You are on page 1of 53

RemoteSensingoftheLowerIonosphere andtheRadiationBeltswithAWESOME andSIDELF/VLFReceivers

MorrisB.Cohen,Umran S.Inan,BenjaminCotts,Naoshin Haque,DeborahScherrer StanfordUniversity wwwstar.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome.html (AWESOMEmonitors) http://solarcenter.stanford.edu/SID/sidmonitor (SIDmonitors)

Outline
TheionosphereandVLFwaves TheAWESOMEandSIDreceivers TheAWESOMEIHY/UNBSSprogram ScientificapplicationsofVLF

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

TheIonosphere
Ne = electron density

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

StudyingtheDRegion
Unmannedballoonrecordaltitude:51.8km Lowestreasonablesatellitealtitude:~200km Howtomakemeasurementsinbetween
Rocketpasses(brief) GPS(sensitivemostlytoFregion) Radar(cannotscatteroffDregion) VLF(aha!)

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

RadioWavesandtheIonosphere
Magnetosphere Ionosphere
Microwave MF-HF Waves VLF Waves

Atmosphere
N.Lehtinen
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome September22,2009

Earth

WhatisaVLFReceiver?

Signals ToBe Studied

Frequencyrange: 100Hz 50kHz

Antenna

VLF Receiver
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

Storage Media
September22,2009

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

ReceivingVLFSignals

Wire loop antenna

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

AWESOMEReceiverOverview
Atmospheric Weather Electromagnetic System for Observation, Modeling,and Education

BField Antenna

GPS Antenna

Computer

Preamp

LongCable

Line Receiver

Analogto Digital

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

AWESOMEReceiver Pictures

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

10

NarrowbandandBroadband

Cohen et al. [2009, IEEE TGRS] http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

September22,2009

11

TheSimplerSIDDetector Overview
PreAmp Coax 24.8KHz Filter Signal Strength 10bit, AnalogtoDigital Conversion
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

Allfrequencies

DCvoltage Level

DATAQ RS232

Computer
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

Sampleevery 5Seconds
September22,2009

12

SIDDetector Pictures

PreAmp PostAmp

DataQ

WireLoopAntenna
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome September22,2009

13

AWESOMEisIdealforIHY/ISWI
Low-Cost
Designed and developed at Stanford

Scientific Value Cosmic Gamma Rays Lightning Strikes Earthquakes Solar flares

$3000 average cost

Portable Auto-calibration Remotely deployed Easy-to-Use

Dynamic Range Time Resolution Narrowband Data Broadband 100kHz Data Cutting-Edge
http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

September22,2009

14

GlobalAWESOMESites

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

15

SID/AWESOMESites

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

16

AWESOMEProgramGoals
TOENABLESITES:BuildTools EstablishCentralDataServer 1. DevelopOnlineDataViewer 2. CreateCollaborativeForum 3. FormulateScienceResearchTopics
TOEMPOWERSITES:BuildCapacity

IncreaseCommunicationandMentoring 2. ExpandnetworkIdentifyNewHosts 3. OrganizeInternationalConference 4.OUTCOMES(ConcreteDeliverables):Siteshould PUBLISHPAPERS,NETWORKWITHEACHOTHER


1.
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome September22,2009

17

CentralDataServer

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

18

OnlineDataViewer

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

19

OnlineDataViewer

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

20

AWESOMECollaborativeForum

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

21

TutorialSeries,DataExercises

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

22

FromReceiverstoaReceiverNetwork

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

23

RegionalWorkshops
WaGRL LabinBahir DarUniversity,Ethiopia ~30localparticipantsintwodayseminar(August2008) Tutorialsanddataexercisesprepared Lessonlearned Workshopscanbesuccessful

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

24

InternationalWorkshopinTunis
May2009,35participantsfrom20countries Tutorials,contributedtalks,dataexercises 30May 01Jun2009

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

MoreWorkshops
February2224,2010 UniversityofSharjah,UAE Futureworkshopseries?

