cppw ]Tnnnpv Fv Adlvam: 12 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. ]nim-Nn-s\ Ip-sSp-n-bnv Imcy-ap-m-hp-I-bn-sv C_vdmlow: 22 epw, amXm-]n-Xm-sf Ip-s-Spn-bnv Imcy-ap-m-Ip-I-bn-sv AAv-dm^v: 173 epw ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v.
AAv-dm^v: 150, Xu_: 55, dAvZv: 18, \lv: 30, 104-109, 111 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
\a-kvIm-c-n CAv-Xn-Zm-enepw \a-kvIm-c-ti-jhpw Cs\ {]mn-m
\_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. "Am-lp-th, \o \In-bXv XS-bp--h-cn-, \o XS-Xv \Ip-h-cp-an, \o hn[n-Xv dv sNp--h-cn, \ns hn[n amn-a-dn-p--h-cpan-, Hcp
{]am-WnbpsSbpw {]amWnw \ns ASp- hne-tm-hp-I-bp-an'. lqZv: 108 hniZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
21.
\mw Ah-cn Nnesc Nne-tc-m(C-l-n) t{ijvT-cm-n-bn-cn-pXv F-s\-bm-sWv \o t\mpI. Ghpw henb]Z-hn-Ifpw

Ghpwhenb t{ijvT-XIfp-ap-Xv ]ctemIv Xs-bmIpp.
AAvem: 14- Amlp ]d-bpp: ]c-temIw Xs-bmWv Fspw \ne\npXpw imiz-Xambn-p-Xpw. Ass: 13-, \psS ] ]c-tem-Ihpw
Cl-tem-I-hp-apv Fpw Aplm: 4, \n\v ]c-tem-I-amWv CltemIt
m D-a-am-bXv Fpw ]d-n-p-v. Cu kq ]mcm-bWw sNp
hnizm-kn-I "Rv ]c-temIamWv thXv \mYm' Fv lrZ-bw-sImv tNmZnt--Xm-Wv. Jkzkv: 60-, Am-lp-hns ]-ep--XmWv D-ahpw imiz-Xhpw
Fpw Aqd: 36- , hniz- k n- p- I - b pw X- f psS \mY\n kkzw `cta]npIbpw sNbvX-hv Am-lp-hns ]-ep--XmWv D-ahpw imiz-X-hpam-bn-p--Xv Fpw- ]-d-n-p-v. Xzmlm: 73-, Amlp Xs-bmWv D-a\pw
CkvdmAv (17)
565
imiz-X\psav ]d-n-p-v. Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn Pohn-p hnizm-knI Xs-bmWv hnPbw hcn-pI FmWv AXns hnh-. Xzmlm: 131-,
\ns dns `-W-hn-`-h- Xs-bmWv D-ahpw imiz-X-hp-sav ]d-npv. ChnsS `Whn`-h- sImpt-in-p--Xv Bm-hns `-Whpw
hkv{X-hp-amb Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-am-Wv. \n-fn Ghpw t{ijvT Jp-B-\ns
Bibw hln-ph-cmWv Fv \_n ]Tn-n-npv. AmsX I]-S-am ]Tn-np-Xv t]mse Jp-B "lm^n-fo-'-fmWv B-i-b-an-msX Jp-B a\x-]m-T-amp--hcmWv \n-fn Ghpw t{ijvT Fp-]-dnn-. lqZv: 85-88, \lv:
22.
Am-lp-hn-t\m-sSmw ap Bcm-[yamsc \o sh--cp-Xv, A-s\

sNbvXm \o A[n-t]ml\pw hns-h-\p-ambn Ccp-pt]mIpw.
Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nv ]nim-Nn-\m hn--sh hn[n-Zn-hkw

C{]-Imcw tIgp-XmWv: Hm, Fs \miw! Rm Cm-en--hs\ B-an-{X-ambn
kzoI- c n- npmbncpns- n F{X \mbn- c p- t t\! Jp- B - \ ns
Bibn\nv F\nXv hp-In-n-b-Xn-\p-tijw Ah-\mWtm Fs XS-Xv. ]nimNv a\p-jy\v alm-h--I Xs-bm-bn-cpp Fv (^pJm: 29).
]ca-Im-cp-Wn-Is C-Zm-kam Am-lp-hn-t\m-sSmw asmcp Cem-lns\ hnfnv
{]mn-p-I-bn-sv ^pJm: 68- ]d-n-p-v. ^mnl: 4, \lv: 2, 22, 36
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
23.
24.
\n Ah-\p-th-n- am{X-a-msX Pohn--cp-sXpw amXm-]n-XmtfmSv \-bn hnWsapw \ns \mY hn[n-n-cn-p-p.

Ah-cn Hcm A-s-n Ah cp-t]cpw hmIyw {]m]nhcmbn \ns-b-Sp- Fn-m, Atm Ah-tcmSv "sO' Fpt]mepw ]d-b-cp-Xv. Ah-sc shdpp-Ibpw sN-cp-Xv. Ah cp-t]tcmSpw am\y-ambn kwkm-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-I.
\o Ahv Imcp-Wy-ns Nnd-Ip-I hn\-b-]qw Xmgvn-smSp- p- I . "Fs \mYm, sNdp- - n Ah cp- t ]cpw Fs
ImcpWytmsS t]mnhfnbXpt]mse \o Ahcncp-hpw
ImcpWyw sNmcn-tbWta' Fv \o {]mnpIbpw sNpI.
`qan-bn a\p-jys\ \ntbm-Kn-n-p-Xv Am-lp-hn-\p-thn am{Xw Pohnp
Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-Ip-Xn\v th-nbm-Wv. Fm B {]mXn-\n[yw \nlnpI hnizm-kn-I am{X-amWv. Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-bmWv F t_m[-n Ftmgpw
"Amlv' F kvac-W-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn \ne-sIm-p-I. Am-lp-hns\ ad-m Pnp-Iqp-Imc ]nSn-ap-dp-p-Xpw Xn ]nSn-s]-Sp--Xpw AXphgn Pohn-X-eyw ad
sXm-Sn-bn-o-cp--Xp-am-Wv. AAvdm^v: 54-55, dAvZv: 1718 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Amlp ImWp-pv Ft_m[-nJp-B-\ns XW-en amXm-]nXm--tfmSv hn-Wsa-mWv Amlp I]n-p-Xv. lqZv: 114115 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I. AYhm hnizm-kn-I-fmb amXm-]n-Xm--tfmSv "sO' Fp-t]mepw
]d-bc
- pXv. As\ ]d-m apI-gnpt]mb Pnp-It- fmSpw a\p-jy-tcm-Sp-samw
Ah \c-I-n B]-Xnv \-s--h-\m-Ip-sav AlvJm^v: 17-18 ]d-npv. Fm {km-hns hn[n-hn-e-p-Iv hncp--ambn amXm-]n-Xm-Xs
inv sNm(Amlp Am- - h p t\- h - g n- ] m- S v , a{w, amcWw,
kv{Xo[\w hmsImSp- XpS--n Jp-B-\ns hn[n-hn-e-p-Is-Xn-cmb
ss]im-Nn-I-amb {]hrn-I sNm) \n_-n-p-I-bm-sW-n \o Ahsc
cpt]-scbpw A\p-k-cn--cp-Xv. \o Ah-tcmSv Jp-B-\ns XW-en-ep _w
\ne-\np-I, \o ]n]-t-Xv Fn-tev Xncn--h-cpsS amK-am-Wv Fv
epJvam: 15, AI-_qv: 8 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v.
566
"sNdp-
- n Ah FtmSv Imcp-Wy-n hn-X
- p-t]mse Fs \mYm,
\o Fs amXm-]n-Xm--tfmSv IcpW sNt-Wta' Fv {]m-npI-bpw, Ahv
\ns Imcp-Wy-ns Nnd-Ip-I Xmgvn-sm-Sp-p-I-bpw, Ahv Imcp-Wy-am-bJp-B-\ns Bibw lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn ]d-p-sIm-Spp-Ibpw sNWw.
"Fs \mYm, Fs-taepw Fs amXm-]n-Xm--fpsS taenepw \o hjnnp
A\p-{K-l-v \n- {]-I-Sn-n-p--h-\mbn Fs \nb-{np-\nt-W-ta, \o
Xr]vXn-s kI- sNm\pw Fs A\p-{K-ln-t-W-ta, Fs km-\sf \o k\--fn s]Sp-p-Ibpw sNt-W-ta, \nbw Rm\nXm \nntev tJZnp-a-S-n-bn-cn-p-p, \nbw Rm \n\v kkzw kan--h-cn
s]-h-\p-am-Ipp' Fm-bn-cnpw \m]Xv hbv XnI hnizm-kn-IfpsS
{]m\sbv AlvJm^v: 15- Amlp ]Tn-n-n-pv. kpsse-am \_n-bpsS
{]m\ \wev: 19 hm-bn-p-I. kXym-kXyhnth-N\am\-Z-hpw Dm-gvN-Zmb-I-hp-amb Jp-B-\nsBibw D]tbmKs-Spn hnizm-kn-bmImsX, innembnsmvXs ac-W-s-h, amXm-]n-Xm--tfm IpSpw-_n\nv ASp--htcm
BsW-nt]mepw Ah \c-I-ns Ah-Im-in-I-fm-sWv t_m[y-stijw
Ahp-thn anv \a-kvI-cn-mt\m s]mdp--ens\ tXSmt\m \_npw hnizmkn-Ipw ]mSn-sv Xu_: 113 ]d-n-p-v. ap-Pm-Zne: 22 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
An-km-Av: 135, ABw: 151-153, Xu_: 23-24, lnPv: 88, \lv: 78 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
25.
\n-fpsS Ah--sb-p-dnv Ghpw Adn-bph \n-fpsS DSa

Xs-bmWv. \n k-\
- f
- m-hpI-bm-sW-n Atm \nbw
Ah Bhnmhnv Ah\n-tev Xncn-bp-h-tcmSv Gsd
s]mdp-p--h- Xsbm-Ip-p.
\n-fpsS \mY\v Hmtcm Bm-hn-s\-p-dnpw icn-p-a-dn-bmw. \n k\--fm-hp-I-bm-sW-n AXns KpWw \nv Xs, \n ZpP-\-fm-hpI-bm-sW-n \nbw Amlp \nsf-smv Bh-iy-an-m--h-\pw kzbw ]cym-
CkvdmAv (17)
567
]vX\p-am-Ipp Fv ep-Jvam: 12epw, \n \ntj-[n-If
- m-hp-Ib
- m-sW-n Atm
\nbw Amlp \n-sf-smv Bh-iy-an-m--h-\m-Ip-p. Ah Ahs ASna-Iv \ntj[w C-s-Sp-n-, \n \n-{]-I-Sn-n-p-I-bm-sW-n Ah
\nsf C-s-Sp-p. `mcw -h-ln-p Hcmfpw asm-cm-fpsS `mcw- h-ln-p-I-bn-.
\nfpsS DS-a-bntev Xs-bmWv \n-fpsS aSw Fv kp-a: 7epw ]d-np-v. An-km-Av: 49,113, Xu_: 112-, 114, bqkp^v: 53 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
26.
ASphpw, Bh-iy-m-c\pw, hgn-bm-{X-mc\pw Ah-s AhImiw \o \Ip-I. [qpw Zphy-bhpw sNpIbpacp-Xv.
27.
\nbw Zphybw sNp--h ]nim-Np-fpsS ktlm-Z-cfm-Ip-p.

]nimNmh-s, Xs \mY-t\mSv Gsd \n-sI--h Xs-bm-Ip-p.
GXv A\p-{K-lhpw IpSpw-_-n\nv ASp--hv Xs-bmWv BZyw

\tI--Xv. Ghpw henb A\p-{K-l-amb Jp-BsIm-v IpSpw-_-n\nv
ASp--h-sc BZy-amZyw ap-dn-bnv \Im-\mWv ApA-dm-Av: 214- Amlp
I]n-n-p-Xv. hnizm-kn-Isf hnfnv: \nsfbpw IpSpw-_mw-K--sfbpw \c-Is-sXmv XS-bpI Fv Alvcow: 6mw kq-nepw, A-s\-sN-bvXn-sn, Jnbm-av \mfn hnizm-kn-I Ahs-Xnsc "\nbw X-sfbpw IpSpw_mw-K
- s
- fbpw \jvSs
- -Sp-nb A{I-an-ImWv mbn-bmb inbpXv Fv
]d-bp--XmWv Fv Aqd: 45-epw apdnbnv \In-bn-pv. Xu_: 67-68 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I. "ASp--hv \IpI' F-Xns hnh, BZi-_-w,
c-_--w, Ab]_w Fo \ne-I-fn-se-m-ap _- ]cn-K-Wn-psIm-v \IpI Fm-Wv. Zm\-[a- \Ip--Xn\v hnizm-kn--sbtm kap-Zmb-ns]-h-s\tm IpSp-w-_-ns]-h-s\tm ]cn-K-Wn-msX Al-\m--sWn apJw t\mmsX \I-Ww Fv _Jd: 272 hni-Zo-I-c-Wn hmbn-p-I.
Abhmkn ]n-Wn-In-Ss hbdv \ndsb `Ww Ign-p--h Fn- s]-h\- Fv \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. ]pWym-m- Ahv `-W-n\v B{K-l-apm-bn-cnss, Am-lp-hn-t\m-Sp kvt\l-m AK-Xn-Isfbpw A\m-YIsfbpw _nIsfbpw `nn-p-h
- c
- m-sWpw, Atm Ah-cpsS a\-v "\nbw
R Am-lp-hns apJw {]k--ambn Ip-ap--W-sa ey-tmsS am{XamWv \nsf `n-n-p-Xv, F-msX \n-fn\nv bmsXmcp {]Xyp-]I
- mchpw
\n-{]-IS- \
- hpw {]Xo-n-p-sIm--' Fm-bn-cn-pw Fv Ckm: 89 ]dnp-v. ChnsS ]d AK-Xn-Ifpw A\m-Y-Ifpw _nIfpw a\p-jy-cn \np--hcm-Wv, Hcp {]tXyIkap-Zmbns]-h am{X-a- Fpw _n-I-fn sIme-]mXIw sNbvXph--hhsc Ds-Sp-sapw {]tXyIw {in-p-I. _Jd: 177,
AAvdm^v: 3133, Ckvdm-Av: 19 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
Ah-Imiw \IpI Fv ]d-bp-tm Zm\-[a \I am{X-a, AhcpsS A\- - c m- h - I miw \Iepw Ah- c psS A`nam\w, Nmcn{Xyw, kv
Fnhsbmw kwc-n-epw Ds-Sp--XmWv. AYhm Am-lp-hns `qan-bn
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Ah \n-bn Ah-[n-hsc GXphnizmkhpw kzoI-cnv Pohn-m GsXm-cmpw
Ah-Im-i-ap-sv hI-sh-p-sIm-Sp-p-sIm-p Hcp kao-]\w ssIsIm-Ww
Fm-Wv. GsXm-cp-hs\pdn-mtWm Abhmkn \n`-b-Xz-n-ep-Xv Aham{Xta hnizm-kn-bmIp-Ibpq Fv \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. AAv-dm^v: 27, \lv: 90-91
568
28.
\ns \mYs ImcpWyw {]Xonp-sImv \o Ah-sc-smv ]nncn-bp-I-bm-sWn, Atm \o Ah-tcmSv kam-izm-k-ns hmpI ]d-bpIbpw sNpI.
Fm A\p-{K-l--fp-sSbpw \nb-{Ww Am-lp-hn-\mWv F t_m[-n

Am-lp-hns\ kmys-Sp-n-smv s]cp-am-d-Wsav Xm]cyw. ASp--htcm
Bh-iy-mtcm hgn-bm-{X-m-tcm klmbwtNmZn-p-- am-sc-n-eptam klmbwtNmZnptm \n\--hsc klmbnm Ign-bp-n-s-n, Ahv Hpw
\Im Ign-n-tm F Zbmhmbv]ns a\pm-bn-cn-Ww. Xmew
as-hnsS \ns-nepw klmbw tXSm-\pw, Rm ]noSv \ns klm-bn-m-sapw
]dv Ahs Imcyw Ffp--amhpwhn[w kwkm-cn--Ww. AYhm sImSp-p-Xv
AmlpXs-bm-Wv F t_m[n Ahs {]bmkw ap--h-cm \on
smSp-p--Xn-\p-thn Amlp-hn-t\mSv {]mn-pIbpw thWw. klmbw tXSp-Xv Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\v hncp--am-bn-p ss]im-NnIhrn-IfpsS ]qoI-c-W-n-\m-sW-n Ahsc klm-bn-p-Xv Zphy-b-am-Ip-sa--Xn-\m klmbw
tXSp-h AXn\l-X-bp-h Xs-bmtWm Fv hnizm-kn-I lrZ-bw-sImv
Am-lp-hn-t\mSv tNmZnpXpw, Atm Ah Dm-gvN-bp-h-cmbn amdp-XpamWv Fv AAvdm^v: 201- s Bi-b-n\nv a\-n-emmw. klmbw tNmZnp--h Amlp sImp-I-f I]-S-hnizm-kntbm Al-X-bn-m--ht\m
BsWv a\-n-embm- Ahv klmbw \Imt\m Ahp-thn {]mnmt\m ]mSn. _Jd: 168-169, Xu_: 23-24, 73, 95, 113, 123 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Ass: 57 kq--fn, BcmtWm Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqnp-I-bpw Jp-Bs\ kXy-s-Sp-n-smv Am-lp-hns Xr]vXnbn \IpIbpw
sNbvXX
- v Ahs Fm-Im-cy-fpw \mw Ffp-a
- m-n-sm-Sp-p-sa-pw 810 kqfn, BcmtWm JpBs\ If-hm-n-smv ]nipv ImWn-p-I-bpw, Am-lphns\ B{i-bn-msX kzbw ]cym-]vXX sXsc-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv, Ahs
Imcy--sfmw \mw _pn-ap-m-p-Ibpw sNp-sapw ]d-n-p-v.
29.
\ns ssI \o ]nc-Sn-bn sInsh-cp-Xv. AXns\ apgp-h-\mbn \onbn-Sp-Ibpw sNcpXv. A-s\- sNp-]w \o Bt-]ml\pw
ZpxJn-X-\p-ambn Ccppt]m-Ipw.
]nc-Sn-bn ssI sI-cpXv Fm ]nipv ImWn--cp-sX-pw, ssI apgp-h\mbn \on-bn-S-cpXv Fm [q-Sn--cpXv Fp-am-Wv Bi-bw. Bt-]ml-
CkvdmAv (17)
569
\mIpw Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-; ]nipv ImWn-m P\- Ahs\ shdp-pI-bpw A[n-t]n-p-Ibpw sNp-sa-pw, ZpxJn-X-\mbn Ccp-p-t]m-Ipw Fp-]-d-Xns hnh-, [q-Snv Pohnv ]m-cm-bm kzbw ZpxJn-t-n-h-cp-sa-pam-Wv. ^pJm: 67-, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is C-Zm-kam [q-Snv sNe-h-gn-pI-tbm ]nipv ImWn-ptbm sNp-I-bn-, AXn\v cn-\p-an-S-bn-ep anXamKw
kzoI-cn-p-sav ]d-n-p-v. hyn- PohnXn-s-bpw IpSpw_ Pohn-X
- n-sbpw
Imcy-n-em-Wv Cu I]-\. Am-lp-hns amK-nep Pnlm-Zmb Jp-B
]Tn-m\pw ]Tn-n-m\pw sNe-hg
- n-p Imcy-n CXv _m[-Ia
-
- . AXn\pthn
Fs\, F{X sNe-h-gn-mepw [qm-hp-I-bn-. Fm-Im-cy-nepw anX-hybw
thWatm Fp-]-dv Jp-B-\ns Imcy-nepw anX-hybw D]-tZ-in-p--h
\ntj-[n-Ifpw ]nim-Nns Iqp-Im-cp-amWv. Acw a\p-jy-n-im-Np--fpw I]-S-hnizm-kn-I-fpamb ]pcp-jamcpw kv{XoIfpw Htc-hn-`m-K-n s]-h-cpw, Ah
XnI]n-p--hcpw, Jp-B\
- ns Bi-b
- n\nv P\-sf XS-bp-hcpw, Ah
Ah-cpsS ssII Npcp-p--h-cpw, Ah Amlphns\bpw Atm Amlp Ahscbpw ad-h-cpamWv. sXm-Sn-I-fm-b Ahv \c-I-K-nse XomWv
hmKvZw sNbvXn-p--sX-pw, AhXvXs aXn, Ahv mbn-bmb inbm-Wp--sXpw Xu_: 67-68 ]d-n-p-v. _Jd 195, Ben-Cw-dm: 180, Xu_:
Jp-B-\ns Bm-hmb Bi-b-w ]Tn-n-p--Xn\p]Icw, Poh-\mb Aw
aXn Fv a\-n-em-n ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw ]n]-pIbpw sNp; ^mnl: 7
]d Am-lp-hns tIm]-n\v hnt[-bcmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw Ah-sc ]n]n
hgn-tI-Sn-emb apkvenw km[m-c-W-mcpw Cu kq-n\v "ssI ]nc-Sn-bn sIpXv Zpx-Ip-\a
- mWv' FmWv sXn[cn-p-hc
- p-X
- v. _Jd: 170 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
30.
\n-bw, \ns \mY Ah-\p-t-in-phv `Whn`h

[mcm-f-ambn \IpIbpw Ah Dtinp--hv ]cn-an-X-s-Sp-pIbpw sNp-p. \nbw Ah Xs ASn-aI
- s
- f hebwsNbvX {XnIme-m-\nbpw kZm hon-p-sIm-n-cn-p--h-\patm.
Ckvdm-Av: 96 Ah-km-\n-p-Xpw CtX Bi-b-n-emWv. k_-Av: 34-35,

Hcp \mn-tepw Hcp ap-dn-bn-p-Im-cs\ \mw Ab-n-n, B \mnse kpJ-tem-ep]am "\nbw R, \nsf Fp-wsImmtWm Ab-n-p--Xv AXns\
\ntj[n-p--h Xs-bmWv' Fp]-d-n--m-sX. Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpp:
R-fmWv Ghpw IqSp-X kpw km-\-fpap-h, R inn-s-Sm-s\mpw t]mIp-n- Fpw 36-, \o ]d-bpI: \nbw Fs \mY Ah\p-t-in-p--hv `-W-hn-`-h- hnim-e-am-n-sIm-Sp-p-p. Ah-\p-t-in-p-hv ]cn-an-X-s-Sp-pIbpw sNp-p. Fm P\--fn A[n-I-t]cpw
bYm m\-an-m--h-cm-Ipp Fp-w ]-d-n-pv. k-_-Av: 39 Iqn-hm-bnpI. bq\pkv: 61, lqZv: 6, Ckvdm-Av: 17 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
570
31.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Zmcn{Zyw `bv \n \n-fpsS km-\-sf sImp-Ibpacp-Xv.
\mamWv Ahpw \npw `Ww \Ip-X
- v. \n-bw- , Ahsc
sImpI FXv hn Ipw Xs-bm-Ip-p.
Hcmv GXp-Im-ev, GXp-\m-n, GXpamXm-]n-Xm--fn, GXpenwK-n

P\n-Wsav sXsc-s-Sp-m-\p Ah-Im-itam A[n-Im-ctam C. Fmw
{kmhv Xocp-am-\n-p--Xm-sW-n-cns, Zmcn{Zyw `b-p-sImv asf sImpXv hIp---fn s]-Xm-Wv. am apivcnpI Zmcn{Zyw `b-s-p-sImv B
km-\-sf h[n-n-cpp. ABw: 151 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. s] km-\-sf, sshhm-lnI Pohn-X-n \ne-hn-ep A\oXn apn Ip-sIm-pw,
Ahsc hfn-sm-p-h-cm- _pn-ap-m-b-Xn-\mepw, ssIq-p--h Imcy-mc F hyh-n-Xn-bn Ah-scmcp `mc-am-b-Xn-\mepw Ahsc Poh-t\msS Ipgn-paq-StWm AtXm lo\X klnpsImv Pohn-m hnS-Wtam F Btem-N-\bn BSn- \S-p--h-cpam-bn-cpp Ah Fv \lv: 58-59 ]d-n-p-v.
Pohn-Xe
- yw \jvSs
- Hcp kaq-la
- m-bX
- n-\m Pohn-X- `mcfn sRcpn,
s]Ip-n-Isf sImm Cv {`qW-l-Xy-hsc \S-p-hcpv. CXv Ghpw IqSpX-embn ImWp-Xv, P\-\hpw ac-Whpw hnhm-l-hp-sa-mw hfsc Ffp--am-sWv
{]Jym-]n(lv: 78), thZ-ns hm-l-I-scv Zpc-`n-am-\n-p apkvenwI-fnemsWv ImWmw. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\n-Iv CkvemanI hncp--amb
BNm-cm-\p-jvSm-\- sImp\SpXmWv AXn-\p--Im-c-Ww. AAv-dm^v: 157,
32.
hy`n-Nm-c-tmSv \n ASp-p-t]m-I-cp-Xv, \nbw AXv thpw

Ghpw Zpjn amKhp-am-Ipp.
hy`n-Nm-ctmSv ASp-c
- pXv Fp-]d
-
X
- n\nv hy`n-Nc
- n-c
- pXv Fv am{Xa-, AXn\v tImp-Iq-p hn[-n-ep \S-w, Ccp-w, kwkm-cw, hkv{X-[mcWw, s]cp-am-w, B`-c-W-, kpK{Zhy- XpS-n-b-hbpsS D]-tbm-Kw Chsbmpw ]mSnsmWv. Aq: 30-31, Alvkm_v: 32-35 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Am-lphns GI- amK-amb {]-IrXn aX-n\v hncp--amWv hy`nNmcw. AXv hIp-hpamWv. {]IrXn aX-amb Ckveman, Jp-B-\m-Ip Ib-dp-sImv ]pcp-j-s\bpw
kv{Xosbbpw _nhnhm-ln-Xcmbtijw CW-tN-cp-Xv Ghpw henb C_mZ-m-Wv. An-km-Av: 21, AAvdm^v: 189 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
\n-b-w kzoI-cn--s-Sp \a-kvIm-c-m t-hr-n-I-fnepw \njn
{]h-\--fnepw Gs-SpIbn-sv AI-_qv: 45- ]d-n-p-v. Atm
\a-kvIm-c-m-cn\nv hy`n-Nm-cw, kzhKc-Xn, ]en-i, NqXm-w, amcWw XpS-nb
ss]im-NnI {]h-\- hcp-p-s-n Ah Im^ndpIfpw I]-S-hn-izm-knIfp-am-Wv. Ah-cpsS \akvImcw kzoI-cn-s
- -n-n-sv am{X-a
- , Ah Jp-B\ns\
If-hm-n-b-Xn\v AXn-I-Tn-\-ambn inn--s-Sp-Ibpw sNpw. Acw \a-kvIm-c-
CkvdmAv (17)
571
mv ]ng-bmbn \c-I-nse ItTm-c-amb "hbv' F sNcp-hmWv e`n-pI
Fv An-km-Av: 142,145, kq--fn ]d-n-pv. Hcmv hnizm-kn-bmbnsmv tamn-m-t\m hy`n-N-cn-mt\m km[ya-sv \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Amlphns\ Dd-hpw ab-hpw _m[n-p-n-, Ah lrZ-b--fpsS Ah Adnbp--h\mWv Fv ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p Jp-B, Bibadn-bmsX ]mcm-bWw
sNpI, \a-kvI-cn-pI XpS-nb Ncym-]-c-amb BNm-cm-\p-m-\- sImp-\-Sp-h hnn\nv Av sXdn-p-t]m-Ip thKn Zo\n\nv _lp-Zqcw
AI-p-t]m-hp-Xm-sWv \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. sXp-Ip-- Xncn--dnv lrZbw-sImv Am-lp-hn-t\mSv Gp-]-d-bm- JpB\ns Bibw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.
bm-ko: 11, kpa: 5355 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. AXmWv Jp-B-\ns Bi-bamWv \akvIm-c-t-mfpw ]c-a-{]-[m-\sav AI-_qv: 45- ]d--Xns hnh-. I]S-hn-izmkn-IfpsS \a-kvImctfm Zm\-[-tfm ap Itfm kzo-I-cn--sSp-I-bn-sv Xu_: 53-54 ]d-n-p-v. AAv-dm^v: 169170, lqZv: 87, dAvZv: 14
t\mp-I.
33.
Amlp ]hn- { X- a m- nb Bm- h ns\ \ymbw IqSmsX \n

sImpIbpacp-Xv. Bscnepw A{I-a-]-c-ambn h[n--s-m AXn\v
{]Xn-{Inb \S-]Sn ssIsImm\p A[nImcw Ahs cm-[n-Imcnv \mw \In-bn-p-v. Atm h[-n Ah AXncp-I-hn-bmXncn--s. \nbw Ah klm-bn--s-Sp--h-\m-Ip-p.
Bm-hns\ h[n-pI Fp]-d--Xp-sImv ap a\-jysc h[n-pI am{Xa-, B-lXy sNpXpw Dt-iy-am-Wv. An-km-Av: 29 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Fm Bmhpw ac-Ws cpNn-p-sav Ben-Cw-dm:185-s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n
ImWp-I. Am-lp-hns apJ-sam-gnsI Fm "hkvXp-fpw' \in-p-sav Jkzkv:
88- ]d-n-p--Xn-\m Fm Poh-\p--Xn\pw Bmhp-sv a\-n-em-m-hp-Xm-Wv. Atm Hcp Poh-Pm-e-sbpw A\ym-b-ambn h[n-m ]mSn-. Amlp-hns kvac-W-bn-epw Am-lp-hn\pthnbpw am{X-am-bn-cn-Ww `-W-n\p]tbm-Kn-p Pohn-sb-tmepw Adp-t-X
- v. A^m: 17 t\mp-I. ^pJm:
68-, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is C-Zm-kam Am-lp-hn-t\m-sSmw asmcp Cem-lns\
hnfnv {]mn-p-I-bn-s-pw Amlp \njn-am-nb Hcp Bm-hns\bpw
sImp-I-f-bp-I-bn-s-pw hy`n-N-cn-p-I-bn-s-pw ]d-n-p-v.
h[n--s--hs cm-[n-Im-cnv \mw A[n-Imcw(\ym-bw) \In. AXns
ASn-m-\-n Abmv {]Xn-{Inb Bh-iy-s-Smw. sIme-t-kn bYm
hmZn `c-W-Iq-Sa, Ahs cm-[n-Im-cnbm-Wv. Abmv thWsa-n sIme-bmfnv amp-sIm-Sp-p-I-bpw {]Xn-{In-b-p-]Icw \-]-cn-lmcw kzoI-cnv Xr]vXn-sSp-Ibpw sNmw. sIme-bn AXncpIhn-bp-I Fp]d--Xn {]Xn-Im-cm-th-in Ip-hmfnv ]pdsa ap--hscIqSn sIme-s-Sp-pI, Ip-hm-fnsb ]oVnnv sImes-Sp-p-I, sIme-s-Sp-n-b-Xn-\p-tijw AwK-`wKw hcp-pI, \-]-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
cn-lmcw hmn-b-tijw sIme-\SpI XpS-n-b-hs-bmw Ds-Sp-p-v.- GsXnepw hyn-tm kwL-nt\m kzw \ne-bn sImev {]Xn-Imcw sNm
Ah-Im-i-an-. AXn-\p Ah-Imiw `c-W-Iq-Sn\m-Wv. \oXn \S-m-m `c-WIqStmSv A`yn-p-I-bmWv thXv. \nbw Ah klm-bn--s-Sp-sa-Xns hnh-, `c-W-Iq-S-m klm-bn--sSpw FmWv. sIme- sNshs
cm-[n-Imcn {]mb-nw kzoI-cnv {]Xn-{Inb hnp-sIm-SppIhgn Ip-hm-fnbpw
klm-bnsSpw Fpw hnh--bmImw.
572
\oXnbn A[njvTnXhpw kam-[m-\-]-c-hp-amb PohnXw ChnsS \ne-\np-Xn\v {km-hns hn[n-hn-e-p-I-fmb thZ-{Kns ASn-m-\-n hn[nI]n-pI Xs thWw. "Hm _pn-amam-tc, \nv h[-n\v {]Xn-{Inb \Sn-em-p--Xn Pohn-X-ap-v, \n àm-cm-Ip--Xn-\p-thn' Fv _Jd:
179- ]d-n-p-v. Jp-BsImv hn[n-I]n-m-h
- XsbmWv \ntj-[nbpw
A{I-anbpw sXm-Sn-bp-sav bYm-{Iaw amCZ: 44, 45, 47 kq--fnepw ]d-npv. ABw: 152, lqZv: 85-86, \lv: 126 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
34.
A\m-Yv {]mb-]qn Fp--Xp-hsc Ahs [\-tmSv Ghpw

\- \n-e-bn-emsX \n kao-]n-p-Ibpw sN-cp-Xv. \n DS-Sn-I ]men-p-Ibpw sNpI. \nbw DS--Sn-I-sf-p-dnv tNmZyw
sN-s-SpI Xs sNpw.
An-km-Av: 2, \n A\m-Y-Iv Ah-cpsS [\w Xncn-p-sIm-SppI,

\n ]cn-ip--am-b-Xns\ t-amn- amm-Xn-cn-pI. \n Ah-cpsS apX
\n-fpsS apX-ep-ambn tNv `nmhp--X. \nbw AXv hIpam-Ip-p
Fpw 6, hnhm-l-{]m-b-am-Ip-Xphsc A\m-Y-I-sf \n ]co-n-psIm-ncn-p-I. Atm \nfh-cn XtSw]-Iz-X Is-nbm Ah-cpsS kv
\n Ahv Xncn-tn-p-I. Ah hfv hep-Xmbn X-fpsS Ah-Imiw
tNmZn-p-sav `bv \n Ah-cpsS [\w \oXn-hnv [qmbpw [rXn-bmbpw
`n-p-Iq-Sm--XmWv. A\m-Y-IfpsS [\w ssIImcyw sNp--h k--\m-sWn AhcpsS [\-n\nv Hpw kzoI-cnmsX Ah-tXpsImv Xs Xr]vXns-Ss. Zcn-{Z-\m-W-ntem, Ah-cp-sS- [-\-n\nv \ymb-amb coXn-bn-ep-Xpam{Xw
`n-p-sIm--s. As\ Ah-cpsS [\w \nfhv Xncn-tnp sImSp-ptm AXnsta kmn-Isf sht--Xpam-Ip-p. IWpt\mp--Xn\v
AmlpXs Ghpw aXn-bm-b-h-\mWv Fpw, 10-, A\m-Y-I-fpsS [\w A{I-aambn Xnp--h-cp--tm, \nbw Ah XfpsS hb-dp-I-fn XobmWv \nd-p-Xv, Bfn--p \c-I-n Ah Icn--s-SpIsSpI Xs sNpsapw
]d-n-p-v. \lv: 114 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
"\n Am-lp-hn-t\mSv DS-Sn sNbvXm' Fp-]-d--Xnse DS-Sn,
AAvdm^v: 172-173, DWp- DS-SnbmWv. dAvZv: 27-, {]kvXpX DS-Sn
Ip-ap-n-b-Xn-\p-tijwAXv Jp-B kq--fn-eqsS DWn-bnvAXns\ apdn-
CkvdmAv (17)
573
p-I-f-bp--h-cmWv sXm-SnI Fp-]-d-n-p-v. "Am-lp-hns\ kmn-bmnsmv sNbvX i]-Y- AXv Dd-n-Xn\p-tijw \n apdn-p-I-f-b-cpXv'
Fp]-d-m Am-lp-hns\ kmn-bm-n-smv krn-I-fp-ambn sNp Icmdp-I apdn-p-I-f-b-cp-Xv, \nbw DS--Sn-I-sf-p-dnv hn[n-Zn-hkw tNmZn--s-SpI
Xs sNpw F t_m[-tm-Sp-IqSn AXv ]qn-bm--W-sa-mWv. hnizm-knI
Am-lp-hns\ kmy-s-Sp-msX krn-I-tfmSv sNp DS--Sn-Ifpw ]mentXmW-v. ImcWw Ah Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-Wv. "Amlp Dt-in-m'
Fp-]-d-bmsX `mhn-bn GsXmcp {]hrnbpw sNmsav hmv sImSp-cp-sXmWv Ilv^v: 23-- Amlp I]n-n-pXv. hnizm-kn-I i]Yw sNm-dn-.
C\n AYhm i]Yw sNp-Ib
- pw A\n-hm-cy-L-
- n AXv apdn-p-If
- t- bn-hc
- nIbpam-sW-n amCZ: 89-{]Imcw AXns {]mb-nw \Ip--Xp-am-Wv. dAvZv: 1718,
\lv: 90-92 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
35.
\n Af- p- s Im- S p- p- t m ]qnbmn Af- p- I bpw,

XqnsmSp-p-tm t\sc-sNm-t-bp \oXn-bpsS Xpem-kpsImv
Xqp-Ibpw sNp-I. AXmWv D-ahpw Imcy--fpsS ]-cn-Wn-Xnv
Ghpw \Xpw.
Cl-ntepw ]c-ntepw Dr--amb hgn-bm-W-nXv. AXp-hgn sImSpp-h-\pw hmp--h\pw ]c-kv]cw hnizm-k-an-p-p. Amlp Fmw honp-p-v, ImWp-p-v, Ahs apn Dcw ]d-tb-n-h-cpw F t_m[-n
]c-kv]cw s]cp-am-dp-tm Hcmpw asm-cmsf hn-mt\m ]cm-Pb
- s
- -Sp-mt\m
km[ya. A-s\-s
- -bmWv hnizm-kn-I Xn-ep sFIyw Dun-bp-d
- n-sSpXv. \n "JnkvXzmkp- apkvXJow'sImv XqpI Fp-]d
- Xns hnh,
"kzndm-p apkvX-Jo-am'b \oXn-bpsS Xpem-kp-sImvJp-B-s\ Xpem-kmbn
D]-tbm-Kn-vXqpI FmWv. Ap-A-dm-Av: 182-, ipsF_v \_n At-l-ns
P\-X-tbmSv ]dp: \n Ghpw sNmmb "JnkvXzmkv' sImv Xqp-I Fv.
Adlvam: 9, a\p-jysc Jp-B ]Tn-n Amlp ]d-bpp: \n
JpB\mIp \oXn-bpsS Xpem-kp-sImv XqpI, \n Xq-n Ipd-hp-hcp-p-I-bp-a-cpXv. hn[n-Zn-h-k-n hniz-kn--m [nm-cn-Ifpw Ip-hm-fn-I-fp-amb,
\c-I-nse "kno-' F ]n-I-bn tcJ-s-Sp--s-hcmb ^pm-dp-I,
P\--fpsS km[-\- Af-p-hm-p-tm Afhpw Xqhpw ]qn-bm-p-Ibpw
Atm-p- AfpsImSpp-tm AXn Ipd-hp-h-cp-p-Ibpw sNp-h-cm-Ipp
Fv apXz^v^nô: 112 ]d-n-p-v. An-km-Av: 59, amCZ: 8, \lv: 9495
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
36.
\n\v Adn-shmpw e`nm\pX-Im CS--fn \np-Ibpa-cpXv.

\n-bw, tIhn, ImgvN, _pn-in XpSn Fm Hn-s\-p-dnpw
tNmZyw sN-s-Sp-IXs sNpw.
Adn-shmpw e`nm CS--fn Ccn-p--Xp-t]m-bnv \n-pIt]mepw
574
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
sNcp-sX-mWv ]d-bp--Xv. ImcWw hn[n-Zn-hkw tIhn, ImgvN, _pn-in,

kabw XpSn Fm A\p-{K-l-sfpdnpw tNmZyw sN-s-Sp--Xm-Wv. ^pkvknev: 20-23 Amlp ]d-bpp: hn[n-Zn-hkw Am-lp-hns i{Xp-sf \c-IwsIms ASp-np-tm, Ah-cpsSXs tIhnbpw ImgvNbpw sXmen-Ifpw
Ahs-Xn-cmbn AhcpsS Chn-Sps {]h-\--sfp-dnv kmywhln-p-Xm-Wv. Atm Ah-cpsS sXmentbmSv Ah tNmZnpw: FmWv \n \aps-Xnsc kmyw hln-p-Xv? sXmen adp-]Sn ]dbpw: Fm hkvXp-pw
AXn-s {]Xn-ê\ in \Inb Amlp R-sf-smv {]Xn-ên-n-p-Ibm-Wv. Ah-\m-Wtm \nsf BZy-ambn krn--Xv, Ah-\n-tev Xs-bm-Wtm
\n-sfmw aS--s-Sp--Xpw. A; \nsXnsc \n-fpsS tIhn-bpw
ImgvNbpw sXmenbpw kmyw hln-p-sa-v \n Hcnepw Icp-Xn-bn-cp-n-,
adnv \n-fpsS \mY-s\-p-dnv \n Icp-Xn-b-Xv \n-bw, Ah \n
{]hn-p--sXmpw Adn-bpn Fm-Wv. As\ \n- Imew Ign-p-Iqp-I-bpw \-s--h-cn B]Xn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ^pJm: 7273, ]c-a-Im-cp-WnIs C-Zm-kam I-kmyw hln-p-I-bn-s-pw hyamb Hcp cwK-neqsS \S-p-t]m-Im CS-h-m Fnbpw ]mfnbpw t\mmsX am\y-ambn \Sp-t]m-Ip-sa-pw, Fm X-fpsS \mYs kq- lrZ-b-ns `mjbn
Hman-n--s-Sptm Ah AXp-sIms sNhn-s]m-amcpw Aam-cp-am-bnsmv hogp-I-bn Fpw ]d-n-p-v. An-km-Av: 140, Ckvdm-Av: 1315
hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
Fm Poh-Pm-e-pw tIhnbpw ImgvNbpw lrZ-b-hp-ap-v. Fm a\pjy\v ap PohPme-fn\nv hyXy-kvX-ambn "^pBZv'_p-n-i-n \Inbn-cnp-p. \lv: 78 t\mpI. Jp-B-\ns samw BibneqsS {km-hns\
Is-m\pw Pohn-Xe
- yw kmm-XvIc
- n-m-\p-amWv tIhnbpw ImgvNbpw _pni-nbpw D]-tbm-Kn-t--Xv. Adnhpw Xncn--dnhpw cm-Wv. Hcm Ah-s\-pdnv a\-n-em-ptm {km-hns\ Is-p--Xm-Wv. DZm: (1). a\p-jys
lrZbw Hcpskn GI-tZiw \m]XptImSn cq]-bpsS tPmen \n-ln-pp
FXv imkv{Xo-b-amb Adn-hmWv. Fm C{X ko-amb Hc-p Ah-bhw
C{n-b-p-n-bn\nv hnI-kn-n-s-Sp- k-{k-m-hns\ Is-p--h-cmWv
Xncn--dn-hp--h. Ben-Cw-dm: 191, An-km-Av: 1 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. DZm:
(2). bq\pkv: 92-93, ]nm-e-mv Hcp Zrm--amn shp--Xn-\p-thn
Ct-Zn\w \ns ^n-Hus icocw Rm c-s-Sp-p-Ibpw kwc-n-pIbpw
sNpXmWv, Fm P\--fn A[n-I-t]cpw \psS Zrmsf-smv
{]-b--h Xs-bm-Wv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Cv CuPn-]vjy ayqkn-b-n-ep
^n-Hu\ns icocw P\- ImWp-pv. Jp-B-\nse 6236 kqfn HmW-Xv. Fm Jp-B\nse ap kq--fpsS BibwIqSn a\-n-emn, ]q\mb {km-hns\ Is-p--h-cmWv Xncn--dn-hp-h. Ah Xs-bmWv _pn
D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--h-cpw. AAv-dm^v: 185 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
CkvdmAv (17)
575
A-Im-kp: 8, ]ns hn[n-Zn-hkw Fm A\p-{K--sf-p-dnpw tNmZyw
sN-s-SpIXs sNpsav ]d-n-p-v. AXm-bXv kv, ka-bw, tIhn,
ImgvN, _pn-i-n, Adnhv, A[n-Imcw, kzm[o\w XpSn Fm- A\p-{K-fpw
Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tnm\pw ]Tn-n-m\pw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-I-bm-sW-n
Ahv ktm-j-tmsS Dcw ]d-bm km[n-p--Xm-Wv. Jp-B e`n-nv
Pohn-X-eyw FmWv? Jp-B Fv, Fn-\v, Fp-sIm-v? Fsmpw a\n-em-m Nnm-inbpw a\p{K-lfpw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m-Xn-cp {`mamscmwXs Dcw ]d-bm km[n-m-sXRm Jp-B aqSn-sh Im^n-dm-bncp-p- F-v kzbw kmyw-h-lnv\-c-I-n Ipn\nd--s-Sm hn[n-s--hcm-Ipsav AAv-dm^v: 179- ]d-npv. acn-p ka-bv X-fpsS \mYs\
ktm-jt- m-Sp-IqSn ImW-Ws
- a-n Pohn-XI
- m-ev Jp-B\
- ns Bi-b
- n-eqsS
Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-bw-sImv ImWpIXs- thWw. Am--h ZpxJ-tm-SpIqSn
]nim-Nn-s\bmhpw ImWp-I Fv Jzn-bma: 22-23 \nv -a-\-n-em-mw. A^m:
2124, bq\pkv: 99-100, dAvZv: 28 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
37.
\o `qan-bn Al-c
- nv \S-p-Ibpacp-Xv. \n\v `qansb ]nfmt\m
]-X-tfmfw Db-cmt\m km[n-p-I-bn-.
Am-lp-hn\pthn am{Xw Pohn-p Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmb hnizm-knI Hcn-epw Al-cn-p-I-tbm Xmt]m-cna \Sn-p-Itbm sN-cp-sX-mWv
Amlp ]Tn-n-p--Xv. ^pJm: 63-, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is C-Zm-kam `qanbn \S-p-I-bm-sW-n hn\o-X-cmbn \S-p-hcpw, Ahn-thInI AhtcmSv
kwkm-cn-m CS-bm-bm "\nv kemw' Fp-]-d-v ]n-cnp t]mIp--hcpam-sWv ]d-n-p-v. epJvam Xs aIs\ D]-tZ-in-p-sImv ]d-bpp: \o
P\--fn\nv apJw Xncnv kwkm-cn-p-I-bpw `qan-bn Al--cnv \S-p-Ibpw
sN-cp-Xv. \nbw, kzbw hn-X\pw `v\Sn-p--h\p-amb Hcm-sfbpw Amlp
C-s-Sp-n-. \ns \Sw anX-amb cq]-n-em-p-I, \ns iw Xmgvp-I.
\n-bw, i--fnshv Ghpw AtcmNI-am-bXv IgpXcmKw Xs-b-tm Fv
epJvam: 18-19- ]d-n-pv. hnizm-kn-Ifn\nv Hcn-epw Al-m-c-n-sbpw
B-{]-iw-k-bp-sSbpw Hcphmp-t]mepw ]pd-p-h-cn-. Ah-cpsS Ccn-n-Sw, hn{iaw,
k{-Zm-bw, hkv{Xw, Xma-k--ew, bm{X, s]mXp CS-]m-Sp-I XpSn Fm-nepw
hn\-b-hpw Xmgvabpw emfn-Xy-hp-amWv ImW-s-Sp-I. Fm Am-lp-hn-sbpw
Ah-cp-sSbpw i{Xp--fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfmSv Ah i{Xp-X-bnepw tZjy-nepw
Xs-bmWv s]cp-am-dp-I. Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmb Ah Am-lp-hn-\p-thn
kwkm-cn-p--h-cmWv. Jp-B-\ns Bibw knwl-K\w t]mse-bmWv Ah
hni-Zo-Ic
- n-p-I. Bi-ba
- d
- n-bmsX {Kw hln-p IgpX-I, AXp-tIv `b-sphnctm-SsSp-- Imp-I-gp-X-Isftmse hnc-tm-Sp-sav ap-kn: 49-51 ]d-npv. Atm hnizm-kn-I "\n Am-lp-hn-tev hnc-tm-SpI' F Amcn-bmv: 50- s I]-\-am-\nv Jp-B-\ns Bibw hni-Zo-I-cn-p kZ-n-temWv ap-ta-J-e-I-fn\nv hnc-tmSn hcn-I. `qan-bn [mjvTy-tmsS Al--
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
cnp\S-p--hv \c-I-n e-an-tbm? F tNmZy-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv kpa:
60 Ah-km-\n-p--sX-n, 72 Ah-km-\n-p--Xv `qan-bn [mjvTy-tmsS Al-cnp\S-p--hp ktXw F{X Zpjn-Xv Fv ]d-p-sIm-m-Wv. BenCw-dm: 79, AAv-dm^v: 146-147, Xu_: 73, 80, 123, \lv: 29 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
576
38.
AsXm-amIpp \ns \mYsbSp- shdp--s XnI.
kqw 23 apX 37 hsc kq--fn ]cm-ain Imcy--fmWv ChnsS

Dt- i n- p- - X v . AYhm \ns \mYsbSp- shdp- - s GXv {]hrnsNpXpw Ah\v C-I-c-a Fw. ^mnl: 7, AAv-dm^v: 35-36,
Xu_: 112 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
39.
AsX-mw \ns \mY \n\v Znhy-k-t-i-ambn \Inb XXz-fns]-Xm-Ip-p. \o Am-lp-hn-t\m-sSmw asmcp Cem-lns\
kzoIcn-cp-Xv. As\ sNbvXm \o Bt-]ml\pw ImcpWyw
hne--s--h-\p-ambn \c-I-n Fdn-b-s-SpXm-Ip-p.
Jp-B kq- kv]hpw XXz-\n`-chpam-Wv. Amlp am{X-amWv

Cemlv Fv Dd-n-p--Xn\v thn-bm-Wv AXv Ah-X-cn-n--s-Xv. AXn-\p-hn-cp-ambcoXn-bn Jp-B ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Imcp-Wyhpw
ZmnWyhpan-msX i]n--s--h\pw tIm]n--s-h-\p-ambn \c-I-Ip-WvTn
Fdn-b-s-Sp-sa-mWv ap-dn-bnv \Ip--Xv. lqZv: 12, \lv: 2, 36, 125 hni-ZoIcWw t\mp-I.
40. \n- f psS \mY \nsf ]p{Xamcm A\p- { K- l n- p- I - b pw,
X\npthn ae-p-Isf ]p{Xn-am-cmbn kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cnp-p-shtm? \n-bw, \nfpsS hmp-I hfsc Kpcp-Xcw Xs.
Xu_: 30, \lv: 57-59 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
41.
Ah lrZ-bw-sImv Hman-p--Xn\pthn Cu Jp-B-\n \mw

Fmw hni-ZoI-cnnp-v. Fm AX-hv IqSp-X hntcm[tmsS-bp AI-b-msX hn-n-pn-.
\n-bw a\p-jyp-thn Cu Jp-B\n Fm Hmtcm D]a DZm-l-c-Wfpw FSp-p--cn-n-p-v--A-h lrZ-bw-sImv Hmn-p--Xn-\p-th-n Fv

kpa: 27-epw, \n-b-w Cu Jp-B-\n a\pjyp-thn Fm Hmtcm D]-a-Ifpw
DZm-l-cnn-p-v. Fm a\p-jy Fm-Im-cy-nepw AXy[nIw X-kz-`m-h-ap-h-\mbncn-p-p Fv Ilv^v: 54-epw ]d-n-p-v. Adqw: 58-59 Amlp
]d-bpp: \nb-w a\p-jyp-thn Fm Hmtcm D]-a DZml-c-W-fpw FSp-p-cn-n-p-v. Fm Ahv Hmtcm kqw hp-In-p-tmgpw Ah-cn-ep \ntj[n-I ]d-bpIXs sNpw: \nbw \n anYym-hm-Zn-IfmsX am-cp-a. A{]-
CkvdmAv (17)
577
Imcw hnh-c-an-m BfpIfpsS lrZ-b-sf Amlp ap{Z-sh-p-p. ^pJm:
60, Ccw \ntj-[n-I-tfmSv ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is apn kmmwKw {]W-an-pI
Fv ]d-b-s-m Ah tNmZn-p--XmWv: GXmWv Cu ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I? \o
]d-bp--hsm-sbpw R kmmwKw {]W-an-p-Itbm? Fm AXhv
hntcm-[tmsS-bp AI hn-np-Ib
- mWp-m-bX
- v Fp-]d
-
n-p-v. JpB-\ns Bmhv AXns Bi-b-am-Wv, AXv a\-n-em-m\mWv Ffp--am-n-bn-pXv. AXn\p{ian-msX AXns icocw Xnp-I-hgn hnn\nv Av sXdn-pt]m-Ip- thK-n Zo\n\nv sXdn-p-t]m-IpXmWv. \_n ]Tn-n--- Cmcyw
Cs apkvenwI-sf DWn-bm CtX- {]Xn-Ic
- Ww Xs-bmWp-m-hp-I FpImWmw. AAvdm^v: 2, Xu_: 125, lnPv: 9, 12, \lv: 89 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
42.
]d-bpI: Ah ]dbpXp-t]mse Ah-t\m-sSmw av Cem-lp-I

Dm-bn-cp-p-sh-n Ah Xo-bmbpw knwlm-k-\m[n-]s m\sm a-cn-p-ambn-cp-p.
Cu {]]--s C{Xbpw hyhm]n-X-ambpw kp-en-X-ambpw {kjvSm-hns

GI-Xzs hnfn--dn-bn-p hn[-nepw kwhn-[m-\n Ah\v ]m-fn-Isf Btcm]n-p--Xn\v bmsXm-cp- ]-gp-Xp-an-sv ImWm-hp--Xm-Wv. {]]--s C{Xbpw
X{--X-tbm-sSbpw cRvPntm-sSbpw \S-n-smpt]mhpI FXv Fmw
AS-n-`-cn-p GIm[n-]\pw km-[n-]\pw tkzOm-[n-]-\p-amb Hcp-h-\-msX
km[y-amhp-I-bn-sv AXv kzbw kmyw hln-p-pv. {kjvSm-hns\ IspI F Pohn-X-eyw km-mXvI-cn-p--Xn-\p-thn Jp-B-\ns Bibw
DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iambn D]tbm-K-s-Sp-p---hv am{Xta AXv a\-n-em-hp-I-bpp.
Am--h-scmw lv: 46 ]d--Xp-t]mse s\-I-p lrZ-b-n\v
AX_m[n--h-cm-Wv. Ckvdm-Av: 72 Iqn-hm-bn-pI. kpKvdp^v: 84-, Ah-\mWv
BIm-ipw Cemlv `qan-bnepw Cem-lv. Ah bpn-\pw k-\pw Xsbm-Ip-p Fpw 85-, BmtWm BIm-i--fp-sSbpw `qan-bp-sSbpw Ah- cn\p-an-S-bn-ep--h-bp-sSbpw B[n-]-Xy-ap--Xv, BcpsS ]-emtWm B Ay\nan-js-p-dnp Adn-hp--Xv, Bcn-te-mtWm \n-sfmw Xncn--b--s-Sp--Xv,
Ah A\p-{K-l-ap-S-b-h-\m-Ip-p Fpw ]d-n-pv. ^mnl: 4, bq\pkv: 3,
dAvZv: 14-16, \lv: 22, 48-51 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
43.
Ah P]n-p- ]m-fn--fn\nv AXyp--X\mb Ah

Hun-Xy-ap-S-b-h\pw hen-b-h\pamb Ah ]cn-ip-\mIp-p.
AhAmlp GI-\m-Wv, Ah Fm-h-cmepw B{i-bn--s-Sp--h-\pw,

Bcp-sSbpw B{ibw thm-- ]q\p-am-Ip-p. Ah\v km-\-an-, Ah amcp-sSbpw km-\-hp-a, Ah-s\-tmse Hcm-fp-an Fv kqd: CJvem-knepw Ahs\-tmse Hcp hkvXp-hpan- Fv Aqd: 11epw ]d-n-pv. Ah BZy\pw
Ay\pw {]Xy--\pw ]tcm-\pamWv, Ah- FmImcy-fpw Adn-bp--h-\pamIpp Fv l-ZoZv: 3 ]d-n-pv. _Jd: 33, 255, Ckvdm-Av: 1 hni-Zo-I-cWw
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
578
t\mp-I.
44.
Ggv BIm-i-fpw `qanbpw Ah-bn-ep--h-bp-samw Ahs hnipn

{]Io\w sNbv X p- s Im- n- c n- p- I - b m- I p- p. Ahs\ kv X pXnpsImv ]cn-ip-s-Sp-m HcphkvXphpw Xs-bn. ]t,
\n AhbpsS ]cn-ip-s-Sp- {Kln-p-n-. \nbw Ah
Gsd kl-\-ioe-\mb- s]mdp-p-h Xs-bm-Ipp.
\nbw Amlp, BIm-i-fnepw `q-an-bn-ep-ap- Fm- Hpw NndIv \ne-amn ]d-p ]n-Ifpw Ahs\ hmgvp-Xv \o ImWpnt? Fm Hn\pw
AXns \a-kvImccoXn-bpw {]Io\coXnbpw Ah ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Ah
{]hn-p--sXmw Amlp Adn-bp-papv Fv Aq: 41- ]d-npv.
"\nbw Ah Gsd kl-\-ioe-\mb- s]mdp-p-h Xs-bm-Ipp' Fp-]-d-Xns hnh-; C-\-sbmw Amlp-hns\ lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn ]cn-N-bs-Sp-n-sm-Sp-npw AXns\ Ah-K-Wnv A{I-an-Ifpw \ntj-[n-Ifpw [nm-cn-Ifp-am-bn-o a\p-jyv Amlp \n-bn Ah[n-hsc kabw \on-sm-Spp-I-bpw `W- hn-`-h- \Ip-Ibpw sNp-p FmWv. IqSmsX Ahsc
eyt_m[aph-cm-p--Xn-\pthn ap-dn-bn-p-Imsc \ntbm-KnpsImncnpIbpw sNpp. Bsc-nepw Jp-B-\ns Bibw hmbnv Xs Ign-p-t]mb
sXp-I lrZ-bw-sImv Gp-]-dv s]mdp--ens\ tXSn-bm Ahs Ign-pt]mb sXp-I s]mdppsImSp-p-XmWv. As\ Ah-chsc-sm-p-Xs
Ahsc ipo-I-cn-nv ]cnip-\mb Amlphn-tev Xncn-p-sIm-p-t]m-Ip-p.
AAv-dm^v; 179, bq\pkv: 57, lqZv: 114, \lv: 4950, 61 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
45.
\o Jp-B ]mcm-bWw sNp-tm \mw \n\pw ]c-tem-I-n

hniz-kn-m--hpan-S-bn ImWm Hcp ad-bn-Sp-p.
46.
AXv {Kln-m-\mhm--hn[w Ah-cpsS lrZ-b--v \mw Hcp aqSnbn-n-cn-p-p, Ah-cpsS ImXp-I-fn AS-p-I-fn-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-pp. \o Jp-B\
- n \ns \mYs\ GI-\mbn Hman-n-p-tm Ah
hntcm[-tmsS ]pdwXn-cnpt]mIp-Xpam-Wv.
^pzn-ev: 5, kXy-\n-tj-[n-I ]d-bp--Xmbnv Amlp ]d-bpp: \o

hnfnp-sIm-n-cn-p kt-i-n\pt\sc R-fpsS lrZ-b- AS-p-aq-S-s-ncn-p-p. R-fpsS ImXp-Ifpw aqS-s-n-cn-p-p. Rpw \n\-p-an-S-bn Hcp
ad hoWn-cn-p-p. Atm \o \ns ]Wnt\mp-I, R R-fpsS]Wn
t\mnsmmw Fv. kPZ: 22- Amlp tNmZn-pp: X-fpsS \mYs
kq- lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn Hmn-n-sXn\p-tijw AXns\ Ah-KWnp t]mIp--h-t\-m Ghpw henb A{Ian BcmWv? Ccw {`mamtcmSv \mw {]Xn-Imcw sNpIXs sNpw. kpa: 45- Amlp ]d-bpp: \o
Am-lp-hns\ Jp-B-\n- GI-\mbn Hman-n-pI-bm-sWn ]c-tem-I-n
CkvdmAv (17)
579
hniz-kn-m--h-cpsS lrZ-b--fn a\w-]p-cepm-Ip--Xm-Wv. Ah-s\-q-Sm-sXbp- - h sc Hman- n- p- I - b m- s W- ntem, Atm- g Xm Ah ktm- j - m
]pfIwsImp--hcmbnocp-p. \ntj-[n-I-fpsS Cu kz-`m-h-v hncp--ambn
kPZ: 15, \nbw \psS kq--fn hniz-kn-p--h, AXpsImv lrZ-bns `mj-bn Ah DW-s-m Ahs\ kvXpXn-p-sImpw hmgvnsmpw kpPq-Zn hogp--Xm-Wv. Ah Hcn-epw Al--cnv ]nn-cnp\npI-bpan- Fv ]d-n-pv. ABw: 2526, AAv-dm^v: 206, Xu_: 73, 95, dAvZv: 36
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
47.
Ah- \ns kwkmcw sNhnsImSpv tIp-tm bYm-n

FmWv tIp-s
- X-pw, Ah ]c-kv]cw cl-ky-kw-`m-jW
-
- n
FmWv Ipip-Ip-ip-p--sXpw, \n ]n]-p-Xv B`n-Nmcw
_m[n Hcp a\p-jys\bmsXb Fv Cu A{I-an-I ]-d-bpXpsamw \-appXs \mbn Adn-bmw.
Cu A{I-an-I ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpp: \n ]n]-p-Xv B`n-Nmcw _m[n

Hcp a\p-jys\bmsXb F Bi-b-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv ^pJm: 8 Ah-km-\np-Xv. An-km-Av: 8182, bq\pkv: 65, lqZv: 56, \lv: 127 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
48.
t\mq-I, GsXms cq]-n-emWv \n\v Ah D]a Na-bvp-Xv,

Atm Ah ]ng-p-t]m-bn-cn-pp. C\n Ahv kamKw t\Sm
km[y-hp-a-.
Cu kqw ^pJm: 9epw Bhn-n-p-v. \ntj-[n-I apl-Zv \_nsb-p-dnv Btcm-]n-n-cp Btcm-]-W- ^pJm: 78 Cs\ ImWmw:
Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpp: Fp-]n Cu dkq-en-\v? `Ww Ign-p-p! AmSn-bn t]mIp-p! Ah-t\m-sSmw ap-dn-bnv \I-s-Sm FpsImv Hcp
aens\ Cd-n-bn-? As-n FpsImv Ahs\mcp JP-\mhv Cp-sIm-Spn-? Fp-sImv Ah\v `n-m Hcp tXm-ap-m-bn-? Cu A{I-an-I ]dbp-Ibpw sNpp: \n ]n]-p-Xv B`n-Nmcw _m[n Hcp ]pcp-j-s\-bmsXb. ABw: 65, lqZv: 31, dAvZv: 38, lnPv: 6 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
49.
Ah- tNmZn-p-Ibpw sNpp: R tIhew FpIfpw ]ppambnom ]ns ]pXnb krn-I-fmbn ]p\Pohn-n-sSpsatm?
50.
Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-I: \n Ip-Itfm Asn Ccptm Bbn-smpI.
51.
As-n \n-fpsS s\p-Ipn FmtWm krn-sSm Gsd {]bm-k-I-c-ambn tXmp-Xv, AXm-bnsmp-I. Atm
580
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Ah tNmZnpw: BcmWv Rsf hopw aS-nsm-p-h-cnI?
\o ]d-bp-I: GsXm-cp-h\mtWm \nsf BZy-hw hncn-n-p-mnbXv, AhXs. Atm Ah ]cn-lmk]qw \nst\sc
Xe-bm-n-sImv tNmZnpw: Ftm-gm-W-Xp-m-hpI? ]d-bpI: AXv
ASppXs kw`-hntmw.
Ap-Xtam ]cn-lm-ktam {]I-Sn-n-p-tm sNp--Xp-t]mse tatempw

Xmtgmpw Xe-bm-p- -coXn-bnemWv ChnsS Ah tNmZnp--Xv. Fm Ime-pap \ntj-[n-I-fpsS kz`m-h-amWv Cu kq-n hc-p-Im-Wn-n-p--Xv. Pohn-Xeyw a\-n-em-m Ah, Pohn-X-sa-m Cl-tem-I-p-Xv am{X-am-Wv,
ChnsS \mw P\n- pp, acn- pp F- msX ]p\kr- n- - s Spsa- t m,
ChnSps Pohn-X-s-p-dnv Hcp-\m-fn Hbv-sm--bvmbn DS-a-bpsS apn
Dcw ]d-tb-n-h-cp-satm hniz-kn-p-n-. lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn-ep Jp-B\ns B-m-hn-s\ Ah-K-Wnv Pohn-pXpImcWw Ah-cpsS Pnp-Iq-p-Im-c
Ahsc ]nSn-ap-dp-n-bn-cn-bmWv. AAvdm^v: 202, bq\pkv: 53, lqZv: 8, lnPv: 85-86,
\lv: 3840 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
52.
\nsf hnfn-p \mfn, Atm Ahs\ kvXpXn-p-sImv

\nfh\v adp]Sn \Ip--XmWv. \n A]a-msX Cu Ah-bn Ign-n-n Fv \nv tXmp-Ibpw sNpw.
`qanbn Pohn- n- c p Ime- L w GXm\pw aWn- q- d p- I - f mbn am{Xta

\ntj[nIv tXmp-I-bp-q. apAvan\q: 112- Amlp tNmZn-pp: `qan-bn
\n F{X hj-mew Pohnp? 113- Ah adp-]Sn ]dbpw: R Hcp Znhktam Hcp Znh-k-ns A]-`m-Ktam Pohn-n-pmhpw. \o F-a-dn-bp--h-tcmSv
tNmZn-p-t\m-p-I. 114-, \n A]-Im-e-a-msX Pohn-n-n--,At? \n
Jp-B-\ns Bibw Adn-bp--h-cm-bn-cp-s-n F{X \m-bn-cp-t-s\! ^Pv:
23-24 Amlp ]d-bpp: \cIw sImp-h-cp B Zn\w, Av a\p-jy\v t_m[ywhcpw, Ah Jp-B-\ns Bibw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-bn-cp-s-n F{X\m-bncp-t-s\ Fv. Ah ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpw: Hm Iw, Rm Fs Bbpv shdpsX-I-f-tm Fv. Am-kn-Bv: 46-, B hn[n-Zn-hkw ImWptm-: R
cm{Xn-bn\n-p Hcp Cim-Av ka-btam As-n ]I-en-\np Hcp fplm
ka-btam AmsX Pohn-n-nsv Ah ]dbpw Fv ]d-n-pv. lqZv: 24,
C_vdmlow: 30 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Fm hnizm-kn-Iv, ac-Wa
- S-
X
- p-ap-X Ay-Zn\w hsc-bp J_PohnXw GXm\pw aWn-q-dp-If
- m-bn-am-{Xsa tXmp-Ib
- p-p. Ah A]-ka
- bw Ddn
s]s-v hnfnsgp-t]n-spshmWv Icp-Xp-I. Ah {XnIm-e-m-\-amb
Jp-B\
- ns Bibw D]-tbm-Ks
- -Spn ChnsS-hpXs J_Po-hn-X
- n-\p-thn
kzKn\np Hcp ]qtmv ]Wn-X-h-cm-Wv. _Jd: 259 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI. Jm^v: 41-42 kq--fn Amlp ]dbpp: At-Zn\w ASp---e-
CkvdmAv (17)
581
p-\nv hnfn-p Hcphnfn-bmfs hnfntIp-Ibpw sNpI. AmWv B
tLmc-K\w tIp bYm-Zn\w. AXmWv ih-p-gn-bn\nv DS-a-bpsS
apn-tev ]pd-s-Sm-\p Zn\w. \n Am-lp-hns\ kvXpXn-p-sImv Fgptp-sav ]d--Xn\nv hnizm-knbpw \ntj[nbpw Am-lp-hns\ kvXpXnp-sa-m-Wv hnh. hnizmkn kvXpXn-m ImcWw {XnIm-e-m-\amb Jp-B\ns Bi-b-n Ah a\-n-em-nb cwK--fmWv ]c-tem-Iv ImWp--Xv
FXpsImmWv. Atm Ah\v AhnsS bmsXmcp ZpxJnt\m `b-nt\m
CS-h-cn-I-bn F ktm-j-mepamWv. _Jd: 38 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
\ntj-[nbpsS Bm-hn-s\bpw Jp-B ]Tn-n-n-p--Xn-\m Ah\pw
Amlphns\ kvXpXn-p--Xm-Wv. FmeXv hgn-sp-sIm-, \n_-n-X-ambn-sm-m-Wv Fp-am-{Xw. Xs-bp-a, AhcpsS J_ \c-I-n\n-p Hcp
Xop-gn-bmbXn-\m, AXn\nv c-In-n-b-XpsIm-p-Iq-SnbmWv Am-lp-hns\
kvXpXn-p--Xv. ]c-tem-I-p-shv \ntj-[n-I ]d-bpXmWv: RfpsS \mYm,
R cp-{]m-hiyw acn-p, cp-{]m-hiyw P\n-p, Atm R R-fpsS
]m]--sfmw Xncn--dn-p, AXpsImv C\n Chn-sS-\nv ]pd-p-t]m-Im h
amK-hp-aptm Fv apAvan: 11- ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-pv. _Jd: 28 hniZoIcWw t\mp-I.
Jm^v: 22- Amlp ]d-bpp: \o Cu Zn\-s-smv hnth-I-iq-\y-\m-bncpp, Atm Cv \nsInta-ep B aqSn \mw Zqcn-I-cn-n-cn--bm-Wv.
AXpsImv CtZn\w \o Fmw XovW-ambn ImWpIXs sNpw. AImkp: 38 kq--fn Amlp ]d-bp-p: A; \n Adn-bpIXs sNpw,
A; ]ns \n AdnbpIXs sNpw, A; \nv Dd-p Adnhv Dmbn-cp-s-n F{X \m-bn-cp-ts\! \n \cIw ImWpIXs sNpw, ]ns
\n In\v Dd-m-Ip--Xp-hsc AXv ImWpIXs sNpw. lnPv: 99 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI. DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iamb, kXyhpw AkXyhpw Xncn--dnbm-\p Dc-m-b, Fm-Im-cy-fpw Xqn-t\m-m-\p {Xmkmb Jp-B\ns Bibw Innbnv Cl-n D]-tbm-Kn-m-Xn-cpm AhcpsS ssII Ahp-thn Hcpn-sh-p-Xv \c-I-amWv. ^pJm: 27-29 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. C_vdmlow: 43, \lv:
28-32, 111 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
53.
Fs ASn-a-I-tfmSv \o ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpI: Ah Ghpw \Xv

kwkm-cn--s, \nbw ]nimNv Ahn-S-bn Ipg--ap-m-m
{ian-p-pv. \n-bw, ]nimNv a\pjy\v hyamb i{Xp Xsbtm.
Ghpw \Xv Fp-]-d-Xv Jp-B\ns Bi-b-am-Wv. Pohn-X-n JpB-\ns Bi-b-amWv Ghpw IqSp-X I-Xv, tI-Xv, N sNbvXXv Fn
Ckvdm-Av: 13-15 kqf-\p-k-cnv Ah-c-h-cpsS ]nc-Sn-bnsh I-tc-J-bn-
AXv tcJ-s-Sp-p-Xpw, \msf hmbn-m ]pXp-am-bn-cn-pw. Aq- he-Xp-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
I-n {Kw e`n-p-h-cp-am-bn-cn-pw. hnizm-kn-I Ftmgpw JpB-\ns Bibn Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p-h
- c
- m-Wv. Ah-cn ]nim-Nn\v bmsXmcp
kzm[o-\hpw Dm-bn-cn-p-I-bp-an-. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\n-mWv ]nimNv XSbp-I. AAvdm^v: 27, 201, bq\pkv: 26-27, bqkp^v: 5, \lv: 63, 98-100 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
582
54.
\n-fpsS \mY \n-sf-p-dnv Ghpw Adn-bp--h-\pam-Ipp.

