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SUB-STATION
A Substation may be defined as an assembly of equipments, witch changes one or more characteristics of supply . The main characteristics required to be change by substation are. 1. Voltage step up/down 2. Rectification from AC to DC 3. Frequency 4. Power factor
SUB-STATION ACCESSORIES
SUB-STATION The assembly of apparatus uses to some characteristic of electrical supply is called SUB-STATION
ACCESSORIES
1. BUS-BAR 2. ISOLATING SWITCH 3. POWER TRANSFORMERS 4. CIRCUIT BREAKERS 5. LIGHTING ARRESTORS 6. INSULATORS 7. INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER I. CURRENT TRANSFORMER II. POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER 8. METERING AND INDICATING INSTRUMENTS 9. MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT
TYPES OF SUB-STATION
CALASSIFICATION OF SUB-STATION Two most important ways of classifying them are: 1. According to service requirement 2. According to constructional features 1. According to service requirement:- A substation may be called upon change voltage level to improve in power factor or convert A.C power to D.C power etc. it may be classified into: I. Transformer sub-station II. Switching sub-station. III. Power factor correction sub-station IV. Frequency changer sub-station. V. Converting sub-station VI. Industrial sub-station
TRANSFORMER
INTRODUCTION:- A transformer is an
electrical device witch transfers electrical power from one circuit to another of same frequency. It can raise or lower the voltage in circuit, but corresponding decrease or increase in current. It consists of two independent winding wound over laminated iron core. The winding witch ic connected to the source of supply is called primary and other from witch the power delivered is called secondary.
CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSFORMER:
Classification basis of working: I. Step- up transformer II. Step-down transformer Classification basis of connection of phases:I. Single phase transformer. II. Three phase transformer. At substation only three phase transformer is used on basis of connection of winding three phase transformer are further classification as follows. I. star-star 3 phase transformer. II. Star-delta 3 phase transformer. III. Delta-star 3 phase transformer. IV. Delta-delta 3 phase transformer
POWER TRANSFORMER
The power transformer is the main equipment of the substation its main function is step-up or step-down the voltage. The primary winding of this transformer is connected to 66KV supply. The secondary winding is stepped- down this voltage 11KV are star-star connected. SPECIFICATION Capacity of transformer 20MVA H.V 66KV L.V 11KV Maximum current H.V 174.95 A L.V 1049.75 A Phase 3 Frequency 50 Hz
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
CURRENT TRANSFORMER:- A current transformer is a type of instrument is a type of instrument transform is designed to provide a current in its secondary winding proportional to the current flowing in its primary. They are commonly used in metering and protective relaying in the electric power industry where they facilitate the safe measurement of large currents, often in the presence of high voltage.
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER:- The potential transformer (P.T) steps down voltage to at low value that can be effectively and safely used for operation of instrument such as ammeter, voltmeter , watt meters, and relays used for various protective purposes.
CIRCUIT BREAKER
A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electric circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. TYPES OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS I. MCB(MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER):- The rated current for this type is not more than 100 A. II. MCCB(MOULDED CASE CIRCUIT BREAKER):- The rated current for this type up to 1000 A. III. AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER:- It has a rated current up to 10000 A.
CIRCUIT
has a current rating up to 3000 A. these breakers interrupt the current by creating and extinguishing the arc in vacuum container. These can practically applied voltage up to about 3500V, which corresponding roughly to the medium-voltage range of power system. Vacuum circuit breaker tends to have a longer life expectancies between overhaul than do air circuit breakers.
11KV SYSTEM
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Raikot Jalaldiwal Bassian C.Bank2 Rajgarh Barmi Sukhana Dadhahur Tajpur Sehabajpur
C.Bank1 Feeder Nurpura Feeder Talwandi Feeder Burj Hari singh Feeder Gonwal Feeder Telephone center Feeder Oswal Feeder Grain Market Feeder
BUS BAR
A bus bar in electrical power distribution refers to thick strip of copper or aluminum that conduct electricity within a switchboard, distribution board, substation, or other electrical apparatus. VARIOUS ARRANGEMENTS OF BUS BAR: 1. Single bus bar arrangements. 2. Single bus bar system with sectionisation. 3. Double bus bar arrangements.
CPACITOR BANK
It consist of large number of capacitors connected in series or parallel combination. They are installed in substation at bus bar for improving the power factor and remove the reactive power.
BATTERY ROOM
D.C supply is vary necessary for it is also called BRAIN OF THE SUBSTATION. In human body brain controls the whole process in similar way battery controls whole process in substation. With the supply all tripping circuits work. D.C supply is given to various types of relays and circuit breaker. Equipments in substation have the D.C supply for their working. If the battery is damage in any reasons in the substation then the substation will damage, so the various means are provide to protect the battery.
RELAYS
In power system, sooner or later some failure may occur somewhere when failure occurs on any part of the system. It must be quickly detected and disconnected from the system. This function is performed by the relays. The relay detects the fault or supply information to the circuit breaker, witch in turn, perform the function of circuit interrupted.
TYPES OF RELAYS
1. Induction type over-current relay:- This relay works on
principle of electromagnetic induction
ISOLATOR SWICH
An isolator switch is a part of electric circuit and is more often found in industrial application. The switch does exactly what its name suggests in that in isolate the circuit or circuits that are connected to it. Such a switch is not used normally as an instrument to turn on/off the circuit in the way that a light switch does. Either the switch isolates circuit that are continually powered or is a key element witch enables an electrical engineer to safely work on the protected circuit. .
SWITCHGEAR
The apparatus used for switching, controlling and protecting the electrical circuit and equipment is known as switchgear. ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF SWITCHGEAR: 1. Complete reliability 2. Absolutely certain discrimination 3. Quick operation 4. Provision for manual control 5. Provision for instruments SWITCHGEAR EQUIPMENT:I. SWITCHES II. FUSES III. CIRCUIT BREAKERS IV. RELAYS
LIGHTNING ARRESTER
The lighting arrester provide a path for lighting electrical current between an electrical current between an electric circuit and earth at a time of over voltage caused by lighting.