25

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

26

ScientificApplicationsofVLFRadio
Lightningstrikeradiation(sferics) Magnetospheric signals VLFremotesensing

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

27

LightningStrikes

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

28

Sferic SoundsandLightning
Clicks Energy cut off <few kHz Long distance lightning

Pops Energy at all frequencies Nearby lightning

Tweeks Dispersed tail at 1.8 kHz Medium distance (~1Mm)

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

29

SpritesAboveThunderstorms

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

30

Elves
Firstobservedin1992bya spaceshuttle Observedfromgroundby camerasandphotometers after1996
Space Shuttle 2003 Yoav Yair [2003]

Elve
~90 km

Cloud Top (~20 km)


BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

Courtesy Bob Marshall

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

31

TheGiganticJet

Pasko et al. [2002, Nature]

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

32

TerrestrialGammaRayFlashes
Flashesofduration~1ms OriginallydiscoveredbyCGRO Observedupto20MeV photons Correlationwiththunderstorms

Fishman et al. [1994, Science] BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome September22,2009

33

TGFs andVLFData

Inan et al. [2006, GRL] BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome September22,2009

34

ScienceofVLFRadio
Lightningstrikeradiation(sferics) Magnetospheric signals VLFremotesensing

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

35

WhistlersintheMagnetosphere

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

36

LightningIllumination

Courtesy Bill Peter BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome September22,2009

37

WhistlersUpClose

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

38

Magnetospheric Emissions
Whistlers Generated by lightning Impulse dispersed into classic c shape Chorus Generated in situ, usually at high latitude morning Usually rising tones Hiss Band of noise Generated by lightning? Leaked chorus energy?
September22,2009

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

39

ScienceofVLFRadio
Lightningstrikeradiation(sferics) Magnetospheric signals VLFremotesensing

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

40

WorldwideVLFTransmitters

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

41

DiurnalTransmitterVariations
Day Night

Earth

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

42

SolarFlaresontheIonosphere

Ionosphere Ionizingxraysfromsolarflare Atmosphere


Transmitter

ReflectingVLFwaves

Receiver

Earth
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome September22,2009

Quiet Day

Active Day
0.5 1.5 2.5 0 1 2 3

2.5

3.5

4.5

2
07:00:03 07:35:31 08:10:59 08:46:27 09:21:56 09:57:24 10:32:52 11:08:20 11:43:48 12:19:16 12:54:44 13:30:12 14:05:40 14:41:08 15:16:36 15:52:04 16:27:32 17:03:00 17:38:28 18:13:56 18:49:24 19:24:53 20:00:21 20:35:49 21:11:17 21:46:45 22:22:13 22:57:41 23:33:09 00:08:37 00:44:05 01:19:33 01:55:01 02:30:29 03:05:57 03:41:25 04:16:53 04:52:21 05:27:50 06:03:18 06:38:46

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea
Local Nighttime Sunrise Daytime 07:00:03 07:31:26 08:02:48 08:34:11 09:05:34 09:36:56 10:08:19 10:39:42 11:11:05 11:42:27 12:13:50 12:45:13 13:16:35 13:47:58 14:19:21 14:50:44 15:22:06 15:53:29 16:24:52 16:56:14 17:27:37 17:59:00 18:30:23 19:01:45 19:33:08 20:04:31 20:35:53 21:07:16 21:38:39 22:10:01 22:41:24 23:12:47 23:44:10 00:15:32 00:46:55 01:18:18 01:49:40 02:21:03 02:52:26

SIDEvent anExample

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome
Local Nighttime 03:23:49 03:55:11 04:26:34 04:57:57 05:29:19 06:00:42 06:32:05

Courtesy Ray Mitchell

September22,2009

43

NLK 24.8 kHz

44

SignalOutages
Eventonsetclearlyevidentinbroadbandspectra, asamplitudereductiononallsignals,including VLFtransmittersandradioatmospherics
RHESSIDetectorssaturateandstopcounting
Inan et al. [2007, GRL]

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

45

EarlyFastEvents

Johnson et al. [1999, GRL] BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome September22,2009

46

SpritesandEarlyFastEvents

Haldoupis et al. [2004, JGR] BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome September22,2009

47

ElectronPrecipitation

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

48

LightningInducedElectronPrecipitation

Courtesy Marek Golkowski Courtesy Bill Peter

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

49

VLFSignaturesofLEP

TheoreticalPrecipitationRegion

Peter and Inan [2004, JGR]

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

50

Auroral Precipitation
Auroral conditionsarerapidlychanging!

11:10pm
BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

11:13pm
September22,2009

March10,2006,nearChistochina,Alaska

51

RemoteSensingofAuroral Precipitation

Cummer et al. [1997, JGR]


BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome September22,2009

52

Summary
VLFreceiver(AWESOME)continuingsuccessful IHYglobaldistributionprogram ScientificusesofVLF
Naturalsignalsdetectable
Lightninggeneratedsferics Chorus,whistlers,hiss

VLFtransmittersremotesensing
Ionizingsolarradiation Electronprecipitation Lightningheatingandionization

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

53

BSS/IHYWorkshopKorea

http://nova.stanford.edu/~vlf/awesome

September22,2009

You might also like