Ah-\p-t-in-p-Ib
- m-sWn \nsf A\p-{K-ln-p-Ib
- pw, Asn
Ah-\p-t-in-p-I-bm-sW-n \nsf inn-p-Ibpw sNpw. \mw
\ns Ah-cpsS ssIIm-cyI-m-hmbn Ab-n-pan.
ABw: 66, lqZv: 47, Ckvdm-Av: 25, 30 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
55.
BIm-i
- f
- nepw `qan-bn-ep-aphscp-dn-smw \ns dv Xs-bmWv
Ghpw Adn-bp-h. \n-bw, \mw \_n-am-cn Nne-v Nne-tcm t{ijv T X \In- b n- p- v . ZmhqZn\v \mw k_q \IpIbpwsNbvXp.
BIm-i-{K--am-b AIn-Xm-_n-s `mKw Xs-bmWv k_q. _-Jd: 2 hniZo-I-cWw t\mpI. k_q-dns _lph-N-\-amWv "kp_p' G-Sp-I. A-q-A-dm-Av:
196- Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw Cu Jp-B ]qnI GSp-I-fn-se-m-ap-v.
dAvZv: 3031, lnPv: 90-91, \lv: 35 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Fm-e-p-ap
\ntj[n-I apl-Zv \_n-sb am{X-a, ap {]hm-N-Iamscsbmw In-cp--Xv
Ihn-bm-bnpw Pnp-_m-[n-h
- \
- m-bnpw tPm-y-\m-bnpsam-am-bn-cpp. Jp-B IhnX-bm-sW Btcm-]Ww D-bn-n-cp Ahv adp-]-Sn-bm-bn-mWv bmko: 69,
\mw At-ls IhnX ]Tn-n-n-n-, Ihn-bm-bn-cn-pI At-ln\v tbmPn--Xpa-. CXv lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn DWp- JpB-\ns Bmhpw hy-amb
Jp-B\
- p-a
- msX asm-p-a
- Fp ]d-n-p-Xv. lnPv: 9 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
Fm Zmhq-Zn\v \Inb k_qk-o-\w Ihn-Xm-cq-]-n-em-bn-cp--p. AXpsIm- mWv ChnsS Zmhq- Z n\v k_q \In Fv {]tXyIw FSp- p- - c nncnpXv.
ZmhqZv N{I-hn-bm-bn-cp-s-nepw Am-lp-hns hn[n-hn-e-p-I-f-S-nb
k_q A\p-kcnv amXrImPohnXw \bn-pIbp-w, {]P-In-S-bn AX-\p-kcnv hn[n-I]n-p-I-bpw sNbvXn-cpp. Hm {]hmN-Itc, Ah ]d-bp--Xn \o
an-p-sIm-p-I, \mw in{]`mhw \Inb \psS ASna ZmhqZns\ \o A\pkva-cn-n-p-Ibpw sNpI; \nbw Ah \n-te-v Bhn-m-hnv Xncnbp--h Xs-bm-bn-cp-p. \nbw ]-X-sf At-l-tm-sSmw hnt[-b-amn-sm-Sp-p. Ah Cim-Av kab-fnepw kqtcym-Zbka-b--fnepw A-tl-tmsSmw Am-lp-hns\ Io\w sNbvXn-cp-p. ]n-Ifpw AhnsS Hcp-an-p-Iq-Sn-bncp-p. Fm HpwXs Ah-\n-tev Bhn-m-hnv Xncn-bphXs-bm-
CkvdmAv (17)
583
bn-cp-p. At-l-ns cmPm-[n-]Xyw \mw in-s-Sp-n-sm-Sp-p-I-bpw, Atln\v \mw XXz-m\w \Ip-I-bpw, Xocpam\w I]n-m-\p hmIvNmXpcyw
\IpIbpw sNbvXp Fv kzmZv: 17-20 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. k_-Av: 10-,
\n-b-ambpw Zmhq-Zn\v \mw \n\n-p A\p-{Klw HuZm-cy-ambn \In-bnpv. ]-X-pw ]n-Ipw \mw I]\ sImSpp, Zmhq-Zn-t\m-sSmw
Bhnmhnv Fn-tev Xncn-bpho Fv. AXmbXv ]-X-fpw
]n-Ifpw Zm-hq-Zn-t\m-sSmw At-l-ns ko-\- {]Xn-^-en-n-n-cpp.
At-l-n\v \mw Ccpv ]XwhcpnsmSp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. temI-mpw
\Im cmPm-[n-]Xyw \In-bn-cp-snepw ZmhqZns aI kpsse-am\pw \n
{]I-Sn-n-p ASn-a-bm-bn-cp-p. AAvdm^v: 10, \lv: 78, Ckvdm-Av: 3, 4748 hniZo-I-cWw t\mpI.
56.
\o ]d-bpI: Ah-s\-q-SmsX Ahs ]m-fn-I-sf-v \n Dd-n-pshncnp-hsc hnfnp{]mn-p-I. Atm Ahv \nsfsmv Zpcn-X
- Zqco-Ic
- n-m-t\m amn-shmt\m km[n-pIbn
Xs.
AAvdm^v: 192200, bq\pkv: 18, 49, 104-106 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
57.
Aq- hnfnp{]mnp- - h - c p- - t m, Ah kzbwXs

XfpsS \mYs kmao]yw tXSp--h-cpw, X-fn BcmWv Aht\mSv IqSp-X ASp--h-\m-hpI FXn\pthn {ian-p-sIm-n-cnp--hcpw, Ahs ImcpWyw Bin-p--h-cpw, Ahs insb
`b-s-Sp--h-cp-am-Ipp. \n-bw, \ns \mYs in hf-sc `bstS-Xv Xs-bm-Ipp.
Ben-Cw-dm: 28-31, amCZ: 35, dAvZv: 14-15 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
58.
\nbw, Ay-\m-fn\papv \mw \innp-Itbm Asn ITn-\ambn inn- p- I tbm sNm- - X m- b nv \mSp- I - f n\np
HpwXs- b n, AXv {K- n tcJ- s - S p- n- b n- p- Imcyw
Xsbm-Ip-p.
kq-n D]-tbm-Kn "akvXzqdm' F ]Z-n-\w hcsXmsX tcJs-Sp-n-bn-p Imcyw Fm-Ip-p. Azq: 2, hc-sX-m {Khp-amWv
kXyw Fv Jp-B-\ns\]n ]d-n-p-v. \in-n--s-Sp-Itbm inn--s-SpItbm sNmsX Ay-\mhsc \ne-\np Hcp {]tZ-i-hp-apm-hp-Ibn
FmWv kqw ]Tn-n-p-Xv. Hmtcm hynpw Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-n\pw, temIn-\p- sam-hpw \n-bn Hc-h-[n-bp-v. B Ah-[n-sb-n--gnm Hcp
\nanjw app-Itbm ]np-Itbmbn. ABw: 12, 6 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
a\p-jy- A{I-an-Ifmbn ]nim-Nns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn amdp-tm-gmWv \in-n--s-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
SpI. bq\pkv: 61, lqZv: 100104, dAvZv: 4142, \lv: 33, 61, 89, Ckvdm-Av: 4 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI.
584
59.
Znhym-pXw Ab-p--Xn\nv asmpw \s XS-n-n-]qnI AXns\ Xn-dp F Imc-W-a-msX. YaqZv P\-Xv \mw
DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iamb HIs \Ip-I-bp-m-bn. Fmeh AXnt\mSv A{Iaw {]hn-p. P\-sf `b-s-Sp-p-Xn\v thn-bmsX \mw Zrm-- Ab-m-dpan-.
dAvZv: 31, C_vd-mlow: 11, \lv: 93, Ckvdm-Av: 12 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
60.
\nbw \ns \mY P\-sf hebw sNbvXn-cn-ppshv \mw

\ntmSv ]d-Xpw HmtXm-Wv. \mw \n\v ImWn-p-X
Zriysbpw, JpB\n ]d i]n--s B hr-sbpw P\smcp ]co--Wam-bn--msX \mw \nbnn-n. Ahsc \mw
`bsSp-p-I-bm-Ip-p. Fm AhcpsS [nmcw tap-ta
hn-pI-b-msX sNp-n-.
"hebwsNbvXh' Fp-]-d-m, a\p-jy-c-Sw BIm-ifnepw `q-an-bnepap k Ncm-N-c--fp-sSbpw `qXw, h-am\w, `mhn XpSn-bhsbmw hyamb Hcp {K-n tcJ-s-Sp-nb {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmWv Amlp Fm-Wv.
Ckvdm-Av: 30 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. Fm CXv -tIp-tm \ntj-[n-I
]d-bpI, R [nm-cn-I-fm-bn-on-cn-p--Xv Amlp Dt-in--Xp-sImp
Xs-bmWv, AXp-sImv \o Rsf D]-tZ-in-mt\m imkn-mt\m htc-Xn Fm-bn-cnpw. AXphgn Ah \ntj-[-nepw [nmc-nepw IqSp-X
Bgvp-t]m-hp-IbmWv sNpXv. bq\pkv: 100, C-_vdmlow: 1 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
Ah kXy-k-\pw hniz-kvX-\pambn AwKo-I-cn-n-cp {]hm-N-Is\, icoc-tm-Sp-IqSn BIm-im-tcm-lWw \S-n-nv Amlp Zrm ImWnpsImSpXv, Ahv bYm hkvXpXI shfn-s-Sp-n-sm-Sp-p--Xn\pw AXp-hgn
Ah t_m[- h mam- c mbn t\amKw {]m]n- pXn\pw thnbmbncpp.
CkvdmAv: 1 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mp-I. Fm Pohn-Xeyw a\-n-em-msX ùXnI
Pohn-X-ns h-\bneI-s Ah- {]hm-N-Is\ ]cn-l-knp-I-bpw BImimtcmlWsXs Xn-d-bp-I-bp-amWv sNbvXXv. \n \c-I-nse "kJqw'
hr-w `Wambn Xnt-n-h-cp-sav hy-ambn ap-dn-bnv \Iptm Fme-tbpw \ntj-[n-I ]cn-l-knpXmWv: XoIpWvUamb \c-I-n acw apfp- s atm? CsX- s mcp ApXw! XpSnb tNmZy DbnpsImv .
CkvdmAv: 5051 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
kq-n ]d i]n-s hrw sImp-t-in-p-Xv kzm^v^mv:
62epw ZpJm: 43-epw ]d kJqw hr-am-Wv. kzm^v^mv: 63-70 Amlp
CkvdmAv (17)
585
]d-bp-p: \nbw B hrs \mw A{I-an-Iv Hcp ]co-tWm-]m[nbmnbn-cn-p-p. \nbw AXv \c-I-ns ASn--n\nv ]pd-s-Sp Hcp hr-amIp-p. ]nim-Nns Xe-It]mse AXv Ipev \np--Xm-Wv. \nbw Ah
AXn\nv Xnp-Ibpw AXpsImv hbdp\n-d-p-Ibpw sNp-w. ]ns AhXn\pta NppXnfp shw Ip-Sn-n-p-Xpw ]ns Ahsc \c-I-n-tev
Xs aS-p--Xp-am-Wv. \bw Ah ]q]nXm-fm-bnvXsB-bncw Xe-apd-I-fm-bn-v hgn-]n-g--h-cm-bn-cp-p. ChcmIs Ah-cpsS ss]Xr-I D--cmbn
]np-S-cp--h-cp-am-bn-cp-p. ZpJm: 44-50 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. Xu_: 2324, lqZv: 7, dAvZv:
32, \lv: 34 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
61.
\mw ae-p-I-tfmSv, \n-sfmw BZ-an\v kpPqZv sNp-I Fp]d

k`hpw Hmt- Xm- W v. Atm Ah- s cmw kpPqZv
sNbvXpC_veoskmgnsI. Ah tNmZnp: \o Ifn-a-p-sImv
krn- Hcph\v Rm kpPqZvsNp-Itbm?
62.
Ah ]dp: \o Fsm t{ijvT-\m-nb Ch AXn\v

Al\mtWm Fv. hn[n-Zn-h-k-\mhsc F\nh-kcw \Ip-I-bmsW- n Rm \n\v ImWnp- X cmwRm Ahs km- \ fn\nv Ipd-p-t]scsbmgnv B ]Z-hn-bn\nv ]ngp-sXdnbpI
Xs sNpw.
AAvdm^v: 11-18, lqZv: 118119, lnPv: 30-40 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
63.
Amlp ]dp: \o Chn-sS-\npw t]mhp-I, Atm Ah-cn\nv

BcmtWm \ns ]n]-p--Xv, \ns-m-hpw \cIIpWvUw
Xs-bmWv XnI {]Xn-^-e-ambnpXv.
kzmZv: 81-83 , Atm \ns {]Xm-]-amWv kXyw, Ah-cn \ns {]Xn\n[n-If

- mbn Pohnp ASn-aI
- s
- f-sbm-gnsI apgp-h Bfp-Is
- fbpw Rm ey-t_m[w
\-s-Spn ZpamK-neIs-Sp-pIXs sNpsav ]nimNv ]d-tm
84-85 adp-]-Sn-bmbn Amlp ]dp: Atm Rm ]d--Xv am{X-amWv kXyw,
\ns-sm-pw, Ah-cn\nv \ns ]n]-n-b-h-sc-smv apgph\pw \mw \cIw
Ipn-\n-d-pIXs sNpw. Jp-B-\ns samw Bi-bw-sImv Pnp-Iq-p-Imcs\ hnizmknbmm Hcmpw kzK-n {]th-in-m km[y-am-hp-I-bn-
Fv kmcw. AAvdm^v: 179, bq\pkv 100 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
64.
\ns i-wsImv Ah-cn\nv Ign-bp--h-sc-sbms \o hyXnNen-npsImpI. \ns IpXn-c--S-sbbpw Imem]-S-sbbpw AhcpsS-t\sc \bn-p-Ibpw sNp-I. Ah-cpsS k-nepw km-\-fnepw Ah-tcm-sSmw ]ptN-cp-Ibpw, Ahv hmKvZm\ \IpIbpw sNp-I-Ah-tcm-Sp- ]nimNnshmKvZm\w h-\-b-msX
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
586
asmp-a-.
\ns i-wsImv Ah-cn\nv Ign-bp--h-sc-sbms \o hyXn-NennpsImp-I Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-; `b-s-Sp-p i-ap-m-n-sm-pw,
hio-Icn-p Ihn-X, ]mv, kwKoXw XpS-n-b i-sImpw a\p-jysc ]mn-em-pI Fm-Wv. \_n-bpsS ]Xv\n-amsc D]-tZ-in-p-sImv Alvkm_v: 32
Amlp ]d--bp-p: \_n-bpsS ]Xv\namcmb \n atsXmcp kv{XoI-tfbpw t]mseb-. \n kq-vaXbp-h-cm-sW-n, lrZ-b-n tcmK-ap--hsc BIjnnpw hn[w A\p\b-n kwkm-cn-m-Xn-cn-p-I. \n \ymb-ambAdn-bshn[-n kwkm-cn-p-I. Jp-B Bi-b-an-msX CuW-nepw cmK-nepw ]mcm-bWw sN, ]mcm-bW acym-Z-I ]men-p-sIm-p Jp-B ]mcmbW acw, hAfv, aueoZv, Km\-ta-f, CkvemanI IYm{]kwKw, Bi-b-an-msX
Aw ]Tn-n-p Jp-Bmkv XpS-n Jp-B Ah-X-cn-n-- Dtiyw \ndth-m km[nmhn[-n-ep FmkZ-p-Ifpw ]nim-Nn-t-Xm-Wv. Jp-B\
- ns
Bi-b-n\nv XS-bp GXv kZ-n kmyw-hln-mepw, \msf Jp-B\pw
sImp-hv apl-Zv \_n Ahs-Xnsc A\ymbw ]d-bp-sav ^pJm: 30-
]d-n-p-v. AAvd
- m^v: 175-176, \lv: 98-100 Ckvdm-Av: 36 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
"IpXn-c--S-sbbpw Imem]-S-sbbpw \bnv Ahsc ]mn-em-pI' Fp-]-d-Xns Dt-iyw; bp-w, B\miw, Irjn-\miw, maw, sIm, sIme, Ducphn-e
- v, H-s-Sp-, Xn-sm-p-t]m-I, A]-hm-Z{- ]-Nc
- W
-
- , òjWn, GjWn
XpS-n-b-h-sImv ]nimNv Am-lp-hns amK-n\nv a\p-jysc `b-s-Spn
XS- b p- s a- m- W v . tcmK- \Im\pw A]- I - S - h- c p- m\pw a{- a m- c - W sImv Ah ian-n-m\pw, Dn-jvS-Im-cy- \nd-th-n-sm-Sp-m\pw ]nimNn\v Amlp Ign-hp-\In-bn-pv. k-p-I-fn ]nimNv ]ptNcpsav ]dm ]nipv ImWn-m-\pw [q-Sn-m\pw t{]cn-n-psamWv. CkvdmAv: 27
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. km-\--fn ]p-tN-cp-sav ]d-m km-\-an-m-hv km-\- Dm-nsImSpp-Xn-\pw, Am-lphns amK-n\nv
XS-bp hn[-n km-\-sf "XmKq-p'-I-fmn amp-Xn\pw Ah\v Ignhv
sImSp-n-pv FmWv. km-n-I-t\n\pw \n[nIn-p--Xn\pw thn IpnIsf _en-\IpXn\pw s]km-\-lXy \S-p--Xn\pw {`qW-l-Xy- \S-p-Xn\p-samw Ah t{]cn-n-p-p. Alv: 5759 hni-Zo-IWw t\mp-I.
Npcp--n ]nim-Nns hoSmb \c-I-n-tev a\p-jy-sc ey-t_m[w
\jvS-s-Spn hio-I-cn-p-sIm-p-t]m-Im\p Fm-hn-[-I-gn-hp-Ifpw Ah\v \Inbn-pv. AXn-\p-thn Ah taml\hmKvZm\- \Ipw. Fm AsXmw
h- \ - b m- b n- c p- s v hnNm- c - W - p- t ijw ]nimNv Xs ]d- b p- - X m- s Wv
C_vdmlow: 22-s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-pI. Fm Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n[n-I-fmb hnizm-kn-I-fp-sS-ta Ah\v bmsXmcp kzm[o-\-hp-anXs. \lv: 99- hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. \njv]--hm-\mb Amlp kzK-n-tetm \c-I-ntetm Hcm-sfbpw \bn-p-n-. amCZ: 48 ]d "apssl-an-\mb'Im-p-kq-
CkvdmAv (17)
587
n-p-Jp-B-\ns Bibw D]-tbm-K-s-Spnsmv hnizmkn ]nim-Nn-s\b-, Fm-Im-cyhpw \nb-{-W-n sImp-h-cp--Xm-Wv. _Jd: 168-169,
AAvdm^v: 20, 27, 30, 178, dAvZv: 30, lnPv: 87 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
65.
\nbw Fs ASn-a-I-, AhcpsS-ta \n\v bmsXmcp kzm[o\hp-an-. ssIIm-cy-Im-hmbn \ns \mY Ghpw aXn-bm-b-h\pamIpp.
Cukq--n ]d "kpm'kzm-[o\wsImp-t-in-p-Xv JpB-\ns Bibw Xs-bm-Wv. AYhm Jp-B-\n-s- B-ibw _plm-\pwsX-fnhv,

Ppx]-cnNbpambn D]-tbm-Kn-p--h-cn ]nim-Nn\v bmsXm-cp- kzm-[o-\-hp-an-.
Ap-A-dm-Av: 212, \nbw ]nim-Np- Jp-B-\ns Bibw tIp--Xns\-smv AI--s--h-cmWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn
Pohn-p hnizm-kn-Iv, ISn-msImv IpXn-c-sb \nb-{n-p-hn[w
]nimNns\ \nb-{n-m km[n-p-sav \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. lnPv: 42, CkvdmAv:
66.
\n-fpsS DS-a-bm-b \mY, \n Ahs A\p-{K-l- tXSp-Xn-\p-thn kap-{Z-neqsS I-ep-I Nenn-p--h-\m-Ip-p. \nbw, Ah \n-tfmSv Gsd ImcpWy-ap-h Xs-bm-Wv.
cmPy- Xn-ep {Ib-hn-{I-b-, kwkvIm-c--fpsS hn\n-a-bw Fnh

km[n-p--Xn\pw kap-{Z-n\nv Xs-bp hn-`-h--fmb ayw, \h-c-Xv\ XpS-n-bh tXSn-n-Snp-X
- n\pw DX-Iphn[-n I-ep-mn kap{Zbm{X
\S-m a\p-jys\ ]Tn-n-h\mWv Amlp Fv Ahs\ ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p-Ibm-Wv. Alvkm_v: 41-43 Amlp ]d-bpp: hnizm-kn-Itf, \n Am-lphns\
[mcm-f-ambn kvacn-pI, {]`mX{]-tZm-j--fn Ahs\ {]tXyIw hmgvp-Ibpw
sNpI, Ah\pw Ahs ae-p-Ifpw \nsf A-Im-c--fn \nv {]Im-i-ntev \bn-p--Xn-\p-thn \nfpsStaA\p{Klw sNmcnbppv . A\p{Klw sNcn-bp-v Fv ]dXnshnh Ghpw henb A\p{Klamb
JpB\ns Bibw \Inbnpv FmWv. AXphgn Ah hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv
Gsd Imcp-Wy-ap--hXs-bm-Wv. bqkp^v: 23, \lv: 18 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
67.
kap-{Z-nshv \nsmcp hn]v _m[n-m Ahs\qSmsX

\n hnfnv {]mn-p-sIm-n-cnp--h-scsbmsbpw \n
shSnbp-p. Fm \nsf \mw Ic-bn-tev c-s-Sp-n-bmtem,
\n Fs Ah-K-Wnp-p. a\p-jy \nsI-h Xs-bm-bncn-p-p.
Bbn-c-n sXmm-bn-c-n- sXm-qn HXv hcp, hnizm-kn-I-f-m

a\p-jy-cpsS s]mXp-kz-`m-h-amWv Amlp ChnsS Nn{Xo-I-cn-p--Xv. ABw: 6364,
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
AAvdm^v: 51, Xu_: 6768, bq\pkv: 21-23, \lv: 78 t\mp-I.
588
68.
Atm \n Ic-bn-em-bn-cn-p-tm `qan-bn \nsf Bgvn-f-bp-I-tbm, As-n \n-fp-sS-ta Nc hjn-p- sImSpmv Ab-p-I-bpw ]ns AXn\nv \nsf c-s-Spp
bmsXmcp c-Is
- \bpw Is-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw s
- NpXpamb- Ahsb-p-dnv \n \n`-b-cm-tWm?
\lv: 45-47 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
69. As-n \nsf asmcp {]mh-iyw-IqSn Ic-bn\nv IS-en-tev

Xncn-p-sIm-p-h-cn-I-bpw, Fnv \n-fpsSta cq-amb sImSp-mv
Abv \n-fpsS \n-tI-Sn\v {]Xn-Im-c-ambn \nsf apn-f-bp-Ibpw, ]ns \nfpsS B Zpc-sp-dnv At\z-jn-v ImcWwIsm ]m Hc-h hcnIbpw sNpXns\-p-dnv \n \n`b-cmtWm?
GIm-[n-]\pw km-[n-]\pw tkzm-[n-]-\p-amb Fmw AS-n-`-cn-p Amlp-hn\np--Xm-Wv \bpw Xn-bp-amb FmImcy-fpsav hniz-kn-p-hcmWv hnizm-knI. Xu_: 51 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Ic-bn-tem IS-entem
Fhn-sSbpw GX-h--bnepw, Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw-sImv Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-bn kqn- p hnizm- k n- I v bmsXmcp B]pw kw`- h n- p- I - b n- .
B]pw hn]-p-samw kw`-hn-p-Xv Am-lp-hns\ ad Ah--bn ]nimNn\nv AYhm Ah-c-h-cn\n-p-X-sbmIp-p. A-n-km-Av: 78-79 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I. hnizm-kn-Ifm-h-tcmSv hnhn[- X-c-n-ep- hn]-p-I hcp-Xn-s\-p-dnv ap-dn-bnv \In, Xnw {]hn-p {km-hns\ ]cn-Nbs-Sp-p-I-bmWv Cu kq--fn-eqsS sNp--Xv. _Jd: 152, amCZ: 17, C_vdmlow:
1, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
70.
\n-bw \mw BZw k-Xn-Isf BZcnn-p-v. Ahsc \mw Ic-bnepw

IS-enepw hln-np-I-bpw, ]cn-ip--amb `-W-hn-`-h--sfmw
Ahv \Ip-I-bpw, \mw krn A[nIkrn-I-tf-mfpw khnti-j-amb t{ijvTX \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXn-p-v.
Ao: 46 kq-f
- n Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw a\p-jys\ \mw Ghpw
\ cq]-n-emWv krn-n-p--Xv. ]ns Ahs\ \mw Xmgv-h-cn Xmgv-h\mn amn. kXy-hn-izmkw kzoI-cn-p-I-bpw, kI- A\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw
sNbvX-h-sc-sbm-gn-sI. As\-bp--hv XS-b-s-Sm {]Xn-^-e-ap-v. CinJmJv: 20-25 Amlp ]d-bpp: Atm hniz-kn-m-Xn-cn-m Ahv Fp]n? Jp-B hmbns-Sp-tm Ah Fp-sImv kpPqZv sNpn? A;
Cu \ntj-[n-I kXys Xn--d-bp--h-cm-Ip-p. Amlp Ah-cpsS at\m-apIp-
CkvdmAv (17)
589
c- Ghpw Adn-bp--h XsbmIp-p. Atm Ahv thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb
in-sImv ktm-jh
- m Adn-bn-p-I- hniz-kn-p-Ibpw kI- sNpIbpw sNp--hsmgn-sI. Ahv XS-b-s-Sm {]Xn-^-e-apv. bq\pkv: 61
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. BZw apX- Ay-\mh-sc-bp apgp-h hnizm-kn-Ifpw
Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw Ahs kwL-ns]-hcpamWv amCZ: 56 t\mpI.
BZw apX- Ay-\mh-sc-bp {Kw- e-`n-nv ]n]-m--h-scmw \ntj-[n-Ifpw ]nim-Nns kwL-n s]-h-cp-am-Wv. Cv samw a\p-jyp {Kw
Jp-B\
- ns lrZ-b
- ns `mj-bn-ep Bibw am{X-am-Wv. ^mnl: 7, AAvdm^v:
27, bq\pkv: 17, lqZv: 17,A-lv: 114116 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
kzK-n krn- a\p-jysc `qan-bn-tev \ntbm-KnXv Am-lp-hns
{]Xn-\n-[n-Ifmbn Pohn-m- thnbmWv. _Jd: 30 t\mp-I. a\p-jy\pw Pnn\pw
Amlp kamKhpw ZpamKhpw sXsc-s-Sp-m-\p kzmX-{yhpw \In.
a\p-jy\p aqv Am-lp-hns {]Xn\n[n-I-fmbn `qan-bn \n-bn-n-cpXv PnpIsfbm-bn-cp-p. lnPv: 27 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Fm Ah Ahs {]mXn\n[yw hln-msX apgp-h\pw [nm-cn-I-fmbn amdn-b-tm C_veokns t\XrXzn ae-p-I Ahsc \in-n-p. Xs hK-ns]-hsc \in-nv ]pXnb
krn-Isf B m\v \ntbm-Kn-p--Xn-s t]cn-emWv BZ-ans apn kpPqZv
sNm I]n--tm ]nimNv Am-lp-hns I]\ \nc-knv kpPqZv sNm-Xncp--Xv. a\p-jys-m-hpw JpB\n-s Bibw kzK-nshv Xs
]Tnn Amlp Ahsc `qan-bn-tev Ab-p-tm ]dp: \n Fm-hcpw
Chn-sS-\nv ]pd-p-t]m-hp-I, Fs "lpZm'k-mw\nv hp-In-pw, AXv
D]-tbm-KsSpp--hcpsSta `b-s-Smt\m Ahv ZpxJn-mt\m CS-h-cn-I-bn.
Fm B JpBs\ kamK-ambn AwKo-I-cn-pI hnizm-kn-I am{X-am-Wv.
\lv: 64 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Jp-B-\ns Bibw krjvSn-I-fn shv a\pjymWv ]Tn-n--s-n-p-Xv F-Xn-\m Pnn\n-p Bm-hns IqpIm-cs\ hnizm-kn-bm-t _m[yX a\p-jym-Wp--Xv. Fm-Im-cy-fpw hniZo-I-cn Jp-B-\ns Bibw a\nemn Am-lp-hns amKhpw ]nim-Nns
amK-hpw, kzK-n-te-p GIhgn-bpw \c-I-n-te-p hnhn[ hgn-Ifpw Xncn-dn-v, Dc--mbpw DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iambpw Jp-B-\ns Bi-bs D]-tbm-Ks-Sp-p-h
- Pohn-Xe
- yw a\-n-emn ChnsS kzKw ]Wn-bp-Ibpw, B ]WnX
kzK-n-tev Xncn-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNp-w. {Kw Inn-bnv ]n]-m--h-scmw
Ah-cpsS ssII km-Zn-Xv \c-I-am-b-Xn-\m ]nim-Nn-t\m-sSmw \c-I-ntemWv Xncn-p-t]m-hpI. ABw: 112, lqZv: 88, lnPv: 912, hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
71.
Hcp-Zn-hkw Fm Hmtcm a\p-jy-scbpw \mw Ah-cpsS Cam-an-s\bpw

sImv hnfnpXmWv. Atm BmtWm Ah-cpsS {Kw heXp-I-n \I-s-Xv, Aq- Ah-cpsS {Kw hmbn-p-Xm-Wv.
Ah-tcmSv A]w-t]mepw A\oXn sN-s-Sp-Xpa-.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Fm a\p-jy-scbpw Ah-cpsS Cam-an-t\m-sSm-a
- mWv lmP-cm-s
- -SpI FmWv
kqw ]Tn-n-p--Xv. Ay-\mh-sc-bp hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Camw aplZv \_n
Xs-bmWv. An-km-Av: 65 t\mp-I. \_n-bpsS PohnXw Jp-B-\m-bn-cp-p. \_nbpsS PohnXw Jp-B-\ns B-i-bnemWp-sXv _Jd: 146, ABw: 20
kqfn ]d-n-p-v. AXp-sImv J_-dnshv \ns Camw Bscv tNmZnp-tm Jp-B FmWv adp-]Sn ]dtb--Xv. J_-dn apl-Zv \_n-sb icoc-tm-Sp-IqSn sIm-p-hv \n-fn-tev \ntbm-Kn--sncp Cu ]pcp-j BcmsWv tNmZn-p-sav \_n ]Tnnn-p-v. Ckvdm-Av: 13-14 kq--fn ]d-np Hmtcm a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw ]nc-Sn-bn shn-p, hn[n-Zn-hk
- \
- m-fn ]nc-Sn-bn\nv
]pd- s - S pv hmbn- m sImSp- p {]hrn- I tcJ- s - S p- nb{Kw
XsbmWv Camw.
590
Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]n]-p--h-cm-bn-cn-Ww \a-kvIm-c-nepw asm

hnj-b
- nepw Cam-ap-I. Ah-cmWv ^mnl: 6 ]d Am-lp-hns kwLw.
Am--h ^mnl: 7 ]d Am-lphns tIm]-n\v hnt[-b-am-b-h-tcm,
hgn-]n-g
- h
- tcm BWv. Ahsc ]n]-n-bm Ah-tcm-sSm-w- \c-I
- n-emWv t]mhpI.
^pJm: 74-, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is C-Zm-kam, Rsf \o \ns-lr-Z-b-n
kqn-p--hv Cam-apIfmt-Wta Fv {]mn-p--h-cmsWv ]dn-pv. \ns-lr-Z-b-n kqn-p--h BcmsWv a\-n-em-m _Jd: 2 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I. AXp-sImv BcmtWm Pohn-X-n JpB-\ns Bibw
IqSp-X hmbn-p-I-bpw ImWp-I-bpw tIp-I-bpw JpB-s\-p-dnv IqSp-X
kwkm-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv, Ahv X-fpsS {Kw he-XpIn Inp--Xpw
Ah-cXv ktm-j-tmsS hmbn-p--Xp-am-Wv. AAvdm^v: 179, Xu_: 23-24 hniZo-I-cWw t\mpI.
AlmJ: 19-24 Amlp ]d-bpp: Atm BmtWm Xs he-XpIn {Kw Inn-b-Xv Ah- ]d-bpw: lm, \n Fs {Ksamv hmbn-p-t\mp-I. \nbw, Rm Fs hnNmcW t\cn-Sp-sav Ddv hniz-kn-n-cpp. As\
Ah ku`m-Ky-nepw kwXr-]vXn-bn-ep-am-Wv, AXmbXv AXyp--X-amb kzK-qtm-n-. AXnse ]g- In Inpw-hn[w Xqn-n-S-p--Xp-am-Wv. AhtcmSv
]d-b-sSpw: sFln-I-tem-Iv \n CsXmpw Bkz-Znm\mfpI Ign-pIq-n-b-Xn-\m Ctm btYw CsXmw Xnp-Ibpw IpSn-p-Ibpw sNp-I Fv.
kqw 2537, BmtWm Xs {Kw CS-Xp-I-n Inn-b-Xv, Atm Ah
]dbpw: Hm, Fs Iw, F\n-ss {Kw Inm-Xn-cp-s-n F{X\m-bn-cpt-s\, Rm Fs hnNm-cW Fm-sWv Adn-bm-Xn-cp-sn, Hm \miw,
Fs IY-bv Ign-n-cp-s-n, Hm F\nv Fs kv D]-tbm-K-s-n-tm, Fs A[n-Imcw Fs \in-n-tm Fv. ae-p-I-tfmSv ]d-b-sSpw: Ahs\
]nSnq, N-e-I-fn _n-q, ]ns \c-I-n-tev hen-s-dn-bq, ]ns Fgp]Xv
apgw \of-ap N-e-I-fn Ahs\ _n-q. Ah-s\m-cn-epw alm-\mb Amlp-hn-s\-smv hniz-kn-p--h-\m-bn-cp-n-. AK-Xn-Iv `Ww sImSp-m
CkvdmAv (17)
591
ap--hsc t{]cn-n-p--h-\m-bn-cp-n-. Atm Ct-Zn\w Ah-\v AhnsS Hcp
B-an-{X-hp-an, Npp-s]m-p shhpw No-ehpamsX Ah\v `-W-hp-anIp-hm-fn-I-msX AXv `n-p-I-bnXs Fp-w ]-d-n-p-v.
Ahm-JnA: 27-37 kq--fn, he-Xp-I-n {Kw Inp--hv e`np A\p-{K-l--sf-p-dnv hnh-cn-Xv t\mp-I: hep-X-]--m-tcm, B he-Xp]- - mpXv FmWv; apn- m Cehrw- . hnim- e - a mb
hmgtXmpw A-an-m XW-ep-Ipw, shw, ]m, tX XpS-nb
]m\ob \nd tImIpw, XS-b-s-Sp-Itbm \ne-p-t]m-hp-Itbm sNm
[mcmfw ]g-hK-p-an-S-bn Ah kzK-n Ign-p-Iq-Sp--Xm-Wv. tacw
]c-h-Xm-\n-I-fn Ah hn{i-an-pw. \n-bw, Ahp-thn Ah-cpsS CW-Isf
I\y-I-Ifpw ka-{]m-b-m-cpambn \mw {]tXy-I-ambn krn-p--Xm-Wv. 41-56 kq-fn, CS-XpIn {Kw Inp--h-sc-p-dnv hnh-cn-p-Xv t\mp-I: FmWv
CS-Xp-]--mp-Xv; Ah Npp-s]m-p Bhn-bnepw Xnf sh-nepw,
Ipd ]pI-]-S-e--fm-ep \ng-epI-fn-ep-am-bn-cnpw. AXv XWp-ptXm, kpJ{]Ztam Bbn-cn-n. \n-bw, Ah Cl-n kpJ-tem-ep-]-amcpw alm-]m-]-fn [nm-c-]qw Dd-p-\np--h-cpam-bn-cp-p. Ah Rfpw R-fpsS ]qnI-cmb ]nXm--fp-samw acnv Fpw ap-am-bn-om hopw ]p\Po-hn-n-s-Sptam Fv tNmZn-p--h-cp-am-bn-cpp. \o ]d-bpI: \nbw, BZymhkm\aph ]p\Po-hn-n--sSpw, \n-bn Hcp-\m-fn \mw Ah-sc-sbmw Hcp-an-p-IqpIXs sNpw. JpBs\ Xn--dv hgn-]n-g-pt]mb-htc, \n kJqw
hr-n\nv XnpIXs sNpw, \n AXp-sImv hbdv \ndpw. AXn\p- ap-I-fn Npp-]-gp shw IpSn-p-Ibpw sNpw--Zm-lnv he HIw IpSnp--Xp-t]m-se. CXm-Ipp \mw Ahv hn[n-Zn-hkw \Ip hncp-v Fv
]dn-pv. \lv: 97, Ckvdm-Av: 60 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Jp-B Inn-bnv D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-mhvCS-Xp-]--mv e`n-p
ItTmcamb in \_Av: 21-30 hnh-cn-p-Xv C-s\-bmWv: "XmKq-n'\v ASna-sv Pohn--hv A`-b-tI-{-ambn \cIw Hfn-n-cn-p-p-v, Ah-c-Xn bpK-tfmfw Xma-kn-pw. Ah-c-Xn XWp-p ]m\o-b IpSn-p-I-bn--Npp-]gpXpw XWpv tImp--XpamXvAhcpsS {]h-\-n-\p X-Xmb
{]Xn-^-e-am-W-Xv. \nbw Ah Cl-tem-I-p-shv hnNm-cW {]Xo-n-n-cp-n.
\psS kq- ASn-Sn Xn--d-v If-hm-p--h-cp-am-bn-cp-p. Fm Hmtcm
Im-cyhpw \mw Hcp {K-n sImn-sh-p-p-v. AXp-sImv \n cpNnpI, Ct-Zn\w \mw \nv in-b-msX hn-n-p-I-bn-. Cin-JmJv:
79 , Atm BmtWm Xs {Kw he-Xp-I-n InnbXv, Ahv sNdnsbmcp hnNm-cW \S--s-Sp--Xpw, Ah Ah-cpsS IpSpw-_mw-K--fn-tev BmZ-]qw hnS-hm-p--Xp-am-Wv. 10-15 kq--fn, BmtWm Xs {Kw apXpIn-\v ]ndIneqsS CS-Xp-I-n Inn-b-Xv, Ah \mi-n-\p-thn tIgp--Xpw \cI-n thhn--s-Sp--Xp-am-Wv. \n-bw, Ah Cl-n Ahs IpSpw-_mw-K-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
-tfm-sSmw Bm-Zn-p--kn-p--h-\m-bn-cp-p. ]p\Po-hn-nv Hcp-an-p-Iq--s-SpI-bn-s-m-bn-cpp Ah [cn-n-cp--Xv. A; \nbw Ahs \mY Ahs\
hon-p-sIm-n-cn-p-I-bmbncp-p.
592
_eZv: 11-18 Amlp ]d-bpp: A, Ah ZpL-S-amb ]mX Xmn-bn.

"ZpL-S-amb ]mX' GsXv \n\--dn-bmtam? ]nc-Snsb kzX-{-am-p A-Sn-a-tamN\amWXv. As-n ma\mfp-I-fn ASpSp A\mY-Iv As-n
ap-]p-c AK-Xn-Iv `Ww \IemWXv. ]ns BcmtWm hniz-knpIbpw
a-sIm-pw Imcp-Wyw-sImpw D]-tZ-in-pIbpw sNp-Xv Aq--cm-Ipp heXv]--m. 19-20 kq-fn CS-Xp-]--m-sc-p-dnv ]d-bpp: \psS kq Inn-bnv aqSn-sh-p-h
- c
- p-t- m, Ah Xs-bmWv CS-Xp-]
-
- m. AhcpsStaemWv XosImv aqSsSpI. Xu_: 67-68, bq\pkv: 17 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
72.
BcmtWm Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-s-smv ChnsS AX \Sn--Xv,

Atm Ah ]c-n A\pw Ghpw IqSp-X hgn-tI-Sn-em-bh\pamIpp.
bq\pkv: 54, dAvZv: 18, 31, C{_mlnw: 1-4, \lv: 24-25, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
73.
Ahv km[n-p-am-bn-cp-s-n \mw \n\v \Ip Znhy-k-ti-fn \ns Ipg--n AI-s-Spn, \mw ]d--X-m-Xv \o
kzbw- sIn--av \p-sS-ta Btcm-]n-m {ian-p-am-bn-cp-p.
As\ sNbvXm Ah \ns X-fpsS kplr-mbn kzoI-cnp-Ibpw sNp-am-bn-cp-p.
74.
\mw \ns Dd-np\nn-bn-n-m-bn-cp-s-n \o A]-kz]w

Ah-cpsS ]-tv Nmp-t]mhp-Ibpw sNp-am-bn-cp-p.
75.
As\sbm\pw \o {]hnm, Cl-n Cc-n-in-bpw, acWtijw Cc-n-inbpw \mw \ns cpNnn-pIXs sNp-w. ]ns
\ap-s-Xn-cn klm-bnp Hcp klm-bn-sbbpw \o Is-p-Ibn.
Xu_: 80, bq\pkv: 1516, 99-100,106, lqZv: 118-120, C{_mlnw: 30 hni-Zo-I-cWw

t\mp-I.
76.
Ahv km[n-p-am-bn-cp-s-n Ah Cu `qan-bn \ns HXpn-If

- b
- p-Ibpw \ns AXn\nv ]pd-m-m {ian-p-Ibpw sNpam-bn-cp-p. As\-bmbm Ah-cp-w \ns ]nn A]Im-e-amsX AhnsS Xma-kn-m t]mIppan.
A^m: 30 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Cu kqw Ah-Xo-ambn Hcp
CkvdmAv (17)
593
hj-n-\p-tijw abnse \ntj-[n-I \_nsb kztZiw shSn-v aZo-\-bntev lnPvd t]mIm \n_-n-X-\mn. Fv hj-n\Iw amhnPbw kw`-hnp-Ibpw a apivcnp-I-fn\nv ip-am--s-SpIbpw sNbvXp. Ap-Jm: 19-22
{]Imcw aqkm \_n ^n-Hu {]`r-Xn-I-tfmSv ]dp: \n Am-lp-hn-s-ta
AXn-{Iaw ImWn--cp-Xv, \n-bw Rm \nv hy-amb {]amWw sImp-hn-cn-p-p. \n Fs Is-dn-bm-Xn-cn-m thn Rm Fsbpw \n-fpsSbpw DS-a-bn icWw tXSp-p. Atm \n Fn hniz-kn-p-n-sn th, Fs Fs hgnv {]hnm hnSp-I. Ah-km\w Xs \mYs\
hnfnv Atlw ]dp: \n-bw, Cq- {`mam-cmb P\X Xs-bm-Ipp.
23-, Amlp aqkm-tbmSv I]np: Fs ASn-a-I-sfbpw Iqn cm{XnXs ]pds-Sp-I, \nbw \n- ]nXpScs-Spw. kap{Zw ]nf Ah--bn Xs
hnSp-I, \nbw Ah apn-sIm-stS ]mfw Xs-bm-Ip-p.
77.
\n\papv \mw Ab-n-p kIe {]hm-N-Iam-cnepw \S-n-p

\psS Ncy-bmWnXv. \psS Ncy-I-fn bmsXmcp amhpw \o ImWpI-bpan-.
Am-lp-hns Ncy Jp-B Xs-bm-Wv. AYhm Jp-B {XnIm-e-m\n-bpsS {XnIm-e-m-\-am-Ip-p. Hcp P\X X-fpsS {]hm-N-Iam-tcmSv A{Iaw
{]hn-p-Itbm Xn--d-bp-Itbm sNp-I-bm-sW-n Ahv B tZiv
A[n-I-Imew XpS-cm Ign-bp-I-bn-. Hp-In Am-lp-hns in Ahsc \inn-p-I-f-bpw, As-n am-sc-nepw Ahsc Pbn--S-pw. AXp-a-s-n {]hm-NIamcpsS A\p-bm-bn-I Ahsc AXn-P-bn-p--Xp-amWv. ]qn-I- Ime-p
\ntj-[n-Is
- f-p-dnv Amlp ]d-bpp: Ah \psS in ImWptm, \nbw
R GI-\mb Am-lp-hn hniz-kn-p, apv R Ah\n ]p-tNhsc-sbmw R-fnXm \ntj-[n-p-p Fv Ah ]d-bpw. \psS in Itmgp hnizmkwkzoI-cn- Ahv D]-Im-c-s-n-. Fm-e-p-ap Ahs
ASn-a-I-fn Ign-p-t]m-bn-p Am-lp-hns Ncy CXv Xs-bmWv. Atm
AhnsS \ntj-[n-IfmWv Fmw\s--h-cm-bn amdn-b-Xv. apAvan: 84-85 t\mpI.
^Xvlv: 22, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw \ntj-[n-Ifpw hnizm-kn-ItfmSv bpw sNp-Ibm-sW-n ]nn-cnpt]mhpIXs sNpsapw, Ahv Hcp klm-bn-sbbpw
Is-p-I-bn Fpw -]-d--Xn-\p-tijw 23- CXn\p apv Ign-p-t]m-bnphcn Amlphns Ncy Xs-bm-Wn-Xv. Atm Am-lp-hns Ncy amna-dn-p--Xmbn \o Is-p-I-bn- Fv ]d-npv. A^m: 31, bq\pkv: 103,
bqkp^v: 110 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
78.
\o \a-kvImcw \ne-\np-Ikqcy sXp--Xp-ap-X cmhv Ccpv

aqSp--Xp-h-sc. {]`m-X-nse Jp-B\pw ]Xn-hm-p-I. \nbw, {]`mX-nse Jp-B kmyw-h-ln--s-Sp-Xv Xs-bm-Ip-p.
kqn ]d"Zpeq-Ip-wkv' sImp-t-in-p-Xv kqcy a[y-n
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
\nv sXpI Fpw "Kzk-Jnbv' sImp-t-in-p-Xv cm{Xn CcpaqSp-I
FpamWv. Cim-Av \a-kvIm-c-ns BZy-k-abw apX Ah-km-\ -k-a-b-amb
A-cm{Xnhsc-bm-Wv AXp-sImpt-in-pXvv. kqcy sXp--Xp-ap-X cmhv
Ccpv aqSp--Xp-h-sc Fp-]-d-Xv sImv Dt-in-p-Xv a[ym--n \nv
sXn-bXv apX-ep fplv, Akzv, aKvcn_v, Cim-Av Fo \mev t\cs \akvIm-cfmWv. "^Pv' Fm `mjmw {]`m-Xsam-Wv. {]`m-X-nse JpB ]mcm-bWw sIm-p-t-in-p-Xv kp_vln \a-kvIm-c-hpam-Wv. Fm \a-kvImc--fnepw ae-p-I kmyw-h-ln-p-pv. Fm kp_vln \a-kvIm-c-nepw
Akzv \a-kvIm-c-nepamWv ]I-ensebpw cm{Xnbnsebpw ae-p-I apgp-h\pw
Hcp-an-pIq-SpXv. As\ kp_vln \a-kvIm-c-n Hcp dI-Av kmyw-h-ln-Xn-\p-tijw Ah Am-lp-hns ASp--tev Fp-Ibpw, R sNp-tm
Ah Akzv \a-kvIm-c-nepw t]mcp-tm kp_vln \a-kvIm-c-n-ep-amWv Fv
Am-lp-hn-t\mSv ]d-bpXpamWv. CXmWv ^Pvdnse Jp-B kmyw-h-ln-psa--Xn-s hnh-. AXp-sIm-mWv \_n {]`mX \a-kvImcw ssZLy-ambn \nln-n-cp--Xv. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-ap hnizm-kn-I-fpsS \a-kvIm-c-n am{Xta
ae-p-I kmyw-h-ln-p-I-bp-q. A-nkmAv: 43 Iqn-hmbnp-I.
594
"Ckvdm-AvanAvdmPn'\v tijw Am-lp, apl-Zv \_nbpsS ASp-

Pn_vcoens\ Abv Apt\cs \a-kvIm-c-ns BZy-k-a-bhpw Ah-km\
ka-bhpw ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibp-m-bn. \_n ]d-bpp: Pn_vco cv XhW
Fsbpw-sImv IA-v_b
- n \a-kvIc
- n-p. BZy-Zn-hkw kqcy a[ym-
- n\nv
sXn- sNcn-ns hmdnsb{X \ng-ep kabv fplv \a-kvI-cn-p. tijw Hcp
hkvXp-hns \ng AXns Db-c-tmfw \ofp ka-bv Akzv \akvI-cn-p.
A\cw t\mp-Im-c t\mv apdn-p ka-bv aKvcn_v \a-kvI-cn-p. ]ns
AkvX-a-b-ns NpIv \ndw amXn-\p-tijw Cim-Av \a-kvI-cn-p. t\mp-Imc\v A-]m-\o-b- \njn--am-Ip- ka-b-mWv kp_vln \a-kvI-cn--Xv. cmas Znhkw Hcp hkvXphns \ng AXns A{Xbmb-tm fplv \a-kvI-cnp. Hcp hkvXphns \ng AXns Cc-n-bm-b-tm Akvdpw, t\mp-Im-c
t\mp-ap-dn-p ka-bv aKvcn_pw, cm{Xn-bpsS aqn-semv Ign--tm CimApw \a-kvI-cn-p. \-hw {]Im-i-am-b-tm-gmWv kp_vln \a-kvI-cn--Xv. ]noSv
Po_vco FtmSv ]dp: Hm apl--tZ, {]hm-N-Iam-cpsS \a-kvIm-c-k-a-b-amWnXv. Cu cv kabpan-S-bn-emWv \a-kvIm-cns -k-abw. BZy-Zn-hkw
Fm \a-kvIm-c--fp-sSbpw BZy-k-a-b-hpw, cmw Znhkw Ah-km-\-k-a-b-hp-amWv
ImWn-pXn-p-Xv. Fm \a-kvIm-c-fpw Cu cv ka-b-n-S-bn-emWv
\nln-t-Xv. AAvdm^v: 206, lqZv: 114, 115, Ckvdm-A:v 1, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
79.
cm{Xn-bn Jp-BsImv Xl-pZv \n-ln-p-Ibpw sNpIAXv

\n\v sFn-I-am-bn-p-Xm-Ip-p. \ns \mY \ns kvXpXylamb m\-tv \ntbm-Knt-mw.
CkvdmAv (17)
595
cm{Xnbn Xl-pZv \n-ln--W-sav ]d--Xns hnh-; cm{Xn-bpsS
Hcp-`mKw Dd-n-b-Xn-\p-tijw Fgp-tv \a-kvI-cn--W-sa-m-Wv. \_n da-fm-\ntem
Am--tmtgm cm{Xn \a-kvImcw ]Xn-s\mv dI-A--msX \a-kvI-cn-n-n-
Fv ]Xv\n Bbni ]d-bp-I-bp-m-bn. BZy-Im-ev \_n cm{Xn \a-kvImcw
\n-ln-n-cp-Xv cm{Xn-bpsS BZyL-nem-bn-cp-p. Fm Cu kqw AhXoam-b-tm cm{Xn \a-kvImcw, Ddn Fgp-t--tijw cm{Xn-bpsS a[y-L-
n-em-bn. \_n-bpsS Ah-km-\-Im-ev CXv cm{Xn-bpsS Ay-bm-a--fn kp_vlntbmSv ASp ka-b-m-bn-cpp \nln-n-cp--Xv. \_n-bpsS cm{Xn \a-kvImcw
Xs-bmWv hnXv \a-kvIm-ch
- pw. dI-Av H-bmp-X
- p-sIm-mWv AXn\v "hnXv'
Fp-]-d-bp--Xv. DdnFgpt--tijw \n-ln-p-tm AXns\ Xl-pZv
Fpw ]d-bp-p. AAvdm^v: 30, Xu_: 53-54 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
AXv \n\v sFn-I-ambnmWv Fp-]-d--Xn\nv \_nv am{X-amWv
Xl-pZv \akvImcw, ap hnizm-kn-Iv Bh-iy-an Fp-h-cp-n-. ImcWw
ap-n: 20- cm{Xn-bpsS aqn-cv `mK-n A]w Ipdtm As-n
cm{X-nbpsS ]IpXntbm As-n aqnsemv `mKtam \obpw \ntm-sSm--ap
hnizm-kn-I-fn Hcp-hn-`m-Khpw \a-kvI-cn-p-pv Fv \nbw \ns \mY Adnbp-pv Fv ]d-n-pv. _Jd: 143, Ben-Cw-dm: 16-17 hni-Zo-I-cWwt\mpI.
Jp-BsImv Xl-pZv \n-ln-p-I Fv ]d-Xv sImp hnh
Jp-B\ns Bibw samw Pohn-X-n \S-n-em-p--Xn\v thn {]mnp-Ibpw {]hn-p-Ibpw sNpI F-Xm-Wv. Xu_: 73 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
Jp-B\ns Bibw \ne-\np--Xn\v thn-bmWv \a-kvImcw \ne-\nm
I]n-np--sXv Xzml: 14 ImWmw. \a-kvIm-c-t-m Jp-B Xnem-hn-\mWv apK-W\ \tI--sXv AAvdm^v: 170s hni-Zo-I-cWn hmbnp-I. Ah-km-\-Im-ev Jp-B\ns hnbpw ]pnbpamsX asmpw _mnbm-hp-I-bn-, Jp-B\ns Bibw Db-sSpw Fv \_n ]Tn-nn--p-v. Av
hnizm-kn-I Jp-B\ns Bibw AW--p-]-tbm-Knv ISn-p-]n-Sn-n-cn--W-samWv l-p hnZm-CXs ]Tn-n-n-p--Xv. ImcWw Jp-B-\ns Bib-hp-ambn _-s-Sp-tm-gmWv \a-kvIm-c-n-ep--Xn-t\-m "Amlv' F kvacW-bp-m-hp-Xpw Am-lp-hn-t\mSv IqSpX-embn ASpm km[n-p-Xpw. am{Xa \a-kvImcw, t\mv XpS-nb Fm-I-fpw kzoI-cn--s-S-W-sa-n JpB-\ns Bibw \n_-a
- m-sW-v _Jd: 186, AAvdm^v: 30, 205 hni-Zo-Ic
- Wn
hmbn-p-I. {]]w AXns kp-e-\-n \ne-\nm\p Xpemkpw Aam-\p-amWv Jp-B-\ns Bibw Fn-cns, B eyw \n-ln-msX \a-kvImcmZn I- \n-ln-p-XpsImv ]pWy-an-sv am{X-a-, inn-s-Sp-IbmWv sNp-I. AAvdm^v: 176, bq\pkv: 100, \lv: 64 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
80.
\o {]mn-p-Ibpw sNp-I: Fs \mYm, \o Fs Ftmv {]th-
596
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
innmepw kXy-tm-Sp-IqSn {]th-in-n-t-W-ta. Fs \o FhnsS\nv ]pd-s-Sp-hn-p-I-bmsWnepw kXy-tm-Sp-IqSn ]pd-s-Sp-hn-pIbpw sNt-W-ta. \nn \npsmcp A[nIm-ci-nsb \o
F\nv XpW-bm-n-cnIbpw sNt-W-ta.
a-bn Jp-B-\ns Bibw {]N-cn-n-p-Xv XS-bp--Xn\v thn \ntj[n-I \_nsb sImm Xp\n--tm, aZo-\-bn-tev lnPvd t]mbn-s-nepw
Jp-B-\ns Bibw \S-n-em-m klm-bn--W-sa-v \_n-tbmSv {]mn-m
Bh-iysSp-IbmWv. Fhn-tSv {]th-inp-I-bm-sW-nepw FhnsS\nv ]pd-s-SpI-bm-sW-nepw Fm Ah--bnepw Am-lp-hn-t\mSv klmbw tXSn-sImv JpB-\ns hgn-bn \ne-sIm--W-sa-mWv I]n-p--Xv. kznZvJv kXywJpB-\ns Bi-b-amWv Fv kpa: 33 ]d-n-p-v. Ad-lvam: 33 Pnp-Ifp-tSbpw a\p-jy-cp-tSbpw Iq-tmSv, \nv BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS AXnh-c-pI ewLnv hcm km[n-p-sa-n hcnI, "kpzm' IqSmsX \nXn\v
km[y-a- Fv ]d-n-pv. "kpzm'A-[n-Im-cwFp]d--Xns hnh, _plm-\mbsXfn-hmb Jp-B- Xs-bm-W.v AAvdm^v: 40, C_vdmlow:
22, lnPv: 17-18 Ckvdm-Av: 7677 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
81.
\o ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp-I: kXyw hp-I-gnp, anYy XI-cp-Ibpw

sNbvXp. \n-bw, anYy XI-tc-Xv Xs-bm-Ip-p.
"lJv'kXywsImp-t-in-p-Xv Jp-B\ns Bibw Xs-bm-sWv

bq-\pkv: 108 hmbn-pI. kXyw h-tXm-Sq-IqSn anYy \in-p--Xm-Wv. lJmb
Jp-B ]q-ambn hncns B Jp-B D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p hnizmkn
Xs-bmWv AXn-P-bn-p-IB hnizmkn Hv Hcp-`m-Kpw temIw apgp-h adp`mKpamsW-nepw icn. AXn\v hnizm-kn-If
- psS kwL-ap-m-IW
- s
- a-n-. BenCwdm: 79 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. ^pn-ev: 53 \mw \psS kq- ZnK-fnepw Ah-cn Xsbpw ImWnp sImSp-p--Xm-Wv\n-bw Jp-B kXyw
Xs-bm-sWv Ahv shfn-s-Sp-Xphsc Fv ]dnp-v. AAvdm^v: 53
lv: 62-, epJvam: 30 kq--fn Amlp ]d-bpp: Amlp XsbmWv lJv, Ah-s\-q-SmsX Ah hnfnpsXmw anYy Xs-bmWv. \nbw
Amlp AXyp--X\pw henb-h\pw Xs-bm-Ip-p. An-bm-Av: 1617, BIm-i`q-an-I-sfbpw Ah-bvn-S-bn-ep hkvXp--sfbpw \mw Xam-i-bmbn krn-n-p-X. \mw Dt-in-n-cp-s-n Hcp Xami \n\nv Xs sXsc-s-Sp-p-ambn-cpp. \mw Fpw {]hn-p--h Xs-btm Fpw 18-, A; \mw
kXywsImv anYysb CSn-p-p, Atm anYy DS--v X-I-cp-I-bm-bn. \n
P]n-p--Xns t]cn- \nv \c-I-nse "hbv' F sNcnhmWpXv
Fpw -]-d-n-p-v. k_-Av: 49 Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm I]n-pp:
kXywJp-B hp Ignp, C\n anYy shfn-s-Sp-Itbm Bh-np-Itbm
CkvdmAv (17)
597
C. Atm Ah anYy-sIm-mtWm hniz-kn-p-XvAm-lp-hns Imcp-Wyamb JpB aqSn-sh-p-I-bp-amtWmFv AI_qv: 67-epw tNmZnpp.
A^m: 78, dAvZv: 41-42, lnPv: 87, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
82.
Cu Jp-B\
- n hnizm-kn-Iv tcmK-ia
- \
- hpw Imcp-Wyhpamb NneXv
\mw Ah-Xc
- n-n-ppv. Fm A{I-an-IXv \-a
- msX hnn-p-I-bp-an-.
samw Jp-B- hnizm-kn-Iv kmKhpw tcmKia-\-hp-am-sWv ^pkznev: 44- ]d-n-p-v. Fm ChnsS, \mw hnizm-kn-Iv tcmK-i-a-\hpw
Imcp-Wy-hp-am-bn-smv JpB-\n NneXv Ah-X-cn-n-pv Fp-]-d-bmsX AhX-cnnp-pv Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-; aZo-\-bn hnizm-kn-Isf A`n-kw-t_m[\w sNbvXp-sImv Ah-X-cn-nm t]mIp hn[n-hn-e-p-I-f-S-nb kq-fm-Wv. hnizmkn-I am{X-amWv AXv ]n]-pI. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Fm-a-dn-nv
aqSn-sh-p- a\p-jy-n-im-Np--fm-Wv. Ahv JpB amen-\yhpw \-hpa-msX
hn-n-p-I-bp-an-. Ckm: 31 Amlp ]d-bpp: Jp-B-\m-Ip Imcp-Wyn Ah-\p-t-in-p--hsc Ah {]th-in-n-p-p. Jp-B Inn-bnv D]-tbmKn-m A{I-an-Itfm, Ahv thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in-bmWv Hcp-n-sh-n-p-Xv.
AlvJm^v: 1112, \ntj-[n-I hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv ]d-bp--XmWv: Cu Jp-B-\n
\-bp-m-bn-cp-s-n R AXn-tev apI-S-p-am-bn-cp-p. Ah AXpsImv amK-Zi\w sN-s-hcmbn, Atm Ah ]d-bp-I-Xs sNpw:
CXv ]qn-I-cpsS ]gp-cmWamsX asm-p-a. CXn\p apv Imcp-Wyhpw Camap-amb aqkm-bpsS {Khpapv; CXm-Is Ad_n `mj-bn-ep-Xpw, appXns\
kXy-s-Sp-p-X
- pw, A{I-an-Isf XmoXv sNp-X
- pw, Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv
Ncn-p--hv ip`-hm \Ip--Xp-am-Wv. A^m: 24, Xu_: 95, 124-125,
bq\pkv: 57-58, \lv: 64, 89 t\mp-I.
83.
\mw a\p-jy-\v A\p-{K-lw sNmcn-m Ah\Xns\ Ah-K-Wnv Hcp`m-K-tv Xncn-p-I-f-bp-p. Ah\v h Xnbpw ]nSn-s]-Sp-I-bmsW-n Ah-\Xm \ncm-i-\m-hpIbpw sNp-p.
Ghpw henb A\p-{Klamb Jp-B-\ns Bibw a\p-jy\v sImSp-m

AXv D]-tbm-K-s-Spn Ah Cl-]cPohn-X-hn-Pbw t\Sp-n-. kPZ: 22-
Amlp ]d-bpp: Xs dns kq- lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn DWnbnv
]ns AXns\ Ah-K-Wnv t]mIp-h-t\-m henb A{Ian BcmWpXv?
Ccw {`mam-tcmSv \mw {]Xn-Imcw sNpI Xs sNpw. ^pkzn-ev: 51
Amlp ]d-bpp: \mw a\p-jy-\v A\p-{K-lw sNmcn-m, AXns\ Ah-K-Wnv
Hcp-`m-K-tv Xncn-p-I-f-bp-p. Ahs\sbmcp Xn _m[n-m Ah- \o
{]m-\-bn apgp-Ip-I-bm-bn. lv: 11- Amlp ]d-bpp: Am-lp-hns\ HcpNm-cp\npsImv C_m-Zv sNp--h P\--fn-epv. Ah-s\mcp \ _m[nm AXn-e-h Bizmkw ssIsIm--em-bn, ]co--W-ambn Ah-s\mcp \miw
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
]nSn-s]-m Am-lp-hn \nv apJw Xncnv ]nn-cn-bp-I-bm-bn. As\ Clhpw
]chpw Ah\v \-am-bn. AXp-Xs
- -bmWv hy-amb \-w. Fm hnizm-knIfpsS
kz`mhw CXn\nv hncp--am-Wv. kPZ: 15- Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw \psS
kq--fn hniz-kn--h, lrZbns `mj-bn AXp-sImv Ah DWs-m X-fpsS \mYs\ kvXpXn-p--tXm-sSmw hmgvn-smv kpPq-Zn
hogp--Xm-Wv. Ah Hcn-epw Al--cnv ]nn-cn-bp-I-bn-.
598
Ihn ]d--sX{X icn! ZpxJka-bv Fm-hcpw Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-pp, kpJ-ka

- b
- v Bcpw kvacn-p-n-. BcmtWm kpJ-ka
- b
- pw ZpxJk-ab
- pw
Hcp-t]mse Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-p-Xv, Ahv ZpxJta Dm-hp-Ib
- n-. Hcp JpZvknmb lZo-kn Cs\ hn-p-v. Amlv F kvac-W-tbm-Sp-IqSn `qan-bntem
BIm-itm bmsXm-cm-]pw kw`-hn-p-I-bn-. Ah Fmw tIp--h\pw
Fmw Adnbp- - h - \ p- a tm! Fm- b v t ]mgpw Am- l p- h ns kv a cW DmpXn\p D]-I-cWw Jp-B-\ns Bibw am{X-am-Wv. AXvsImmWv JpB-\ns Bi-bs Ppx]-cn-N, apssl-an--Impkqn-p-Xv Fsmw
hnti-jn-n-npXv. Xu_: 105, 112, 121, lqZv: 910, lnPv: 9, \lv: 96-97 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
84.
\o ]d-bpI: Fm Hmtcm-cp-cpw Ah-chcpsS coXn-bn {]hn-psIm-n-cn-p-p. Atm Ghpw \mbn kamK-n Ncn-p-h-\mscv Ghpw Adn-bp--h \n-fpsS \mY Xs-bm-Ipp.
amCZ: 48, AAvdm^v: 178, \lv: 125 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
85. dqln-s\-p-dnv \ntmSh tNmZn-p-p, ]d-bpI: dqlv Fs \mYs

I]-\b
- n s]-Xm-W.v Adn-hn\nv A]-a
- msX \nv \Inbn-p-an-.
\lv: 12 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Adn-hn\nv A]-a-msX \nv
\In-bn-n Fp-]-d--Xv, Av Jp-B sam-n Ah-Xo-am-hp-Itbm
t{ImUo-I-cn--s-Sp-Itbm sNbvXn-n- F-Xp-sIm-m-Wv. Adnhv Jp-B-\ns
Bibw Xs-bm-Wv. AXn Fm-Im-cy-fpw hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p-sv \lv: 89,
Ckvdm-Av: 41 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I. _Jd: 255, Ben-Cwdm:
7, lqZv: 56 Iqn-hmbnp-I.
86.
\mw Dt-in-n-cp-s-n \n\v Znhy-k-t-i-ambn \In-bXv FSpp-If

- b
- pIXs sNp-am-bn-cp-p. ]ns \n\nv \n\Xv Xncnp-\Ip Hcp ho-en-s\bpw \o Is-p-I-bn-.
AlmJ: 43-47, Cu Jp-B k-tem-I--fp-sSbpw DS-a-bn\nv Lw

L-ambn Ah-X-cn-n--s--Xm-Ip-p. \psSta Ah{]-hm-N-I h hmpIfpw sIn--av ]d-n-cp-p-shn \mw Ahs insbJp-Bs\ ]nSn-
CkvdmAv (17)
599
IqSp-Ibpw, {][m\ [a\n apdn-p-I-f-bp-Ibpw sNp-am-bn-cp-p. Atm \n-fn
HcmpwXs Ahs\ c-s-Sp-m km[n-p-Ib
- n- Fp-]d
-
n-p-v. _Jd:
87.
\n\v e`n-n-p--sXpw \ns dns Imcp-WymemsXb.

\nbw \ns-taep Ahs HuZmcyw hfsc hepXv Xs-bm-Wv.
Jkzkv: 85 Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm I]npp: BcmWv kamKw

sImp-h--sX-pw, BcmWv hy-amb hgn-tI-Sn-sepw \ns \mY \mbn
Adn-bp--h Xs-bm-Wv. 86-, \n\v Cu thZw Cp-In-p-sav \o Hcn-epw
{]Xo-n-n-cp-n-. \ns dns A\p-{K-l-am-bn--msX AXv e`n-nn. Atm
\o \ntj-[n-Isf klm-bn-p--h-\m-I-cpXv. Jp-B-\ns Imcy-n ZrV-t_m-[yan-m--h \ns HXp-n-I-f-bm-Xn-cn--s Fv ]d-p-sIm-m-Wv Adqw: 60
Ah-km-\n-p-Xv. An-km-Av: 113, lqZv: 118-119-, lnPv: 9499, Ckvdm-Av: 7375 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
88. \o ]d-bpI: Cu Jp-B t]mep Hv sImp-h-cm a\p-jycpw
PnpIfpw Hcp-an-v {ianmepw Ah-Xn\v km[n-p-I-bn-A-h
AXn-\p-thn ]c-kv]cw klm-bnmepw icn.
_Jd: 23-24, lqZv: 13-14, 17 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
89.
\n-bw, a\p-jyp-thn Cu Jp-B-\n \mw Fm Hmtcm D]-aIfpw hni-Zo-I-cn-n-pv. Fm P\--fn A[n-I-t]cpw \ntj-[nm\msX Hcp-sSpn-.
temIv Ghpw IqSp-X hmbn--s-Sp {Kw Jp-B-\m-sWv sImntLm-jn-p apkvenw-I; AXns icocw XnpI hgn hnn\nv AvsX-dnp-t]m-Ip thK-n Zo\n\nv sXdn-p-t]m-Ip-sav \_n ]Tn-n-Xv Ah-KWn-p-I-bm-Wv. Ccw Im^n-dp-Isfpdnv Ahm-JnA: 81-82 , Atm Cu
h-am-\-s-bmtWm \n emL-h-tmsS ImWp--Xv. AXns\ Xn-]-dbpI FXv \n \n-fpsS D]-Po-h-\-am-n-bn-cn-p-pthm? Fv tNmZn-p-pv. Xu_: 6768, bq\pkv: 99-100, \lv: 89, Ckvdm-Av: 41 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
90.
Ah ]d-bpIbpw sNpp: `qan-bn\nv \o Rsmcp Ddhv

]pd-s-Sphn-n-p--Xp-h-sc R Hcn-epw \nn hniz-kn-p-Ibn-.
{]hm-N-I `qan-bn-tev Nqn Znhym-p-X-ambn Hcp Ddh ]pd-s-Sp-hn--Ww,

Fm am{Xta R hniz-knq FmWv \ntj-[n-I ]d-n-cp--Xv. \ntj[n-I-fpsS {]m-\bpw Bh-iyhpw Hcn-epw Amlp ]qn-bmn sImSp-p-Ibn-. \ntj-[n-I-fpsS {]m\ hgn-tI-Sn-e-msXb Fv dAvZv: 14 hni-Zo-I-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
cWn hmbn-pI. Fm aZo-\b
- n hnizm-kn-Iv shw Inm Hchh-tm {]hm-N-Is hnc-en-eqsS shw {]h-ln-p-I-bpw, hnizm-kn-I AhcpsS Bh-iy- ]qo-I-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Bh-iy- Cu
temIpshpXs Amlp ]qo-I-cn-p--Xm-sWv Cu kw`hw ]Tn-npp. bq\pkv: 103, bqkp^v: 22, 53, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
600
91.
As-n \n\v Cu--\-bmepw apn-cn-bm-ep-ap Hcp tXm-apm-hp-I-bpw, Ahbv-n-S-bn-eqsS \ZnI [mc-ap-dn-bmsX s]mn-sbmgp-IpIbpw sN-s.
Ckm: 56 kq--fn, \n-b-ambpw ]pWym-m- Iq-cns

tNcp-h-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb tIm-I-fn\nv IpSn-p--Xm-Wv. Am-lp-hns ASn-aI
B kzK-nse Acp-hn-I-fn\nv IpSnpXpw, B Ah-cp-hn-I-fm-h-s, [mc-ap-dnbmsX Hgp-In-sIm-n-cnpXp-amWv Fp-]-d-n-p-v. kzK-n-ep \Zn-I-sftm-ep- \Zn-I Cl-nepw Znhym-p-X-ambn Hgp--W-sa-mWv \ntj-[n-I
Bh-iy-sSp--Xv. C_vdmlow: 11, dAvZv: 38, Ckvdm-Av: 59 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
92.
AXsn \o òj-Wn-s-Spp--Xp-t]mse BIm-i-s R-fpsS-ta IjvWw IjvWambn hogvp-Itbm As-n Am-lp-hns\bpw ae-p-I-sfbpw R-fpsS apn t\cnv sImp-h-cn-Itbm
sNp--Xp-hsc(R- hniz-kn-p-I-bn-).
Ay-Zn\w kw`-hn-p-tm "BImiw s]mnn-f-cp-sav' C^n-Xzm: 1epw,

"BImiw s]mn-]n-f-p-sav' Cin-JmJv: 1epw ap-dn-bn-v \In-bn-p--Xns\
]cn-l-kn-p-sImmWv amapivcnp-I, \o òj-Wn-s-Sppw-t]mse BIm-ins IjvW- R-fp-sS-ta hogvpI Fp-]-d-n-cp-Xv. \_n AXv
hogvp-sa-smpw Ah-tcmSv ]d-n-cp-n-. Cu \ntj-[n-I-fpsS Bhiy-sfp-dnv ^pJm: 21-22 Amlp ]d-bpp: \map-ambn Ip-ap--W-sav {]Xon-m--h ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpp: FmWv R-fp-sSta ae-p-I Cds-Sm--Xv, Asn R-fpsS \mYs\ t\cn ImWm-Xv? \nbw Ah
kztmSv Al--cn-p-I-bpw ]cn-[n-hn ZmjvSyn AI-s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXncn-p-p. ae-p-Isf ImWp--Zn\w Cu {`mamv ktm-j-I-c-am-bn-cn-p-Ibn, Av ae-pIsf ImWm-sm-cp ad Rn-S-bn-epmhs F-h
]dbpIbpw sNpw. ABw: 158, dAvZv: 31, \lv: 33, Ckvdm-Av: 81 t\mp-I.
93.
As-n \n\v \h-c-Xv\--fm-ep- Hcp hoSp-m-Ip-Xp-hsc,

AXpas-n \o BIm-i-n-tev Ib-dn-tm-Ip-Xv R ImWpXph-sc, Fnv Rv hmbnmhp Hcp {Kw \o Cd-nsIm- p- h cp- X p- h sc\ns BIm- i m- t cm- l - W - n R
Hcnepw hniz-kn-p-Ib
- n-. \_ntb Ah-tcmSv ]d-bpI: Fs \mY
Ghpw ]cn-ip-\m-Wv. Rms\mcp kt-ih
- m-lI
- \
- mb a\p-jy\-msX
CkvdmAv (17)
601
am-sc-n-ep-amtWm.
"Fs \mY Gw ]cn-ip--\mWv' Fp]-d--Xns hnh, \n Bhiy-s-Sp Fm-Im-cyfpw sNm Ign-hp--h-\mWv Ah FmWv. ABw:
7, C_vdmlow: 11, Ckvdm-Av: 1, 49-52, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
94.
a\p-jyv kamKwJp-B\ns Bi-bwhp-In-n-b-tm,

Amlp Hcp a\p-jys\ ZqX-\mbn -\ntbm-Kn-n-cn-pp F hmZamsX asmpw AXn hniz-kn-pXn\nv Ahsc XS-nn.
Hcp \mn-tev aqv {]hm-N-Iamsc Ab--tm B P\X Ah-tcmSv {]XnI-cn coXn bmko: 15- ]d-bpp: \n R-sf-tm-ep a\p-jy-c-msXb,
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I Hpw Xs Cd-n-bn-pan-, \n-bw, \n Ifhv ]d-bp--h
Xs-bm-Ip-p. Ccw \ntj-[n-Isf \c-I-n-tev hen-s-dn-bp-tm AXnse
]mdm-hp-Im Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-p cwKw apIvv: 810 kq--fn ap-dn-bnv
\Ip-Xv C-s\-bmWv: \nv ap-dn-bn-p-Im hn-p-m-bn-cp-nt Fv
tNmZn-p-tm Ah ]dbpw: AsX; \nbw ap-dn-bn-p-Im hn-cpp. Fm
R Ahsc Xn-d-p, Amlp HpwXs Cd-n-bn-n-. \n-bw \n hn hgn-tI-Sn-e-msXb Fv R Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah
]d-bp-Ibpw sNpw: R Jp-B-\ns Bibw tIn-cp-p-sh-n, As-n
_pn-bp-]-tbm-Knv Nnn-n-cp-p-sh-n Cu In-bm-fp \c-I-ns kl-hmkn-I-fm-Ip-am-bn-cp-n-tm! Fv. hnNm-c-W-p-tijw \ntj-[n-Isf \c-I-n-tev
sXfn--s-Sp cwKw kpa: 71- hnh-cn-p-Xv C-s\-bmWv: As\ Ah
\c-I
- ns ASp-s-p-Ibpw hmXn Xpd-s
- -Sp-Ibpw sNbvXm AXns ]mdmhp-Im Ah-tcmSv tNmZnpw: \nv \n-fpsS \mYs kq- hni-Zo-IcnpXcn-I-bpw, Cs\ Hcp \mfns\ Ip-ap--W-sav \n-tfmSv ap-dn-bnv \IpIbpw sNbvXn-cp \n-fn\npXs-bp Am-lp-hns ZqXam hn-pm-bn-cp-nt? Ah adp-]Sn ]dbpw: AsX hn-cpp, Im^n-dmb R-fp-sSta inmhN\w _m[-I-ambn Fv. ABw: 130, AAvdm^v: 35-38 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
kzmenlv\_nsbpdnv "YaqZvP\X' tNmZn--Xmbn Ja: 24- Amlp ]dbpp: \n \np Hcp a\p-jy-s\-bmtWm \mw ]n]-tXv? A-s\-bmbm \nbw \mw, hgn-tI-Sn-eIshcpw _pn-{`wiw ]n-b-hcpw Xs-bm-bn-cnpw. Fm-e-tbpw \ntj-[n-Isfpdnv XKm-_p: 6 Amlp ]d-bp-p:
AXv \n-bw, Ah-cn-tev AhcpsS ZqXam shfn-]mSpwsImv hn-p-m-bncp-p. Atm Ah tNmZn-p; Hcp a\p-jy-\mtWm \sf kam-n-em-m
hn--p-Xv? As\ Ah \ntj-[n-p-Ibpw ]nn-cn-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Atm
Amlp kzbw]cy-m]vXX sXc-s-Sp-p. Amlp sFiz-cy-hm\pw kzbw
kvXpXyl-\p-a-tm. ABw: 165, bq\pkv: 2, lqZv: 27, \lv: 4344 t\mp-I.
602
95.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
]d-bpI: `qan-bn im-cmbn Ncn-p ae-p-I-fmWpm-bncpsXn Xo- b mbpw \mw Ah- c p- s S- t a BIm- i - p- \ npw aens\s {]hm-N-I-\mbn Ab-p-am-bn-cp-p.
"im-cmbn Ncn-p ae-p-I' FXns hnh-, aep-I-sfmw hnizmkn-Ifpw Ipw sNm--h-cp-am-Wv FmWv. Xlvcow: 6 ae-p-Isfn Amlp
]d-bpp: Ah Am-lp-hns I]-\-I [n-cn-p-I-bn-, Ah-tcmSv I]n-s--sX-tm AXv {]hn-p--h-cp-amWv. a\p-jyv ae-p-I-fpsS Cu kz`mhw
e`nWsa-n Jp-B-\ns Bibnep PohnXw \bn-t--Xp-v. JpB\n Ah-Km-l-ap--h ]pWym-m--fmb ae-p-I-tfm-sSm--am-Wv Ncn-p--sXv
\_n ]Tn-nnp-v. JpB-\ns Bi-bw-sImv Bm-hn\v imn e`n-p-sav
dAvZv: 2728 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ImWp-I. kzX{cmb a\p-jypw Pnp-Ipw
Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw-sImv Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn Pohn-pIhgn, aep-I-tf-m Db m\w t\Sm-hp--Xm-Wv. bqkp^v: 53, Ckvdm-Av: 70 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
96.
]d-bpI: F\npw \npanS-bn kmn-bmbn AmlpXs

aXnbmb-h-\m-Wv. \nbw Ah Xs ASn-a-Isf hebw sNbvX{XnIm-e-m-\n-bpw kZmhon-psIm-n-cn-p--h-\pa-tm.
dAvZv: 43, \lv: 43-44, Ckvdm-Av: 17, 30 Iqn-hmbnp-I.
97.
Bsc-bmtWm Amlp kamK-n-em-n-bX

- v, Atm Ah am{XamWv kamK-n-em-bXv. BscbmtWm Amlp hgn-tI-Sn-emn-bXv, Atm Ah-s\-q-SmsX Ahv klm-bn-I-sfbpw kwc-Iscbpw \o Hcn-epw Is-p-I-bn-. hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn Acpw
Duacpw _[n-c-cp-ambn apJwIpnb \ne-bn Ahsc \mw Hcp-an-pIq-pw. Ah-cpsS kt-Xw \cI-IpWvU-am-Wv. Fm Hmtcm {]mh-iyhpw
AXnse Xo ASp-tmsgmw \mw Ahv AXns\ Bfn--np-XpamWv.
AAvdm^v: 176-178, dAvZv: 25-28, \lv: 37 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
98.
AXmWv Ahp {]Xn-^-e-w. \n-bw, Ah \psS kqsf aqSn-sh-p-h-cmb-XpsImpw, R- Fpw ]pp-am-bn-gnm ]pXnb krn-I-fmbn hopw ]p\Po-hn-n--s-Sp-tam Fv
tNmZn--n-cp-Xp-sImpw.
Jp-B hp-In-n-bnv D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-msX, ey-t_m[w \-sv PohnpI hgn Ah-cpsS ssII- km-ZnXv \c-I-ambXn-\m AhcXv Bkz-Zn-tn-hcpw. \njv]--hm-\mb Amlp Bscbpw \c-I-n-tetm kzK-n-tetm
Bp-n-. bmko: 78- Amlp ]d-bpp: \ntj-[n-I AhcpsS krn-ns\
CkvdmAv (17)
603
ad-p-sImv \ap-Xm D]-a-I Na-p-p. Ah tNmZn-pIbpw sNp-p: Fv
\pcp-n-gnm BcmWv Pohn-n-pIsbv. ^pJm: 33, Ah \ns
ASp-tv Hcp tNmZyhpw sImv hcp-n-AXns bYm Dchpw, C\n
Ay\mhsc-bp P\X AXp-t]m-ep Hcp tNmZyhpw tNmZn-tXnm
cq]-nep hni-Zo-I-cWhpw \mw \n\v \Inbn-msX, Fp ]d--Xn\p
tijw 34, X-fpsS apJwIpn \c-I-p-n Hcp-anv Iq-sSp-hc-- p-tm,
Aq--cmWv Ghpw Zpjn m\-p--hcpw bYm hgnbn \nv ]ng-pt]m-b-h-cpw Fv ]d-n-p-v. Npcp--n Jp-B-\ns Bibw e`n--Xn-\ptijw aqSn-sh-p--hcpw _pn-i-n-bp-]-tbm-Kn-msX A-ambn I]-S-hn-izmkn-Isf ]n]-phcp-amb sI P\-X-(^p^m 18)bmWv \c-I-nse hnd-Ip-Ifmbnocp-I. An-km-Av: 56, A^m: 22, lqZv: 17, C{_mlnw: 28-30, \lv: 125,
Ckvdm-Av: 49-52 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
99.
\n-bw, BIm-i-sfbpw `qan-sbbpw krn Amlp Ah-sc-tmsebp--h-scbpw krn-p-hm Ignhp-h-\m-sWv Ah a\-nem-n-bn-nt. Ahsmcp Ah[n Ah \n-bnp shn-p-apvAXns Imcy-n kwi-ban. Fm Cu A{I-an-I \ntj[n-I-fm-bnmsX ]nn-cnbp-n-.
Aqd: 29- Amlp ]d-bpp: Ahs Zrm---fn s]-XmWv, BImi--sfbpw `qan-sbbpw krn--Xpw Ah- cnepw Poh-Pm-e-sf ]c-n-bn-Xpw,
Ah Dt-in-p-tm Ahsb Hcp-an-p-Iq-m Ign-hp--h Xs-bpam-Wv.
AlvJm^v: 33- Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw BIm-i
- sfbpw `qan-sbbpw krn
AmlpAhbpsS krn-n Ah oWnX-\mbn-n-Ah acn--hsc Pohnn-m Ign-hp--h- Xs-bm-sW-v Ah a\-n-em-nbn-nt. AsX; \nbw
Ah Fm-n\pw Ign-hp-- ki- Xs-bm-Wv. Jnbma: 37-39 Amlp
]d-bpp: a\pjy sXdn-p-ho-gp Hcp C{n-b-pnbpsS Awiambn-cp-n-t!
]ns AXv c-]n-WvU-ambn, As\ \mw Ahs\ krnv cq]-s-Sp-n.
AXn\nv ]pcp-j, kv{Xo Fn-s\bp tPmUn-Isf Dmn Fp-]-dtijw kqw 40-, A-s\-bp--h acn--hsc Pohn-n-m Ign-hp--h-\stm! Fv tNmZn-p-pv. AAvdm^v: 37, bq\pkv: 17, C{_mlnw: 34, lnPv: 86
100. ]d-bpI: Fs \mYs A\p-{K-lJP-\m-hp-I \n-fmWv A[o-\s-Sp-n-bn-cp-s
- X-n, sNe-hgnp-Xocp-sa `b-m Xo-bmbpw
\n-fXv sIn-]q-n-sh-pI Xs sNp-am-bn-cp-p. hmkvX-h-n
a\p-jy kp-NnXa\-kvI-\mb ep_v[ Xs-bm-Ip-p.
An-km-Av: 38-39, 53, 128, lqZv: 31, \lv: 96 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
101. \nbw aqkmv \mw hy-amb HXv Zrm-- \In-bn-p-v.
604
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
\o Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I-tfmSv tNmZn-pt\m-p-I, Atlw Ah-cntev sN-tm ^nHu Atl-tmSv ]dp: Hm aqkm, \nbw, \o B`n-Nmcw _m[n-h- Xs-bmWv Fm-Wv \ns-p-dnv
Rm Icp-Xp-Xv.
\wev: 12- aqkm-tbmSv Amlp ]d-bpp: \nbw sXm-Sn-I-fmb ^n-Hu\n-tepw Ahs P\-X-bn-tepw \ns Rm HXv Zrm---fp-ambn Ab-pI-bm-Wv. 13-, As\ Ahv \psS DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iamb Zrm-- htm Ah ]dp: CXv hyamb amcWw Xs-bm-Ip-p. _Jd: 211, AAvdm^v:
130133, Ckvdm-Av: 47 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
102. aqkm ]dp: \nbw DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iamb Cu Zrm---sfmw
Ah-X-cn-n-n-p-Xv BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS \mY-\-msX am-cpa Fv
\n\v icnpw Adn-bm-atm. Hm ^n-Hu, \nbw \in-n-sSm t]mIp Hcm-fm-bnmWv \nspdnv Rm IcpXpXv.
aqkm \_n aptJ\ ^n-Hu\pw Iqpw Amlp ImWn-p-sIm-Sp Zrm- DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iambn-cp-p. Acw Zrm- sImp-h-cm Hcpa\pjy\pw km[y-a-s hkvXpX hfsc hy-hp-am-bn-cpp. Fm ^n-Hu- [nmc-]qw AXns\ If-hmn Xn--d-bp-I-bm-WpmbXv. As\ Ah \in-n-s-Sm Al-\mbn amdn. Jp-B\ns Bibw aqSn-sh-p-Ibpw Xn--d-bpIbpw sNp-I-hgn Pohn-X-eyw adv ChnsS bmsXmcp \nb-{-W-hp-an-msX
Pohn-phv In-bm-fp \c-Ia
- mWv Hcpnshn-cn-p-X
- v. N-eI
- f
- n _nX-cm-bn-smv CSp-nb \c-I-n-tev hen-s-dn-b-s-Sp-tm Ah \mi-n\p-thn tIgpw. Atm \n Hcp-\m-i-n-\-, ]e-\m-i-n-\mbn tIgpI
Fp]d-b-sSpsav ^pJm: 1114 ap-dn-bnv \In-bn-p-v. Jp-B-\ns
Bibw aqSn-sh-p-I-hgn hnNm-c-W-\m-fn CS-Xp-In {Kw Inp--hcpw \min-\p-thn tIgp--hcpw Ah \c-I-n thhn--s-Sp--hcpam-sWpw CinJmJv: 1012 epw ]d-n-p-v. apIv: 610 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
\lv: 89 ]d-Xpt]mse Fmw hnh-cn-n-p {XnIm-e-m-\-amb
Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw am{XamWv Cv a\p-jyv DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iamb Zrmw.
ABw: 104 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. \nbw Jp-B kXy-am-sWv P\-v
t_m[y-s-Sp-Xv hsc, Jp-B kq- \Ip {]-h-N-\- ZnK-fnepw a\p-jy-cpsS ico-c-n Xsbpw {]Xy--s-Sp-p-sav ^pn-ev: 53
]d-n-p-v. ^pJm: 53, ^mXzn: 12, Ad-lv-am: 19 Fo kq-fn, kap{Z-fn Ien-m IpSn-m-\p-XI
- p ip-Pe
- hpw IpSn-m]m Nhp
Dp-sh-hpw Dspw Ah-c-n\panS-bn ImWm Hcp ad-sImv thXn-cnnpv Fpw ]d-n-p-v. Atm ipPew Inm Ah hcp-tm JpB-\n ]cm-ain kap-{Z--fn-ep ip-Pew Isn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m
a\p-jy \n_-n-X-cm-hp--Xm-Wv. AXpt]mse `c-Wm[n-Im-cn-Iv \nbaw
CkvdmAv (17)
605
sImtm Bbp-[-_ew sImtm a\p-jysc Xo{h-hm-Z-n\npw sIme-]m-X-In\npw A{I-a--fn\npw ho-b-Xbn\npw kzm-X-bn\npw
]nXncn-n-m km[n-m Hc-h temIv kwPm-X-am-bn-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. ùXnI-Po-hn-X-n\nv Hfn-tm-Sn-sm-p [ym\w, elcnhkvXp--fpsS D]-tbmKw,
Bm-hn-m Bcm-[\m NS-p-I XpS-n-bh sImpw bYm-n a\pjysc \nb-{n-m km[y-am-ImsX hcn-I-bm-Wv. Cu kml-Ncyw aqn-p-tm
Ckvdm-Av: 1314 kq-f
- n ]dXp{]-Imcw, Hmtcm a\p-jy\pw ]nc-Sn-bn Ahs
I-tc-J-bm-Ip tkm^vv shb hln-p-p-s hkvXpX ]Tn-npsImSpv
kzbw \nb-{n-m a\p-jys\ {]m]vX-cm-m `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I \n_-n-X-cmhp--Xm-Wv.
"`K-h-XvKoX' ssl-hpw "]g-b-\n-baw' PqX-mpw "]pXn-b-\n-baw'
{IkvXym\n-Ipw "Jp-B' apkvenwIpw D-XmWv FmWv Cs hnIe-ambhnizmkw. CXv X
- n-cp-m ISa-s-h
- c
- mb apkvenw ]WvUn-X
- m AXn\phncp-ambn Ah-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-Isf CX-c-k-ap-Zm-b-t-m Xn-bn ap]-n-bnepw
\-bn ]nnepw BI---hn[w bmsXmcp \nb-{-W-hp-an-msX Pohn-m
t{]cn-np kao-]\
- a
- mWv ssIsIm-pXv. AXp-sIm-mWv Cukm-\_n hopw
hm An-km-Av: 91, Xu_: 123, Alvkm_v: 61 kq--fpsS I]\ \S-n-emm temIw \n_n-X-am-Ip-Xv. {]]w AXns kp-e-\-n- \ne-\nm\p-X-Ip {Xmkpw Aam-\-p-ambnD--c-hm-Zn-hp-ambnJp-B\ns Bibw D]tbm-K-s-Sp-m-Xn-cp-m B {Kw apkvenwI-fn \ns-Spv AXp-]-tbm-K-sSp-p CXc P\-XIsf Gn-p-sav An-km-Av: 133 s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n
hmbn-p-I. AAvdm^v: 157158, 175176, bq\pkv: 99100, lqZv: 24, \lv: 2425 hniZoI-cWw t\m-p-I.
103. As\ Ah aqkm- s bbpw Ckv d m- C u k- X n- I - s fbpw
`qapJp\nv XpS-p amm Dt-in-p. Fm \mw A-h-s\bpw
Ah-t\m-sSm--ap-- apgp-h Bfp-I-sfbpw kap-{Z-n apnsmp.
a-bn Cu kq- Ah-Xcnp Ime-L--n \_n-tbmSpw A\pbm-bn-I-tfmSpw Jpssd-in-I kzoI-cn-n-cp \bw, ^nHu\pw {]`r-Xn-Ifpw aqkmtbmSpw A\p-bm-bn-I-tfmSpw ssIsIm AtX\bw Xs-bm-bn-cp-p. Atm
^n-Hu {]`r-Xn-Iv kw`-hn ]cn-WnXn Nqn-m-Wn-p-sImv Ahsc XmoXv
\Ip-Ibpw, aplZv \_n-sbbpw A\p-bm-bn-I-sfbpw kam-iz-kn-n-p-I-bp-amWv
Cu kq-n-eqsS Amlp sNp--Xv. AAvdm^v: 127-136, bq\pkv: 90-92,
C{_mlnw: 46, Ckvdm-Av: 76-77 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
104. AXn-\p-tijw Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-I-tfmSv \mw ]dp: \n `qanbn Xma-kn-p-sIm-pI. As\ Ah-km\hm-KvZw hp-I-gnm \n-sf-sb-m-h-scbpw HcpIp-S-o-gn \mw Hcpan-p-Iq-p-Xpam-Ip-p.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Ckvdm-Av: 47 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Ah-km-\-hm-KvZw sImp-t-in-pXv hnhn[ cmjv{S--fn-embn Nn-`n--ambnPohnp PqX-msc Hcp-anpIqn
Ckvdm-Cu cmjv{Sw cq]o-I-cn-p-sa-m-Wv. 1948 AXv \nehn hcnI-bp-mbn.
"\n-sf-sb-m-h-scbpw HcpIp-S-o-gn Hcpan-p-Iq-p--Xpam-Ip-p' Fv ]d-Xns hnh; Ah-km-\-Im-ev temI-p apgp-h a\p-jycpw H-cm-jv{S-satmWw sFIy-s-Sp-sa-m-Wv. C{km-Cu ]S-\m-b-I\mb ako-lp--m-ens hcthm-Sp-IqSn lnPmkva-bpw aZo-\bpw Ds-Sp {]tZ-iw HgnsIbp apgp-h
`q{]tZ-i-fpw Ahs `c-W-nIo-gn hcp--XmWv. AXmWv ss__n-fn ]cmain "hnime C{km-Cu'. An-km-Av: 158159 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\m-p-I.
606
Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-Isf Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn `qan-bn Xma-kn-n

Amlp, Ahsc A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNbvXp-sImv samw a\pjy-tcmSv ]d-bp-IbmWv: -hm-KvZ--k-abw-]c-tem-IwFn--gn-m \n-sfbpw \n-fpsS i{Xp-sfbpw Fmw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p--Xm-Wv. Hmtcm-cp-cpw Ah-chcpsS ]Xn\v
hbn\p-ti-j-ap Cl-temI Pohn-X-s-p-dnv AhnsS Dcw ]d-tb-n-hcpw. BcmtWm kamK-amb thZ-{Kns Bibw D]-tbm-K-s-Spn ChnsS
kzKw ]Wn-X-Xv, Ahv kzK-hpw Am-hv \c-Ihpw e`n-p-XmWv.
ABw: 165, AAvdm^v: 129, 137, 169-170 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
105. \mw AXns\ ey-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv AhXcnn-n-p-X
- v. ey-tmSpIqSns AXv Ah-X-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. \ns \mw
ktm-jhm Adn-bn-p-h\pw XmoXv \Ip-h-\p-am-bn-msX Ab-n-n-.
kmnbpw sXfnhpw Xpem-kpw, kXyhpw A-kXyhpw hnth-Nn-dn-bm-\p
Dc-pw, Dm-gvNZmb-I-hp-amb Jp-B\ns Bibw Ah-X-cn-n-n-p-Xv a\pjy\v {km-hn-s-ta bmsXmcp \ymbhpw ]dbm CS-h-cm-Xn-cn-m-\m-Wv. AYhm
ey-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv Jp-B Ah-Xcnn-n-p--Xv. AXv hp-In-nbhv
Rv kamKw Inn-bnn Fp]-db
- m km[y-a
- . Jp-B Inn-bnv AXns
Bibw a\-n-emn ]n]-m--hs-Xnsc B Jp-B kmn-\np-Ibpw
hmZn-p-Ibpw sNp--XpamWv. bmko: 69, CXv lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn
DWp Jp-B\
- ns Bmhpw hy-amb Jp-B\
- p-a
- m-sX- asm-pa Fv
]d--Xn\v tijw 70 BmtWm Poh-\pXv Ahsc XmoXv sNm\pw
Im^ndnsta hN\w m]n-X-am-Ip--Xn\pwthn-bmWv CXv Ah-X-cn-n-npXv Fv ]d-n-p-v. AAvdm^v: 37, lnPv: 9, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. \msf
]c-tem-Is hnNm-cW lJvkXyamb Jp-B sImm-bn-cn-pw.
JpB ]n]-p--hv ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-p--h\pw Jp-Bs\
Ah-K-Wnv Pohn-p--hv XmoXv \Ip--h-\p-am-bn--msX apl-Zv \_nsb
Ab-n-n-. Hcmsfbpw kamK-n-tev \bn-m apl-Zv\_ntm amsneptam km[n-p-Ibn-s-w. kmK-am-I-s, Hmtcm-cp-cpw Ah-chcpsS \mY-
CkvdmAv (17)
607
t\mSv tNmZn-p-hm-t--Xm-Wv. bq\pkv: 108, lqZv: 120, C_vdmlow: 1, Ckvdm-Av: 30
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
106. Cu Jp-Bs\ \mw ]e`mK--fmbn Ah-Xcnn-ncnp-p\o P\v \nn \nn hmbnp-sIm-Sp-p--Xn-\p-thn. \mw Cu
Jp-Bs\ Lw-L-ambn Ah-X-cn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p.
ABw: 7, dAZv: 31, Ckvdm-Av: 93 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
107. ]d-bpI: \n Cu Jp-BsImv hniz-kn-p-Itbm As-n
hniz-kn-m-Xn-cn-p-Itbm sNbvXp-sIm-p-hn. \n-b-ambpw CXn\p-apv Adnhv e`n-n-ph, Ah-cp-sS-ta Cu Jp-B Xnem-hv
sNpsSp-X
- m-bm Ah hn\o-Xc
- mbn kmmw-K{- ]Wma-n hogp-Xm-Wv.
\n Cu {K-wsImvhniz-kn-p-Itbm As-n hniz-kn-m-Xn-cn-pItbm sN-pho, hniz-kn-m AXns KpWw- \n-v Xs, hniz-knmXncp-m AXns tZmjhpw \nv Xs. "\n' F A`n-kw-t_m-[-\n Cv apkvenwI-fmWv hcn-I-sbv {]tXyIw {in-p-I. ABw: 104 hni-ZoI-cWw t\m-p-I. apthZfpsS Bi-ba
- d
- n-bp-h
- s
- cp-dnmWv CXn-\p-apv Adnhv
Innbh F-Xp-sIm-p-t-in-p--Xv. hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn, ^pJm: 18 {]Imcw
alm-m-fpw 30 {]Imcw {]hm-N-I Xsbpw "Fs Cu P\XapkvenwICu
Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nv AIp-t]mb Hcp- sIP\X Xs-bm-bn-cpp'
Fv A\ymbw ]dbpXm-Wv. AXn\m apkvenwI C\n Cu Jp-B-\ns
Bibw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-I-bn-, adnv AXns\ If-hmp-I-sb-Xv Ah-cpsS
`-W-am-n-bn-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. hcpw-\m-fp-I-fn Jp-B\ns Bibw D]-tbm-K-sSp-pI ssl-hcpw ss{IkvX-hcpw AS-p AapkvenwI-fmbncn-pw. _Jd: 44,
amCZ: 82-86, C{_mlnw: 19-20, 2830, Alv: 43-44 t\mpI.
108. Ah ]dbp--h-cp-am-Ipp: R-fpsS \mY Ghpw ]cn-ip--\mIp-p. \nbw R-fpsS \mYs hmKvZm\w ]pe-cp-Xv Xs-bmIpp.
thZ-]c
- n-m-\a
- ph Jp-B\ns Bibw tIm\n-Sb
- m-bm CXv Amlp-hn\n-p kXyamsWv a\-n-emn Ah kmmwKw {]W-an-p--XmWv.
{]]w AXns kp-e-\-n \ne-\n--phm-\p {Xmmb Jp-B-\ns
Bibw D]-tbm-K-s-SpmXncp-m-ep `hn-jyv a\-n-emn, P\--fn-tev
AXns ktiw Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xn-\p {]h-\--fn a\-m--hm-Nm-IWm apgp-Ip--Xp-am-Wv. Alv: 107 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
109. Ah Ic-p-sImv hn\o-X-cmbn apJw-Ipn hogp-I-bpw, Ah-cpsS
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
608
`b-`n hn-pIbpw sNp-p.

