Professional Documents
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Outline
TheionosphereandVLFwaves TheAWESOMEandSIDreceivers TheAWESOMEIHY/UNBSSprogram ScientificapplicationsofVLF
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
TheIonosphere
Ne = electron density
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
StudyingtheDRegion
Unmannedballoonrecordaltitude:51.8km Lowestreasonablesatellitealtitude:~200km Howtomakemeasurementsinbetween
Rocketpasses(brief) GPS(sensitivemostlytoFregion) Radar(cannotscatteroffDregion) VLF(aha!)
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
RadioWavesandtheIonosphere
Magnetosphere Ionosphere
Microwave MF-HF Waves VLF Waves
Atmosphere
N.Lehtinen
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome September22,2009
Earth
WhatisaVLFReceiver?
Antenna
VLF Receiver
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
Storage Media
September22,2009
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
ReceivingVLFSignals
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
AWESOMEReceiverOverview
Atmospheric Weather Electromagnetic System for Observation, Modeling,and Education
BField Antenna
GPS Antenna
Computer
Preamp
LongCable
Line Receiver
Analogto Digital
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
AWESOMEReceiver Pictures
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
10
NarrowbandandBroadband
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
September22,2009
11
TheSimplerSIDDetector Overview
PreAmp Coax 24.8KHz Filter Signal Strength 10bit, AnalogtoDigital Conversion
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
Allfrequencies
DCvoltage Level
DATAQ RS232
Computer
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
Sampleevery 5Seconds
September22,2009
12
SIDDetector Pictures
PreAmp PostAmp
DataQ
WireLoopAntenna
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome September22,2009
13
AWESOMEisIdealforIHY/ISWI
Low-Cost
Designed and developed at Stanford
Scientific Value Cosmic Gamma Rays Lightning Strikes Earthquakes Solar flares
Dynamic Range Time Resolution Narrowband Data Broadband 100kHz Data Cutting-Edge
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
September22,2009
14
GlobalAWESOMESites
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
15
SID/AWESOMESites
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
16
AWESOMEProgramGoals
TOENABLESITES:BuildTools EstablishCentralDataServer 1. DevelopOnlineDataViewer 2. CreateCollaborativeForum 3. FormulateScienceResearchTopics
TOEMPOWERSITES:BuildCapacity
17
CentralDataServer
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
18
OnlineDataViewer
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
19
OnlineDataViewer
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
20
AWESOMECollaborativeForum
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
21
TutorialSeries,DataExercises
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
22
FromReceiverstoaReceiverNetwork
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
23
RegionalWorkshops
WaGRL LabinBahir DarUniversity,Ethiopia ~30localparticipantsintwodayseminar(August2008) Tutorialsanddataexercisesprepared Lessonlearned Workshopscanbesuccessful
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
24
InternationalWorkshopinTunis
May2009,35participantsfrom20countries Tutorials,contributedtalks,dataexercises 30May 01Jun2009
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
MoreWorkshops
February2224,2010 UniversityofSharjah,UAE Futureworkshopseries?
25
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
26
ScientificApplicationsofVLFRadio
Lightningstrikeradiation(sferics) Magnetospheric signals VLFremotesensing
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
27
LightningStrikes
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
28
Sferic SoundsandLightning
Clicks Energy cut off <few kHz Long distance lightning
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
29
SpritesAboveThunderstorms
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
30
Elves
Firstobservedin1992bya spaceshuttle Observedfromgroundby camerasandphotometers after1996
Space Shuttle 2003 Yoav Yair [2003]
Elve
~90 km
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
31
TheGiganticJet
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
32
TerrestrialGammaRayFlashes
Flashesofduration~1ms OriginallydiscoveredbyCGRO Observedupto20MeV photons Correlationwiththunderstorms
33
TGFs andVLFData
34
ScienceofVLFRadio
Lightningstrikeradiation(sferics) Magnetospheric signals VLFremotesensing
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
35
WhistlersintheMagnetosphere
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
36
LightningIllumination
37
WhistlersUpClose
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
38
Magnetospheric Emissions
Whistlers Generated by lightning Impulse dispersed into classic c shape Chorus Generated in situ, usually at high latitude morning Usually rising tones Hiss Band of noise Generated by lightning? Leaked chorus energy?
September22,2009
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
39
ScienceofVLFRadio
Lightningstrikeradiation(sferics) Magnetospheric signals VLFremotesensing
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
40
WorldwideVLFTransmitters
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
41
DiurnalTransmitterVariations
Day Night
Earth
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
42
SolarFlaresontheIonosphere
ReflectingVLFwaves
Receiver
Earth
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome September22,2009
Quiet Day
Active Day
0.5 1.5 2.5 0 1 2 3
2.5
3.5
4.5
2
07:00:03 07:35:31 08:10:59 08:46:27 09:21:56 09:57:24 10:32:52 11:08:20 11:43:48 12:19:16 12:54:44 13:30:12 14:05:40 14:41:08 15:16:36 15:52:04 16:27:32 17:03:00 17:38:28 18:13:56 18:49:24 19:24:53 20:00:21 20:35:49 21:11:17 21:46:45 22:22:13 22:57:41 23:33:09 00:08:37 00:44:05 01:19:33 01:55:01 02:30:29 03:05:57 03:41:25 04:16:53 04:52:21 05:27:50 06:03:18 06:38:46
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
Local Nighttime Sunrise Daytime 07:00:03 07:31:26 08:02:48 08:34:11 09:05:34 09:36:56 10:08:19 10:39:42 11:11:05 11:42:27 12:13:50 12:45:13 13:16:35 13:47:58 14:19:21 14:50:44 15:22:06 15:53:29 16:24:52 16:56:14 17:27:37 17:59:00 18:30:23 19:01:45 19:33:08 20:04:31 20:35:53 21:07:16 21:38:39 22:10:01 22:41:24 23:12:47 23:44:10 00:15:32 00:46:55 01:18:18 01:49:40 02:21:03 02:52:26
SIDEvent anExample
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
Local Nighttime 03:23:49 03:55:11 04:26:34 04:57:57 05:29:19 06:00:42 06:32:05
September22,2009
43
44
SignalOutages
Eventonsetclearlyevidentinbroadbandspectra, asamplitudereductiononallsignals,including VLFtransmittersandradioatmospherics
RHESSIDetectorssaturateandstopcounting
Inan et al. [2007, GRL]
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
45
EarlyFastEvents
46
SpritesandEarlyFastEvents
47
ElectronPrecipitation
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
48
LightningInducedElectronPrecipitation
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
49
VLFSignaturesofLEP
TheoreticalPrecipitationRegion
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
50
Auroral Precipitation
Auroral conditionsarerapidlychanging!
11:10pm
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
11:13pm
September22,2009
March10,2006,nearChistochina,Alaska
51
RemoteSensingofAuroral Precipitation
52
Summary
VLFreceiver(AWESOME)continuingsuccessful IHYglobaldistributionprogram ScientificusesofVLF
Naturalsignalsdetectable
Lightninggeneratedsferics Chorus,whistlers,hiss
VLFtransmittersremotesensing
Ionizingsolarradiation Electronprecipitation Lightningheatingandionization
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009
53
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
September22,2009