Fm-e-p-aphnizm-kn-I Ccw kq- tIp-tm hn\o-Xcpw
`b-N-In-X-cp-ambn DS-a-bpsS apn kmjvSmwKw hogp-Ibpw, Ahs\ kvXpXn-pIbpw ]cn- i p- - s - S p- p- I bpw Ahs in- s b- s mv A`- b w- t X- S p- I bpw
sNpXmWv. AXp-hgn Ah-cpsS hnizm-khpw ka-Whpw hn-p--Xm-Wv.
Jp-B-\n Xnem-h-ns kpPq-Zv sNt ]Xn-\v e--fn Hm-Wn-Xv.
AAvdm^v: 205206, A^m: 24, \lv: 50 t\mpI.
110. ]d-bpI: \n "Amlv' Fphn-fnv {]mn-pI As-n
\n dlvam]c-aI
- m-cp-Wn-IFphn-fnv {]mn-p-I. \n
GXv -\maw hnfn-m-epw-Atm Ghpw \\ma- Ah-\p--XmIp- p. \ns \a- k v I mcw Gsd Dnem- I - c p- X v , AXp hfsc
]Xnkzc-n-ep-am-I-cp-Xv. AXp cn-\p-an-S-bn-ep Hcp a[y-amKw
kzoI-cn-p-I.
Amlphns\ \njv]--hm-\mbn AYhm ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mbn am apivcnpIfpw Fm-e-p-ap I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw AwKo-I-cn-p-n-. AXp-sIm-mWv
ChnsS "Amlv' Ftm "dlvam' Ftm hnfn-pI Fp-]-d--Xv. ^pJm:
60-, \n \njv]--hm-\mb ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is apn kmmwKw {]W-anpI Fv Ah-tcmSv ]d-b-s-m: GXmWv Cu ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I? \o I]n-p-hsm-sbpw R kpPqZv sNp-Itbm Fv tNmZnpIbpw Ah-cpsS
hntcm[w hn-pIbpamWv sNpI Fv ]d-n-p-v.
kpw km-\
- fpw kwL-_e
- h
- pw {]uVnbpw {]Xm-]h
- p-sa-m-amWv am
apivcnp-Ifpw Fm-e-p-ap I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw kXy-ns am\-Z-WvU-ambn
]cn-KW
- n-p-X
- v. AsXmw IqSp-X \In-bn-pXpw Ahv Xsbm-Wv. AXpsIm-mWv Ah Am-lp-hns\ \njv]--hm-\mbn AwKo-I-cn-m-Xn-cnp-Xpw.
\njv]--hm-\mb Amlp Bscbpw kzK-n-tetm \c-I-n-tetm Bpn, adnv Hmtcm-cp-pw \Inb A\p-{K-l- D]-tbm-K-s-Spn kzKw
ChnsS ]Wn-bm-\mWv a\p-jysc `qan-bn-tev \ntbm-Kn-n-p--Xv. AAvdm^v: 150,
Ghpw \ \ma- sImp-t-in-p-Xv Jp-B kan-p Am-lphns \ma--fmWv. Ghpw \Xvlp-kv\ Jp-B-\pam-Wv. An-km-Av: 87, 122
t\mp-I. liv: 24- Amlp ]d-bpp: Ah-\mWv Am-lp, Bmhns\ krjvSn-h, icocw krjvSn--h, Bm-hn-t\bpw ico-c-tbpw Iqn-tv cq]-s-Spn-b-h, Ghpw \\ma- Ah-\p--Xm-Ip-p. BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep-- Fm
Hpw Ahs\ hmgvn-sm-n-cn-p-I-bm-Ip-p. Ah tNmZyw-sN--s-Sm AP\pw bpn-\pw Xs-b-tm.
"\ns \a-kvImcw hfsc D-ntem, hfsc ]Xn kzc-ntem BIcpXv,
CkvdmAv (17)
609
cnsbp-an-S-bn-epsmcp a[yamKw kzoI-cn-pI' Fp-]-d-m \a-kvIm-c-nep Jp-B ]mcm-bWw hfsc D-n-em--cpXv, Fm hfsc ]Xp-s-bp-am-cpXv Fm-Wv. \a-kvIm-c-n dpIqAvIp-\n-b, kpPqZvkm-mwK-{]-Wm-aw,
CAvn-ZmIp-\n--Xn-\p tij-w kpPq-Zn-\p-ap-p \nw, cv kpPq-Znsbpw CS-bn-ep Ccpw XpS-nb k`fn \mhp-sImv "Amlv' FpshfnhmmsX lrZ-bw-sIm-mWv {]mn-t--sXv AAvdm^v: 205s hniZoc-Wn ImWp-I.
JpB ]mcm-bWw sNp-tm anX-amb i-n-em-bn-cn--W-sa-mWv
I]-\-sb-nepw Jp-B-\ns Bibw hni-Zo-I-cn-tXv knwl-K\wt]mse
Bbn-cn--Ww. ap-kn: 49-51 Amlp tNmZn-pp: Atm Ahs-p]n? Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nv Ah knwl-K\wtIv hnc-tm-SsSp
Imp-I-gp-X-I-sftmse Ah-K-Wn-p-t]mIp-p-htm. Nn-bn-m {`mamcpsS
lrZ-b--fn-tev Npp-]-gp In-sb-tmWw \mw Cu Jp-Bs\ ISn-hn-Sp-Ibm-sWv lnPv: 12 Amlp ]d-n-cn-p-p. ^mnl: 2, AAvdm^v: 48-51,
C{km-Av: 78 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
111. \o {]Jym-]n-p-Ibpw sNpI: Hcp km-\s
- bpw kzoI-cn-n-n-m,
Xs B[n-]Xy-n bmsXmcp ]p-Im-cp-an-m-, t]mcmbvab
- n\nv
cn-m Hcp kwcIt\bpw Bhiyanm Am-lp-hn-\mWv
kvXpXn. Ahs\ al--s-Sp-t-hn[w al--s-Spp-Ibpw
sNpI.
BIm-i-`q-an-I-sfbpw Ah-bvn-S-bn- a\p-jy-c-S--ap k-h-kvXp--sfbpw
krnpIbpw kwc-n-p-Ibpw sNp Amlphn\v km-\--tfm Ahs
B[n-]-Xy-n ap ]mfnItfm Hpansv {]Jym-]n-m-\mWv Amlp \_ntbmSpw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw I]n-p--Xv. Amlp ]q\pw Bcp-sSbpw B{ib-an-m--h-\pw, krn-IsfmwXs Ahs B{inXcp-am-Wv. Ah-s\-tmse Hcmfp-an-, Ah-s\-tmse Hcp h
- k
- vXp-hp-an. {XnIm-e
m-\n-bmb Ah Fmw ASn`-cn-p GIm-[n-]-\pw, km-[n-]-\pw, tkzm-[n-]\pw, Xnw {]hn-p-h-\p-am-Wv. ^mnl: 1, _Jd: 255, An-km-Av: 1, lqZv: 56, Ckvdm-Av: 1 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI.
kzK-ns hmXn-ep-I Xpd-p-In-m\pw hnNm-c-W-bn-msX AXn {]thin-n--s-Sm\pw DX-Ip hn[-n Jp-Bs\ kXy-s-Sp-m\pw Xnem-hv
sNm\pw Rsf \o A\p-{K-ln-t-W-ta. Amlp-th, Jp-B-\m-Ip lpZm
sImv Rsf \nn-tev \o amK-Zi\w sNt-Wta. Jp-B\
- m-Ip {]Imiw
Rv \o ]qn-bm-n--tc-W-ta. Jp-B-\ns Bibw Fm B]-n
\npw hn]-n\npw \c-I-n\npw XS-bp ]cn-Nbpw Imp-kq-n-p
apssl-an\pw Bbn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m Rsf \o XpW-t-Wta!
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
610
18. AIlv^v
"Hcp kwLw bphm- Kpl-bn(Ilv^v) A`bw {]m]n-t- m' F ]mw
kq`m-K-n\n-v FSp--XmWv Cu kqd-ns \maw. PqX--ss{IkvXh ]ptcmln-Xam-cpsS \nt-i-{]-Imcw apivcnvt\Xm Kplm-hm-kn-I-sf-p-dnpw
"Jnfvaqkm' kw`-h-s-p-dnpw "ZpJss\-\n'-sb-p-dnpw apl-Zv \_n-tbmSv
tNmZn--Xn\v adp-]-Sn-bmbn a-bn Ah-X-cnXmWv CXnse kq--. apl-Zv
\_n-tbmSpw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw Ah ssIsmncp kao-]\w \ntj-[n-I-fptSXpw [nm-cn-I-fp-tS-Xp-am-sWv DWn-smv Ahsc XmoXv \IpI-bmWv Cu kq--fn-eqsS sNp--Xv.
hnizm-kn-I, Kplm-hm-kn-If
- psS \n-bZ- mVyw kzoI-cn-p-sImv GXp {]Xnk-n-L--sbpw FXnn-s\bpw Ah-K-Wn-Wsapw, Am-lp-hn `c-ta]np-sImv \ne-sIm--Wsapw ]Tn-n-p-p.- A--s\-bm-bm Amlp Ahs
AP--amb Ign-hp-sImv Kpl-bn sImp-t]mbn Dd-n-n-Sn Ahsc cn-Xp-t]mse X-sfbpw cn-p-sav hnizm-kn-Iv ZrV-t_m[yw \Ipp. akolpm-ens \mi-n\nv c-s-Sm kqd: Ilv^v BZys ]v kqtam, Ah-km-\s ]v kqtam Xnem-hv sN-W-sav \_n ]Tn-nn-pv.
Kplm-hm-kn-I-fpsS \n-b-ZmVyw Dsm-p-I-hgn, C_vdm-lo-an\v XopWvTw
XWp-pXpw kam-[m-\-hp-ap--Xmbn amdn-b-Xp-t]mse ako-lp--m-ens \cIw
hnizm-kn-Iv XWp-p-Xpw kam-[m-\-ap--Xp-ambn amdp--Xm-Wv. Jp-B-\ns
Bi-bw-sIms Cl-tem-I-p-shv In\v Hcp aqSn-bp-m-bn-cp--h-cpw Bibw
tIm Ign-bm-Xncp-h-cp-amb Im^n-dp-I-fpsS ASp-t-mWv \cIw ASp-np-I-sbv 100-101 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. Amlphn `c-ta]n-p hnizmkn-Isf Imcy-Im-c-W-_--n\Xo-X-ambn cn-psapw klm-bnpsapw AXpsImv hnizm-kn-I Ah-\n am{X-amWv `c-ta]n-t--sXpw Kplm-hm-knIfpsS kw`hw ]Tn-n-p-p.
32-45 kq--fn, Hcp tXm-m-cs\bpw hnizm-kn-bmb Ahs Iqp-Im-cs\bpw DZm-l-cnp-sImv hnizm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-IfpsSbpw Cl-temIsbpw ]c-tem-Is
- bpw Ah Xpe\w sNp-p. X\nv e`n-n-p kpw
kar-n-I-fp-samw Amlp Fs Xr]vXn-s-p-sImv \In-b-XmWv F
\bn Al--cnv, Ah\v \n-{]-I-Sn-n-msX ùXnI Pohn-Xw-sImv Xr]vXns-v Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp--h-cns]p-t]m-bm
Cl-tem-Ihpw ]c-tem-Ihpw \-s-Sp-sav DWp-p. agshwsImv `qanbn kky-e-XmZn-I apf-p-Ibpw Imbvp-Ibpw Ah-km\w Np-N-h-dm-bn-o-cp-
A Ilv^v (18)
611
Ibpw sNp--Xp-t]m-se-bmWv Cl-temIPohnXw. AXn\nv ]mTapsImv
hnizm-knI ]c-tem-I-n-\mWv {]m[m\yw sImSp-pI Fv ]Tn-n-p-p. 50-,
]nimNv Pnn s]-- \ntj-[nbmsW-pw Ahs\ \n i{Xp-hmbn ImWWsapw a\p-jy-tcmSv D]-tZ-in-p-p. Fm A{I-an-I Am-lp-hn-\p-]-Icw
]nim-Nn-s\-bmWv an{X-ambn sXsc-s-Sp-p-I. 57-, Jp-B kq- lrZ-bns `mj-bn DWn-bnv AXns\ Ah-K-Wnv, Xs ssII Hcp-n-sh
XnI adv Pohn-p-h-\mWv Ghpwhenb A{I-an- Fpw, A-c-mv
Jp-B a\-n-em-Im-Xn-cn-m Ah-cpsS lrZ-b--fn Hcp aqSnbpw sNhn-Ifn
Hc-S-p-an-n-cn-p-p, AXp-sImv Ahsc kmK-n-tev hnfn-m Ah Hcnepw B hnfntIp-I-bn Fpw ]d-bp-p. 60-82 kq--fn "Jnfvaqkm'
kw`hw Nn{Xo-I-cn-p-p. ùXnIPohn-X-n, bmYm-y-fp-sS-ta Hcp ad-bnn-cn--bm-Wv. B ad \on--fm kXyw a\-n-em-IpsamWv "Jnfvaqkm'
kw`-h-n-eqsS Amlp a\p-jysc ]Tn-n-p--Xv. Dm-gvN-Zm-b-I-amb Jp-B
D]-tbm-K-s-Spn kw`-h-fpsS bmYmy- Cl-nshv Xs a\-nem-n bYm Pohn-X-amb ]c-temIn\p-thn a ssIsImv \ne-sImm hnizm-kn-Isf ]Tnn-p-p. CltemI PohnXw [rXn-bn A[n-jvTnXamsWn ]c-temI PohnXw kl-\io-epw am-ep-pap--Xm-Wv.
83-98 kq--fn "ZpJss\-\n'-sb-pdnv ]cm-ain-p-p. \nmc-amb
kzw m\am\--fn Al--cn-p--h-cmWv \n-sf-n, Ingpw ]Sn-mdp-samw Pbn--S-nb alm-\mb temI-t\-Xm-hpw IW- hn`h-fpsS A[n-]\pam-bn-cp "ZpJss\' kZm Xs \mYs apn Xe-Ip-\n-p-h
- \
- pw, Ah
\Inb A\p-{K-v \n-{]-I-Sn-n-p--h-\pam-bn-cpp Fv Hma-s-Sp-p-p.
Hcp P\-X-bpsS Bh-iy-{]-Imcw "bAvPqPvaAvPqPn's \pg-p-Ibn\npw
c-s-Sp-X
- n-\p-th-n Ccp-p-sIm-p Hcp aXnsIv \nn-p-sIm-Spsnepw
Atlw Ah-tcmSv Hcp {]Xn-^-ehpw tNmZn-p-n-, Fs \mYs ]\np A\p-{Klw Xs Ghpw D-a-amWv Fp-]-dv Xs \mYs A\p-{Kl-v \n{]I-Sn-n-p-I-bmWv At-lw. CXv Fs \mYs A\p-{K-lamsWpw, Ahs hmKvZw kXy-am-sW-pw, AXv hp-I-gn-m CXns\(aXnens\)
Ah \in-n-p-sapw ]dv Am-lp-hns AP--X-sb-p-dnv B P\-Xsb
]Tn-n-p-I-bmWv Atlw sNp--Xv. 90-, Ah-km-\-\m-fm-Ip-tm "bAvPqPpw
aAvPqPp'-samw \mSp-If
- n hopw tNt-dp-sa-pw, "kzq'F Iml-f
- n DuXs-Sp--tXm-Sp-IqSn B hn[n-Zn-hkw \S-nhcpsapw ]Tn-n-p-p. JpB
kq- aqSn-sh-p-I-bpw X-fpsS \mYs\ Ip-apn Cl-temI Pohn-X-sp-dnv Dcw ]d-tb-n-h-cpsaXns\ \ntj-[n--h-cpsS {]h-\--sfmw
]mgm-bn-tm-Ip-sa-pw, Jp-B-\ns Bi-bs Xpem-kmbn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m-hv hn[nZn-hkw Xpem-kn Xq-ap-m-hp-I-bn-spw ap-dn-bnv \Ipp.
Am-lp-hns kq--sfbpw, {]hm-N-Iam-scbpw ]cn-lm-kambn FSpXpImcWw A-c-mv \c-I-pWvUamWv {]Xn-^-e-ambn e`n-pI Fpw,
Fm hniz-kn-p-I-bpw, B hnizmkw Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-n-pIhgn ap-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
-hc
- n-tev Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNphv kzK-q-tm-p-I hncpmbn
e`n-p-sapw ]Tn-n-pp. Amlp-hns hN-\-amb Jp-B-\ns hymJym\w,
kap-{Z-nse shhpw A{X thsdbpw sImp-hv AXv ajn-bmbn D]-tbm-Knv
FgpXn-bmepw Xocp-I-bn-sv 109-mw kqw ]Tn-n-p-p. Rm \nsf-tmep Hcp a\p-jy-\m-Wv, Fm \n-fpsS Cemlv GI\msWv F\nv Znhy-ktiw e`n-n-p-v. AXp-sImv \n-fn BcmtWm Xs \mYs\ ktm-jtm-Sp-IqSn Ipap-m B{K-ln-p-Xv Ah- \mYs GI-Xz-n ]p-tNmXn-cn-p-Ib
- pw Jp-B\
- ns shfn-n kI- {]hn-p-Ibpw sNs
Fp]dbm \_ntbmSv I]n-p-sImv 110 kq--S-nb kqdv Ah-km\np-p.
612
]c-aI
- Imv
1.
Am-lp-hn-\mWv kvXpXn, Ah Xs Zmk-s-ta -{K--an-d-nbncnp-p, AXv a\n-em-m bmsXmcp Ahy-Xtbm _pn-ap-tm

Dm-n-bn-pan.
k-{k-m-hns hN-\-amb Jp-B-\ns Bibw Fgppw hmb-\-bp-a-dnbmhc-Sw GXpkrn-pw a\-n-em-Ip--Xm-Wv. kqd: Jadn, \n-b-ambpw
\mw Jp-Bs\ lrZ-bw-sImv a\-n-em-m hfsc Ffp--am-n-bn-cn-p-p,
Atm Bcpv AXn\v Xm-dp--h? Fv \mep{]mhiyw Bhnv tNmZnp-p-v. Aw, ]mcm-bW apd-I Fnh ]Tn-m\pw a\x-]m-T-amm\pw Ffp-amsWv ]d-nn-, ]Icw Bm-hmb Bibw a\-n-em-m-\mWv Ffp-amn-bn-p-Xv. AXv Bm-hns `-Whpw hkv{Xhp-am-Wv. AAvdm^v: 26, lqZv: 12
t\mp-I.
2.
t\sc-sNm-s-bp- {Kw, AXv Ah-\n\n-p ITn-\-amb hn]ns\-p-dnv ap-dn-bnv \Ip-X

- n-\pw, kXy-hn-izmkw ssIsmv
kI- A\p-nphv Ghpw\ {]Xn-^-e-apsv
ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-p--Xn-\p-amWv.
AAvdm^v: 2, 45, Alv: 2, CkvdmAv: 9 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
3.
Ah B {]Xn-^-e-n Fspw imiz-X-ambn \ne-\np--Xpam-Wv.
Cu kq-n\p ]pdsa "amIn-ko\'imizXamb F]Zw hn-p-Xv

kpKvdp^v: 77- am{X-amWv. \cI-hm-kn-I \c-I-ns ]mdm-hp-Im-c-\mb amenns\ hnfnv Hm amen-t, \ns \mY RfpsS IY-bv Ign-tms Fp-]d-bp-tm AhtcmSv aepI adp-]Sn ]d-bp--XmWv: \nbw \n-f-Xn imizX-ambn Ign-p-Iq-tS--h-cm-Wv. \n-bw R kXy-hp-wsImv \n-fpsS ASpp-h-n-cp-p. Fm \n-f-[n-I-t]cpw kXy-s shdp-p--h-cm-bn-cpp Fp-
A Ilv^v (18)
]-d-bp cwKamWv kpKvdp^v: 77-78 ap-dn-bnv \Ip-Xv.
4.
Amlp Hcp km-\s sXsc-s-Sp-n-cn-pp Fp-]-d-bp-hsc ap-dn-bnv \Ip--Xn\pthn-bpamIpp Jp-B Ah-X-cnn-n-p--Xv.
5.
Ah-cpsS ] Amcys-p-dnv bmsXmcp Adn-hp-an-, AhcpsS ]nXm-pan. Ah-cpsS hmb-I-fn-\nv ]pd-p-h-cp-Xv

hn A]-cm[w Xs. \nbw Ah IamsX -]-d-bpn.
613
Amlp Hcp km-\s sXsc-s-Sp-n-cn-pp Fp-]-d-bp PqX-ss{I-kvX-h-sc-p-dn-pw, am apivcnp-I-sf-p-dn-p-amWv {]Xn-]m-Zn-p-Xv.

Ahpw Ah-cpsS ]nXm-pw Am-cy-s-p-dnv bmsXmcp Adnhpan.
Fm Ah Ah-cpsS hmb-bn hcp-Xv ]dbpIbm-Wv. Ah Dul-s-bmsX ]n]-p-n-. Atm kXyw Am-lp-hn\n-p-, Ahs hN\-amb
Jp-B-\m-Wv. bmsXmcp ]p-Im-cp-w, CS-bm-famcpw ip]mi-m-cp-an-m, GI\mb Am-lp-hns\ ]cnNb-s-Sp-p--Xn\v thn-bm-Wv AXv Ah-X-cn-n-npXv. _Jd: 165170, ABw: 100, 116, Xu_: 30-31, Alv: 2, 36 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
6.
Atm Ah Cu h-am-\-n hniz-kn-m-Xns t]cn

ZpxJw]qv \o \ns kzbw \in-np-h-\m-tb-mw.
Ap-A-dm-Av: 34, Atm Ah hy-amb Cu kq--fn hniz-knmXncn-p--Xn ZpxJw-]qv \o \ns kzbw \in-n-tmw. \mw Dt-in-n-cppsh-n Ah-cp-sS-ta BIm-i-p-\nsmcp Zr-m-an-d-p-I-bpw, AXp-ap-tJ\
AhcpsS ]nc-Sn-I Jp-B\ns BibwsIms hn\o-X-cm-p-Ibpw sNp-am-bncp-p Fp-]-d-n-p-v. "lZokv' Jp-B-\m-sWv Cu kqhpw ]Tn-n-p-p.
Ankm-Av: 82, 87, bq\pkv: 99-100, Alv: 127 t\mp-I.
Fm Cv Jp-B\ns hml-Ic
- mb I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-If
- m-Wv P\-f
- nshv
AXn-t\mSv GhpwIqSp-X Ah-KW
- \
- bpw hntcm-[hpw shp]p-ep-Xv. ChcpsS
ASp- lZokv Jp-B Xs-b-, adnv \_nbpsS Ime-tijw G-I-tZiw 200
hj-n-\p-ti-jw t{ImUo-I-cn--s lZokv {K--fm-Wv. lZokpw kp-psamw Jp-B-\ns hni-Zo-IcWamIp Bi-bw XsbmsWv Cu hnn-I
a\-n-em-p-n-. Ccw A{I-an-Iv JpB FXn-cmbn hmZn-p-Xpw kmn\np--Xp-am-Wv. An-km-Av: 63, ABw: 26, Xu_: 95, 124125, CkvdmAv: 82
7.
\nbw \mw `qan-bpsS apI-fn-ep--sXmw AXn-s\mcp Ae-m-c-amn-sh-n-cnppAhcn Ghpw\mbn {]hn-p-Xv Bscv

\apv ]co-n-p- Xn-\p-th-n.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
`qanbpw AXn\v apI-fn-ep--Xp-samw krn-n-p-Xv a\p-jy-cpsS D]-tbm-Kn-\p-th-n-bmWv. BcmtWm Ahv e`n-n-p Fm A\p-{K-l-fpsSbpw
ZmXm-hn-s\ Xncn--dn-bp--sXpw Ah D]-tbm-K-s-Spn ]c-tem-I-n-\p-thn
kzKw ]Wn-bp-sXpw ]co-n-p--Xn\pthn-bmWv kzK-n krn
a\p-jysc `qan-bn-tev \ntbm-Kn-np-Xvv. JpB Inn-bnv {]kvXpX eyw
Xncn--dn-bm--hcpsS aSw \c-I-n-te-m-Wv. An-km-Av: 1, amCZ: 94, Xu_:
614
8.
\nbw \mw, Ah-km\w AXn\v apI-fn-ep--sXm-sbpw Xcn-imb

ka-X-e-{]Xeamn amp-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv.
B alm-kw-`hwtemIm-h-km\w kw`-hn-p-tm ]-X- IS-sSp Infntcma-t]msebmbn-o-cp-sav AJmcnA: 5 ]d-n-p-v.

"kzq' F Iml-f-n DuX-sSp \mfn ]-X- \in-n--s-v `qan
aco-NnIt]mse Bbn-o-cp--Xm-sWv \_-Av: 20 ]d-n-p-v. Xzmlm: 105107
Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. C_vdmlow: 48 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
9.
AX, \nbw Kpl-mhmkn-Ifpw enJnX ê-I-fpw \psS hensbmcp ApX Zrm fn s]-Xm-sWv \o IW-p-Iq-p-pthm?
"enJnX ê-I-' Fp-]-d-m Kplm-hm-kn-Isfp-dnv tcJ-s-Sp-nsh-n-cp t_mUm-Wv. Atm Kplm-hm-kn-Ifpw Ahscpdnv Fgp-Xn-sh
t_mUp-samw \psS henb Ap-X--fns]-Xm-sWv \o [cn-t-Xn,
Imcy-Im-c-W-_--n\v AXo-X-ambn kw`-hn Ccw Zrm hy-amn
hnh-cn-p-X-cp Jp-B-\m-Ip-p Ghpwhenb ApXw. \nbw Jp-B Fmw
he-bw-sNbvX Hcp {XnIm-e-m-\n-bpsS hN-\--fm-Ip-p. \lv: 89, Ckvdm-Av:
10.
GXm\pw bphm- Kpl-bn A`bw {]m]n k`w kvac-Wo-bamWv. Atm Ah {]mnp: R-fp-sS \mYm, \nn\n-p
ImcpWyw Rv \IpIbpw Rfntm FmWv R-fpsS
Imcy- n sNt- - s Xv kmKw tXmn- n- p- X - c n- I bpw
sNbvXmepw.
11.
Atm \mw, Kpl-bn Ah-sc hj--tfmfw Ah-cpsS ImXp-Ifnta Dd-n-n-S-n.
Ah-cpsS ImXp-I-fnta Ddnn-Sn Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-, Ahsc

i-tIm-eml-esfmpw tImsX Dd-nn-Sn Fm-Wv. Ah- InS-n-cpXv aetm Iangvtm Bbn-cp-n-, adnv Ccp]miz-fnem-bn sNhn-I-fn-t
sNcnpsImmbn-cp-p. 18-mw kq-n, \mw Ahsc CSXpw he-Xp-ambn adnn-p-sImncpp Fp-]-d-n-p-v.
A Ilv^v (18)
615
12. ]ns \mw Ahsc Fgp-tn-pAh Ccp-hn-`m-K--fn BcmWv
X-fpsS Kplm-hm-k-mew IrXy-ambn Xn-sSpp--sXv \apv
Adn-bpXn-\p-th-n.
13.
Ah-cpsS bYm kw`hw \mw \n\v ey-tm-Sp-IqSn hni-Zo-Icn-p-X-cmw. \nbw Ah X-fpsS \mY-\n hniz-kn HcpkwLw
bphm-f
- m-bn-cp-p. \mw Ahv kmKw hn-n-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp.
14.
\mw Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-sf \n-b-ZmVy-ap--Xmn amn. Ah

Fgp-t-p-\nv {]Jym-]n k`w kvac-Wo-b-am-Wv. R-fpsS DSa
BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS DS-a-bm-Ip-p, R Ah-s\-q-SmsX asmcp
Cem-lns\ hnfnv {]mn-p-I-bnXs. As\-sb-m\pw
R sNbvXm R- anYym-hmZn-Ifpw \pW-]d
- b
- p-h
- cpw, hn
A]cm[w ]d-bp--hcpam-bn-cn-pw.
"\mw Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-sf \n-b-ZmVy-ap--Xmn amn' Fp-]-d-Xns hnh-, Jp-B-\m-Ip Ib-dp-sImv Ah-cpsS lrZ-b- tImn-Wn
Htc Nnm-K-Xn-m-cmn amn Hmn FmWv. Am-lp-th, RfpsS lrZ-bsf \o Jp-B-\m-Ip Ib-dp-sImv tImn-Wn Hm-t-W-ta, R-fpsS
]mZ-sf kXy-n Dd-n-p-\nt-W-ta Fv hnizm-kn-I Ftmgpw {]mnp--XmWv. Ben-Cw-dm: 101-103, A^m: 6364 t\mp-I.
15.
Cq-, \psS Cu P\w Ah-s\-q-SmsX ap Cem-lp-Isf sXscs-Sp-n-cn-p-p. Fp-sImv Ah-c-Xn\v hy-amb sXfnhv
sImp-h-cp-n? Atm Am-lp-hn-s-ta Iw-sI-n--av ]dbp-h-t\-m Ghpwhenb A{Ian BcmWpXv?
{]hm-N-Iam-cp-sSbpw hnizm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw i{Xp- Fm-epw kzP-\-Xbns] I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Xs-bm-Wv, AmsX ap P\-X-bns]--h-c- AAvdm^v: 176 t\mpI. BIm-i-`q-an-Isfbpw Ah-n-S-bn a\p-jy-c-S--ap Fm
Poh-Pm-e--sfbpw krn-Xv Amlphm-sWv ZrV-t_m-[y-ap B bphm-
Amcyw Dn {]Jym-]n-pI-bm-Wv. Atm Amlp Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-sf
kXy-n Dd-n-p-\np-I-bpw, Ahsc A{I-an-I-fmb P\-Xbn\nv c-s-Spp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Amlp am{X-amWv Cemlv F-Xn\v am{Xta BIm-i-`q-an-I-fnse-hn-sSbpw sXfn-hp-q. Am-lp-hns\qSmsX ap Cem-lp-Isf sXsc-s-Sp-h ]nim-Nns amK-amb Bbn-c-n sXmm-bn-cn sXmq-sm--Xns
amKw kzoI-cn-n-cn--bm-Wv, tIhew Dul-ns ASn-m-\-n am{X-am-W-Xv.
Jp-B kq--sfmw Xs Am-lp-hns\ ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p--Xn-\pthn
Ah-X-cn-n-p--XmWv. An-km-Av: 174-175, bq\pkv: 17, Alv: 2, 73 CkvdmAv:
616
16.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
\n- Ahscbpw, Amlphns\-q-SmsX Ah C_m-Zv sNp-hs
- bbpw Hgn-hm-n-bn-pXn-\m \n B Kpl-bn A`bwtXSnsm-pI. \nfpsS \mY Ahs Imcp-Wy-n\nv \nv
\Ip--Xpw, \n-fpsS Imcysfmw Gw Ffp-hpw kpK-a-hpamn--cpXpam-Wv F-p-]-dk`w kvac-Wo-b-am-Wv.
Ah kkzw Am-lp-hn `c-ta]n-p-sImv Ah-cpsS P\-X-sbbpw,

Pohn-X-N-cy-sbbpw shSntm Amlp Ahv Hcp Kpl-bn A`bw \IpIbpw Ah-cpsS Imcy--sfmw Gs-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. CXp-t]mse \_nbpw
Iqp-Im-c A_q-_
- dpw i{Xp-f
- n\nv c-tXSn aZo-\b
- n-tev Hfn-tmSntmbtm Ahsc Hcp Kpl-bn aqp-Zn-hkw Xma-kn-n-p. i{Xp--fpsS Ime-Sn-I
Kpl-bpsS Zzmc-n-eqsS Ip `b-s A_q-_-dns\ \_n kam-[m-\n-n-p
cwKw Xu_: 39-40 kq--fn hni-Zo-I-cn-Xv hmbnp-I.
17.
DZ-b-k-a-bv kqcy B Kpl-bpsS he-tmv sXn-bp-b-cp--Xmbpw, AkvXa-b-k-a-bv Kplsb Hgn-hmn CStmv amdn-m-gp-Xmbpw \n\v ImWmw. Ahtcm, B Kpl-bpsS hnim-ea
- mb m\v
hkn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXv Am-lp-hns Zrm---fn s]-XmWv. Bsc-bmtWm Amlp kamK-n-em-n-bXv, Atm Ah
kmK-n-em-bn. Bsc-bmtWm Amlp hgn-sX-n--Xv, Atm
Ah\v Hcp c-I-s\bpw kamKw ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-p--h-s\bpw
\o Is-pI-bpan-.
kqcy{]Im-i-mep ITn-\-amb NqSv Gm-Xn-cn-p coXn-bn-em-bn-cpp

B Kpl \ne-sIm-n-cp-X
- v. NqSv AI-tv {]Xn-ê
- n-m-h
- w DZ-bk
- a
- b
- pw
AkvX-a-b-k-a-bpw kqcy sXn-am-dn-tm-Ip hn[-n-em-bn-cpp B KplbpsS InSv. Fm ico-c-ns Bh-iy-n-\p-th- {]Im-ihpw hmbphpw
Ahv e`n-pIbpw sNbvXncp-p. Ah Kplbn hnim-e-amb m\mWv
hkn-n-cp-Xv Fp]-dXn\npw a\-n-em-mhpXv, Poh \ne-\nm\mh-iy-amb hmbp-hn-stbm shfn--n-stbm Imcyn bmsXmcp IpSppw
Dm-bncp-n Fm-Wv. AXv Am-lp-hns Zrm---fns]-XmWv Fp-]-dm {XnIm-e-m-\n-bmb Amlp BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn kw`-hn-p--sXmw
t\cs Xs Hcp hy-amb ]n-I-bn tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p--XmWv Fm-Wv.
kmKhpw ZpamKhpw Fm Hmtcm \^vkn\pw \In-bn-p-v. BcmtWm Amlp-hns\ Ip-sImv kmK-n Dd-np-\np-Xn\v Ah-t\mSv AnpXv, Ahv kmKw e`n-p--Xm-Wv. AAvdm^v: 178, Xu_: 51, lqZv: 56, dAvZv:
25-28, Alv: 37, 64 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
18.
Ah DWp-In-S-p-I-bm-sWv \o Icp-Xpw, Ah-cm-Is Dd-n-nS-p-I-bmIpp. \mw Ahsc he-tmpw CS-tmpw adn-n-p-sImncp-p. Ah-cpsS \mb ssIpw \onshv Kplm-ap-Jv InS-p-m-bn-
A Ilv^v (18)
617
cp-p. \osb-m\pw Ahsc Fnt\m-nbm `b-svXncn-tmSpIXs sNpw. Ah-scsmv \o Dn-s-bp-n `b-sSpI Xs
sNpw.
Kplm-hm-kn-I Iv angnmbn-cpp InS-n-cp--Xv F-Xn-\m t\mp-h-v DWn-cn-p-I-bm-sWv tXmpw. Fm Ah KmV-\n-{Z-bnembn-cp-p.
Ah-cpsS ico-c-w `qan-bn ebn-pt]m-Im-Xn-cn-m Amlp Ahsc he-tmpw
CS-tmpw adn-n-psImn-cp-p. Ah-cpsS \mb Kplm-ap-Jv ]mdm-hp-Im-c-s\tmWw Ip-an-gnv InS-p-m-bn-cp-p. Npcp--n ]pdp\n-p- Bsc-nepw
B cwKw ImWp-I-bm-sW-n Ah Ac-v Dn-s-bp-n `b-s-Sp- Hcp
òI-cm--co--am-bn-cpp AhnsS \ne-\n-n-cp-Xv.
19.
A{]-Imcw \mw Ahsc Fgp-t]n-p--A-h ]c-kv]cw tNmZn--dnbp--Xn-\p-thn. Ah-cn \np Hcm tNmZnp: \n F{XImew Cu Ah--bn Ignp? ap--h ]dp: \mw Hcp Znhktam As-n Hcp Znh-k-nse A]w `mKtam Ign-p-Iq-n-bpm-Ipw. Cu Ah--bn \n F{X -I-gn-p-Iq-n-sbv Ghpw
IqSp-X Adn-bp--h \n-fpsS \mY-\mWv. Atm \n-fn
Hcmsf Cu shn-\m-W-b-hpw-sImv ]-Wntev Ab-p-I.
Ah Fhn-sS-bmWv Ghpw ]cn-ip--amb `Ww Inp-I-sbv
t\ms, Fnv Ah \nv AXn\npw `-Ww sImph-cnIbpw sN-s. Ah Pm{KX ]menp-Ibpw, \n--sf-p-dnv
Bpw Adnhv e`nm-Xn-cn-m {inp-Ibpw thWw.
Kplm-hm-kn-I Fgp-t--bp-sSs\ ]c-kv]cw tNmZn-p-I-bmWv: \n F{Xhjw Cu Ah--bn Ign-p-Iqn, AYhm acn-p-In-Sp Fv. Atm Ahv
tXmn-bXv Hcp Znh-ktam As-n GXm\pw aWnqdpItfm Ign-p-Iqnsbv
am-{Xam-Wv. Fm hnizm-kn-I-fmb Ah ]c-kv]cw Xn-m {ian-msX
Ah-cpsS DS-a-bmb Am-lp-hn-\mWv Ghpw IpSq-X Adn-bpI Fp-]-dv kamiz-kn-p-I-bpam-Wv sNp--Xv. AhcpsS In tijn-p-m-bn-cp shn-\m-Wbw-sImv Ah-cn\n-p Hcmsf ]cn-ip-amb `Ww tXSnsmv ]-Wntev Ab-p-I-bm-Wv. B Ah--bnepw Ah ]cn-ip--amb `Ww
am{XamWv At\z-jn-p-sXv {in-pI. \ntj-[n-I-fmb P\Xv Ah-sc-pdnv hnhcw e`n-m-Xn-cn-m th Pm{KX ]men-m `Ww tXSn-tm-b-hs\
{]tXyIw D]-tZ-in-p-Ibpw sNp-p. An-km-Av: 29, Alv: 114 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI.
20.
\nbw \n-sf-pdnv Ah-v hnhcw e`n-m, \nsf Ah

Is-dn-bp-Itbm As-n Ah-cpsS Pohn-XN
- c
- y-bn-tev _ew {]tbmKnv Xncn-p-sIm-p-t]mhpItbm sNpw. A-s\-sb-m-\p-am-bm
\n Hcn-epw hnPbw hcnp-I-bn- Xs.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
kXy-amK-n Dd-p-\nm-\p hy{KX Ah-cpsS kwkm-c-n {]I-Sambn ImWmw. Ah Kpl-bn A`bwtXSpXn\p-apv B P\X apgp-h\pw Ahsc
Am-lp-hn\nv XS-bm {ian-n-cp-Xv Ah Hmn-p-p. AXp-sImv B
P\X Ahsc ImWm-\n-S-h-m Is-dnv sImpI-tbm, Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-N-cybn-tev Xncn-p-sIm-p-t]m-hp-Itbm sNpsa `b-tm-sS-bmWv Ah \ne-sImp--Xv. A-s\-sb-m-\p-am-bm \n Hcn-epw hnPbw hcnp-I-bn- Xs
Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-, Ah-cpsS PohnXN-cy-bn-tev Xncn-p-t]m-bm ]ns
\n Hcn-epw hnPbw hcn-p-I-bn Fm-Wv. AAvdm^v: 88-89, bq\pkv: 71,
lqZv: 91-92 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
618
21.
A{]- I mcw \mw Ah- s c- p- d n- p Adnhv ]- W - h m- k n- I v

\In\nbw Am-lp-hns hmKvZw kXy-am-sW-pw, B Aya-Wn-q-dns Imcy-n kwi-b-an-spw Ah Adnbp--Xn-\pthn. Fm Ah ]c-kv]cw Ch-cpsS Imcyn Xn-p-sImn- c p- Xv kv a c- W o- b - a mWv . Atm Ah- ]dp: \n
ChcpsSta Hcp `nn ]WnbpIAh-sc-p-dnv Ah-cpsS \mY\mWv
Ghpw Adn-bp--h. Fm Ah-cn\n-v kzm[o-\-ap- Imcys-h
- ]dp: \mw Ah-cp-sS-ta Hcp ]n-Xs \nn-p-XmWv.
P\-v Kplm-hm-kn-Isfp-dnv Adnhv \In-b-Xv, Am-lp-hn-\p-th-n

am{Xw Pohn-p-h
- c
- m-bm Imcy-Im-cW
- _
-
-
- n-\X
- o-Xa
- mbn Amlp Ahsc klmbn-pI Xs sNp-sa hmKvZw kXy-s-Spn ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xn\pw,
]p\P--nepw hn[n-Zn-hkw \S-nhcp-Xnepw Hcp kwi-b-hp-an Fv sXfnbn-p--Xn-\pw thnbm-Wv. Am-es P\-v ]c-tem-I-n hnizm-k-apm-bn-cp-n-. ]c-tem-I-n ]p\Po-hn-n-p-Xv Bmhpw Poh\pw IqSnb
dqlns\ am{X-amWv, AmsX ico-cs ]p\xkr-n-p-I-bn Fm-bn-cpp
]p\P-s-p-dn-p AhcpsS [mc-W. Atm Bm-hn-t\m-sSmw icocsbpw ]p\xkrn-p-sav Kplm-hm-kn-If
- psS Imcyw hni-Zo-Ic
- n-p-sImv Amlp
Adn-bn-p-I-bm-Wv. ABw: 60-61 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
Kplm-hm-kn-I-sf-p-dnv Ghpw Adn-bp--h AhcpsS \mY-\mWv. Atm
\n Hcp aXn ]WnXv Ahsc thXn-cn-pI As-n Ah-cpsS Kplm-apJw
aXnsIn AS-p-I Fv B P\-f
- n\nv anX-hm-Zn-If
- mb hnizm-kn-I ]dp.
Fm Ah-cn\n-v Imcyn AXn-P-bn--h`q-cn-]-w ]dXv: \
Ah-cpsS t]cn Hcp ]n-Xs \nn-p-samWv. Ah I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpw
inv sNp--h-cp-am-bn-cp-p. Fm-epw `qcn-]w hcp I]-S-hn-izm-knIfpsSbpw inv sNp--h-cpsSbpw BNm-cm-\p-jvTm\--fmWv Ckveman-t-Xmbn
Ah-X-cn-n-p-Xv. As\ ap P\- Ckvemans\ sXn--cn-p-p Xu_:
6768 hniZoIcWw t\mp-I.
\_n ]Tn-np: Amlp blq-Zn-I-sfbpw \km-dm--sfbpw i]nncn-pp.
A Ilv^v (18)
619
Ah Ah-cpsS \_n-am-cp-sSbpw k\--fp-sSbpw t]cn ]n-I-fp-m-n-bXmWv ImcWw. Atm \n AXp-t]mse {]hn-p-Xns\smv kqn-Ww. hopw \_n ]Tn-np: J_ kin-np kv{XoI-sfbpw J_-dn-\p-apI-fn ]n-\nn-p-h
- s
- c-bpw, hnfv shp-h
- s
- cbpw Amlp i]n-n-cn-pp.
Adn-n-cn-p-I, \nbw \nv app P\- AhcpsS \_n-am-cpsS J_dp-Isf ]n-I-fm-n-bn-cpp. Atm Rm AXn-s\-smv \nsf hntcm-[npp. \nbw Aq, Ah-cn\n-p kZvhr-\mb Hcm acn-m Atl-ns J_-dn-\p-ap-I-fn ]n-\nn-p-Ibpw, AXn cq]- sImn-shpIbpw sNpambn-cp-p. Ay-\m-fn Ah P\--fnshv Ghpw Xn-tbdnb
krn-I-fm-bn-cn-pw. Xu_: 17-19, 107-110 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
22.
AhP-\-]d-bpI Xs sNpw: AhKp-lm-hm-kn-I aqpt]-cm-bn-cpp, \mem-a-tXv Ah-cpsS \mb-bpw. Ah Apt]cmbn-cp-p, Bdm-a-tXv AhcpsS \mb-bpw Fv ap Nnecpw ]d-bpw.
AsXmw AZr-iy-Im-cy--sf-p-dn-p Dulw ]d-b am{X-am-Wv.
Ah Ggpt]-cm-bn-cp-p F-pw, Fm-a-tXv Ah-cpsS \mbbpw
Fp]-d-bphcpw Ah-cn-ep-v. \o ]d-bpI: Fs \mY-\mWv AhcpsS Fsp-dnv Gw Adn-bp--h, Ahcn Npcpw t]msX Ah-cpsS Fs-pdnv Adn-hn-. AXp-sImv _mly-amb
\ne-bn ]cm-ain-pIsb--msX \o Ah-cpsS Imcy-n kwkmcn--cp-Xv. Ahsc-p-dnv Ah-cn\n-pP-\--fn\n-p- HcmtfmSpw \o hni-Z-hn-hcw tNmZn-p-I-bp-a-cp-Xv.
Jp-B\
- ns samw Bi-ba
- d
- n-bp, kzK-n-te-p Bbn-cnsemn\v
am{Xta Kplm-hm-kn-I-fpsS Fn kwi-b-an-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bp-q. Kplm-hm-knI-fpsS F-, GsXmcp hnj-b-nepw kwi-b-a-I-m-\p Ddv \Ip kXyamWv Jp-B-\ns samw Bi-bw. Ben-Cw-dm: 7, lqZv: 17-18, lnPv: 99 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
hnizm-kn-I GsXmcp Imcy-nepw Xn-m ]mSn-, FmImcy-fpw
kv]-ambn hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n t\mn Dd-p-h-cp-p-IbmWv sNt-Xv. A-lv: 64, 89 t\mpI. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n\nv
Ah-cpsS kwibw Zqco-I-cn-m Ahv km[n-pn-s-n Jp-B-\ns Bib-a-dn-bphtcmSv tNmZnp a\-n-em-pI-bmWv thXv. \lv: 43 t\mpI.
\mfs Ah-c-h-cpsS Ccn-nSw \c-I-n-emtWm AtXm kzK-nemtWm Fv
ChnsS shp-Xs ImWm\p Dm-gvN-Zm-b-I-hpw Xocp-am-\n-m-\p Xpem-kpamWv Jp-B-\n-s samw Bibw. AAv-dm^v: 203 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
23.
\n-bw, \msf Rm B {]hrn sNp-sav \osbm-cn--epw Hcp

Imcy-s-p-dnpw ]d-p-t]m-I-cp-Xv.
620
24.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Amlp Dt-in-m-sem-gnsI Fp-]-d-bm-sX. AYhm \o ad-p-I-bmsW-n Hm-h-cp-tm \ns \mYs\ kvacn-p-I. Fs \mY
CXn-t\-m kamK-ntev Fs amK-Zi\w sNbvtXmw
Fp-]-d-bp-Ibpw sNp-I.
am apivcnp-I Kplm-hm-kn-I-sf-p-dnv \_ntbmSv tNmZn--tm \msf

]d-p-Xc
- m-sav \_n adp-]Sn ]d-p. tijw ]Xn-\v Znh-kt- v hlvbpambn
Pn_vco hcnI-bp-m-bn-. ]noSv Pn_vco hcp--Xv Cu kqfpw sImmWv.
\_n Pn_vcoen-t\mSv "\s adtm' Fv tNmZn--Xn\v adp-]-Sn-bm-bn-mWv "R
\ns dns I]-\{]Im-ca-msX Cd-n-h-cn-I-bn-, Ah-\mWv R-fpsS apnep--Xpw R-fpsS ]nnep-Xpw Ah-n-S-bn-ep--Xp-samw. \ns dv Hpw
hnkva-cn-p--h-\p--a' F Bi-b-n-ep adnbw: 64 Ah-X-cn-n--Xv. ChnsS
Pn_vco X\n-m-sW-nepw "R' FmWv ]d-bp--Xv. AYhm {XnIm-e-m\n-bmb \mYs I]\b-\p-k-cnv {]hn-m am{Xta ae-p-Iv km[np-I-bpq. _Jd: 255 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
"Amlp Dt-in-m-sem-gnsI' Fp-]-d-bmsX `mhnbn Hcp-Imcyw {]hnp-sav Ddnv ]d-b-cp-sX-mWv hnizmkn-Isf ]Tn-n-p--Xv. AYhm ]d-bm
hnp-t]m-bm Hmahcptm Am-lp-hns\ kvacnv s]mdp--ens\ tXS-W-sapw,
FmWv kmK-sav Am-lp-hn-t\mSv lrZ-bw-sImv tNmZnpI-bpw, AX-\pk-cnv {]hn-p-IbpamWv thXv. AAv-dm^v: 205 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
adhn ]nim-Nn \npXmWv. hnizm-knI-, ]nimNn\np Hcp _m[tbmtXm--ep-m-bm DSs\ Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-p-Ibpw, Atm Ah
Dm-gvN-bphcmIp--Xp-am-sWv AAvdm^v: 201- ]d-n-p-v. hnizmkn-I
Ftmgpw, {]tXy-Inv kpPq-Zn Am-lp-th, Rsf \o \n--fnepw Ccp--fnepw InS-p-I-fn-ep-samw \ns kvacn-p--h-cm-t-W-ta, \n\v \n-{]-I-Snn-p--h-cp-am-tWta, Rsf \o \nsad sXm-Sn-Ifnepw \-s--h-cnepw
Ds-Sp-cptX Fv {]mn-p--h-cm-Wv. Xu_: 67, bqkp^v: 42 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
25.
Ah Ah-cpsS Kpl-bn apqdv hjw Xma-kn-p. Nne H-Xphjw Iqn-]d-bpp-v.
26.
\o ]d-bpI: Ah F{X-bmWv Xma-kn--sXv Ghpw Adn-bp--h

Am-lp-hm-Wv. BIm-i-fnepw `qan-bnep-ap ad--Im-cy--sf-mw
Ah-\pXm-Wv. AXp-sImv ImWpI, AXv tIpIbpw sNp-I.
Ah-s\-q-SmsX Ahv kwc--Icn\nv Hcm-fp-anXs. Ah
Xs Xocp-am-\m-[n-Im-c-n Hcm-sfbpw ]p-tNp-pan-.
Ah Kpl-bn aqqdv hjw Xma- k n- p, Fm Nne 309 hjamsWpw ]d-bp-pv. kqcy-hj-nse 300 sImw N{-hjnse 309 sImam-Wv. hjns F-n-e-, AXv apqtdm apq-n-sbm]tXm F{X-bp-am-
A Ilv^v (18)
621
hs, B kw`-h-n\nv Inp ]mT-apsmm\mWv \_n-tbmSpw hnizm-knI-tfmSpw Amlp I]n-p--Xv. "AXpsImv ImWp-I, AXv tIp-Ibpw
sNpI' Fp-]-d--Xns hnh-, FmImcy-fpw Dm-gvN-Zm-b-I-amb JpB-\ns Bibw D]-tbm-K-s-Spn ImWp-Ibpw, Jp-B-\ns Bibw tIpIbpw sNpI Fm-Wv. ABw: 103104 t\mp-I. AYhm Jp-B\ns Bibn Am-lp-hns\ Ip-sImv Ncn-pI, Amlp kZm-ho-n-p-p-v,
tIp-pv F t_m[-n Ftmgpw Fhn-sSbpw \nesImp-I Fv kmcw.
_Jd: 257, bqkp^v: 108, lqZv: 24, Alv: 128, Ckvdm-Av: 12 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
27.
\ns \mYs ]\nv \n\v Znhy-k-t-i-ambn e`n-n-p

{Kn\nv Xnem-hv sNpIbpw sNbvXp-sIm-pI. Ahs
hN-\- amn-a-dn-p--h-\n Xs, Ah-s\-q-SmsX bmsXmcp A`b-m-\hpw \o Is-p--Xp-a-.
Xnem-h-v a\-n-em-p--Xn\v _Jd: 44 t\mp-I. Xnem-hv Fp-]-dm Jp-B hmbn-p-Ibpw Bibw P\-fn-tev Fn-p-sIm-Sp-pIbpw
sNpI Fm-Wv. Am-lp-hns hN-\sf amn-a-dn-p--h-\mbn Bscbpw \o
Is-p-I-bn-. AYhm Am-lp-hns hN-\-sf amn-a-dn-m Ah h[n-s--h-\pw, ac-W-tm-Sp-IqSn hnNm-c-W-bn-msX \c-I-n t]mIp sXmSn-bpam-bn--gnp Fv kmcw. AAvdm^v: 170, A^m: 31, Xu_: 67-68, 125 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
28.
X-fpsS \mYs apJw {]Xo-n-p-sImv {]`m-X-nepw {]tZm-jnepw hnfnp {]mn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-h

- t- cm-sSmw \o a-tbmsS
hn-t-Xp-am-Ip-p. ùXnI Pohn-X-nse Ae-m-c B{Kln-p-sImv, Ah-sc-smv \ns IpIsf \o Xncn-p-I-f-bp-I-bp-acp-Xv. \psS kvac-W-bp-bp Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-s-smv
Xs lrZbw {]-b--hs\bpw Xs tZtl ]n]-n-b-h-s\bpw
\o Hcn-epw A\p-k-cn-pIbp-a-cp-XvAhs Imcyw ]cn[newLn-h-\m-bncnpp F-X-s{X.
ABw: 52 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. X-fpsS \mYs apJw {]Xo-n-psImv FXns hnh-, Ahs\ ktm-j-tm-Sp-IqSn Ip-ap--W-sa B{Kl-n ChnsS Ftmgpw Ahs\ Ip-sImv Ncn-p-I Fm-Wv. Ckm:
2426 Amlp ]d-bpp: Atm \ns \mYs Xocp-am-\-n-\p-thn \o atbmsS hn-p-I. Ah-cn\n-p Ip-hm-fn-I-sfbpwI-]-S-hn-izm-kn-I \nsI--h-scbpw^m-Pn-dp-I \o Hcn-epw A\p-k-cn-p-I-bp-a-cp-Xv. \ns \mYs
\maw {]`m-X-nepw {]tZm-j--fnepw kvacn-p-sIm-p-Ibpw cm{Xn-bn Ahs
apn kmmwKw {]W-an-p-Ibpw cm{Xn-I-fn kpZoL-ambn Ahs\ hmgvpIbpw sNp-I. _Jd: 77, AAvdm^v: 175-176, 179, Xu_: 73, lnPv: 88 hni-Zo-IcWw
t\mp-I.
622
29.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Ah- t \mSv ]d- b p- I bpw sNpI: kXyw \nfpsS \mY\n-
\npXmIp-p. AXpsImv BcmtWm Dt-in-X
- v, Atm Ah
hniz-kn-psImp-Ib
- pw, BcmtWm Dt-in-Xv Atm Ah \ntj[n-psImp-Ibpw sNs. \nbw \ntj-[n-I-fmb A{I-an-Iv
\mw \cIw Hcp-n-sh-n-cn-pp. AXns PzmeI Hcp IqSm-cwt]mse Ahsc hebw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. AhchnsS sh-n\v bmNnp-tm Dcp-Inb temlw-t]m-ep, apJw Icn-p-I-f-bp sh-ambncnpw Ahv IpSn-m \Ip-I. F{XZpjn ]m\o-bw, AXv
\-c-Iw hfsc Zpjn hn{i-a--ew Xs-bm-Ip-p.
^mXzn: 39- Amlp ]d-bpp: Ah-\mWv `qan-bn \nsf Ahs

{]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-n-bXv, Fm \n-fnemsc-nepw \ntj[nbmbm AXns
tZmjw \nv X-s-bm-Wv. Im^n-dp-Iv Ah-cpsS \ntj[w X-fpsS \mYs-b-Sp- im]hpw tIm]-hp-a-msX hn-n-pIbn. Ah-cpsS \ntj[w
Ahv \-hp-a-msX hnn-p-I-bpan. bq\pkv: 108, C_vdmlow: 16-19, lqZv:
118120, Ckvdm-Av: 81-82 t\mp-I.
30.
\n-b-ambpw hniz-kn-p-Ibpw kI- A\p-n-p-Ibpw

sNp--h-cmtcm, Acw Ghpw \ {]h-\- sNp--hcpsS {]Xn-êw \mw Hcn-epw ]mgm-n-I-f-bp-I-bnXs.
Ghpw \ {]h\w Fp-]-d-m, Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-Ibpw

]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sN-em-Wv. AXv Xs-bmWv \ \ne-\nm-\pw Xn hn]mS\w
sNm-\p-ap GI-amKw. a\p-jy-cpsS sFIyw \ne-\nn `qan AXns kpe\-n \ne-\nm-\p D]-I-c-Whpw Jp-B-\ns Bibw Xs-bm-Wv. AXpsIm-mWv AXns\ Xpemkv Fpw \oXn-sbpw ]-d-bp--Xv. I- kzoI-cn-s-Sm-\pw {]m-\-p-cw e`n-m\pw _Jd: 186- ]d cv D]m-[n-I
{in-p-I. ABw: 155-157, AAvd
- m^v: 169170, Alv: 90 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
31.
Aq-v Xs-bmWv \nXym-\p-{K-l--f-S-nb kzK-q-tm-p-Ifp--Xv. Ah-cpsS Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS \Zn-I Hgp-In-sm-n-cn-pw.

AhhnsS kzmep hf-I AWn-bn--s-Spw. t\cn-bXpw
In-bp-Xpw Ikhv ]Xn--Xp-amb ]v hkv{X AWn-bn-s-Sp-Ibpw sNpw. AhchnsS Ae-cn Nmcp-a---fn Nmcn-bncpv ]c-kv]cw k-]n-p-X
- m-bn-cn-pw. F{X\ {]Xn-ê
- w! F{X\
hn{i-aktXw!
]c-tem-Is eyw shp-sImv ChnsS \ne-sIm-p am-ep-v

{]Xn-^-e-ambn kzK-hpw, B kzK-n ]p-h-kv{Xfpw \IsSp-sapw Ahc-hnsS Nmcp-afn A`n-ap-J-ambn Nmcn-bncpp k-]n-p--Xp-am-Wv. Ah-
A-h-nsS kqcyt\m(Nq-tS-dnb shbn-tem) ]pI-]-S-e-tfm ImWp-I-bn-. AXnse
A Ilv^v (18)
623
\ng-ep-I Ah-cp-sS-ta Fm-bn-Spw Ftm-gp-ap-m-bn-cn-pw. AXnse I\nI
Ah-cpsS hmbbn e`n----hw ko-Icnv sh-h-bp-amWv(Ckm: 1214).
Ah-v B kzK-n t\cn-bXpw In-bp--Xp-amb ]-p-I sImp DX-amb hkv{X-fpm-bn-cn-pw. AhnsS Ah sh kz-m-ep hf-I
AWn-bn--s-Sp-I-bpw, Ah-cpsS \mY Ahsc ]cn-ip--amb ]m\o-btX,
]m, IpSn-p-hv B\w]I-cp I-v--Ip-Sn-n-p--Xp-am-Wv. kqd: apl-Zv:
15 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. CsXmw \np {]Xn-^-e-am-Wv, \n-fpsS {]b-Xv\ hne-a-Xn---h
-- ap-Xv Xs-bm-bn-cp-p. AYhm Jp-B-\ns shfn-nepw kmy-n-ep-am-bn-cp-p Fw(Ckm: 21-22). AAv-dm^v: 43, dAvZv:
32.
Ahv \o Hcp D]a hnh-cn-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNpI: cv ]pcpjam, Ah-cnsemcmv \mw apncn-bm-ep cv tXm-
\In. AXn-\p-Nppw Cu--\-I s]mXn-n-p-ap-v. B cv tXm-pan-S-bn Irjn-bn-S-hp-ap-v.
33.
cv tXm--fpw Ah-bpsS ê- \In. AXn bmsXmcp {IatSpw hcp-nbXpan-. Ahn-S-bn-eqsS \mw Hcp \Zn Hgpp-Ibpw
sNbvXp.
AXmbXv kp`n--ambn Pohn-m-\pXIp Xc-n-ep [m\y-fpw Imbv\n-I-fpw ]g-hK-fpw B tXm--fn\nv kpe-`-ambn e`n-n-cp-p. Ah \\m shhpw btYw Dm-bn-cp-p. AYhm B tXm-m-c kzbw ]cym]vX\m-bn-cpp Fw. _Jd: 266 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI.
34.
Ah\v AXn\npw ê- btYjvS-ambn e`n-psImn-cpp.

As\ Ah Xs Iqp-Im-c-\p-ambn kwhmZw \Snsmv
]dbpI-bp-mbn: Rm \nt-m k-\pw B_-eaph\pw
Xs-bm-Ip-p.
35.
As\ Ah kz-tmSv Xs A{Iaw {]hn--h-\m-b \nebn Xs tXmn {]th-in-p. Ah ]dp: CsXmpw Hcnepw \inpt]m-Ip-sav Rm Icp-Xp-n-.
36.
B Ay-a-Wn-q \S-nhcpsapw Rm Icp-Xp-n-. C\n Rm

Fs \mY-\n-tev aS--s-Sp-I-bm-sW-ntem, CXn-tesd D-a-amb
HcpktXw F\nv e`npI Xs sNpw.
AYhm ùXnI Pohn-X

- n BIr-\
- mb Ah Pohn-Xe
- yw ad-p-sImv,
\njv]-hm-\mb Xs \mYs\ [n-cn-p-sImv ]d-bp-I-bmWv: Rm kXy-nem-b-XpsImmWv F\nv Cu A\p-{K-l-sfmw e`n-n-p--Xv, ]c-tem-I-pw
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
F\nv Xs-bm-bn-cnpw D-a-amb hn`-h-fpw kt-Xhpw e`npI. Am-lphns\ ad-p-I-f sXm-Sn-bmb Cu tXm-m-cs AtX Ah--bn-em-Wv Av
am apivcnp-Ifpw Cv temI-s-hn-sS-bp-ap I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-Ifpw \ne-sImpsXv Jp-B-\ns Bibw "auC-fv' Bbn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p--hv a\-nemmw. AAv-dm^v: 175-176, bq\pkv: 57, \lv: 125 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
624
37.
Ahs Iqp-Im-c kwhmZw\Sn-smv Ah-t\mSv tNmZnp: \ns

an\npw ]ns C{nbp-n-bn\npw krn-p-I-bpw,
]ns ]pcp-j-\mbn cq]-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvX- Hcphs\ \o \ntj-[np-pthm?
_Jd: 28, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
38.
Fm \nbw Rm\mIp-Xv, Amlp am{X-am-Ipp Fs \mY.

Rm Fs \mY-\n Hns\bpw ]p-tNp--h-\p-a-.
39.
\ns tXm-n {]th-in--tm "Am-lp- Dt-in-XpsIm-mWXv,

Ah-msX Hcp in-bp-an Xs'Fv Fp-sImv \o ]d-n?
\o \nt- m kpw kXnbpw Ipd- - h - \ mbn Fs
ImWppsh-n!
kXy-hn-izm-kn-I, km-n-Ia-- m-tbm, km-\-]-c-amtbm atm Fs-nepw

A\p-{Klw e`n-p-I-bm-sW-n "Amlp Dt-in--Xp-sIm-m-Wv, Ah-s\-q-SmsX
Rv bmsXmcp Ign-hp-an-, Fmw Am-lp-hn\n-mWv, Am-lp-hn-te-mWv'
F Bibn {]mn--W-sav \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Ilv^v: 23-24 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
40. Atm Fs \mY \ns tXm-t-m D-a-am-bXv F\nv
\In-q-Sm-bvI-bn-, Ah \ns tXmw-sIms BIm-i-p-\nv
CSn-hm-fp-I AbpIbpw, As\bXns\ D]-tbm-Ki
- q-\y-amb NXpp-\neamn amp-Ibpw sNbvtX-mw.
41.
Asn AXnse shw hn-tmsbpw hcmw. ]nosSmcn-epw

B shw XncnpsImp-h-cm \n\v km[n-p-I-bn-Xs.
dAvZv: 24, 17-18, lnPv: 2223 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
42.
As\ Ahs ê-k-ar-n- \mi-m he-bw-sNs-p. AXn

sNe-h-gn-Xns t]cn Ah ssIa-en. AXm-I-s, AXns
]-ep-I-tfm-sS-Xs \new-]-Xn-n-cn-p-p. Ah ]d-bp--h-\p-ambn:
lm Fs \miw, Fs \mY\n Rm Hn-s\bpw ]p-tNm-Xncps-n F{X \m-bn-cp-t-s\.
A Ilv^v (18)
625
Chn-Sps ]-p-tNinv{]tXyIw {in-p-I. AXm-bXv {kmhn\v CS-bm-fam-sctbm ]Ic-m-sctbm Hpah P]n-p-n-, adnv Ah\v
\Is A\p-{K-l--fpsS DdhnSw adp-sImv "Amlv' F t_m[-an-msX
kwkm-cn-pI am{X-amWv sNbvXX
- v. _Jd: 176, Xu_: 67-68 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
43.
Am-lp-hn-s\-q-SmsX Ahs\ klm-bn-p Hcp kwLhpw Ahp-m-bn-, kzbw t\cnSm Ah\v Ign--Xp-an-.
44.
Atm kXy- n Am- l p- h n\v am{X- a m- W v kwcWm[nImcsapw, D-a-amb {]Xn-^-ehpw D-a-amb ]cn-WnXnbpw Ah-\v
am{X-am-sWpw AhnsS {]I-Sambn.
AAvdm^v: 54-55, lqZv: 55-56 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
45.
sFln- I - t em- I ns D]a Ahv DZm- l - c n- p- s Im- S p- pIbpw

sNpI; shw-t]m-se-bm-WX
- v. BIm-i
- p-\nv \mw AXns\ Cdpp, AXp-aptJ\ kky-eXmZnI Xpcp-Xpsc apf-p-p. As\
Ah Imn ]-d-p DW-nb sshtmemn ampp. Amlp
Fm-Im-cy-n\pw Ign-hp ki Xs-bm-Ipp.
dAvZv: 17-18 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
46.
kpw km\fpw sFln-I-Po-hn-X-ns Ae-m-c- am{Xam-Ip-p. \ne-\np kI am{X-am-Ipp \ns \mYs-b-Sp- D-a-hpw {]Xn-^-eml-am-bXpw. AXp-X-s-bm-Ipp
D-a-amb {]Xo \IpXpw.
kpa: 21- Amlp ]d-bpp: \o In-t, \n-bw Amlp BIm-i-p\nv sh-an-d-p-p. ssIh-cn-Ifpw tXmSp-I-fp-samw B shs `qan-bn H-gpp-p. ]ns AXn\nv hnhn[ \nd-n-ep Irjn-I D]m-Zn-n-p-p, ]ns
AXv DW-p-p. Atm AXv a-fn---Xmbn \n\v ImWmw. tijw AXv
sshtm-embn \pcp-pp. \nbw AXn _pn-amamv A\p-kva-c-W-apv.
lZoZv: 20 Amlp ]d-bpp: \n Adn-bpI; Cl-tem-I-Po-hnXw Ifnbpw Xamibpw Ae-m-chpw, \n ]c-kv]cw s]mw \Sn-epw, kzp-fnepw km\--fnepw s]cppwImWn-epw am{X-amIppHcp ag-t]m-se. AXp-aq-e-ap-m-Ip
sNSn-I Ij-Isc Ap-X-s-Sp-p-p, ]no-SXv DW-p-p. Atm AXv
a-fn--Xmbn \n\v ImWmw. ]ns AXv Xpcp-mbntm-Ip-p. Pohn-X-eyw
adv Pohn \ntj-[n-Iv ]c-tem-Iv ITn-\-amb in-bp-v, Cl-tem-I-PohnXw ]c-tem-I-tp Irjn-bn-S-ambn ]cn-K-Wn hnizm-kn-Iv Am-lphn\n-p ]m]-tam-N-\hpw Ahs Xr]vXn-bp-ap-v. Cl-tem-I- Po-hnXamIs,
h\m-]-c-amb Hcp hn`-h-a-msX asm-p-a-. Ben-Cw-dm: 1415, 136, 185 hni-ZoIcWw t\mp-I.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
\ne-\np kIw Fp-]-d-m, Jp-B kq--fpsS ASnm-\
- n-ep I- Fm-Wv. AYhm \ne-hnep-hpw ]nKman-Ipw
Ffp--hpw imnbpw kam-[m\hpw \Ip {]h-\--fm-W-h. An-km-Av:
85, AAvdm^v: 89, C_vdmlow: 24-27 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
626
47.
Hcp-\m-fn ]-X
- sf \mw k-cn-n-p-X
- pam-Wv. Atm `qansb
\n\v sXfnv an\p-k-ap--Xmb \ne-bn ImWmw. \mw Ah-scsb-m-h-scbpw ]p\Pohn-nv Hcp-an-p-Iq--p--Xpam-Wv. Atm Ahcn\nv HpwXs \n\nv ad-p-\npn.
\wev: 88- Amlp ]d-bpp: ]-X-sf Dd-n-p-\nn-b-Xmbn Ctm

\o ImWpp, Fm Ahsb hn-[n-Zn-h-kw taL--sf-tmse k-cn-np-XmWv. Fm-Im-cy-fpw Ip-a--Xmnsh Am-lp-hns DXv]m-Z-\-amIpp AXv.
\nbw Ah, \n {]hn-p-sXmw hebwsNbvX-h Xs-bm-Ip-p.
^mnl: 3, lqZv: 103-108, C_vdmlow: 48, Ilv^v: 8 t\mp-I.
48. \ns \mYs apn Ah \mY- \ p- a mbn Xp- e yAI- e - n
AWnbmbn \ns-Sp-Ibpw sNpw. A-h ]dbpw: BZy-hw
\mw \nsf Fs\ krn-pthm, \nbw A{]-Imcw \nsf
\mw sImp-h-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wtm. A; \nv C-c-samcp
hmKvZkabw \nbnnn-msbv \n Dd-nv hnizkn-p-h-cm-bn-cp-p.
ABw: 94 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. \_-Av: 38- Amlp ]d-bpp: dqlpwPn_vcoepw ae-p-Ifpw AWn-b-Wn-bmbn \np-- Zn\w, BmtWm Amlp
kXw sImSp-Xv Ahcpw, BcmtWm kXyw-]-d-Xv Ah-cp-a-msX kwkm-cnp-I-bn Xs. A^Pv: 21-23 Amlp ]d-bpp: A; `qan CSn-p-s]m-Snv
s]mSn-]-S-e-amn \nc-m-p-Ibpw, \ns \mY\pw AWnb-Wn-bmbn ae-p-Ifpw
hcn-Ibpw sNp--Zn\w. \cIw sImp-h-csSp B Zn-\-n a\p-jy\v t_m[ywhcpw: Ah Jp-B-\ns Bibw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-bn-cp-p-sh-n F{X \mbn-cp-ts\sbv. bq\pkv: 53-56 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
49.
{KwI-tc-JlmP-cm-s
- -Sp-Ibpambn. Atm {`mam AhcpsS {K-n-ep-Xn InSn-ew-sIm-pXv \n\v ImWmw. Ah
]d-bp-Ibpw sNpw: Hm, R-fpsS \miw!, CsX-smcp {K-am-Wv,
sNdptXm heptXm Bb HpwXs AXn sImn-sh-m-sX
hnnn-tm. Ah {]hnsXm-sbpw \mw Ahv lmP-cmn-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. \ns \mY Hcm-tfmSpw A]wt]mepw A\oXn ImWn-p--h-\-.
Ckvdm-Av: 13-14 ]d X-fpsS ]nc-Sn-bn _n--Xpw, hn[n-Zn-hkw
A Ilv^v (18)
627
Xpd-, {]Im-in-p ]pkvX-I-ambn ]pd-s-Spv \In hmbn-n-p--Xp-amb
Ah-c-h-cpsS {]h\- dnmUm-W-Xv. Jp-B kq--fpsS Bi-b-an-m-Xn-\m hn[n-Zn-hkw hcmt]m-Ip Cu cwK-sfmpw-Xs a\-n-em-m
km[n-msX ey-t_m[w \-s--h-cmbn, As-n {]-bh-cmbn Cltem-Iv IgnpIq-ph-cmWv {`mam. A-Avdm^v: 40 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
\ns \mY BtcmSpw A]w-t]mepw A\oXn ImWn-n-n Fp-]-d-m,
Ah-c-h-cpsS {]h\ dnmUn Cm-Xv tNpItbm, DXv hnp-I-fbpItbm sNbvXn-n FmWv. AXpsImv hmbn-m ]p--hn-[-n-ep kwkmchpw {]hrnbpw am{Xta Hmtcm-cp-cpw Cl-tem-I-p-shv \Smhq Fv
Cu kqw ]Tn-n-p-p. ABw: 157, AAvdm^v: 89, 30, 175-179, Alv : 111
kq- t\mp-I.
50. \mw ae-p-I-tfmSv-a-e-p-I-f-S-p kZnt\m-Sv]d k`hpw
kvac-Wo-bamWv. \n-sfmw BZ-an\v kpPqZv sNp-I. Atm Ahsc-m-hcpw kpPqZv sNbvXp--C_veoskmgn-sI. Ah Pnp-I-fn s]h-\m-bn-cp-p. As\ Xs \mYs I]\ Ah [n-cn-p.
Atm \n FsqSmsX Ah-s\bpw Ahs km-\--sfbp-amtWm cm-[n-Im-cn-I-fmbn kzoI-cn-p-Xv? Ah \nv
i{Xp--fm-Ip-p. A{I-an-I ]I-csaSp-p-Xv AXyw Zpjn-XpXs.
Cu kq-n am{X-amWv ]nimNv Pnns]--h-\mWv Fp-]-d-n-p-Xv.
_Jd: 34, kzmZv: 74 kq--fn, Ah \ntj-[n-I-fns]-h-\mWv Fp-]-d-np-v. Am-lp-hns\ shSnv kwc--I-cmbn amsc sXscs-Sp-mepw Ah
A{I-an-Ifpw \ntj-[n-If
- p-am-Wv. Fm a\pjycnepw Hcp Pnp-Iq-p-Im-c\
- p-v, samw
Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw-sImv B Iqp-Im-cs\ hnizm-knbmmsX Hcmpw hnizmkn-bm-Imt\m, kzK-n-tev Xncn-p-t]m-Imt\m km[y-a Xs. Pnp-Iq-p-Imcs\ hnizm-knbmm-\p GI-amKw Jp-B-\ns Bibw am{X-am-Wv. AAv-dm^v:
2, 27, Xu_: 8485 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
51.
BIm-i-`qan-I-sf krn--tmtgm, Ah-sc-s krntmtgm \mw

Ahsc kmn-I-fmnbnn. \psS klmbn-I-sfv \Snv a\pjysc hgn-]n-g-nphsc Rm sXsc-s-Sp-p-I-bpan-.
ABw: 100, 112, bqkp^v: 5, C_vdmlow: 22, lnPv: 17-18, Alv: 98-100
hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
52.
Hcp-\m-fn \mw ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpw: \n Fs ]m-fn-I-sfv Ddn- p- s h- n- c p- h sc hnfn- p- I , Atm Ah Ahsc hnfnpwFm Ah Ahv Dcw \Ip-I-bn-. \mw Ahn-Sbn \mi-Kwi-{Xp-XDmp-XpamWv.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
AAv-dm^v: 194195, bq\pkv: 27-30, 71, C_vdmlow: 1821, 30 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
628
53.
{`mamcmb-h \cIw ImWp-I-bpw, \nbw X AXn ]Xnm t]mhp-Ibm-sWv a\-n-em-p-Ibpw sNpw. AXn\nv hnpam-dn-tm-Im Hcp-amKhpw Ah Is-p-I-bp-an-.
bq\pkv: 17, Ckvdm-Av: 9798, Ilv^v: 49 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
54.
\n-b-ambpw Cu Jp-B-\n a\pjyp-thn Fm Hmtcm D]-aIfpw DZm-l-cnn-p-v. Fm a\p-jy Fm-Im-cy-nepw A[n-Icn X-kz-`m-h-ap--h-\mbncn-p-p.
Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-amb Adnhn-msX, kmK-an-msX, shfnw \Ip

{K-an-msX Am-lp-hns Imcy-n Xn-p-h
- P\-f
- n-epv Fv lv:
8-epw, epJvam: 20epw ]-d-n-p-v. Am-lpth, Rsf \o \ns kq-tfmSv Xn-p--h-cn Ds-Sp--cp-tX, Rsf \o \ns amK-n XymK-]cn-{ia sNp-h-cn Ds-Sp-t-W-ta Fv hnizm-kn-I Ftmgpw {]mnpXmWv. \lv: 89, Ckvdm-Av: 41, 89 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
55. a\p-jyv kmKw hp-In-n-b-tm hniz-kn-p-Ibpw, X-fpsS
\mY-t\mSv s]mdp--ens\ tXSp-Ibpw sNp--Xn\nv Ahsc
XSnn- - ] qn- I - c psSta kzoI- c ns \S- ] Sn Ahv
hsn-bn-n, Asn in Ah-cpsS Iapn hnn
F-X-m-sX.
AAvdm^v: 25, lnPv: 13-15, Alv: 33-34, Ckvdm-Av: 7677, 94-95 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI.
56.
\mw {]hm-N-Iamsc ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-p--hcpw ap-dn-bnv

\Ip--h-cpam-bn-sm--msX Ab-m-dn-. Atm kXy-\n-tj[n-If
- m-bh
- anYy-sImv kXys XIp-If
- b
- p-hmthn Xnp-p. Ah Fs kq--sfbpw Ahsc ap-dn-bnv \Ip-Xn-s\bpw ]cn-lm-k-ambn ImWp-Ibpw sNpp.
bqkp^v: 110, bq\pkv: 108, Ckvdm-Av: 17, 8182 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
57.
Atm Xs \mYs kq- lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn DWnbnv AXns\ Ah-K-Wn-p-I-bpw, Xs ssII Hcp-nshXv adp-I-f-bp-Ibpw sNbvXh-t\m Ghpw henb A{Ian BcmWv?
\nbw \mw, AcmcpsS lrZ-b-fn AXv a\-n-em-Im-Xn-cn---hw Hcp- aq-Sn-bn-ncn-p-p, AhcpsS sNhn-I-fnepw Hc-S-
A Ilv^v (18)
629
pv. \o Ahsc kmKntev hnfn-m, Atm Ahscmcnepw kmKw {]m]n-p-I-bnXs.
"Xs ssII Hcp-nshXv' FXv sImp-t-in-p-Xv Ahs sXpIp---fm-Wv. sXpw icnbpw Xncn--dn-bm-\p Dc--mWv Jp-B-\ns Bibw
F-Xn-\m, Jp-B-\ns Bibw Cm-sX-bp \a-kvImcw, t\mv, km-v,
lv XpS-nb GXv {]h-\-fpw sXmbnamdp--Xm-Wv. Xs \mYs
kq lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn DW-s--Xn\v tijw ]ns AXns\
Ah-K-Wnv t]mIp--h-\mWv Ghpwh-enb A{Ian Fv ]d-n-p-Xv kPZ: 15,
22 kq-fn Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. AXv sImmWv Jp-B-\ns Bibw Adn-nv
aqSn-sh-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I h[n--s--hcpw Am-lp-hns i{Xp-fpw hnNmcW-bn-msX \c-I-ns ASn--n t]mIp--h-cp-am-b-Xv. AAv-dm^v: 198, Xu_:
58. \ns \mY Gsd s]mdp-p--h\pw Imcp-Wy-a-cp-fp--h\pw XsbmIp-p. Ah km-Zn--Xns t]cn Ahsc ]nSn-Iq-Sm Dt-inn-cp-p-sh-n Ahsc DS-s\s innp-am-bn-cp-p. Fm
Ahv n]vX-am-sbmcp hmKvZ--k-a-b-apv. Ah\ptijw Ah
Hcp A`-b-m-\hpw IspI-bn-Xs.
bq\pkv: 12, Alv: 37-40, 61, Ckvdm-Av: 18-20 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
59.
AsX-m-amWv \mSp-I, Ah A{I-an-I-fm-b-tm \mw Ahsc \inn-p-I-f-p. Ah-cpsS \mi-n\v \mw Hcp hmKvZ--k-abw \nbn-n-p-apmbn-cp-p.
AAvdm^v: 101-102, bq\pkv: 44, 49, lqZv: 100102, Ckvdm-Av: 58 hni-Zo-I-cWw

t\mpI.
60. aqkm Xs `rXy-t\mSv ]d k`hpw kvac-Wo-b-amWv: cv kap{Z Hcp-anp-IqSp ev Fp--Xp-hsc Rm Fs Cu
bm{X aXn-bm-p-I-bn-, Asn bpK--tfmfw Rm kcnp-Xm-Wv.
aqkm \_nv {]tXyI Adnhv ]Tn-np--Xn-\p-thn Am-lp-hn\np
{]tXy-I-amb Adnhv \Is Zmk-\m-b "Jnfvdn's\ Ip-ap-p--Xp-hsc Cu bm{X
XpS-cpsamWv aqkm\_n Xs bph-`r-Xy-\mb \q\n-s- a-I "bqi-Av't\mSv ]dbp--Xv.
61.
kap{Z- Hcp-anpIq-Sp ev Fn-b-tm Ah cp-t]cpw

Ah-cpsS ays ad-p-t]m-bn. ay-am-I-s, kap-{Z-n NmSn
Dufn-bnv A{]-Xy-amhpIbpw sNbvXp.
630
62.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
As\ Ah Iptd aptm-p-t]m-b-tm aqkm Xs `rXy-t\mSv
]dp: \psS D-`Ww sImph-cnI, \nbw Cs bm{Xbn \mw hf-sc-b-[nIw Xfv oWn-X-cm-bn-cn-pp.
63.
`rXy ]dp: Xm Intbm? \mw B ]md-s-n\-Spv hn{ian--tm \nbw Rm ays ad-p-t]m-bn. Xmsf AXns\p-dnv Hman-n-p-Xn\nv ssim\msX Fs ad-n-n-n-.
AXm-I-s, kap-{Z-n Ap-X-I-c-ambn hgn-sX-sc-s-Spv cs-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
64.
aqkm ]dp: AhnsSs-bmWv \apv Fn-s-Sm-\p--Xv.

As\ Ah cp-t]cpw Ah-cpsS Im]m-SpI t\mn ]pd-tImv
Xncn-p-\-S-p.
65.
Atm AhnsS Ah, \psS Zmkam- c n\n- p Hcmsf

Isn. At-ln\v \mw \n\n-p ImcpWyw \Ip-I-bpw,
\n\n-p khn-ti-j-amb Adnhv ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-p-mbn-cp-p.
khn-ti-ja
- mb Adnhv sImp-t-in-p-Xv Jp-B\
- ns Bi-bw XsbmWv.
ABw: 75, lnPv: 99 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. bq\pkv: 5758 t\mp-I.
66.
aqkm At- l - t mSv tNmZnp: Xmv ]Tn- n- - s - n- p

kmKm\w F\nv ]Tn-nv Xcp--Xn-\p-th-n Rm Xmsf
A\p-K-an--stbm?
67.
Atlw ]dp: \nbw \n\v Ftm-sSmw an-n-cn-m

km[n-p-Ib
-- n.
68.
\n\v A\p`-hanm--Im-cy--fn Fs\ anp \ne-sIm-m

km[npw?
69. aqkm ]dp: Amlp Dt-in-m Xm Fs amephmbn

Is-pI Xs sNpw. Hcp-Im-cy-nepw Xm-tfmSv Rm [nmcw
ImWn-p-I-bpan.
70.
Atlw ]dp: \o Fs ]n]n k-cn-p-I-bm-sW-n HcpIm-cy-s-p-dnpwRm AXn-s\-p-dnv kzbw \ns DWp-XphscFtmSv tNmZn-cpXv.
71.
As\ Ah cpt]cpw bm{X- b m- b n. Ah Hcp I- e n

Ibdnbtm Atlw AXns\ Hm-bmn tISp-h-cp-n--f-p.
A Ilv^v (18)
631
aqkm tNmZnp: I-ense Bfp-Isf apn-sm-mthn XmfXns\
Hmbm-p-Ib
- mtWm? \nbw Xm sImp-h
- Xv Kpcp-Xc-am-sbmcp
ISpwssI Xs-bm-Wv.
72.
Atlw tNmZnp: \nbw \n\v FtmsSmw an-p-I-gn-bm-

km[n-p-I-bn-sv Rm ]d-n-cp-nt?
73.
aqkm ]dp: Rm ad-p-t]m-b-Xn-s t]cn Xm Fs ]nSnIq-Sc

- p-Xv. Fs Imcy-n _pnap-p-If
- p-mn Xm Fs {]bmk-s-Sp-p-I-bp-a-cp-Xv.
74.
As\ Ah Hcp _mes\ Ip-ap-p--Xp-hsc bm{X XpSp.

Atm Atlw Ahs\ sImp-I-fp. aqkm tNmZnp: am-scbpw
sImnn-m \njvIf-\mb Hcm-mhns\- Xm sImp-I-fpthm? \nbw Xm sImp-h-Xv hntcm-[n--ssmcp Imcyw
Xs-bm-Wv.
75.
Atlw tNmZnp: \nbw \n\v FtmsSmw an-p-I-gn-bm-

km[n-p-I-bn-sv Rm \ntmSv ]d-n-cp-nt?
76.
aqkm ]dp: CXn-\p-tijw Rm Xm-tfmSv Fs-nepw tNmZn-pI-bm-sW-n, Atm Xm Fs IqsS-q-t--Xn-. \nbw

Xmv Fn\nv aXnbmb ImcWw Inn--gn-n-cn-p-p.
77.
A\-cw Ah cp-t]cpw bm{X-bm-bn. As\ Ccphcpw Hcp-\m-nse-n-b-tm B \mp-Im-tcmSv Ahp `Ww tNmZn-p.
Fm Ch cp-t]-scbpw AXn-Yn-I-fmbn kzoI-cn-m B \mpIm hnk--Xn-p. Atm Ah, s]mfnp-hogm-dmb Hcp aXn
AhnsS Isn. DSs\ Atlw B aXn icn-bm-n\nn. aqkm
]dp: Xm Dt-in-n-cp-p-sh-n Cu {]h\n-\p {]Xnêw hmm-am-bn-cp-p.
cp-t]-cnJn-fv, aqkm \mp-Im-tcmSv `Ww tNmZn--Xv aqk-m \_nbmWv.

s]mfn-phogmdmb aXn icn-s-Sp-n-sIm-Sp-Xv Jnfv X\n-m-Wv. AXp-sImmWv "Xm Dt-in-p-I-bm-sW-n AXn\v {]Xn-êw hmn \apv `Ww
Ign-m-am-bn-cpp'-Fv aqkm ]-d-Xv. B ka-bsmpw Jnfv ae-m-sWpw,
At-l-n\v `Ww Bh-iy-an-s-p-ap hkvXpX aqkm\_nv Adn-bmambncpn-.
78.
Atlw ]dp: Fsbpw \ns-bp-an-Sbnep th]ncn-b-en\v CXv

Imc-W-am-bn-cnp-I-bm-Wv. GsXmcpImcy-n-em-tWm \n\v an-n-
632
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
cn-m Ign-bm-Xv, AXn-s\-p-dnp bYm hrmw Rm
\n\v hnh-cn-p-XcnI-Xs sNpw.
"bYm hrmw' a\-n-em-p--Xn\v AAvdm^v: 53, bqkp^v: 6 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.

79.
B I, kap-{Z-n tPmen-sN-p GXm\pw ]mh--fp-tS-Xm-bncpp. AXn-\m Rm\Xv tISp-h-cp--W-sav Dt-in-p. ImcWw

Ahv ]n-n Fm \ I-ep-Ifpw _emmc-ambn ]nSn-sSpp Hcp cmPm-hp-m-bn-cp-p.
80.
B _mes Imcy-tam, Ahs amXm-]n-Xm- kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fmbn-cpp. Atm Ah, Ahs [nm-chpw kXy-\n-tj-[hpw
aptJ\ Ah Ccp-h-scbpw {]bm-k-s-Sp-p-sav \mw `b-sp.
ChnsS "Rm `b-sp' Fv ]d-bp--Xn-\p-]-Icw "\mw `b-sp' FmWv

Jnfv ]d-bp-Xv. ae-p-I X\nm-sW-nepw _lp-h-N-\-n-emWv kwkm-cn-pI.
ae-pI Xosc [nmcwhcm, Am-lp-hns\ A\p-k-cn-pI am{Xw sNp
Ahs ASn-a-I-fmWv. Alvcow: 6 IqnhmbnpI. Amlp Ah-cn-eqsS kwkmcn-p-Xp-sIm-mWv "\mw' Fv D-cn-p--Xv. adnbw: 64, bmko: 12, ^pznev: 30-31 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. amXm ]nXm hnizmknIfmsWn AhcpsS asf
]Xn\p hbn\papv Xncnphnfnnnsnepw kzn AhtcmsSmw
tNnsmSppsamWv kqw ]TnnpXv. Cmev hnizmknIfpsS
kwLw C, amXm]nmIs JpB\ns Bibspdnv bmsXmcp
Adnhpan. av kzntep Snv sImSpm ISas Ah AXv
sNmsX ùXnI hnZym`ymkw \IpXn\v t hn Fm ]cn{iafpw
\SpXmbn ImWmw. ]ctemIs \ntj[npsImp AhcpsS Ccw
PohnX ssien ImcWw Cln \nyX ]cn AXnITn\amb inbmWv
Ahv e`nm\pXv. Ah-km-\- Im-eL-amb Cmev km-\-sf JpB\ns XWen hfn- s m- p- h - c m hfsc{]bm- k - a m- W v . hnizm- k n- I
]ckv]cap hnhmlw \Sm km[yXbpw Csv ]dbmw. Atm Cv
hnizmknI hnhm-l-tam km-t\m-Xv]m-Z-\tambnmsX kqd: bmko-\n ]d
hnizm- k n- b mb l_o- _ p- - m- d n- s \- t mse Imnt]mbn GIm PohnXw
\bnpIbmWv thXv. Fgppw hmb\bpw Adnbmh Imn GsX-nepw
ac-ns aqSv ISn-p-]n-Snp ac-Ww-hsc \ne-sIm-Wsapw Fgppw hmb\bpw
Adnbph JpB\ns Bibw ISnv ]nSnv \nesImWsav \_n ]Tn-nXns s]mcpfpw AXmWv. AXp-sIm-mWv hnhmlw sNm adn-b-an-s\-bpw,
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-bmb `m-hns\- ^n-Hus\ Hgn-hm-nb Bkymsbbpw hnizmkn-Ifmb ]pcp-jampw kv{XoIpw amXr-I-bmbn Alvcow: 11-12 FSpp--cn-n-cn-p--Xv. AAvdm^v: 3739, lnPv: 59-60, Ilv^v: 23-24 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
A Ilv^v (18)
633
81. Atm Ah-cn-cp-hpw Ah-cpsS \mY hnip-nbn Ah-t\-m
D-a-\pw, IpSpw-_-kvt\-ln Ah-t\-m ASp--ap--h-\p-amb
km-\s {]Zm\w sN-W-sav \mw B{Kln-p.
ico-A-n\v hncp--amb Ccw {]hrnI Amlp t\cnv Ahs
ZqXam-cmb ae-p-I aptJ\ \S-n-em-pXmWv. AmsX a\pjycn\n-p
ZqXamv Ccw {]hr-n-I sN- A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-. CXn\npw Jnfv
ae-m-sWv sXfn-bp-p.
amXm]n-Xm- hnizm-kn-I-fm-b-Xn-\m Ah-tcm-sSmw kzK-n XfpsS
km-\sbpw e`n-Wsa Ah-cpsS B{Klw ]qh-Wn-bn-m IqSn-bmWv ]Xn\v hbv XnI-bm B _mes\ Jnfv sImp-I-f--Xv. ]Xn-\v hbn\papv ac-W-s-SpXv BcpsS a-fm-sW-nepw Ah kzKn-em-sWv \_n
]Tn-n-n-p-v. bqkp^v: 5154 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
82.
Atm B aXn-ens Imcy-tam, AXv B ]-W-nse cv A\mY

_meam-cp-tS-Xm-bn-cp-p. AXn-\p-Xmsg Ahv Ccphp-ap Hcp
\n[n-bpapmbn-cpp, AhcpsS ]nXmhv k-\--fns]h\m-bncp-p. B cv _meamv {]mb--]qn-bm-I-W-sa-pw, Xm-fpsS
dn\np ImcpWy-sa \ne-bn Ah B \n[n ]pd-s-Sp-W-sapw \ns \mY Dt-in-p. CsXmpw Rm Fs kzw
I]\bm {]hn-n-p--X. AXm-Ipp \n\v Ftm-sSmw
an-m Ign-bmsXt]mb kwK-Xn-I-fpsS bmYmyw.
Jp-B-\n sXmq-sm-Xv e--fn ae-p-Isfpdnv ]cm-ain-npv. {]]--ns `cWw GIm-[n-]\pw tkzOm-[n-]\pw km-[n-]\pw {XnIm-em\nbpamb Amlp Xs-bmWv \S-p--Xv. AXv \S-n-em-p-tXm ae-pI aptJ-\-bpw. Xn \S-n-em-p--Xn-\p FmkzmX-{yhpw \njv]--hm-\mb
Amlp ]nim-Nn\v \In-bn-p-v. An-km-Av: 7879, AAvdm^v: 27 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I. krjvSn-Isf _m[n-p c-bp-tStbm in-bp-tStbm Bb Fm
Imcy-fpw apIm-e--fn am{X-a, Fm-epw \S-n hcp-pXv ae-pI aptJ-\-sbmWv. Cm-e--fn \S-p t_mw_v kvt^mS-\w, hml-\m]-I-S-, ap {]Ir-Xn-Zp-c-- Fn-h-bn AI-s--hcn, \n-bn--s PohnXm-h[n ]qn-bm-n-b-hsc acn-n-p-Xpw Nnesc t_m[-c-ln-X-cmbn InS-pXpw apNnesc Imcy-Im-cW_n\v AXo-X-ambn c-s-Sp-p-Xpw aep-I aptJ-\-bmWv. {]]`c-W-ns cl-ky- aev Jnfv aptJ\ Xnco-e-\on aqkmv ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-p-I-bmWv apI-fn ]d kq--fn-eqsS
sNbvX-Xv. C{_m-ln-an\v ZrV-t_m-[y-ap-m-p--Xn\v thn, CtX-t]mse {]]-ns `c-W-c-l-ky- ImWnpsImSp-n-pv Fv ABw: 75 ]d-npv. CXn-\p-th-n-sbmWv apl-Zv\_nsb ico-ct- m-Sp-IqSn kzK-n-tev
sImp-t]m-bXv. Ckvdm-Av: 1 t\mp-I.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
634
Jp-B-\ns Bibw Dn-Sv \c-I-ns ]mdm-hp-Im-cpsS t\Xm-hmb

"amenIv' AS--ap ae-p-I kn-ln-X-cpw ]nimNv AI--s--h-\pambn-cnpw.
\njv]--hm-\mb Am-lp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-bmb a\p-jy-cn \np hnizm-knbmWv ae-p-I-sf-tmepw \nb-{n-p--Xv. Ckvdm-Av: 70 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
"Ppx']cn-N-- Bbn JpB\ns Bi-bs D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p hnizm-knsb
A]m-b-s-Sp-m hcp GsXmcp ]nim-Nns {]Xn-\n-[n-sbbpw, Ah k-cnp hml-\s asmcp hml-\-n\v apn kpPqZv sNn-ntm at-sX-nepw
cq]-ntem ae-p-I ]nn-cn-np-Xm-Wv. Jp-B\
- n Ah-Km-la
- p-h
- ]pWymm--fmb ae-p-I-tfm-sSm--amWv Ncn-p--sXv \_n ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcp
CXp-X-s-bm-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm: 79, lqZv: 120 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Bm-hns `-Whpw hkv{X-hp-amb JpB\ns Bibw Dm-Ip-tm
t_m[w\jvS-s-Sp-n-. Atm A]-ISw kw`-hn-p-I-bpan-. Am-lp-hns kXanmsX Hcmpw acn-m km[y-a-sv Ben-Cw-dm: 145 ]dn-p-v.
"Am-lp-hns k-Xw'Bb Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-an-msX Hcmpw hnizkn-m
km[y-as
- v bq\pkv: 100epw ]dn-p-v. Atm Jp-B\
- ns Bibw "apsslan-'Im-p-kq-n-p-X
- v- B
- bn D-]t- bm-Ks
- -Sp-p hnizm-kn-bpsS acWw Ah
Xs-bmWv \n-bn-p--Xv. Ben-Cw-dm: 102, Xu_: 105, dAvZv: 28, hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
83.
ZpJss\-\n-sb-p-dnpw Ah \ntmSv tNmZn-p-p-htm. \o ]dbpI: At-lspdnp Nne hnh-c- Rm \nv hnhcnpXcnIXs sNmw.
"ZpJss\' Fp-]-d-m cv sImp--h FmWv Aw.

t]jy N{I-hn-bm-bn-cp "tJmd-kn-s\'-bmhmw Dt-in-n-p--Xv. Av
a\pjy\mK-cn-KX \ne-\n-n-cp {]tZ-i--fpsS Ingpw ]Sn-m-dp-a-Sw apgph {]tZ-i
- f
- p-sSbpw B[n]-Xyapm-bn-cp N{I-hn-bm-bn-cpp ZpJss\.
84. \nbw \mw At-l-n\v `qan-bn A[n-Imcw \In-bn-p-m-bn-cpp. \mw Atl-n\v kI-ehn[ kuI-cy-fpw kma-{Kn-Ifpw Hcpn-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-p-m-bn-cp-p.
85.
As\ Atlw Hcp ]cy-S\-w XpSp.
86. As\ Atlw kqcym-kvXa

- be-s-n-bt- m, Ie-nb XSmIn kqcy apnadbp-Xmbn Atlw Ip. AhnsS Hcp P\sbpw Atlw Isn. Atm \mw I]np: Hm
ZpJss\, \n\v Chsc inn-p-Itbm As-n Ch-tcmSv
\-bn hn-p-I-tbm B-hmw.
A Ilv^v (18)
635
kqcym-kvX-a-bew Fp-]-d-Xns Dtiyw, Av a\pjy\mK-cn-KX
\ne-\n-n-cp {]tZ-i--fpsS ]Sn-m-td- Aw FmWv. Cu kq-n kap{Zw
Fp-]d
- b
- m-sX Ie-nb XSmIw FmWv ]d-n-pXv. CXpsImp-t-in-pXv
CuPn-b D-S-tem Icn--Stem Bhmw. Amlp At-l-tmSv ]dp: B
P\-Xsb \n\v inn-p-Itbm As-n Ah-tcmSv \bn hn-p-I-tbm
GXp-amKw thW-sa-nepw kzoI-cnmw. Atm Atlw Am-lphns {]mXn\n[yw hln-p hnizm-kn-bpsS amK-amWv kzoI-cn--sXv XpS-ph-cp kq-fn\npw a\-nemmw.
87.
Atlw ]dp: BcmtWm A{Iaw ImWn-Xv, \mw Ahs\ innpIXs sNpw. ]noSv Ah Xs \mY-\n-tev aS--s-SpIbpw, Atm Ahs \mY thZ-\m-P-\-Ihpw ITn-\-hp-ambin
Ah\v \Ip-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv.
88. Atm BcmtWm kXy-hn-izmkw ssIsIm-p-Ibpw kI

A\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw sNp--Xv, D-a-amb {]Xn-^-e-am-Wv Ah\pXv.
Ah\v \n\n-p Ffp-ap I]-\-I am{Xw \Ip--XpamWv.
89.
]noSv Atlw asmcp ]cy-S\-w XpSp.
90.
As\ Atlw kqtcym-Zb m\sn-b-tm, kqcy Hcp

P\-n\pta DZn-p-b-cp--Xmbn Atlw Is-n. \mam-h-s,
AXnskqcysapn Ahv bmsXmcp adbpw Dm-n-bnpan.
kqtcymZb ew Fp-]-d-m, Av a\pjy\mK-cn-KX \ne-\n-n-cp

{]tZ-i--fpsS Ingtbw Fm-Wv. kqtcym-Zb ka-bv AXns NqtS-dnb {]Imis XS-bm B P\-X-bp-sS-ta Hcp ]-Xtam adtbm Dm-bn-cp-n. am{Xa-, Ahv hotSm IqSm-ctam Dm-p--Xn-\p Adn-hp-ap-m-bn-cp-n-.
91.
A{]Imcw ZpJss\-\n-bpsS ]ep-m-bn-cp-- hnh-c-sfpdnsmw \mw hebwsNbvX-h Xs-bm-Ip-p.
ZpJss\\n `qan-bpsS Ingtb-

- p P\-t- fmSpw Am-lp-hns {]mXn\n[yw \ne-\nn-sm-p s]cp-am--amWv \S-n-bXv. AYhm \ {]hnp--h-tcmSv \-bnepw A{Iaw ImWn-p--h-tcmSv X-Xmb {]Xn-Im-c- \S]Sn-bpamWv Atlw ssIsIm-n-cp-Xv.
92.
]noSv Atlw asmcp ]cy-S\-w XpSp.
636
93.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
As\ Atlw cv ]-X-\n-c-In-S-bn-se-n-b-tm Ch
cp-Iq-scqSmsX asmcp P\-s ImWp-I-bp-m-bn. Ah-cpsS
kwkmcw hfsc _pn-apn am{Xta a\-n-em-m km[n-n-cp-p-q.
cv ]-X-\n-c-I sImp-t-in-p--Xv, Imkv]n-b IS-en\pw Icn--Sen\pw

CSbvv nXn sNp "tImkv' ae\ncIfns]hbm-bn-cn-mw. "Ch cpIq-scqSmsX' F-Xp-sImp-t-in-p-Xv ]Sn-mdpw Ingpap cv hn`mKw
P\-X-sb-q-SmsX Fm-Wv. Ah-cpsS kwkmcw ZpJss\-\nv am{X-a-,
aphpw hfsc _pn-apn am{Xta a\-n-em-bn-cp-p-q.
94. B P\X ]dp: Hm; ZpJss\, \nbw bAvPqPv--a-AvPqPv
hn`m-K
- `qan-bn \mi-ap-m-p-h
- Xs-bm-Ip-p. Rpw
Ahp-an-Sb
- n Hcp aXnsv Dm-n-c
- p-X
- n-\p-thn R
Xmv Iw Xp-sImmw.
Cu P\X Xpn-IfmWv. \qlv \_n-bpsS aI-\mb bmt^ns hwi ]c-c-bns]hcm-bn-cpp bAvPqPv--a-AvPqPv hn`m-K. Ah djy-mcpw ssN\m-cp-am-sWv Icp-X-sSpp. Am-ev Ah Xpn-bn \pg-p-I-b-dp-I-bpw,
hwi\mihpw Irjn\mi-hpw hcp-p-I-bpw, AhnsS AcmP-IXzw krn-p-Ibpw
sNbvXn-cp-p. AXn-\m Ahsc {]Xn-tcm-[n-p--Xn-\p-thn Hcp aXnsv
Dm-n--cp-hm Ah ZpJss\-\n-tbmSv Bh-iy-s-Sp-I-bm-Wv. AXn\v {]Xn^-e-ambn Fv \Im\pw Ah Xm-dm-bn-cp-p. Jp-B-\n bAvPqPv--a-AvPqPv
hn`m-K-sf ]cm-ain-n-p cm-as kqw An-bm-Av: 96 BIp-p. AXv
temIm-h-km-\-n-em-Wv. An-bm-Av: 9596 Amlp ]d-bpp: \mw \in-nnp GsXmcp \mSns Imcy-nepw \njn--am-Wv, \nbw Ah Xncn-p-h-cmXn-cn-p-I-sb--Xv. As\ bAvPqPv--a-AvPqPv hn`m-K- Xpdv hnS-s-Sp-Ibpw
Fm Ipn{]-tZ-i--fn\npw Cd-n-hv \mn{]-tZ-i-n hym]n-p-Ibpw
sNp-Xphsc. Irjn-Ipw hnf-hp-Ipw a\p-jy-hw-i-n\pw \miw hcpphcmWv bAvPqPv- a
- A
- vPqPv hn`m-K
- m-. Ah hnhn-[Ime-L-
- f
- n temIv
hym]n-n-p-ap-v. C\n Ckvemans\ ]q-ambn ambvp-If-bmhcp PqX-]-S-\m-bI ako-lp--men\ptijhpw ]noSv Ip^vdns\ ambvp-I-fv temI-n-se-mbn-Spw Ckvemw \S-n-emmhcp Cukm-\-_nv tijhpamWv bAvPqPv--aAvPqPv hn`m-K
- ]pd-s-Sp-I. Ah IpSn-shw hi-mnbnmbn-cnpw temIv
\mi-ap-m-pI. An-km-Av: 158159, ABw: 158159, CkvdmAv: 104 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
95.
Atlw ]dp: Fs \mY F\nv Hcp-n--np-sXmw \n \Ip-X

- n-t\-m-fpw D-aa
- m-Wv. Atm \n Fs \nfpsS A[zm\wsImv klm-bn-pI, Rm \npw Ahp-anS-bn _en-amsbmcp aXn ]WnXp Xcmw.
A Ilv^v (18)
637
hnizm-kn-I-f-m cmPm--mcpw N{I-hn-amcpw P\--fpsS [\w Ahnln-XambnkzoI-cn-p-I-bmWv ]Xn-hv. AXn\v Inp Ah-k-c- Ah ]mgm-mdn-. Fm ZpJss\\n, Amlp X\nv \Inb kpw IgnhpwXs
[mcm-famWv Fp-]-d-p-sImv Xs A\p-{K- Am-lp-hns amK-n
hn\n- t bm- K n- p- - X n- \ p- t hn Ah- k cw Imn- c n- p- I - b mWv . \n Fs
imcocnI A[zm\wsImv klm-bn-pI Fp]d-p-sImv, P\-pw AXn
]p-sIm-m Ahkcw \Ippap-v. Amlp At-l-n\v \Inb A\p-{Kl P\- v D]- I m- c - { ]- Z - a mb coXn- b n hn\n- t bmKnv Am- l phns
{]oXntXSpI am{X-amWv Atlns eyw. _okvcmn ZqXam- aptJ\
kpsseam \_nv km\w sImSp--b--tm kpsse-am\_n tNmZnXv:
\n [\w-sImv Fs HXp-p-I-bmtWm? F\nv Amlp \In-bXv
\nv \InbXn-t\-m Ghpw D-aamIp-p. A; \n \n-fpsS
km-\-n Duw-sIm-p--h-cm-Ipp(\wev: 35-36). hnizm-kn-I ùXnIt\fn BIr-cm-hp-I-bn-, Am-lp- \Inb A\p-{K-l-v \n-tISv ImWnp--h-cm-hp-I-bpan-. Ah Amlp \Inb Fm A\p-{K-fpw Am-lp-hns\
P\-v ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p--Xn-\p-thn sNe-h-gn-p-I-hgn ChnsS kzKw ]Wnbp--h-cm-Wv. CXv Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]TnpI-bpw, ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXpsImv am{Xta km[n-p-I-bpq. Ben-Cw-dm: 136, Xu_: 73 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
96. \n F\nv Ccp-p-I--I sImp-hcphn. As\ cv aeIn-S-bn-ep hnShv CcppI-IsIm-v \nI-n--gn--tm
Atlw ]dp: Xo DuXnSphn. As\ Xo ]Sv aXn
Npp-]-gp k`-n Atlw ]dp: \n F\nv AXnt Dcpn Hgn-m sNv sImp-hcpho.
Ccp-p-I--I ]nfn-sb-Spv Zzmc-ap-m-m km[n-m--hw sNv
Dcpnsbmgnv H ]nWvU-satmWw ko-I-cn-p(k_-Av: 12- Iqn-hmbnp-I).
97.
Atm ]ns, B aXnsv IbdnS-p-hc

- p-hm Ahv km[nn-, Xpcv Ipgn-bp-mn hcm\pw Ahv km[n-n-.
98.
Atlw ]dp: CXv Fs \mYs ImcpWyw Xs-bm-Ip-p. Fs

\mYs hmKvZkabw hp-I-gn-m AXns\ s]mSn]S-e-amn
\nc-m-p--Xm-Ip-p. Fs \mYs hmKvZw kXy-ambn ]pe-cm\pXv XsbmWv.
ZpJss\\n hnizm-kn-bm-b-Xn-\m "Jnfvdn'-s\-tm-se-s Fm-Im-cyfpw Am-lp-hn-tev tNnd-bp-Xmbn ImWmw. F{X _e-ap aXnsm-sW-nepw Ay-a-Wn-q \S-n-em-Ip-tm AsXmw s]mSn-]-S-e-ambn Xcn-W-am-Ip--Xm-Wv. Ay-a-Wn-q-dm-h-s, kXyambn ]pe-cp hmKvZw Xs-bm-
638
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Ip-p. Cv Ccw aXnsv sImp XS--sfmw hnam-\-ns Ip]n-Sp--tm-Sp-IqSn \on-bn-cn-p-p. bAvPqPv--a-AvPqPn\v am{X-a GXp-\m-pImpw Fhn-sSbpw Cv hnam-\-n k-cn-m-hp--Xm-Wv.
99.
AtZn\w \mw P\-fn Hcp- hn`mKns\ asmcp hn`m-K-n-\pta Xnc-am-e-It]mse tap-ta Cc-n--b-dp-h-cmbn hnSp-Xm-Wv. kzq F Iml-fn DuX-s-Sp--Xpw, Atm \mw
Ahsc apgp-h\pw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p--Xp-am-Wv.
Ay\m ASp-ptm Bpw \nb-{-W-an-msX P\ ]c-kv]cw

ap--h-cp-sS-ta Xnc-am-e-I-sf-tmWw tNt-dp--Xm-Wv. `qan-bn Irjn-Ifpw hnfhp-Ifpw \in-n-epw, cw Nnepw hn-p--Xm-Wv. `qanv BWn-sbtmWw
m]n-n-p ]-X-sfmw Ah-bpsS m\p\ns-Spv Bh-iy-an-m
e-f
- nh-be
- p-If
- pw Ipf-fp-samw Xqva-\p-jycpsS Ic-f
- mXs amn
m]n-p-Xpam-Wv. As\ `qan-bpsS kp-e\w a\p-jy-cpsS Ic-fmXs
\in-n--s-Sp-p. Cukm-\-_n-bpsS ac-W-tm-Sp-IqSn Jp-B-\ns Bibw AW-p-]t- bm-Knv ISn-p-]n-Sn-p hnizm-kn-I Cm-Xmhp-Ibpw As\ {]]s
AXns kp-e-\-n \ne-\nm-\p {Xmkpw Aam-\-pw--D--c-hm-Zn-hpwBb Jp-B\
- ns Bibw Db-s-Sp-Ibpw sNpw. ABw: 157, Alv:
100. AtZn\w Im^ndpIv apn \c-IpWvUs icn-bmbhw
\mw ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xm-Wv.
101. sFln-I-tem-Iv Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw-sIms IpIfnt Hcp
aqSn-bpm-bn-cphcpw, Jp-B-\ns Bibw tIm Ign-bm-h-cp-am-bn-cpp Ah.
"ZnIvco' F-Xn\v Fs kvacW Fpw A-ap-v. ]t kvacn-p-Xv
Ip-sIm F-Xn-\m "ZnIvco' sImp hnh-, Jp-B-\ns Bibw
am{X-am-Wv. Cu kq-n \cIw ASp-n-sSpsav ]d Im^n, Jp-B\ns Bi-bw ImWm Ign-bm-h
- c
- pw tIm Ign-bm-h
- c
- p-amWv. Jp-B\n
Fhn-tSbpw ]d-n-p Im^n-dp-I Jp-B\ns Bibw aqSn-sh-p--h-cpw, Ifhmn Xn--d-bp--h-cp-am-sWv ImWmw. DZm-l-c-W-w: (1)Im^n-dp-I-fpsS ac-W-ka-bw kp-a: 59 hnh-cn-Xv t\mpI: A, \nbw \n\v Fs kq-
hp-In-n, Atm \o AXns\ Xn--d-pIfhm-n. \o AXn\pt\sc Al
\Sn-pIbpw sNbvXp, \o Im^ndpI-fns]-h Xs-bmbncpp. (2)hnNm-c-Wp-tijw Im^ndpIsf Iqw Iq-ambn \c-I-n-tev sXfn--s-Spw. AhnsS
Fp-tXmsS \c-I-ns ]mdm-hp-Im Ah-tcmSv tNmZnpw: \n-fpsS DS-abpsS kq- Xnem-hv sNbvXp-X-cn-I-bpw, Cs\ Hcp-Zn\w A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-
A Ilv^v (18)
639
t-n-h-cp-sav ap-dn-bnv \IpIbpw sNbvXn-cp-, \n-fn\nvXsbp
ZqXam \nv hn-p-m-bn-cp-nt? Ah ]dbpw: AsX, hn-cp-p.
Fm Im^n-dp-I-fmb R-fp-sS-ta inm-hn[n \S-n-em-bn--gnp Fv kpa: 71 ]dnpv. Jp- B apSn- s h Bfp- I acWkabv
kzns\Xncmbnv Rm Im^n-dm-bn-cpp Fv kmywhln-p-XmWv Fv
AAvdm^v: 37 ]dnpv. (3) \c-I-n-tev X-s-Sp Hmtcm kwL-hpw
AXns ]mdm-hp-ImcpsS tNmZyn\v adp-]-Sn-bmbn ]dbpw: Rv ap-dn-bn-pIm hn-cp-p, R \ntj-[n-p-I-f-p. Ah ]dbpIbpw sNpw: Hm! R Jp-B\ns Bibw tIn-cp-s-n, As-n R _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knv
Nnn-n-cp-s-n Cu \c-I
- ns Ah-Im-in-If
- m-Ip-am-bn-cp-n-tm! Fv apv:
611 ]dnpv. (4) Xzmlm: 124-127 , Jp-B-\ns Bi-bs Ah-K-Wnh\v Cl-n CSp-nb Pohn-X-am-Wp--Xv, ]c-n Ahs\ Ipcp-S-\mbn
]p\Pohn-n-v Hcp-an-p-Iq-p--Xp-am-Wv. Atm Ah ]dbpw: Fs \mYm,
F\nv sFlnI Pohn-X-n In\v ImgvN-bp-m-bn-cp-tm? ChnsS FmWv
Fs Ipcp-S-\mbn ]p\Pohn-n-Xv? Amlp ]dbpw: A{]-Imcw \psS kq \n\v hp-In-n, AXns\ \o hnkva-cnv PohnXpsImv Ct-Zn\w \obpw
hnkva-cn--s-n-cn--bm-Wv. (5)kzmZv: 8, \psS CS-bn Atl-n-\mtWm apl-Zn\mtWm Cu ZnIv Cd--s--Xv? A; Ah Fs "ZnIvco'bpsSImcy-n
Xocm kwi-b-n-em-Wv Fv Im^ndpIsfpdnv ]d-n-p-v. (6)AI-_qv: 47-, \psS kq--tfmSv Im^n-dp-I-f-msX hntcm-[w-shv Xn-p-Ibn Fp-w, 49-, \psS kq-tfmSv A{I-an-I-f-msX hntcm[wshv Xnpbn Fpw ]d-n-p-v. 52-, BcmtWm Am-lp-hns\ Jp-B-\n aqSn-shp-I-bpw anYy-bn hniz-kn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv, Aq- Xs-bmWv PohnXw \s--hscv ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 254, AAvdm^v: 40, 179, Xu_: 5, 120, dAvZv: 14,
lnPv: 9, 12, Ckvdm-Av: 97-98 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
102. Atm Ccw Im^n-dp-I IWpIq-p-p-thm, Fs-q-SmsX
Fs ASn-aIsf kwc-cpw klm-bn-If
- p-ambn sXsc-s-Sp-msav?
\nbw Ccw Im^n-dp-Iv \mw \c-I-Kw hncp-mbn Hcp-nsh-n-p-v.
k{km-hns\ Hgn-hm-n-smv, Ahs krn-Isf kwc--Icp-w klmbn-Ifpw ip]mimcpw Ah\ntev ASp-n-p--hcpambn sXsc-s-Sp-p-hscmw Im^n-dp-I-fm-Wv. Acw Im^n-dp-Ip-thn hncp-m-bn-smv \c-IKw Hcp-n-sh-n-p-s-mWv Amlp ap-dn-bnv \Ip--Xv. Ckm: 4,
\nbw Im^n-dp-Iv \mw hf-b-fpw N-e-I-fpw In-bm-fp \c-Ihpw Hcpn-sh-n-pv Fp-]d
-
n-p-v. Jp-B\
- nse apgp-h kq-fpw Am-lp-hmsX
asmcp Cem-lp-an Fv ]cnNbsSpm thn Ah-X-cn-n-n-p--Xm-Wv.
Fncns AXns Bibs Ah-K-Wnp-sImv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb a\p-jyn-im-Np- km[m-cW a\p-jysc \c-I-n-tev ]nSn-p-h-env sImp-t]mhpIbmWv. ^mnl: 7, _Jd: 165167, Xu_: 55, C_vdmlow: 30 hni-Zo-I-cWw
640
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
t\mpI.
103. tNmZnpI: {]hrn-I \-sSph-cmcm-sWv \mw \nv
hnhcw ]d-p-X-sc-tbm?
ChnsS \_n-bmWv tNmZn-p--sX-nepw "\mw' Fp-]-d-n-pXv \_n
Am- l phn- \ p- t h- n- kwkm- c npXpsIm- m- W v . Ilv ^ v : 80 hni- Z o- I - c Ww
t\mpI.
104. Ah-cpsS Cl-nse {]bXv\ eyw-]n-g-n-cn-p-p, Fm
Ah IW-p-Iq-p-p, Ah DXv]m-Zn-n-p-Xv Ghpw \-Xm-sWv.
Ckvdm-Av: 19 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Dtiyw ]ngv ]mgm-bn-tm-Ip
{]h\-v DZm-lc
- Ww: 1). Bi-ad
- n-bmsX Jp-B ]mcm-bWw sNpI:
\_n ]Tn-np: \n Jp-B hmbn-pI, \n-fpsS lrZ-b-hpw hmb-\bpw
_-s-Sp-tm. lrZ-bhpw hmb-\bpw `nn-m hmb\ \nn Fgp-t-pt]mhpI. Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX Jp-B hmbn-nv ]pWy-an-sv am{X-a-, B kabw
sXmbn sNe-h-gn-Xn\v inn--s-Sp-Ibpw sNpw. Bi-b-a-dn-bmsX JpB
HmXp-I-hgn hnn\nv Av sXdn-p-t]m-Ip thK-n Ah Zo\n\nv
sXdn-p-t]m-Ip-sa-pw, a\pjy-cnshv Ghpw Zp Bi-ba
- d
- n-bmsX Jp-B\ns
icocw Xnp ^mPn-dm-sWpw \_n ]Tn-n-n-cn-p-p. Jp-B-\ns Bi-bn\n-mWv ]nimNv XS-bp-I. ^mnl-bpsS BapJw, amCZ: 9091, Alv:
2). Bmhv ]s-Sp-msX I- sNpI: "Amlv' F kvac-Wbn-m Ah--bn-ep \a-kvIm-cw, kmv, t\mv, lv XpS-nb {]h\-sfmw ]nim-Nn\p-Xpw, Ah-sbmw Xnbp-am-Wv. Xu_: 5355 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI. Ahc-h Dt-inv {]hn-Xv am{Xta Hmtcm-cp-p-apmhp-I-bp-q Fv APvav: 39- ]-d-n-pv. Fm An-km-Av: 85--{]-Imcw
A\y-cpsS {]h-\-nsbpw Hcp ]v e`n-p-Xm-Wv. _Jd: 186, An-km-Av:
3). kv{Xo[-\w, B`-cWw XpS-n A\nkveman-I-amb BNm-c- \ne\np-X
- n-\p-thn klmbw sNpI: ]pcpjs _m[y-Xb
- mWv kv{Xov hnhmlaq-eyw, hkv{Xw XpS-nbh \I. An-km-Av: 33 t\mp-I. AXp-sImv
]pcp-jamv hnhmln\v ]Ww \In klm-bn- Ckveman-I-am-Wv, adnv
Cv \ne-hn-ep kv{Xo[\w \I-m klm-bn-pcoXn Ckveman\v hncpamWv.
4). ]n, a{Z-, bow-Jm\ Fnh m]n-epw ]cn-]m-cn-epw: apIme--fn ]n-Ifnepw a{Z-k-I-fnep-samw Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-n-n-cp--Xn\m Ah-\nn-epw ]cn-]m-en-epw Pmcn-bmb kZ-J-\ne-\np Zm\wbn
A Ilv^v (18)
641
s]n-cp-p-sh-n Cv Ah hnhn[ kwL-S-\-I-fpsS Iogn-ep-Xpw Jp-B-\ns
Bi-b-amb kmK-n\nv hyXn-N-en--h-bm-bXn-\mepw ]n-a{Z-- \nmW-n\pw ]cn-]m-e-\-n\pw ]Ww sNe-h-gn-p-Xv JpB\ns Bibs
XS-bp--Xn\v thn ]Ww sNe-h-gn-p--Xn\v Xpy-hp-amWv. Xu_: 1718, 106108
hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mp-I. Atm Cv, Pmcn-bmb kZ-J\ne-\np Zm\wbn
Ds-SpI Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-m\pw {]Ncn-n-m\pw sNe-h-gn- am{Xam-Wv. Xu_: 60, 73 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Nqp-hn-cepw \Sp-hn-cepw Dbn-mWnv Rm\pw A\m-Y-sb kw-c-np-h\pw kzK-n Cs\ ASp-m-bncnpw Fv \_n ]Tn-n--Xns\ ad-bm-n-smv amXm-hns kwc-WwIqSn
AIn A\mYIsf IqSp-X A\m-Y-am-p- bow-Jm-\-I m]n-epw ]cn]m-en-epw \_nsb If-hm-p-Xpw ]mgm-bn-tm-Ip--Xp-am-Wv. An-km-Av: 3, 10
5) t\-h-gn-]m-Sp-I, iIp-\w, cmin, a{w, amc-Ww, CS-tX-w, Pmdw
ki\w apX-em-bh: alm-m--fmb ]pWym-m--fpsS t]cn ]pWyw-In-psav [cnv `-W-km-[-\-fpw apw \on-sh-p-Xpw, Pnv--ssi-m-m-cnep hnizmkw \ne-\np--Xns `mK-ambn sImv\-S-p iIp-\w, cmin,
a{w, amc-Ww apX-em-b-hbpw, ùXn-I-Po-hnX ey- k^-eo-I-cn-p--Xn\v
thn Pmd--fn t]mIp-Xpw ip]mi-I-cmcpw Cm Am-lp-hn\v ip]miI-tcbpw CS-bm-f-m-tcbpw knv CS-tX-SpXp-samw Jp-B-\ns Bi-bn\v hncp--am-b-Xn-\m ]mgm-bn-tm-IpI am{X-a inv Imc-W-am-Ip--Xp-IqSn-bm-Wv. _Jd: 102, ABw: 145 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
6) lrZ-b--fpsS Ah Adn-bp--h-\ Amlp F \b-n-ep
Fm {]h-\-fpw: Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]n]-msX acn-p-t]m-b-hpthn Xu_: 84-, 113 kq--fpsS I]-\-Iv hncp--ambn anv \a-kvI-cnp-I, s]mdp-ens\ tXSp-I, bmko: 70s I]-\-v hncp-ambn acn--hv
JpB HmXn-tn-p-I, J_-dn t]mbn Jp-B HmXp-I-tbm HmXntnm ]Ww sNe-h-gn-p-Itbm sNp-I, Xu_: 34-\v hncp-ambn ]WvUnX
]ptcm-ln-Xamscsmv {]mnn-v Ahsc Xon-tmp-I, acn-p-t]mbhcpsS
Nc-a-Zn\w, \m]Xmw Znh-kw, Nc-a-hmjnIw sImm-Sp-I-, apX-emb {]h-\-sfmw \jvS-s-Sp--h-bm-Wv. adnv Jp-B-\ns Bibw a\-n-emn \bpw
Xnbpw Xncn--dnv, \ {]hn-ptm acn--pt]mbhsc lrZ-b-n kvacnp-Ib
- mWv hnizm-kn-I sNp-I. lrZ-b
- f
- psS Ah-b
- d
- n-bp Amlp AXns
{]Xnêw acn--hv Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p-XmWv. Jp-B-\ns XW-en ChnsS
Hcpan-h am{Xta kzK-n Hcp-an-p-Ib
- p-q. dAvZ:v 20-25 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
Hcm ac-W-s-m, D]-Im-c-{]-Z-amb Adnhv(Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw), PmcnbmbkZ-J\n-e-\np Zm\w, Ah-\p-thn {]mn-p- k-cn-X\mb
km\w Fo aqv Imcy-fmsX Ah\v D]-Im-c-s-Sp-I-bn-. hnizm-kn-bmb
Hcmv am{Xta CsXmw D]-Im-c-s-Sp-I-bp-qshXv {]tXyIw {in-p-I. ]cn-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
ip-mmhv am{Xta kzK-n {]th-in-p-I-bp-q. Pohn-n-cp--Im-ev {]]s AXns kp-e-\-n \ne-\nm Bh-iy-amb {Xmkmb Jp-B\ns Bibw samwa\p-jyv Fn-p-sIm-SppIbpw, av kz-K-n-tepSnv sImSp-pIbpw, As\ Am-lp-hn-t\bpw Jp-B\ns\bpw dkq-ent\bpw Pohn-n-ncp--h-\p-am-bn-cpp Ah. Xu_: 65 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
AXpsImv Ahs ac-W-ti-jhpw Jp-B Pohn-pw. AXns ss]Xr-I-
Ah\v ac-W-tijw e`n-psIm-n-cnpIbpw sNpw. _Jd: 261 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI. \ntj-[n-I-fmbn acn-p-t]m-Ip--hv ]nKm-an-Iv hnt-p-t]m-Ip
Xn-IfpsS hnln-Xhpw e`n-psIm-n-cnp-XmWv. A-lv: 25 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I. AXmWv kq-n "Ah {]hn-p-Xv' Fp-]-d-bmsX "DXv]mZn-n-p-Xv' Fp-]-d--Xv. Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw-sImv am{X-amWv Bm-hns\
ipo-I-cn-m km[n-p-I. lqZv: 17, d-AvZv: 27-28 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
642
Amlp sImp-If
- I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-I Jp-B\
- ns Bibw a\-n-emn
Xnem-hv sNbvXpsIm-n-cpmepw ]pWyw e`np-I-bn-. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I JpB Xnemhv sNp-sav _Jd: 44- ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B-\ns Bi-bs
Pohn-n-p-I-hgn `qan-bpsS Bbpv Hcp \nanjw \om km[n-m BIm-i-`q-an-Ifn-ep k-N-cm-N-c--fp-sSbpw {]m\-bpsS Hcp]v, Dtiyns tXmX-\pk-cnv hnizm-knv e`n-pw. Dtiyw icn-s-Sp-m Jp-B-\ns Bibamb
Adnhv thWw. AAvdm^v: 2, 78 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Npcp--n Jp-B\ns samw Bi-b-n ASn-abpw DS-a-bp-am-bp _w a\-n-emn Pohn-Xn-ep-S-\ofw {km-hns\ kvacn-p-sImv \ne-sIm-m AXv Am-lp-hn-\p
C_m-Z-m-bn. Am-lp-hns\ hnkva-cn-p-I-f-psIm-p PohnXw ]nim-Nn-\p
C_mZpambn. _-Jd: 152 AAvdm^v: 30, 206 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
105. Aq--cmWv X-fpsS DS-a-bpsS kq-sfbpw, Ahs\ Ip-appXnt\bpw \ntj-[n--h. AXn\m Aq--cpsS {]h-\-
]mgm-bn-tm-bn, Atm hn[nZnhk-\m-fn \mw Ah-cpsS {]h\-v bmsXmcp Xqhpw \Ip-X.
AAvdm^v: 89 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Jp-B-\ns Bibs hnkvacnpsImv, ]Xn\v hb-n-\p-ti-j-ap Pohn-X-ns Hmtcm \nan-j-s-pdnpw hn[n-Zn-hkw DS-a-bpsS apn Hbv-sm-v Dcw ]d-tb-n-hcpsa
hkvXpX ad-p-I-f--Xn-\m-emWv {]hr-n-I-sfmw ]mgm-bn-tm-b-Xv. ^pJm:
23-, Ah-cpsS {]h-\--sfmw Ah-cp-sS apn ae-I-sf-tmWw lmP-cm-s-Sp-sa-pw, Fm Ah Am-lp-hn-\pthn am{Xap---hbm--Xn-\mJpB-\ns shfn--n-ep--X-m--Xn-\mImn ]dp s]mSn-]-S-e-satmWw
]mn--f-bp-sav ]d-n-p-v. ABw: 31-33, AAvdm^v: 146147, bq\pkv: 78,
Alv: 64 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
106. AXmIpp Ahp {]Xn-êw! \c-IK
- w, Ah Fs kq-
A Ilv^v (18)
643
aqSn-sh-ncp-Xp-sImpw, Fs ZqXamsc ]cn-lm-k-ambn
sXsc-s-Sp-n-cp--Xp-sIm-pw.
Xu_: 65, lqZv: 8, AIlv^v: 5657, hni-ZoI-cWw t\mpI.
107. \n-bw hniz-kn-p-I-bpw kI- A\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw sNp-hv ^nZukv F kzK-p-tm-p-I hncp-mbn e`n-p-Xm-Wv.
108. Ah-cX
- n \nXy-hm-kn-If
- m-bn-cn-pw. Ahn-sS-\nv amdn-tm-Im Ah
A]wt]mepw B{K-ln-p-I-bn-.
apAvan\q: 19 kq-f
- n, \a-kvIm-c
- n `b-`
- n-bp-h
- c
- pw, hyamb
kwkm-c-fpw Ifnbpw Xam-i-I-fpw Ah-K-Wn-p--hcpw, kwkvI-cW{]h-\ \S-n-em-p--h-cpw, XfpsS Kplym-\- CW-I-fntem kwc--Wm[n-Im-c
- n-ep kv{XoIfn-tem HgnsI kqn-p-h
- cpwhy`n-Nc
- n-m-h
- c
- pw, XfpsS Aam-\-p-Ifpw DS--Sn-Ifpw apdp-sI-n-Sn-p--h-cpw, \a-kvImcw apd-{]Imcw
\ne-\np--h-cp-amb hnizm-kn-I \nbw hnP-bn-n-cn-p-p Fp-]-d--Xn\v
tijw, 10-11 kqfn, Aq--cmWv ^nZukv A\cm-h-Im-i-sa-Sp-p--h,
Ah-c-Xn \nXy-hm-kn-I-fp-am-bn-cn-p-sav ]d-n-p-v.
kzKw tNmZn-p-tm ^nZukv Xs tNmZn-m-\mWv \_n hnizm-kn-ItfmSv Bh-iy-s-n-p--Xv. AXv kzK-nse Ghpw DXn-bnepw a[y-nepw
tI{n-epap ]dp-Zo-k-bm-Wv. Ahn-sS-\n-mWv kzK-nse tX, ]m, Iv
XpS-nbhbpsS \Zn-I-sfmw Bcw-`n-pXv, Ahn-sS-bmWv Am-lp-hns knwlmk-\-ap--Xpw. AXn {]th-in--h kzK-nse ap e-fn-te-smpw
\om B{K-ln-m--hn-[-n A\p-`q-Xn-I \nd--Xm-W-Xv. kPZ: 19-,
Atm hniz-kn-p-Ibpw, kI- A\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw sNp--hv "Pmp aAvhm' A`-b-tI-{-ambn e`n-pw, AXh {]hn--Xn-\p hncp-m-bnmWv Fp]d-n-pv. APvav: 13-14 kq--fn, \nbw apl-Zv, "knZvdp apXlm'-bnshv Pn_vcoens\ asmcp {]mhiyw bYm cq]-n
In-p-sv ]d--tijw 15-mw kq-n, AXn-\-Sp-mWv "P-p
aAvhm'D-sXv ]d-n-p-v. Atm P-p aAvhmbpw, ^nZukpw HpX-s-bmsWpw Ahn-sS-sh-mWv BIm-im-tcm-lW cm{Xnbn {]hm-N-I Amlp-hns\ A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNbvX-sXpw a\-n-em-m-hpXmWv. CkvdmAv: 1
109. ]d-bpI: Fs \mYs hN-\
- FgpXp-Xn-\p-thn kap{Znse
Pewapgph ajn-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-p-IbmsWn AXv Fgpo-cp- X n\pappXs kap- { Z- P ew hn- t m- I pambn- c pp. am{X- a
A{XbpwXs ajn thsdbpw sImphmepw AXv aXn-bm-hp-I-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
644
bn.
epJvam: 27- Amlp ]d-bpp: `qan-bn-ep apgp-h hr-fpw t]\Ifmbpw, kap-{Zhpw AXn-t\m-sSmw Ggv kap-{Z- thsdbpw sImp-hv ajnbmbpw D]-tbm-Knm Am-lp-hns hN-\I-en-am-v Fgp-om km[np-I-bn-. \nbw Amlp k-{]-Xm-]nbpw bpn-m-\nbpw Xsbtm.
Cu kq--fn ]d hN-\- sImp-t-in-p-Xv Jp-B-\ns dqlmWv.
A-lv: 2 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. AXv Jp-B-\ns AhpwPo-h Bib-hpwB-m-hv AS-nb X^vko-dpwhymJym--\w B-Wv. Jp-B-\ns ico-chpw
Ahpw Fgp-Xn-bm Xocp-sa-nepw Bi-bhpw hymJym-\hpw Fgp-Xn-bmepw ]dmepw Xocp-I-bn FmWv Amlp ]d-bp--Xv. aKvcn_v \a-kvIm-c-ti-jhpw
kp_vlv \a-kvIm-c-ti-jhpw aqp-{]m-hiyw ]q-amb Am-lp-hns hN-\sImv Ah krn-n-p Fm Xn-sb-smpw Rm Ah-\n A`bw
tXSp-p Fv {]mn-m \_n ]Tn-n-n-pv. amCZ: 13, Ckvdm-Av: 85, 102
hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
110. ]d-bpI: \nbw Imcyw, Rm \nsf-tm-ep Hcp a\p-jy
am{Xam-Ip-p. \nbw \n-fpsS Cemlv GI am{Xam-sW-v F\nv
Znhy-k-tiw e`nn-p-v, Fm BcmtWm Xs \mYs\ Ip-apWsav {]Xo-n-pXv Atm Ah kI- A\pjvTn-p-Ib
- pw, Xs \mY-\p C_m-Z
- nPohn-X
- n Hcm-sfbpw
]p-tNm-Xn-cnpIbpw sNs.
^pkzn-ev: 6 Amlp \_n-tbmSv ]d-bm I]n-pp: \nbw Rm
\n-sf-tm-ep Hcp a\p-jy am{X-am-Ip-p, \nbw \n-fpsS Cemlv GI\msWv F\nv Znhy-k-tiw e`nn-pv, Atm \n Ah-\ntep amKn t\scsNms \ne-sIm-p-I-bpw, Ah-t\mSv ]m]-tam-N-\w tXSp-Ibpw sNpho. Ahs A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNp--hv \c-I-nse "ssh'
F ITn-\-amb sNcp-hmWp-Xv. Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-an-m-Xv ImcWw Bmhn-m \a-kvIm-c-m-c-mpw "ssh' F ITn-\-amb sNcp-hmWp-Xv Fv
Aam-Du: 45 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. Amlphns Dt-iyn\v hncpamb hn[-n Jp-B hymJym-\n-p--hpw "ssh' F sNcp-hmWp-Xv
Fv _Jd: 79- ]d-n-p-v. BZw apX Ay-\m hsc-bp hnizm-kn-IfpsS GI-kwL-amb Am-lp-hns kwLw kzK-n-tepw apkvenwI-fnse CXc
kwL-S\
- I
- s
- fmw apivcnp-Ifpw \c-I
- n-te-p ]nim-Nns kwL-ns]hcpam-Wv. lqZv: 17 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Jp-B ImWm-, sXmSm-, Inm
CXc P\-X-Isf k-tem-I--fpsSbpw DS-a-bmb Amlp at-sX-nepw temItv Ab-p--Xp-am-Wv. Ilv^v: 100101 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
bmko: 14-17 , Hcp \mn-tev cv {]hm-N-Imsc Abp, B cv {]hmN-Iam-scbpw Ah If-hm-n- Xn--dtm \mw aqm-aXv Hcmsfsmv
A Ilv^v (18)
645
Ahsc in-s-Sp-n. Ah aqp-t]cpw ]dp: \nbw R \n-fn-tev
Ab--s {]hm-NIam-cm-Ip-p. Atm B P\X adp-]Sn ]d-p: \n
R-sf-tm-ep a\p-jy am{X-a-m-sX-b-, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I Hpw Xs Cdn-bn-n-, \n If-hp-]-d-bp--h-c-m-sX-bp-a-. Atm {]hm-NIm Ah-tcmSv
]dp: \psS DS-a-bmb \mY-\-dn-bmw, \nbw R \n-fn-tev Ab-s ZqXam Xs-bm-Ip-pR-fp-sS-ta hy-ambn Fn-pX-cnI FmsX ap _m[y-X-sbm-p-an-Xm\pw. lqZv: 28 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. \msf
hnNm-c-W-p-tijw Im^n-dpIsf Iqw-Iq--ambn \c-I-n-tev hen-s-dn-bsSptm AXns ]mdm-hp-Im Ah-tcmSv tNmZnpw: \n-v Xmo-Xp-Im hnp-mbn-cp-nt? Ah adp-]Sn ]dbpw: AsX; \nbw Rv Xmo-Xp-Im
hn-cp-p, Fm R Xn--d-p. Amlp HpwXs Cd-n-bn-n-,
\nbw \n- hn hgn-tI-SnemsX-b Fv Ah-tcmSv ]-d-bp--h-cp-am-bncpp R- Fv apIv: 6--9 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v.
Fm-Im-epw \ntj-[n-I-fm-bn-p P\X, Ah-sc-tm-ep a\pjysc {]hmN-Iamcmbn \ntbm-Kn-Xv Imc-W-amWv {]hm-N-I-msc kzoI-cn-m-Xn-cp-sXv
Ckvdm-Av: 93-94 hni-Zo-I-c-W-n ImWmw. Fm ap Nne {]hm-N-Iamsc
ssZh-tam, ssZh-]p-{Xt\m Bn Nn{Xo-I-cnp. An-km-Av: 171, Xu_: 30 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I. As\ samw temIw hyXn-N-en-v \in-n--s-tS L-sanbtmgmWv Amlp apl-Zv\_nsb \ntbm-Kn--Xv. B-en-Cw-dm: 103 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI. Ime-{I-taW apl-Zv \_nbpsS P\-Xbpw hyXn-N-enp, F{Xtm-f-sa-m "apl-Zv\_n {]Im-i-m krns--Xm-Wv, \ngen-, aplZv \_n-bpsS cw, aq{Xw XpS-n-b-h ]pWyw-In-p-sav IcpXn A\p-bm-bn-I
IpSn-n-cpp, kv{XoI \_n-bpsS hnbv kpKambn tiJ-cnv D]tbmKnncpp, C{_mlnw \_nsb Xobn-se-dn--tm s]mm-Xn-cp-Xv apl--Zv-\-_nbpsS dqlv DXv sImmWv' Fsmw sIn--av ap P\-X-Itf-m hgn-]n-g-hcmbn XcwXmWn-cn-p-p. Ccw P\Xp ap-dn-bnmbnmWv {XnIm-em-\n-bmb Amlp Cu kqw Ah-X-cn-n-n-p--Xv. Jp-B-\ns Bibn\nv t]mb Cu P\X, Hcp sI ]nP\-X-bmbn A[x-]-Xnn-cn-p-I-bmsWv Jp-B DIm-gvm-Zm-b-Iambn D]-tbm-Kn-m a\-nemm-hp-XmWv.
\_n ]Tn-np: Fs Cu kap-Zm-bn hfsc tKm]y-amb inpw kv{XoItfm-Sp Bknbpw IS-p-h-cp-sav Rm `b-s-Sp-p. Atm A\p-bmbnI
tNmZnp: Xmp-tijw Xm-fpsS kap-Zmbw inv sNp-satm? \_n ]dp:
AsX; Atm Ah kqcy-s\tbm N{s\-tbm, In-s\tbm hn{K-sftbm Bcm[npI-bn-, adnv Ah-cpsS {]hr-n-I P\-sf ImWn-p Xc-n-epXmbncnpw. IqSmsX kznt\mSpw kv{XoI-tfmSpw ITn-\-amb Bk-nbpambncnpw. t\mp-Im-c-\mbn t\cw]pe-cp HcmfpsS Imam-kn ImcWw Ahs
t\mv \-s-Spw.
asmcp {]mhiyw \_n ]Tn-np: sNdnb inv \n-fn IS-p-Iq-Sp-Xv
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
646
Rm `b-s-Spp. Atm A\p-bmbnI tNmZnp: FmWv sNdnb inv

Fp-]-d-m? \_n ]dp: temI-am-\y-am-W-Xv. P\--fn\nv {]Xn-êw
tamln A-c-m-tcmSv, hn[n-Zn-hkw Amlp ]dbpw: \n Bsc ImWn-p-Xn-\p-th-n-bmtWm sFln-I-tem-Iv \n-fpsS I- A\p-jvTn-n-cp-Xpw `b`n \Snn-cp-Xpw, Ah-cpsS ASp-p-t]mbn {]Xn-^-ew Inptam Fv
At\z-jnp-I. \_n hopw ]Tn-np: BcmtWm Fs ImWn-mthn \akvImcw \m-n-o-Xv, Atm Ah Amlphn ]p-tN-h-\m-bn.
BcmtWm Fs ImWn-mthn t\mp-Im-c-\m-b-Xv, Atm Ah Amlp-hn- ]p-tN-h-\mbn. BcmtWm Fs ImWn-mthn Zm\[-
sNbvX-Xv, Atm Ah Am-lp-hn- ]p-tN-h-\mbn. A-c-m Zo\ns\
If-hm-p--h-cm-sWv Aam-Du: 6- ]d-n--p-v. An-km-Av: 3738 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
Amlphn ]p-tNp Ccw \ntj-[n-I tNmZn-p-Xv: Atm
\_n km[mcmW a\p-jy-\mtWm Fm-Wv. DS-a-bmb \mY\v ]qambn ASn-aspsImv Pohn-Xw-ap-gp-h Fs\ Ah\v kan-p-sav {]mtbm-KnI Pohn-Xn ImWn-p-X-cmthn Amlp Ab ZqX-\m-Wtlw. ap a\p-jy-cn\nv
\_n-p {]tXy-IX, Znhy-k-tiw e`n-pp F-Xm-Wv. Fm Hmtcm BWn\pw
s]n\pw Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-s-p-dnv Dcw ]d-bm-\p-Xv DSa-bmb Am-lphns apn am{X-am-Wv. An-km-Av: 48, AAvdm^v: 175-176, 203, Xu_: 6768, 113,
lqZv: 20, Ckvdm-Av: 8687 hniZo-I-cWw t\mpI.
Am-lp-th, Jp-B ]n]-t-hn[w ]n]-m-\pw, \nnte-p GIamKn ASn-bp-dv \ne-sIm-m\pw, Jp-B Rv A\p-Iq-e-ambn kmyw-hln-p hn[-n-epw, Rpthn hmZn-p hn[-nepwR-v FXncm-bn \mYmD]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m\pw Rsf \o A\p-{K-ln-t-W-ta. Jp-B\ns Bibw samw temIv Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p-I-hgn \ns klm-bn-m
Rsf \o XpW-t-Wt- a. AXns\ kXy-s-Sp-n-smv hnNm-cW
- I
- q-SmsX kzKn {]th-in-p--h-tcm-sSmw {]th-in-m Rv \o thpI \tIWta. Jp-B-\ns Bibw Xpem-kmbn D]-tbmK-s-Spn Chn-sS-\n-p-Xs
FmIm-cy-fpw Xqn-t\mn kzKw ]Wn-Xv, ]WnX kzK-n-tev Xncn-p-hcm \o Rsf A\p-{K-ln-t-W-ta, XpW-t-W-ta-Hm IcpW sNp--h-cn
Ghpw \mbn IcpW sNp--h-t\.
647
abw (19)
19. abw
"{Kn \o adnbans\pdnv HmannpI' Fv kqw 16
]cmainXn \nmWv Cu kqdn\v adnbw Ft] e`nXv. abn
Jpssdin {]amWnam, Ckvemw kzoIcn AhcpsS ASnaIsfbpw ap Zpecmb
BfpItfbpw ITn\ambn ]oUnnm XpSnbtm, \_nbpsS \nti{]Imcw
Hcphn`mKw hnizmknI FtXym]ybntev ]memb\w sNbv X p. Jpssdin
{]amWnamcpsS Dhcpw DSbhcpaSw Fm JpssdinIpSpw_fn\npw
Hcmsfnepw B kwLn Dsncpp. CXv AhcpsS tcmjw Bfnnm
CSbmpIbpw XpSv FtXym]ybntev t]mbhsc, AhnSs cmPmhmb
\minsb {]tem`nnv XncnpsImvhcm thn Hcp kwLs AbpIbpw
sNbvXp. Ah \minv hne]nSn km\ \IpIbpw, "RfpsS
ASnaIfmb Ch RfpsS aXtam AbpsS aXtam kzoIcnmsX Hcp ]p
aXw kzoIcnv \mn \nv HmSntmXmWv. AXpsImv Chsc RtfmsSmw
XncnbWw' Fv At]npIbpw sNbvXp. Atm \min hnizmknIsf
hnfnv Imcy Bcmtm adp]Snbmbn PAv^dp_v\p A_oXzmen_v,
kcnmtbbpw blvbmtbbpw adnbans\bpw, Cukmtbbpsamw {]Xn]mZnp
Cu kqdv HmXntnIbmWpmbXv. IcpsImv AXv tIncp
\min Ahkm\w, "CXv tbipsImph hN\fpsS AtX t{kmXn
\npffXv XsbmWv, tbipaninlm CXn ]dXnt\m Hcp
Inpcpns A{Xt]mepw A[nIan' Fp ]dpsImv JpssdinI
\Inb km\ XncnpsImSppIbpw hnizmknIsf AhnsSmaknm
A\phZnpIbpamWpmbXv. hjvtijw \min acWstm
\_nbpw hnizmknIfpw aZo\bn shv anv \akvIcnpIbpmbn. \_nbpsS
PohnXImev lmPdnm ann\pthn \akvIcn GI kw`hamWnXv.
hnizmknIfmb ]pcpjmpw kv{XoIpw amXrIbmbn JpB
FSppcn cv kv { XoIfn (Alv c ow: 1112) Hcmfmb adnbans
XymK]qamb PohnXs hcv ImWnv, \_ntbbpw hnizmknItfbpw Cutcgp
]Xn\mep temIfptSbpw DSabmb Amlphns\ am{Xw B{ibnv
\nesImm ]Tnnpp. BZansbpw \qlnsbpw C{_mloansbpw
kXn]ccIfns] CZv c okv , Ckv a mCu, bAv J q_v , aqkm, lmdq,
kcnm, blvbm, Cukm, XpSnb {]hmNImscmw Ah Xr]vXns
GIPohnX hyhbmb Ckveman \nesImncphcmsWv ]TnnpsImv
temIp Fmhtcbpw B PohnXhyhbntev Wnpp. Amlphns
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
648
GI kwLns B {]hmNImscmw Xs, Amlphns kq

tInsSptm IcpsImv kpPqZn hogphcmbncppshv kqw
58 ]cnNbsSppIbpw, hnizmknI Cu kqw ]mcmbWw sNptm
kmjvSmwKw {]WanWsav ]TnnpIbpw sNpp.
JpB hv I nnbnv Cu GIPohnXamw ]n]mhscbpw,
hnNmcWv tijw kzn t]mIp JpB ]n]n Pohnph
scsbpw ]nimNptfmsSmw \cIn\v Nppw appIpnbhcmbn
lmPdmsSpsapw ]noSv Ahcn\np JpB ]n]n Pohnhsc
kzntev AbpXmsWpw A{IanIsf \cIn appIpnbhcmbn
hnSpXmsWpw 6872 kqfn ]dnpv . Fm Hmtcmcpcpw
]caImcpWnIs apn HbvsmbvmbnmWv sImv hcsSpI Fv 80, 95
kqfn ]dnpv. Im^ndpIfpsS Imcy icnsSpnsmSpp
Xnvthn Im^ndmb ]nimNn\v ChnsS Ahkcw \Inbncnppshv
kqw: 83 ]dnpv . hnizknpbpw B hnizmkw aphv
FnpsImSppIbpw sNphv hnizmknbmb Amlphns ASp
kvt\lhncpv Hcpnshnpsv 9697 epw ]dnpv. CXn\v apv F{Xsb{X
XeapdIfmWv \innsnpXv ? AhcpsS h Ipdnbpw \nizmkhpw
\n\\p`hsSpptm Fv tNmZnv sImv 98 kqfSnb kqdv
Ahkm\npp.
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-amb Am-lp-hns \maw -sImv.
1.
Im^vlmbmAbvkzmZv.
kI- c n- mlmdqblv b mCukm XpS- n- b - h - s c ]cm- a in- p

kw`hNcn{Xw. AAvdm^v: 1 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
2.
\ns \mY Ahs ASna kI-cn-mv \Inb A\p-{K-ls

Hmn-n-p--Xv.
3.
Atlw Xs \mYs\ Dnsbp-n tIW-t]-n k`w.
hfsc Xmgva-tbm-Sp-IqSn i_vZw ]pd-p-h-cmsX lrZ-bw-sImv kan-p-Xn-\mWv "\nZm-Av'tIW-t]-n-pI FXv sImp-t-in-p--Xv. AAvdm^v: 55,
4.
Atlw ]d-p. Fs \mYm Fs FpIhsc _e-lo-\-ambn-gn- p. Xe- b m- s W- n hm[- I y- m \c- _ m[n- p- I bpw
sNbvXncnp-p. Fs \mYm, \ntmSp Fs {]m\ Hcn-epw
Dcw \I-s-Sm-Xn-cp-n-p-an-.
abw (19)
649
5. F\n-p-]n-n-ep Fs A\--cm-h-Im-in-Isfpdnv Rm `b-sSp-p. Fs ]Xv\n-bm-hs hy-bp-am-Ip-p. Atm \ns ]\np Hc-h-Im-insb HuZm-cy-ambn \o F\nv \In-bm-epw.
6.
Ah Fs A\--cm-h-Im-i-sa-Sppw bAvJq_v IpSpw-_-tbpw

A\--cm-h-Im-i-sa-Sppw, Fs \mYm Ahs\ \o \n\v Xr]vXn-s-h-\p-am-t-W-ta.
ab-ans kwc-Wpa-Xe Gn--s kI-cn-m, Imcy-Im-cW _n\v AXo-X-ambn ab-an\v `-W-hn-`-h- e`n-p-Xv I-tm-gmWv X\nv
hm[Iyw _m[n- Ah-bnepw Xs`mcy hy-bm-sW-nepw Hcp-k-m-\s
e`n-p-sa {]Xo--bn-p-sIm-mWv \mY-t\mSv {]mn-n-p--sXv BenCw-dm: 38s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I. F\nv HuZm-cy-ambn \In-bmepw
Fp-]-d--Xns hnh; Imcy-Im-cW _-n\v AXo-X-ambn \In-bm-ep-sam-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm: 37, C{_mlnw: 39 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
\ne-hn-ep A\--cm-h-Im-in-IfpsS Imcy-n Rm `b-s-Spp Fv
]d--Xns hnh; Ah Am-lp-hns ktiw Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p-w FXn
At-l-n\v {]Xo--bp-m-bn-cp-n--sb-mWv. {]hm-N-I-mv A\--cm-h-Imin-I-fn-. Fm kI-cn-, Am-lp-hns ktiw Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xn-\p
Hcp A\--cm-h-Im-in-sb-bmWv Bh-iy-s--Xv. AXmWv Ah Fsbpw bAvJq_v
IpSpw-_-tbpw A\--cm-h-Im-i-sa-Sp-p-sav ]d--Xv. Jp-B-\n ]cm-ain-np ]nXmhpw aI\pw {]hm-N-I-m-cmbn-p Bdv tPmUn-I-fn HmWv kI-cnmbpw blvbmbpw.
7.
Hm kI-cnm, \nbw \mw \n\v blvbm F \ma-n-ep Hcp

]p{X- s \- p- d nv ktm- j - h m \Ip- p. CXn\papv \mw
Hcmpw Cu t]cv \In-bn-n-.
8.
Atlw tNmZnp; Fs \mYm, \nbw F\ns-s-s\-bmWv ]p{X\p-m-hpI! Fs`mcy hybpw Rm\m-sW-n At-bs hm[Iyw _m[n-h\p-ambn-cns?
9.
aev ]dp; AX{]-Imcw Xs-bmWv, \ns DSa CXm ]d-bpp;

AXh\v hfsc Ffp--am-sWv, \nbw \o Hp-a-m Ah-bn\nv \ns krjvSn-n-p-Xv Ah-\m-W-tm.
ChnsS kI-cn-m-\_n t\cnv Am-lp-hn-t\m-SmWv tNmZn-p-Xv. Fm

adp-]Sn \Ip-Xv aev aptJ-\-bm-Wv. Aqd: 51 Hcp a\p-jy-t\mSpw Amlp
kwkm-cn-p--h-\m-Ip-I-bn-, Znhy-k-t-i-am-bntm As-n Hcp ad-bpsS ]nnem-bn-tm, As-n Hcp ae-ns\ ZqX\mbn Ab-ntm AmsX. As\ Ahs
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
650
k-X-tmsS Ah Dt-in-p--Xv Znhy-k-t-iambn \Ip-p. \nbw Ah

AXyp-X
- \
- mb bpn-\
- t- m. lv: 75 \nbw Amlp a\p-jy-cn\npw
ae-p-I-fn\npw ZqX-msc sXc-s-Sp-p-sav ]d-n-p-v. Ben-Cw-dm: 59,
Ckvdm-Av: 70 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
10.
Atlw tNmZnp; Fs \mYm F\n-smcp ZrjvSmw \n-bnv

XcnI. Ah ]dp; \n\- p Zrjv S mw \o XpS- b mbn
aqp\m P\--tfmSv kwkm-cn-m-Xn-cn-pI F-Xm-Wv.
11.
Atlw Xs anlvdm-_n \nv P\-fntev Cd-n-hcnIbpw {]`mX--fnepw {]tZm-j-fnepw Am-lp-hns\ hmgvp-hn Fv AhtcmSv BwKy-`m-j-bn ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Ben-Cw-dm: 37, 41 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
12.
Hm blvbm, {Ks apdpsInSn-p-I. \mw Ah\v ssiihn

Xs XXz-m\w \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp.
bqkp^v: 22 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
13.
\n\np A\p-I
- bpw hnip-nbpw {]Zm\w sNp-Ibpw, Ah
`-\p-am-bn-cp-p.
14.
Xs amXm-]n-Xm-tfmSv ]pWyw sNp--h\pw,

[mjvTy-\mb [nm-cn-bpam-bn-cp-n-.
15.
Ah- s - t a kam- [ m- \ - h p- a pv, Ah P\n\mfnepw acnp\mfnepw ]p\P--\m-fn-epw.
Ah-s\m-cn-epw
Ben-Cw-dm: 39 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.

16.
{K-n ab-an-s\- \o Hmn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-I. Ah kzP-\n \n-Iv Ingp`mKsmcn-Sv Ign-p-Iq-Snb k`w.
17.
Ah-cn\nv Ah Hcp- ad sXc-s-Sp-p. Atm Ah-fn-tev

\psS dqlns\ \mw Ab-p. As\ Ah-fpsS ASpv AXv Hcp]q-a-\p-jy-cq-]-n {]Xy--\m-bn.
\psS dqlns\ \mw Ab-p FXv sImv Dt-in-p-Xv aev Pn_vcoens\

Abp FmWv. Alv: 102 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. "\psS dqlv' FXn\v
"Cukm-bpsS dqlmb Am-lp-hns dqlv' Fpw Bi-b-ap-v. An-km-Av: 171
abw (19)
651
18. Ah ]dp; \nbw Rm \ns-smv ]c-aI
- m-cp-Wn-Is
- \smv
A`bw tXSp-p, \o `-\m-bn-cp-p-sh-n.
19.
Atlw ]dp; \nbw Rm, \n\v hnip--\mb Hcp ]p{Xs\

HuZm-cy-ambn \Ip--Xn\v thn \ns \mY\n\nv \ntbm-Kn-s ZqX-\m-Ip-p.
hnizm-kn-I-fmb ]pcp-j-mpw kv{XoIpw amXr-I-bmbn ab-ans\ FSpp--cn-p-sImv Alvcow: 12-mw kq-n Amlp ]d-bp-p. Xs Kplym\w Imp-kq-n Cwdms ]p{Xn abapw, Atm \mw AXn \psS
dqln\nv Bhm-ln-np, Ah Xs \mYs hN-\-fpw {K-fpw kXys-Sp-nbhfpw hW-p--h-cn s]-h-fp-am-bn-cp-p. ChnsS hN-\-fpw {Kfpw Fv ]dXn hN-\w -sIm-p-t-in-p-Xv An-km-Av: 171 ]d
hN-\-hpw {K- FXv sImp-t-in-p-Xv An-km-Av: 136 hni-Zo-I-cnnpXp-am-Wv. Fm a\p-jy-pw Ah-c-h-cpsS ]nXm--fpsS apXp-In-ep dqlv,
aepI aptJ\ FSp-nv amXm-hns K`-]m-{X-n \mepamkw ]nn {`qWn Bhm-ln-n-p-I-bmWv sNp--Xv. An-km-Av: 1 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
20.
Ah tNmZnp; \nbw F\n-s--s\-bmWv Hcp Ipn-bp-m-hp-I,

Fs Hcp ]pcp-j\pw kv]in-n-p-an-, Rm Hcp Zp\-S-p-Im-cn-bpam-bn-n Fn-cns?
21.
Pn_vco ]dp; AX-{]-Imcw Xs-bm-Wv. \ns DSabnXm ]dbpp; AXh\v hfsc Ffp--am-sWv. Ahs\ \mw a\p-jyv Hcp
ZrjvSm-hpw \n\n-p-smcp Imcp-Wy-hp-am-p--Xp-am-Wv. AXv
hn[n-s Hcp Imcyw-X-s-bmWv.
22.
As\ Ahfhs\ K`w[cn-p-Ibpw, Ah-t\bpw sImv Zqsc-bp

Hcp ev sNs-p-Ibpapm-bn.
23.
{]k-h-th-Z\ Ahsf Hcp Cu--\-bpsS Nph-n-se-n-p. Ah

]dp; Hm Fs IjvSw, Rm CXn\papv acn-p-Ibpw Fs t]cpw
Ipdnbpw hnkvar-X-am-hpIbpw sNbvXn-cp-s-n!
K`w {]Xy--ambnpS-n-b-tm P\- Zp\-S-p-Im-cn-sbv Bt]n-m XpS-n. A-s\-bmWv P\--fn\nv Zqsc-amdn hnP-\-ambev
t]mIm \n_-n-Xb
- m-bX
- v. abw F{X-am{Xw {]bm-ks
- -n-cp-p-shv Cu kqn-eqsS a\-n-emmw. K`w Npa-p--Xn\pw {]k-hn-m-\pap imco-cn-I-amb
{]bmkw am{X-a-, {]k-hm-\--c-ap-m-Im-\n-S-bp kml-Ncyfn-ep am\-knI
{]bm-khpw Ah kln-n-cp-p. BZy amXmhv lmv {]k-h-k-a-bv klm-bnbmbn BZ-ap-m-bn-cp-p-sh-n ab-ans Imcy-n a\p-jy-cn \nphcmcpw
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
652
Xs klm-b-n-\p-m-bn-cp-n-. Cl-tem-Iv Ghpw IqSp-X XymKw kln-hv Xs-bmWv ]c-tem-Iv D-X-m\w e`n-p-I. k-tem-I-kv{Xo-Ifn ab-an\v t{ijvS-]-Zhn \In-bXpw AXp-sIm-p-X-s-bm-Wv. Ben-Cw-dm:
24.
Atm Pn_vco AhfpsS Xmgv`mKp\nv hnfn--dn-bn-p. \o

ZpxJntXn. \ns\mY \n\pXmsg Hc-cphn Hgp-nbn-cnpp.
25.
\o B Cu--\- Ip-ep-pI. AXv \n\v ]mI-amb Cu-gw

hogvn--cp--Xm-Wv.
Imcy-Im-c-W-_--n-\-Xo-X-ambn {]hn-p Amlp, Cu-gw

Imbvm Imev Cugw \Im\pw, Acp-hn-bn-m ev Acphn Hgpm\pw Ign-hp ]cn-ip--\m-Ip-p. _Jd: 33, Ben-Cw-dm: 37 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
26.
Atm \o Xnp-Ibpw IpSn-p-Ibpw IIp-fn ssIsIm-pIbpw sNp-I. a\p-jy-cn\nv Bsc-sb-nepw \o ImWp-I-bm-sWn \o Ah-tcmSv ]d-bpI; \nbw Rm ]c-aI
- m-cp-Wn-I\v au\{hXw
t\n-cn-p-Ib
- m-Wv. AXp-sImv Rm C-t-Zn\w Hcp-a\
- p-jy-t\mSpw
kwkm-cn-p--XXs.
27.
]ns Ipn-tbbpw sImv Ah Xs P\-X-bn-tev hp. Ah

]dp; Hm abw, \nbw \o hniz-kn-m ]m Hcp-Im-cyhpw
sImm-Wtm hn-p--Xv.
28.
Hm lmdq-Wns ktlm-Z-co, \ns ]nXmhv Hcp Zpjn a\p-jy-\m-bn-cpn-, amXmhv Hcp Zp\-S-p-Im-cn-bp-am-bn-cp-n--tm.
AXm-bXv \ns amXm-]n-Xm-sfmpw t\h-gn-bn\nv sXn No-h-gnbn k-cn-p--h-cm-bn-cp-n-. \obm-hs lmdq IpSpw-_-nse km\-]-c-c-bns]-hfp-am-W-tm! ]ns \n\-n-sXp ]n? B P\-Xv Cs P\Xsbtmse Am-lp-hns Imcy-Im-cW
- _
-
-
- -Xo-Xa
- mb Ign-hp-If
- n-em-bn-cpp
hnizm-k-an-m-Xn-cp--Xv.
29.
Atm-f-h Ah\ntev -Nqn. Ah tNm-Znp; sXmn-en InSp Hcp inip-hn-t\mSv R Fs\ kwkm-cn-m-\mWv?
Ben-Cw-dm: 46, amCZ: 110 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
30.
Ah ]dp; \nbw Rm Am-lp-hns ASn-a-bm-Ip-p. F\n-
abw (19)
653
-h {Kw \In-bn-cn-p-p. Fs Ah \_n-bpamnbn-cnp-p.
31.
Rm Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cpmepw Ah-s\s A\p-{K-lo-X-\p-am-n-bn-cnp-p. Rm Pohn-n-cn-p-n-S-tmfwImew \a-kvIm-cw sImpw

kmv sImpw Ah-s\s Dun-D-]-tZinp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cnpp.
32.
Fs am- X m- h nt\mSv ]pWy- n hn- phm\pw. Ah- s \s

[mjvTy\mb Zu`m-Ky-hm-\m-n-bnpan-.
33.
Rm P\n-\m-fnepw Rm acn-p-\m-fnepw Rm ]p\Po-hn-nsSp-\m-fnepw Fs-ta c-bpap-v.
15mw kq-n blvbmbpsSta kam-[m-\-apv FmWv ]d--sX-n

ChnsS c-bpv FmWv ]d-n-p--sXv {]tXyIw {in-p-I. c FXv
Am-lp-hns DIr-jvS-\m-a--fns]-Xm-sWv liv: 23 ]d-n-p-v.
Ftmgpw Amlp IqsS-bp-- Cukm\_nsb ]nimNv kao-]n-pIt]mep-an. am{Xa ]nim-Nmb ako-lp--mepw apIm^n-dp-Ifpw Cukm-\-_nbpsS izmtkm-Ozmkw
Gp-tm Xs Dcp-In-\i
- n-p-X
- pamWv. At-l
- ns izmtkm-OzmkamIs
ZrjvSn-]-Xn-bp Zqc-t-s-p--Xp-am-Wv. An-km-Av: 158159, Ilv^v: 50 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
34.
AXm-Ipp ab-ans ]p{X Cuk, GsXm-cp-hs Imcy-n-emtWm

Ah kwi-bn-p-sIm-n-cn-pXv Ah-s\-p-dn-p kXy-h-N\w.
Ben-Cw-dm: 60, bq\pkv: 108, lqZv: 17 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
35.
Hcp km-\s kzoI-cnpIsb-Xv Am-lp-hn\v tbmPn--X

Xs. Ah AXo-h]
- c
- n-ip-\
- m-Ip-p. Ah-s\m-cp- Imcyw Dt-in-m
AXn-t\mSv ]d-b-embn; "Dm-hp-I'-sbv. Atm-gXv Dm-hp-I-bm-bn.
ABw: 101103, Alv: 40 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
36.
\nbw Ftbpw \n-fp-tSbpw DSa Am-lp-hm-Ip-p. Atm

\n Ah\v thnam{Xw Pohn-p--h-cm-hp-I. AXm-Ipp t\scsNm-s-bp amKw.
Ben-Cw-dm: 47-51 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
37.
Fm Ahn-S-bn `nn-p-mbn hnhn[ kwL- DS-se-Spp. Atm Im^n-dp-I-fmb Iqv kmy-w h-ln-p-- B `b-
654
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
c\m-fn \c-I-nse "ssh' F sNcp-hm-Wp--Xv.
BZw apX Ay-\m hsc-bphv Am-lp-hns kwL-amb GI-kwL-amWv Amlp Xr]vXn-s-n-p--Xv. Cukm-\_n bS--ap Fm-\-_n-amcpw
hnizm-kn-Ifpw B kwL-n-em-Wp-Xv. \_n-bpsS Ime-v Jp-B t{ImUn-I-cn- s - S m- - X n- \ m, AXn- \ p- a pp {K- n `nnv hnhn[ kwL- fmbnncnh-cmWv Im^n-dp-I. Fm Jp-B t{ImUo-I-cn--Xn\v tijw
{]tXy-Inv Cm-ev Jp-B-\n `nnv hnhn[ kwL-S-\-I-fm-bn-o apkvenw
IfmWv Im^n-dp-I-fn s]Sp-I. An-km-Av: 140, lqZv: 17, 103, Ilv^v: 110 hni-ZoIcWw t\mp-I.
38.
\n-tev sImphcp--Zn\w Ah \ns {inv tIp-Ibpw

ImWp-Ibpw sNp-X
- m-Wv. Fm CtZn\w Cu A{I-an-I hyamb hgn-tI-Sn Xs-bm-Wv.
ChnsS Cl-tem-Iv shv Jp-B-\ns Bibw tIm\pw ImWm\pw

Ah-kcw Inn-bnv AXn\v Xm-d-m A{I-an-Ifm-bn-ph, a-c-W-k-a-b-st]mse hn[n-Zn-h-k\mfnepw Jp-B-\ns Bibw ImWm\pw tIm\pw km[nn-cp-s-n F{X-\-m-bn-cp-p! {]hm-N-Is amKw sXc-s-Spn-cp-p-sh-n
F{X-\-m-bn-cpp! Fv hne-]n-p-sav ^pJm: 27-29 ]d-n-p-v. \cIw
ASp-n-p B Zn\w a\p-jy\v t_m[yw-hcpw, Ah Jp-B-\ns Bibw D]tbm-K-s-Sp-n-bn-cp-s-n F{X-\-m-bn-cp-p! Rms\s PohnXw shdpsX
Iftm Fh hne-]n-p--Xp-amWv Fv ^Pv: 2324 ]d-n-p-v.
Ah \c-I-ns ]mdm-hp-Im-tcmSv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpw: Hm R Jp-B\ns Bibw tIn-cp-s-n, As-n _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knv Nnn-n-cp-p-shn Cu In-bm-fp \c-I-ns kl-hmknIfmIp-am-bn-cp-n-tm Fv hne]n-p cwKw apv: 10epw ]d-n-p-v. Ct-Zn\w \ns ZrjvSn-bpsS apI-fnep Bh-cWw \mw FSp-p-I-f-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv, Atm Ct-Zn\w \n\-v
Fmw XojvW-ambn ImWm km[npw Fv Jm^v: 22 ]d-n-p-v. Ilv^v:
49, 57, 100-101 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
39.
hn[n-In--s-Sp-tm tJZn-m CS-h-cp Znhk-s-p-dnv

Ahsc \o XmoXv \Ip-Ibpw sNp-I. Ah A{i--bnepw
Ahnizm-kne-pambn ChnsS Ign-p-Iq-Sphcm-Ip-p.
Jp-B-\ns Bibw hp-In-n-bnv {Xmkmbn AXns\ D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m-h, B {XmkpsImv hn[n-I]n--s-Sp Zn\-n tJZn-p-Xpw, AhcpsS Fm-{]-h-\-fpw ]mgm-bn-tm-b-Xmbn Ahv a\-n-em-IpXpam-Wv.
hnizm-kn-I-f-m--Xn-\m Ah-cpsS I-sfmpwXs kzoI-cn--s-Sp-Ibnsp-am-{Xa Ah-cpsS tIhn, Imgv, sXmen-I, _pn-in XpS-n-bhsbmw Xs Ahs-Xn-cmbn kmyw hln-p--Xpam-Wv. AAvdm^v: 7-8,
abw (19)
179, Ilv^v: 103106 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
40.
655
\nbw `qan-tbbpw AXn\v ap-I-fn-ep GsXm-cp-h-t\bpw A\--csa-Sp-p-I \mw Xs-bm-Ip-p. Ah-scmw aS--s-Sp-Xpw \ntev Xs-bm-Ip-p.
Amlp BIm-i-`q-an-Isf Cm-bva-bn\nv krjvSnpIbpw AXn BZyw

{]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn Pnp-I-sf \ntbm-Kn-p-Ibpw(lnPv: 27 t\mp-I) ]ns a\pjysc Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn \nbn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah Xs {]mXn\n[yw hln-msX \miw hnX-p--hcm-bn amdptm Ahsc \in-nv ]pXnb
Xe-ap-dsb krjvSn-p- Ncy-bmWv Am-lp-hn-t-sXv ABw: 133s hni-ZoI-c-W-n hmbn-p-I. krjvSm-hns {]mXn-\n[yw hln-p hnizm-kn-I,
Ah-cpsS `qan-bn-ep \ntbmKw Pohn-X-ns \memw LamsWpw Ggmw Ln-\p-thn kzKw ]Wn-bm\pXmsWpw a\-n-em-n ey-t_m-[-tm-SpIqSn ChnsS {]hnp-XmWv. AhtcmSv A\--cm-h-Im-i-ambn kzKw GsSp-p-sIm-pI Fv ]d-b-s-Sp-sav AAvdm^v: 43 ]d-n-p-v. ]co--Wim-e-bmb `qan-bn Ahv h-Zp-cn-X-fpw {]Xn-k-nIfpw kw`hn-m Ah
"\nbw RXs Am-lp-hn\nv h-hcpw Ah-\n-tev Xs Xncn-pt]m-tI--h-cp-amWv' Fv BKXw sNbvXv a-tbmsS hn-p--Xm-sWv
_Jd: 156 ]d-n-p-v. Xu_: 51, Ilv^v: 48 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
`qanbpw AXn-\p-ap-I-fn-ep--Xp-samw Amlp A\--cm-h-Im-i-ambn GsSpp--Xn-\m, {]]w AXns kp-e-\-n \ne-\nm-\p {Xmkmb JpB-\ns Bibw aqSn-sh-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ipw Ip^v^m-dp-Ipw `qan-bnep k-k-pfpw A{X-th-sdbpw Inn, AXp-sImv hn[n-Zn-hk\m-fnse
inv sXw sNm-savshm Ah-cn\n-Xv kzoI-cn-p-I-bn- Fv BenCw-dm: 91, amCZ: 36, bq-\pkv: 54, dAvZv: 18, kpa: 47 kq--fn-se-mw ]d-npv. kpa: 67, apAvan: 16 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
41.
{K-n C{_m-loans\ \o Hmn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-I, \nbw

Ah kXy-k--\mb \_n-bm-bn-cp-p.
kXy-k--\mb \_n Fv ]d-m Jp-B-\ns\ kXy-s-Sp-p--h-\mbn-cpp Fw. ^mXnl: 6, Alv: 120 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
42.
Atlw Xs ]nXm-hn-t\mSv ]d k`w, Hm ]nXmth tIpItbm ImWp-Itbm sNm, Xmsmcp {]tbm-P-\hpw sNm- hkvXpsf Xm tkhn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--sXn\v ?
R C{_m-lo-an-tbpw Ckvam-Cu-en-tbpw ]mX-bmWv ]np-S-cp--sXv

hymP-hmZw \S-n-bn-cp amapivcnp-I-sf C{_mlo-ans bYm Pohn-X-Ncy
Jp-B-\n-eqsS Hmnnm\mWv Amlp apl--Zn-t\mSv Bh-iy-s-Sp-Xv. AXp-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
656
hgn Ay-\m hsc-bp Fm-a-\p-jy-tcbpw Hmn-n-pp. Fm Cv JpB-\ns Bibw auC-f-mbn D]-tbm-Kn-m, Cu kq--sfmw ]mcm-bWw
sNp apkvenwI Fm-cw-Kpw, As am-apivcnp-I-tf--m hgn-]n-g-h-cmsWv Jp-B-\ns\ kXym-kXyDc-pw DmgvZmb-I-hp-ambn D]-tbm-Ks-Sp-p-h
- v ImWm km[n-pw. AAvdm^v: 158, 175176 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
43.
Hm Fs ]nXm-th, \nbw Xmv hpInn-bn-nm Adnhn\nv NneXv F\nv hpInn-bn-p-v. AXp-sImv Xm Fs

]n]-p-I, Rm Xmsf t\sc sNms-bp amK-n \bn-mw.
AdnhpsImpw t\sc-sNm-s-bpamKw sImpw Dt-in-pXv Jp-B\ns Bi-b-am-Wv.

44.
Hm Fs ]nXm-th, Xm ]nim-Nns\ tkhn--cpXv. \nbw ]nimNv

]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is\ [n-cn--h-\m-Ipp.
]nim-Nns\ tkhn-p-I-sbv ]d-m ]nim-Nns\ klm-bn-pI, ]nimNns\ Pohn-n-p-I, ]nim-Nn\p Xr]vXn-bp {]h\- sNpI Fs-mamWv Bibw. "Amlv' F t_m[-an-mtmsgmw Hcm ]nim-Nns\ tkhnp-- Ahbnem-bn-cn-pw. AAvdm^v: 172173, Xu_: 67, Alv: 100 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
45.
Hm Fs ]nXm-th, \nbw ]c-aI

- m-cp-Wn-I\
- n\n-p in Xmsf
_m[n-p-sav Rm `b-s-Spp, As\ Xm ]nim-Nns IqpIm-c-\m-bn-o-cp-sapw.
46.
Atlw tNmZn-p. \osbs Cem-lp-I-tfmSv {]Xym-i-b--h-\m-bn-cnp-p-thm? \o hnc-an-n-n-s-n Rm \ns Fdn-tm-Sn-p-w.

\o Fs shSnv Zqsc-tm-hpIXs thWw.
]nimNv Iqp-Im-c-\mbno ]nXm-hn\v kzw aIs\ ]pd-m-mt\m Fdntm-Sn-mt\m bmsXmcp ssha-\-kyhpapmbn. Xu_: 810 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
47.
C{_mlow ]d-p, Xm-v kam-[m-\w. Rm Fs \mY-t\mSv

Xmv thn s]mdp--ens\ tXSpI-Xs sNpw. \nbw Ahs\-tmSv hfsc I\n-hp--h-\m-Ip-p.
a-bn Ah-X-cn-n-n-p kq--fn-semw C{_mlow Xs ]nXm-hn\v

thn s]mdp--ens\ tXSn-bncp-Xmbn ]d-bp-p-s-nepw, aZo-\-bn \_n-bpsS
abw (19)
657
Ah-km-\-Im-e-L--n Ah-X-cn- Xu_: 113114 , ]nXm-hn-\p-thn s]mdp-ens\ tXSn-bXv sXmsWv a\-n-emnb C{_mlow Amlphnt\mSv tJZnp
aS-n-b-Xmbn ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B-\ns Bibw Adn-npw aqSn-sh-p a\pjy-n-im-Np--fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ipthn s]mdp--en-s\-t-Sp-Itbm anv
\a-kvI-cn-p-Itbm sN-cp-sXv Xu_: 84 ]d-n-p-v. Xu_: 73, 123 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
48.
\n-tfbpw Am-lp-hn-s\-q-SmsX \n hnfnp {]mn-p-Xn-t\bpw Rm shSn-bpIbpw sNpp. Rms\s \mY-t\mSv am{XamWv hnfnp{]mn-p-Xv. Fs \mYs\ hnfnv{]mn-pIhgn
Rm Zu`m-Ky-hm-\m-hp-I-bn-sv {]Xo-n-p-p.
49. As\ Atlw Ah-tcbpw Am-lp-hn-s\-qSmsX Ah tk-hnn-cp--Xn-t\bpw shSn--tm \mw At-l-n\v HuZm-cy-ambn
Ckvlm-Jn-t\bpw bAvJq_n-t\bpw \In. Fm Hmtcm-cp--tcbpw
\mw \_n-amcp-am-n.
C{_mlnw: 39 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
50.
Ahsmw \mw \psS Imcp-Wy-n\nv HuZm-cy-ambn \IpIbpw \mw AhcpsS \mhp-I D--X-amb kznZvJvk-Xyw- ]-d-bp-Xmp-Ibw sNbvXp.
kq- n]d ImcpWyw FXpsImpw D- X - a mb kXyw

FXpsImpw Dt-in-p-Xv Jp-B-\ns Bibw Xs-bm-Wv. Ccw kq ]mcm-bWw sNp hnizm-kn-I Cs\ {]mn-t--XmWv; Am-lpth, Rsf Jp-B-\ns Bibw sImv k-\--fmb \ns ASn-a-I-fn
tNt-W-ta. Am-lpth, Rsf \o kznZvJns\ kXy-s-Sp-t--hn[w kXys-Sp-p kq-va-X-bp--hcm-t-W-ta. ABw: 8890, bq\pkv: 5758 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mp-I.
51.
{K-n aqkmsb \o Hmn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-I, \nbw Atlw

Am-lp-hn\v thn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-\m-bn-cp-p. {]hm-N-I\mb
\_n-bp-am-bn-cpp.
Atlw Am-lp-hn\v thn am{Xw Pohn-p--h-\m-bn-cp-p FXns

hnh; Am-lp-hns\ am{Xw tkhn-p--h\pw Ahs\ am{Xw klm-bn-p-h\pw \S---fnepw Ccp---fnepw InS-p-I-fnepw "Amlv' F t_m[-n
\ne-sIm-p--h-\p-am-bn-cpp Fm-Wv. Ccw Am-lp-hns {]tXy-I-m-cmb
ASn-a-Isf ]nimNv ]mn-em-p-I-bn- Fv kzmZv: 8283 ]d-n-p-v. Xu_: 33,
bqkp^v: 24 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
658
52.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
\mw At-ls "Xzq' ]-X-ns heXp`mKp\nv hnfn-pIbpw cl-ky-kw-`m-jW
-
- n-\mbn \n-tev ASp-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
53.
\apsS Imcp-Wy-n\nv At-l

- ns ktlm-Zc
- lmdq\ns\ \_nbmbn \n-bnp sImSp-p-I-hgn At-l-tmSv \mw HuZmcyw ImWnp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
54.
{K-n Ckvam-Cu-ens\pdnpw \o Hmn-n-p-I. \nbw

Atlw hmKvZw kXy-s-Sp-p--h\pw {]hm-N-I\mb \_n-bp-ambn-cp-p.
55. Atlw Xs IpSpw-_mw-K--tfmSv \a-kvImcw sImpw kmv

sImpw In-p--h\pw Xs \mYs ASp- Xr]vXn-s--h\p-am-bn-cp-p.
Alvcow: 6 hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv, \n \n-tfbpw \n-fpsS IpSpw_mwK-tfbpw \c-I-n\nv cn-pI Fv I]n-n-p-v. Xu_: 11
\akvImcw \ne\npIbpw kmv \Ip-Ibpw sNp-Xphsc, Hcmfpw Zo\n
\n-fpsS ktlm-Z-c\m-hp-I-bn Fv ]d-n-p-v. AXp-sImv \a-kvImcw
sImpw kmv sImpw IpSpw-_mw-K-sf In-p-I-sb-Xv hnizm-kn-IfpsS _m[y-Xb
- m-Wv. BZy-amZyw ASp-Sp _p-t- fm-SmWv Jp-B\n Bibw
sImv ap-dn-bnv \tI--sXv Ap-A-dm-Av: 214 ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 177,
56.
{K-n CZvcokn-s\-p-dnpw Hmn-n-p-I. \n-bw Atlw

kXy-k--\mb \_n-bm-bn-cpp.
57.
\mw At-ls D-X-amb m\-tv Dbp-I-bp-ap-m-bn.
kq-n \mw "At-ls' Dbp-I-bp-ap-mbn Fv ]d-Xn

\npw ico-c-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn--s-bmWv CZvcokv \_nsb \memw BIm-i-tv
Dbn-bXv Fm-Wv. apl-Zv \_n-bpsS kzKm-tcm-lWkabv CZvcokv
\_nsb \memw BIm-iv shv Iv kw`m-jWw \S-p-Ibpmbn-pv. Ankm-Av: 158159, CkvdmAv: 1 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
58. Aq--sc-m-am-Ipp BZw k-Xn-I-fn\nv Amlphns A\p{K-ln\v hnt[-b-am-bn-p \_n-amcn\np Nne, \q-lns
IqsS I-en hln-n-h
- c
- n\n-p Nne, - C
- {- _m-ln-an-tbpw C{kmCu-en-sbpw km-\--fns Nne, \mw kamK-n-em-pIbpw sXc-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-p--h-cn\n-p Nne; ]c-aIm-cp-Wn-Is kq- Ahv hni-Zo-I-cnpsImSp-m DSs\
abw (19)
Ah I-cpsImv kqPq-Zn hogp--Xm-Wv.
659
apJ-hpc: Ncn-{Xw, AAvdm^v: 206 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.

59.
Atm Ahp-tijw \a-kvImcw ]mgm-n--f-bp-Ibpw tZtl-I ]n]-p-Ibpw sNp Hcp hn`mKw ]nKm-an-Ifmbn hcn-Ibpw
sNbvXp. ZpamK-ns ]cn-WnXn Ah Ipapp-I-Xs sNpw.
60. ]m-]n-v aSp-Ibpw hnizmkw ssIsm-p-Ibpw B hnizmkw

ap-h
- v Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p {]hrn-bn apgp-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXh-s\m-gn-sI, Atm Aq-
- kzK-n {]th-in-n-s
- -SpXmWv,
Ah Hcp-hn-[-nepw A\o-Xn-Im-Wn-s-Sp--h-cm-Ip-I-bp-an-.
hnizmkw cq]-s-SpI Jp-B-\ns BibwsImv am{X-am-Wv. hnizmkw
ap--hv Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p {]hrn-bn apgp-Ip-I Fv ]d-m JpB-\ns Bibw ap-h
- v Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p {]hr-n-bn apgp-IpI FmWv.
AXmWv \n-fn Ghpw D-a Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-pIbpw sNp--h\m-sWv \_n ]Tn-n--Xns s]mcp
61.
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I Xs ASn-a-I-tfmSv AZr-iy-ambnsmv hmKvZm\w

sNbvXnp \nXym-\p-{K-l
- f
- S-
- nb kzK-q-tm-p-If
- n, \nbw
Ahs hmKvZm\w \S-nemhm-\pXv Xs-bm-Wv.
AZr-iy-am-bn-smv hmKvZm\wsNbvX kzKw Fv ]d-m Jp-B\

- ns
Bi-b-n\nv I kzKw FmWv hnh-. _Jd: 3, CkvdmAv: 102 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
62.
AXn Ah "kam-[m\w' FmsX ap- s]mfnhN-\-sfmpw

tIp-I-bn-. Ah-Xn {]`mXfnepw {]tZm-jfnepw AhcpsS `-W-hn-`-h-fpapv.
63.
\psS ASn-a-I-fn Am-l-phns\ lrZ-b-n kqnv Pohn-ncp-hv \mw A\--cm-h-Im-i-ambn \Ip kzK-am-W-Xv.
64. \ns \mYs I]-\-{]-Im-c-a-msX R Cd-p-I-bn-. RfpsS apn-ep-hbpw R-fpsS ]nn-ep-hbpw Ah-bvn-S-bn-epaphbpw Ah-\p--Xm-Ip-p. \ns \mY HpwXs ad-p--h\p-am-bn-n-.
660
65.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
_Jd: 255, Ilv^v: 2324, 80 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
BIm-i--fp-tSbpw `qan-bp-tSbpw Ahbvv cn-\p-an-S-bn-ep--h-bptSbpw DS-a, AXp-sImv \o Ah-s\-am{Xw tkhn-p-I. Ahp
tkh-\-n ASn-bp-dv \ne-sIm-p-Ibpw sNp-I. Ah\v kam-\ambn am-cp-tS-sb-nepw t]cv \n\--dn-bmtam?
66. a\p-jy tNmZn-p-Ibpw sNpp; Rm acn-pI-gn-m Poh-\ph\mbn hopw Rm sImp-h-c-s-SpIXs sNp-satm?

67.
a\p-jy Hmn-p-n-tbm? \nbw, apv Ah Hp-a

- m Ah-bn\nv \mamWhs\ krjvSn-Xv Fv.
68.
Atm \ns \mY-\mWv kXyw, \mw Ah-tcbpw ]nim-Np--tf-bpsamw ]p\Po-hn-nsmcp-anpIqp-IX

- s sNpw. ]ns \c-IIpWvTn\pNppw \mw Ahsc app-Ip-n-b-hcmbn lmP-dm-pIXs
sNpw.
69.
]ns Hmtcm hn-`m-Kn\npw ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-t\mSv Ghpw IqSp-Xembn [mjvTyw ImWn--hsc Ducn-sb-Sp-p-I-Xs sNpw.
70.
]ns Ahsc BscbmWv BZy-amZyw \c-I

- n-tev Fdn-tb-s
- Xv
\apvXs Adn-bmw.
71.
\n-fn-emcpw Xs AXn-\-Spv hcm--hcmbn CXs. \ns

\mYsbSpv ]q-ambn \S-n-em-m Xocp-am-\n-XpXs-bm-WXv.
72.
]ns \mw Ah-cn Am-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn-ncp-hsc

c-s-Sp-pIbpw B{I-an-I-fm-bn-cp--hsc app-Ip-n-b-h-cmbn
AXn shSn-bp-Ibpw sNp--XpamWv.
Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n \nv \cIw ChnsS \npXs Iv, a\-m-hm-Nm--IWm AXn\n ImW-cp-sXv eyw shv \ne-sIm-p, hnNm-c-W-bnmsX kzK-n {]th-in-p km_nJo- Hgn-sIbphscsbmwXs
\c-I-n-\p-Nppw AXnse inm-I-tTm-c- ImWn-p--Xn\pthn -sIm-p-h-cs-Sp--Xm-Wv. Fm Jp-B-\ns Bibw ]n]nPohn-n-cp `-msc
AYhm hnNm-c-Wvtijw kzK-n-tev \bn--s-Sp--hsc, B \cIw ImWnp-sIm-Sp--tijw kzK-n-tev c-s-Sp-p---Xm-Wv. Jp-B-\ns Bibw
hp-In-n-bnv kzbw D]-tbm-Kn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw ap--hv D]-tbm-Kn-m sImSpm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp A{I-an-Isf B \c-I-n app-Ip-nb Ah--bn
abw (19)
661
Fdn-bp--Xp-am--Wv. Jp-B-\ns Bibw hf-sm-Snv Am-lp-hns t\sc-sm-sbpamKs {]bm-k-I-c-am-n-op I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I hnNm-c-W-bn-msX
\c-I-ns ASn--n-tev t]mIp--Xpam-Wv. An-km-Av: 145, Xu_: 125 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
73.
\psS hy-amb kq- Ahv hni-Zo-Ic

- nv sImSp-p-tm
\ntj-[n-I-fm-b-h hnizm-kn-I-fm-b-h-tcmSv tNmZn-pIXs sNpw,
\mw Ccp-hn-`m-K
- n BmWv D-aa
- mb m\-am--\-fp-s
- Xpw
BmWv henb BIq-s hnfn-p-tNmkm-[n-p-I-sbpw.
Fm-e
-- p-ap \ntj-[n-I-fpsS kz`m-h-amWv apI-fnse kq-n hc-pIm-Wn-p--Xv. Jp-B-\nse aqn-semv kq- hcmt]mIp ap-dn-bn-pI-fm-Wv. FmBbn-c-nepw Hp-am-{X-amWv kzK-n-te-p--sXpw _mn sXmm-bn-cnsXmq-sm-Xpw \c-I-n-tep-Xm-sWpw A-n-km-Av: 118,
AAvdm^v: 18, bq\pkv: 99, lqZv: 118119, lnPv: 43, Ckvdm-Av: 6263, Ilv^v: 2829 XpSnb kq-- Dcn-p-sImv, hnizm-kn-I Im^n-dp-Isf DWp-Xm-Wv.
AXp-sImv Hmtcm-cp-cpw Jp-B-\ns samwBibw {Xmkmbn D]-tbm-K-sSpn Ah-c-h B Hn s]--h-cmtWm Fv ChnsS shp-Xs Xocp-am-\n-W-sav ]d-bp-tm; Jp-B-\ns icocw Xnm ]pWyw Inp-sav ]qXn-sh-pIbpw \a-kvI-cnv t\m-\p-jvSnv \cIw ]ng-bmbn hmpIbpw sNp Cm-ep \ntj- [ n- I v ]d- b m- \ p- Xpw kq- n ]d- Xp- X - s - b mWv .
AAvdm^v: 4849, 175176, Xu_: 73, \lv: 64, Ckvdm-A:v 9798 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
74.
Chp-apv F{X-sb{X Xe-ap-d-I-sf-bmWv \mw XpSv amn-bn-p-Xv.

Ah Ch-tc-m km[-\-km-a-{Kn-I-fpw _mly-tam-Sn-I-fpw Dh-cmbn-cpp.
^pn-ev: 15, BZv kaq-Zm-b-s-p-dnv Amlp ]d-bp-p. Atm

BZv \ymbw IqSmsX `qan-bn Al--cn-p-Po-hn-p. R-tf-m i-m-cmbn
Bcm-Wp-Xv Fh tNmZnpIbpw sNbvXp. Ahsc krjvSn Amlp Ahtc-m i-\m-sWv Ah a\-n-em-p-n-t. Ah \psS kq--tfmSv
hntcm[w shv Xn-p--h-cp-am-bn-cp-p. kPZ: 26 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. AAvdm^v:
69,74 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
75.
]d-bp-I, BcmtWm hgn-tI-Sn-em-bXv Atm ]c-aI

- m-cp-Wn-I Ahs\
hgn-tI-Sn-tev Ab-p-hn-Sp-p. As\ Ah-tcmSv hmKvZw sNsncp in As-n Ay-\n-anjw Ah t\cn ImWp-Xv
hsc. Atm Ah Adn-bp-I-Xs sNpw, BcmWv No-m-\p--sXpw BcpsS ]S-bmWv Ghpw _e-lo-\-am-b-sXpw.
Ay-\n-anjw sIm-p-t-in-p-Xv hyn-I-fpsS Imcy-n ac-Whpw
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
samw-a-\p-jy-cpsS Imcy-n temIm-h-km-\-hp-am-Wv. AAvdm^v: 37, 40, Xu_:
662
76.
BcmtWm Jp-B-\ns Bibw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-Xv Ahv

Amlp kamw hn-nv sImSp-p-XpamWv. _mn-bm-Ip
kI--fm-Ipp \ns \mYs ASp- D-a-amb {]Xn-êw
e`n-p-Xpw XncnpsNm Ghpw Daam-bXpw.
Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-amWv kmKhpw hnizm-khpw hn-n-m-\p D]I-cW

- s
- av bYm-{Iaw _Jd: 120121, A^m: 2-4 kq-f
- n ImWmw. GsXmcp
{]hr-nbpw \njv]--hm-\mb Am-lp-hns ASpv kzoIm-cy-am-Ip--Xn\v, JpB-\n\np Hcp kq-w As-n kq-`m-K-sa-nepw sXfn-hmbn Dm-bncn-W-sav An-km-Av: 174175 ]d-n-p-v. ]c-tem-Iv "lJvkXyw' Bb
Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-amWv {Xmkmbn D]-tbm-Kn-pI F-Xn-\m, ChnsS AXv
{Xmkmbn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m--hv AhnsS {]h-\-v `mcw e`n-p-Ibn-sv Ilv^v: 103106 kq--fn hnh-cn-n-p-v. _Jd: 186, Alv: 64,
Ckvdm-Av: 1315, Ilv^v: 46 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
77.
Atm \psS kq-sf aqSn-sh--hs\ \o In-tbm? Ah

]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp: F\nv kpw km-\--fp-samw \Is-n-cn-p-p Fv.
Fm-e
- p-ap I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-If
- psS hmZ-KX
- nbm-Wn-Xv. Xu_: 5355, Ilv^v:
78.
Ah AZr-iy- Fn-t\m-n-bn-ptm AtXm ]c-aI

- m-cp-Wn-Is
ASp Ah\p h DS--Sn-bp-aptm?
79.
Hcn-e
- p-a
- , Ah ]d-bp-s
- Xpw \mw tcJ-s-Sp-pI Xs sNpw.
Ah\v \mw in- e`n-m Ah-kcw \on-sm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp-Xm-Wv.
80. Ah ]d-bp--sXmsA[n-Im-c-fpw kpw km-\--fp-samw \mw Xs A\--c-sa-Sp-p-Ibpw Ah Hmbn \psS ASp sImp-h-c-s-Sp--Xp-am-Wv.
ABw: 94, Ilv^v: 48, abw: 40 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
81.
Ah Am-lp-hns\qSmsX ap Cem-lp-Isf sXc-s-Sp-ncnpp, Ah Chv {]Xm]w \Ip--Xn\v thn.

Alv: 2, 36, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. kpa: 3 Am-lp-hns\qSmsX
abw (19)
663
ap kwc--I-msc sXc-s-Sp--h, Rfhsc tkhn-p-Xv Ah Rsf
Am-lp-hn-tev ASp-n-p--Xn\v thn-b-msXb F \b-n-em-Wv. \nbw
Ah `nn hnj-b--fn Amlp Ahn-S-bn Xocp-am\w In-p--XmWv.
\nbw Amlp \pW-]-d-bp, \ntj-[-n-\p-ta \ntj[w ssIsm-p Hcph-t\bpw kmK-n-tev \bn-p-I-bnXs Fv ]d-n-p-v. Fm-e-pap \ntj-[n-I-fpsS kz`m-h-amWv CsX-n, Cv Ccw kq--sfmw ]mcmbWw sNp apkvenwI-fmWv at-sXmcp P\-X-tb-mfpw Am-lp-hn\v CS-bm-fm-tcbpw ip]mi-m-tcbpw kzoI-cn-p--Xv. ss]im-Nn-I-amb Ah-cpsS Pohn-XcoXn m]n-p--Xn\pthn Jp-B kq- hf-sm-Sn-p-Ibpw, {]hm-NIs thj-`q-jm-[n-I [cnv {]hm-NI
- s\ sImmsX sImp-Ib
- p-am-Wh
- sNpXv.
^mXzn: 10 BcmtWm {]Xm]w At\zjn-p-Xv, Atm {]Xm]w apgp-h
Am-lp-hns ]-em-Wp-Xv AXn-\m {]Xm]w th-h Ah-t\mSv At\z-jns. ]cn-ip hN-\-fpw Ah kmy-s-Sp-p kI-fpw Ah-\n-tev
Ib-dn-tmIpp. Xn-bvmbn KqV-X{w {]tbm-Kn-p--hv thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb
in-bp-v. Ah-cpsS KqV-X{w Ahs-Xn-cm-bn-s Xncn--Sn-p--XpamWv. Ben-Cw-dm: 78, AAv-dm^v: 175176 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
82.
Ch Ahsc tkhn-p-sIm-n-cp--Xns\ Ah \ntj--[n-pIXs

sNpw. Ah ChcpsS FXn-cm-fn-I-fmbnocp--Xp-am-Wv.
bq\pkv: 2829, 66, Alv: 2029, C{_mlnw: 2122 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
83.
\o In-stbm, \nbw \mw ]nim-Np-sf \ntj[nI-fpsSta Abn-p--Xv, Ah Ah-cpsS Imcy- icn-s-Sp-n-sm-Sp-p--Xn\v

thn.
Ckvdm-Av: 64 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. _Jd: 34, kzmZv: 74 Fo kq-fn ]nimNv Im^n-dp-I-fns]-h-\m-sWv ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B-\ns Bi-bn\nmWv ]nimNv a\p-jysc XS-bpI. AXphgn Ahs hoSmb \c-I-ntev P\-sf hen-n-gv sImp-t]m-Ip--Xm-Wv. kpa: 59 {]Imcw, Jp-B
kq- hp-In-n-bnv Xn--d-bp-Ibpw AXp-sIms Fmw XnI-s-h-scv
Al--cn-p-Ibpw sNp--hcpsS ac-W-k-a-bv "\o Im^n-dp-I-fns]-h Xsbm-bn-cp-p-sh-v' Amlp Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp--Xm-Wv. AAv-dm^v: 40 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI. Im^n-dp-If
- psS {]h-\
- ]nimNv Ahv Ae-m-ca
- mnsmSppsapw Am-lp-hns amK-amb Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-n \nv Ahsc XS-bp-sapw ABw: 43, \wev: 24, k_-Av: 20Fo kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. JpB-\ns Bibw hf-sm-Sn-p apkvenw kwL-S-\m-t\-Xm-fpw AXns\ Xn-d-bp Ah-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw ac-W-k-a-bv R Im^n-dp-I-fm-bn-cpp
Fv kz-n-s\-Xnsc kmyw hln-p--Xm-sWv ABw: 130epw AAvdm^v: 37--epw ]d-n-p-v. AAv-dm^v: 27, 175, Xu_: 125, Ilv^v: 100101 hni-Zn-IcWw t\mp-I.
664
84.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Atm- \o Ah-cpsS Imcyn [rXn-s-tS-, \nbw \mw AhcpsS Ah[n Fn-sm-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv.
bq\pkv: 11, 49, 65 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
85. Hcp-\m-fn ap-Jo-sf \mw ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is ASp--tev AXnYn-I-fmbn Hcp-anv Ipp--Xm-Wv.

BmtWm Jp-B-\ns Bibw hp-In-p-Ibpw AXns\ kXy-s-Sp-t-hn[w kXy-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXXv Aq Xs-bmWv ap-Jo-s
- fv kpa:
33 ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 38, abw: 76 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
86.
{`m-msc \mw Zmlnp-h-e-hcmbn \c-I-Ip-WvUn-tev sXfnp--Xp-am-Wv.

ABw: 55, C{_mlnw: 49-51, Ilv^v: 53 hniZo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
87.
iq]miv A[n-Im-cw- e`np-Ib

- n, BmtWm ]c-aI
- m-cp-Wn-Is
] DS-Sn \ne-hn-ep-Xv Ahsm-gn-sI.
AAv-dm^v: 172- ]d DS-Sn ]menv Pohn--hv am{Xta iq]mi e`np-Ib

- pq. hnNm-cW
- b
- n-msX kzK-n {]th-in-p-- km_n-Jo-v am{Xta
iq]mi sNm A[n-Imcw e`n-p-Ibpq. bq\pkv: 3, 100 hni-Zo-Ic
- Ww t\mpI.
\_-Av: 38 dqlpwPn_vcoepw ae-p-Ifpw AWnbWn-bmbn \np Znhkw
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I kXw sImSp--h-\-msX Hcmfpw kwkm-cn-p-I-bn-, BcmWv
kXyw ]d-Xv Ahs\mgn-sIbpw. Xzmlm: 109, k_Av: 23 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
88.
Ah ]d-bpIbpw sNp-p, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I Hcp km-\s sXcs-Sp-n-cn-p-p Fv.
\njv-]-hm-\mb Amlp km\s sXs-Sp-n-cn-pp Fv ]dbp-h\pw Im^n-dmWv. amCZ: 72, 116120, Xu_: 30 hnZ-io-I-cWw t\mp-I.
89.
\n-b-w \n sImp-h-n-cn-p-Xv `b--chpw Ak-l-\o-b-hpamb Hcp-Imcyw Xs-bm-Ipp.
90.
AXp- BIm-i- s]mn-n-f-cp-Ibpw `qan hnp-Io-dp-Ibpw ]-X s]mSn]-S-e-ambn Xcn--W-am-hpIbpw sN--Xm-Ip-p.
91.
Ah ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\v km-\-ap-sv hmZn-p-Xn\m.
92.
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\v Hcp km-\s sXc-s-Sp-p-I-sb-Xv tbmPntX A.
abw (19)
665
93. \nbw BIm-i--fnepw `qan-bn-ep-ap Fm Hcp-h\pw ]c-a-Im-cpWn-Is apn ASn-a-bm-bn--msX hcp-n-.
An-km-Av: 172-173 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
94.
\nbw Ah Ah-sc-sb-m-h-tcbpw Fn--W-mpIbpw Xns-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p.
95.
hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn Ah-sc-m-hcpw Hbvsmmbn Ahs apn

sImp-h-csSp-Xpam-Wv.
AAvdm^v: 6, abw: 80 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
96. \n-b-w hniz-kn-p-Ibpw kI- sNp-Ibpw sNp--h-cp-tm, Ah-tcmSv ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I kvt\l-n hn-p--XmWv.
Cv "kI- A\p-jvTn-pI' Fv ]d-m Jp-B-\ns Bibw
ap- P\Xv Fn-p-sIm-Sp-pI FXm-Wv. AXp-am-{X-amWv Am-lp-hns\
tkhn-p-Ibpw klm-bn-p-Ibpw sNp {]hr-n. JpB\ns Bibw {]]w
AXns kp-e-\-n \ne-\nm-\p {Xmpw Aam-\-pw--D--c-hm-Zn-Xz-hpwB-b-Xn-\m, {]]--n-ep FmNcm-N-c-pw \njv]--hm-\mb ]c-a-Im-cpWn-Is\ kvXpXn-m\pw hmgvm\pw Ah-kcw Hcp-n-sm-Sp-pIsbXv Amlp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn \ntbm-Kn--s a\p-jy-cpsS _m[y-X-bm-Wv. AXn-\p-]Icw a\p-jy "Amlv' F kvac-W-bn \ne-\n-Xv sImtm \a-kvI-cn-Xv
sImtm t\m-\p-jvTn-Xv sImtm Ah\v ]p{X-m-sctbm CS-bm-f--sctbm
ip]mi-m-sctbm Pnv Ahsc Bcm-[n-p-Xv sImtm Ah-sc Io\w
\S-p-Xv sImtm Ahsc {kjvSm-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn `qan-bn \ntbm-Kn-Xns ZuXyw ]qh-Wn-bp-n-. Ja: 5455 Amlp ]d-bpp; \n-b-w apJo- kzK-q-tm-p-I-fnepw Acp-hn-I-fn-ep-am-Wv. Ah kznZvJvJp-B-\ns
Bibw BIp CcnnSn ki-\mb cmPm-[n-cm-Ps ASpv Ccn-p-Xp-amWv. Am-lp-hns Iv temIv FnpsImSp-p-I-hgn `qan-bpsS
Bbpv \om\p ey-tmsS {]hn-p-sIm-n-cn-phsc Amlp IpSpw_-ambn kzoI-cn-n-p-sv \_n ]Tn-n-n-p-v. Alv: 61, abw: 60-61 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
97.
Atm \nbw \mw AXns\Jp-B-\n-s\ \ns \mhn\v hfsc

Ffp--am-n-cn-p-p. \o ap-Jo-vX-fpsS Ihyw \nln-p--hvAXp-sImv ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-p--Xn\pw
IpXn-If
- mb P\-Xsb AXp-sImv XmoXv \Ip-X
- n\pw thn.
Xzmlm: 113 Iqnhm-bn-p-I. C{_mlnw: 4, Alv: 103, hni-Zo-I-cWw

t\mpI.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
98. Chp-apv F{X-sb{X Xe-ap-dI
- s
- f-bmWv \mw XpSp\on-bn-p-Xv!
Ah-cn\np Bcp-tS-sb-nepw hIpdnbpw \o ImWp-ptm?
As-n Ah-cpsS h \niz-mkhpw \o tIp-p-tm?
666
sXm-Sn-If
- mb I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-Iv F{X- {]-Xm-]hpw {]i-kvXn-bp-ap-s-nepw
Ah-cpsS t]cpw Ipdnbpw ss]Xr-I--fp-samw \mam-h-ti-j-am-bn-tm-Ip--Xm-Wv.
CXn-\p-hn-cp--ambn ^n-Hu-\ns icocw, ]nc-an-Up-I, XmPva-l XpSn A]qw
NneXv Amlp \nev\nnbnpsnepw, Ah-bn\nsmpw ]mT-apsmv
P\- hnizm-kw icn-s-Sp-p-Itbm [nm-ck
- z-`mhfn\nv amdn-\np-Itbm
sNp-n-. Fm hnizm-kn-I, Ah Pohn-n-cp-Xv- F{XImew -apm-sWnepw Ah F{XZp_-e-cm-bn-cp-p-sh-nepw ]nIm-ev, Ah-cpsS hnizm-k[mTyhpw t]cpw Ipdnbpw ss]Xr-I-fpsamw amXr-Im-]-c-ambn \ne-\np-Xp-am-Wv. Ilv^v: BapJw Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. -Alv: 26, dAvZv: 31, 42, Ckvdm-Av: 16,
abw: 74 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Xzmlm (20)
667
20. Xzmlm
Hm Fs ZuXy-n-\mbn sXc-s-Sp-n-p ]cn-ip-\m-bn-p--ht\
Fv aplZv \_nsb Hmw kqn, A`nkwt_m[\w sNpXn
\nmWv kqdn\v Xzmlm Fv t]cv e`nXv. 1213 kqfn aqkmsb
]cnipamb Xzphm Xmgvhcbnshv A`nkwt_m[\wsNbvXv kwkmcnpIbpw
ZuXyn\v t hn sXcsSppIbpw sNbv X Imcyw ]dnpv . 122mw
kqn eyt_m[w \jvSs BZans ]mXm]w kzoIcnv ZuXyn\v
thn sXcsSp Imcyw ]dnpv.
abn \njvTqcamb a\ klnhmsX Hcp hn`mKw hnizmknI,
FtXym]ybntev ]memb\w sNbvXXns\ XpSv Jpssdin {]apJ\mb Da,
aplZns IYIgnpXnvthn DucnnSnhmfpambn CdnpdsSpI
bpmbn. hgnv s hv Hcm, \ns ktlmZcnbpw `mhpw aplZns
hebn AIsncnpp, AXvsImv BZyw t\scbmtXv AhscbmWv
Fv ]dXns ASnm\n Da t\sc ktlmZcnbpsS honsen.
Atm Ah ]mcmbWwsNbvXpsImncpXv Cu kqdmbncpp. AXns
Bibw Dadns\ hmsX kzm[o\np. XpSv Atlw \_nbpsS ASpv sNv
Ckvemw kzoIcnpIbmWpmbXv.
aqkm^nHu kw`hNcn{Xw hniZambn {]Xn]mZnp Cu kqdn,
^nHu hnfnpIqnb amcWmcpsS a\xcnh\n \npw XpSp
hnizmk{]Jym]\n\npw hnizmkZmVyw Dsmv {]hmNI\pw
hnizmknIfpw Ddv \nWsav DWpp. AXn\pthn Av t\cs
\akv I mcw IrXy\njv S tbmSpIqSn \ne\nWsapw hnizmknIfmb
IpSpw_mwKsf AXn\pthn t{]cnnWsapw Inpp.
kzntep Snmb JpB\nsBibs AhKWnm Cln
IpSpmb PohnXhpw \nyXbpamWpsXpw, ]cn Ahsc Ambn
]p\ohnnv \cIn HcpanvIqpsapw apdnbnv\Inbnpv. R
\nycpw ]XnXcpambn ]oUnnsSpXn\vapv, {]Xm]hpw inbpw {][m\w
sNp Hcpshfn]mSpwsImv Hcp {]hmNIs\ AbmXncpXv FmWv Fv
BhemXn]dbm CShcmXncnm\mWv , aplZns\ JpB\pwsImv
AbnpXv. AXvsImv BcmWv JpB\nsBibw D]tbmKsSpn
t\scsNmtbpamnepsXpw BcmWv hgntISnsepw AdnbpXnv
\nImncnpI Fv apdnbnv\Insmv 135 kqfSnb kqdv
Ahkm\npp.
668
1.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
]caImcp-Wn-I\pw IcpWmhmcn-[n-bp-amb Am-lp-hns \maw sImv
Xzmlm.
Hm Fs ZuXy-n-\mbn sXc-s-Sp-n-p ]cn-ip-\m-bn-p-h

- t\ Fv
aplZv\_nsb A`nkwt_m[\w sNpIbmWv.
2.
\o \n`m-Ky-hm-\m-Imthn \mw \ns-ta Cu Jp-B Cd-nbnn.
\o Da-dn-\m h[n--s-Smthntbm Ducp-hn-e--s-Smthntbm ap-h-cm ]gn--s-Smthntbm A Cu{Kw \ns ta \mw Ah-X-cn-n-np--Xv. Am-lp-hns\ `b-s-Sp--h Jp-B-\ns BibwsImv DWsSpIXs sNpsapw Zu`m-Ky-hm-m Jp-B-\nsBi-bs shSn-bp-IXs
sNpsapw AAvem: 1011 ]d-n-p-v. Ass: 15-16 kq--fn Jp-B\ns Bi-bs Xn-d
- b
- p-Ibpw AXn\nv ]nXn-cn-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNp
Zu`m-Ky-hm-m-c-msX Bfn--n-sm-ncn-p \c-I-n thhn-sSp-I-bn
Fpw ]d-n-pv. An-km-Av: 56, Xu_: 6768, lqZv: 105107 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
3.
Am-lp-hns\ `b-s-Sp--hnXv Hcp Sn--m-sX-b-.
\n-b-w \o DWpI Jp-B-\nsBibw ]n]-p--hsc am{X-am-sWv

bmko 11 ]d-n-p-v. AAvdm^v: 2, lqZv: 120 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
4.
BcmtWm `qanbpw D-X-amb BIm-ihpw krjvSn-n-p-Xv, Ah-\n

\nm-Ip-p CXv Ah-X-cn-n-npXv.
{]]w AXns kp-e-\-n \ne-\nm-\p {Xmkpw Aam-\-pamWv Jp-B-\ns Bi-bw. ABw: 157, AAv-dm^v: 158 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
5.
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I, knwlm-k-\n D]-hn-jvS-\m-bn-cnp-p.
kPZ: 4, BImi-`q-an-I-tfbpw Ah-bvn-S-bn-ep khkvXptfbpw

Bdp-\m-fp-I-fn krjvSn--h-\mWv Am-lp. ]ns Ah knwlm-k-\
-- n-ep-]-hnjvS-\mbn Fv ]d-n-p-v. Xs ASn-a-I-fpsS Ip--sfmw hebw sNm
AhXs aXn Fv ^pJm: 58- ]d-X
- n\v tijw 59 GsXm-cp-h\
- mtWm
BIm-i`- q-an-It- fbpw Ah-bvn-Sb
- n-ep a\p-jy-cS-
- a
- p k-hk
- vXp-t- fbpw Bdv
\mfp-I-fn-embn krjvSn-p-Ibpw ]ns knwlm-k-\-n D]-hn-jvS-\m-hp-Ibpw
sNbvXXv, Ah ]c-a-ImcpWnI\mWv. Atm \o Ahs\pdndnbp--Xn\v JpB-\ns hni-Zo-I-c-W-a-dn-bp--h-tcmSv tNmZn-p-t\m-p-I. Ben-Cw-dm: 7 hni-ZoIcWw t\mp-I.
]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I a\p-jys\ Jp-B ]Tn-np Fv Adlvam: 14 ]d-
Xzmlm (20)
669
n-p-v. "-knwlm-k-\-n D]-hn-jvS-\mbn' Fv ]d--Xns hnh; BIm-i`q-an-Itfbpw Ah-bvn-S-bn-ep khkvXptfbpw ey-tm-Sp-IqSn krjvSn
Ah, AhXs AXns \nb-{Ww Gs-Spp Fm-Wv. Ah Dd-hpw
ab--hp-an-msX Fmw ]Xn-bn-cpvhonpsImn-cn-p-I-bp-am-Wv. {]]--n
\S-p Imcy--sfmw Ah Iw]yq--ssdkv sNbvXv Hcp UnkvIn AhsbSpv kqn-p. AXmWv Fmw hoi-Zo-I-cn-n-p Alv: 89 ]d JpB-\ns Bi-bw. AXv kzKnshp-Xs Ahs {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn \nbn-m t]mIp a\p-jyv ]Tn-npsImSp-p. kzK-n-te-p GIhgnbpw
\c-I-n-te-p hnhn[hgn-IfpwAS-nb Jp-B-\nsBibw ]Tn-nsa\pjy\v cm-semcpamKw sXc-s-Sp-m-\p kzmX{yw \In-bnpv Fv
Ckm: 3, _eZv: 10, Awkv: 8 XpS-nb kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. _Jd: 28,
{]]w \ne-\nm-\p {Xmkmb Jp-B-\ns Bibw a\p-jys\
]TnnXv sImmWv a\p-jys Imcy-n \njv]-Xm kz`mhw Amlp
ssIsIm--Xv. sXm-Sn-I-fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-f-msX Jp-B-\ns Bibw aqSnsh-p-I-bn-sv _Jd: 99- ]d-n-p-v. Ah Am-lp-hns dlvam--\n-jv]-hm--F KpW-\m-a-n hniz-kn-m--h-cm-sWv AAvdm^v: 150-s hniZoI-c-W-n ]d-n-p-v. Jp-B-\ns samw Bi-b-n Pohn-p Hcp a\pjy `qap-J-s-hn-tSbpw CmsX hcp-tmgmWv Cu temIw Ah-km-\n-p-I Fv
ABw: 47s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I. Alv: 61, Ilv^v: 9899 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
6.
BIm-i--fn-ep Fm-Hpw `qan-bn-ep Fm-Hpw Ahbv-v cn\pan-S-bnep Fm-Hpw ]mXm-f-n\pXmsgbp Fm-Hpw Ah\p--Xm-Ip-p.
"-]mXm-fw' -Fw sImSp-n-cn-p-Xv "Ydm' F ]Z-n-\m-Wv. Ggv

BIm-i--fp-Xvt]mse Ggv `qan-I-fp-ap-sv AXz-emJv: 12mw kq-n ]dn-p-v. Ggv BIm-i-n\vapI-fnemWv "knZvd-p apXlm' AYhm {]]-ns Aw FXpt]mse, Ggmw`qan-bpsS Xmsg-bp A-amWv "Ydm' AYhm
]mXm-fw. knZvd-p apXlm Ign-m ]ns ]dp-Zo-k--kzKw--B-sW-n
"Ydm' v Xmsg \c-I-p-WvU-am-Wv. Ckvdm-Av: 1, Ilv^v: 100-101, 107 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
7.
\o \ns hmv D-n-em-p-I-bm-sW-n Atm \nbw Ah

cl-ky-am-bXpw AXn-tesd tKm]y-am-bXpw Adn-bp--h\m-Wv.
apv: 13, \n \n-fpsS hmv cl-ky-am-p-I, As-n D-nem-p-I, \nbw Ah s\-I--fpsSAh Adn-bp--hXsbm-Wv. 14,
krjvSn--h\v Ah-s krjvSnIsf-p-dnv Adn-hn-s-tm, Fmeh Dn-s-bp-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
-dn-bp kq-a-m-\nbpw Fmw hebwsNbvX {XnIm-e-m-\n-bp-amIpp
Fv ]dnpv. AAvdm^v: 5455, 205, \lv: 74 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
670
8.
Amlp, Ah-\-msX asmcp Cem-lp-anXs. Fm \-t]-cp-Ifpw

Ah-\p--Xm-Ip-p.
\-t]-cp-I FXvsImp hnh; Jp-B kan-p Am-lphns t]cp-I-fm-Ip-p. lqZv: 114, \lv: 2, Ckvdm-Av: 110 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
9.
\n\v aqkm-bpsSh-am\w hp-In-pIbpw sNbvXpthm?
10.
Atlw Xo I k`w, Atm Xs IpSpw-_mw-K--tfmSv

Atlw ]dp: \n-fn-hnsS \np-hn, \nbw Rm\nXm Xo
ImWp-p, Rm \nv AXn\nv Hcp Xo\ sImp-h-cnItbm As-n Ahn-sS-\nv Rm h amK-Zi-\hpw t\Sp-Itbm
sNmw.
_Jd: 50 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. ]p-hjs aZvb\nse Pohn-Xn\ptijw aqkm, Xs `mcy-tbbpw Ipn-I-tfbpw Iqn CuPn-]vXn-tep Xncn-pt]m-Ip k`-amWn-Xv. Iqcn-cp-p Hcp XWp-p cm{Xn-bn-em-bn-cpp Ah
bm{X-sN-bvXn-cp-Xv. Ah-cpsS ] shfnw Dm-bn-cp-n-. bm{X-p hgnsb-p-dnpw hy-X- Dm-bn-cp-n-. "t]mIm-\p hgn-sb-p-dnv Rm tNmZn-dn-p-hcmw' Fv aqkm IpSpw-_mw-K--tfmSv ]d--Xn\npw AXmWv a\-nem-tXv. samw Pohn-X-n\v amK-Zi\w Inn-tb-p-w F Bi-bhp-ap-v.
Jkzkzv: 2729 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
11.
As\ Atlw AXn-\-Spv htm, Hcp- hn-fn-tIp: Hm aqkm!
12.
\nbw Rm \ns \mY-\m-Wv, Atm \o \ns sNcnv Agn-psh-p-I. \nbw \o ]cn-ip--amb Xzphm Xmgvhc-bn-em-Ip-p.
Amlp BZ-cn e--fn {]th-in-p-tm ]mZ-c Ducn-sh--Wsav Cu kw`hw ]Tn-n-p-p. AXv hnP-\-amb, Bcpw- IS-p-sN-m-\pw Im-Wm\pw
Ah-k-c-anm `q{]tZ-i--fn-em-sW-nepw icn.
13.
Rm \ns sXc-s-Sp-n-cn-p-p. AXp-sImv \o Znhy-k-tiw

{in-p-tIp-I.
14.
\nbw Rm AmlphmIp-p. Rm\-msX asmcp Cemlpw C.

Atm \o Fs tkhn-p-sImv Pohn-p-I. Fs kvacW \ne\np--Xn\pthn \a-kvImcw \ne-\np-Ibpw sNp-I.
Amlp aqkm\_ntbmSp \Snb kw`mjWw a\nempXn\v _Jd:
Xzmlm (20)
671
253, AAv-dm^v: 143 hni-Zo-I-c-W-w hmbn-p-I. Am-lp-h-msX asmcp Cem-lpan
Fv ]Tn-n-m-\m-Wv Fm {]hm-N-I-m-tcbpw \ntbm-Kn-n-p-Xpw 6236 kq Ah-X-cn-n-n-p-Xpw. Cemlv Fm ImWm-sX-Iv Bsc- hn-fn-m-tam,
BtcmSv klmbw tXSmtam, Bsc- `-b-s-Sm-tam, Bcn `c-tan-m-tam, BcpsS
apn-emtWm Pohn-X-s-p-dnv Dcw ]d-tb-Xv Ah-\mWv. Ah BZyhpw
Ayhpw, Dd-hpw ab-hpw, D]-abpw DZml-cW
- hpw Cm, GIm-[n-]\pw km[n-]\pw tkzOm-[n-]-\p-amb Amlp am{X-am-W-v. Xzmlm: 8 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
Pnp-I-tfbpw a\p-jy-tcbpw Fs tkhnpsImv Pohn-m- thnb-msX
krjvSn-n-t-bn Fv Am-cn-bmv: 56 ]d-n-p-s-nepw hnizm-kn-I am{Xta
Cu I]\ A\p-k-cn-p-I-bp-q. BZym-h-km-\-ap a\p-jy-cn Am-lp-hns
GIkwL-ns] {]hm-N-I-mcpw hnizm-kn-Ifpw am{Xta Am-lp-hns\ tkhnp-sIm-v, As-n Am-lp-hns {]mXn-\n[yw hln-p-sImv ChnsS Pohn-pIbpw Am-lp-hns hoSmb kzK-n-tev Xncn-p-t]m-hpI-bpapq. AXn\v Amlp-hns k-Xhpw kwkm-chpamb Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-ns XW-en-ep
PohnXw \bn- t - - X p- v . Jp- B - \ ns Bibw Inn- b nv D]- t bm- K - s - S pmhscmwXs Im^ndmb ]nim-Nns hoSmb \c-I-n t]mhp-Ibpw
sNpw. bq\pkv: 100, C{_mlow: 30, abw: 44 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Am- l p- h ns kv a cW \ne- \ np- - X n\v t hn \a- k v I mcw \ne\nWsamWv kq-n ]d--Xv. AYhm Jp-B-\ns Bibw \ne\np- - X n\v t hn \a- k v I mcw \ne- \ nWsam- W v . JpB\ns
Bibn\mWv \akvImctm apKW\ \tIsXv AAvdm^v: 170
hniZoIcWn hmbnpI. {]]w AXns kpe\n \ne\nm\p
Xpemkpw Aam\pamWv JpB\ns BibsaXn\m, AXv P\fntev
FnvsImSpemWv ]ca{][m\w. Bibadnnv AXv temIv
Fnv s ImSpmsX \akv I mcn apgpInbncpm ]ngbmbn \cIw
e`npXmWv. Xu_: 53-55, Ilv^v: 100101 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
15.
\nbw B Ay-aW
- n-q hcn-IX
- s sNpw. Rm\Xv tKm]y-amn
shn-p-Xv Fm Hmtcm Bmhn\pw Ah Dt-in-p-{]-hnXn\v
{]Xn-êw sImSp-p--Xn\v thn-bm-Ipp.
a\p-jy-Po-hn-X
- ns \memw L-amb `qan-bnse PohnXw, Ggmw L-ntev
kzKw ]Wn- b p- - X n\v thn- b m- W v . a\pjysc kzn krjv S nXpw
`qanbntev \ntbmKnXpw shnbmgvbmWv. Hcp shn-bmgvZnhkw ]I
Ahkm\nptXmsS temIm-hk
- m\w kw`hnpXpamWv. Av ]Xn-\v hbv
XnI-bp Hcmv kzKw ]Wn-bm A-h-kcw \Ip-I-sb-Xv \oXn-am-\mb ]ca-Im-cp-Wn-Is IS-a-bm-Wv. kzKw]Wn-bm {]mtbmKnIambn Ah-kcw Cs-nepw
AXn-\p B{K-lw AYhm eyw, Dtyiyw Hcp Bm-hn\v Ds-n Ah\v
{]Xn-^-e-ambn kzKw e`n-t--Xn\vthnbmWv B Ay-a-Wn-q tKm]y-am-
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
672
n-sh-n-cn-p-Xv Fw. An-km-Av: 100, AAv-dm^v: 187, Ilv^v: 103106

F-m ey-t_m-[-an-msX \a-kvI-cn-p-Ibpw t\m-\p-jvSn-p-Ibpw
lvsNp-IbpwsNbvXv \cIw ]ng-bmbn t\Sp Im^n-dp-I, B Ay-a-Wnq C\nbpw IptdZqsc-bmWv; ASp-spw kw`-hn-p-I-bn- -FmWv Icp-Xp-Isbv aB-cnPv: 67 kq--fn ]d-n-p-v. Ccw ]nim-Nns kwL-mcpsS PpapA\akvImcw B Ah-km-\-Zn-hks shn-bm-gvbpw \S-p--Xm-Wv.
ABw: 47, Xu_: 82, dAvZv: 14 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
16.
Atm AXp-sImv hniz-kn-m--h\pw Xs tZtlO ]n]-nb- h - \ p- a mb Hcp- h \ns AXn\nv XS- b m- X n- c n- - s .

Ans\bmbm \o PohnXw \jvS-s--h-\m-bn-o-cpw.
\nbw Atls CukmbpsS cmashchv B AyaWnqdns

ASbmfamnshncnpp, Atm AXns Imcyn \o kwimbmepfn
s]pt]mIcpXv, AXpsImv \n Fs ]n]pIbpw sNpI. CXmWv t\sc
sNmsbp amw Fv kpKvdp^v: 61 ]dnpv. lqZv: 17, \lv: 36
hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
17.
Hm aqkm, \ns he-Xp-I-n Fm-Wp-Xv?
18.
aqkm ]dp: CsXs hSn-bm-Wv. Rm CXnta Dun-\-S-pp, CXp-sImv Fs BSp-Iv Ce-s]m-gnpsImSp-p-p, CXpsImv F\nv thsdbpw ]e Bhiyfpap-v.
19.
Amlp ]dp: Hm aqkm \o AXv Xmsg-bn-SpI.
20.
As\ Atlw AXv Xmsg-bn-p. Atm-gXm AXv HmSp Hcp kam-bn- amdpp!
21.
Amlp ]dp: \o AsX-Sp-p-I, \o `b-s-Sp-I-bp-a-cp-Xv. \mw

AXns\ AXns ]q-n-Xn-bn-te-p-Xs aS-p--Xm-Wv.
\o \ns hSn-bn-Sp-I, As\ AXv Hcp Pohn-sb-tmse ]pf-bp-Xv Itm aqkm Xncn-p-t\m-msX ]nXn-cntmSn. Hm aqkm, \obXv FSp-p-I,
\o `b-s-S-cp-Xv, \o kpc-n-X-cns]-h-\m-Ipw Fv Jkzkzv: 31 ]dnpv.
22.
\o \ns ssI I-n tNp-sh-p-I, AXv Xnf--apXmbn

]pd-p-hcpwbmsXmcp Zqjy-hp-an-msX. CXv asmcp ZrjvSm--am-Wv.
Xzmlm (20)
673
ChnsS ssI I-n shsSpm\mWv ]d--sX-n Jkzkzv: 32-
\ns ssII Ioi-bn shpI FmWv ]d-n-p--Xv.
23.
\psS henb ZrjvSm---fn\nv \ns ImWn-p--Xn\v thn.

24.
\o ^n-Hu-\ns ASp-tev t]mhp-I, \nbw Ah ]cn[newLn-h-\m-bncnp-p.
"XzKm' F-Xn-\mWv ]cn[newLn--h Fv Aw sImSp-n-cn-p-Xv. bYm-n XzmKq-n\v hnt[-b-am-b-h-\mWv "XzKm'. Alv: 36 hni-ZoI-cWw t\mp-I.
25.
aqkm {]mnp, Fs \mYm! F\nv \o Fs s\ns\ hnim-eamnmepw.
26.
Fs Imcy- F\nv \o Ffp--am-n--m-epw.
27.
Fs \mhns sI-gnv Xm-epw.
28.
Fs hmv Ahv a\-n-em-Ip--Xn-\p-th-n.
29.
Fs IpSpw-_-n\nv Hcmsf F\nv \o klm-bn-bmbn \ntbm-Knp-X-m-epw.
30.
Fs ktlm-Z-c lmdq-\ns\.
31.
Fs Ah aptJ\ \o i-s-Sp-n-bm-epw.
32.
Fs ZuXy-n Ahs\ ]m-fn-bm-n-bm-epw.
33.
AXp-hgn R cpt]cpw \ns [mcm-f-ambn hmgvmw.
34.
\ns [mcm-f-ambn Hmn-p-Ibpw sNmw.
35.
\nbw \o Rsf kZm hon-p-sIm-n-cn-p--h-\-tm.
ChnsS aqkmbpw lmdq\pw R \ns [mcmfambn hmgvpIbpw

kvacnpIbpw sNbvXpsImmsav Amlphnt\mSv ]dbpIbmWv. Fm
kqw 42, \n cv t]cpw Fs kvac-W-bn\nv AI-p-t]m-I-cpsXv
Amlp InpXv ImWmw.
36.
Amlp ]dp: Hm aqkm, \nbw \o tNmZn--sXms \n\v
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
674
\I-sp Ign-p.
37.
\nbw asm-cn-epw \mw \nsta A\p-{Klw sNbvXn-p-v.
38.
\mw \ns amXm-hn\v Znhy-k-tiw \tI Hv Znhy-k-tiw

\Inb k`w.
39.
Fs-m \o Ahs\ t]S-I-n Bp-I, As\ B t]SIs \Zn-bn Hgp-p-I, \Zn-bpsS {]hmlw AXns\ Ic-S- p-npw.
Ftbpw Ah-tbpw i{Xp Ahs\ FSppsIm-pw. Rm \nsta Fn\np kvt\lw sNmcn-n-cn-p-p. Fs tat\mn \o hf- s - S m- \ p kwhn- [ m\w Dm- p- I bpw
sNbvXncnpp.
Jkzkzv: 79 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I.
40.
\ns ktlm-Zcn \ns ]nXp-Sv \S k`w; Ah tNmZn-p,

Chs\ \mbn t]mp Hcm-sf-p-dnv Rm \nv hnhcw ]dp-X-cs-tbm? As\ \ns amXm-hns ASp-tv \mw \ns
Xncnp sImp-hp. Ah- IIpfnp--Xn\pw ZpxJnm-Xn-cnpXn\pw thn. \o Hcm-m-hns\ h[n-p-Ibpapm-bn, Atm
\mw \ns B hnn-jvS-n\npw c-s-Sp-n. \ns \mw ]ehn[ ]co-W
-
- f
- m ]co-n-p-Ibpw \ns hj-tfmfw aZvb
\nhm-kn-I-tfm-sSmw Xma-kn-np-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]ns Fs \nb-{]-Imcw \obnXm hn-cn-pbmWv Hm aqkm.
Jkzkzv: 1129 Iqn-hm-bn-p-I. _Jd: 50 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
41.
Rm Fs kzw-Im-cy-n\pthnbmWv \ns \p-hfn

smvhn-cn-p--Xv.
aqkmtbbpw ap{]hmNImtcbpw am{Xa, Fm a\pjytcbpw

Amlphns\ tkhnpXn\v thnam{XamWv krjvSnnpXv Fv _Jd:
30, ABw: 165, Am-cn-bmv: 5556 XpSnb kqfnsemw ]dnpv.
Fm AnkmAv: 118, lqZv: 118119 Fo kq{]Imcw Bbncn
Hv am{Xta Ahs ktiamb JpB\nsBibw temIv Fnv
sImSppsImv Cu ZuXyw \nlnpIbpq. amCZ: 67 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
42.
\obpw \ns ktlm-Z-c\pw Fs ZrjvSm-fpw sImv t]mhp-I.

Fs kvac-W-bn\nv \n cp-t]cpw AI-p-t]m-hp-I-bpacpXv.
43.
\n-fn-cp-hcpw ^n-Hu-\ns ASp-tv t]mhp-I, \nbw Ah
Xzmlm (20)
]cn-[n- ew-Ln--h-\m-bn-cn-pp.
675
kqw: 24 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.

44.
\n cp-t]cpw Ah-t\mSv kuay-ambn kwkm-cn-p-I. Ah

Hmn-n-s-Sp-Itbm As-n `b-s-Sp-Itbm sNp-X
- n\vthn.
a\pjyscsbmhtcbpw kznkrjv S ntmXs JpB\ns

Bibw ]Tnnnpv FmWv Hmn-n-s-Sp-I FXv sImp hnh.
Am-kn-Bv: 24 {]Imcw krjvSn-sb ]cn[n ewLnv Rm\mWv AXyp--X\mb \mY Fv {]Jym-]n--h-\mWv ^nHu. Fm Ahs\ DWt-Xv
\oXnam\mb Am-lp-hns _m[y-X-bm-b-Xn-\m-em-Wv aqkm-tbmSpw lmdq-\n-t\mSpw
kuay-ambn s]cp-am-dmBh-iy-sSp-Xv. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfmSv DlvZvbqm-\-cw
apl-Zv hfsc kuay-ambn s]cp-am-dn-bXv Am-lp-hns ImcpWyw sImvXsbm-sWv Ben-Cw-dm: 159s hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I. Fm ZrjvSm-fpw ImWnv DWn-bnpw [mjvTy]qw [nm-c-n ASn-bp-dv \n
^n-Hus\ bq\pkv 8889 kq-{]-Imcw aqkm-sbbpw lmdq-\n-t\bpw sImv
{]mn-nv 9092 {]Imcw \in-nv sXm-Sn-I-fmb I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iv ZrjvSm-am-n-sh-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Fm Cv Jp-B-\ns\ Amlp Dt-in Bib-n\nv sXnv Am-lp-hns amK-n \nv P\-sf XS-bp I]-S-hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw Ah-sc t\Xm-fmbn]n]-pIbpw JpB\ns\ Xn--d-bp-Ibpw
sNp Ip^v^m-dp-It- fmSpw Jp-B\
- ns BibwsImv PnlmZv sNm-\mWv Xu_:
73 {]Imcw In-n-p-Xv. PnlmZv sNt--coXn An-km-Av: 63, AAv-dm^v:
175176, Xu_: 120121 kq--fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-n hmbn-p-I.
45.
Ah cp- t ]cpw ]d- p, R- f psS \mYm! \nbw Ah

RfpsS ta NmSn-hoWv Ahn-th-Itam AXn{Iatam ImWn-psav
R `b-s-Sp-p.
46.
Amlp ]dp: \n-fn-cp-hcpw `b-s-S-cpXv, \nbw Rm Fmw

tIpw Ipw \n-tfm-sSm--ap-v.
47.
As\ Ah cp-t]cpw Ah-s-b-Spv hp. Fnv Ah cpt]cpw ]d-p. \nbw R \ns \mYs ZqX-m-cm--Ip-p. AXpsImv Ckvdm-Cu k-Xn-Isf \o R-tfm-sSmw ]d--b-p-I.
\o Ahsc inn-p-Ib
- p-ac
- p-Xv. \nbw R \ns \mY-\n\nv
\n\p Hcp ZrjvSm-hpw sImvhn-p-v. BcmtWm kmKw
]n]-p-Xv Ahv kam-[m-\-hp-ap-v.
48.
\nbw BcmtWm Xn--d-bp-Ibpw ]nXn-cn-bp-Ibpw sNp-Xv
676
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
Ah-cpsS taemWv in-bp-Xv Fm-Wv R-fn-tev Znhy-k-tiw
\I-s-n-p-Xv.
49.
^n-Hu tNmZn-p: Atm \n cp-t]-cp-tSbpw \mY BcmWv

Hm aqkm?
50. aqkm ]d-p, R-fpsS \mY Fm-h-kvXp-pw AXns

krjvSnv \In-b- Hcph\m-Ipp, ]ns amK-Zi\w sNbvX-h-\pw.
Xu_: 115, Xzmlm: 5 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
51.
^n-Hu tNmZn-p, Atm ]qn-IXe-ap-d-IfpsS Imcytam?
Fmepap PohnXeyw ad, \innsSm Alcmb

I]ShnizmknIfpsS tNmZyhpw CXpXsbmWv. JpB\ns Bibn \nv
]qambn AIpt]mb Cs apkveowIsf, JpB\ns Bibw IqSmsX
Hcmfpw hnizmknbmhpItbm kzn {]thinpItbm Cspw adnv
AhcmWv \cInse hndIpIfmbnocpI Fv DWnbm Ahcpw
CXpt]mep tNmZyw BhnpXv ImWmw. AAvdm^v: 175176, Xu_: 123125,
dAvZv: 7, Ckvdm-Av: 84, 105 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
52.
aqkm ]d-p, Ahsc-p-dn-p Adnhv Fs \mYs ]-ep

Hcp {K-n-em-Wp--Xv. Fs \mY\v ]ng-p-I-bn-, ad-p-I-bp-an.
_Jd: 170171, Alv: 89 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
53.
\nv `qansb sXmn-em-n--, AXn \nmbn hnhn[

h-gn-I Hcp-n---, B-Im-ip\nv sh-an-d-nh\pamb
Hcph; Fnv B shwsImv \mw hnhn-[--fmb kky-e-Xm-ZnIsf tPmUn-I-fmbn ]pd-s-Sp-hn--pIbpw sNbvXp.
54.
\n Xnp-I, \nfpsS Ip-Im-en-Isf Xop-Ibpw sNp-I,

\nbw AXn _pnIqaXbphv [mcmfw ]mT--fp-v.
Ben-Cw-dm: 190191 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
55. AXn\n-mWv \mw \nsf krjvSn--Xv, AXn-tev XsbmWv

\mw \nsf aS-p-Xpw, AXn\npXs \mw \nsf asmcp{]m-hiyw ]pd-s-Sp-hn-p-Ibpw sNpw.
`qan-bn\n-mWv \nsf krjvSn-Xv Fv ]d--Xn \npw `qan-bn-emWv
\mw \nsf krjvSn-Xv Fv Bibw hcp-n-. `qan-bn\nv sImp-t]mb
ap-sImv kzK-nshmWv BZ-ans icocw krjvSn-Xv. kPZ: 79
Xzmlm (20)
677
a\pjys krjvSnn\v IfnavsImv XpSw Ipdnp, ]ns Ahs hwi]cc
lo\amb shns kn \nmn amn, ]ns Ahs\ cq]sSpn,
\memwamkn Amlphns dqln \nv AXn Bhmlnnp, \nv
Ah tIhn, Imgv, _pnin Fnh {]Zm\w sNpIbpw sNbvXp. Fm
\nfn A]w t] am{Xta \n{]ISnnphcmbpq Fv ]dnpv.
_Jd: 28, An-km-Av: 1, lnPv: 26 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
56.
\nbw \psS FmZrjvSm---fpw \ma-hs\ ImWn-p. Fmw

Ah Xn--f-bp-Ibpw \nc-kn-p-I-bp-amWv sNbvX-Xv.
57.
Ah tNmZn-p, \ns amcWw sImv R-fpsS \mn\nv

Rsf ]pd-m-m-\mtWm R-fpsSbSpv \o hn-p-Xv Hm
aqkm?
58.
Atm \ns ]-ep amcWw t]msebpXv Rfpw sImph-cn-I-Xs sNpw. Atm Rpw \n\p-an-S-bn kuIcy{]Zamb Hcp ev Hcp-anpIqSm \n-bn-p-I, Rtfm
\otbm AXv ewLn-p-Ibpw Acp-Xv.
59.
aqkm ]d-p, \nfpsS hmKvZZn\w Dk-h-\m-fn- Xsbm

bnsIm-s, Av P\--sfmw cmhn-se-s Hcp-an-p-Iq-Sp-Ibpw
sN-s!
60.
Atm ^n-Hu ]nhmn, As\ Ahs KqV-X-{-sfmw

Hcp-an-p-Iq-p-Ibpw ]ns hcnIbpw sNbvXp.
61.
aqkm Ah-tcmSv ]d-p: \nv \miw, \n Am-lp-hns

ta Iw sIn--av ]d-b-cp-Xv. An-s\-bm-bm in-ap-tJ\
Ah \nsf \in-npIf-bpw. BcmtWm Iw sIn--a-p-Xv
Ah ]cm-Pbs--XvXs-.
An-km-Av: 5152, bq\pkv: 17 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
62.
Atm Ahn-S-bn `nm-`n-{]m-b-fpmbn, Ah cl-ky-kwkmcw \S-m XpS-n.

63.
Ah ]d-p, \nbw Ch cp-t]cpw cv amc-W-m-cm-Wv, ChcpsS amc-Ww-sImv \n-fpsS \mn\nv \nsf ]pd-m-m-\pw
\n-fpsS amXrIm]camb PohnXcoXn \on--f-bm\pamWv Ch
cp-t]cpw Dt-in-p-Xv.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
e`npsImncnp B\pIqey \jvSsSpsapw XpSpsImn
cnp PohnXssienv `wKw hcpsapap Bi P\fn ]Snhnv,
A[nImcw \ne\nm {ianp Fmepap A[nImcnhfpsS X{w
XsbmWv ^nHu ChnsS ]bpXv.
678
64. Atm \n \n-fpsS X{-s

- fm-sbpw Hcp-an-p-Iq-p-I, ]ns
\n H-s-mbn hcn-I. Ct-Zn-\w D-Xn-bn-se-p-X
- mtcm Ah
Xs-bmWv hnPbwhcn--h.
65. amc-W-m tNmZn-p: Hm aqkm! \obmtWm CSp-Xv, AtXm RfmtWm BZyw CSp--h-cm-tI-Xv?
66. aqkm ]d-p: A, \n CpsImpI. Atm-gXm Ah-cpsS
Ib- d p- I fpw hSn- I fpw Ah- c psS amc- W - m aqkmv t\sc
Cgphcp-Xmbn tXmn.
67.
aqkmv Dnsbpn `b-sSp Ah--bp-mbn.
amcWw ]nim-Nn\n-p-X
- m-sWv _Jd: 102s hni-Zo-Ic
- W
-
- nepw Fm
\_n-ampw a\p-jy-cn\npw Pnp-I-fn \np-ap ]nim-Np-sf i{Xp--fmn-bn-p-sv ABw: 112s hni-Zo-I-c-W-nepw hmbn-p-I. Atm DepA-kvan Zr-V-Nn--cm-b -s] apl--Zv, aqk XpSnb {]-hm-N-Impw amcWw
Gp--Xm-Wv. Fm samw Jp-B-\ns Bibn\nv FmWv
amcWw, BcmWv ]nimNv, BcmWv hnizm-kn, Bcm-Wv Im^n, BcmWv I]-S-hnizmkn, BcmWv eywt_m[w \jvS-s--h, BcmWv Bi-b--h, BcmWv
A\ymbw {]hn-p--h, BcmWv Am-lp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]v
tNp--h, BcmWv Fm-bn-Spw Ftmgpw Am-lp-hns GIXzw AwKo-Icn-p--h, BcmWv ]c-tem-Iv hcmt]m-Ip in-Isf ]cn-l-kn-p--h,
BcmWv Jp-B-\ns\ Xpw-Xp---fmbn `mKw shp--h, BcmWv Jp-B
kp-sf hf-sm-Snp]d-bp--h, BcmWv JpBsImv PnlmZv sNp-h, BcmWv hnizm-kn-Isf Ifn-bm-p--h, BcmWv \ny-cm-bn-o-cp--h,
BcmWv h-I-m, BcmWv sXm-Sn-I, BcmWv AXn-{I-a-Im-cn-I, BcmWv
]cn-[newLn-h, BcmWv \mi-Im-cn-I, BcmWv AXn-cp-I-hn--h, BcmWv
Ipw sNp---h, BcmWv Al-m-cn-I, BcmWv Alw-`m-hn-I, BcmWv ]pdw]qv]d-bp-h
- , BcmWv \njv]
- h
- m-\mb Am-lp-hns\ Xncn-d
- n-h
- , BcmWv
\njv]--hm-\mb Am-lp-hns\ Xncn--dnbm--h Fsmw a\-n-emn, JpB-\ns Bi-bs Snpw kmKhpw tcmK-i-a-\hpw Imcp-Wyhpw sXfnhpw
]cn-Nbpw {Xmpw Aam-\pw Imp-kq-n-p-Xpw Dm-gvm-Zm-b-Ihpw Ienampw Am-lp-hns k-Xhpw Fm-ambn ]cn-K-Wnv Amlp-hns {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn Pohn-p hnizm-kn-Iv tkh-\wsNm ]nimNv AS--ap CXc
krjvSn-Is
- fmw IS-as
- -n-cn-pp Fv a\n-emn, Fmw ASn-`c
- n-p GIm-
Xzmlm (20)
679
[n-]\pw km-[n-]\pw tkzOm-[n-]-\p-amb Am-lp-hn kkzw `c-tan-p-hcn ]nim-Nn\v bmsXmcp kzm[o-\-hp-an-sv \lv: 99 ]d-n-p-v. Xu_:
a\pjysc `qanbntev AbXv ]conpXnvthnbmWv.
AXn\pthn ]nimNn\v kIgnhpIfpw \Inbnpapv. AnkmAv: 118,
CkvdmAv: 6465 hniZoIcWw t\mpI. Amlphns {]Xn\n[nbmbn Pohnp;
JpB\ns Bibw sImv Xs PnvIqpImcs\ hnizmknbmnamnb ]qW
hnizmknv amcWsa, Hcp Xnbpw GpIbn. AXpt]mses
JpB\ns Bibsamw Adnnv aphsc AXn \nv XSbp,
hnNmcWbnmsX \cIn t]mIp, ]qW I]ShnizmknIpw amcWw
GpIbn. ImcWw Amlp sImpIf Ahv ]coWan.
PnpIfns] ]nimNp hnNmcWv tijamWv \cIn t]mhpI Fv
C{_mlow: 22 ]dnpv. Fm I]ShnizmknIfmb a\pjynimNp
hnNmcWbnmsX acWtmSpIqSn \cIn t]mIphcmsWv Xu_: 8485,
\lv: 2425 hniZoIcWn hmbnpI. ^pkznev: 28 ]d Im^ndpI
I]ShnizmknIfmbXpsImv Ahv amcWw GpIbn, Fm Cln
Chsc ]n]p 29 ]d Im^ndpIv amcWw GpXmWv ,
AXpt]mses JpB\ns Bibs ]cnNbpw apsslan\pambn
D]tbmKsSpm AhnizmknIpw amcWw GpXmWv.
68.
\mw ]d-p, \o `b-sScpXv. \o Xs-bmWv DXnbnep-h.
69.
\ns he-Xp-I-n-ep-Xv CSp-Ibpw sNp-I. Atm Ah D]m-Znn-p-m-n-bs

- Xmw AXv hngp-n-sm-pw. \nbw Ah D]mZnn-n-p-Xv amc-W-m-cpsS X{w am{X-am-Wv. amc-W-m-c-m-hs FhnsS-s-mepw hnP-bn-p-I-bpan-.
70.
Atm amc-Wmscmw kmjvSmw-K-n hogv-s-Sp-I-bm-bn.

Ah {]Jym-]n-p; \nbw R lmdq-\n-tbpw aqkm-bp-tSbpw
\mY-\n hniz-kn-n-cn-p-p.
71.
^n-Hu tNmZn-p; Rm \nv kXw Xcp--Xn-\p-apv \n

Ah-\n hniz-kn-pthm? Xo-bmbpw Ah \nsf amcWw ]Tnn- \nfnse Hcp {][m\n Xs-bm-Wv. Atm \nbw Rm
\n-fpsS ssIIfpw Imep-Ifpw FXnhifn\nv sImnapdnp-Ibpw Cu--\--Sn-I-fn \nsf {Iqin-p-Ibpw sNpw.
\n Adn-bpIXs sNpw, R-fn-em-cmWv Ghpw ITn-\-ambpw
mbn-bm-b-pw inn-p-I-sbv.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
heXpssIbm-sW-n CS-Xp-Imepw CSXpssIbm-sW-n he-Xp-Imepw Fco-Xn-bn-emWv in \S-n-em-n-bn-cp--Xv. Xe-tm-dns samw Xf-bm-bn-cpp
AXp-sImv Dt-in-n-cp-Xv. aqkmbptSbpw lmdq\nbpw \mY\nemWv R
hnizknnpXv FmWv amcWm kqw: 70 ]dXv. AmknBv:
24 Rm\mWv AXypX\mb \mY Fv ^nHu {]Jym]nXmbn
]dnpapv. Atm R-fn-em-cmWv Ghpw ITn-\a
- mbpw mbn-bm-bp- w innp-I- Fv ]dXnse R ^nHu\pw, Amlphpw XsbmWv. AmsX
aqkb. aqkmsb, ^nHu\ns\tmse innph\mbn ]cnKWnm
kpKvdp^v: 5154 kqv hncpamIpw. AAvdm^v: 124126 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
680
72.
Ah ]dp, Rv hp-In-nb sXfn-hp-I-sfmfpw Rsf

hncn- n- p- m- nbh- t \- mfpw \n\v R apK- W \
\IpIbnXs. AXn-\m \n\v hn[n-m\psXtm AXp\o hn[n-p-sIm-p-I. \nbw \o hn[n-p-Xv Cu sFlnI Pohn-Xn am{X-amWtm.
73.
\nbw R R-fpsS DS-asbsmv hniz-kn-n-cn-p-p.

RfpsS ]m]-fpw \o R-sf-smv \n_-nnp sNnn
amc-W{]h-\
- fpw Ah Rv s]mdpv Xcp-X
- n\pthn.
Am-lp-hmWv Ghpw D-a\pw mbn-bmbnp-h\pw.
- AAvdm^v: 126 hniZoIcWw t\mpI. \o R-sf-smv \n_-nnp

sNnn amc-W{]h-\- Fv amcWm ]dXn \npw AXh
kza\mse {]hnXmbncpn, AXnt\mShv a\m shdppapm
bncpp. ^nHu Ahs A[nImcw \ne\npXn\vthn \nKqVambn
AhnsS \ne\nnbncp kmlNcyfpsS km \n_nXcmbnmWv
AhcXn GsncpXv . AXpsImmWv Ahv kmw e`nm
CSbmbXpw. IcpXnqn Ipw sNphv kmw e`npIbnsv amCZ:
30, \lv: 25 hniZoIcWn hmbnpI.
74.
\nbw BcmtWm Xs \mYs ASp- {`m-\m-bn-smv hcpXv, Atm \nbw Ah\v \c-I-Ip-WvT-am-Wp-Xv. AXn-e-h
acn-p-Ibn, Pohn-p-Ibpan.
{`m- \ m- b n- s mv hcnI Fv ]dXns hnh Nnbpw

t_m[hpanmsX {]bh\pw eyt_m[w \jvSsh\pambn Pohnv acnv
t]mhpI FXmWv. AAvdm^v: 40, 179 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
A-A-Avem: 1113 , Jp-B-\ns Bi-bn\nv AIv Pohn--h
hn \c-I-o-bn thhn--s-Sp-I-X-s-sN-pw, ]ns AXn-e-h acn-p-Ibn,
Xzmlm (20)
681
Pohn-p-Ibpan. "AXn acn-p-Ibn' Fv BZyw ]d--Xns hnh; \c-In ico-c-tm-Sp-IqSn Poh-\p--hsc am{X-amWv CSp-I, As\ sXmen-D-cp-Iptmsgmw An-km-Av: 56 {]Imcw ]pXn-b-sXmen shp-sIm-Sp-p--XmWv. Ah
ac-W-n\pthn- tIgpw, ]s Hcn-epw acnpI-bn-. _Jd: 28, lqZv: 105108,
75.
BcmtWm hnizm- k n- b m- b n- s mv Ahs ASp hcp- - X v ,

\nbw A-h Jp-B\
- ns Bi-b
- n-ep {]h-\
- sNbvXnp-apv, Atm Aqv XsbmWv AXyp--X-amb ]Z-hn-I-fp-Xv.
76.
Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS \Zn-I Hgp-In-sm-n-cn-p \nXym-\p-{K-l--fS-nb kzK-q-tm-p-I, Ah-c-Xn \nXy-hm-kn-I-fp-am-bn-cn-pw.

AXmWv Ah-c-hsc ipo-I-cn--hv {]Xnêambn e-`n-p-I.
A-A-Avem: 1415 , \nbw Ah-c-hsc ipo-I-cn-p-Ibpw Xs \mYs\

\S---fnepw Ccp---fnepw InS-p-I-fnepw Hmn-p-Ibpw, AXn-\p-thn \akvI-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-h hnP-bn-n-cn-pp Fv ]d-n-p-v. Ah-c-hsc ipoI-cn-pIsbv ]d-m Jp-B-\ns Bibw sImv Ah-c-hsc Xncn--dn-bp-I,
{kjvSm-hns\ Xncn--dn-bp-I, PohnX eyw Xncn--dn-bpI Fm-Wv. AnkmAv:
1, bq\pkv: 100, Xzmlm: 14 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
77.
aqkmv \mw Znhy-k-tiw \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp, Fs-m \o

Fs Zmk-m-tcbpwsImv cm{Xnv cm{Xn ]pd-s-Sp-I. Ahpthn kap-{Z-n- Hcp DW-nb]mX shn-p-d-p-Ibpw sNp-I.
\o ]nSnIqSs-Sp-sav `b-s-S-cp-Xv, \o asmpw `b-s-Sp-I-bp-a-cp-Xv.
hSn-sIm-v ASn-m Znhy-k-tiw \In, aqkmpw Ckvdm-Cu- k-XnIpw kap{ZneqsS apdnv IS-p--Xn\pthn Hcp DW-n-b-]mX Hcp-nsm-Spp FmWv kqn ]d-bp--Xv. Aq-A-dm-Av: 6366 , \mw aqkmv
Znhyktiw \In, \o \ns hSn-sImv IS-en-e-Sn-pI. Atm AXp -]n-fv
shw hn ae-I-sf-tmWw cp `mK-t-p-ambn amdn-\n-p. ]ns \mw athn`m-Ks AXn-tev ASp-n-p-Ibpw Ahsc apgp-h AXn apn-sm-p-Ibpw,
aqkm-tbbpw At-l-tm-sSm--ap--h-scbp-w c-s-SppIbpw sNbvXp Fv
]d-n-p-v. ApJm: 2324 kap{Zs \o ]nf Ahbn XshnSpI
Fv ]dnpv. AYhm \n ^nHu\pw Iqcmepw ]nSnIqSsSmXncnm
thn kap{Zw IqSntcpXn\v hopw ASncpXv FmWv. \o a-smpw `b-sSp-Ib
- p-ac
- pXv Fv ]d-X
- ns hnh; \n kap-{Z-n Xmgvpt]mIpw, Asn ae-I-sf-tmWw cp `mK-t-p-ambn amdn-\n- shw IqSn-tv apntmIpw Fsmpw `b-s-tS Fpam-Wv. abw: 3435 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
682
78.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
^n-Hu Ahs ssk\y-k-taXw Ahsc ]nXp-Sp. Atm
B amdn-\n shw Ah-sc- aq-tShn[w aqSn.
79.
^n-Hu Xs P\-Xsb hgn-]n-g-n-pIXs sNbvXp. Ahv

icn-bmb amKw ImWn-p-sIm-Sp--Xp-an-.
80.
Hm C{km-Cu k-Xn-I-tf, \nbw \n-fpsS i{Xp-hn\npw \mw

\nsf c-s-Sp-n, Rm \nv Xzq ]-X-ns he-Xp`m-K-v lmP-dm-Ip--Xn\v kabw \n-bn-p, \nfpsS-ta abpw
khbpw CdncnI-bp-ap-m-bn.
_Jd: 5657, AAvdm^v: 155 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
81.
\mw \nv \Inb ]cn-ip-a

- mb `Whn`-h
- f
- n\nv XnpI, \n AXn AXnewLn-c
- p-Xv, Atm \n-f
- p-sS-ta Fs
tIm]w ]Xn-p--Xm-Wv. BcpsS taemtWm Fs tIm]w ]Xn-Xv
Atm \nbw Ah XI-Xp-X-s.
^n-Hu Ds-sS-bp, Amlp sImp-I-f Fm-e-p-ap I]-S-hnizm-kn-IfpsS Cl-nepw ]c-n-ep-ap Ah--bm-Wv ChnsS hc-p-Im-Wn-pXv. ^mnl: 7, _Jd: 166167, Xu_: 67-68 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
82.
BcmtWm ]m-]np aS-p-Ibpw hnizmkw ssIsm-p-Ibpw

B hnizmkns amw ap-h
- v Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p {]-h\-f
- n Gs-Sp-Ibpw sNp-Xv, Ah\v \nbw Rm Gsd s]mdpp--h Xs-bm-Wv. ]ns Ah amK-Zi\w sN-s-Sp--XpamWv.
An-km-Av: 145146, Xu_: 118, Xzmlm: 5 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
83.
Fsm-mWv \ns P\-Xs

- bqSmsX \ns [rXn-bn ChnsS Fn-XvHm aqkm?
84. aqkm ]d-p, Ah-Aq- Fs ]nn Fs hgn-bn Xsbpv. Rm \ns ASp-tv [rXn-bn hXv Fs \mYm, \o
Fs Xr]vXn-s-Sp--Xn\vthn-bm-Wv.
85.
Amlp ]d-p, Atm \n\p-tijw \ns P\-Xsb \mw ]con-n-cn-p-p. kman-cnv Ahsc hgn-]n-g
- n-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-pp.
86.
Atm aqkm tZjy-tm-sSbpw ZpxJtm-sSbpw Xs P\-Xb

- n-tev
Xzmlm (20)
683
Xncnp; Atlw tNmZn-p, Hm Fs P\ta, \n-fpsS \mY \ntfmSv G-hpw \ hmKvZm\w \In-bn-cp-n-t. Atm \nv
B DS-Snbn Ime-Xm-akw h-Xmbn tXmntbm, AtXm \nfpsS \mYs tIm]w \n-fn ]Xn--W-sa-mtWm \n Dt-in-Xv, AXpsImmtWm \n Fs hmKvZw ewLn-n-p-Xv?
87.
Ah ]d-p, \obp-am-bp hmKvZw R Icp-Xn-qn ewLn-X-. Fm R P\-ns B`-c-W-`m-c- hlnn--s-ncptm, AXv R Hcp Xoq-f-bn-tev C-tX-bp-p. As\
kman-cnpw Cp.
88.
Ah Ahv AXn \nv Hcp ap{I-bn-Sp ]ip-p-n-bpsS icocw

]pd-s-Spv sImSp-p. Atm P\w ]d-p, CXm-Ipp \nfpsS Cem-lvaqkm-bpsSbpw. aqkm AXv \n-tfmSv ]d-bm ad-XmWv.
89. Atm Ah- c psS hmp- I v AsXmcp adp- ] Snbpw \Ipnspw Ahsmcp D]-{Z-htam D]-Im-ctamsNm AXn\v A[nIm-c-an-spw Ah a\-n-em-p-n-stbm?
90.
\nbw apv lmdq Ah-tcmSv ]d-n-p-ap-m-bn-cp-p. Hm Fs

P\ta, \nbw \n CXp-sImv ]co-n-s
- -Sp-Ib
- m-Wv. \nbw
\n-fpsS DSa \njv]--hm-\mb ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\m-Wv. Atm
\n Fs ]n]-p-Ibpw Fs I]-\-I A\p-k-cn-p-Ibpw
sNp-ho.
\njv]--hm-\mb ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-s\ a\-n-em-p--Xn\v AAvdm^v: 150, 178,

abw: 45, Xzmlm: 82 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
91.
Ah ]d-p, AXns\ ]qPn-p--Xn\nv aqkm R-fn-tev

Xncn-p-h-cp--Xp-hsc R hnp \np-I-bn--Xs.
92.
aqkm tNmZn-p, Hm lmdq, Ch hgn-]n-g-p-Xv I-tm Ahsc

XS-bp--Xn\nv Fsm-mWv \ns hne-n-bXv?
93.
\osbs ]n]-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bmtWm AtXm Fs I\ \o [ncn-pthm?
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
94. lmdq ]d-p, Hm Fs amXm-hns aI-t\, \o Fs XmSnbpw
XeapSnbpw ]nSn-p-he
- n-t- . \nbw \o Ckvdm-Cu hwis `nnnp If-p Fpw Fs hmn\v Imn-cp-n Fpw \o ]d-bpsav Rm `b-sp.
684

95. aqkm tNmZnp, \n\-s-mWv ]d-bm-\p-Xv Hm kman--cnv?
96.
kma-cnv ]dp: Ch ImWm NneXv Rm Ip. As\ Rm

{]hmNIs Im]m-Sn\nv Hcp-]nSn as-Spv AXn-en-p. Fs
a\-v A{]-Imcw sNm Fs tXmn-np.
Am-lp-hn\nv XS-bpI FXmWv ]nim-Nns ZuXyw. Atm Amlp-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]vtNnp--Xn-\p-thn Fv klmbw
\Im\pw ]nimNv Hcp--am-Wv. ChnsS {]hmNIs aq-km-bpsS Im]mSn\nv
Hcp-]nSnav FSp-m\mWv ]nimNv kman-cnv tXmn-n--Xv. AXp-hgn aqkmsb
Hv {]tem-`n-n-m-\p {iahpw \S-n-p-X
- mbn ImWmw. An-km-Av: 48, bqkp^v:
97.
aqkm ]d-p, Atm \o ChnsS \nv t]mhp-I, sFlnI temIv

\n\-p in Fs kv]in-c
- pXv Fv ]d-vsImtbncnem-Wv. \nbw \n\v ewLn-s
- -Sm Hcp hmKvZka-bhpw Dv.
\o ]qPn-p-sIm-n-cp Cem-lns\ Rms\-mWv sNp--sX-v \o
t\mpIbpw sNpI. \mw AXns\ Icn-p-If
- b
- p-Ibpw ]ns AXns\
s]mSn-bmn IS sh-n Hgp-n--f-bp--Xp-am-Wv.
98.
\nbw \n-fpsS Cemlv Amlp am{X-am-Ipp, Ah-\

- msX asmcp
Cem-lp-an-. Ah Fm-Im-cy-s-p-dn-p-ap Adnhv Dsm-h-\p-am-Ip-p.
_Jd: 255, Xzmlm: 14 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
99.
A{]-Imcw apv Ign-p-t]mb kwK-Xn-I-sf-p-dn-p hrmw

\mw \n\v hnh-cnv Xcn-I-bm-Ip-p. \nbw \n \np Hcp
A\pkvacWw \mw \n\v \In-bn-p-ap-v.
100. BcmtWm AXn-s\s-mv Ah-K-Wn-p-t]m-Ip--Xv, Atm \nbw

Ah hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn ]m]-`mcw Npa-pI Xs sNpw.
101. Ah-c-Xn \nXy-hm-kn-Ifm-bn-cnpw, hn[n-Zn-h-k-\m-fn Ah -hlnp`mcw hf-sc -Zp-jn-XvXs!
Xzmlm (20)
685
Jp-B-\ns Bibw kXym-k-Xy-hn-th-N\ am\-Z-WvU-ambpw {Xmmbpw
ChnsS D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m-Xn-cp-m, AXv {Xmmbn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p hn[nZn-h-k-\m-fn, Ahv Xqw e`n-p-I-bn Fv AAvdm^v: 89, Ilv^v: 100106
kq--fn-semw ]d-n-p-v. AAvdm^v: 179, bq\pkv: 108, \lv: 64, Ilv^v: 28
102. kzq F Iml-f-n DuX-s-Sp Zn\w, At-Zn\w {`m-msc
\mw Xpdn Ip-I-tfm-Sp-IqSn ]p\Po-hn-nv Hcp-anvIqp--Xm-Wv.
Ckvdm-Av: 9798, abw: 86, Xzmlm: 74 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
103. \n ]p\mfp-I-f-msX Ign-p-Iq-n-bn-n Fv Ah ]c-kv]cw
ASw]dbpw.
104. Ah ]d-bp-Imcyw \apv Xs-bmWv Ghpw\mbn Adn-bp-I.
\n Hcp Znh-k-a-msX Ignp Iqn-bn-n Fmbncnpw Ahcnse apJy-m ]d-bpI.
Ilv^v: 19 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
105. ]-X--sf-p-dnv Ah \ntmSv tNmZn-p-Ibpw sNp-p-htm,
Atm \o ]d-bpI, Fs \mY AXns\ s]mSn-]-S-e-amn amp-Xm-Wv.
Awev: 88-, \o ]-Xsf Ddv \np--Xm-bn- IW-p-Iq-p-p, AtZn\w AXv taL Nen-p-Xpt]mse Nen-p-X
- mWv. Fm Imcy-fpw DXv]mZn-n Amlp Xs-bmWv AXpw DXv]m-Zn-n-p--Xv Fpw, AJm-cnA: 45
, a\pjy Av ]mdndp ]mI t]msebpw ]X- Av IS-sSp Infntcmaw t]msebpw B-Ip-sapw ]d-n-p-v. Ilv^v: 8 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mp-I.
106. As\ Ah AXns\ an\p-k-ap Ham_n hncn--Xp-t]m-sebm-p--Xm-Wv.
107. \o AXn bmsXmcp ]cp{]Xetam ]Xn-
e
- tam ImWp-Ib
-- n.
108. At-Zn-hkw Ah-scmw Hcp hnfn-phs hnfnsb ]n]-p-Xm-Wv. Bpw A]w-t]mepw h{I-X-Im-Wn-m km[y-a-. Av
i_vZ--sfmw ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-Is apn HXp-n-tmIp--Xm-Wv.
Atm \ob-hnsS ImeSni_vZ-a-msX asmpw tIp-I-bn-.
C{_mlnw: 4243 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
109. AtZn\w ip]mi-I-sfmpw D]-Im-c-s-Sp-I-bn-. BcmtWm ]c-aIm-cp-Wn-I\m kXw \I-sXv, BcpsS hmp-I-fmtWm Ah
Xr]vXn-s-Xv Ah-\p-sam-gn-sI.
686

110. Ah-cpsS apn-ep Hpw ]nn-epHpw Ah-\-dn-bpp. Ahs
Adn-hn\nv Hpw Ah hebwsNbvX-h-cp-a-.
_Jd: 255, C{_mlnw: 38, abw: 64 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
111. kzbw Pohn-p--h\pw ap--hsb Pohnnp-h-\p-am-b-hs
apn apJ--sfmw Ip\nv t]mIp-p. A\oXn-bpsS ]m]-`mcw
t]dnbh \jvS-s--Xp-X-s.
Xzmlm: 76, 100101 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
112. BcmtWm kI--fn\nv {]hn-p-Xv, Ah hnizmkn-bp-am-Wv. Atm Ah\v A\o-Xn-tbm Ah-Im-i-\n-tj-[tam `bs-tS--Xp-an-.
113. A{]-Imcw \man-Xns\ Ad-_n-bnhmbn-p Jp-B-\mbn Ah-X-cnn-n-cn-p-p. A-Xn \mw Nne hmKvZ-- hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p-ap-v.
Ah kq-va-X-bp--h-cm-Ip--Xn\pthn, As-n AXv lrZ-bns`mj-bn DWp h-am-\-am-bn-smv.
"Ad-_n-bn-emWv Jp-B-\ns hmb\' Fv ]d--Xp-sImv AXv Ad-_nIv am{X-amWv Fv hcp-n-. kqdv Ja-dn \mep {]hiyw Amlp tNmZnp-p, \n-b-w Cu Jp-B-\ns\ lrZ-bw-sImv a\-n-em-m \mw hfsc Ffp-am-n-bn-cn-pp, Fm BcmWv AXn\v Xm-dp-Xv? lnPv: 9, 12, \lv:
103104, Ckvdm-Av: 9, Ilv^v: 57 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.
114. Atm bYmcmPm-hmb Amlp AXyp-X
- \
- m-bn-cn-p-p. \nntev Znhy-k-tiw ]qn-bm-Ip--Xn\v apv \o Jp-B-\n\pthn
[rXn- ImWn-p-I-bpacp-Xv. Fs \mYm, F\nv \o Adnhv hnnv Xtc-Wta Fv \o {]mn-p-Ibpw sNp-I.
Jnbma: 1619 Amlp ]d-bp-p. Cu Jp-B [rXn-sv hi-m-p-Xn\pthn \o \ns \mhn--Sn-t--Xn-, \nbw \psS _m[y-X-bmWv AXns\
t{ImUo-I-cn-epw AXv HmXn-tn--epw. Atm AXv \mw \n\v HmXntn-p-X-m(Po_vco aptJ-\) \o B hmb-\-bmWv ]nt-Xv. ]ns
Xzmlm (20)
687
AXns\ hni-Zo-I-cnpX-cepw \psS _m[y-X- X-s-bm-Wv. AAAvem: 6-,
\mw \n\-Xv hmbn-p-X-cn-I-Xs sNpw, Atm \obXv ad-p-I-bn Fv ]dn-p-v. samw JpB\nsBibamWv kzntep GIhgnbpw Snpw.
Atm samw JpB\ns Bibw Amlp Dtinhn[n F\nv
a\nemntcWta DSabmb Fs \mYm! Fv {]mnm\mWv kqw
]TnnpXv. CXv {]mnpIbpw, samw JpB\ns Bibw FmsWv
a\nemm ]cn{ianmXncnpIbpw sNphcmWv bYmIm^ndpIsfv
AnkmAv: 150151 kqfn\nv a\nemmw. _Jd: 106,186 \lv: 125,
Ckvdm-Av: 86, Xzmlm: 1415 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
115. \n-b-w \mw BZ-an-t\mSv apv DS-Sn sNbvXn-p-m-bn-cpp, Fm
Ah-\Xv ad-p, \mw Ahs\ \n-b-ZmVy-aph-\mbn I-Xp-an-.
116. \nsfmhcpw BZan\v kpPqZv sNpI Fv \mw aepItfmSp
]d k`hpw HmtXmWv, Atm Ahscmhcpw kpPqZv
sNbvXp C_veokv HgnsI, Ah hnkXnp.
AAvdm^v: 1113 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
117. Atm \mw ]dp: Hm BZw, \nbw Ch \n\pw \ns
CWpw i{XphmIpp. Atm \n Zu`mKyhmamcmI
hn[w \nfncphtcbpw Ah kzn \nv ]pdmm
CShcmXncns.
118. \nbw \n\Xn hnitm \Xtbm A\p`hsSpIbn.
119. \nbw \n\hnsS Zmltam, kqcysNqtSm A\p`hsSpIbpan.
Xzmlm: 112 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
120. Atm ]nimNv Ahs lrZbn a{np, AhtNmZnp: Hm
BZta, \n\v imizXPohnXhpw Ahkm\nm B[n]Xyhpw
e`np Hcphrspdnv Rm ]dv Xcstbm?
121. As\ Ah cvt]cpw AXn\nv Xnp. Atm Ahncp
hpw AhcpsS Kplym\ shfnsSpIbpw kznse
CeIsfSpv Ah cvt]cpw Ah s]mm XpSpIbpw sNbvXp.
BZw Xs dns\ [ncnpIbpw Ans\ eyt_m[w
\jvSsh\mhpIbpw sNbvXp.
AAvdm^v: 179, 205, bqkp^v: 3 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
122. ]ns Xs \mY Ahs\ sXcsSpp, Ans\ Ahs
]mXm]w kzoIcnpIbpw amZi\w sNpIbpwsNbvXp.
688
AAvdm^v: 23 Xzmlm: 82 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.

123. Amlp ]dp: \nfncphcpw, apgph\mfpIfpw Nne Nnev
i{Xpfmbnsmv ChnsS \nv ]pdv t]mhpI. Ans\ Fn
\np amZi\w \nv hvInnbm; Atm BcmtWm
Fs amZi\w ]n]pXv Atmfh hgnsXpItbm
Zu`mKyhm\mhpItbm C.
\nfncphcpw Fv ]dXv BZans\bpw lsbbpamWv.
apgph\mfpIfpw Fv ]dXv BZansapXpInep Ay\m hscbp
samw a\pjyscbmWv. Nne Nnev i{Xpfmbnsmv Fv ]dXv
I]ShnizmknI hnizmknIv i{Xpfmbnsmv FpamWv. _Jd: 38,
AAvdm^v 24, lqZv: 105107 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
124. BcmtWm ZnIvcosb AhKWnXv, \nbw Ah\v Cln
CSpnb PohnXhn`hamWpXv. hn[nZnhkw Ahs\ IpcpS\mbn
]p\Pohnnv HcpanvIqpXpamWv.
Cu kqn ]d ZnIvco sImptinpXv apkqn ]d
amKZi\w XsbmWv. Ilv^v: 101, Xzmlm: 14, kzmZv: 8 Fo kqfn
]d ZnIvco sImptinpXpw JpB\ns Bibw XsbmWv. AAvdm^v:
2, lnPv: 6, 9 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
Ghpw \Xmb JpB\ns Bibs Ifhmn Xndm \mw
Ahs FmImcyfpw _pnapmpsav Ass: 910 kqfnepw
JpB\nsBibw aqSnsh Im^ndpIv AtZn\w hfsc _pnappXmbn
cnpsav ^pJm: 26 epw ]dnpv.
JpB\ns Bibs AhKWnh\v Cln CSpnb
PohnXhn`hamWpXv Fv kqn ]dXns hniZoIcWambnmWv
JpB\mWv {]amWnw, AXpmbm Zmcn{Zyan, AXnmsX sFizcyhpan
Fv \_n ]TnnnpXv. Amlp a\pjycn \nv IpSpw_s kzoIcnpp
Fv \_n ]TnnXpw JpB\ns Bibw ]n]phscpdnvXsbmWv.
Atm Ghpw henb {]amWnhpw {]Xm]hpw, B]v, hn]v, tcmK
apXembhbn\nv ImvkqnpXpamb JpB\ns Bibw hvInnbnv
D]tbmKsSpmhv, Cmbvabpw hmbvabpw Zmcn{Zyhpw kam[m\anm
bvabpw PohnXamfn ]ptcmKXnmbvabpambncnpw A\p`hw. \nbw
R Im^ndmbncppshv kzns\Xncmbn kmyw hlnpsImmWv
Ah acWsSpI Fv AAvdm^v: 37 Xu_: 55, 125 Fo kqfn
Xzmlm (20)
689
]dnpv. am{Xa Ahsc J_ CSppsapw \_n ]Tnnnv. bq\pkv: 17,
bqkp^v: 53, dAvZv: 28, CkvdmAv: 72, 9798 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
125. Ah ]dbpw: Fs\mYm Fs \o FmWv IpcpS\mbn
]p\cpohnnv HcpanpIqnbXv . Rm sFlnItemIv
Imgvbph\mbncpphtm.
126. Amlp ]dbpw: A{]Imcw \psS kq \n\v hpInn.
Fm \o Ahsb hnkvacnvPohnp. A{]Imcw Cv \obpw
hnkvacnsncnbmWv.
Cu kqn \npw ZnIvco sImp hnh JpB kq
XsbmsWv a\nemmw. PohnXeyw a\nemm\pw {kjvSmhns\
Ism\papXIp DmgvNZmbIamb JpB\ns Bibw ImWpXn\,v
Ins Imgv N D]tbmKsSpmXv sImmWv Ahsc IpcpSmcmbn
]p\cpohnnsSpXpw hnkvacnsSpXpw. AAvdm^v: 179, CkvdmAv: 1315,
Ilv^v: 57, Xzmlm: 100101 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
127. A{]ImcamWv \mw ]cn[newLnv , Xs\mYs kqfn
hnizknmsX Pohnph\v {]Xnêw \IpI. ]ctemIs
inbmIs, AXnITn\hpw mbnbmbXpambncnpw.
bq\pkv: 78, dAvZv: 3031, Ilv^v: 87, 106 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
128. Chv apv F{Xsb{X XeapdIsfbmWv \mw \innnpXv FXv
Chv amZi\atbm? AhcpsS hmkefneqsSbtm
Ch kcnpsImncnpXv? \nbw AXn _pn
IqaXbphv [mcmfw ]mT--fp-v.
kPZ: 26, kam\Bibnep kqamWv. bmko: 31 Amlp
tNmZnpp: Ahpapv F{Xsb{X XeapdIsfbmWv \mw \innnpXv!
Ahcmcpw ChcpsS ASptv Xncnphcpn Fh a\nempnt?
Xzmlm: 54, bp\pkv: 39, 54 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
129. \ns \mY\n \np Hcp hN\hpw \nbn Hcp Ah[nbpw
apISnnmbncppshn AXv in Chcnepw kw`hn
pambncpp.
apIS hN\w a\nempXnv AAvdm^v: 24 Dw \nbn Ah[n
a\nempXnv bp\pkv: 4849 Dw hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
130. Atm Ah ]dpsImncnpXn \o anpI.
690
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
kqtcymZbn\v appw AXns AkvXabn\v appw \ns \mYs\
kvXpXnpsImv hmgvnsmncnpIbpw sNpI. cm{XnbpsS
bmafnepw ]Iens Afnepw Atm \o Ahs\
hmgvnsmncnpI. \o Xr]vXnsh\mIpXn\pthn.
lqZv: 11415, CkvdmAv: 78 hniZoIcWw t\mpI. lqZv: 114 ]Iens

cfn FmWv ]dsXn ChnsS ]Iens Afn AYhm
aqfn FmWv ]dnpXv. \akvImcw \ne\npXv JpB\ns
Bibw \ne\npXn\msWv Xzmlm: 14 ImWpI. Atm lp
hnZmAv shv \_n ]TnnX\pkcnv JpB\ns Bibw AWp]tbmKnv
ISnp]nSnncnpIbmWv Amlp Xr]vXnsSpXn\pthn Cv sNtXv.
Fm ^pJm: 18 sIP\X Fv hntijnns apkvenwI icocw
sImp \akvImcw \nlnphcmsWnepw JpB Fv? Fn\v?
FpsImv? Fsmpw a\nemm {ianmhcmWv. AhsXncm
bnmWv hn[nZnhkw JpB\pw \_nbpw kmn \npIbpw hmZnpIbpw
sNpI. AAvdm^v: 170, 175176, 206, Xzmlm: 124127 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
131. sFlnItemIv \mw Ahv \Inbnp tPmSnIfmb
kpJmVw`cfntev \ns ZrjvSnI XncnpIbpacpXv. \mw
Ahsc AXphgn ]conpIbmIpp. \ns \mYs hn`h
XsbmWv Dahpw mbnbmbnpXpw.
C_vdmlow: 30, lnPv: 8788 hniZoIcWw t\mpI. \ns \mYs
hn`h XsbmWv Dahpw mbnbmbnpXpw Fv ]dXnse hn`hw
sImptinpXv AAvdm^v: 26, lqZv: 88 kqfn ]d Bmhns
`Whpw hkv{Xhpamb JpB\ns Bibw XsbmWv. Xu_: 100, Ilv^v: 46
hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
132. \ns IpSpw_mwKsf \akvImcwsImv InpIbpw, \o
AXnsta nc\njv T bph\mbncnpIbpw sNpI, \mw
\ntmSv `Whn`hsfmpw tNmZnpn. \mw XsbmWv
\n\v `Whn`h \IpXv. \]cyhkm\w JpB\ns
Bibw ]n]phv XsbmWv.
\nbw \akv I mcw hoizmknIv kabw \nbns Hcp
_m[yXbmsWv AnkmAv: 103epw, JpB\ns Bibw CmsX Hcmfpw
hnizmknbmhpIbnsv lqZv: 100epw ]dnpv. aplZv\_ntbmSv am{Xa
krjv S nItfmSmtcmSpw Xs Amlp `Whn`h BhiysSpn.
Amlphntev _enarKfpsS amwktam ctam Fpn, adnv
\nfnep `b`nam{XamWv FpI Fv lv : 37 ]dnpv .
Amcnbmv: 5657, Rm PnpItfbpw a\pjytcbpw Fs tkhnm
Xzmlm (20)
691
thnbmsX krjvSnntbn. Rm Ahcn \nv `Whn`hsfmpw
Dtinpn, Ah Fs XontmWsapw Dtinpn. CXn\npw
Amlphns {]Xn\n[nIfmbn Pohnm a\pjycmcpw Xs \akvIcnpItbm
{hXa\pjvTnpItbm sNtXn Fv a\nemmw. AYhm JpB\ns
BibanmsX \akvIcnpIbpw {hXa\pjvSnpIbpw, Amlphn\v ]mfnIsf
sIna,v Ahv `Whn`h t\bmbn \onshpIbpw sNphv
Cln \nyXbpw ]cn ]ngbmbn \cIIpWv T hpw e`npXmWv .
Ckvemans\ hnIrXamp, JpB\n\v hncpamb Ccw BNmcm\pjvSm\
sImp\SpXn\v t{]cnnp Ahcnse I]ShnizmknI hnNmcWbnm
sXbpw, A\pbmbnI hnNmcWvtijhpw \cIn t]mIpXmWv. Xu_:
5355, 125, bq\pkv: 18, lqZv: 49, C_vdmlow: 2122, 2830, Alv: 2425 hniZoIcWw
t\mpI.
133. Ah tNmZnpIbpw sNpp: FmWv Xs \mY\n \np
HcpZrjv S mhpw Rfnteh sImphcmXv ? ]q
thZfnse shfn]mSpI Ahv hvInnbnnstm?
\lv: 89, CkvdmAv: 59, Xzmlm: 128 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
134. CXn\papv hinbpwsImv \mw Ahsc \innncppshn
\nbw Ah]dbpIXs sNpambncpp: RfpsS \mYm, \o
Rfntev Hcp {]hmNIs\ AbpIbpw As\ R
\nycpw ]XnXcpamIpXnvapv \ns kq ]n]m
Rv Ahkcw InpIbpw sNbvXncpsn!
JpB\ns\bpw {]hmNIs\bpw Xndbp FmImepap
P\XbpsS AhbmWv Cu kqn Nn{XoIcnnpXv. Cv BP\X
apkv e nwI am{XamWv . Ah {]]w AXns kpenXmhbn
\ne\nm\p {Xmpw Aam\pamb JpB\ns Aibw kzbw
aqSnshpIbpw, ABw: 26, AAv d m^v : 157158 XpSnb kqsf
AhKWnpsImv apP\Xv \ImXncnpIbpw sNpXvsImmWv
temIshnsSbpw Ah \nycpw \nIrjvScpw ]XnXcpw ]nSnhn
bnmhcpambn A[x]XnnpXv. Ah Poh shSnbpXv Im^ndpIfpw
A{IanIfpw sXmSnIfpambnsmmbncnpsav Xu_: 8485, 125 Fo
kqfn ]dnpv. {Xo{hhmZ{]h\fnepw cw NnpXnepw
A{Iafnepw apgpInbncnp Cu P\Xbnse t\Xmfmb I]Shnizmkn
IsfbmWv, Cukm\_nbpsS cmw hchn\v tijw AnkmAv: 91, Xu_: 123,
AAvkm_v: 61 Fo kqfpsS I\{]Imcw CXcP\X h[np IfbpXv.
JpB\ns Bibw aqSnsh Ah \cIns hndIpIfmsWv AenCwdm:
10mw kqns hniZoIcWn \_n ]Tnnnpv . Xzmlm: 124127
hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
Jp-B-\ns Bmhv
135. ]dbpI: Fmhcpw ImncnphcmIpp, As\ \nfpw
Imncnpho, Atm ASppXs \nfdnbpw, BcmWv t\sc
sNmsbp ]mXbnbnsepw BcmWv kmw {]m]nnp
hscpw.
692
ASppXs \nfdnbpw FXpsImptinpXv hynIsf

kw_nv acWamWv . \n F A`nkwt_m[\n JpB
hmbnphcpw tIphcpamWv hcnI. t\sc sNmtbp ]mX JpB\ns
Bibw XsbmWv. Xzmlm: 123 hniZoIcWw t\mpI. kmw
sNsnph FXpsImptinpXv kmamb JpB\ns Bibw
]n]phscbmWv . JpB\ns Bibw e`nnv ]n]mXncnpIbpw
aphv \ImXncnpIbpw sNph XsbmWv acWkabv
kzns\Xncmbn kzbw Im^ndmsWv kmyw hlnpI. Ahsc apgph\pw
\cIn HcpanpIqsSpXpamWv. CkvdmAv: 9798, Xzmlm 124127 hniZoIcWw
t\mpI.
RfpsS \mYm, JpB\ns Bibs Rv A\pIqeambn
kmn\nphw FXncmbn Rpthn hmZnpIbpw
ip]misNpIbpw sNphw FXncmbn D]tbmKsSpm Rsf
A\p{KlntWta! Rv tcmKia\hpw ImcpWyhpambnsmv, Fmhn[
B]v hn]pIsfsmpw \cIssmpw Zmcn{Zyw, ep_vZv, knt\mSp
Xzc XpSnb ZpKpWsfsmpw Impkqnp ]cnNbmbn
D]tbmKsSpm Rsf A\p{KlntWta. Hm Fmw Imp
kqnpht\,
FmwImpkqnp
JpB\nsBibw
AhXcnnnpht\! Amlpth, Rsf \o AImcfn \nv
\nntev, {]ImiamIp JpB\ns Bibw sImv ]pdsSphnntWta,
Hm BImi`qanIfpsS {]Imiambnpht\!
693
AnbmAv (21)
21. A AnbmAv
hnhn[ \_namcpsS kw`hNcn{X ]cmain kqdmbXpsImmWv
CXn\v AnbmAv \_nam Ft] hnpXv. hnizmk ZrVoIcWamWv
kqdns {]tabw FXn\m CXv \_nbpsS amPohnXns
ayLnembnmWv AhXcnnpsXv a\nemmw.
Ggp Lfnembp a\pjy PohnXns \memwLamb `qanbnse
PohnXw, eyt_m[anmsX Xn\om\pX; adnv Fm Imcyfpw
hniZoIcnp {kjvSmhn \np GI{Kns Bmhmb JpB\ns
Bibw D]tbmKsSpn, {kjvSmhns\ Xncndnv Ahchsc Xncndnv
\sImpw XnsImpap ]coWLfn AXns\ apdpsInSnv
kXyn Ddp\npIbpw, {kjvSmhv \Inb A\p{Kl D]tbmKSpn
kzKw ChnsS]WnbpIbpw sNpXn\mWv . ]ctemIv ChnsS ]WnX
kzKamWv A\cmhImiambn e`npI. Ahkm\s \_nbmb
aplZv \ _nbSw \_namscmw Xs ]pcpjmcmbncpp. Ahv
Znhyktiambn \InbncpXv Htc thZns Bmhv Xsbmbncpp. Cv
GXpImcyspdnpw kwib tNmZntXv thZns Bmhmb
JpB\ns Bibw AdnbphtcmSmbncnWsapw ]Tnnpp. JpB\ns
Bibw hvInnbnv D]tbmKsSpmh acWkabv, R A{IanI
Xsbmbncppshv hne]npsav apdnbnv \Inbncnpp. Hcp hnizmkn
{kjvSmhns\ am{Xw `bsv, Ahs\am{Xw B{ibnv, tkhnv, Ah Xr]vXns
GIPohnXhyhbmb Ckveman \nesImWsav ]Tnnpp.
aXsfmwXs Fm\_namcpw ]Tnn Cu GIhyhbn \nv
krjvSnI hyXnNennpmnbhbmsWpw AXn\m {kjvSmhnsbSp
kzoImcyaspw ]Tnnpp.
Fhpw almb ImcpWyamb JpB\ns BibhpwsImv Abs
aplZv\_n khtemIpw ImcpWyhm\msWv ]Tnnpp. GI\mb
Cemlns\ ]cnNbsSppXnv thnbmWv Fm \_namcpw Fm
{]hmNImcpw hnpXv. B Cemlns\ XsbmWv Bdmbncn Ccpqn
apnbmdv kq AhXcnnpXpw. \_namcpsS kw`hNcn{XfneqsS
kzKntep GI]mX, hfsc ZpLSamsWv ]TnnpIbpw Amlphns
]miamb JpB\ns Bibs apdpsInSnv amioecmbn Pohnm
ImcyImcW_n\v AXoXambn \_namsc klmbnXpt]mse Amlp
GXpImep hnizmknItfbpw klmbnpsapw ]Tnnpp. Clnepw
694
JpB\ns Bmhv
]cnepw BXynIhnPbw hnizmknIv Xsbmbncnpsapw ]Tnnpp.
JpB\ns BibwsImv Clnepw ]cnepw hn[nI]np
\njv]hm\mb \mYt\mSpam{Xta klmbw A`ynmhq Fv
]TnnpsImv 112 kqfSnb kqdv Ahkm\npp.
1. P\v AhcpsS hnNmcW ASpncnpp. AhcmIs
A{ibn AXns\ AhKWnpsImncnphcmIpp.
hynIfpsS hnNmcWmkabw sImptinpXv acWhpw samw
a\pjycptSXv hn[nZnhkhpamWv. Hmtcmcpcpw AhchcpsS acWtijap
PohnXn\pthn FmWv kmZnnpsXv CltemIpshpXs,
JpB\ns Bibw {Xmmbn D]tbmKsSpn ]cntim[nWsamWv
kqw BhiysSpXv . Fm Hmtcm Bbncnepw sXmmbncn
sXmqn HXpw AXns Imcyn A{icmWv. Xu_: 8082, bq\pkv: 78
\lv: 1, 64, Xzmlm: 124127 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
2. AhcpsS \mY\n \np Hc\pkvacWhpw Ahv hpInpn,
Ah AXns\ Xamibmbnsmv tInmsX.
JpB\ns Bibs KuchnseSppXn\v ]Icw a\pjy AXns\
tIXpw ]cnKWnpXpw, Xamibmbnpw ]cnlmkyambnpamWv FmWv
kqneqsS Bt]npXv. \nbw JpB kv]jvSamb hmpI
XsbmWv, AmsX AXv Xamib Fv AzmcnJv: 1314 kqfn
]dnpv . Fm Im^ndpI AXns\ XndbpIsbXv AhcpsS
`Wampsav AhmJnA: 82 apdnbnv \Inbnpv. Acmv
JpB\ns Bibw a\nemIpIbn Fv AhmJnA: 79epw ]dnpv.
ABw: 4, AAvdm^v: 5051, lnPv: 69 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
3. AhcpsS lrZb iyq\yXbnepamWv. Ahcnse A{IanIfmbnph
clkyambn ]ckv]cw tNmZnpIbpw sNpp: CXv \nsftmsebp
Hcpa\pjy am{Xatbm? Atm \n DmgvN
Dhcmbns Ahs amcWn sNv NmSpItbm?
DmgvNZmbIamb JpB\ns BibsbmWv kqn amcWw
sImptinpXv . JpB\ns Bibs amcWsav ]dbphcmWv
A{IanIfpw lrZb iyq\yambhcpw, Ah F{X aXùXnIhnZy`ymkw
t\SnbhcmsWnepw icn. kz^v^v: 6, X\nv tijw "-AlvaZv' Fv t]cp
Hcp dkqens \ntbmKsn Cukm\_n, Ahv apdnbnv \Insbnepw
Atlw hyambsXfnhpIfpwsImv AhcpsS ASpv sNtm CXv
AnbmAv (21)
695
hyamb amcWamWv FmWh ]dXv Fv ]dnpv. CkvdmAv: 47,

^pJm: 8 Fo kq Ahkm\npXv, \nbw \n ]n]pXv
amcWn\v hnt[bams Hcp ]pcpjs\bmsXb Fv A{IanI ]dbpp
Fv ]dp sImmWv . ChnsS "- a mcWn\v hnt[bams' Fv
]dXnse "-amcWw' JpB\ns BibamWv. bq\pkv: 65, lqZv: 56, lnPvd: 6,
\lv: 127 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
4. ]dbpI: Fs \mY BIminepw `qanbnepap hmpIsfmsbpw
Adnbph\mIpp. Ah Fmw tIp, Adnbph
Xsbtm!
Xu_: 51, CkvdmAv: 30 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
5. A, Ah ]dbpp: CXv t]n\mhpIfmIpp. A, CXv Ch
sInaXmIpp. A, Ch Hcp IhnbmIpp. Atm
]qnIcntev AbsXpt]msebp Hcp ZrjvSmw Ah \app
sImphcs.
JpB t]n\mhpIfmsWpw A, aplZv sInap ]dbpXm
sWpw IhnXbmsWpsamamWv \ntj[nI Btcm]nncpXv. bmko: 69
Amlp ]dbpp: \mw Atls IhnX ]Tnnnn. IhnbmbncnpI FXv
Atln\v tbmPnXpa. CXv hyamb Hcp A\pkvacWhpw hyamb
JpB\pamsXb. JpB\ns bYm Bibw GXpImev ]dmepw
FgpXnbmepw AXv t]n\mhpIfmWv, ]phmZamWv, ZqhymJym\amWv
FsmamWv BibanmsX IgpXIsftmse AXv hlnp P\X
Btcm]npI. AXv]dbp hnizmknsbpdnv Xo{hhmZnbmWv, {`m\mWv,
kaqln `nnpmph\mWv Fpw apw Ah Btcm]npXmWv.
AmcWm Ahsc AAvdm^v: 176 D]{Zhnmepw Csnepw amw hcm
]ntbmSv D]anncnpp. Ahv Cln \nyXbpw ]cn AXnITn\amb
inbpamWpXv. bq\pkv: 38, bqkp^v: 44, Xzmlm: 128 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
6. Chv apv \mw \inn \mpImcmcpw Xs hnizknpIbpmbn.
Atm ChcmtWm hnizknm t]mIpXv?
Hcp \mnse Fm \nhmknIfpw A{IanIfmbn Asn sXmSnIfmbn
amdptmgmWv B \mSns\ \innmdpXv. bq\pkv: 17,54 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
JpB\nsBibw kzbw D]tbmKnmXncnpIbpw aphv D]tbmKnm
\ImXncnpIbpw sNphcmWv A{IanIfpw sXmSnIfpw Fv _Jd: 99,
amCZ: 51 hni-Zo-I-cWn hmbnpI. AXpsImv apkvenwIfmcpw Xs C\n
hnizknpIbn. JpB\ns BibanmsX hnizmknbmhm km[yasv
bq\pkv: 99100 kqfn hmbnpI. AnkmAv: 133 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
696
JpB\ns Bmhv
7. \n\v apv Znhyktiw \Insmv \mw ]pcpjmscbmsX
{]hmNImcmbn \ntbmKnnn. Atm \n Adnhnmhcm
sWn JpB\ns Bibw AdnbphtcmSp tNmZnpt\mpI.
GsXmcp hnjbspdnpw Adnhnm Imcy JpB\ns Bibw
Adnbp ]pcpjmtcmSmWv tNmZntXv FmWv kqw ]TnnpXv.
bq\pkv: 94, \lv: 2, 4344, Xzmlm: 124 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
8. \mw Ahv `Ww Ignm icocw \Inbnpan. Ah
imizXcpambncpnpan.
`qanbn \ntbmKns Fm {]mhmNImcpw a\pjycns] ]pcpjmcpw
`Ww Ignphcpw AmSnbn kcnphcpambncpp. aplZv \_nbpw
AtX kz`mhn Dh XsbmWv FmWv kqw ]TnnpXv. amCZ:
75, CkvdmAv: 9096 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. Ah imizXcpambncpnpan Fv
ChntSbpw, \n\v apv Hcp a\pjyt\bpw \mw imizX\mnbnn, Atm \o
acnpIbmsWn AhcmtWm imizXcmhm t]mIpXv Fv kqw 34epw
]dXv NqnmWnpsImv, Cukm\_nbpw acnnpv Fv
kanpIbpw, B hnizmkw `qcn] apkvenwIfpsS ta sInshv Ahsc
\cIntev XnhnSpIbpw sNp a\pjynimNpsfsImv apkvenwtemIw
\ndv sImncnpIbmWv. Ay{InkvXphmb akolpmens hcthmSpIqSn
hnizmknIfm apkvenwIsfmw Xs B hnizmkn AIsSpI Xs
sNpw. tijw Cukm\_n hv, Rm {]hmNI\pw dpamsWv hmZnp
Ay{Inkv X phns\ h[npXmWv . XpSv Ccw I]ShnizmknIsf
h[npsImv Xu_: 123s I]\ \SnempIbpw samw temIv Amlp
Xr]vXns GIPohnXhyhbmb Ckvemw \Sn hcnIbpw sNpXmWv.
AnkmAv: 91, 159160 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
9. ]ns AhtcmSp sNbvX hmKvZm\ \mw kXysSpn As\ \mw
Ahscbpw \mw Dtinphtcbpw csSppIbpw AXncv
Ihnhsc \mw \innpIbpw sNbvXp.
Ahscbpw \mw Dtinhtcbpw csSpn Fv ]dXv
{]hmNImtcbpw hnizmknItfbpw \mw csSpn FmWv. bq\pkv: 103,
bqkv^v: 109110 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
10. \nbw \mw \nv Hcp {Kw AhXcnnv Xnpv, AXn
\nsfpdnv Hmannnpapv. Atm \n _pn D]tbmKnv
Nnnpntbm.
BcmWv a\pjy, FhnsSbmWv Ahs\ BZyw krjvSnsXv, Ahs
Bmhv, Poh, icocw, P\\w, Ddw, PohnX eyw, acWw, acWtijap
AnbmAv (21)
697
Ah, Ahs hnNmcW, AhsXs sXmenbpw tIhnbpw ImgvNbpw

_pninbpw Ahs\Xncmbnv kmyw ]dbp cwKw, Ahs ]ncSnbn
_nnnp Iyq, Fmw Ahs\Xncmbnv kmyw hlnp cwKw,
a\pjyPohnXns imizXLamb Ggmw Ln BcmWv kzntev
t]mhph, BcmWv \cIntev t]mhph, BcmWv aptemIfntev
AbsSph Fv XpSn Fm Imcyfpw lrZbns `mjbn
Hmnnp JpB\ns BibspdnmWv; \nsfpdnv
Hmnnnp {Kw Fv ]dXv. a\pjyscpdnv Hmnnnp {Kamb
Amlphn \nv AhXcnnnp GI{KnsBmhv XsbmWv
\nv hpInbnpXv. lnPv: 9, \lv: 89, _Jd: 44, AAvdm^v: 169, bq\pkv:
16, lqZv: 51 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
11. F{Xsb{X \mSpIsfbmWv Ah A{IanIfmbtm \mw
XcnWampIbpw; AXn\ptijw \mw apP\Xsb AhnsS
\phfpIbpw sNbvXXv.
ABw: 133, bq\pkv: 54, \lv: 61, Ilv^v: 57, AnbmAv: 6 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
12. As\ \psS hn]v Ahv Bkambtm AhcXm
AXn\nv HmSn csSm {ianpp.
13. \n HmSn cstS, \n A\p`hnv sImncnp
kpJmVw`cfntepw \nfpsS hoSpIfntepw Xs
aSnsImpho; \n tNmZyw sNsSpIXsthWw FXn\v
thn.
14. Ah ]dp, Hm RfpsS \miw! \nbw R A{IanI
Xsbmbncpphtm.
kqw 46Dw CtX BibtmSpIqSnbmWv Ahkm\npXv. Xu_: 8485,
125, bq\pkv: 17 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
15. B \nehnfnbn\nv Ah hncanpIbn, saXnsSp sshtm
t]mse \mw Ahsc ]qambn \innsSpXv hsc.
apAvan\q: 99100 IqnhmbnpI. AAvdm^v: 3740, lqZv: 100101 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI.
16. BImi`qanItfbpw Ahbv v cn\panSbnephtbbpw \mw
698
JpB\ns Bmhv
IfnXamibmbn krjvSnnpXpa.
"- A hbv v cn\panSbnephtbbpw' Fv ]dXnemWv a\pjy

DsSpI. _pnin \Inbnp Ah\v aphsbsbmw A[o\sSpn
Pohnm\p Ignhv \InbnpXv, krjvSmhns {]Xn\n[nbmbn PohnpXnv
thnbmWv . {]]s AXns kpenXmhbn \ne\nm
JpB\ns Bibw {Xmmbn D]tbmKsSppIbpw thWw. Atm
JpB\ns Bibw {]kvXpX eyn\p]tbmKsSpp hnizmknI
am{Xta, "-BImi`qanItfbpw Ahbvv cn\panSbnephtbbpw shdpsX
krjvSnnpX' Fv a\nemn Pohnv acnpIbpq. Ah Bbncn
Hv am{XamWpXv. Ah am{Xta krjvSmhns\ Iv appIbpapq. BenCwdm:
190191, lnPv : 85 hni- Z o- I - c Ww t\mpI. {Kn Bibn \nv ,
krjvSmhns\ ChnsS shv Ismhcpw JpB\ns samw Bibw
hvInnbnv AXns\ krjvSmhntep Snmbn D]tbmKsSpmhcpamb
Fm Hmtcm Bbncnepw sXmmbncnsXmqn HXpw ]nimNns hoSmb
\cIn B]XnpXpamWv. C{_mlow: 2830, Xzmlm: 124127 hni-Zo-I-cWw
t\mpI.
17. \mw Hcp IfnXami sXscsSpm Dtinncppshn \n
\nv Xs \maXv sXscsSppambncpp. \nbw \mw Fpw
{]hnph XsbmIpp.
krjv S mhv BImi`qanItfbpw Ahbv nSbnepff hkv X ptfbpw
eyanmsX hnt\mZn\v thn krjvSnX FmWv _pnin\Inb
a\pjysc AdnbnpXv. samw JpB\nsBibw kXymkXyhnthN\
am\Zambpw DmgvNZmbIambpw D]tbmKsSpmh, {]]n
\Sp kw`hhnImksfmwXs, ambbmbnpw krjvSmhns
eoemhnt\mZfmbnpamWv ]cnKWnpI. a\pjyPohnXw Fv ]dm
\memwLamb `qanbnsePohnXw am{XamsWv ]cnKWnp Ccm,
a\pjyPohnXnse Ignpt]mb aqpLsftbm, hcm\p aqv
Lsftbm a\nemmhcmWv. JpB\ns Bibs Aam\mbn
]cnKWnp hnizmknIv, ChnsS \Sp Fm kw`hhnImkfpsSbpw
\nPnXnbpw A\cêfpw a\nemm km[npXpw, Ah AhcpsS
DchmZnw \nlnm Cu Ahkcsfmw D]tbmKsSppXpamWv.
Npcpn kzn krjvSnv `qanbntev \ntbmKns a\pjy, PohnX
eyw a\nemn kznep krjvSmhntev XncnpsNpXnv thn,
kzw ChnsS ]WnbWsamWv JpB\ns BibneqsS a\pjysc
HmnnpXv. _Jd: 261, lqZv: 107108 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
18. A, \mw kXyw sImv anYybpsSta CSnpp. Atm kXyw
anYysb XpSpp. As\ AXv Xntcm`hnpp. \n Pnv
AnbmAv (21)
699
sImncnpXnv \nv \cInse "-ssh' F sNcnhmWp

Xv.
kXyw sImptinpXv JpB\nsBibamWv. Cmev
JpB\nsBibw ]n]m km[npIbn Fv ]dpsImv JpB\ns
Bibn\v hncpambn PnhnXw \bnpIbpw; AtXmsSmw JpB HmXpIbpw
\akvImcw, {hXw, lv Fo A\pjvTm\I \nlnpIbpw sNbvXm
Ckvemw ]qnbmbn Fv [cnpIbpw, CXv P\sf ]TnnpIbpw sNbvXv
`qanbpsS \min\v BwIqp I]ShnizmknIv \cInse "-ssh' F
sNcnhmWpXv FmWv kqw apdnbnv \IpXv. Xu_: 5355, A^m:
8, C{kmAv: 81, 105, Xzmlm: 131132 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
19. BImifnepw `qanbnepaphsbmwXs Ah\pXmIpp.
Ahs ASpph Ahs\ tkhnpXn Alcnphc.
Ah aSppfhmsSphcpa.
[nmckz`mhanm aepIfpsS kz`mhamWv Cu kqn hcv
ImWnncnpXv. AXphgn Ahscmfpw DX]Zhnbnep hnizmknI
Amlphns tkh\n IqSpX hym]rXcmhWw FmWv BhiysSpXv.
Cv Amlphns\ tkhnpI, klmbnpI FXpsImptinpXv,
{]]w AXns kpenXmhbn \ne\nm\mhiyamb JpB\ns
Bibw, temIcn AXv Inmhv FnpsImSpepw, AXv aqSnshp
I]ShnizmknItfmSv AXpsImv PnlmZv sNepamWv. Ah aSppfhm
sSphcpa Fv ]dXns hnh, {kjvSmhns ktiamb JpB\ns
Bibw temIv FnpsImSppXn\nv Ahsc ]nncnnm Hcp
inpw km[npIbn FmWv. amCZ: 67, Xu_: 120125, \lv: 4850 hniZo-I-cWw t\mpI.
20. Ah cmhpw ]Iepw CSXShnmsX Ahs\ hmgvphcmIpp.
21. AX, `qanbn\nv Ahsc \vhfm Ignhp CemlpIsf
sXcsSpncnpIbmtWm?
bYm Cemlmb Amlp, kzn krjvSn a\pjysc \memw
Lamb `qanbn P\nnpIbmWv sNpXv. B Cemlns\ Hgnhmn Ahs
krjvSnIsf CemlpIfmbn sXscsSpnph, B CemlpI `qanbn
\nv Ahsc \v hfpp FmtWm IcpXpXv Fv tNmZnpIbmWv.
_Jd: 28, AnkmAv: 1 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
22. Ahcnepw Amlphns\qSmsX thsd CemlpIfpmbncpp
700
JpB\ns Bmhv
shn Ahcpw Ftm \inpambncpp. Atm knwlmk\n\v
DSabmb Amlp AhcpsS h\sbsXmv Gsd ]cnip\mIpp.
{]]w AXns kpe\n \ne\npp FXv Cemlns

GIXzsbmWv kqNnnpXv. JpB\ns Bibw kanp GI\mb
Cemlns\ AwKoIcnpsImv Pohnp hnizmknI Dtm am{XamWv
{]]w \ne\npI. JpB\ns Bibw PohnnpIhgn Amlphns\
PohnnpIbpw {]hmNIs PnhnXw kmysSppIbpw sNp Hcp
hnizmknbpw `qapJv CmXmIptmgmWv Cu temIw \inpIbpw hn[nZnhkw
\Sn hcnIbpw sNpI. A^m: 33, bq\pkv: 54, CkvdmAv: 4244 hni-Zo-IcWw t\mpI.
23. Ah {]hnpXns\sXmv tNmZyw sNsSpIbn, Ah
{]hnpXns\pdnv tNmZyw sNsSpXpamWv.
{kjv S mhv Xnjv S w {]hnp, tNmZywsNsSm, D]abpw
DZmlcWhpanm, BZyhpw Ayhpanm, CWXpWbnm GI\mWv.
krjvSnIsfmw Xs Ahs\ B{ibnphcpw tNmZyw sNsSphcpamWv.
Ahs\ am{Xw B{ibnpIbpw amscbpw B{ibnmXncnpIbpw sNp
a\pjycn\np hnizmknIsfbmWv \njvIfcmb Ahs ASnaIsfv
]dbpXv. Fm \_namcpw hnizmknIfpw \njvIfcpamWv. lqZv: 117118, bqkp^v:
24, \lv: 99, adnbw: 64, AnbmAv: 17, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
24. AX, Ah Ahs\qSmsX thsd Cemlns\ sXscsSp
ncnppthm? ]dbpI: \n \nfpsS sXfnhv sImphcnI.
CXmWv FtmsSmap A\pkv a cWhpw F\nv apphtcm
sSmap A\pkvacWhpw, Fm Ahcn A[nIt]cpw kXyw
AdnbmhcmIpp. Atm Ah AXns\ AhKWnv sImncn
phcpamIpp.
ChnsS JpB\ns Bibn\v _plmsXfnhv , lJv kXyw,
ZnIvdvA\pkvacWw, Fo aqpt]cpI D]tbmKnnpv. AnkmAv: 174,
bq\pkv: 108, \lv: 44, IqnhmbnpI. JpB\ns Bibw hvInnbnv
AhKWnv PohnphcmWv {`mmcpw A{IanIfpw \cIn ]n, ]n,
s]cpmgn Fo PohPmefpsS cq]n ]p\PohnnsSphcpw Fv
bYm{Iaw bq\pkv: 17, Ilv^v: 57, amCZ: 60, AAvdm^v: 176, Xzmlm: 124127 hni-ZoI-cWn hmbnpI.
25. \n\v apv \mw Hcp {]hmNIs\bpw Abnn, \nbw Rm\msX
asmcp Cemlpw C Fv Atlntev Znhyktiw
\InbnnmsX. Atm \n Fsam{Xw tkhnphcmhpI.
AnbmAv (21)
701
Amlphns ASnaIfmb a\pjy, Ah\v thn am{Xw Pohnphcpw,

Ahs\ tkhnphcpw, Ahs\ klmbnphcpw, Ahs\am{Xw
`bsSphcpw, Ahs\am{Xw B{ibnphcpamIWsapw, Ahs apn
am{Xta PohnXspdnv hn[nZnhkw Dcw ]dtbXpq Fpw
]TnnpXnv thnbmWv JpB\ns Bibhpw sImv {]hmNImsc
sbmw \ntbmKnsnpXv FmWv kqw ]TnnpXv. Fm B
t_m[n \nesImpI, kzntep Bbncn Hmb JpB\ns
Bibw apdpsI ]nSnv Pohnp hnizmknI am{XamWv. _Jd: 152, lnPv:
9091, \lv: 2, 36, Xzmlm: 14, AnbmAv: 7 hni-Zo-I-cWn hmbnpI.
26. Ah ]dbpIbpw sNpp, ]caImcpWnI Hcp km\s
sXscsSpncnppshv. Ahs\{Xtbm ]cnip! Fm
Ah Ahs BZcWobcmb ASnaI am{XamIpp.
"-Ah' Fv ]dbphcn hnhn[ aXmcmb, Xfntev \ntbmKns
{]hmNImsc ssZh]p{Xmcmbn Nn{XoIcnp blqZnIfpw {InkvXym\nIfpw,
aepIsf ssZh]p{XnIfpw PnpIsf ssZh]p{Xmcpambn Nn{XoIcnncp
amapiv c npIfpw AhcptSXn\v kam\amb hnizmkw shp]pep
CptemIp apkvenwIfSap Fma\pjycpw DsSppv. Xu_: 30,
\lv: 5657, Ilv^v: 45, adnbw: 8895 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. aepIfpw
{]hmNImcpsamw BZcWobcmb Amlphns ASnaIfmsWmWv kqw
]TnnpXv. CkvdmAv: 4244, AnbmAv: 1920 hni-Zo-I-cWwt\mpI.
27. Ah Ahs\ hmpsImv adnISmhcpw Ahs I\{]Imcw
{]hnpsImncnphcpamIpp.
AnkmAv: 172, adnbw: 64, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
28. AhcpsS apnepXv Ah Adnbpp, AhcpsS ]nnepXpw. Ah
Xr]vXnshv thnbmsX Ah ip]mi sNphcpa. Ah
Aht\mSp `b`nbn InSnew sImphcpamIpp.
CkvdmAv: 5657, Xzmlm: 109110 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
29. Ahcn\np Bscnepw, \nbw Rm Ahs\qSmsX Hcp
CemlmsWv ]dbpIbmsWn, Atm Ah\v \mw \cIIpWvTw
{]Xnêambn \IpXmWv . A{]ImcamWv A{IanIv \mw
{]Xnêw \IpI.
krjvSnIfns Hcm Ah {]hmNImcmsWnepw icn, Amlp
hns\qSmsX Rms\mcp CemlmsWv ]dbpIbmsWn Ah A{Ianbpw
Ah\v {]Xnêw \cIIpWvThpamWv. bq\pkv: 106, dAvZv: 1415, C{kmAv: 7475,
702
JpB\ns Bmhv
adnbw: 72, Xzlm: 74 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.

30. kXy\ntj[nIfmbnph ImWpntbm? \nbw BImifpw
`qanbpw HnnSn Ahbnembncppshpw Atm \mw Ah
cnt\bpw thsSpn kwhn[m\npshpw. FmHmtcm
hkvXpfptSbpw Poh \ne\npXn\v shw \mw
A\nhmcyampIbpw sNbvXp, Atm Ah hnizknpntbm?
BImiw sImptinpXv {]]nep Fm KymeIvknIfpamWv.
BZnbn Ahsbmw HnnSn Hnambnmbncpp \ne\nncpXv .
almhnkv t ^mS\tmSpIqSn kqcy\Sap \{Xfpw `qanbSap
{Klfpw N{\Sap D]{Klfpw ASnb \{Xqsfmw
CpImWp hn[n cq]sSpn kwhn[m\npbmWpmbXv . ]ns
BImis GgpXpIfmbn kwhn[m\npIbpw sNbvXp. Amcnmv: 47{]Imcw
{]]w Ctmgpw hnIknv sImncnpIbpamWv. AnbmAv: 104 IqnhmbnpI.
_Jd: 29, lqZv: 7 C{_mlow: 48, hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
Atm imkv{Xw ]Tnh, JpB\ns Bibn\nv {]]ns
cq]I\bpw AXns ]nnep GIkrjv S mhnt\bpw IspIbpw
hnizmkw cq]sSppIbpw sNWsamWv kqw ]TnnpXv. JpB\ns
Bibw D]tbmKsSpp hnizmknI CmXmIptmgmWv {]]w \inpI.
AXmWv JpB\nsBibw {]]w AXns kpenXmhbn
\ne\nm\p {Xmpw Aam\pw \oXn hyhBWv Fv ]dbpXns
s]mcp.
Poh \ne\npXnv shw A\nhmcyamsWv Cu kqw
]Tnnpp. PohtImins {][m\`mKamb t{]mtmmknse {][m\LSIw
shamsWv imkv { Xw Isnbnp hkv X pXbmWv . Aq: 45
AmlphmWv FmPohPmesfbpw shn\nv krjvSnXv, Atm
Ahbn AhbpsS DZcnt kcnphbpv, cpImen kcnp
hbpapv, \mepImen kcnphbpapv, Amlp Ah\ptinpXv
krjvSnpp, \nbw Ah Fm Imcyn\pw Ignhp ki\tm Fv
]dnpv. AzmcnJv: 57 kqfn, Atm a\pjy t\mnmWs,
FpsImmWh krjv S nssXv ? ]pcpjs hrjv W n\npw
kv { XobpsS CSpn\npw sXdnphogp shn \nmWv Ah
krjvSnsXv. (kv{Xopw kvJe\apsv kqw ]Tnnpp.) _Jd: 98,
AnkmAv: 1 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. hmbphnmsX Pohnp _mIvSocnbI
Dsnepw shanmsX Hcp Pohnpw Poh \ne\nm km[yasv
imkv{Xw sXfnbnnpv. Fm imkv{Xw DmIpXn\vapvXs JpB
]d CukXyw, Isnb im{Xmv JpB\ns Bibw
e`nmXpaqew Ah hnizmknIfmhpn. Atm hnizmknIfpsS
AnbmAv (21)
703
_m[yXbmWv AapkvenwIfn s] imkv{Xmv JpB\ns Bibw

FnpsImSp, Am]w AhcpsS ]m]`mcw Ch hlnv
hnNmcWbnmsX \cIn t]mtIn hcpw. bq\pkv: 100, \lv: 2425, 89 hniZo-I-cWw t\mpI.
31. `qan Ahscbpw sImv BSnbpev t]mImXncnm AXn \mw
]Xsf \mnbncnpp. Ah amZi\w sNsSpXn\v
thn AXn \mw hnhn[ ]mXI DmpIbpw sNbvXncnpp.
\lv 1516 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
32. BImis \mw kwcnsSp Hcp ta]pcbmnbnpv. Fm
Ah CXnse ZrjvSmsfmw AhKWnpsImncnpIbpamWv.
kqcy\n \npw ap\{Xfn \npsamap amcIamb civanIfpw
Dmhjhpw apw XSbpXnv iyq\ymImiw, Hmtkm ]mfn, hmbpaew
XpSnb]mfnIsfmw Ds imkv{Xob hnhcw t\SnbnphcmsWnepw,
B BIminsbpw `qanbpsSbpw \ne\nns\ _m[np hn[nep
{]h\sf \nb{npXnt\m XSbpXnt\m Ahv km[npn.
AtmgmWv {]]w AXns kpe\mhbn \ne\nm\p
D]IcWambn JpB\ns Bibw D]tbmK{]ZamIpXv. lnPv: 1618 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
33. Ah XsbmWv cm{Xntbbpw ]Ient\bpw, kqcyt\bpw N{t\bpw
krjvSnXpw. Fm Hpw AXns {àW]Yn \onsmn
cnpIbmIpp.
Fm Hpw AXns {àW]Yn \onsmncnphbmIpp F
BibnemWv bmko: 40 Ahkm\npXpw.
34. \n\v apv Hcp a\pjyt\bpw \mw imizX\mnbnn, Atm \o
acnpIbmsWn AhcmtWm imizXcmhm t]mIpXv.
Adlv a m: 2627 kqfn `qanv apIfnep Fm Hpw
\inpXmWv. alXzapSbh\pw _lpam\y\pamb \ns \mYsapJw am{Xw
AhtijnpXpamWv Fv ]dnpv. AnbmAv: 8 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
35. Fm Hmtcm Bmhpw acWw cpNnpIXs sNpw. \mw XnsImpw
\sImpw Hcp ]coWsahw \nsf ]conv sImncn
pIbpw sNpw. \ntev XsbmWv \n aSsSpXpw.
_Jd: 155157, BenCwdm: 185, amCZ: 94, lqZv: 7 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
704
JpB\ns Bmhv
36. Im^ndpIfmbnph \ns ImWptmsgmwXs \ns

]cnlmk]m{XambnmsX ]cnKWnpn. CXmtWm \nfpsS
CemlpIsfpdnv Hmannph. AhcmIs ]caImcpWnIs
kvacW DWpXns\ aqSnshph XsbmIpp.
JpB\nsBibs ]cnlmk]m{Xambn sXscsSp Cmep
\ntj[nI, aplZv\_nsb am{Xa JpBBibw Dcnv `qcn]
apkvenwIfpsS sXmb hnizmkmNmcm\pjvSm\ Xncpm\mhiysSp
hnizmkntbbpw "-Ch\mcm CXv]dbm, Chs DkvXmZv BcmWv, Ch\v FhnsS
\nmWv CXvInnbXv?' Fsmw ]dpsImv ]cnlknpXv ImWmw.
\njv ] hm\mb Amlp, kzntepw \cIntepw Btcbpw
Bpn, a\pjysc `qanbn \ntbmKnnpXns eyw, ChnsS kzw
]WnXv, acWtmSpIqSn ]WnXkzw A\cmhImiambn kzoIcnm\mWv.
Fm Hmtcm Bbncnepw Hv am{Xta B eyw ]qoIcnpIbpq
XpSn JpB\nsBibw kanphn[w Amlphns\ ]caImcpWnI
\mbn P\a[yn AhXcnnmhcpamWv Ccm. Ah
Amlphnt\bpw {]hmNIs\bpw JpB\ns Bibn aqSnshv ]nimNns\
tkhnp a\pjynimNpfmWv. AXpsImmWv Ahscpdnv ]caImcpWn
Is kvacW DWpXns\ JpB\ns Bibs aqSnshph Fv
]dXv. amCZ: 9091 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
kqn "- C h\mtWm' Fv tNmZnmsX "- C XmtWm \nfpsS
CemlpIsfpdnv Hmannph' F Im^ndpIfpsS tNmZyn\npw
AhcpsS ]cnlmkns Bgw AfmhpXmWv. \lv: 111, CkvdmAv: 4546,
Ilv^v: 106, Xzmlm: 5, 124127 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI.
37. [rXn {]IrXmc\mbnmIpp a\pjy krjvSnsnpXv, Fs
kq \nv ImWnv XcnIXs sNpw. Atm \n
AXn\pthn [rXnstSXn.
\nbw Fm Imepap \ntj[nI [rXnImwnphcpw
]ctemIs shSnbphcpamsWv Jnbma: 2021epw, Aq [rXnImWn
phcpw AhcpsS ]nmse hcmt]mIp `mcwIqSnb Zn\s
shSnhcpamsWv Ckm 27epw ]dnpv.
"-[rXn' sFlnItemIs IpdnpXpw "-a' ]ctemIs IpdnpXp
amWv. Atm a\pjycpsS {]IrXn sFlnItemIn\v {]m[m\yw sImSpp
hn[nemWv FmWv kqn ]dbpXv. B {]IrXw D]tbmKsSpm
kzn \nv ]pdwXs ]nimNn\v Amlp hcw \IpIbpw sNbvXnpv.
lnPv: 3942 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mpI. a\pjycn Fm Hmtcm Bbncnepw
sXmmbncnsXmqn HXns\bpw PohnXeyw \jvSsSpn ]nimNv
AnbmAv (21)
705
]mnempXmsWv AnkmAv: 118s hniZoIcWn \_n ]Tnnnpv.

Amlphns krjvSnn\v bmsXmcp amhpw hcpm km[npIbnsv Adqw:
30 ]dnpv. Fm ]caImcpWnIt\bpw ]nimNnt\bpw Ahchtcbpw
Xncndnbp lrZbns `mjbnep JpB\nsBibw a\pjy\v
\Inbnpv. AXmWv asns\mfpw ]nimNn\v \InbXns\mfpw henb
hcw. bq\pkv: 58 hniZoIcWw t\mpI. Atm AXp]tbmKsSpn Xnep
Pnv IqpImcs\ hnizmknbmn amphv am{Xta, kz`mhw amm\pw
]nimNns\ \nb{nm\pw ]caImcpWnIs {]Xn\n[nbmhm\pw km[npIbpq.
Ahv am{Xta CltemIsm ]ctemIn\v {]m[m\yw sImSpm\pw
km[npIbpq. lqZv: 118119, \lv: 106 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
]ctemIn\v CltemIsm {]m[m\yw sImSpmh Im^ndpIfpw
A{IanIfpamsWpw Ah acWkabv JpB\nsBibw D]tbmK
sSpnbncpsn \mbncpts\ Fv hne]npXmsWpamWv "-Fs
kq \nv ImWnv XcnIXs sNpw' Fv ]dXns hnh.
AAvdm^v: 53, 178, Xu_: 125, AnbmAv: 1315 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
38. Ah tNmZn-p-Ibpw sNpp: \n ]d-bp-Xv kXy-am-sW-n
Ftm-gmWv Cu hmKvZw ]pe-cpI?
JpB\ns Bibw e`nXn\v t ijw AXn\nv ]ctemIs
hnNmcW\mfns\IpsImv NcnmhscmwXs a\n Cu tNmZyw
tNmZnphcmWv. kzntep Bbncn Hmb, {]hmNImcpsSbpw
hnizmknIfpsSbpwPohnXw hn[nZnhks IpsImmbncnpw. Ah
Bbncn sXmbncnsXmqn HXns PohnXcoXn shSnhcpam
bncnpw. bq\pkv: 48, bqkp^v: 3738, Xzmlm: 134135 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
39. Ccw Im^ndpI XfpsS apJfpw apXpIpIfpw \cImnsbsmv
XSbm Ignbm, Ah klmbnsSpIbpw sNm Ahkcs
pdnv Adnhphcmbncppshn!
Xu_: 3435, \lv: 107 CkvdmAv: 9798, hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
40. A, AXhv s]smWv hcnI. AXhsc kvX_v[cmpXmWv.
AhXns\ XSpp\nm IgnbpIbn, Ahv kmhImiw
\IsSpXpa.
41. \nbw \n\papp {]hmNImcpw ]cnlknsnpv. Atm
GsXmns\pdnmbncppthm Ah]cnlknp sImncpXv, AXv
Xs Ahcn kw`hnpIbpmbn.
{]hmNIm am{Xa, Fmepw JpB\nsBibw Dcnv
706
JpB\ns Bmhv
]ctemIv hcmt]mIp cwK NqnmWnv XmoXv \Iphcpw
]cnlknsSpXmWv . Fm GsXmcp kqns `mhn{]hN\w
]pecpXns\pdnmtWm Ah ]cnlknncpXv , AXv Xs Ahcn
B]XnpsamWv kqw XmoXv \IpXv. ABw: 10, lqZv: 8 hniZoIcWw
t\mpI.
42. tNmZnpI, BcmWv \nsf cm{Xnbpw ]Iepw ]caImcpWnI
innm\ptinm XSpm\pXv? A, Ah XfpsS \mYs
A\pkvacWs AhKWnpsImncnpIbmIpp.
\mYs A\pkv a cWw sImptinpXv JpB\ns Bibw
XsbmWv . Fm B]n\npw hn]n\npw \cIn\npw
Impkqnp "apsslan\mb' JpB\nsBibs AhKWnp
Im^ndpIsf, "apsslan\mb' ]caImcpWnI\n\nv BcmWv Imv
kqnm\pXv FmWv kqn tNmZnpXv. JpB\ns Bibw
apsslan ImpkqnpXv BsWv amCZ: 48epw Amlp
apsslan\msWv liv: 23epw ]dnpv. AAvdm^v: 9698, Xzmlm: 124127,
AnbmAv: 24 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
43. AX, \sIqSmsX Ahv B]v hn]n\nvXSbp ap
CemlpIfptm? Ahv kzss XSbm km[npIbn,
\n \np]npW Ahv e`npXpa.
"\n\np ]npW Ahv e`npXpa' FXns hnh,
AmlphnsbSp ip]mimcpw CSbmfmcpambn Im^ndpI IWv
Iqp, Ahsctmsebp krjv S nIfmb almmmpwXs
AmlphnsbSp ip]misNm\p kXw \IpIbn FmWv.
JpB\nsBibs Pnhnnphv am{XamWv JpB ip]mi
sNpIbpw sNnnpIbpw sNpI. AAvdm^v: 194197, Ilv^v: 102, AnbmAv:
2830 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
44. A, Cqpw AhcpsS ]nXmpw \mw PohnXhn`h \In.
As\ Ah BPohnXhn`h BkzZnv Bbpv \opt]mIpXv
hsc. \nbw \mw `qanbnhv AXns\ \m\m`mKp\npw
NpcpnsmncnpsXs\sbv Ah ImWpnstbm? Atm
ChcmtWm AXnPbnm t]mIpXv?
B]v hn]v Lfn Im^ndpI, Amlphns\qSmsX Asn
Amlphnt\msSmw hnfnv {]mnp almm \msf, hn[nZnhkw
AhsXncmbnv: \o Chpw ChcpsS ]nXmpw btYjvSw
`Whn`h \InJpB\ns Bibw adv PohnpXvhsc, As\
AnbmAv (21)
707
Ah Hcp sIP\Xbmbnop Fv ]dbpXmsWv ^pJm 18

]dnpv. AAvdm^v: 175176 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
"-\nbw \mw `qanbnhv AXns\ \m\m`mKp\npw Npcpnsmncnp
sXs\sbv Ah ImWpnstbm?' Fv ]dm Amlp Cdn
hcpp F, adnv JpB\ns Bibw \SnemIpp FmWv. \lv: 33,
dAvZv: 3031, 41, CkvdmAv: 81 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
45. \nbw Rm \nsf XmoXv \IpXv Znhyktiw sImmWv.
Fm _[ncm, Ah apdnbnv \Isv hnfnptm
tIpXpa.
"-Znhyktiw' sImptinpXv JpB\ns BibamWv. _[ncm
Fv ]dXv sNhntImhscpdn, adnv JpB\ns Bibw
tItijw AXns hn[nhnepI ]n]m \ntj[nIsfpdnmWv .
A^m: 22, bq\pkv: 4243, CkvdmAv: 9798, Ilv^v: 100101 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
46. \ns \mYs inbn\np Hcpkv]i\w Ahsc _m[npI
bmsWn Ah ]dbpIXssNpw, Hm RfpsS \miw! \nbw
R A{IanI Xsbmbncpphtm.
bq\pkv: 2124, CkvdmAv: 83, AnbmAv: 14 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
47. hn[nZnhk\mfn \oXnbpsS {Xmv \mw m]npXpamWv. Atm
Hcp Bmhnt\mSpw Hcp\nepw A\oXn ImWnsSpIbn.
Hcmfpambn _s Hcp ISpIpaWnqtmfap ImcyamsWnepw
icn, \mw AXv sImv hcpXpamWv. hnNmcW\Sm \mwXs Gw
aXnbmbh\pamWv.
\oXnbpsS {XmpsImptinpXv JpB\nsBibw XsbmWv.
AAv d m^v : 89, Ckv d mAv : 35 hniZoIcWw t\mpI. hnNmcWsbpdnv
a\nempXn\v CkvdmAv: 1315, 30, Ilv^v: 49, 103105 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
48. \nbw aqkmpw lmdq\pw \mw, shfnhpw A\pkv acWhpamb
kXymkXyhnthN\am\Zw \Inbnpv apJov thn.
aqkmpw lmdq\pw \Inb shfnhpw A\pkvacWhpamb kXymkXy
hnthN\am\Zw Xudmv XsbmWv. BenCwdm: 34 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
Cv samw temIv shfnhpw A\pkvacWhpamb kXymkXyhnthN\
am\Zw JpB\nsBibw am{XamWv. AXv kzntep SnpamWv.
apJo am{Xta AXns\ Snmbn D]tbmKsSppIbpq Fv
AlmJ: 48 ]dnpv. kpa: 33 BmtWm JpB\nsBibw
708
JpB\ns Bmhv
hpInpIbpw Ah AXns\ kXysSppIbpw sNbvXXv, Aq XsbmWv
apJo Fv ]dnpv. lqZv: 17, 120, Xzmlm: 3, 130131 hniZoIcWw
t\mpI.
49. XfpsS \mYs\ ImWmsX Iv `bsSphcpw AyaWnqdns
Imcyn InSnewsIphcpamWh.
apJo Fv ]dbph, XfpsS \mYs\ JpB\ns Bibn
\nv IvsImvNcnphcpw hn[nZnhk\mfns Imcyn thhemXnbp
hcpw InSnew sImphcpamWv. _Jd: 2, dAvZv: 1929 hniZoIcWwt\mpI.
50. CXv A\p{KloXamb Hcp A\pkvacWamIpp, \mamWv AXns\
AhXcnnnpXv. Atm \n AXnt\mSv hntcm[w
shphcmbncnppthm?
kqn A\pkvacWw Fv ]dXn\npw JpB\ns icoca,
JpB\ns Bmhmb BibamWv A\p{KloXambnpXv Fv {]tXyIw
{intXmWv. Fm Cv temIp apkvenwI apgph JpB\ns
icocamWv A\p{KloXambnv ]cnKWnpXv. Ah JpB\ns BibtmSv
hntcm[wshp]pephcmsWv JpB\nsBibs Dmgvbpw
kXymkXyhnthN\am\Zhpambn D]tbmKsSpphv a\nemmw.
ABw: 155157, Xu_: 3233, 125, lnPv: 9,12, Xzmlm: 124127, AnbmAv: 24
hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
51. \nbw, CXn\papv C{_mloan\v \mw Ahs XtSw \Inbnpm
bncpp. \apv AXns\pdnv icnpw AdnhpXpamWv.
"-C{_mloan\v Ahs XtSw\In' Fv ]dXn\v Amlphns XtSw
Fpw C{_mloans XtSw Fpw BibamImw. cmbmepw kzn
\nv ]Tnn JpB\ns BibamWv DtinpXv. apPmZne: 22 XsSn\v
"dqlv'ssNX\yw FmWv ]dnpXv. ABw: 75, AAvdm^v: 146147, \lv:
120122, adnbw: 58 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
52. Atlw Xs ]nXmhnt\mSpw P\XtbmSpw tNmZn k`w: \n
]pPnv sImncnp Cu hn{KlfpsS Imcyw FmIpp.
53. Ah ]dp: RfpsS ]nXmsf AXns\ tkhnphcmbn
R IsnbnpXmWv.
JpB\ns Bibw ]n]n PohnWsav ]dbptm, Fmepap
A{IanIsftmse Cmep apkvenwIfpsSbpw adp]Sn: R RfpsS
Im ImcWhamscbmWv ]n]pXv FmWv . \msf ]ctemIv
AnbmAv (21)
709
Ah\p`hnm\p in hnhcn tijw "- \ nbw Ah XfpsS

]nXmfpsS Ncybn hgntISnembncpp. Ah AhcpsS Im]mSpI
ASnsXmsX Aambn ]n]nsImncphcpambncpp. \nbw Ahp
appw ]qnIcn A[nIt]cpw hgntISn Xsbmbncpp' Fv kzm^v^mv:
6971 ]dnpv. _Jd: 170, AnkmAv: 118 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
54. C{_mlow ]dp: \nbw \nfpw \nfpsS ]nXmfpw hyamb
hgntISn XsbmIpp.
55. \o Rfntev kXywsImv hncnpIbmtWm, AtXm \o
Ifnbmphcns]h\mtWm?
56. C{_mlow ]dp: A, \nfpsS DSa BImitfbpw `qantbbpw
hncnnpmnbnp \mY\mtcm Ah\mIpp. \nv Rm\Xn\v
Hcp kmnIfns]h\pamIpp.
BImi`qanIsf HnnSn Ahbn\nv thsSpn CpImWp
hn[n kwhn[m\nh\pw Ahbv nSbnep khkv X pfptSbpw
DSabmbnph\pamWv \nfpsSbpw DSa, FmWv C{_mlow Amlphn
s\pdnv ]cnNbsSppXv. Rm\Xn\v kmnbpamIpp Fv ]dXns
hnh, C{_mlow Xs P\XtbmSpw ]nXmhnt\mSpw ]dbpXv, Rm B \mYs\
\nv ]cnNbsSpnnpv FmWv.
^nHu\ns kn[nbn kmjvSmwKw {]Wan amcWm Dsm
\mYs\ Xu_: 114, dAvZv: 43, Xzmlm: 7076, AnbmAv: 30 hniZoIcWn
ImWpI.
57. AmlphmWv kXyw, \n ChnsS\nv ]ncnv t]mbXn\vtijw
\nfpsS Cu hn{Klsf Rms\mv ssIImcyw sNpIXs sNpw.
58. As\, Atlw Ahcnse hepXns\sbmgnv _mnbphscsbmw
XpSp. Ah Ah\ntev aSpXnvthn.
"- A h Ah\ntev aSpXnv t hn' Fv ]dXnse "Ah'
FXvsImptinpXv XpSmsX Ahtijn henb hn{Klntev
Fpw C{_mloantev Fpw Bibapv. AYhm BcmWv RfpsS Cu
hn{KltfmSv Ccw ISpwssI sNbvXXv Fv B P\X, Ahtijn Ahcnse
henbhn{KltmSv tNmZnpXnv thn, Asn C{_mlnans\ hnfnv
tNmZywsNpXnv thn FmWv. bq\pkv: 71, lqZv: 5556 hniZoIcWn
ImWpI.
Ah Ahbntev FXn\v ]Icw Ahcntev aSpXnv thn
710
JpB\ns Bmhv
FmWv ]dXv Fv {]tXyIw {inpI. km[mcWbmbn hn{Klsf
kv { XoenwKnemWv ]cmainmdpsXn, ChnsS ]pnwKnemWv
]cmainnpXv. CXn \npw hn{Klsfmw ]pcpjmcptSXmbncpp
FmWv a\nemtXv.
59. Ah ]dp: BcmWv RfpsS CemlpItfmSv Cu ]WnsNbvXXv,
\nbw Ah A{IanIfns]h XsbmIpp.
60. Ah ]dp: C{_low Fv hnfnsSp Hcpbphmhv Ahscpdnv
HmnnpXv R tInpv.
61. Ah ]dp: \nfhs\ P\fpsS Iapn sImvhcnI. Ah
kmyw hlnpXn\v thn.
P\, AhcpsS CemlpItfmSv Cn[w ISpwssI ImWn C{_mlnans\
Hp ImWpIbpw kmyw hlnpIbpw sNs FmWv ]dbpXv.
62. AhtNmZnp: Hm C{_mlota \obmtWm RfpsS CemlpItfmSv
Cs\ {]hnXv?
63. C{_mlow ]dp: A, CXv {]hnXv Ahcnse Cu henbh
XsbmWv . Atm \n AhtcmSp tNmZnpt\mpI, Ah
{]Xnê\tijnbphcmsWn.
hn{Kl Poh\nmhbmbXpsImmWv "-Ah kwkmcnphcm
sWn' Fv ]dbmsX "- A h {]Xnê\tijnbphcmsWn' Fv
]dnpXv.
^pznev: 20 {]Imcw hn[nZnhkw Im^ndpIfpsS tIhnIfpw ImgvNIfpw
sXmenIfpw, AhcnhnsS {]hnpsImncpXv Fmbncppshv
AhsXnsc kmyw hlnpsav ]dnpv. 21 Atmfh XfpsS
sXmenItfmSv : Fm \n \apsXncmbn kywhlnpXv Fv
tNmZnptm B sXmenI ]dbpw: Fm hkvXppw {]Xnê\tijn
\Inb Amlp Rsfsmv {]XnênnpIbmWv. Ah\mWtm \nsf
BZy{]mhiyw Cmbvabn\nv krjvSnXv. Ah\ntev Xsbtm \n
aSsSpXpw.
64. Atm Ah AhcpsS Bmhntev aSn, As\ Ah ]dp:
\nbw \n XsbmWv A{IanIfmbnph.
Ah AhcpsS Bmhntev aSn Fv ]dXns hnh, B P\X
Nnbpw t_m[hpaphcmbn amdn FmWv. {]Xnê\tijn t]mepanm
AnbmAv (21)
711
hn{Klsf ]qPnp a\pjy XsbmWv A{IanIsfv Ahv t_m[yambn

Fv kmcw.
65. ]ns Ah XeIpnadnp: \nbw \n\dnbmatm Cq
{]Xnênnphcsv.
"- X eIpnadnp' Fv ]dXns hnh, "- A h imcocnIambn
XeIpn adnp' F, adnv \nXsbmWv A{IanIfmbnph Fv
BZyw a\mkXnXv sXmbn Fv XncndnbpIbpw hn{Kl
kwkmcnpIbn Fv \n\dnbnt Fv C{_mlnant\mSv tNmZnpIbpam
WpmbXv.
66. C{_mlow tNmZnp: Atm Amlphns\qSmsX\nsmcp
D]Imctam D]{Zhtam sNm IgnbmhsbbmtWm \n tkhnv
sImncnpXv?
67. sO, \miw Xs \npw Amlphns\qSmsX \n
tkhnpsImncnphbvpw. Atm \n _pnD]tbmKnv
NnnphcmIpntbm?
thZns Bibw D]tbmKsSpmXpsImmWv ]nimNns\
tkhnphn[nep BNmcm\pjvTm\fpw PohnXcoXnbpsamw
Fmepw P\ ]n]pXv. JpB\ns BibssXmv Ahchtcbpw
aphtcbpw XSbp apkvenwIXsbmWv Cv Ghpw tamis, \nyhpw
\nIrjvShpamb PohnXcoXn ]nXpScpsXv JpB\ns Bibw {Xmmbn
D]tbmKsSpphv a\nemmw. adnbw: 4345, Xzmlm: 124127, 134,
68. Ah ]dq: Ahs\ IcnpIfbpI, \nfpsS CemlpIsf
klmbnpIbpw sNpI, \nsfsnepw {]hnphcm
sWn!
69. \mw I]np, Hm Xotb, \o C{_mloans ta XWppXpw
kam[m\apXpambnocpI!
kzm^v^mv: 9798 IqnhmbnpI. Xobn\v IcnpI, s]mnpI Fo
kz`mh \Inb Amlp, AnkmAv : 125 Xs Ban{Xambn
hntijnn C{_mloans Imcyn, Xobns kz`mhw amnadnm I\
\IpIbmWpmbXv. Ahs\mcp Imcyw Dtinm Ah AXnt\mSp ]dbemWv
"-DmhpI' F bmko 82mw kqw As\ \Sn hcpnmWnpIbpw
sNbvXp. _Jd: 258260 \lv: 40 hniZoIcWhpw Ilv^v: apJhpcbpw t\mpI.
712
JpB\ns Bmhv
70. Ah Ahs\ \innm\p X{wsa\p. Fm \mw
Ahscsbmw \jvSshcmnamn.
dAvZv: 42, C{_mlow: 4647, hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
71. \mw Aht\bpw eqzns\bpw khtemIpap A\p{Kl
\ndnp `q{]tZitv csSppIbpw sNbXp.
khtemIpw A\p{Kl\nd `q{]tZiw FXpsImp
tinpXv êkvXo\mWv. AAvdm^v: 137, CkvdmAv: 1 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
72. Ah\v \mw CkvlmJns\ {]Zm\w sNbvXp IqSpXembn bAvJq_nt\bpw.
Fmhtcbpw \mw k\fmpIbpw sNbvXp.
IqSpXembn bAvJq_nt\bpw {]Zm\w sNbvXp Fv ]dXns hnh,
C{_mlnan\v aI CkvlmJns\pdnv ktmjhm AdnbntmXs
aIs aI bAvJq_ns\pdnpw ktmjhm Adnbnncpp FmWv.
Cu kqfn \npw C{_mlnans aqaI CkvamCens\XsbmWv
_enbnm InssXv a\nemmw. ^mnl: 6, lqZv : 71,
hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
73. \mw Ahsc \psS I]\sImv kmntev \bnp
t\Xmfpamn. \ImcysNWsapw \akvImcw apd{]Imcw
A\pjvSnWsapw kmv \IWsapw \mw Ahv
Znhyktiw \IpIbpw sNbvXp. Ah \s tkhnphcpam
bncpp.
\psS I]\sImv FXns hnh, JpB\ns BibwsImv
FmWv. \Imcy FXpsImptinpXv JpB\ns XWenep
{]h\fmWv. adnbw: 55, Xzmlm: 130132 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
74. eqzn\pw \mw XXzm\hpw Adnhpw \IpIbpmbn. \mw Ahs\
tOhrnI {]hnv sImncp \mn \nv csSppIbpw
sNbvXp. \nbw Ah Zpjn sXmSnIfmb Hcp P\X Xsbm
bncpp.
XXzm\hpw Adnhpw sImptinpXv JpB\nsBibw
XsbmWv. lnPv: 58 eqznsP\Xsb {`mmcmb Hcp P\XbmbnmWv
DcnnpXv. Cv temIcn eqzns P\XbpsS tOhrnIfmb kzh
kwt`mKw, Ih, Kpmbnkw, sIm apXembh Ghpw IqSpX IphcpXv,
JpB\ns Bibw aqSnshp sXmSnIfpw A{IanIfpw {`mmcpambn
onp apkv e nwIfnemWv Fv JpB\ns Bibw auCfpw
AnbmAv (21)
713
^pJm\pambn D]tbmKsSpphv a\nemmw. Xu_: 73,125, bq\pkv:

17, lqZv: 7783, Xzmlm: 124127 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
75. \mw Ahs\ \psS ImcpWyn {]thinnpIbpw sNbvXnpv.
\nbw Ah k\fn s]h\mbncpp.
ChnsS "-ImcpWyw' sImptinpXv JpB\ns Bibw XsbmWv.
AnkmAv: 69, bq\pkv: 5758, lqZv: 118 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
76. \qln\pw; apv Ah \shnfnv tIWk`w, Atm \mw
Atln\v adp]Sn\In. \mw Atltbpw Atlns
IpSpw_tbpw B almZpcnXn \nv csSppIbpw sNbvXp.
AAvdm^v: 5964, CkvdmAv: 3 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
77. \psS kq XndpsImncp Hcp P\Xbn \nv \mw
Ahs\ klmbnpIbpw sNbvXp. \nbw Ah Hcp Zpjn P\X
Xsbmbncpp. Atm \mw Ahsc apgph\pw apnsImpIbpw
sNbvXp.
78. ZmhqZn\pw kpsseam\pw; BSpI hnfbn ISpta Hcp P\XbpsS
IrjnbnSns Imcyn Ah cpt]cpw hn[nInncp
k`w. \mw AhcpsS hn[nv kmnbpambncpp.
79. Atm kpsseam\v \mw AXns icnbmb hn[n a\nemnsmSpp.
XXzm\hpw Adnhpw \mw Ccphpw \Inbnpmbncpp.
ZmhqZnt\msSmw Io\w sNbv X psImncp ]Xtfbpw
]nItfbpw \mw hnt[bamnsmSppIbpw sNbv X p. Fmw
{]hnv sImncpXv \mw Xsbmbncpp.
Hcp P\XbpsS IrjnbnSn asmcp P\XbpsS BSpI Ibdn
tabpIbpmbn. Atm Ah hn[ntXSnsmv ZmhqZnsbpw kpsseamsbpw
ASpphcnIbpmbn. Irjn \inn BSpIsf, IrjnbpsS DSa\v
\Im\mWv ZmhqZv hn[nXv. Fm cmaXv IrjnsNbvXv icnsSpn
sImSppXphsc BSpIsf Irjnens DSav \Im\mWv kpsseam
hn[nXv. CXn \oXnbpamb Xocpam\w kpsseamtXmbncppshmWv
"Atm kpsseam\v \mw AXns icnbmbhn[n a\nemnsImSpp' Fv
kqn ]dXns hnh. ZmhqZns aI\mWv kpsseam. cpt]cpw
\_namcpw cmPmmcpambncpp. Fm Amlp \_namcn Nnev
Nnetcm ]ZhnI \Inbnpsv _Jd: 253 ]dnpv.
BImi`qanIfnepw AhbvnSbnepw \Sp Fm kw`hfpw
{XnImem\nbmb Amlp t\cs \nbnv Hcp {Kn
714
JpB\ns Bmhv
tcJsSpnbX\pkcnmWv \SpXv FmWv "- F mw {]hnv

sImncpXv \mw Xsbmbncpp' Fv kqn ]dXnshnh.
bq\pkv: 61, lqZv: 56, CkvdmAv: 17 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
80. bpthfIfn \nv kwcWw \Ip ]SbnI
\nnm \mw Ahs\ ]TnnpIbpw sNbvXp. Atm \n
\nbphcmIptam?
\nv bpthfIfnepw kam[m\thfIfnepw D]tbmK{]Zamb
hn`hsfmw Hcpn {kjvSmhns\ GI\mbn AwKoIcnpptm?
FmWv "-\n \nbphcmIptam?' FvtNmZnXns hnh. _Jd: 152,
\lv: 80 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
81. kpsseam\v inbmb Imns\bpw; Ahs I]\{]Imcw AXv \mw
A\p{Kl \ndnp \mntev XpSsc hoinsmncpp. \nbw
Fm Hmtcm Imcyspdnpw \mw Adnhph XsbmIpp.
AXmbXv kpsseam\v Imns\ GXvkabv, GXpZnibntev,
F{XthKXbn, hoiWsav Xocpam\nm\pw \nb{nm\pap A[nImcw
\Inbncpp FmWv "- i nbmbImns\ hnt[bamnsImSpp' Fv
]dXns hnh. ba, tdmw, bqtdmv, XpSnb cmjv{Sfntev ]mbv
HmSnm\p KXmKX kuIcyw Atlns Imepmbncpp. kpsseam\v
\Inbnp A\p{Kl k_Av: 12 Cs\ hniZoIcnnpv. kpsseam\v
\mw Imns\ hnt[bamnsmSpp. AXns {]`mXnep hoi
Hcpamks hgnZqchpw {]tZmjnep hoi Hcpamks hgnZqchpambncpp.
Atln\v \mw sNns Acphn HgpnsImSppIbpw sNbvXp. Xs \mYs
kXtmSpIqSn Atlns Iogn tPmensNp PopIfpapmbncpp.
Ahcn Bscnepw \psSI]\ ewLnpIbmsWn Inbmfp
\cIin \mw Ahsc cpNnnpIbpw sNpw. kzmZv: 36 kpsseam\ns
B{]Imcw \nnjvS thKXbnepw Znibnepw COm\pkcWw hoim Imns\
\mw Atln\v hnt[bamnsImSpnpv Fv ]dnpv.
82. ]nimNpfn Ah\pthn apphcpmbncpp. AXm
aptPmenI sNphcpapmbncpp. AhcpsSsbmw kqnp
Imc \mw Xsbmbncpp.
kap{Zn apn appIfpw NnnIfpw FSpp Pnp]nimNpsf
kpsseam\v hnt[bamnsImSpncpp. AXm aptPmenIsImp
tinpXv k_Av: 1314, kzmZv: 3640 kqfn hnhcnnpv.
83. Aq_n\pw; Atlw Xs \mYs\ hnfnptIW k`w: \nbw
AnbmAv (21)
715
Fs ZpcnXw _m[nncnpp, \o IcpWsNphcn Gw

IcpWsNph\tm!
]nimNns _m[v hnt[b\mbn, kpw km\fpsamw AIsv
]Xn\v hjmetmfw tcmKnbmbn Ae Aq_v \ _n Ahkm\
Ln \mYs\ hnfnvtIgp cwKamWv ChnsS kqNnnnpXv. Atlns
BZy Lnse Ah kzmZv: 41 hnhcnpXv Cs\bmWv. \psS ASna
Aq_ns\bpw kvacnpI. Atlw \tmSv tIW k`w: \nbw F\nv
]nimNv ZpcnXhpw ]oV\hpw Gnncnpp. kzmZv: 4244 IqnhmbnpI. _Jd:
102, ABw: 12, AAvdm^v: 2830, \lv: 99 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
84. Atm \mw Ah\v adp]Sn \In. Ahs\ _m[nncp ZpcnXsfmw
\mw \onfp. Ah\v \mw Ahs IpSpw_tbpw AhtcmsSmw
A{Xthsdbpw \n \np ImcpWyambnsmv \IpIbpmbn,
\s tkhnphv Hcp A\pkvacWambnsmpw.
kzmZv: 43 Aq_n\v Ahs IpSpw_tbpw AhtcmsSmw A{Xthsdbpw
\n \np ImcpWyambnsmpw _pnammv Hcp A\pkvacWam
bnsmpw \IpIbpmbn FmWv ]dnpXv. AYhm Nnmin
D]tbmKsSpp _pnamam am{XamWv Amlphns\ tkhnpsIm
ncnpI. Ah `qanbn \ntbmKnsnpXv ]coWn\v
hnt[bamm\mWv F t_m[nepw Fmw ]Xnbncpp hnnp
sImncnp XfpsS \mY ImWppv F t_m[n khkzw
Ah\n `ctanv \nesImphcpw, thhemXnbpw BhemXnbpsamw
Aht\mSpam{Xw t_m[nnphcpw, `qan AXns kpe\n
\ne\nm\p {Xmmb JpB\ns Bibw temIv samw
Fnv s ImSpm\p {]h\fn apgpIpI hgn Ahs\ tkhnp
sImncnphcpambncnpw. AYhm Ah JpB\ns Bibs Ahv
A\pIqeambn kmn \npIbpw hmZnpIbpw sNp hn[n
tcmKia\ambpw ImcpWyambpw Fmhn[ B]vhn]vZpcnXsfsXmpw
Xsf Impkqnp ]cnNbmbpw D]tbmKsSpphcpw aphsc
D]tbmKsSpm D]tZinp sImncnphcpambncnpw. ]ctemIs
IpsImv Pohnp Acw amep am{XamWv bYmn
Amlphnepw {]hmNImcnepw hnizknnph. _Jd: 4, Xu_: 51, AnbmAv:
1920,35 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
85. CkvamCuen\pw, CZvcokn\pw, ZpIn^venpw; Fmhcpw
amepfn s]hcmbncpp.
"- I n^v e nmc' FmWv kqn ]dnpXv . - I n^v e nmc
FXn\v I]nehkv X pmc FmWv Bibsan AXv {io_ps\
716
JpB\ns Bmhv
kw_nmbncnmw. Atlw Hcp {]hmNI\mbncpp Fw.
86. Ahscsbmw \mw \psS ImcpWyn {]thinnpIbpapmbn.
\nbw Ah k\fnshcmbncpp.
hnizmknI \akv I mcn, Ahkm\s kpPqZn {]tXyInv
Amlpth! Rsf \o \ns ImcpWyw sImv JpB\ns Bibw sImv
\ns k\fmb ASnaIfn {]thinntWta Fv {]mnphcm
bncnpw.
87. aymc\pw (\mw A\p{Klw sNbv X npv ) ; Ah tZjyw
]nSnpt]mb k`w; \apv Ahs ta Ignhnsv Ah IcpXn.
As\ AImcfns]v \tmSh tIWt]np. \nbw
\obmsX asmcp Cemlpw C. \o AXoh ]cnip\mWv. \nbw
Rm A{IanIfn s]pt]mbncnpp.
"aymc' Fv kqn ]dXv bq\pkv\_nsbpdnmWv. "\o
Hcnepw aymcs\tmse Aa\mbn s]cpamdcpXv' Fv aplZv \_ntbmSv
Jew: 48eqsS Innpv. bq\pkv: 98 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
88. Atm \mw Ah\v adp]Sn\In. B B[nbn \nv
csSppIbpw sNbv X p. A{]ImcamWv \mw hnizmknIsf
csSppI.
bq\pkv: 103, bqkp^v: 110 hnihniZoIcWw t\mpI.
89. kIcnmpw; Ah Xs \mYt\mSp tIWt]n k`w: Fs
\mYm, Fs \o GI\mbn Dt]ncptX! \o Xbtm
A\cmhImisaSpphcn Ghpw Da.
Xs Imetijw Amlphns ktiamb JpB\ns Bibw,
temIv FnpsImSppXnv F\nv Hcp A\cmhIminsb {]Zm\w
sNWsamWv kcnm tIWt]nXv. FmsX F\nv Fskv
A\cmhImiamsbSpp Hcp km\s \IWsa kIcn
BhiysXv FmWv "-\o Xsbtm A\cmhImisaSpphcn Ghpw
Da' Fv ]dXn \npw a\nemtXv. lnPv: 23, adnbw: 36, 80,95
hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
90. Atm \mw Ah\v adp]Sn \In, Ah\v \mw blvbmsb {]Zm\w
sNpIbpapmbn. AXn\pthn Ahs CWsb tbmKybmn
icnsSppIbpw sNbvXp. \nbw Ahscmw Xs \bntev
tNtdphcpw {]XymitbmSpw D`btmSpw IqSn \tmSp
AnbmAv (21)
717
{]mnphcpw Ahscmw \tmSv `b`nbphcp ambncpp.

AAvdm^v: 205206, Xu_: 100, CkvdmAv: 5657 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
91. Xs Nmcn{Xyw `{Zambn kqn B kv{Xopw; Atm \mw Ahfn
\n \np dqln \nv DuXn, \mw Ahsfbpw AhfpsS aIs\bpw
ktemIpap Hcp ZrjvSmampIbpw sNbvXp.
hnizmknIfmb ]pcpjmpw kv{XoIpw amXrIbmbn adnbans\
AhXcnnp sImv Alvcow: 12mw kqn Amlp]dbpp: Cwdm\ns
]p{Xn adnbapw; Ah AhfpsS Kplym\w `{Zambn kqnp. Atm AXn
\mw \psS dqln \nv DuXpIbpmbn. Ah Xs \mYs hN\sfbpw
{Ktfbpw kXysSppIbpapmbn. Ah hWaphcn
s]hfpambncpp.
92. \nbw CXv \nfpsS Cu kapZmbw HkapZmbamIpp. Rm
\nfpsS \mY\pw. Atm \n Fs am{Xw tkhnphcmhpI.
BZw apX Ay\m hscbp a\pjy GIkapZmbhpw Ah
tkhntXv GI\mb AhcpsS \mYs\ am{XamWv FpamWv kqw
]TnnpXv. Fm {]hmNImcpsSbpw hnizmknIfpsSbpw GIkwLamb
Amlhns kwLns] Bbncn Hp am{Xta Amlphns\
GICemlpw DSabpambn ]cnKWnv tkhnpIbpq. bq\pkv: 19, lqZv: 118119,
93. Fm Ah AhtcmSp I]\Isfmw Xpw Xpambn
apdnpIfp. Ahscmhcpw \ntev aSsSphcpamWv.
Ah AhtcmSp I]\Isfmw Xpw Xpambn apdnpIfp Fv
]dXn\v {]hmNIm apdnpIfp F, adnv {]hmNImcpsS
]nKmanIsfv hmZnph kwLS\Ifpw hnhn[ aXmcpambn amdn ]nimNns\
tkhnphcpw ]nimNns kwLmcpambn amdnbh apdnpIfp FmWv.
_Jd: 176, BenCwdm: 103, AAvdm^v: 157158, lqZv: 17, Ilv^v: 110, adnbw: 4445
hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
94. BcmtWm kI {]hnpXv Ah hnizmknbpamWv,
Atm Ahs {]bXv\tmSv \ntj[\bw ImWnsSpIbn.
\nbw \mw AXv Ahpthn FgpXnshpI Xs sNpw.
CkvdmAv: 1315, bq\pkv: 100, Xzmlm: 112 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
95. \nbw Ah aSnhcmXncnpI FXv, \mw \inn Hcp \mSns
ta \njnhpamWv.
718
JpB\ns Bmhv
Amlp \innp GsXmcp \mpImcpw Ahkm\ t\cv tJZnv aSn
Ipw kXnpsamWv kqns Hcmibw. AnbmAv: 1416 hniZoIcWw
t\mpI. \inns \mnse \nhmknIsf hn[nZnhk\mfn ]p\cpohnnv
HcpanpIqmXncnpI FXv \njnamWv FmWv kqns asmcp Bibw.
Ahp app F{Xsb{X \mpImscbmWv \innnpXv, \nbw Ah
Chcntev Xncnphcpn FXv AhImWpnt. Ahscmhcpw Xs
Ahkm\w \psS ASp lmPdmsSpXpamWv Fv bmko: 3132
]dnpv. AnbmAv: 35 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
96. bAv P qPv aAv P qPpI Xpdv hnSsSpXv hsc Ah Fm
ae{tZifn \npw CdnhcpXpamWv.
bAvPqPvaAvPqPpIfpsS BKa\w AyaWnqdns {][m\s ]v
ASbmffn HmWv. AXphsc \inns Hcp \mpImcpw XncnphcnIbn
FmWv ]TnnpXv. hn[nZnhks {][m\s ]v ASbmffn Hv
hvIgnm ]ns hnizmkw kzoIcnsImv Hcp Bmhn\pw {]tbmP\w
e`npIbnsv ABw: 158159 kqfpsS hniZoIcWn hmbnpI.
97. bYmnep hmKv Z kabw ASppIbpambn. AtmgXm
Im^ndpIfpsS Zrjv S nI CashmsX Xpdnpt]mIpp. Ah
tIgpIbpw sNpw: RfpsS \miw! \nbw R CXns\smv
A{icmbncpphtm. A; R A{IanI Xsbmbncpp.
bYmnep hmKvZkabw sImptinpXv Ay
aWnqdmIpp. AXnt\mS\p_nmWv \miwhnXp bAvPqPv aAvPqPpI
hcnIsbpw Av JpB\ns Bibw aqSnsh Im^ndpI R
A{IanIfmbncppshv kXnpXmWv FpamWv ]dbpXv. AYhm,
JpB\ns Bibw aqSnshXmWv bAvPqPvaAvPqPpI hcm\pw AyaWnq
kw`hnm\pw ImcWambsXv Ah kXnpXmWv Fw. A{IanIfpw
Im^ndpIfpw BcmsWv a\nemm _Jd: 254, Xu_: 8485, 125, Ilv^v:
100101 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
98. \nbw \nfpw Amlphns\qSmsX \n tkhnpsImncn
phcpw \cIpn ]Xnth XsbmIpp. \n
AXntev \bnstShcpamIpp.
"-\nfpw Amlphns\qSmsX \n tkhnpsImncnphcpw' Fv
]dXnse "\n' JpB\nsBibw Innbnv AXvkzbw D]tbmKnmXncn
pIbpw aphv D]tbmKnm sImSpmXncnpIbpw sNp Im^ndpIfpw
A{IanIfpamWv.
AnbmAv (21)
719
Cv , Amlphns\qSmsX \n tkhnpsImncnphcpw
\cInemWv Fv kqnhmbnp, bYm Im^ndpIfpw
A{IanIfpamb samw P\Xv JpB sImSpm apkvenwI tNmZntpw,
Atm Cukmbpw IrjvW\pw almmfmb _ZvckmnIfpw aplvbpo
ssiJpsamw \cInembncnptam Fv . Ahp adp]Sn, bYm
Cukmtbbpw IrjvWt\bpw hcpImWnp JpB\ns Bibw Ahv
e`nmXn\m Ah Im^ndpItfm \cIn t]mIphtcm BhpIbn.
Fm Cukmbpw IrjvW\pw almmfpw Amlphns\qSmsX AhscqSn
tkhnWsav ]dnpsn Ahcpw \cIn XsbmbncnpsamWv
AnbmAv: 2130 kqfn ]dnpXv. CkvdmAv: 7375, bq\pkv: 106
hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
Fm, AyaWnq kw`hnpI, Cukm\_n cmaXvhv Ggv hjw
`cWw \SnbXn\ptijhpw aplZv\_ntbbpw aqkm\_ntbbpw IrjvWt\bpw
_pt\bpsamw icnbmbmwhw P\v ]TnnXn\v tijhpambXn\m
Av Im^ndpIfnepw A{IanIfnepw Fm a\pjyhn`mKnshcpw
DsSpXmWv. lrZbn ISpIv aWnqtmfw hnizmkaphscsbmw
Hcp XWp ImSnnv B AyaWnqdn\v apvXs acnnpXmWv Fv
\_n ]Tnnnpv. AnkmAv: 158, Xu_: 123125 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
99. Aq bYmCemlpIfmbncppshn B \cInteh
\bnsSpambncpn, Fmhcpw imizXambns AXnembncnp
Ibpw sNpw.
100.AhcXn Nonsmncnpw, AhXn Hpw tIm
km[npIbpan.
Amlphns\qSmsX Bschnfnp{]mnmepw Ah ]nimNns\bmsX
hnfnp {]mnpn Fv AnkmAv: 117 ]dnpv. Acmscmw
]nimNns hoSmb \cIn HcpanpIqsSpXpamWv. Ah B \cIn
Nonsmpw s\SphonpsImpancnpw. \cInse _lfw ImcWw
]ckv]cw ]dbpXv tIpIbpan FmWv kqw apdnbnv \IpXv.
lqZv: 106, C_vdmlow: 2830 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
101.\nbw \n \np "-lpkv\m'bntev apIShcmtcm Aq
AXns\smv AIsSphcmIpp.
"-lpkv\m' sImptinpXv JpB\ns BibamWv. Ass: 67
"lpkv\m'sb kXysSpphv FmImcyfpw FfpamnsmSppsapw
910 "lpkv\m'sb Xndbphv FmImcyfpw _pnapmnsmSppw
Fpw ]dnpv. JpB\ns Bibs B]v hn]pIfn\npw
720
JpB\ns Bmhv
\cIn\npw Impkqnp ]cnNbpw "- a psslan\p'ambn ChnsS
D]tbmKsSpphsc \cIw ImWnpIXsbn. Fm hnNmcWv
tijw kzKntev \bnphsc, \cIn\pNppw lmPdmn \cIw
ImWnpsImSpXn\vtijw am{XamWv kzntev \bnpI. Xu_: 100,
bq\pkv: 26, adnbw: 6872 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
102.Ah AXns t\cnbi_vZw t]mepw tIpIbn, Ah AhcpsS
a\pI B{Klnp imizXambPohnXw A\p`hnphcpambn
cnpw.
kzhmknI AhnsS AhcpsS a\pI B{Klnp PohnXw
\bnphcpw \cIns t\cnbi_vZw t]mepw tImhw AXn \nv
AIshcpambncnpw FmWv kqn ]dbpXv. ^pznev: 3032
\nbw RfpsS \mY AmlphmWv Fv {]Jym]npIbpw ]ns B
{]Jym]\n Ddp\npIbpw sNphcptm, AhcpsS ta aepI
CdpIbpw \n `bsScpXv; \n ZpxJncpXv; \ntfmSv hmKvZw
sNbvXnp kzKwsImv ktmj`cnXcmbnsImpI; RfmWv \nfpsS
Clntebpw ]cntebpw IqpIm, \nv B kzn a\m{K
lnpXpw \n tXSpXpamb Fmapv Fmw s]mdpp
IcpWmhmcn[nbmbh\n \np hncpmbnsmv, Fv aepI ]dbpsav
]dnpv.
103.Ghpw henb B kw{àw Ahsc ZpxJnnpIbn, \ntfmSv hmKvZw
sNbXpsImncp B ZnhkamWnXv Fv ]dpsImv aepI
Ahsc kzmKXw sNpXpamWv.
XfpsS \mYs\ lrZbn kqnv Pohn apJosf Iqw Iqambn
kzKntev \bnsSpIbpw, Ah kzKns ASpspIbpw AXns
hmXnepI XpdsSpIbpw sNbXm AXns ]mdmhpImcmb aepI hv:
\nv \Xv ! \nfpsSta kam[m\w! \n imizXcmbn CXn
{]thinpsImpI Fv ]dbpsav kpa: 73 ]dnpv. Xu_: 7172
hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
104. Av ]pkvX Ins t]PpI NpcppXpt]mse \mw BImiw
NpcppXpamWv, \mw BZy{]mhiyw krjvSn Bcw`nXpt]mse \mw
AXns\ aSpXpamWv. AXv \psS _m[yXbn hcp
hmKvZamIpp, \nbw \mw Xs Fmw {]hnph\mIpp.
C{_mlow: 48, AnbmAv: 30 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
105.\nbw A\pkvacWn\v tijw k_qdn \mw FgpXnshnpv.
AnbmAv (21)
721
\nbw `qan A\csaSppI Fs k\fmb ASnaIfmsWv.

Aq: 55 IqnhmbnpI. AAvdm^v: 43,196 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
106.\nbw AXn \s tkhnp P\Xv Hcp shfnsSpepv.
AnbmAv: 83 hniZoIcWw t\mpI. shfnsSp, A\pkvacWw
FXpsImsmw DtinpXv KpW]mTw FmWv. AYhm JpB\ns
Bibw ChnsS D]tbmKsSpn Pohnp k\v X sbmWv
Clnepw ]cnepw AnahnPbw e`npI FmWv. \lv: 97 hniZoIcWw
t\mpI.
107. \ns \mw khtemIpw ImcpWyambnmsX Abnpan.
JpB\ns Bibw t]mses aplZv\_ntbbpw kh
temIpw ImcpWyambnmWv AbnpXv FmWv kqw ]dbpXv.
Fm Cv JpB\ns Bibn \nv hyXnNenv t]mbnp apkvenw
P\X, aplZv \_nsb Xo{hhmZnbpw hobhmZnbpw kzmaXnbpw
kv{Xoew_S\pw apP\XIfm shdpsSph\pambnmWv P\a[yn
AhXcnnpXv. apP\XI AhchcpsS {]hmNImcpsS PZn\amWv
BtLmjnpsXn Cu sIP\X aplZv \_nbpsS NcaZn\am
WmtLmjnpXv. atsXmcp P\Xbnepw CmXpt]msebp kwLS\m
]]mXnXzhpw hn`mKobXbpw ChcnemWpsXv JpB\ns Bibw
Dmgv N ZmbIambn D]tbmKsSpphv a\nemmhpXmWv .
BenCwdm: 2122, AAvdm^v: 157158,175176, dAvZv: 11, Xzmlm: 124127 hniZoIcWw
t\mpI.
108.]dbpI, \nbw \nfpsS Cemlv GICemlmsWv, \nbw F\nv
Znhyktiw e`nnpv; Atm \n Ah\v khkzw kanv
Pohnm XmdmtWm?
samw temIv, hnfnp{]mnm\pw klmbw tXSm\pw
`ctanm\pw `bsSm\pw Al\pw, BcpsS apnemtWm ]Xn\v hbn\v
tijw acWwhtcbp CltemIPohnXspdnv Hbvsmbvmbn Dcw
]dtbnhcnIbpw sNpI, Ah GICemlv ssZhw BsWv ]dbm\pw;
Atm \n \ntfbpw, hoSv, IpSpw_w, kv, \mSv XpSn P\\w apX
acWwhsc BssZhn\v kanv Pohnm XmdmtWm Fv tNmZnm\pamWv
\_ntbmSpw hnizmknItfmSpw kqw BhiysSpXv. JpB kqfpsS
Ccw I]\I \nlnmh XsbmWv AXv Inm a\pjycpsS
]m]`mcw hlnpsImv \cIn t]mtInhcnI. Ahcn JpB\ns
BibanmsX ]nXmscv \Snp I]ShnizmknI hnNmcWbnmsXbpw
{]kv X pX a\pjynimNpsf Aambn ]n]p km[mcWP\
722
JpB\ns Bmhv
hnNmcWv tijhpw \cInt]mIpXmWv . AhnsS Ah ]ckv ] cw
]gn]dbp FXnp cwKw _Jd: 166167 kqfpsS hnihniZoIcWn
hmbnpI. BenCwdm: 101103, AAvdm^v: 146147, Xzmlm: 134135, AnbmAv: 92
hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
109.Atm C\n Ah ]nncnv t]mhpIbmsWn \o ]dbpI: Rm
\nsf FmImcyfpw icnbmwhw AdnbnpIgnncnpp,
\ntfmSv hmKvZw sNpsXtm AXv ASppmIptam AtXm
ZqscbmtWm Fv F\ndnbpIbpan.
"-\ntfmSv hmKvZwsNpXv' FXpsImptinpXv hynIsf
kw_nv acWhpw samw a\pjysc kw_nv hn[nZnhkhpamWv. AAvdm^v:
187188, AnbmAv: 3538 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
110. \nbw Ah hmpIfn\nv DnepXv Adnbph\mWv,
\n aqSnshpHpw Ah Adnbph\mIpp.
Xzmlm: 109110, AnbmAv: 2829 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
111. F\nv Adnv I qSm CXv ùXnIPohnXw \np Hcp
]coWhpw \nnX Ah[nhscbp hn`hfpamtbptam Fv.
"-CXvùXnIPohnXw \np Hcp ]coWhpw \nnX Ah[nh
scbp hn`hfpamtbptam' Fv F\ndnbpIbn FmWv \_n
]dbpsXnepw a\pjyPohnXns GgpLfn \memasLamWv
CltemIPohnXsapw, AXv Ggmw Ln\pthn kzKw Asn \cIw
BcmWv kmZnpsXv ]condnbm thnbmsWv JpB\n
]dnpv . \_nbpsS Imev samw JpB t{ImVoIcnnnm
Xn\memWv \_n Cs\ ]dbpXv. Fm \lv: 89 {]Imcw
{XnImem\nbpsS {XnImem\amb JpB\ns Bibn Fmw
hniZoIcnnpXn\m, BImi`qanIfpsS krjvSnns eyhpw Ahkm\w
AXns ]qhmhbntep aShpw a\pjys\ `qanbn \ntbmKnnp
Xns eyhpsamw lrZbns `mjbn DWnbnpv. AAvdm^v: 24,
Xzmlm: 15, AnbmAv: 7,35 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
112. Atlw ]dp: Fs \mYm \o kXywsImv hn[n I]npp,
\n hnpXns\smsmw R ]caImcpWnI\mb
RfpsS \mYt\mSmWv klmbw tXSpXpw.
"-kXywsImv hn[n I]npp' FXpsImptinpXv JpB\ns
Bibw sImv hn[nInpp FmWv. \lv: 64 P\ `nnnp
hnjbfn hn[nInm thnbmsX \nsta \mw {Kw
723
AnbmAv (21)
AhXcnnnn Fpw, k_Av: 26, kpa: 69,75 kqfn hn[nZnhkw

kXyamb JpB\ns BibwsImmWv hn[nInpI Fpw ]dnpv.
JpB\ns BibwsImv ChnsS hynPohnXnepw IpSpw_PohnXnepw
kaqlPohnXnepw hn[nI nmh XsbmWv Im^ndpIfpw A{IanIfpw
sXmSnIfpw {`mmcpsav bYm{Iaw amCZ: 4445,47, AAvdm^v: 40 kqfn
]dnpv. AAvdm^v: 89, AnbmAv: 47 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
Amlpth! Rsf \o lrZbns `mjbnep JpB\ns Bibw
D]tbmKsSpn Nnnphcpw PohnXeyw {KlnphcpamtWta,
\mYm! R\pIqeambn kmn\np, hmZnp hn[n
RsXncmbn; JpB\ns Bibw D]tbmKsSpm Rsf \o
A\p{KlntWta! am\knIhpw imcocnIhpamb Fm tcmKpw ia\ambn
ImcpWyhpw sFizcyhpamb JpB\ns Bibw D]tbmKsSpm\pw, Fm
hn[ B]v hn]pIsfsmpw \cIssmpw Impkqnp
]cnNbpw apsslan\pambn JpB\ns Bibw D]tbmKsSpm\pw Rsf
\o XpWtWta! Hm Fmw Impkqnpht\! {]]w AXns
kpe\n \ne\nm\p {Xmmbn JpB\ns Bibs kh
temIpw ]cnNbsSpm\pw FnpsImSpm\pw Rv \o thpI
\tIWta! JpB\ns Bibw aqSnsh sXmSnIfmb I]ShnizmknIfn
AIsSpn Rsf \o \jvSsSpt \mYm! Hm IcpW sNphcn Ghpw
\mbn IcpW sNpht\!
724
JpB\ns Bmhv
22. A lv
kqw Ccp]nGgnse "-a\pjysc ln\pthn hnfnpI-' FXn
\nmWv Cukqdn\v "-lv-' Ft]cv hnpXv. AhXcWw aZo\bn
tcJsSpsnp Cu kqdn abn AhXcn [mcmfw kqfpw
ASnbnpv. samw a\pjysc A`nkwt_m[\w sNbvXvsImv Bcw`np
Cu kqdn 5, 73 Fo kqfpw samw a\pjyscbmWv A`nkwt_[\w
sNpXv. Fn Hm a\pjytc \nbw Rm \nfntev hyamb Hcp
apdnbnpImc\mWv Fv ]dbm I]npsImpXmWv 49mw kqw. cv
Xnemhns kpPqZv hcp JpB\nse GIkqdmWnXv.
samw JpB\ns BibanmsX Amlphns\pdnv kwkmcn
phtcbpw JpB\n\np Nne kqfpsS I]\I am{Xw ]n]n,
\akvImcwt\mvlv apXembh sImp\Sphtcbpw Hcp
Nmcp\npsImv C_mZv sNphcmsWv hnainpIbpw AXphgn
Ah \cIamWv kmZnpsXv apdnbnp\IpIbpw sNpp.
Amlphns\qSmsX D]Imctam D]{Zhtam sNmhsc hnfnv
{]mnph Ghpw Zpjn bPam\\pw IqpImc\pamb ]nimNns\bmWv
hnfnpsXpw, Ah hyamb hgntISnemsWpw Acw \ntj[nI
Xnemhns kpPqZv sNmhcmsWpw ]dnpv. Ahv
\cIobmep hkv{Xw apdnpXmsWpw Npps]mp shw AhcpsS
Xepta HgnsSpsapw ]dnpv. JpB\ns Bibssmpw
`qanbnse BZys Bcm[\mebamb akvPnZp ldans\smpw a\pjysc
XSbphv thZ\mP\Iamb in cpNnnpIXs sNpsav ]dnpv.
Amlphns A[nImcmhImifn ]ptNph FhnsSbpw
]nSnhnbnmsX BImip\nv hoWhs\tmsebmsWpw ]dnpv.
Amlp thj`qjmZnIfnte adnv lrZbfntemWv t\mpXv
Fv _enarKfpsS amwkhpw chpw Amlphntev Fpn, adnv
\nfpsS lrZbnep `b`nbmWv Ah\ntespI Fv ]dXneqsS
]Tnnpp. Amlphns\ IpsImp Ncnphpw a\kmhmNm
IWm Amlphn\v kanhpw ktmjhm Adnbnpp.
{]hmNImsc Xndnp Fmepap \ntj[nIpw ZrjvSnI
AX s\pIIp lrZbmWv AX Fv ]dpsImv
{]hmNIt\bpw hnizmknItfbpw kam[m\nnpp. JpB kqsf
]cmPbsSpm HmSn\SphcmWv \cIns hndIpIsfv ]Tnnpp.
lv (22)
725
{]hmNIm Fsnepw ]dbm Dtinptm ]nimNv AXn

CSs]Spsapw Fm ]nimNv CpsImSpXv Amlp ambvpIfv Xs
kqsf
XXzm[njvSnXampsapw
]nimNv
CpsImSpXv
I]ShnizmknIpw a\n tcmKap kwibmeppw Hcp
]coWamIpXn\pthnbmWv As\ kw`hnnpsXpw ]Tnnnpv.
Fm kXyamb JpB\n hnizknp hnizmknIsf Amlp
kmKntev \bnpsapw ]dnpv.
\ntj[nIv JpB\nsBibw hniZoIcnphtcmSv Xocm ]I
Dmbncnpsapw {XnImem\nbmb Amlp AsXmw JpB\n
t\csXs tcJsSpnbnpXmWv F t_m[n JpB\ns
ktiw temIcntev FnpsImSppXn\pthn XymK]cn{ia
sNpXn\pw {]hmNIs PohnXw P\v kmysSppXn\pw
hnizmknIsf sXcsSpncnpIbmWv. AXpsImv klmbnbpw
bPam\\pamb Amlphns\ apdpsInSnpsImv hnizmknI aptmv
KanWsav ]dpsImv 78 kqfSnb kqdv Ahkm\npp.
1. Hm a\pjytc, \n \nfpsS DSabmb \mYs\ kqnpho,
\nbw B AyaWnqdns hndb Hcp hn kw`hw XsbmWv.
AnkmAv : 1 hniZoIcWw t\mpI. JpB\ns BibwsImv
Amlphns\ lrZbn kqnv Pohnm\mWv samw a\pjyschnfnv
Amlp BhiysSpXv . Fm a\pjysc krjv S mhns Cuhnfn
tIntXv Cu kqw hmbnphcpsS _m[yXbmWv. AXv sNmh
XsbmWv Im^ndpI. Atm Amlphns {]Xn\n[nIfmbn Pohnp
hnizmknIfpsS ISabmWv JpB\ns Bibamb Amlphns ktiw samw
a\pjyv FnpsImSpv Cu hnfnAhsc tntXv.
temIns Ahkm\amb AyaWnqdns {]I\w Im^ndpIv
klnm IgnbmXv XsbmbncnpsamWv kqw apdnbnv \IpXv.
AnbmAv: 97,101103 hniZoIcWw t\mpI. kqd: AhmJnA:, AlmJ:,
AaBcnPv:, AJnbma:, A_Av:, AIvho:, C^nXzm:, CjnJmJv:,
knkne:, AJmcnA:, AImkp: Bibw IqnhmbnpI.
2. \n AXvImWpZn\w! apesImSppkv{XoI AhcpsS IpnIsf
hnv HgphmpXmWv. Fm K`nWnIfpw AhcpsS K`w hnknv
t]mIpXpamWv. P\ elcnhkvXp D]tbmKnmsXs
elcn_m[nhcmbn\n\v I mWmw. Fm Amlphns in
AXnITn\hpamWv.
726
JpB\ns Bmhv
Ay\mfns `bm\IXbmWv kqn hcpImWnpXv. AXns
{]I\m apebqp amXmsfmw AhcpsS IpnIsf HgnhmpXpw
K`nWnI kabamIpXn\pappXs AXns `bm\IXbm {]khnp
t]mIpXpamWv. elcnhkvXpsfmpw D]tbmKnmsXs P\sf av
]nSnhcmbn ImWpXpamWv.
3. P\fn bmsXmcp AdnhpanmsX Amlphns Imcyn
Xnphcpapv. Ah sXmSnIfmb Fm ]nimNptfbpw
]n]phcpamWv.
lv : 8 IqnhmbnpI. "- A dnhp'sImptinpXv JpB\ns
BibamWv . Atm Amlphns Imcyn kwkmcnWsan
JpB\ns Bibw AdnbWw. AmsX Amlphns\pdnp]dbph
Im^ndpfpw A{IanIfpamsWv bYm{Iaw AI_qv: 47,49 kqfn
]dnpv. Ah "apPmCZp'IfmWv hntcm[wshv Xnph FmsX
"- a pPmlnZp'If XymK]cn{iaw sNphA. "- s XmSnIfmb Fm
]nimNptfbpw ]n]ph' Fv ]dXns hnh JpB\ns
BibanmsX Amlphns\pdnv hmZnpIbpw XnpIbpw sNph
bYmn ]nimNns\bmWv ]n]pXv. Fm ]nimNptfbpw ]n]pp
F]dXn \npw JpB\nsBibw aqSnshp I]ShnizmknIfmWv
AhcpsS t\Xmfpw kwcIcpw FmWv. ^mnl: 7, _Jd: 166167, AAvdm^v:
2728, 51, Ilv^v: 54, AnbmAv: 74 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
4. Ahsta tcJsSpnbnpv , \nbw Ahs\ BcmtWm
kwcI\mbn XncsSppXv Atm Ahs\ Ah
hgn]ngnpsapw Inbmfp \cIinbntev amZi\w
sNpsapw.
JpB\n sXqnHXv kqfn ]nimNns\ ]cmainnpv.
samwJpB\ns Bibn\nv kznep Amlphntev
Fntcm\p, PohnXns GmXpdIfnepap GIamhpw \cInep
Im^ndmb ]nimNns hnhn[amfpw thXncndnv Fm Bbncnepw
sXmmbncn sXmqnHXns PohnXcoXn shSnv Hns PohnXcoXn
FSpphcmWv hnizmknI. AnkmAv: 118, bq\pkv: 99100, \lv: 99100
hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
5. Hm a\pjytc \n ]p\Fgptns Imcyn kwibaphcm
sWn, Atm \nbw \nsf \mw krjvSnnpXv an
\nmIpp, ]ns C{nbpnbn \nv, ]ns c]nn
\nv, ]ns cq]sXpw cq]sSmXpamb amwk]nn \npw,
\mw \nv Imcy hniZoIcnv XcnIbmIpp. \mw
lv (22)
727
Dtinphsc K`]m{Xfn Hcp \nnX Ah[nhsc

Xmaknnpp; ]ns \mw \nsf IpnIfmbn ]pdpsImphcpp,
]ns \n {ItaW {]mb]qn Fpp, \nfn {]mb]qn
{]m]npXn\papv XncnphnfnsSphcpv, \nfn
AtAs hmIyw {]m]nphcpapv Fmhnhcfpw t\Snb
tijw Hpw Adnhnm Ah{]m]npw hw. `qansb \o
hcXmbnImWpp, Atm \mw AXnt shw Cdnbm AXv
kvXpSnpIbpw kv^pSnpIbpambn, FmXcw kkyeXmXnItfbpw
tbmPn tPmSnIfmbn apfnpIbpambn.
"-\mw Dtinphsc K`]m{Xfn Hcp \nnX Ah[nhsc' Fv
]dXn \npw apgph BfpItfbpw C Nnesc K`mh ]qamIpXn\v
appXs K`w Aeknnpp FmWv hnh. {]mb]qn
FpXn\papv ]Xn\v hbn\papv acWsSpGsXmcmfpw
kzntephcmbXpsImmWv \nfn acnphcpv Fv ]dbmsX
Xncnv hnfnsSphcpv Fv ]dXv. ]pWymmfmbnphscmw
kzntev XncnphnfnsSpIbmWv sNpXv . AXpsImmWv
_pnammcmb hnizmknI BenCwdm: 193 Rsf ]pWymmtfmsSmw
XncnphnfntWta Fv {]mnpXv. I]ShnizmknIsfpdnv Ah Poh
shSnbpXv Im^ndmbnsmmWv Fv bYm{Iaw Xu_: 55,85epw Ah
sXmSnIfmbnsmmWv Poh shSnbpI Fv 84epw Ah acWsXv
Im^ndmbnsmmWv Fv 125epw ]dnpv. `qanbn \mw Fmnt\bpw
am\yamb tPmSnIfmbn \phfpIbmbn F BibtmSpIqSnbmWv epJvam:
10 Ahkm\npXv. A_Jd: 28, BenCwdm: 55, bq\pkv: 53, \lv: 70,
hniZoIcWw t\mpI. ^pkvkznev: 39 IqnhmbnpI.
6. AXv \nbw Amlpam{XamWv kXyw \nbw Ah acnhsc
Pohnnpp, \nbw Ah Fm Icyn\pw Ignhph\pamIpp
FXvsImmWv.
Amlp am{XamWv kXyw FmWv Cu kqn ]dXv
Amhscmw krjvSnIfmWv mbnbmbnphc. Fm JpB
mbnbmbnpXpw kXyhpamWv. bq\pkv: 108 AnbmAv: 112 hniZoIcWw
t\mpI.
7. \nbw B AyaWnq hcnIXssNpw, AXns Imcyn
kwibta C, \nbw Amlp J_dpIfnephsc ]p\
FgptnpXpamWv.
728
JpB\ns Bmhv
8. P\fn bmsXmcp AdnhpanmsX, kmhpanmsX, shfnam
{KhpanmsX Amlphns Imcyn Xnphcpv.
epJv a m: 20 Ahkm\npXpw CtX BibtmSpIqSnbmWv . Cu
kqn ]d Adnhv, kmw, shfnam {Kw Ch aqpsImpw
DtinpXv JpB\ns Bibw XsbmWv. Xzmlm: 123124, lv: 3
hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
9. Amlphns amssmv P\sf ]ngnpXnpthn ]ncSn
Hcp`mKtv sNcnpsImv \Sph, Ah\v Cln
\nyXbmWpXv. hn[nZnhk\mfn \mw Ah\v Icnp in
cpNnnpXpaWv.
Amlphns amw sImptinpXv JpB\ns Bibw XsbmWv.
"-]ncSn Hcp`mKtv sNcnpsImv \Sph' Fv ]dXn samw
JpB\ns Bibw DsmmsX `mKnIambpw Ah\hs m]nXXmXv]cyw
m]npXnv thn JpB kq hfsmSnpw amnadnpw
DcnpsImpw kanpsImpw Adnhnm P\Xsb Amlphns
amn \nv hyXnNennv ]nimNns amntev ]nSnv
henpsImpt]mIp a\pjynimNpfmb I]ShnizmknIsfpdnmWv
]dbpXv. ABw: 126, AAvdm^v: 202, lnPv: 9091 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
10. AXv \ns ssII \n\pthn apIqn HcpnshXmWv, \nbw
Amlp Ahs ASnaItfmSv Awt]mepw A\oXn ImWnp
h\pa.
Icnp inbmb \cIw Htcmcpcpw ChnsS \nv kmZnpXmWv
FmWv \njv]hm\mb Amlp kqneqsS apdnbnv \IpXv.
BenCwdm: 181182, AAvdm^v: 178 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
11. Hcp Nmcv \nv Amlphns\ tkhnphcpw P\fnepv .
Atm Ah\v Hcp \_m[nm AXn Ah kwXr]vXnbSbpp.
Fm Ahs\mcp \miamWv _m[npsXntem Ah Ah\n
\nv apJw Xncnpt]mIpIbpambn. Clhpw ]chpw \jvSsh\mWh,
AXpXsbmWv hyamb \jvSw.
PohnX eyw a\nemmhcpw Amlphns\ \njv ] hm\mb
]caImcpWnI\mbn AwKoIcnmhcpambhcpsS kz`mhamWv Cu kqn
hcpImWnpXv. Ahv \bpw kmnIt\hpsamw e`nptm
Ah kpjvScmIpXpw, Fm Ahv h ]coWns `mKambn
kmnI\jvStam ap ZpcnXtfm tcmKtam _m[npIbmsWn Ah
Amlphn \nv apJwXncnv t]mIphcpw \ncmishcpambn amdpp.
lv (22)
729
Ccm Clhpw ]chpw \jvSsSpnbhcmsWmWv kqw ]TnnpXv.

CkvdmAv: 83 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
12. Ah Amlphns\qSmsX hnfnp {]mnpXv X\nv D]{Zhtam
D]Imctam hcpmIgnbm Hns\bmWv . AXv XsbmWv
hnZqcamb hgntISv.
AAvdm^v: 194195, \lv: 2021 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
13. Acm hnfnpXv GsXmcphs D]{ZhamtWm AhsD]Imc
tm ASppXv As\bphs\bmWv. F{XZpjn bPam\!
F{XZpjn IqpImc!
]nimNns\pdnmWv kqn "-F{XZpin bPam\! F{XZpin
IqpImc!' Fv ]dnpXv. AnbmAv: 100, lv: 34 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
14. \nbw Amlp hnizknphtcbpw kafp\pjv S np
hscbpw Xmgv`mKfneqsS \ZnI HgpInsmncnp
kz]qtmpIfn {]thinnpw \nbw Amlp Ah\ptin
pXv {]hnpp.
kafp\pjvSnphtcbpw Fv ]dXn apkvenwI sXncnp
{]hnpXpt]mse \akvIcnphtcbpw, t\m\pjvSnphtcbpw,
lv sNphtcbpw kzn {]thinnpw F, adnv Xo{hhmZw,
csmcnn, Ifhv, Ih, h\, hobX, kzmX, kzP\]]mXw,
kmapZmbnIXzw XpSnb ss]imNnI ZphrnI \nam\w sNbv X v
a\pjycpsS sFIyn\pthn DXIp JpB\nsBibw temIp samw
FnpsImSpemWv. AXmWv \nfntehpw Da JpB\ns Bibw
]Tnph\pw ]Tnnph\pamWv Fv \_n]TnnXns s]mcpfpw. {]]w
AXns kpe\n \ne\ndpm\p {Xmmb JpB\ns Bibw
aqSnshp I]ShnizmknIfmb Im^ndpItfmSv AXvsImv A[nIcn PnlmZv
sNepw kfnsXpXs. Xu_: 73,120 Xzmlm: 132
hnizhniZoIcWw t\mpI.
"-\nbw Amlp Ah\ptinpXv {]hnpp' Fv]dXn
Amlp Ah\njvSaphsc kzKntepw \cIntepw Bpp F
Bibw, adnv kzKntepGIhgnbpw \cIntephnhn[hgnIfpw
ASnb JpB\nsBibw \njv]hm\mb Amlp a\pjysc kzKn
shpXs ]Tnnncnpp. AtX{]Imcw Fm Hmtcm Bbncnepw Hv
kzKntepw sXmmbncnsmqnHXpw \cIntepamsWv
]Tnnncnpp, Atm BcmWv DSabmb \mYt\mSv Rm ASnabmWv Fs
\o \jvSsSpcpXv Fv lrZbwsImv ]dpsImv kzKntep
730
JpB\ns Bmhv
Snmb JpB\nsBibw ]n]nPohnpXv Ah amKZi\nemWv.
JpB\nsBibw hpInnbnv AXvaqSnshpIbpw AXv a\nemm
{ianmsX XndbpIbpw sNph \cIntepamWv. bq\pkv: 99100,
lqZv: 118120, dAvZv: 2728, Xzmlm: 123127 hnizhniZoIcWw t\mpI.
15. BcmtWm Clnepw ]cnepw Amlp Atls klmbnpIbn
m Fv IcpXpXv, Atmfh BImintev Hcp IbdvsIn
IbdntmIm {ianpIbpw, ]ns AXv apdnpIfbpIbpw sNs
As\ AhsX{w Xs tcmjs \onIfbptam Fv t\ms.
Amlp \_nsb Clnepw ]cnepw klmbnpIbn Fv IcpXh
AhcpsS FmX{fpw \_nsb \innmthn {ians, AXns
`mKambn IbdvsIn BImitv Ibdnsv \_nv BImip\nv e`np
Znhyktiamb JpB\mIp]mis shn apdnpIbpw Ahs tcmjw
iannphm {ianpIbpw sNs. {]kvXpXshphnfn Amlphnt\mSpw
\_ntbmSpw bXmhnizmknItfmSpw i{XpX]pep I]ShnizmknItfmSpw,
\_nv FpsImv Amlphnsklmbw Atm Inpn FpIcpXp
AhnizmknItfmSpamWv AnkmAv : 63, ABw: 35, Xu_: 6768
hnizhniZoIcWw t\mpI.
16. A{]Imcw \mw Atln\v hyamb kq AhXncnnnpv.
\nbw Amlp Ah\ptinphsc kmntev \bnpp.
AAvdm^v: 178, dAvZv: 27, lnPv: 87 hnizhniZoIcWw t\mpI.
17. \nbw kXyhnizmknIfmbh, blqZnIfmbh, km_nCu,
IrkvXym\nI, aPqknI, inv sNph XpSnbhnSbn
\nbw Amlp hn[nZnhk\mfn Xocpam\w InpXmWv,
\nbw Amlp Fm Imcyn\pw kmnbmWv.
_Jd: 62,113, lqZv : 17 hnizhniZoIcWw t\mpI. Cv inv
sNphscsImptinpXv Amlphns GIXzs ]cnNbsSpp
JpB\nsBibw hpInnbnv AXns\ AhKWnpsImv hnhn[kwLS
\Ifpw hn`mKmcpambnncnv ]ckv]cwt]mcSnp apkvenwIsfbmWv.
P\fne[nt]cpw Amlphn ]vtNpsImmsX hnizmknIfmhpIbn
Fv bqkp^v: 106 ]dnpv. Cv samw temIv {Kw JpB\mWv.
Atm AXve`nnv inv sNphv FXncmbnv AXv kmn\npIbpw
hmZnpIbpw sNpXmWv. Ahsc am{Xsa \njv]hm\mb Amlphn\v
innm km[npIbpbpq. Hcmsf \cInenSm \ymbw e`npXn\v
thnbmWv JpB AhXcnnnpXv Fv bmko: 70 ]dnpv.
JpB Innbnv AXns\ kzbw D]tbmKnmXncnpIbpw AXv aphv
lv (22)
731
FnpsImSpmXncnpIbpw sNph acWkabv, \nbw R

Im^ndpIfmbncpp Fv kzns\Xnsc kmyw hlnpsav AAvdm^v:
37 ]dnpv. Xu_: 5355,125, Xzmlm: 99100 hnizhniZoIcWw t\mpI.
18. \o Int? \nbw Amlp, BIm-i
- f
- nepw `qan-bn-epap Fmhcpw
Ah\v kpPqZv sNpp. kqcy\pw N{-\pw \-{X--fpw ]-X--fpw
ac-f
- pw arK-fpw Fm Poh-Pm-efpw \nc-h[n a\p-jycpw in _m[I-amb [mcmfw t]cpw Ah\v kpPqZv sNp-p. Bsc-bmtWm Amlp
\ny-\m-n-bXv Ah\v am\yX \Im Bcp-ap-m-Ip-I-bn-. \nbw
Amlp Ah-\p-t-in-p-Xv {]hn-p-p.
lv kqdnse Xnemhns kpPqZv hcp Hmas kqamWnXv.
kpPqZv sNm km[nmh Cu kqw ]mcmbWw sNcpsXv \_n
]Tnnnpv. {]]nep Poh\pXpw Pohn\nmXpamb kNcmN
cfpw GI\mb {kjvSmhn\v hnt[bXzw ]pepIbpw Ah\v am{Xw Io\w
sNphcpamWv FmWv kmjvSmwKw {]Wapp Fv ]dXns hnh.
\nc-h[n a\p-jycpw in _m[-I-amb [mcmfw t]cpw Fv ]dXns hnh,
apgph a\pjycpw kpPqZv sNpn Fpw kpPqZvsNp [mcmfwt]cnXs
in_m[IamWv FpamWv. in_m[Iamb, kpPqZv sNp A[nIt]cpw
Fv ]dXnepsSpI hnizmknIfm apkv e nwIfmWv . Atm
hnizmknI {]kvXpXkpPqZn Amlphns\ lrZbw sImv hmgvpIbpw
kzntep Bbncnsemn DsSptWta! Rsf \o \n\v
Ip\nbphcpw \n\v kpPqZvsNphcpw \ns tkhnphcpw \ns
kv X pXnphcpw \nshmgv phcpw hnPbnItfmsSmw JpB\ns
BibwsImv kzKn {]thinphcpw BtWta! Fv
{]mnpIbpwthWw. AAvdm^v: 206, Xu_: 112, \lv: 50, CkvdmAv: 41,109,
adnbw: 58, lv: 14 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
19. Cu cv hn`mKw XfpsS \mYs Imcyn FXn Znibn
hmZnphcmWv. Atm BcmtWm Im^ndmbnph Ahp
thn Xobmep hkv{Xw apdnpIgnp. AhcpsS Xep apIfn
Npps]mpshw tImcnsmcnbpXpamWv.
Cu cphn`mKw Fp]dXn, _pnin\Inb a\pjycn
\n_n\v hgmsX kzbw t{]cnXcmbn kpPqZv sNp Hcp hn`mKhpw,
`qcn]nsIqsS BNmcm\pjv S m\fpsS `mKambn kpPqZv s Np
asmcphn`mKhpamWv DsSpI, Atm BcmWv JpB\nsBibw
aqSnshpXv AhcmWv Im^ndpI. C{_mlow: 4950 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
20. AXpaptJ\ AhcpsS hbdpIfnepXv DcpIntmhpXmWv, AhcpsS
sXmenIfpw
732
JpB\ns Bmhv
hbdpIfnepXpw sXmenIfpw DcpIntmhpw Fv ]dXn \npw B
NqSns ImTn\yamWv a\nemtXv. sXmenI DcpIntmIptmsgmw Xs
]pXnb sXmenI shpsImSppsav AnkmAv: 56 s hniZoIcWn
hmbnpI.
21. Ahsc ssIImcyw sNm CcppZpIfpapmbncnpw.
22. Fm {]hiyhpw Ah AXnse hn{`mnbn \nv ]pdv ISm
Dtinptmsgms Ahsc AXntep Xs XncnphnSpXmWv.
Icnp in cpNnpsImpI Fv ]dbsSpXpamWv.
kPZ: 1920 IqnhmbnpI.
23. \nbw Amlp hnizknphtcbpw kafp\pjvSnpIbpw
sNphsc Xmgv ` mKfneqsS \ZnI HgpInsmncnp
kzKqtmpIfn {]thinnpw. AXn Ahsc kzmepw
appIfmepap hfI AWnbnpXpamWv. AXn AhcpsS
hkv{Xw ]pambncnpw.
Ilv^v: 31, lv: 14 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
24. hmpIfn \nv ]cnipambXntev Ah amKZi\w sNsp.
kvXpXyl\mbhs amKntev Ah amKZi\w sNsSpIbpw
sNbvXp.
hmpIfn \nv ]cnipambXpsImpw kvXpXyl\mbhs amhpw
sImptinpXv JpB\n\nsBibw XsbmWv, AYhm JpB\n\ns
Bibw apdpsI]nSnpPohnph Amlphns\ apdpsI ]nSnpPohnp
hcpamWv. AnkmAv: 174175, AAvdm^v: 170 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
25. \nbambnpw kXy\ntj[nIfmbhcpw Amlphns amKn
XSw krjvSnphcpw XtinIfpw ]ctZinIfpamb P\v \mw
Hcp t]mse AhImiw\InbnpXmb akvPnZpldmans\sXmv
XSbphcpaptm BcmtWm AXn AhnsSshv AXn{Iaambn
hXpwsNpXv \mw Ahs\ thZ\mP\Iamb inbn \nv
cpNnnpIXssNpw.
Amlphnsamw FXpsImptinpXv JpB\nsBibamWv
AXn\nv P\sf XSbphpw AXv aqSnshphpw ITn\amb
inbmWpXv FmWv kqw apdnbnv \IpXv. akvPnZpldmw Fm
a\pjypapXmWv. Fm am apivcnpI hnizmknIsf Atmv
lv (22)
733
ASpnncpn, Ahpw thZ\mP\Iamb inbmWpXv. C\n cmaXv

Cukm\_n hcptXmsS temIP\X samw Ckvemw AwKoIcnpIbpw
akvPnZpldmw samw P\v {]thi\w A\phZnpXpamWv. Av, Cv
apP\sf akvPnZpldmans\sXmv XSbp I]ShnizmknIsf h[npsImv
AnkmAv: 91, Xu_: 123 Alvkm_v: 61 kqfpsS I]\ \Snemp
XpamWv. AkmAv: 140, lqZv: 1719, Xu_: 1718 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
26. Fn Hnt\bpw ]vtNcpsXv ]dpsImpw, {]ZnWw
sNphpw, \nnhpw, Ip\nbphpw, kpPqZv
sNphpambn FshoSv \o ipoIcnpshWsav
]dpsImpw; C_v d mloan\v B hoSns m\w \nbnp
sImSpXpw HmtXmWv
_Jd: 124129, C_vdlow: 3540 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
27. XomS\w sImv P\fn hnfcw sNpIbpw sNpI,
Im\Sbmbn saensmnb Hfn khmcn sNbvXpsImpw Ah
Fm ZqcZnpIfn\npw \ns ASptv hcpXmWv.
"-saensmnb Hfn khmcn sNbvXpsImv' Fv ]dXn \nv
ln\v t]mIpXn\v saensmnb HIsf sXscsSpWsa
Bibw, adnv hnZqcamb ZnpIfn \nv HIfpsS apIfn khmcn sNNbvXv
hcpXv ImcWw HIv `Whpw shhpw th{Xe`nmsX oWnv
saensmnbXmbn amdpw FmWv.
Av C_vdmlow \_n ln\v thn hnfnptm a\pjycmcpw Xs
AhnsS lmPdpmbncpn. Fm {]kvXpXhnfn aneqsS kv]nnv
temIns \m\m `mKftepw FnXv kh{kjvSmhmb AmlphmWv.
C_vdmloans hnfn AmlphnshnfnbmbnmWv ]cnKWnpXv AXmWv
XomSI "-essmlp sessv, ess em icoIe sesv
ClwZ hnAva e hap em icoev' AXmbXv
\nshnfnnXm Amlpth Rm Dcw \In hncnpp. \nshnfnnXm
Rm Dcw \Inbncnpp. \n\v bmsXmcp ]pImcpan \nshnfnnXm
Rm Dcw \Inbncnpp. \nbw \n\mWv kvXpXn, Fm A\p{Klfpw
\n\mWv cmPmXn]Xyhpw \n\v bmsXmcp ]pImcpan FXmWv
lnsIfn hym]rXamIptm DcphnSpXns s]mcpfpI.
28. Ahv D]Imc{]Zamb cwKfn kmyw hlnphcmIpXn\pw
Adnbs \mfpIfn \mw Ahv {]Zm\w sNbvXnp \mImen
arKfn Amlphns \maw kvacnpXn\pthnbpw. Atm
\n AXn \nv XnpIbpw sRcpap Zcn{Zsc `nnpIbpw
Fm Hmtcm Bbncnepw sXmmbncnsXmqn

HXns\bpw
734
JpB\ns Bmhv
sNpI.
PnhnXw Amlphns\ Nppw IdpXns\ A\pkvacnpsImv IAv_s

{]ZnWw sNpI, k^mahbn lmPd HmSnbXn\\pkvacnv \SpI,
hnNmcWm Zn\s A\pkvacnpsImp Ad^mbnse \ndpw, ]nimNns\
PohnXcwKfn \nsmw HmnfbpXn\\pkvacnpsImp ao\mbnse
Pwdx bnep Itdv XpSnb IasfmwXs a\pjyscmw GXp \mpImcv,
tZimcv , `mjmcv , \ndmcv , hmcv , enwKmcmsWnepw AhcpsS
PohnXeyw HmWv Ah ChnsS ]Xn\v hbn\ptijap PohnXw
\bntXv Amlphns\ Ftmgpw lrZbn kvacnpsImv ]nimNns\
]qambn AInsmpambncnWw Fv ]Tnnp hn[nepXmbXn\m
emWv lnsIsf D]Imc{]Zamb cwK Fv ]dXv.
lv t hfbnse _enarKsf AdppXns\pdnmWv Adnbs
\mfpIfn AhbpsSta Amlphns \maw kvacnpI Fv ]dnpXv .
_Jd: 196,203, amCZ: 1 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
29. ]ns Ah XfpsS AgppI \onIfpIbpw AhcpsS t\I
\ndthpIbpw AXn]pcmX\mtKls {]ZnWwshpIbpw sNs.
AgppI ZqcoIcnpI Fp]dXn XeapSn IfbpI Asn
shpI, \Jw apdnpI, Ipfnp hrnbmhpI Fsmw DsImppv.
Clvdmans hkv{X amn hrnbpXv [cnpIFpamWv. t\I
\ndthpI Fv ]dXn _enarKsf t\bmbn Adpv amwkw Zcn{Zv
\Im\pw apw t\ t\npsn AXv ]qnbmpI FmWv .
AXn]pcmX\mtKls {]ZnWwshpI Fv ]dXv ao\mbn \nv
av hv lns `mKabnsmp IAv _ w {]ZnWwshepw
kz^mah IppInSbnep Ggp{]mhiys \ShpamWv.
AXn]pcmX\mtKlw GsXv a\nempXn\v BenCwdm: 9697
hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
30. AXmbXv Amlp ]hn{XamnbXns\ hh\pw am\nppshn
AXmWv Ah\v Xs \mYs] DaambnpXv, \nfpsSta
hniZoIcnp XnpXv HgntIbp IpImenIsfsbmw \nv
A\phZnpIbpw sNbvXncnpp. Atm \n hn{KlfmIp
amen\ysf shSnbpI, hymPhmpIsfbpw shSnbpI.
amCZ: 3, 9091 hniZoIcWw t\mpI. hn[nZnhks IpsImv ChnsS
Pohnp hnizmknI AhchcpsS ]ncSnIfn _nnp IyqdpIfn
FmhmpIfpw {]hnIfpw tcJsSpppv , hn[nZnhkw AXh
Hsmv hmbnv XfpsS hnNmcW\StnhcnIbpw sNpw F
lv (22)
735
t_m[n ChnsS Pohnphcmbncnpw. AXn\m Ah hmbnm ]m,

JpB\ns Bibn\phncpamb hyPhmpI ]dbpIbn. CkvdmAv: 1315,
31. t\scsNms Amlphn\pthn \nesImpI Ah\n
bmsXmns\bpw ]v tNmsX, Amlphns\smv hh\pw ]v
tNpIbmsWn Atmfh BImiv \nv hoWhs\tmse
bmWv. As\ ]nI Ahs\ dmnsImpt]mIpp, Asn
Imn\m \bnv GsXnepw AKm[Kn XnbnSsSpp.
AXmbXv BImiv \nv hoWm eym\v ]XnpIbn
FXpt]mse inv sNph eym\amb kzKntev
XncnspIbn FmWv kqwapdnbnv \IpXv . AnkmAv : 48,
32. AXmbXv Bscnepw Amlphns ASbmfsf am\npIbm
sWn Atm AXv lrZbfpsS kqvaXbn s]XmWv.
AYhm lrZbfn "-Amlv' F kvacWbph am{Xta Amlphns
ASbmf am\npIbpq "- A mlv ' F kv a cWbpmIpXn\v
JpB\nsBibw A\nhmcyhpamWv. _Jd: 152 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
33. \nv Ahbn Hcp \nbn Ah[nhsc D]Imcfpv ]ns
AhbpsS m\w AXn]pcmX\ tKlntemIpp.
"-\nv Ahbn Hcp \nWbn Ah[nhsc D]Imcfpv"' Fv
]dXns hnh _env thn \onshnp arKfpsS tcma
FSppIbpw, khmcnpw, Irjn \\pXnpw, \new DgpXpXn\psamw
Ahsb D]tbmKnmhpXpamWv. ]ns AhbpsS m\w AXn]pcmX\
tKlntemIpp Fv ]dXns hnh ltvthfbn
_enbdppXv ldw taJebns] ao\mbn shmbncnWw FpamWv
kqw ]TnnpXv.
34. Fm Hmtcm kapZmbn\pw Amlp Ahv\Inb \mmen
arKfn Amlphns \maw kvacnpXnv thn Hcp _en Iw
\nbnpsImSpnpv . Atm \nfpsS Cemlv GICemlv
am{XamWv. Atm \n Ah\v khkzw kanphcmhpI.
a\kmhmNmIWm Ah\v kanhv ktmjhm
AdnbnpIbpw sNpI.
ABw: 121,162 AnbmAv: 92,108 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
736
JpB\ns Bmhv
35. Amlphns\pdnv Hmnnm XfpsS lrZb {]InXcmIp
hcpw Xsf _m[n B]pIsf am]qhw XcWw sNphcpw
\akvImcw apd{]Imcw \nhlnphcpw \mw Ahv \Inbn
pXn \nv NnehgnpsImncnphcpamWh.
kPZ: 1516,22 IqnhmbnpI. A^m: 24, Xu_:112 hniZoIcWw
t\mpI.
36. _enHItfbpw, \mw \nv Ahsb Amlphns Nfn
sXmnbncnpp. Ahbn \nv \bpv Atm \n
Ah\np Ahbn Ahbn Amlphns \maw kvacnpI,
As\ Ah hoWm AXn\npw \n `pPnpI. Bhiymcn
\np tNmZnphtcbpw tNmZnmhtcbpw `nnpIbpw
sNpI. A{]Imcw \mw \nv Ahsb hnt[bamnncnpp
\n \n {]ISnnphcmhpXnv thn.
"-Ah\np Ahbn Ahbn Amlphns \maw kvacnpI'
FXns hnh, HIs \npAhbnemWv Igpn\v s hn
AdppXv. Bhiymcn \np tNmZnphtcbpw tNmZnmhtcbpw
`nnpI Fv ]dXns hnh Bhiymcn \np tNmZnmhsc
sImptinpXv _enamwkw Bhiysv hcmhcpw Fm sImSpm
kzoIcnpXpamb BfpIfmWv. tNmZnphcv FXpsImptinpXv
Zcn{Zcn s] _enamwkw tNmZnphcphcmWv. lv: 28 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
37. AhbpsSamwktam AhbpsSctam Amlphntev FpIbn,
Fm \nfnep `b`nbmWv AmlphntespI. A{]Imcw
\mw Ahsb \nv hnt[bamnncnpp, \nsf
kmnemnbXn\v Amlphns\ alXzsSppXn\pthn.
Amlphns\ IpsImv Ncnphv ktmjhm
AdnbnpsImpIbpw sNpI.
"-AhbpsSamwktam AhbpsSctam Amlphntev FpIbn' Fv
]dXn \npw IqSpX amwkhpw chpap henb_enarKsf
AdppXne ]pWyw, adnv Igpn Inshm aSnphn[nepXpw
Hmtcm {]tZipImcpw GsXmcp arKns amwkamtWm Ghpw
IqSpXCjvSsSpXv B arKsbmWv _enbdptXv FpamWv. Atm
Cybn t]mv, Imf, XpSnb arKsf _enbdppXns\m Daw
BSns\ _enbdpemWv. a\pjy\v, Ah Dtinv {]hnXmsX C Fv
\Pvav: 39 ]dnpv. Atm BfpIsf t_m[nnpXn\pw
ISa\nlnpXn\pw thn Ncym]cambpw IpSpw_alXzw kwcnp
Xns `mKambnsmpsamw PmV{]ISnnpsImv _enbdppXv
lv (22)
737
kzoIcnpIbn. adnv Amlphns\ am{Xw t_m[nnpXnv thn C{_mlow

aI CkvamCuens\ _enbdpXns\ A\pkvacnpsImv Amlphns
GXpI\bpw kzoIcnm XmdmsWv {]Jym]np hn[nembncnWw
_enbdppXv. AcmcmWv Amhns\IpsImv Ncnph. Xu_:
100, Ilv^v: 103105 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
38. \nbw hnizmknIfmbhscsmv Amlp {]Xntcm[npXmWv.
\nbw Amlp \ntj[nbpw hI\pamb Hcmsfbpw CjvSsSpIbn.
_Jd: 216, Xu_: 111 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
39. bpn\ncbmbhv \nbw Ah anspsImncnp
Xn\m bpn\v A\phmZw \Isncnpp, \nbw Amlp
Ahsc klmbnm Ignhph XsbpamWv.
AnkmAv: 7577 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
40. RfpsS \mY Amlp BsWv ]dbpp FXns t]cnemsX
XfpsS hoSpIfn \nv A\ymbambn ]pdmshcmIpp Ah.
Amlp P\fn Nnesc Nnescsmv {]Xntcm[nnnmbncpp
shn Amlphns \maw [mcmfambn kvacnsSp aTfpw,
NpIfpw, PqXtZhmebfpw, ]nIfpw XIsSpIXssNpam
bncpp. Amlp Ahs\ klmbnphsc klmbnpIXs
sNpw, \nbw Amlp {]Xm]hm\mb AXni Xsbtm.
Fmepw RfpsS \mY AmlphmWv Fv {]Jym]np
hnizmknIfmWv XfpsS P\Xbm D]{ZhnsSpI Fv JpB\nsBibw
DmgvNZmbIambn D]tbmKnphv a\nemmw. aXn \n_an,
Fm a\pjytcbpw AmlphmWv `qanbn Ah\ptinp Imev, tZiv,
amXm]nXmfn, Ah\ptinp enwKn sImphcpXpw
\ne\npXpw sImpt]mIpXpsamw Fv a\nemnb hnizmknI
a\pjycpsS sFIyn\pthn ]cn{ianphcmbnpw. Fm `qanbn cw
NnpIbpw hobXbpw hn`mKobXbpw kzmXbpw ss]imNnIhrnIfpw
\Snemp I]ShnizmknI `qansb \innpXn\v thKwIq
{]h\fn GsSphcmWv. Amlp sImpIf Ccw
a\pjynimNp akolpmens\ B\bnphcpw Ahs\
klmbnphcpambncnpw. Cukm\_n cmaXpw hXn\ptijw Chsc
h[nv AnkmAv: 91, Xu_: 123, Alvkm_v: 61, XpSnb kqfpsS
I]\I \SnempXpamWv. aXn \nc_an FXn\m Fm
aXmcptSbpw tZhmbe \ne\nWsamWv Amlphns Xm]cyw.
Atm B \oXnhyh JpB\ns Bibw samw P\Xv
738
JpB\ns Bmhv
FnpsImSppsImv \Snemm {ianphcmWv {kjv S mhns

{]Xn\n[nIfmb hnizmknI. AXpXsbmWv Amlphns\ klmbnepw.
Atm JpB\ns\ Pohnnphgn Amlphns\bpw dkqens\bpw
PohnnpIbmWv sNpXv . Atm Acw hnizmknIsf tNmZyw
sNsSm Fmw ASn`cnp Amlp klmbnpXmWv FmWv
kqw ]annpXv. _Jd: 251, BenCwdm: 195, bq\pkv: 99100 hniZoIcWw
t\mpI.
hyXykvX aXmcpsS tZhemb XIp IfbcpXv FmWv Amlp
Cu kqn ]TnnpsXn, aZo\bn hnizmknInSbn `nXbpw
On{ZXbpw hfpXn\pthn I]ShnizmknI \nan "-D]{ZhIcamb ]n'
s]mfnpIfbm\mWv Amlp \ntinXv. Xu_: 107108 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
41. `qanbn \mw Ahv B[n]Xyw \IpIbmsWn Ah \akvIcmw
apd{]Imcw \ne\ndpphcpw kmv \Iphcpw \sImv
I]nphcpw XnsImv hntcm[nphcpambncnpw, Fm
ImcyfpsSbpw Ana]cyhkm\w AmlphntemIpp.
hnizmknIfpsS kwLw Dsn Ahv B[n]Xyw \Ipsav Aq:
55 ]dnpv . \sImv I]nepw XnsImv hntcm[nepw
sImptinpXv JpB\ns Bibw \SnemWv . Cv temIv
FmbnSfnepw Hs hnizmknI am{XamWpXv. AXpsImv `qan AXns
kpe\n \ne\nm\p JpB\nsBibw samw P\Xbv v
FnpsImSppXn hym]rXcmbncnpIbpw, JpB\nsBibw
aqSnshp I]ShnizmknItfmSv AZnIcn PnlmZv sNphcpamWv
hnizmknI. C\n cmaXv Cukm\_n hXn\ptijw am{XamWv hnizmknIfpsS
kwLapmhpI. Ah Xu_: 123s I]\ \SnempIbpwsNpw.
BenCwdm: 110, Xu_: 120121, Xzmlm: 132 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
42. \ns Ah XndbpIbmsWn, \nbw Ahv app
\qlns P\Xbpw BZpw kaqZpw Xndnpv.
43. C{_mlnans P\Xbpw eqns P\Xbpw.
44. aZvb \nhmknIfpw, aqkmbpw Ifhmsnpv. Atm Rm
Im^ndpIv Ahkcw \In, ]ns Rm\hsc ]nSnIqSn. Atm
Fs {]Xntj[w Fs\bpmbncpshpw t\mpI.
Fm Imepap P\X Ahcntev \ntbmKns {]hmNImsc
XndbpIbpw Ah A{IanIfpambnocptmgmWv B \mSns\ Amlp
\innXv. C\n aplZv \_nbpsS P\X sIP\Xbmbn amdptmgmWv temIw
lv (22)
739
Ahkm\npI. AAvdm^v: 175176,182183, lqZv: 101 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.

45. Atm F{Xsb{X \mpImscbmWv Ah A{IanIfmbtm \mw
\innnpXv! AXm AXns ta]pcItfmsS hoWSnpInSpp.
F{Xsb{X InWdpIfmWv XqsXv! F{Xsb{X sImmcfmWv
D]tbmKiq\yambXpw!
_Jd: 259, ABw: 47 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
46. Ah `qanbneqsS kcnpt\mnbnnt? Atmfhv
Nnnm\p lrZbfnt? Asn tIm\p ImXpIfnt?
Atm \nbw AhcpsS ImgvNI AX Fm
s\pIpnep lrZbmWv AX.
Imgv N bnepw tIhnbnepw lrZbw ]sSpppv F imkv { Xob
Adnhns\ Cu kqw km[qIcnpp. icocns Fm `mKfn \npw
Aipcw lrZbntepw lrZbn \nv ipcw Fm
`mKfntepw {]hlnpXn\m icocns Fm `mKfpambn
lrZbn\v _apv. Atm tIhnbnepw ImgvNbnepw Nnbepsamw
lrZbw ]sSpWsamWv Amlp BhiysSpXv. Amh
{]bhcpw \cIn Ipn\ndbv m hn[nshcpamsWmWv
AAvdm^v: 179 ]dnpXv.
Fm Imcyfpw a\nemnbXn\ptijw JpB\nsBibw aqSnsh
I]ShnizmknIfpsS lrZbpw ImXpIpw Amlp aqSnbnncnp
Xn\m Ahcn\ntImepw D]ImcsSpIbn Fv ABw: 2526, CkvdmAv:
4546 kqfn ]dnpv. Ah A{IanIfpw {`mmcpamsWv AAvdm^v:
4041, Ilv^v: 57, kPZ: 22 kqfn ]dnpv. _Jd: 67, \lv: 106
hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
47. AhcXm \ntmSv inv thn [rXnIqpp. Amlp Xs hmKvZm\w
ewLnpIbn Xs. \nbw \ns \mYs ASp Hcp Znhkw
\n Fnhcp Bbncw hj t]msebmWv.
ChnsS Bbncw hjv Xpeyamb Zn\w Fv ]dXv inv thn
[rXnIqmXncnm\msWn, kPZ: 5 \n Fnhcp Bbncw
hjv Xpeyamb Hcp \mfn ChnsS \Sp Imcysfmw Ah\ntev
DbsSpp Fv ]dXv ChnsS \Sp Imcy DbsSpXns
thKXsbbmWv kqNnnpXv . aBcnPv : 4, aepIfpw Pn_v c oepw
AXn\mbncw hjw ssZLyap \mfn kzntev IbdpXmWv Fv
]dnpXn ]ctemIntebpw \cIntebpw Hcp Zn\nse
ssZLyamWv kqNnnpXv. bq\pkv: 11, AnbmAv: 3738 hniZoIcWw
740
JpB\ns Bmhv
t\mpI.
48. A{IanIfmb F{Xsb{X \mSpImWv Rm kmhImiw \InbXv.
]ns Rm\hsc ]nSnIqSn. AhcpsSsbmw aSw Fntev
Xsbpat.
lv: 44 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
49. \o ]dbpI: Hm, a\pjysc! \nbw Rm \nv hyamb
apdnbnpImc\mIpp.
ChnsS samw a\pjyschnfnv ]db\mWv \_ntbmSv I]npXv, Cv
hnizmknItfmSpw. samw a\pjyv JpB\nsBibw FnpsImSp
hnizmknbmb Amlphns {]Xn\n[nIfmb hnizmknIfpsS _m[yXbmWv.
Am ]w Cu kqw AhsXncmbnv kmyw hlnpXmWv .
AnbmAv : 107, ImcpWyamb JpB\nsBibw khtemIpw
FnpsImSpm I]nsXpsImmWv aplZv\_nsbn
khtemIpw ImcpWyambnmsX \ns Abnn Fv ]dXv .
^pJm: 1 IqnhmbnpI. AAvdm^v: 157158, \lv: 89 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
50. Atm BcmtWm hnizknpIbpw kaf\pjvSnpIbpw
sNbvXXv, Ahv ]m]tamN\hpw am\yamb `Whn`hfpapv.
Xzmlm: 130132, AnbmAv: 94,101103, lv: 3435 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
bmko: 1011 IqnhmbnpI.
51. \psS kqsf ]cmPbsSpm HmSn\Sphcmtcm
AqcmIpp \cI\nhmknI
_Jd: 39, amCZ: 86, CkvdAv: 9798, Xzmlm: 124127 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
52. \mw \n\papv Hcp {]hmNIs\tbm \_nsbtbm Abnn, Atlw
Fsnepw Hv ]dbm\ptinptm ]nimNv AXn CSs]nmsX.
Atm Amlp ]nimNv CpsImSpXv ambvpIfbpIbpw ]ns
Amlp Xs kqsf XXz\n`campIbpw sNpp. Amlp
bpn\mb kh\tm.
ABw: 112, bq\pkv: 1516 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
53. ]nimNv CpsImSpXv XfpsS lrZbfn tcmKaphpw
XfpsS lrZb Inpt]mbhpw Hcp ]coWampXn\v
thnbmWv. \nbw A{IanI hnZqcamb `nnn XsbpamIpp.
lv (22)
741
Cu kqn ]d XfpsS lrZbfn tcmKaph, ^mnl:

7 ]d hgn]ngpt]mbhcpw, _Jd: 167se ]n]nbhcpw, AnkmAv:
140se Im^ndpIfpw, Xu_: 73se Ip^v^mdpIfpw, Alvkm_v: 73, _n\: 6
Fo kqfnse apiv c npIfpamb, {]miq\ycmb apkv e nwIfnse
km[cWmcmWv. bq\pkv: 57 ]d lrZbfnep Fm kwibfpw
ZqcnIcnm\p ia\amb JpB\nsBibw D]tbmKsSpmhcpamWh.
bq\pkv: 17, lqZv: 17 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
Cu kqn ]d XfpsS lrZb Inpt]mbh, ^mnl:
7 ]d tIm]n\v hnt[bambhcpw, _Jd: 166 ]d ]n]shcpw,
AnkmAv: 140, Xu_: 73, Alvkm_v: 73 Fo kqfnse I]ShnizmknIfpw,
_n\: 6se Im^ndpIfpamWv. Ch AAvdm^v :175 ]d eyt_m[w
\jvSshcpamWv.
A{IanIfpw {`mmcpamb Cu cpIqpw Amlp Xu_: 68
hmKvZw sNbvXnpXv \cIpnse XomWv. Cu cvIqcn lrZbw
Inpt]mb, Amlp sImpIf I]ShnizmknI AnkmAv: 145 {]Imcw
hnNmcWbnmsX \cIn t]mIphcpw a\n tcmKap Im^ndpI
kpa: 71 {]Imcw hnNmcWv tijw \cIntev sXfnIsSphcpamWv.
cpIqcpw acWkabv kzns\Xcmbn \nbw R Im^ndpIfpw
A{IanIfpw Xsbmbncppshv kmyw hlnpsav bYm{Iaw AAvdm^v:
37, AnbmAv: 14 kqfn ]dnpv. _Jd: 176, bq\pkv: 88 hniZoIcWw
t\mpI.
54. Adnhv \Isnph \nbw CXv \ns \mY\n \np kXyw
XsbmsWv AdnbpXn\pw thnbmWv. Atmfh AXvsImv
hnizknpIbpw AhcpsS lrZb Aht\mSv Iogv s SpIbpw
sNpp. \nbw Amlp kXyhnizmknIfmbhsc t\sc sNmtbp
]mXbntev amKZi\w sNpIXs sNpw.
lv: 8,3435 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
55. \ntj[nIfmbh AXns Imcynep kwibn \nv hnIv
\npIbn, s]shv Ay\nanjw hcpXv hsc Asn
hybmb Hcp \mfnse in Ahv hspXv hsc.
JpB\nsImcynep kwibn \nv \ntj[nIfmbh hnIv
\npIbn FmWv kqw ]dbpXv. kpa: 5559 IqnhmbnI. lqZv: 17,
dAvZv: 3031, lnPv: 99 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
56. AtZn\w cmPm[n]Xyw AmlphnmIpp. AhnSbn Ah
hn[nInpw. Atm BcmWv hnizknpIbpw kaf\p
742
JpB\ns Bmhv
jv S npIbpw sNpXv Ah A\p{KloXamb kzKqtmp
IfnemIpp.
lv: 50 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
57. BcmtWm \psS kq aqSnshpIbpw XndbpIbpw

sNphcmIpXv , Atm Aq AhmIpp lo\amb
inbpXv.
lv: 51,53 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
58. BcmtWm AmlphnsamKn ]memb\w sNpIbpw ]ns
h[nsSpItbm Asn kz`mhnIacWw hcnpItbm sNbvXXv
Ahsc Amlp Ghpw \ `Whn`hsImv DupI
XssNpw. \nbw Amlp Duphcn shv Ghpw Da
XsbmIpp.
A^m: 7475, Xzmlm: 130 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
59. Ahsc Ah Xr]vXnsSp Hcp {]thi\amKn {]thinnpI
XssNpw. \nbw Amlp Fmw Adnbp kl\ioe
Xsbtm.
kqn "- A h Xr]vXnsSp' Fv ]dXn Amlp
Xr]vXnsSp Fpw hnizmkn Xr]vXnsSp Fpw Bibw Dv. A^m:
29, Xu_: 100 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
60. hh\pw {]XnImcw sNppsn Aht\mSp Xpyamb coXnbn
{]XnImcw sNbv X p sIms. ]ns AXns t]cn Ah
AXn{IansSpIbmsWn Amlp Ahs\ klmbnpIXs
sNpw. \nbw Amlp Gsds]mdpph\pw hnSpXn sNph\pw
Xsbtm.
\lv: 126128 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
61. AXv \nbw AmlphmWv cmhns\ ]Ien {]thinnpIbpw
]Iens\ cmhn {]thinnpIbpw sNpXv FXpsImmWv.
\nbw Amlp Fmw tIp khw honh\patm.
cmhpw ]Iepw DmnbXpw \nb{npXpw Amlp Bbncns
cmhnemIs ]Ienemhs Fsmcp A{Iaw \Smepw AXn\v \oXnbpamb
Xocpam\w \SnemtXpv. AXmWv JpB\nsBibneqsS Ah
\InbnpXv. ^pJm: 62 IqnhmbnpI. amCZ: 44, Xu_: 115 hniZoIcWw
lv (22)
743
t\mpI.
62. AXv \nbw Amlp am{XamWv kXyw, \nbw Ahs\qSmsX Ah
hnfnp {]mnp Fm Hpw anYybpamWv FXpsImmWv.
\nbw Amlp am{XamWv AXypX\pw AXnalm\pw.
lv: 73 IqnhmbnpI. lv: 1213 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
63. \o Int \nbw Amlp BImiv \nv shandpp.
AXphgn `qan ]]nSnXmbnocpp. \nbw Amlp
Dnsbpdnbp Fmw hebw sNbvXh\tm.
ABw: 103, dAvZv: 4, Ilv^v: 45, lv: 5 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
64. BImifnep Fm Hpw `qanbnep Fm Hpw Ah\pXm
Ipp. \nbw Ah kvXpXyl\mb sFicyhm XsbmIpp.
epJvam: 15, ^mzn: 15 IqnhmbnpI AnkmAv: 131133, lqZv: 90
hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
65. \o Int, \nbw Amlp `qanbpep Fm Hpw \nv
hnt[bamnnpXv. Ahs I]\{]Imcw kap{Zn I
kcnpsImncnpXpw, Ahs kXw sImmsX `qanbpsS
ta hogmsX BImis ]nSnp\npXpw. \nbw Amlp
P\tfmSv Gsd ImcpWyhm\mb Ir]mep XsbmWv.
"-\o Int' Fv tNmZnXn\v \o lrZbw sImv Innt AYhm
a\nemnbnnt FmWv Bibw. "Amlphns kXw'sImphnh
JpB\ns BibmaWv. bq\pkv: 100 hniZoIcWw t\mpI. Atm BImiw
`qanbpsSta hogmsX kqnpXv JpB\nsBibw \ne\npXp
sImmWv. AXmWv {]]w AXns kpe\n \ne\nm\p {XmkmWv
JpB\nsBibw Fv ]dXns s]mcp. apAvan: 17, Adlvam: 89,
lZoZv: 25 IqnhmbnpI. ABw: 157 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
66. Ah XsbmWv \nsf PohnnXv. ]ns \nsfbh acnnpw
]ns \nsfbh hopw Pohnnpw. \nbw a\pjy Gsd
\nsIh XsbmWv.
Ah\mWv \nsf krjvSnXv Fv ]dbmsX ChnsS PohnnXv FmWv
]dnpXv Fv {]tXyIw HmnpI. AYhm a\pjycpsS BZy krjvSnv
\SXv kzKnemWv . ]ns `qanbn Ggp Lfp PohnXnse
\memwLntep BZyP\\amWv \SpXv. _Jd: 28, AAvdm^v: 172173
hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
744
JpB\ns Bmhv
_pnin\Is a\pjy Ahs krjvSnv, P\\w, hfbpsS

hnhn[L, Ddw, acWw, PohnX eyw XpSnbhsbpdnv Hpw
NnnmsX {]bh\pw \nsIh\pamWv FmWv kqn ]dbpXv.
C_vdmlow: 34, CkvdmAv: 67,89, AnbmAv: 10 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
67. Fm Hmtcm kapZmbn\pw \mw _enIaw \nbnv sImSpnpv.
AhcXv A\pjvSnpsImncnpw. Atm I]\bpsS Imcyn
Ah \ntmSv hgnSmXncns. \o \ns \mY\ntev hnfnpIbpw
sNpI. \nbw \o t\scsNmtbp amKn XsbmWv
\nesImpXv.
lv: 34 hniZoIcWw t\mpI. I]\bpsS Imcyn Fv ]dXnse
I]\ sImptinpXv JpB\nsBibamsWv \lv : 2epw
\mY\ntev hnfntXv lnIvapw auCfpw ASnbnp JpB\ns
Bibw sImmsWv \lv: 125epw ]dnpv.
Aqd: 52 Ahkm\npXv \nbw \o amKZi\w sNpXv
t\scsNmtbp amKntev XsbmWv F BibtmSv IqSnbmWv.
lqZv: 56, bqkp^v: 108, dAvZv: 14, lnPv: 41, hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
68. C\n Ah \ntmSv XnpIbmsWn Atm \o ]dbpI: \n
{]hnpsImncnpsXpw AmlphmWv Gw Adnbph.
69. \n `nnpsImncnp GsXmnepw hn[nZnhk\mfn Amlp
\nnSbn hn[nI]npXmWv.
kPZ: 25, kpa: 46 IqnhmbnpI. _Jd: 113, \lv: 64, bq\pkv: 19
hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
70. \n\dnpIqtS, \nbw Amlp BIifnep Fm Hpw
`qanbnep Fm Hpw Adnbph\msWv. \nbw AsXmw Hcp
{Knepv. \nbw AXv Amlphn\v hfsc Ffpap ImcyamWv.
\nbw AsXmw Hcp {Knepv Fv ]dXnse {Kw JpB
XsbmWv. {XnImem\nbpsS {XnImem\amWv JpB. Xu_: 51, bq\pkv:
61, lqZv: 6, \lv: 89, CkvdmAv: 1315 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
71. Ah Amlphns\qSmsX tkhnpsImncnpXv, bmsXmcp
{]amWhpw AhXcnnnnmXns\bpw Ahv AXns\pdnv
bmsXmcp AdnhnmXns\bpamWvv. Ccw A{IanIv bmsXmcp
klmbnbpw DmhpIbpan.
lv (22)
745
{XnImem\amb JpB\nse Bdmbncn Ccpqn apnbmdv

kqfpw Amlphns\ ]cnNbsSppXn\pthn AhXcnnnp
XmsWncns Ahs A[nImcmhImifn ]ptNpXv hnUvVnhpw
A{IahpamWv. apkvenwIfn\nv Ccw inv hcpXv BibadnbmsX
JpB IgpXIsftmse hlnpXv sImmWv Fv JpB\nsBibw
^pJm\mbpw DmgvNmZmbIambpw D]tbmKsSpphv a\nemmw.
bq\pkv: 18, \lv: 86, lv: 1213 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
72. \psS hy-amb kq Ahv Bi-b-tm-Sp-IqSn hnh-cn-psIm-Sp-m, \ntj-[n-I-fpsS apJ-v hntcm[w Ifn-bm-Sp-Xv \n\p
ImWmw. Ah \psS kq- hni-Zo-I-cn-p--h-sc Zlnnp
hn[w Xpdnv t\mp--Xm-Wv. Ah-tcmSp ]dbp-I: CXn-tesd Xn-bmbXv Fm-sWv Rm \np ]d-p-X-c-stbm? \cIw! AXmWv
\ntj-[n-IfmbhtcmSv Amlp hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-cn-p--Xv, F{X- Zp-jn
aS--ew!
Jew: 5152 Amlp ]dbpp. \ntj[nIfmbh JpB\nsBibw
tI]nptm \ns Zlnnphn[w AhcpsSZrjvSnIsImv
Xpdnpt\mpXpw, \nbw Ch Hcp Pnv _m[nh XsbmsWv
]dbpXpamWv. Fm CXv khtemIpap Hcp A\pkvacWamsX
asmpa. JpB\nsBibw temIv samap A\pkv a cWhpw
kzKntev Xs Xncnpt]mIm\p SnpamWv . AXv a qSnshp
Im^ndpIv \cIpnse XobmWv Amlp hmKvZm\w sNbvXnpXv. Cmcyw
a\nemnb hnizmknI AhcpsS DchmZnw \nhlnpXnv thn
JpB\nsBibw aphv hnhcnpsImSpptm, \ntj[nIfpsS apJv
shdpv {]ISamIpXpw AhcpsS Imen\Snbnse av \ontmI
hn[nep t\mw t\mpXpamWv. Xu_: 125, bq\pkv: 1516 hniZoIcWw
t\mpI.
"- \ psS kq- hni- Z o- I - c n- p- - h - s c' Fv _lphN\n
]dXn\nv \_nv am{Xa JpB\nsBibw hnhcnp
Fmepap hnizmknIpw Cu A\p`hw t\cntSn hcpsamWv
a\nemtXv . JpB\ns\ `mKwshv apkv e nwIfpsSam{Xw {Kambn
]cnKWnphcn\nv BZckqNIamb s]cpamamWv JpB ]dbph\v
e`npsXn, Ah Amlp Dtin Bibn JpB
]dbmh\msWpw ]Wn\pw m\am\pw thn JpB ]dbp
I]ShnizmknbmsWpw a\nemtXmWv. Xu_: 67, 68, lnPv: 6, 9, 12,
Xzmlm: 124127 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
73. Hm a\pjytc, Hcp D]abnXm hnhcnpp: Atm \nfXv
{inptIpho! \nbw \n Amlphns\qSmsX
746
JpB\ns Bmhv
hnfnp{]mnphcptm Ah Hcp Cusbtmepw
krjvSnpIbn AXn\pthn Ahscmhcpw HcpanpIqSnbmepw icn.
am{Xa Cu Ahcn \nv Fsnepw XnsbSpp sImpt]mbm
AXv XncnsSpmt]mepw Ahv km[ya. klmbw tXSphcpw
tXSsSphcpw _elo\ Xs!
kqw a\pjyscbmWv A`nkwt_m[\w sNpXv FXn\m CXns

Bibw a\pjyv FnpsImSppI FXv JpB hlnp apkvenwIfpsS
_m[yXbmWv. Am]w JpB e`nm P\XbpsS ]m]`mchpw IqSn
Ch hlntnhcpw. ^mnl: 4, ABw: 26, AAvdm^v: 197198, AnbmAv:
9293, lv: 18 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
74. Ah Amlphns\ ]cnKWnthn[w ]cnKWnn. \nbw
Amlp i\mb APXsbtm.
khkrjvSmhn\v D]abpw DZmlcWfpw Pnphcpw
CSbmfmscbpw ip]mimscbpw ]Icmscbpw shphcpw Amlphn
hnizknthn[w hnizknmhcpw Amlphns\ ]cnKWnthn[w
]cnKWnmhcpamWv . Npcpn Bdmbncn Ccpqn apnbmdv
kq kanp Amlp am{XamWv ]q\mhpI. {Kn NneXv
FSppIbpw NneXv XnfbpIbpw sNphscmw Xs Amlphns\
]cnKWnthn[w ]cnKWnmhcpw inv sNphcpamWv. BenCwdm:
101103, ABw: 20,9192, \lv: 74, Xzmlm: 114 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
75. Amlp aepIfn\npw ktihmlIsc sXcsSppp
a\pjycn\npw. \nbw Amlp FmwtIp, honp
sImncnph\tm.
JpB\nsBibamWv Amlphnsktiw. aepIfn\np
ZqXm aptJ\ a\pjycn\nv sXcsSp ZqXmcntev AXv Znhy
ktiambn FnpsImSppp. "-\nbw CsXmcp am\y\mb ktihmlIs
hN\w XsbmWv ' Fv AlmJx 40 ]dXnse ktihmlI
a\pjycpsS t\Xmhmb aplZv \_nbpw, AIv h o: 19 ]dXnse
ktihmlI aepIfpsS t\Xmhmb Pn_vcoepamWv. ApAdmAv: 192194
IqnhmbnpI. \lv: 2, 102 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
{]]s AXns kpe\n \ne\ndpm\p {Xmpw
Aam\pamb B ktiw Innbh AXv aphcntev ]ItXmWv.
Am]w AXv aqSnshp P\Xsb \nbw Amlp kmKntev
\bnpIbn Fv amCZ: 67, \lv: 107 kqfn ]dnpv. AAvdm^v:
175176, Xu_: 5355, Ilv^v: 100105 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
lv (22)
747
76. AhcpsS apnep FmHpw AhcpsS ]nnep FmHpw Ah

Adnbpp, Fm Imcyfpw aSsSpXpw Amlphntev
XsbmIpp.
\_Av: 3840 IqnhmbnpI. CkvdmAv: 1315, adnbw: 64,80, Xzmlm: 110. lv:
70 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
77. Hm hnizmknIfmbnphtc, \n Ip\nbpIbpw kmjv S mwKw
{]WanpIbpw \nfpsS \mY\pthnam{Xw PohnpIbpw
DaambXv {]hnpIbpw sNpho \n hnPbw
hcnpIXs thWsaXn\v thn.
lv kqdnse Xnemhns kpPqZv hcp cmas kqamWnXv.
kqw: 73 a\pjysc A`nkwt_m[\w sNbvXmWv apdnbnv \IpsXn,
Cu kqn hnizmknIsf hnfnv apa\pjycptSXn \nv hyXyambn
AhcpsS kz`mhfpw {]h\fpw Cns\bmbncnWsav
InpIbmWv sNpXv. Ip\nbpI FXpsImptinpXv A\pkcWw
{]ISnnepw \akv I mcnse dpIqDamWv . kmjv S mwKw {]WanpI
FXpsImptinpXv ]caamb A\pkcWw {]ISnnp kpPqZmWv. AXv
\nhlnpXv JpB Xnemhnepw \akvImcnepamWv. Ahkm\Imev
JpB Xnemhns kpPqZmWv ]ca{][m\amsWv \_n lp hnZmC
Xs ]Tnnnpv. AAvdm^v: 206, dAvZv: 1415, lv: 18 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
\nfpsS \mY\pthnam{Xw PohnpI Fv ]dXns hnh,
JpB\ns Bibn\nv \mYs\ IspI FPohXeyw
kmmIcnpIbpw, JpB\nsBibw \SnempIhgn Ahs
{]Xn\n[nIfmbn PohnpIbpw, AXv {]NcnnpIhgn Ahs\ tkhnpIbpamWv.
DaambXv {]hnpI Fv ]dXns hnh; a\pjy `qanbntep
AhcpsS \ntbmKeyw Xncndnv , hobX, Xo{hhmZw, cwNn
XpSnb ss]imNnIIrXy CmXmn `qan AXns kpe\n
\ne\nm\p D]IcWamb JpB\nsBibw samw temIv
FnpXn\v thn {]bXv\nemWv. kz^v^v: 14 hnizmknIsfhnfnv
\n Amlphns\ klmbnphcmIpho Fv ]dXnse Amlphns\
klmbnepw, \nfn Ghpw Da JpB\nsBibw ]TnpIbpw
]TnnpIbpw sNph\mWv Fv \_n ]TnnXns s]mcpfpw CXv
XsbmWv. BenCwdm: 52, 79, 200, adnbw: 44,58 Xzmlm: 130132, hniZoIcWw
t\mpI.
78. Amlphns Imcyn PnlmZvsNthn[w PnlmZvsNpIbpw
sNpho. Ah\mWv \nsf sXcsSpnpXv. \nv Zo\n
\nfpsS ]nXmal C{_mloans Ncybn bmsXmcp {]bmkhpw
748
JpB\ns Bmhv
Dmnbnpan. Ah\mWv CXn\pappw Cu {Knepw \nv
"apkvenwI' Fv t]cv hnfnnpXv \nfpsS ta {]hmNI
kmnbmIpXn\pw \n a\pjycpsSta kmnIfmIpXn\pw
thn. Atm \n \akv I mcw \ne\npIbpw kImv
\IpIbpw Amlphns\smv apdpsI]nSnpIbpw sNpI.
Ah\mWv \nfpsS bPam\ F{X\ bPam\\pw F{X\
klmbnbpw!
"- A mlphns Imcyn PnlmZv sNthn[w PnlmZv sNpI'

FXpsImptinpXv Amlphns amKnep XymK]cn{iafmWv.
apImefn _Jd: 193 ]d {]Imcw hnizmknbmbn PohnWsaph\v
hnizmknbmbn Pohnm\p kmlNcyw DmIpXphsc bpw sNepw B
bpn h[nepw h[nsSepw PnlmZn s]Xmbncpp. Xu_: 111
hniZoIcWw t\mpI. hnizmknIfpsS kwLtmSv am{XamWv bpn\v
I]nnpXv. hnizmknIfpsS kwLapsn Ahv A[nImcw \Ipsav
Aq: 55 ]dnpapv. Hs hnizmknItfmSv JpB\ns BibwsImv
AXv aqSnshp Ip^v^mdpItfmSpw, I]ShnizmknItfmSpw A[nIcn PnlmZv
sNm\mWv ^pJm: 52eqsS I]nnpXv. Xu_: 73 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
Cv hnizmknIfpsS kwLanmXn\m bpan, adnv ^pJm: 52
{]Imcw JpB\nsBibw sImp PnlmZv am{XamWpXv. C{_mlnw: 1mw
kqns I]\{]Imcw temIs AImcfn \npw {]Imiamb
JpB\ns Bibntev ]pdsSphnpXn\v thn, JpB\ns
Bibs temIv ]cnNbsSpptm, ùXnI]qPIcmb Amlphns
tIm]n\pw im]n\pw hnt[bcmb I]ShnizmknIfn\npw, Ahsc
Aambn]n]p hgn]ng JpBs\XndbpI FXv `Wamnb
sIP\Xbn \npap FXnpI AhKWnpIbpw, AhtcmSp \akvIcnv
t\m\pjvSnv lvsNbvXv ]ngbmbn \cIw kmZnp sI]n{`m
(AAvdm^v: 40, 175176) P\Xbn Dsh\ Rm Fv {]Jym]nepw
PnlmZn s]XmWv. Amlphn\pthn JpB\nsBibw ]dbptm
AXns\ tNmZyw sNp sIP\Xbns]ht\mSv kpa: 8 {]Imcw "-\o \ns
\ntj[hpwsImv ChnsS A]Imew kpJnpI \nbw \o \cIhmknIfn
s]h XsbmWv' Fv ]dbepw, P\XtbmSv HnmsWn C{_mlow:
30{]Imcw "- \ n ChnsS kpJnpsImpI, \nbw \nfpsS aSw
\cIntev XsbmWv' Fv ]dbepw PnlmZn s]XmWv. Xu_: 6768,
lv: 72 hniZoIcWw t\mpI. Amlp sImpIf a\pjynimNpfmb
Ccw I]ShnizmknIsf tZiyw ]nSnnp hn[nep Ipphmv ]db,
]cpjambn s]cpamd, sIm\w ImWn, i]n Fnhbpw PnlmZn
s]XmWv. AhtcmSp tZjyw {]ISnnpXn\v thn AAvdm^v: 150 {]Imcw
aqkm\_n sNbvXXpt]mse JpB Fdnbepw, \n \msf \cIn
lv (22)
749
]n]ns]cpmgn FnhbpsS cq]n ]p\cpohnnsSphcmWv Fv

]dbepw hnizmknIv PnlmZn s]XmWv. amCZ: 60, Xu_:120121, Xzmlm:
124127 hniZoIcWw t\mpI. Ckm\_n \Snb PnlmZv a\nempXn\v
ambn: 23 136 t\mpI. Cp temIp apkvenw ]nIsfmwXs
lv: 40 ]dXn\v hncpambnonpXn\mepw, On{ZXXbpw `nnpw
hfp D]{Zhapmp ]nIfmbn amdnbnpXn\mepw, AhnSfn
t_mw_pkv t ^mS\w \Sn csmcnnepmpXn\mepw Acw
]nimNns IqSmc s]mfnpIfbpIbmWv thXv Fv ]dbepw PnlmZn
s]XmWv. Xu_: 106108 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
PnlmZv ey {]m]vXnvthn khIgnhpIfpw D]tbmKsSpemWv.
eyamIs kzKntev Xs Xncnpt]mIepamWv. AXn\v JpB\ns
samwBibw Snmbpw, Fmhn[ B]v hn]pIfn \npw tcmKfn
\npw \cIn \npw AhchscImpkqnpXpw kwcnpXpamb
]cnNbmbpw, apsslan\mbpw, tcmKia\ambpw, sFicyambpw, ImcpWyambn
D]tbmKsSpepw, As\ D]tbmKsSpm temIv Fnp
sImSpepw PnlmZn s]XmWv. Npcpn {XnImem\amb
JpB\nsBibn \nv PohnXeyw Xncndnv kzmX,
kzP\]]mXnw, kwLS\m]]mXnw, hKobX, Xo{hhmZw, òIchmZw
Foss]imNnIamKfn \nv tamN\w t\Sn a\pjycpsS sFIyw
m]nXamIpXn\vthnbpw As\ temIv samw imnbpw kam[m\hpw
\Sn hv {]]s AXns kpe\n \ne\ndppXn\p thnbpw
{]bXv\nemWv PnlmZv. AnkmAv: 1 , ABw: 157, A^m: 75 hniZoIcWw
t\mpI.
Fm JpB\nsBibanmXn\m Cv "-PnlmZv' apkvenwIfpw
AapkvenwIfpw Hcpt]mse sXncnncnpIbmWv. AnbmAv 107 aplZv
\_nsb temIpsamw A\p{KlambnmsX Abnn FmWv
]dnpsXn JpB\ns BibsaqSnshv aplZv \_nsb
sImcpXmh\pw Xo{hhmZnbpw hKobhmZnbpw kmapZmbnIhmZnbpw
kv{Xoew_S\pambn Nn{XoIcnp hn[nep PohnXcoXnbpw {]kwKfpw
{]h\fpamWv hnhn[ apkvenw kwLS\Ifn \nv Dmbnsmncn
pXv. kapZmbn\pw tZin\pw thn am{Xap t]mcmfmWv Cv
PnlmZns t]cn temIv FmbnSpw \SpsImncnpXv FXv Hcp
ZpxJkXyamWv. An{InkvXphmb akolpm hcpXv Ccw
{]h\sf \ymboIcnpXn\pw klmbnpXn\pambncnpw. Zmens
hcthmSpIqSn lnPmkv HgnsI temIns ap`mKfnsemw bYm
Ckvemans\ ambvpIfv Ip^vdv \Sn hcppXpw, Ccw PnlmZvhmZnIfpsS
Bhiysfmw ]qhWnbnpsImSppXpambncnpw. AXmWv akolpm
ens kzKw. hnizmknItfmSv Ahs \cIw sXcsSpm\mWv \_n
750
JpB\ns Bmhv
]TnnnpXv. tijw Cukm\_n hcnIbpw akolpmens\bpw Ahs
A\pbmbnItfbpw h[npIfbpIbpw temIvsamw imnbpw kam[m\hpamb
Ckvemw \Sn hcppIbpw sNpXmWv. AmWv AnkmAv: 91, Xu_:
123, Alvkm_v: 61 Fo aqv kqfneqsS I]ShnizmknIsf IpapptSv
shv h[nWsav ]d CXphsc \Snemm JpB\ns I]\
\Sn hcppI. Av Ckvemw kzoIcnp Cs AapkvenwIfpsS
ssIIfmemWv AXv \Sn hcnI. Atm \nc]cm[nIfmb Amlphns
krjvSnIfpsS cw Nnp PnlmZneqsSbpw `qanbn \miw hnXp Xo{hhmZ
{]h\fneqsSbpw h[nsSm kzbw AlXt\SpIbmWv Cs
PnlmZphmZnIfmb D{KhmZnI sNpXv. Bmhns `Whpw hkv{Xhpamb
JpB\nsBibw temIcn \nv aqSnshXns t]cnam{Xw h[nsSpXv
\oXnbmbncnpIbntm! amCZ: 32, AAvdm^v: 157158 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
"-AmlphmWv \nsf Ahs ktiamb JpB\nsBibw temIv
FnpsImSppsImv Ahs\ klmbnpXn\v thn sXcsSpnp
Xv' BenCwdm: 110, Xu_: 112 hniZoIcWw t\mpI. "-\nv Zo\n
\nfpsS ]nXmal C_v d mloans Ncybn bmsXmcp {]bmkhpw
Dmnbnpan' Fv ]dXns hnh, JpB\nsBibw apdpsI]nSnv
Pohnp hnizmknIv JpB ]cnNbpw apsslan\pw ImcpWyhpw
sFizcyhpsamw BbXn\m, Amlphns `qanbn FhnsSbpw PohnpXn\v
bmsXmcp _pnappw DmhpIbn FmWv. BenCwdm: 79 hniZoIcWw
t\mpI. \lv: 120122 {]Imcw, Hcp {]m\ambncppshv hntijnns
C{_mlnw\_n kz]nXmhn\pw P\Xbv pw FXncmbn \nesImXn\m
XoIpWvTn Fdnbssnepw Amlp Xobns\ XWppXpw
kam[m\apXpamn ampIbmWpmbXv . Atm Amlphn\p thn
\nesImphnizmknsb ImcyImcW_n\v AXoXambn Amlp
klmbnpIXssNpsamWv C_vdmloans Ncybn Zo\n bmsXmcp
_pnappw Dmnbnn Fv ]dXns Bibw. lqZv: 56, AnbmAv: 6970,
74, 77, 84, 88, 94 hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
"-Ah\mWv CXn\pappw Cu {Knepw \nv "-apkvenwI' Fv
t]cv hnfnnpXv' Fv ]dXns hnh, Amlphns ASp BZw
apX Ay\mhsc kzoImcyamb PohnXcoXn Ckvemw am{XamWv FmWv.
khkzw Amlphn\v kanemWXv. BenCwdm : 19, AnbmAv: 92
hniZoIcWw t\mpI. {]IrXnaXamb B Ckvemw AwKoIcnv khkzw
Amlphn\v kanv PohnphscbmWv apkvenwI Fv ]dbpXv. ChnsS
hnizmknIsf hnfnmWv A`nkwt_m[\w sNpXv FXpsImv hnizmknI
am{Xta B Ckveman \nesImpIbpq Fv a\nemmw. _Jd: 62
hniZoIcWw t\mpI. Ah am{Xsa khkzw Amlphn\v kanpsImv
imnbpw kam[m\hpw t\Sn Xncnpt]mhpIbpapq. _Jd: 136, 208 BenCwdm:
751
lv (22)
102, dAv Z v : 28 hniZoIcWw t\mpI. Fm ]mccyaXmSnm\n

Pohnp apkv e nw \mathj[mcnIfmb, JpB\nsBibw Adnnv
aqSnshp I]ShnizmknIfpw AXns\ Xndbp hgn]nghcpw
"kzns\Xnsc RIm^ndmbncpp' Fv kmyw hlnv acWsSpsapw
AhcmWv \cIns klhmknIsfpw _Jd: 39, AAvdm^v: 37, Xu_: 55, 125
Fo kqfnepw apw ]dnpv.
"-\nfpsS ta {]hmNI kmnbmIpXn\pw \n a\pjycpsSta
kmnIfmIpXn\pw thn' Fv ]dXns hnh, Amlp
Xr]v X nsPohnXw {]hmNI \nv \Sv Ccpv InSv Pohnv
ImWnpXcpXn\pw \n B PohnXw ASnapSnsXmsX apP\v Pohnv
kmyw hlnpXn\pw thn FmWv. AnkmAv: 41, Xu_: 65, \lv: 89
hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
"- A mlphns\smv apdpsI]nSnpI' Fv ]dXns hnh,
Amlphns ]miamb Bdmbncn Ccpqn apnbmdv kqfmIp
IncW ASnb samw JpB\nsBibs apdpsInSnemWv .
BenCwdm: 101103, AnkmAv: 174175, A^m: 40, Xu_: 51, lv: 1516
hniZoIcWw t\mpI.
Amlpth! RfpsS \mYm! Rsf \o JpB\ns BibwsImv
\ns lrZbn kqnthn[w kqnv Pohnphcpw acWkabv,
khkzw \n\v kanvsImv P\nXpt]mse \njIfcmbn bmsXmcp
sh{]mfhpw ZpxJhpw {]bmkhpanmsX apkvenambnsmv acnphcpsS
Iqn DsSppIbpw sNtWta! {]]w AXns kpe\n
\ne\nm\p {Xmmb JpB\ns Bibs khtemIpw
FnpsImSpmthnbp XymK]cn{iafn apgpIn, \ns amn
PnlmZv sNthn[w PnlmZv sNm Rv \o thpI \tIWta!
Rsf \o hnizmknIfpw A\pkcWw {]ISnnphcpw kmjv S mwKw
{]Wanphcpw \nstkhnphcpw \n\pthn am{Xw Pohnphcpw
\nsklmbnphcpw \nskv X pXnphcpw \nshmgv phcpam
tWta! Snmb JpB\ns BibwsImv hnNmcWbnmsX kzn
{]thinphtcmsSmhpw hnPbnItfmsSmhpw kzKn {]thinntWta!
Hm Snv AhXcnnnpht\! Hm ]pWyhm\mb ImcpWyhmt\!
752
Jp-B-\nsBmhv
]Z-kq-NnI
AAvdm^v
AoZv
AkmdpI
A\nkvemanIw
AInm_v
A^m
AnIv
Au_
Ad^mZn\w
AAvdm_nI
Alvkm_v bpw
AlnPv
Alv
AdAvZv
A^vCZx
AIlv^v
Amdx
APv\_n`mj
Akzv
Alnmv
AkvdmCu
AlvepIm
AnbmAv
Aam\v
BZvP\X
Bbv
Benw
B_nZv
Cno
CkvdmAv
CkvdmCu
Co
Ckvemw
C_vdmlow
CkvamCu
CkvlmJv
Cemlv
Hcp kqdns t]cv, Xncndnbph

Xn--bpsS \nco-I\pw Ipdn-p-Im-c-\p-amb aev
klmbnI
Ckveman\v A\yambXv
BImiv\nv `qanbntev Cds GI{Kw
Hcp kqdns t]cv, bpapXepI
thZns Bmhv, JpB\ns lrZbns`mjbnep Bibw
Hcp kqdns t]cv, ]mm]w
lnse Ad^mbn \npZn\w
_ZpAd_nI, {KmaoWAd_nI
JJv bpw, lnPvd Amwhjw hnizmknIsXncn
hnhn[kwL ]sSpbpw
Hcp kqdns t]cv, ineIfpsS \mSv
Hcp kqdns t]cv, tX\o
Hcp kqdns t]cv, CSn\mZw
^pBZns _lphN\w, a\v, _pnin
Hcp kqdns t]cv, Kpl
NoI]np (a\v)
hntZi`mj, Ad_n Am`mj
Hcp kqdns t]cv, Imew
\akvImcn Amlphpambp A`nkwt_m[\w
acn-n-p--Xn-\p-thn \ntbm-Kn--s aev
`mcymkm-\-
Hcp kqdns t]cv, \_nam
hniz-kn-t]n-Xv, D-c-hm-ZnwJpB\nsBibw
lqZv\_n \ntbmKns P\X
Jp-B-\nse Hcp kqw As-n Hcp Zrmw
Jp-B-\ns Bi-b-a-dn-bp ]WvUnX
C_m-Zn apgp-In-b-h
k\fpsS I tcJsSpp kznse ]cnI
Hcp kqdns t]cv, \nim{]bmWw
bAJq_v\_nbpsS asmcp t]cv
Ckm\_nv \Inb{Kw, ss__nfns DdhnSw
{]IrXn PohnXcoXn
Hcp kqdns t]cv, Hcp {]hmNIs \maw
Hcp {]hmNIs \maw, C_vdmlow \_nbpsS BZysaI
Hcp {]hmNIs \maw, C_vdmlow \_nbpsS cmasaI
Im-WmsXIv Bsc hnfn-m-tam, BtcmSv klmbw tXSm-tam,
753
]ZkqNnI
]Z-kq-NnI
CimAv
C_mZv
C_veokv
Camw
Clvkm
CAvXnZm
CkvXnKmkx
CPvXnlmZv
Clvdmw
CimAm
Cuam
Dv
DlvZvbpw
Dwdx
DepAkvapI
Huenbm
Iemw
Ienamv
Im^n
Ip^v
Ip^v^m
Jkzkv
J_
Jkm
Jeo^x
Jnfv
JndmAv
Jn_vex
Jnbmav\m
JnkvXzv
Jmdq
JpB
JpXzp_x
Jpssdin
Bsc `b-s-Sm-tam, Bcn `c-ta]nmtam Ah.

cm{Xn \akvImckabw
PohnXw apgp-h Dgn-p-sh-pI, hgn-s-Sp-I, A\p-k-cn-pI
Bi-b--h, ]n-im-Nv
Fm Imcyn\pw apn \ndptXv, JpB\ns Bibw,
\akvImcn\v t\XrXzw \Iph
kzbw t{]cnX\mbn \bntev tNtdpI
\akvImcn Ip\nbentsbpw kpPqZnsbpw CSbnep \ndpw
CStXw
KthjWw
{]tXyIhk{XaWnv lnt\m Dwdtmthn {]thinpI.
A-mlp Dt-in-m
hnizmkw
kapZmbw, {]m\w
lnPvd aqmw hjw amapivcnpIfpambn \Sbpw
lvImemsXbp XomS\w, GgpXhWhoXw IAv_v
Nppap {]ZnWhpw kz^m ahmIppIInSbnep Hmhpw
ASp Bcm[\mNSv
sscyaph, ktihmlIcnse {][m\s Avt]
kwcIm, tXmgam
kw-kmcw
h-N-\- (Jp-B-\ns hymJym-\w)
kXyadnv aqSn-shp-h
\ntj[w, aqSnsh
ASn-Sn kXys aqSn-shp-h
Hcp kqdns t]cv, kw`h Ncn{X
ihpgn, a\jyPohnns AmasLw
JP\mhpI, kw`cWn
{]Xn\n[n
aqkm\_nsb Adnhv ]Tnnm \ntbmKns aev
]mcm-bWw, hmb\
temIhnizmknIfpsS {imtI{w
temImhkm\ Zn\w
\oXn, Xpe\w
aqkm\_nbpsS ImevPohnncp Hcp{]amWn
Bhnmhnv hmbnsSp{Kw
PpapAZn\nse {]`mjWw
abnse {]_etKm{Xns t]cv, \_nbpsS tKm{Xw
754
Jp-B-\nsBmhv
]Z-kq-NnI
Juw
P\X
K\oav
bpapX
Kzmho
eyt_m[w \jvSsh
Kzm^neo
{]bh
Plw
ZnIv D]tbmKsSpmhp \cI IhmSw
Plow
\cIntep asmcp IhmSw
Pmp^nZukv^nZukv tXm, kznse DXtI{w
PamAv
Iqw
Pmdw
almmfpsS J_dnSw
Pmlnenv
A-Imc PohnXcoXn
PmlnepI
AhnthInI
PmcnbmbkzZJx
\ne\np Zm\w
Pn_vco
Znhy-k-t-iw- Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xn\v G]n--s aev,
aepIfpsS t\Xmhv
PnlmZv
ey-km-m-XvI-c-W-n-\p XymK-]-cn-{iaw
Pnkvbx
Iw
Pnv
Xo-zm-eb
- m krn-s
- AtKm-Nc
- a
- mb krnIPpapAx
shngmbvN Dp IqwIqS
Ppx
]cnN
PqZn]Xw
Xpnbnep Hcp ]Xw
Pwdx
kvXq]w, ]nimNns {]XoIambkvXq]w
XdmC_v
kv{XobpsS CSpv
XJvh
kqvaX, `b`n
X^vko
JpB hym-Jym\w
X_qv
tdmamkm{amPyns AXnn {]tZiw, kuZnbnse hSp
`mKp Hcp t{]mhnkv
XaqZv
Xudmns ]pXnb]Xnv
XZvIndx
Snv
Xbpw
ipn- Dt-in-p-sImv ap-sImv XSh
XIv_o
A-m-lp-hns\ alXzsSp-
Xkv_olv
A-m-lp-hns\ ]cn-ip--s-Sp-
Xlveo
Am-lp-hns G-I-Xzw {]Jym-]n-
XPvhoZv
JpB ]m-cm-bW apd
Xnemhv
{]-Xn-I-cn-p-sIm-p JpB ]mcmbWw
Xnemhns kpPqZv JpB ]mcmbWtmS\p_np kmjvSmwKw
XzemJv
hn-hm-l-tam-N\w
XzpaAv\o\v
imnbpw kam-[m-\-hpw Ddpw e`np Ah
XzmKqv
Zp-n-I
755
]ZkqNnI
]Z-kq-NnI
Xzq_m
Xudmv
XuloZv
Xu_x
YaqZvP\X
Yadmv
YuKpl
kznse Hcp hrns t]cv

aqkm\_nv \Inb {Kw
G-I-Xz-n A[n-n-X-am-bXv
Hcp kqdns t]cv, ]-m-m]w
kzmenlv\_n \ntbmKnsP\X
ê
]memb\n\nSbn aplZv\_n Hfn abpsS
sXp`mKp Hcp Kpl
ZmpAfv
Ah-km\\mfns e-W-ambn ]pd-s-Sp arKw
ZnIv
lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn-ep Jp-B-\ns Bibw, DWpXv
Zo
Po-hn-X-hy-h
Zplv
lPvd Iednse ]{mas amkns t]cv
ZpJss\\n
cv sImph/Ingpw ]Snmdpw PbnSnb Hcp cmPmhv
Zp\nbmhv
Cl-temIw
\koAv
bpw \njnamnb amkfpw A\pjvSm\fpw amnadn
\^vkv
B-mhv
\PvZv
Cs kuZnbnse dnbmZv, Jkow t{]mhnkv ASnb`mKw
\_n
Znhyktiw \Ish
\m
\cIw, Xo
\nmlv
hnhml DS-Sn
\p_pv
{]hmNIXzw
\pXzv^x
]pcpjs _oPw, kv{XobpsS Aw
\qlv
Hcp kqdns t]cv, BZyambn {Kw \Is {]hmNI
\wdqZv
C{_mlow \_nbpsS Imev CdmJnse `cWm[nImcn
^mknJv
sXmSn
^mPn
B-ibw ]Tn-m {ian-msX Jp-B\ns icocw Xnp--h
^nXvv\x
]coWw, \miw
^nHu
aqkm\_nbpsS Imev CuPn]vXnse `cWm[nImcn
^pJm
Hcp kqdns t]cv, kXymkXyhnthN\am\Zw
^pm
^m-Pn-dns _lp-h-N\w
_n\x
Hcp kqdns t]cv, hyambXv
_kzmC
DmgvNmZmbIw
_loPv
tim`bp, Ghpw tbmPn
_kJv
ad, J_, a\pjysGgvLfnse AmwLw
_Zv
abvpw aZo\bvpw CSbnep ew
_\papkvXzenJv HcptKm{Xns t]cv
_nkvan
\wev kqdnse apXmw kqskqNnnpXv
_nkvanmln
Amlphns \maw sImv
756
Jp-B-\nsBmhv
]Z-kq-NnI
_plm
sXfnhv, Jp-B-\ns Bibw
ss_papJnkv -ê-kvXo-\n-ep ]cn-ip--amb AmlphnshoSv, cmas
Jn_ve
ss_Av
kXy-{]-Xn
amapivcnpI aplZv\_nbpsS Imes abnse _lpssZhmcm[Icmb P\X
aev
{]-Im-i-m krn--s AtKm-N-c-amb krn-I
aIv
KqVX{w
ax
CkvdmCu kXnIv ko\macp`qanbn CdnsImSp
Hcp kzKobamb `Whn`hw
akolpm
Ay \mfns {][m\ASbmffn Hmb Ckvemans\
ambvp-I-f-bmhcp I-hmZn
aKvcn_v
]Snmdv
aKvcn_v\akvImcw kqcymkvXabtijap \akvImcw
aZvl_pI
`n-m-`n-{]m-b kzoIcnv b-mYmy-n\nv t]mbhgn
akvPnZpldmw
cw Nnepw hmZtIm-em-l-e-fpw \njn--amb IAv_p
Nppap ]n
aw^Xvlv
amhnPbw
aZo\x
]Ww, bkvcn_ns ]pXnb\maw
aZo\p_n
\_nbpsS ]Ww
akvPnZpzndm
hnizmknInSbn `nnpmm aZo\bn I]Shnizmkn
I \nn D]{ZhIcamb ]nbpsS t]cv
aPqknI
AKv\n Bcm[Icmb aXm
anv\akvImcw acnhs taep {]m\
aAvaqav
\a-kvIm-c-n Cam-ans\ ]n-p-S-cp-h
alvidx
]ctemIv hnNm-c-W-p-thn Hcp-an-p-Iq--s-Sp k`
amenIv
\-c-I-ns ]mdm-hp-ImcpsS t\Xm-hmb aev
anAvdmPv
aplZv\_nbpsS Amlphpambp IqSn-mgvNvthnbp
kzKmtcm-lWw
ankzv
]Ww, CuPn]vXns ]gbt]cv
an
{]kwK]oTw
aoJmv
Clvdm-an {]th-in-m- \nPs-Sp-nb m\-
aomCu
CSn, an, Imv, ag FnhsImv G]n--s aev
apivcnv
{k-m-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tNph
apXzvaCx
imnbpw Ddpw t\Snb(Bmhv)
aplvIav
X-Xzm-[n-jvTnXamb kq
apAvan
hn-izmkn
ap\m^nJv
I-]-S-hn-izm-knapJo
A-m-lp-hns\ lrZ-b-n kqn--h
757
]ZkqNnI
]Z-kq-NnI
apPvcnw
aplmPndpI
apkvenw
apkvenwI
apAvPnkv
ap\mPmv
aplvkn
apkvXuZAv
apPmlnZv
apPmCZv
apsslan
apkvXJdv
aqkm
aqkhoicoAv
{`m-, Ip--hm-fn, Nnm-in D]-tbm-Kn-m--h

]mem-b\w sNbvX-h
kkzw {km-hn\v kan--h
apkvenw \ma[mcnI
Zn-hym-pXw
Iq-Sn-mgvN
A-m-lp-hns\ IpsImv Ncn-p--h
tKm-Uu, _kJv Pohn-X-n-\p ew
Amlphns amKn XymK]cn{iaw sNph
JpB kqtfmSv hntcm[w shv Xnph
ImpkqnphAmlp, ImpkqnpXvJpB
XmXvImenIamb sF-lnIPohnXn\p ]mnSw,
Dep AkvapIfns] Hcp {]hmNIs t]cv
aqkm\_nbpsS Imew apX aplZv \_nbpsS Imew htcbp
CkvemanI PohnXcoXn
auem\
RfpsS bPam\, Amlphns \maw
auCfv
kZp]tZiw
auCfp lk\x XXzm[njvSnX kqfpsS kam\amb D]aDZmlcW
bAvJq_v
Hcp {]hmNIs \maw/C{_mlow \_nbpsS ]u{X
bAvPqPv aAvPqPv Ah-km\\mfns e-W-ambn ]pd-s-Sp `qan-bn \miw hnXp cv hn`m-Kw- P\
bq\pkv
Hcp kqdns t]cv, Hcp {]hmNIs t]cv
bqkp^v
Hcp kqdns t]cv, bAvIq_v\_nbpsS aI, Hcp{]hmNI
buap ^pJm _Zvbpw \S Zn\w
cnkmev
ktiw, krjvSmhns krjvSnIp Iv, JpB\ns
Bibw
cnfvhm
kzK-ns ]mdm-hp-Im-cpsS t\Xm-hmb aev
emax
a\xmn
eqzv
Hcp {]hmNIs t]c/C{_mlow \_nbpsS ktlmZc]p{X
eulpalv^qfv
kpcnXambn kqns êIwUnkvv
ho
ssIImcyImhv
hkzoex
Am-lp-hns kmao]yw t\Sm-\p D]m[n
henv
kw-c-I, tXmg
hpfqAv
AwKipn
hpkvXzm\akvImcw XzpaAv\o\tmSpIqSnbp \akvImcw
ssh
hnNmcWbnmsX \cIn {]thinnsSp, ItTmcin
lcmbhcpsS \cIntep {]thi\IhmSw
ilmZv
kXy-kmyw
758
Jp-B-\nsBmhv
]Z-kq-NnI
iloZv
iv
imv
inv
ipsF_v
iplZm
ssizm
kZqw
k_q
khx
c kmyw hlnh
D-]m[n, \n_\
BgvNbnse s]cpm i\nbmgvN Znhkw BNcn
{k-m-hns A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i--fn ]p-tN
Hcp {]hmNIs t]cv
iloZns _lphN\w
]nimNv
eqzvP\XbpsS hmkew
GSv, ko\w, ZmhqZv \_nv \Inb {Kns t]cv
ImS, CkvdmCu kXnIv ko\m acp`qanbn CdnsIm
Sp Hcp kzKob `Whn`hw
kJqw
\cIns ASnn \nv apfphcp IphmfnIv
`nm\p hrw
kemw
kam[m\w, c
kemw]db
cv thnbp {]m\, CkvemanI A`nkwt_m[\mcoXn
kmv
kv ipoIcnm\p \n_ Zm\w
kJ
\cIntep Hcp IhmSns t]cv
kCu
\cIntep Hcp IhmSns t]cv
knZpCkvXnKv^m- s]mdpens\ tXSpXn\p Ghpw t{ijvSamb {]m\
km_nJv
apISph, hnNmcWbnmsXkzKn {]thinph
kno
Zp\--fpsS I tcJsSpp \cInep ]nI
kp_v
GSpI, k_qdns _lphN\w
kpPqZv
km-mK{]Wmaw
kp_vlv
kqtcymZbn\p app \akvImcw
kpv
Ncy, \S]Sn {Iaw, sFOnIambXv
kqdv
JpB\nse Hcp A[ymbw
kzZJx
Zm\w
kzlm_n
\_nbpsS klhmkn
kzmenlv
YaqZv P\Xbntev \ntbmKns Hcp {]hmNIs t]cv
kzmenlo
k\, JpB\ns kti{]NmcI
kzmZv
kw`h Ncn{X hniZoIcnp JpB\nse Hcp kqdns
t]cv, Ad_n AcXamebnse ]Xn\memas Acw
kzndmpapkvXJowt\scsNms-bp amKw, straigthpath
kznZvJv
kXyw, JpB\nsBibw
kznoJo
JpB\ns\ kXysSpnbh, kXykm
kzp_v
hmcnsbv
kzq
AyZn\n DuXsSp Imlfw
lpAIv_
almb lvZn\w, shnbmgvN Ad^mZn\ambnhcp lv
759
]ZkqNnI
]Z-kq-NnI
lJv
lphnZmAv
lZokv
lZnb
kXyw, JpB\nsBibw
hnShm lv
ham\w, JpB
ImcyImcW_n\v AXoXambn \IpXv, JpB\ns
hniZoIcWw
lem
A\phZ\obw
ldmw
\njnw
lk\v
\Xv
l_o_pm BimcnWn sNbvXncp l_o_v HcmfpsS t]cv
lmP
knlvX\mhpI
lmPnam
XomSI
lmhnbx
Kymkv tN, Inbmfp \cIw
lm^nfv
JpB a\xmTamnbh
lnPvdx
]memb\w, \mSpw hoSpw shSnpt]mI
lnPmkv
abpw aZo\bpw Dsmp {]tZins t]cv
lnzXp
s]mdpens\tSpI, kam[m\tmsS A`nkwt_m[\w
sNpI.
ln^vfv
a\x]mTam
lnIvav
XXzm\w, ZoLhoWw
lpZm
kmw
lpss\bpw
lpss\ Xmgvhcbnshv \Sbpw
lpssZ_nbmkn \_nbpw amapivcnpIfpw Xn lpssZ_nbnshpmb kn
lpXzax
\cInse {Ij, \cInse Hcp IhmSns t]cv
lqZv
Hcp kqdns t]cv, BZv P\Xbntev \ntbmKns
{]hmNIs t]cv
flv
apXpIv
fzmenw
A{Ian
fzplv
a[ymw
dv
DSa, \mY
dlvam
]caImcpWnI, \njv]hm
dkq
ktihmlI
dJo_v
\-bpsS \nco-I\pw Ipdn-p-Im-c-\p-amb aev
d_oDBJ
lnPvd Iednse \memw amkw
dIvAv
\ndphpw Ip\nbepw kpPqZpw Ccphpw DsImp
\akvImns Hcp bqWnv
dqlv
ssNX\yw, Poh+Bmhv, Ienamv, Pn_vcoens asmcp t]cv
dqlpJpZvkv
]cnipmmhv, Pn_vcoens asmcp t]cv
dpIqAv
A\pkcW{]IS\w, \akvImcnse Ip\nb
761
JpB kqd-p-I
kq-fpsS
Fw
1. A^m-nl
(BapJw)
2. A_Jd
(]ip)
286
3. Ben-Cw-dm
(Cw-dm IpSpw_w)
200
4. Ankm-Av
(kv{XoI)
176
5. Aam-CZ
(`-W--fn-I)
120
6. ABw
(IpImen-I)
165
7. AAvdm^v
(Xncn--dn-bp-h)
206
8. A^m
(bp-apX-ep-I)
9. Au_
(]-m-m-]w)
129
10. bq\pkv
(Hcp {]hm-N-Is \maw)
109
11. lqZv
123
12. bqkp^v
111
13. Ad-AvZv
(CSn-\m-Zw)
43
14. C_vdmlow
52
15. AlnPv
(ineIfpsS \mSv)
99
16. Alv
(tX-\o-)
128
17. ACkvdmAv
(cm{]-bmWw)
111
18. AIlv^v
(Kpl)
110
19. adnbw
(Cukm \_n-bpsS amXm--hns \maw)
98
20. Xzmlm
(apl-Zv \_n-bpsS Hcp A]-c-\maw)
135
75
21. AAn-bm-Av ({]-hm-N-I-m)
112
22. Alv
78
(Xom-S-\w)
23. Aap-Avan\q (kXyhn-izm-knI)
118
24. Aq
({]-Im-iw)
64
25. A^pJm
(k-Xym-kXyhnth-N\ am\-ZWvUw)
77
26. Ap-A-dm-Av
(I-hn-I)
27. Awev
(D-dp-v)
93
28. AJkkv
(kw`h Ncn{Xw)
88
29. AAI-_qv (Nnen)
227
69
762
JpB kqd-p-I
kq-fpsS
Fw
30. Adqw
(tdm-a-m)
60
31. epJvam
(X-Xz-m-\n-bmb Hcm-fpsS \maw)
34
32. APZ
(km-mw-Kw)
30
33. AAlvkm_v
(Iqp kw-Lm)
73
34. k_-Av
(io_m F cmPyw)
54
35. ^mXzn
(hncn-n-ph)
45
36. bmko
(-{]-hm-N-Is a\pjyhiw)
83
37. Azm^mv
(A-Wn-tNcp--h)
38. kzmZv
(kw`h Ncn-{X- hni-Zo-I-cn

p Jp-B)
182
88
39. Apa
(Iq)
75
40. apAvan
(kXyhn-izm-kn)
85
41. ^pn-ev
(kv]-am-bXv)
54
42. Aqd
(IqSn-bm-temN\)
53
43 ApKvdp^v
(\h-c-Xv\-)
89
44. Ap-Jm
(]pI]Sew)
59
45. APmknb
(app-Ip-p-Xv)
37
46. AAlv-Jm^v
(aWq-\-I)
35
47. apl-Zv
({]--hm-N-Is \maw)
38
48. A^Xvlv
(Pbn--S-)
29
49. AlpPvdmv
(A-d-I)
18
50. Jm^v
(kp-c-nX ê-I-n
kqns Jp-B)
45
51. Am-cn-bmv
(hnX-dp Imp-I)
60
52. Azq
(Xq ]-Xw)
49
53. APvav
(XmcIw)
62
54. AJa
(N{)
55
55. Adlvam
(]-c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I)
78
56. Ahm-JnA
(Hgn-p-Iq-Smkw`hw)
96
763
JpB kqd-p-I
kq-fpsS
Fw
57. AlZoZv
(Ccp-v)
29
58. AapPm-Zne
(Xn-p--h)
22
59. Aliv
(Hcp-anpIqS)
24
60. AapwX-ln\
(]-co-n-th)
13
61. Az^v^v
(bp-ap--Wn)
14
62. APpapA
(H-n-p-Iq-S)
11
63. Aap\m-^n-Jq
(I-]-S-hn-izm-kn-I)
11
64. A-Km-_p
(em`-\Zn-\w)
18
65. Az-emJv
(hnhm-l-tam-N-\w)
12
66. Alvcow
(\ntcm-[-\w)
12
67. Aapv
(B[n-]-Xyw)
30
68. AJew
(t]\)
52
69. AlmJ
(Dd kw`hw)
52
70. AaB-cnPv
(tImWnSn-I)
44
71. \qlv
28
72. APnv
(Pn-p--I)
28
73. Aapk-n
(]pX-n--s--h)
20
74. Aap-kn
(]pXv aqSn-b-h)
56
75. AJnbma
(Ay-Zn\w)
40
76. ACkm
(a\p-jy)
31
77. Aapk-emv
(XpSm-p-I)
50
78. A_-Av
(hrmw)
40
79. Am-kn-Bv
(Ducn-sb-Sp-p-h)
46
80. A_k
(s\-n-Np-fn-p)
42
81. AIvho
82. AC^n-Xzm
(Npcp-)
(s]mn-n-f-c)
29
19
83. AapX-^v^n-ô
84. ACinJmJv
85. A_pdqPv
(A-fhpXq-- eLq-I-cn-p--h)
(s]mn-hnSc)
(tIm-I)
36
25
22
764
JpB kqd-p-I
kq-fpsS
Fw
86. Azm-cnJv
87. AAAvem
88. AKm-jnb
(Ay-bm-a-n DZn-p-Xv)
(AXyp--X)
(aqSp--hn-\mikw`-hw)
26
89. A^Pv
({]`m-Xw hnS-c)
30
90. A_eZv
(\mSv)
20
91. Awkv
(kq-cy)
15
92. Ass
(cm{Xn)
21
93. Aplm
(sXfn {]`m-Xthf)
11
94. Alv
(hnim-e-X)
95. Ao
(An-a-cw)
96. AeJv
(c--)
19
97. AJZv
(\nW-bw)
98. A_n\
(hy-am-bXv)
99. Aknkne
(`qan-Ip-ep-w)
100. ABZnbmv
(]-S-p-Xn-c-I)
11
101. AJm-cnA
(alm kw`-hw)
11
102. A-Im-kp
(s]cpa\Sn-p--h)
103. A-A-kz
(Imew)
104. Alp-ak
(Bt]I)
105. Aô
(B\)
106. Jpssdiv
(Jpssd-in-I)
107. Aam-Du
(klmb hkvXp-)
108. AIu-k-
([m-cm-fw)
109. AIm^n-dq
(kXy\n-tj-[n-I)
110. A-kzv
(Znhy-k-lm-bw)
111. AakZv
(]\-\m-cv)
112. ACJvemkv
(\njvI-f-X)
113. AêJv
({]`m-Xw)
114. Amkv
(a\p-jykaqlw)
samw kq-
17
19
6236

MalAdhikr (Vol 2) SOUL OF THE QUR'AN (MALAYALAM) VOL:2

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MalAdhikr (Vol 2) SOUL OF THE QUR'AN (MALAYALAM) VOL:2

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Available Formats

Jp-B-\ns

aplvbpo apl--Zv, Ccp-pgn

kvs{Sbvv]mv JpB FUyp-t-j

Quraninte Athmavu (Adhikr) Malayalam Vol-2

Muhyudheen Mohammed Irumbuzhi

Straight path Quran Education

Cu {Kw, temImpw GXpaXmpw tImnI ASnnv

JpB\ns icocamIp Ad_n aqehpw Poh\mIp

GXmWv a\pjys GgvL?

Xzmlm: 13 kq--fn Amlp apl-Zv \_nsb hnfnp ]d-bp-p: Cu

10. \n-bw, \mw \nsf `qan-bn Xmakn-n-p-I-bpw, AXn \nv

lnPv: 3435, \o ChnsS\nv ]pdpt]mhp-I, Atm \nbw \o

Ah ]d-p: Chsc ]p\Po-hn-n-s-Sp- \mfphsc F\nhkcw \In-bm-epw.

lnPv: 36, Ah ]d-p: Fs \mYm, Chsc ]p\Po-hn-n--s-Sp

{kjvSmhv amXm]nXm-sf Gn av, kzKn-te-p Sn-mb

q, Ahn-sS-\nv kno-\n-tev B]-Xn-p--Xp-am-Wv (lv: 31 Iqn-hmbnpI).

48. kzK-hm-kn-I-sfbpw \cIhmkn-I-sfbpw Ah-cpsS e-W- aptJ\

ImWn-p--Xn-\p-thn Ahs A\p-{K-l-m kap-{Z-n I HmSp-Xv?

cWw t\mp-I. Fm {]m\ kzoI-cn-m _Jd: 186 cp D]m-[n-I

Cs\ hni-Zo-I-cnp Xcp-

64. Atm Ah At-ls Xn--dp If-hmnf-p. HSp-hn

cm-IWsapw, R-fpsS ]qnI ]nXm-am- tkhnncp--h-scsbmw shSn-b-Wsav I]n-p--Xn\pw thn-bmtWm \o R-fn

76. Atm Kn-jT

89. Amlp Rsf \n-fpsS Ncy-bn\nv cnp Ign-n-cns, C\n

97. Atm \mnse \nhm-kn-I cm{Xn-k-a-bv Dd--n-em-Ip-tm

\mw \in-n-p, AhcpsS hmk--e-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wtm Ch \S-p-t]m-Ip--Xv.

Fm ZrjvSm--fpw ImWnnpw hniz-kn-msX ^n-Hu [nm-cn-bmb

\Ip in]m-bn-amsc Ab-p-Ibpw sNpI.

3) ma-n-sbpw hc-bp-sSbpw Pe-Zue`y-n-t-Xp-amb hj- (AAvdm^v:

139.\nbw Cq ]n]-nsm-n-cn-p amKw \njn-hpw \in-m\p--Xpw, Ah {]hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--sXmw XnIpw \njv^-ehp-am-Ip-p.

bm-bn-cpp Fp ]d-n-p-v. 122, \nbw Ah cp-t]cpw (aq-kmbpw

Ah tIWp, R-fpsS \mY R-tfmSv IcpW ImWn-p-Ibpw

152.\nbw, ]ip-p-nsb Cem-lmbn sXsc-s-Sp--h-cp--tm, X-fpsS

n\p hnt[-b-am-Im, Imcp-Wy-amb thZ-{K-ns ASn-m-\-n hnizmkw

164. Ah-cn \np Hcp hn`mKw tNmZn-Xpw Hmn-t-Xm-Wv, Amlp

{]Xo-n-m-sa-v kzbw ]d-p-sIm-n-cn--p-Ibpw sNp-smcp Zpjn

_Jd: 2, 63, AAvdm^v: 2 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I.

-n AXn-\p-th FmImcy-fpw Ah sNp-p-sh-n, imiz-X-Po-hnX

Iqp-Im-c Pnp-_m-[np {`mp ]d-bp--h-\s-pw, 25, CXp AI--s

AXns\pdnp Adnhv Am-lp-hns ] am{X-am-Ip-p--]t

sfmw \S-p-Ibpw sNp-p. B alm-m--fpsS Imcp-WywsIm-mWv Ahp

{]th-in-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. Ah AXn \nXy-hm-kn-I-fp-am-bn-cn-pw. Ah-cpsS

hv Fp-]-d-bp-Xv. _-Jd: 44 hni-Zo-I-cWw t\mp-I. Jp-B tIp-tm

lnp sImn-cns kzmZv: 24mw kqw HmXn-b-tm \_n an-dn\nv

kvac-W-bn ebnv ab-s-Spp. AXm-Ipp Am-lp-hns kamKw. Amlp

tNmZyw sN-s-Sm hn[-n PohnXw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m-\p GIamKw.

. AYhm Jp-B\pw Am-lphpw HmWv(B-en-Cw-dm: 101)- Fn-cns, Cv

Wv, Am--sXmw anYy-bm-Wv. Ckvdm-Av: 81, \o ]d-bp-I: kXyw BK-X-am-bn,

sNbvXp. AtXm-S-\p-_-nv hnizm-kn-Ifpw B-Sn-p-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. \_n

W- ISpIqSp-I-bn-. Ah Fmbvtmgpw Am-lp-hns\ kvacn-p--h-cpw,

Fmhn[ t-X-Isfbpw Hcp-anv Ipp-Iqn \c-I-n Xt--Xn\pw

\n t\cs Xocp-am-\n--Xm-bn-cp-s-n, Xo-bmbpw Cu k`-n

Cv Am-lp-hns amKssmv P\-sf XS-bpIsbv ]dm

50. Ccw \ntj-[n-IsfA-h-cpsS apJ--fnepw ]nh-i--fnepw ASn-psIm-pw, \n Icn-p in cpNn-p-sIm-p-I-sbv ]d-p

Ckvdm-Av: 64, Xs i_vZw-sImpw Imem-S-sbbpw -Ip-Xn-c--Ssbbpw

_n-Isf ]nSn-p-sI-p-Xn\pw ]ng CuSm-p--Xn\pw Kz\o-apapX hmcnq-p-X

Ahv ]m]-tam-N-\hpw am\y-amb `-W-hn-`-h-fp-apv.

\_n-tbmSpw hnizm-kn-tbmSpw, I]-S-hn-izm-kn-ItfmSpw \ntj-[-n-\p-ta \ntj[w

Ahsb Npn--n-bp Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-fpw \ow sNt--Xp-m-bn-cp-p. GI

m Cd-n-n-cn--W-sapw AXphgn JpB\ns ktiw temIv apgph

\n-fp-ambn Icm-dn-tes-n-p apivcnp-I-tfmSv Am-lp-hn-sbpw

lpssZ-_nb kn-bn hnizm-kn-I-fp-ambn Icm sNbvXn-cp apivcnp-I

Cu [mnI s]cp-am----a-\p-k-cn-mWv Icm \ne-hn-en-cns Ckvem-an-s\-Xncn